The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
26-12-2019
Plane passenger films weird rectangular glow above the clouds in Kazakhstan
Plane passenger films weird rectangular glow above the clouds in Kazakhstan
During a flight from the city Almaty to Petropavlovsk in Kazakhstan on December 23, 2019, a passenger noticed a strange rectangular glow above the clouds on which he decided to film it.
It is unclear what the strange glow could have been but it is quite possible that it was a tall building sticking out of the cloud formation.
The tallest building in Kazakhstan is Emerald Towers 1 in Nu-Sultan which is 240 meters high, the Esentai Tower in Almaty is 200 meters high. The construction of both towers as well as other tall buildings are similar to the rectangular glow.
The exact location, the altitude of the plane as well as the altitude level of the cloud formation at the moment the passenger noticed the glow is unknown but could it be that he has filmed the roof of a tall building reflected by the sunset or was it something else?
This day in UFO history: The 1980 UFO Landings In Rendlesham Forest
This day in UFO history: The 1980 UFO Landings In Rendlesham Forest
England holds one of the most compelling UFO landing accounts. In late December 1980, invasion of unidentified flying objects over a period of several nights took place in the joint air bases of Bentwaters and Woodbridge, situated within the vast Rendlesham Forest in late December.
Description of alien beings added to the controversial stories of the twin air bases. The hype took into another level with anomalous radar readings, electromagnetic effects, and surrealistic atmospheric conditions. Professionals, deemed to be credible, have been coming forward revealing their knowledge of the real alien event on the Bentwaters and Woodbridge Air Force Bases.
Uncorrelated object showed on the radar screens at RAF in Norfolk shortly after midnight on December 27, 1980. The thing then suddenly vanished in the area of the Rendlesham Forest in Suffolk. Bentwaters RAF radar also picked up the object.
The bases were allegedly housed a large stockpile of nuclear weapons, and the Woodbridge was the base of the 67th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron.
The radar operator that night, Mal Scurrah, said that they did not have any idea of what they captured on their radar. They checked the air traffic agencies and found out that there should have been nothing in the vicinity at the time. They sent a jet aircraft to investigate, and the pilot reported seeing a dazzling light in the sky in front of them after getting within about a quarter of a mile.
They saw on radar the object was stationary and it moved off in seconds. In just five minutes the UFO reached 90,000 feet and higher, and they had lost it in the radar scope.
The Woodbridge/Bentwaters started their extraordinary events with the sighting of a massive glowing object by three security guards of the twin bases. They followed the lights into the forest with initial thought that it was a commercial or military aircraft that crash landed.
The patrol was stunned to see a saucer-like craft with small beings with large heads suspended by a type of beam from the bottom of the craft. The beings reportedly performing a repair to their craft unaware of the three men watching their activities.
The guards radioed the base headquarters and requested emergency help. Assistance reportedly arrived headed by senior officers of the base. Later, there would be off record reports that they encountered strange anomalies, such as reality-bending, time displacement, and surreal atmospheric conditions.
Some of the senior officers allegedly communicated with the alien beings.
Called out on the second night of the sightings was then the now famous Colonel Halt. The group of Colonel Halt was reportedly one of the groups to chase the glowing UFO in the forest. He made an audio recording of the details of his trek into the woods.
Patrolmen Jim Penniston, John Burroughs, and Larry Warren later co-wrote a book about the incident, titled Left at East Gate.
Other men who were present during the encounter later revealed that there was an underground theater where soldiers were interrogated, sworn to secrecy and threatened. They also revealed that they were shown several films featuring UFO recoveries around the world. It was also reported that an alien being was there in one of the meetings.
Theformation of the solar system is a deeply perplexing puzzle. We're left with clues all over the place: the positions and sizes of the planets, the members of the asteroid belt, Kuiper Belt, and Oort Cloud and the populations of moons around the planets. But how did we get to this from a vague disk of gas and dust billions of years ago?
Simulations and models lead the way, and recently researchers have turned to the asteroid belt for more help: the asteroids living closest to the sun actually preserve a memory from when the solar system was still evolving, and might even offer clues to the hypothesis that we once had five giant planets.
Billions of years ago, our solar system was just a bunch of random gas and dust floating around as a nebula. As it collapsed, it formed a rapidly spinning merry-go-round of a flat disk around the young and hungry proto-sun. Over the course of 100 million years, that disk somehow became the planets and other smaller denizens of our home system.
Computer simulations of the disk-to-planet process are fantastically difficult, due to all the rich and complex physics involved, but they have a few general features. The innermost worlds tend to be small and rocky, while the outermost planets tend to be big and gassy and/or icy. Plus the process of formation leads to a bunch of random junk floating around.
Another general feature is that newborn planets tend to move quickly into resonant motion, meaning that orbits become integer multiples of each other. For example, Mars might orbit four times for every Jupiter orbit, and Jupiter might orbit twice for every turn around the sun that Saturn gets.
And when it comes to our solar system in particular, in simulations the giant planets tend to form much closer together, and much closer to the sun, than they are today.
So then the question becomes: Once we've got a batch of baby planets formed from our protostellar disk, how do we get those planets in their modern-day positions?
Enter the Nice Model, named after the city in southern France where a few sun-baked researchers cooked up the idea in 2005. In the bare-bones version of the model, the too-close-for-comfort giant planets are surrounded by a disk of leftovers: tiny planetesimals that never got to play the planet game and had to hang out in the outskirts of the solar system.
But not for long. Every so slowly, over the course of 100 million years, the outermost giant planet (usually thought to be Neptune, but in some versions of the model it's Uranus) drifts close to one of those leftovers. Close enough to interact gravitationally, doing a little orbital dance where the planet pulls the bit of rock inward to a smaller orbit, and in exchange sends itself farther out.
And then that little scattered rock encounters the next planet in and does the same thing. And then it approaches Saturn and repeats the process again, going ever sunward and spreading out three of the giant planets.
And then that plucky little planetesimal finds Jupiter, who is generally in no mood for games and doesn't like to be told what to do. Instead of nudging the rock inward, the massive bulk of our system's largest planet just sends that unlucky bit of debris out of the solar system altogether. That doesn't come without a price, however; the energy needed to eject the planetesimal reduces Jupiter's own orbit, sending it slightly closer to the sun.
This model is able to explain in large part the modern-day positions of the planets, and how they were able to get there from their birthplaces. And since 2005, more sophisticated versions of the Nice Model have appeared, trying to explain finer details of our system's makeup, including the possibility that we once were home to a fifth giant planet that got lost in all the gravitational reshuffling.
Look to the asteroids
But all versions of the Nice Model have a particular problem with the asteroid belt. All that orbital dancing in the outer system can have big impacts on the inner worlds and their own population of planetary leftovers. The on-again-off-again gravitational resonances that the outer planets experience as they migrate to and fro in the outer reaches destabilize members of the nascent asteroid belt, scattering them into all sorts of crazy orbits.
In particular, the various versions of the Nice Model tend to send the innermost belt members (the chunks of rock within 2.5 astronomical units) into orbits with high inclination, meaning that they're angled with respect to the rest of the solar system. (One astronomical unit, or AU, is the average Earth-sun distance — about 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometers.) And yet, we find most asteroids are on an even keel with the major planets, so we must be getting something wrong in our models.
Recently, a team of researchers took a more refined approach to the simulations, looking especially at the interactions of Jupiter and Saturn as they waltzed together in the early days of the solar system. The scientists found that during the process of planetary migration, Jupiter and Saturn approach a 5:2 resonance, meaning that Jupiter orbits five times for every two orbits of Saturn.
They don't stay in that resonance for long. But the details of Saturn's orbit while near the resonance give it just the right gravitational effect on the inner system to clear away any high-inclination wannabes in the asteroid belt.
And what about the more exotic models, like early solar systems including a fifth giant planet? It too has an effect on all the resonances, which means that the modern-day asteroid belt may actually be a fossil record, remembering what the young system was like. And the more we study those little leftover asteroids, the more we can learn about our own origins.
SAN FRANCISCO — NASA's Curiosity rover may have just taken a big step toward cracking at least part of the Mars methane mystery.
Curiosity's measurements show that methane levels cycle seasonally inside the Red Planet's 96-mile-wide (154 kilometers) Gale Crater, which the rover has been exploring since August 2012. The six-wheeled robot has also detected several big surges of the gas, which is a possible (though far from definitive) sign of Mars life.
But here's where the mystery comes in: The view from above is very different. The European-Russian Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), which was designed to sniff out low-abundance gases such as methane, has found the Martian air to be virtually free of the stuff.
For example, TGO recorded an upper limit of 0.012 parts per billion (ppb) methane during its first four months of full science operations, which lasted from April through August 2018. That's about 35 times lower than the background methane levels Curiosity measured inside Gale over the same period.
And neither TGO nor Mars Express, a European probe that has been orbiting the planet since December 2003, spotted the most recent methane spike that Curiosity detected. During that event, which occurred on June 19 of this year, methane concentrations at the rover's location rose to a whopping 21 ppb — the highest levels that Curiosity had ever recorded. (Mars Express did, however, independently observe the first methane surge that Curiosity spotted, in June 2013.)
The discrepancy between ground measurements and orbital data has the Curiosity team "mystified, just like everyone else," mission principal investigator Ashwin Vasavada said here last week during a media roundtable at the annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU).
Perhaps something in the Martian atmosphere destroys methane very quickly, scrubbing away most of the gas that rises above Curiosity and therefore leaving little for TGO or Mars Express to detect, said Vasavada, who's based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. But that's not the only possible explanation.
"Maybe the expansion and contraction of the atmosphere every day from solar heating is responsible," he told Space.com after the roundtable.
Curiosity's previous methane measurements — which the rover makes using its Sample Analysis at Mars instrument, or SAM — have been gathered at night, Vasavada said. That's not surprising, considering how busy the rover is during the day studying rocks in minute detail and/or driving across the rugged Red Planet landscape. But it means that Curiosity had sniffed only when the atmosphere was relatively dense and the methane concentrated as a result.
During the day, as the atmosphere expands, the methane becomes more mixed and diffuse — perhaps diffuse enough to explain, at least in part, why the orbiters' observations are so different.
The Curiosity team is testing this idea. Over this past weekend, the rover was scheduled to make its first-ever detailed daytime methane measurement.
"This rare experiment is a chance to get some exciting science observations, but we'll need time after the experiment to analyze the data; we don't expect to have any takeaways right away," science team member Catherine O'Connell, a planetary geologist at the University of New Brunswick in Canada, wrote in a mission update on Friday (Dec. 13).
The results, whatever they may be, will not solve the entire Mars methane mystery, for it's a multilayered one. For example, scientists don't know how the gas was produced. Most of the methane in Earth's air was emitted by living creatures, but the stuff can be created abiotically as well — specifically, by reactions involving hot water and rock.
And even if Mars' methane is biogenic — a very big if — there's no guarantee it's a sign of active life. The gas may have been generated billions of years ago in underground pockets, from which it's now slowly seeping, mission team members have said.
The Curiosity team also recently announced intriguing results about another possible biosignature gas. The rover's measurements show that oxygen levels rise considerably higher than expected in the spring and summer and drop below predicted concentrations during the Gale Crater winter.
"As it always has been, both methane and oxygen are a mystery," Vasavada said during the AGU roundtable. "It's telling us that there's things about the atmosphere that we don't understand. How methane and oxygen are produced, and how they're destroyed — both are not fitting our current models of atmospheric chemistry."
The main goal of Curiosity's $2.5 billion mission involves assessing the habitability of Gale Crater. The rover has already accomplished that objective, finding that Gale hosted a long-lived lake-and-stream system in the ancient past.
Since September 2014, Curiosity has been picking its way up Mount Sharp, the 3.4-mile-high (5.5 kilometers) mountain that rises from Gale's center, searching for clues about Mars' long-ago transition from a relatively warm and wet world to the cold, dry planet it is today.
A brother and sister alien hunting team have discovered a “UFO highway” across America along which hundreds of unexplained events have taken place - from cattle mutilations to alien abductions.
Chuck Zukowski and Debbie Ziegelmeyer have spent years travelling across the US investigating hundreds of UFO sightings and other paranormal occurrences.
It was during one cattle mutilation investigation that Chuck realised that many of the unexplained events he had looked into had taken place on the 37th latitude.
He called his sister - who noticed the same with her investigations in Missouri - and the pair began researching the phenomenon, discovering that there are clusters of unexplained events taking place across the same latitude line.
The pair believe that the 37th latitude line is a kind of UFO or paranormal “highway” along which extra terrestrial craft enter and exit the earth.
Their theory is now the subject of a book called the 37th Parallel - and is about to be made into a Hollywood blockbuster in the next few months.
Chuck told Sun Online: “Back in 2006 I was looking at my cattle mutilation investigations - there were huge similarities between them all - most of them were laying on their right side, they’re laying east to west and then I noticed that lots of them were on the 37 degree latitude.
“I called my sister at midnight and I said, ‘Didn’t you have cattle mutilations on the 37 degree latitude in Missouri?'
"And she said, 'Yes' and we started looking more into it. We soon realized it wasn’t just cattle mutilations – there were all kind of events.
"We we're up until 2:30 in the morning going through all these cases and started seeing these amazing patterns.”
The 37th latitude line runs from California through Nevada, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky and across to Virginia.
Examples of cases along the line include the Joplin Spook Lights - unexplained balls of light that have been appearing in Hornet, Missouri since the 19th century; The Aztec, Nevada incident of 1948 when a flying saucer allegedly crashed; and Piedmont, Missouri where 500 people reported UFO sightings in 1973.
The infamous Area 51 in Nevada - and the Dulce Base - an alleged underground alien base - are also located on the line.
"For the next month or so I start looking at all these cases and I had all this data," Chuck explained.
"All these GPS co-ordinates, everything from Native American sites to underwater caves.
"I released it all on my website and I mentioned it during an appearance on the Science Channel's Unexplained Files - then for the next season of that show they asked me to expand on the theory so I did a whole episode on it for them.
"The bottom line is the 37th latitude is like a UFO highway or paranormal highway across the continent.
"We seem to think that this highway is a major highway that these crafts use - they seem to exit and enter here."
After his appearance on the Science Channel a Hollywood producer got in touch and told Chuck his theory would be a great idea for a book and movie.
The book 37th Parallel, by New York times best selling author Ben Niezrich, came out last year - and a screen play is currently being written.
"In 2015 I signed a life-rights contract with Flint Pictures - it got picked up by New Line Cinema - Warner Brothers before the book was even written - just on the idea," Chuck said.
"The book came out last year. The screen play is being written by a Hollywood screenwriter who has written movies for Matt Damon, Robert De Niro, Robert Downey Jr and should be ready in the next month.
"We’ll know in October if the movie is going ahead but they already have some big name actors following the project already."
Debbie said she is now investigating what incidents have occurred on the 37th latitude around the world - particularly over water.
Athens, Greece, sits on the line - and it's also the the dividing line between North and South Korea.
Debbie has even witnessed UFOs herself on the 37th latitude after a party at her family's lake house near Farmington, Missouri - which lies on the line - last year.
"I have an app on my phone that you can use to look up and it tells you what planets and constellations are visible," she said.
"And then all of a sudden we saw four stars in a formation. They were small stars which kept getting brighter and brighter - so apparently whatever it was was coming into the atmosphere then the one on the top left hand corner shot fast, straight up, and the top right and bottom left did the same - and the bottom right one went right across the horizon.
"I spoke to other experts to see if we have any military or government projects that could do that and they said no - they had no idea what it could be."
Chuck and Debbie say they have investigated hundreds and hundreds of paranormal cases - and it's not just UFOs - the pair also investigate ghost and Bigfoot sightings.
"I get three or four people a week getting in touch with me through my website - sightings, photos and videos - I always have a backlog," Chuck said.
"We started off as crash retrieval investigators but then you gather all this equipment like geiger counters, Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) instruments, night vision goggles and then people get in touch.
"Lots of Bigfoot sightings are associated with UFO sightings - and ghost investigations started coming up because I had all this equipment.
"We use EMF instruments to look for trace evidence to look for crafts or entities because they leave electronic signatures - well it turns out ghosts leave electronic signatures too.
"Sometimes where they have had ghost sightings the orbs they see might not be ghosts but UFOs.
Hans-Peter Marshall, associate professor at Boise State University, and Andy Gleason, Senator Beck Snow Safety Director, push toward the upper reaches of Senator Beck Basin with a Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar held between them during SnowEx 2017. Credit: NASA / Andrew Hedrick, USDA Agricultural Research Service
It's the most wonderful time of the year—the time NASA's SnowEx campaign hits the skies and ground of the world's snowy places, measuring snow properties to understand how much water is contained by each winter's snowfall.
Snow is a vital source of water for drinking, agriculture and electrical power in the western United States and other locations around the world. To know how much water will be available the following spring, water resource managers and hydrologists need to know where snow has fallen, how much there is and how is characteristics change as it melts. Measuring snow water equivalent, or SWE, tells them how much water is contained within the snowpack.
NASA currently has no global satellite mission to track and study SWE. SnowEx's airborne measurements, ground measurements and computer modeling are paving the way for future development of a global snow satellite mission. Here are some things they will be watching for in the 2020 campaign.
In the air …
Snow is challenging to measure because its characteristics change depending on what terrain it falls on, how deep it is and whether it is melting. No one tool or measurement can measure all types of snow all the time, the team said.
"The research gaps in snow remote sensing can be grouped by snow climate classes—tundra snow, snow in forests, snow in maritime areas—and by how snow evolves over time," said Carrie Vuyovich, a research scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland and SnowEx 2020's current deputy project scientist. "Different snow characteristics impact the measurements differently."
Tracking snow-water equivalent (SWE) across the season helps hydrologists and water resource managers know what water will be available when it melts in the spring, as well as plan for possible floods or droughts.
SnowEx’s airborne measurements, ground measurements and computer modeling are paving the way for future development of a global snow satellite mission. Credit: NASA / Jon Sunderman, Naval Research Laboratory
"It's not so much the depth of the snow—that's the measure most people are probably familiar with," said Ed Kim, a research scientist at Goddard and SnowEx's former project scientist. "You know, in the winter, if it snows and you've got to shovel your driveway, you want to know how many centimeters of snow you have to shovel. But we're after the water equivalent: How much water that snow represents and what it means for floods and droughts."
The SnowEx airborne campaign will fly radar and lidar (light detection and ranging) to measure snow depth, microwave radar and radiometers to measure SWE, optical cameras to photograph the surface, infrared radiometers to measure surface temperature, and hyperspectral imagers to document snow cover and composition. Some of these instruments work better than others across different types of terrain, vegetation and snow conditions, and seeing where and when each performs best will help snow scientists decide how different combinations of instruments would provide useful measurements for a potential satellite mission.
SnowEx 2020 will first test the instruments near Grand Mesa, Colorado, which includes both flat snow and forest. This year's campaign will also include a time series of flights across Colorado, Utah, Idaho and California as snow melts in the spring, documenting changes between locations and seasons. The team began flights in December 2019 and will finish in May 2020.
"The last campaign was a snapshot in time," said Vuyovich. "We did not see a lot of change in snow conditions over the three-week period in 2017, and some techniques we are interested in use a change detection method."
The time series campaign will test and validate a SWE measurement method using L-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), measured with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's UAVSAR instrument.
"The UAVSAR instrument is very reliable—it's flown often for non-snow applications such as deformation of the earth surface after earthquakes or volcanoes," said HP Marshall, an associate professor at Boise State University, Idaho and researcher with the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab, and SnowEx 2020's project scientist. "In our preliminary tests in 2017, we got some pretty promising results that correlate with snow depth and SWE, but there wasn't a very big change, so we couldn't test over a wide range of conditions. In 2020, we will make InSAR measurements weekly to bi-weekly during a time series experiment, from snow-free conditions through transition into the wet spring snowpack."
SnowEx will also test the Snow Water Equivalent Synthetic Aperture Radar and Radiometer (SWESARR). SWESARR was developed at NASA Goddard, and its combination of active and passive microwave measurements allows it to measure characteristics of the snow as well as the soil underneath, which can affect the microwave signal.
In order to know if the instruments are taking accurate measurements, the team also collects data on the ground. In 2020, ground teams will measure snow depth, density, accumulation layers, temperature, wetness and grain size — the size of a typical particle. Credit: NASA / Hans-Peter Marshall, Boise State University
SnowEx includes partners from universities, private institutions and other government agencies who bring additional expertise and instruments—such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's airborne gamma instrument and the University of Alabama's FMCW radar. These instruments cannot be used in space, but they will help the snow science community advance their understanding of snow across various conditions.
The team will also compare their data to NASA's ICESat-2 and the European Space Agency's Sentinel 1A and 1B satellites, and high-resolution optical imagery from NASA WorldView and private imaging companies.
… and on the ground
In order to know if their algorithms are accurate, the team also collects data on the ground. SnowEx 2020's ground teams will measure snow depth, density, accumulation layers, temperature, wetness and snow grain size—the size of a typical particle. Measuring these characteristics lets them see how different locations and on-the-ground characteristics impact the airborne data.
This year, real-time computer modeling will be integrated into the campaign as well.
"Our snow modeling group has been working to understand where we see the greatest uncertainty in model simulations of SWE," said Vuyovich. Here, "uncertainty" refers to the range of estimates from a number of simulations. The team assembled a twelve-member ensemble of different models and atmospheric data to simulate nine years' worth of snow seasons across North America, pinpointing areas where uncertainty was highest.
"Evaluating the data real-time will help us understand what is driving the uncertainty." Vuyovich said. "Next, we'll start looking at how assimilating different remote sensing observations can help improve our estimates."
The empire of Aztec was formed after the three ruling cities Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tlacopa joined the forces 1428. Tenochtitlan, also known as Mexica-Tenochtitlan, became the most dominant military power and buried all evidence of past civilisations. But after an archaeologist made an unexpected discovery in Mexico it helped to expose an entire lost Aztec city.
In Amazon Prime's recently released series showed how a team of workers came across a gigantic oval stone in 1978 near a cathedral in Tenochtitlan. This finding led the archaeologists to a theory that Mexico city was built on the top of an early Aztec city.
The archaeological finding below Mexico city
The narrator of the series stated that the archaeologist, assigned excavate in this area, was Eduardo Matos Montezuma and from the many relics he discovered, scientists are now able to imagine how the magnificent ancient capital might have looked. He also mentioned that it was the ancient vestiges of Tenochtitlan.
In addition, the narrator said, "The centre of Tenochtitlan was situated between the cathedral and the Palacio Nacional, on the ground plaza of the zocalo, it was mainly a place of worship, full of temples erected on the tops of pyramids with their characteristic steep stairways and colourful wall paintings."
The excavation work was continued for five years and after the completion, 7,000 objects, including sculptures, small artefacts, votive offerings and the skulls of sacrificed victims were discovered from that particular area.
Aztec Sun stone depicting their concept of the universeWikimedia commons
The lost Aztec city
It should be mentioned that the ancient city was located at an elevation of over 6,500 feet and it was surrounded by hills, mountains as well as lakes and was connected to the mainland with many causeways and interlaced with navigable canals. In its prime, the settlement was known as a great metropolis with over 1,200,000 inhabitants.
The archaeologist, Dr Montezum found thousands of relics buried below which allowed him to map the old city, which had many temples dedicated to important gods at the ceremonial centre, Teocalli.
"The most imposing was the Templo Mayor, the religious heart of Tenochtitlan, the destination for pilgrims and home for priests and divinities. Priests were allowed to climb to the top of the pyramid and enter the two temples and on either side of the temple, there were two other sacred constructions dedicated to the Gods Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca," said the narrator of 'Secrets of Archaeology.'
Aztec pillarWikimedia commons
The lost city structure
It was revealed that the lost city of Aztec, Teocalli had dwellings reserved for those in the priesthood and playgrounds for an Aztec ballgame which had more of spiritual meaning than a sporting one and the priests used to play there.
The archaeologist also found a famous alter of the skulls, called Tzompantli, where the craniums of human sacrifice victims were displayed. As per the experts, religious sacrifices were necessary to seek blessings from deities.
The Aztec Empire
'Aztec' refers to the 'people of Aztlán' and the ancestral home of the Aztecs thought to be in northern Mexico or the southwestern US. In 1426, when the Tepanec ruler died, his son Maxlatzin inherited the throne. He sought to reduce Aztec power but was defeated by the former ally.
The Aztecs didn't directly rule the region in the same way like Romans did. Rather than direct control, they subjugated nearby city-states but left the local rulers in charge, then demanded regular tribute.
It should be mentioned that they used to believe in more than 200 gods, who were divided into groups, such as for the weather, agriculture and warfare.
In his book, "Forbidden Science 4," Dr. Jacques Valle explains how he came in possession documents showing that forced "UFO abductions" were conducted by the CIA as psychological warfare experiments.
Reflect On:
This field really requires a lot of critical thinking, and a lot of research. It's no doubt filled with disinformation and misinformation that seems to plague the mainstream UFO community today.
Throughout history, the field of ufology and the examination of the extraterrestrial hypothesis has, without a doubt, been overcome with a plethora of disinformation. Those who have dived into the depths of ufology know this best, as it’s well documented that ‘outsiders’ from intelligence agencies and governments have infiltrated the field for the purposes of deceiving researchers and people who are interested in the topic for one simple reason, to keep them away from the truth. On top of these disinformation campaigns, which still seem to be in operation today, there has long been an “official campaign of ridicule and secrecy” (Roscoe Hillenkoetter, Ex CIA director) associated with the subject. This is why I encourage all those reading who dive into this subject to stick with facts, data, and evidence rather than entertain what seem to be outlandish claims that in no way, at all, can be verified.
I’d like to draw your attention to Dr. Jacques Vallee, who holds a master’s degree in astrophysics and a Ph.D. in computer science. The subject of UFOs first attracted his attention as an astronomer in Paris. He subsequently became a close associate of Project Blue Book’s J. Allen Hynek and has written several books on the UFO enigma. He is currently a venture capitalist living in San Francisco. Vallée co-developed the first computerized map of Mars for NASA in 1963. He later worked on the network information center for the ARPANET, a precursor to the modern Internet, as a staff engineer of SRI International’s Augmentation Research Center under Douglas Engelbart.
He’s a researcher that’s had a very interesting life, to say the least, with regards to researching the topic of UFOs. He’s come into contact with and had meetings with most experts in the field, politicians from around the world, high ranking military personnel and much more. His journey into the subject has led him to investigate an uncountable amount of case reports regarding UFOs and supposed extraterrestrial beings, and he’s been a major player with regards to bringing the mainstream scientific community forward to look at the evidence and data that’s involved with such a serious subject, that, in his time, was largely ridiculed. He is an important reason why the phenomenon has gained as much credibility as it has today.
Valle is one of many who have written about and documented the startling evidence that well-constructed hoaxes and media manipulations have misled UFO researchers, diverting them from the UFO phenomenon itself, what’s really going on.
In one of his latest books, Forbidden Science 4, he shares a record of his private study into unexplained phenomena between 1990 and the end of the millennium, during which he was traveling around the global pursuing his professional work as a high-technology investor. It’s a bit of a diary, documenting his experiences and encounters/meetings as he tries to examine and explore the phenomenon.
In an entry dated Thursday 26 March 1992, Valle writes:
I have secured a document confirming that the CIA simulated UFO abductions in Latin America (Brazil and Argentina) as psychological warfare experiments.
Reading this line from his book triggered me back to earlier in his book when he mentions one of many conversations he’s had with Ron Blackburn.
On Monday 16 April 1990, he writes:
Over lunch again with Colonel Ron Blackburn (Air Force) at the Gatehouse in Palo Alto he revealed that the “Secret Onion” group started in 1985 in the classified tank located in his basement at the Lockheed Skunk Works. Colonel John Alexander had brought him a list of the people in the inner circle. They divided the world into layers of concentric trust and ability. John introduced Blackburn to Ed Dames. Blackburn and I have a firmed up our plants to ravel to New Mexico on May 4th, up the high mesa – supposedly to meet some Aliens.
It’s interesting to note that Colonel John Alexander army writes about Blackburn in his book, “UFOs, myths, conspiracies and realities.”
Among the people I met was Dr. Ron Blackburn, a retired U.S. Air Force lieutenant colonel who was then working at the Lockheed Skunk Works in Burbank. It was Blackburn who first asked me if I had ever heard of the infamous Area 51. In the early 1980s, this facility was still not widely known inside the military, let alone the general public, even though it had been functional for decades…Among areas of common interest between Blackburn and me were UFOs. We discussed many possibilities related to who might be in charge of UFO research. We both thought that there was some organization, probably within the U.S. Air Force, which had the responsibility. But we acknowledged that whoever had the ball, there must be a an interagency effort as well. Our assumption was that somebody must be in charge, and we were well aware of all the prevailing stories and rumours. Roswell, we assumed, was a real UFO event.
Fast forward to Friday, May 4th, 1990, Valle writes about Blackburn:
“I’m convinced the government is working on UFOs,” he told me. “What are the chances some witnesses are being fooled by special effects developed by psychological warfare?” I countered. Thinking of cases like Bentwaters in the UK or Cergy-Pontoise in France. “They’re pretty good,” he admitted. “Suppose you shine a week infrared laser into people’s eyes; it won’t hurt them but may induce a hallucinatory state. Experiments have been done where you send a microwave beam through someone’s brain; you pick up the transmitted energy pattern. You can influence people this way, even make them hear things. Holograms have been used too,”
fIt’s interesting to note the conversation Valle had with Blackburn in 1990, and then in 1992 writes that he had received a document that the CIA had been involved with staging UFO (alien abductions). Combine this information with Blackburn mentioning that holograms have been used, and technology exists to produce “hallucinatory” states.
This is just one of many examples and pieces of evidence many researchers in the field point to suggesting that there are staged abductions happening for reasons unknown, and that it’s continuing today. It’s not surprising either if you’ve ventured down the road of CIA mind controlled tactics, programs like MK ultra and their desire to manipulate the perception of the masses with regards to various topics. It’s not surprising if you’ve looked into the black budget world, a world that’s far more advanced that the mainstream world with regards to technology.
Dr. David Jacobs, a retired university professor, is one of many experts who has hypnotically regressed people who claim to have had ET abduction experiences. After thousands of people, they all share the same story. Many filled with forced impregnation, and ‘hybrid’ children, among other things. Could many of these forced abduction experiments simply be deep black projects that are being conducted by rogue government agencies? Now we know that yes, many of them could be. Are all of them? There are stories floating around out there without much evidence, like the idea that Eisenhower made a deal with certain extraterrestrial groups, that they could abduct a certain amount of humans for the exchange of technology. Based on the idea that that forced abductions may be military operations, this supposed meeting is called into question.
Valle writes of Jacobs in his book:
I am trying to read Jacob’s Secret Life.’ The author appears obsessed with what he views as a massive Alien invasion, his analysis is no longer balanced.
This may explain why there is a whole array of people who claim to have had experience with beings from somewhere else, but these experiences did not involve forced abductions, but rather, simple contact experiences. Remember, the key nuance here is we’re talking about human and ET contact, vs forced abductions which are often quite aggressive or terrifying for people.
I’ve written previously about the work of Jacobs, you can read that article here. I’ve been in this field for more than a decade now and the more I learn, the more I have to unlearn and consider other possibilities. I wrote that article being aware that many abduction cases could be military operations, but I did not mention it. I’ve come across the work of many who have interviewed abductees and, from their experiences, there also seems to be a military component as well, or a feeling of military personnel appearing as ‘Aliens.’
How Deep Does The Misinformation Go?
Richard Doty is also mentioned multiple times in Valle’s book. He is a retired Air Force Special investigations officer (AFSIO), and his job was to spread disinformation about the UFO subject during his time with the Air Force. Spreading disinformation about the reality of UFOs is no secret, and in Doty’s case, he admitted to infiltrating UFO circles along with his colleagues to feed ufologists and journalists lies and half truths so that they would never understand any real truth.
So, as you can see, this type of narrative has many interesting sources. You can read more about Doty and watch an interview with him here.
Regardless, There Is Something Going On Here
Valle, and all others in this field are quite aware that something real is going on, and something quite possibility extraterrestrial and inter-dimensional. This article is not meant to shed doubt on the phenomenon itself as well as the extraterrestrial hypothesis. Credible information with regards to sightings, crash retrieval, and possible bodies and contact experiences with ‘aliens’ are out there and can be examined. That being said, there is obviously a lot of disinformation out there as well, ridiculous claims as well as charlatans who are in the field spreading lies and fake stories for the purposes of making money, or perhaps to do what Doty was once tasked with, to spread disinformation, are out there.
With all that being said, the fact remains that:
There is a serious possibility that we are being visited and have been visited for many years by people from outer space, from other civilizations….This should be the subject of rigorous scientific investigation and not the subject of ‘rubishing’ by tabloid newspapers.
– Lord Admiral Hill-Norton, Former Chief of Defence Staff, 5 Star Admiral of the Royal Navy, Chairman of the NATO Military Committee (source)
Over the last few days there has been a significant amount of online debate about alien abductions, mind-altering technologies, and the possibility that some alien abductions may have been the work of the CIA and not of extraterrestrials. In his December 19, 2019 article (titled “Vallee Declines to Substantiate Claim of CIA Simulating UFO Abductions”) Jack Brewer wrote the following: “Dr. Jacques Vallee declined to attempt to fully substantiate the assertion contained in his book, Forbidden Science – Volume Four, that he secured a document confirming the CIA simulated UFO abductions in Brazil and Argentina. ‘I felt a duty to call attention to the issue,’ Vallee explained in a Dec. 17 email, but chose not to share the document or address pertinent questions surrounding its circumstances.”
Jason Colavito said at his blog: “A few months ago, Jacques Vallée, the longtime UFO researcher and scientific advisor to space-demon-hunting billionaire Robert Bigelow, published the fourth volume of his diaries, Forbidden Science, covering the 1990s. In that book, Vallée made the shocking allegation that the CIA staged fake alien abductions in Latin America and that there were documents that supported the allegation: ‘I have secured a document confirming that the CIA simulated UFO abductions in Latin America (Brazil and Argentina) as psychological warfare experiments.'”
And, there’s my own article on this subject, here at Mysterious Universe. The article is titled: “Simulated Alien Abductions: the CIA, a Hot Hooker, and Secret Experiments.” As I say: “There’s a distinct possibility (maybe, even, a probability) that this all relates to a very weird and highly controversial affair that went down in Brazil way back in the 1950s. Antonio Villas Boas was a Brazilian man who claimed, in late 1957, to have had wild sex with an equally wild babe from the stars, after having been kidnapped and taken on-board a UFO. An early alien abduction? Yep. Or maybe not. In the late-1970s, UFO researcher Rich Reynolds had contact with a man named Bosco Nedelcovic, who had links to the world of intelligence, who spent time working in South America, and who claimed that the Villas Boas affair was not what it appeared to be. He told Rich that, in reality, Villas Boas was the unwitting player in a new and bizarre experiment. According to Nedelcovic, the UFO that Villas Boas saw over his family’s property was really a helicopter. Not only that, Villas Boas was supposedly hit by some kind of mind-altering aerosol spray that quickly placed him into an altered state, after the pilot of the helicopter flew right over him and at a low level. As for the girl from the stars, she was said to have really been a hooker, a girl hired to take Villas Boas on the closest encounter of all. But, it was all a ruse: a mind-bending event designed to fabricate a UFO incident.”
All of this brings me to another famous alien abduction case: the October 11, 1973 alien abduction of Charles Hickson and Calvin Parker at Pascagoula, Mississippi. The case has become a classic in UFO research circles. It’s a little-known fact, though, that just a few miles from where Parker and Hickson were taken is a stretch of land called Horn Island. It looks pleasant and inviting, which it is. But, that wasn’t always the case. When the Second World War was still raging, Horn Island was home to top secret research in the fields of chemical- and biological-warfare. Less than a decade later, the U.S. Army’s Chemical Corps used the island for its early research into hypnosis, mind-control, and psychedelics – in essence, to see how the human mind could be altered, and radically so, too.
The history books state that all such work on Horn Island was halted in the 1960s – amid rumors that some of the locals ended up in altered states of mind after being accidentally hit by powerful aerosol-based hallucinogenic substances carried by the wind. But try asking the locals about when things really ended and you’ll get a very different response. There are tales of the Army secretly employing the use of BZ in the area, in the early 1970s. And what might BZ be?Known as “Buzz,” it’s a powerful, mind-mixer, the official title of which is 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate. Graphic hallucinations are typical. As are states of unreality. Cognitive dysfunction soon sets in. As does incapacitation. H.P. Albarelli, Jr., in his 2009 book, A Terrible Mistake (on the controversial death of a bacteriologist named Frank Olson, who was an expert in the field of mind-altering drugs, including LSD) states the following: “In Mississippi, Olson made one visit, along with several other researchers, including Dr. Gerald Yonetz, to Horn Island, ten miles off the small town of Pascagoula, Mississippi.”
The city of Pascagoula, Buzz, alien abductions, Frank Olson at Pascagoula, and more all make for a heady brew, indeed.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
A Sign? Strange green lights moving in the sky over Long Beach and Willow Creek, California
A Sign? Strange green lights moving in the sky over Long Beach and Willow Creek, California
Images and a video showing strange green lights seemly flying in the sky over Long Beach and Willow Creek in California.on December 24, 2019.
While the witness in Long Beach captured images of several green and yellow objects in the sky, the witness in Willow Creek managed to take a video of many green lights moving around at high altitude.
I have no idea what these objects could be, but instead of thinking of UFOs or alien probes could it be static electricity?
Some scientists think that static electricity in the earth's atmosphere may be the key to predict large earthquakes.
They suggest that Earth’s crust may give hints before it ruptures, in the form of charged particles from deep below the earth migrate to the surface into the atmosphere that occur days before an earthquake.
Although other scientists have yet to agree on a mechanism by which the crust could create static electricity signals, maybe it is a good idea to keep an eye on these strange greenish particles in the sky.
Why The Ark of the Covenant Is The Most Extraordinary Ancient Artifact in History
Why The Ark of the Covenant Is The Most Extraordinary Ancient Artifact in History
COAST TO COAST AM - The Ark of the Covenant has to be one of the most extraordinary artifacts in history. In the latter half of the show, historical detective Graham Phillips presented evidence that this remarkable relic really existed and was discovered by the crusader knights, the Templars, during the Middle Ages and brought back to Europe and Phillips now believes he knows where it’s located.
“I think there’s enough information, enough evidence that there was a historical artifact that was considered holy by the ancient Israelites,” he said. Phillips detailed the biblical story of the origin of the Ark, which was purportedly built by the Israelites to house the Ten Commandment tablets.
Why The Ark of the Covenant Is The Most Extraordinary Ancient Artifact in History
Secret Space Program Antigravity Programs Are Real and Active
Secret Space Program Antigravity Programs Are Real and Active
COAST TO COAST AM – Author and lecturer Mike Bara discussed the alleged secret space program, as well as anti-gravity propulsion programs, secret flying saucer crafts developed by the military, and anti-gravity breakthroughs.
Early in his research, Bara says that he encountered what appeared to be a secret U.S. space program separate from NASA that was begun within the “military intelligence complex.” He believes this was done because the government was afraid that we might find evidence of extraterrestrials on the moon or other planets.
Bara asked the listeners to consider that UFOs may have technology that is not thousands or hundreds of years ahead of us, but possibly only fifty.
Massive UFO Recovered Intact with Occupants in Aztec NM, Major Cover-up, Latest
Massive UFO Recovered Intact with Occupants in Aztec NM, Major Cover-up, Latest
You hit the nail right on the head Rex…..Awesome job, in search of the TRUTH! I’m right on board with you with what I’ve studied! The little Grays are just A/I, who worked for the mothership, with low IQ’s.
The Nazi’s were more involved with the Dracos, who guided them with alien technology in the making of the glock and flying saucers! The little people seem like they were interdimentional, and were a peaceful species! Charleen Sampson
Got to love it when a Channel actually talks about different things, oppose to beating a dead horse (Roswell re told over n over 😂.) Keep up the great work, I love tuning in. This was a good one. Later man, u got my thumbs up 👍🏾SB
Secret Base near possible crashed object close to the Heritage Range in Antarctica
Secret Base near possible crashed object close to the Heritage Range in Antarctica
We know that the government is covering up many things in Antarctica but now the ice melts it is really hard for them to cover it up anymore.
Near the Heritage Range in Antarctica seems to be a large base that is completely blurred out.
A large trail from the station leads to a huge strange object that at first sight looks like it crashed there a long time ago.
Without claiming that the object is a crashed UFO, we may wonder why the people who work at the station pay a lot of attention to the object, so what the government is trying to hide?
The base is about 470 x 260 meters. The bigger (black) part of the object is about 90 x 40 meters. Google Earth coordinates: 80°17'24.11"S 81°53'15.22"W
Untouched for 1,000 years, over 150 ritual artifacts were found in the cave at Balamku. (Karla Ortega, Great Mayan Aquifer Project, INAH)
A sealed and untouched Mayan “ritual” cave has been discovered in a truly momentous find. Sometimes you start out looking for something and, in the process, you find something else. That’s what happened to a group of archaeologists who were looking for a sacred well underneath the Mayan city of Chichen Itza, according to National Geographic.
While they were searching for the well, they found a collection of over 150 ritual objects that were hidden away for a millennium. The objects were hidden in a system of caves known as Balamku, ‘the Jaguar God.’ The discovery of the cave system was announced in Mexico City last March, by the National Institute of Archaeology and History.
Interestingly, it’s not the first time that anyone has found the cave system. It was first rediscovered in 1966 by local farmers. At the time, and archaeologist named Victor Segovia Pinto went in and took a look around, even going as far as writing a report that noted that there were a large number of artefacts the caves, but rather than being an excavation, Pinto had the farmers seal the entrance again, and any records related to the discovery disappeared.
Xavi Bros@Xavi_Bros
#Maya ritual cave of Balamku (Cave of the Jaguar God) ‘untouched’ for 1,000 years stuns archaeologists. More than 150 artifacts found there reveals ancient Maya religious practices: https://on.natgeo.com/2NIfuqS Images: Karla Ortega - National Geographic
It remained unknown and undisturbed until 2018, when it was rediscovered again. This time the Balamku was found by an explorer from National Geographic, along with his team. They were part of the Great Maya Aquifer Project, and were trying to find the water table beneath the Mayan city.
While he was creeping his way through a series of small tunnels, the explorer, Guillermo De Anda, suddenly came upon a sizable cache of vases, incense burners, and many other objects that had been left as offerings by the ancient people of Chichen Itza. Even more of a surprise, the collection was in a remarkable state of preservation, despite being surrounded by stalagmites.
Since De Anda found that first cache, seven chambers holding ritual offerings have been discovered in the caves. The chambers are deep under the city, and can presently only be accessed by traveling through a long series of tunnels, many of which are so narrow and low that researchers have to go through on their stomachs.
Despite the difficulty of getting to the chambers, the first archaeologist to visit the caves back in the ‘60s also clearly made the trip. His original report was finally found not very long ago by an archaeologist from University of California. That report noted that there were more than 150 objects in the cave, many of them bearing images of the Toltec rain god and other sacred symbols.
CARAA@CARAA_Center
Mexican archaeologists discover cave filled with near perfect Mayan ceramics. https://buff.ly/2H1fzpe
A similar cave was found not far away, back in 1959. It also held sacred objects, but less than half as many as at this site. That find was also more accessible. De Anda thinks that’s important. He remarked that while quantity isn’t more important than information, he found it telling that such a huge repository of artifacts was located in a place that was so hard to get to.
De Anda’s rediscovery of the find means that Modern archaeologists who specialize in Mayan culture may be able to learn some new things about the level of contact and interaction between different Mesoamerican cultures of the time, and other information about the history of the Mayan people prior to the city’s fall. None of that answers the question, however, of why Pinto decided to reseal the caves back in the ‘60s, rather than study them.
CARAA@CARAA_Center
Mexican archaeologists discover cave filled with near perfect Mayan ceramics. https://buff.ly/2H1fzpe
A similar cave was found not far away, back in 1959. It also held sacred objects, but less than half as many as at this site. That find was also more accessible. De Anda thinks that’s important. He remarked that while quantity isn’t more important than information, he found it telling that such a huge repository of artifacts was located in a place that was so hard to get to.
De Anda’s rediscovery of the find means that Modern archaeologists who specialize in Mayan culture may be able to learn some new things about the level of contact and interaction between different Mesoamerican cultures of the time, and other information about the history of the Mayan people prior to the city’s fall. None of that answers the question, however, of why Pinto decided to reseal the caves back in the ‘60s, rather than study them.
Historians do know that among the Mayan people, a ritual cave was considered entrances to the underworld, and were thus considered extremely sacred, even to the extent that they played a role in social organization and site planning, according to Mayan archaeology expert Holley Moyes.
The technology available to scientists has improved dramatically since the middle of the last century, which means that they may be able to get a lot more useful information by using methods like 3-D mapping. That information could help answer questions about not only the sorts of rituals that went on in the caves, but also about the city above them.
According to De Anda, it’s not currently known why Chichen Itza declined and fell, but Balamku should be able to help answer that question with its collection of artifacts and organic matter. It’s been speculated that the area was devastated by severe droughts. Some researchers further believe that the extreme weather cycles in the area were exacerbated by deforestation further south.
Once the contents of Mayan ritual cave have been fully catalogued and analysed, the actual circumstances of the time will be much clearer. In fact, it may even offer some insights into the sustainability of cultures during periods of environmental instability, which has modern-day applications, despite its historic roots.
Alien hunters have gone into a frenzy after spotting the pyramid shape in a huge crater on the Moon. The structure appears to have three sides and does look as if it could be man-made. YouTuber Pacitto Dominique spotted the pyramid in NASA satellite images of the Moon and quickly uploaded it to his channel.
Since then, it has attracted the interest of conspiracy theorists who are convinced the Moon structure holds connections to the Egyptian pyramids.
Prominent UFO enthusiast Scott C Waring described it as “convincing evidence of the existence of intelligent life on our moon.”
Mr Waring wrote on the ET Database: “A pyramid that sat in the centre of a giant crater. It was a three sided pyramid with a single dark window going along one side.
“So the question remains, is this definitive proof that the pyramids in Egypt were built by aliens from our moon? It seems so.”
Pyramid seen in NASA images of Moon -conspiracists CONVINCED it means aliens came to Egypt
(Image: ET DATABASE • GETTY)
This is not the first time a Moon-like structure has been found on the lunar surface.
Some conspiracy theorists claims the Moon could be occupied by aliens and that is the reason NASA has not returned since the Apollo missions ended in the Seventies.
They suspect findings such as this pyramid and other anomalies could be monuments built by an ancient alien civilisation similar to the pyramids and other structures on Earth.
However, sceptics and NASA say the pyramid and other similar findings are just the effects of pareidolia – a psychological phenomenon when the brain tricks the eyes into seeing familiar objects or shapes in patterns or textures such as a rock surface.
At the cosmic dawn, black holes grew big and strong by gobbling up gas for breakfast.
Gas halos surround some of the earliest galaxies in the universe, providing a reservoir of cool gas that fuels the growth of supermassive black holes.
Using the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT), astronomers observed these gas halos around galaxies that formed more than 12.5 billion years ago. The cool gas contained in these halos would be the perfect food for supermassive black holes, which are believed to lie at the center of most galaxies.
"We are now able to demonstrate, for the first time, that primordial galaxies do have enough food in their environments to sustain both the growth of supermassive black holes and vigorous star formation," Emanuele Paolo Farina, lead author of the study from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany, said in a statement. "This adds a fundamental piece to the puzzle that astronomers are building to picture how cosmic structures formed more than 12 billion years ago."
An artist's impression of a gas halo surrounding a quasar in the early universe. The quasar has a supermassive black hole at its center and two powerful jets. The gas halo surrounding the quasar consists of cool, dense hydrogen gas. (Image credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser)
Black holes feed on dust and gas from their surrounding galaxies, allowing them to grow in size. Therefore, observing the halos of cool gas around these distant galaxies may help explain how supermassive black holes were able to grow so large, so quickly in the early universe, according to the statement.
"The presence of these early monsters, with masses several billion times the mass of our sun, is a big mystery," Farina said, adding that astronomers have not previously found a reservoir of gas and dust large enough to support the rapid growth of primordial black holes.
Using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument on ESO's VLT, the astronomers studied 31 quasars — extremely bright objects powered by an active supermassive black hole in their centers — that formed 12.5 billion years ago, during the early years of the universe.
Twelve of those quasars were surrounded by reservoirs of cool, dense hydrogen gas stretching about 100,000 light-years from their central black holes. These gas halos, which are billions of times the mass of the sun, are believed to be tightly bound to their galaxies, making them "the perfect food source to sustain both the growth of supermassive black holes and vigorous star formation," ESO said in the statement.
"In a matter of a few hours per target, we were able to delve into the surroundings of the most massive and voracious black holes present in the young universe," Farina said in the statement.
Science journal Naturejust released its "Ten People Who Mattered in Science in 2019" list, and it features some people who you should get to know. There are also some people who aren't on the list but we thought it would be a good idea to include.
1.Quantum computer builder - John Martinis
Physicist John Martinis works both at Google and the University of California, Santa Barbara. He has spent the last 17 years fine-tuning the hardware that is Google's first quantum computer — Sycamore.
Sycamore is comprised of superconducting units known as qubits. They are quantum systems that can simultaneously represent zeros, ones, or any point in between. The vast power of quantum computing will someday allow computers to do things that are not possible today, such as searching previously unsearchable databases and cracking encryption.
2. Protector of the Amazon - Ricardo Galvão
Ricardo Galvão is a fusion physics professor who, until July 2019, was head of Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in São Paulo. The organization uses satellite imagery to gauge the amount of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin.
After INPE released a report on July 19, 2019, Brazil's president, Jair Bolsonaro, accused its scientists of lying, and Galvão of being in cahoots with environmentalists. The 72-year-old Galvão was stunned by the accusation.
Weeks later, just as the burning season began in the Amazon, Galvão was relieved of his position. Farmers burn the rain forest to clear land for agriculture, and President Bolsonaro’s anti-environmental stance has allowed them to do it with impunity.
Figures released by INPE on November 18, 2019, showed that 9.762 square kilometers (3769 sq miles) of land had been cleared just between August 2018 and July 2019.
Since being fired, Galvão has returned to doing fusion research at the University of São Paulo.
3.The first image of a black hole - Katie Bouman
When the 2014 movie Interstellar came out, audiences were blown away by the image of the black hole at the heart of the story. Far from being entirely black, this black hole was surrounded by halos of light, and it was the brainchild of visual effects company Double Negative VFX and the astrophysicist Kip Thorne. Thorne was one of the recipients of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics.
A year before Interstellar came out, a group of some 200 researchers began trying to image a black hole using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a network of 8 radio telescopes scattered around the globe.
Joining that group was a 23-year-old Ph.D. student in computer science and artificial intelligence at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) named Katie Bouman. Bouman was tasked with creating an algorithm that would analyze the data coming from the various telescopes and turn it into an image of a black hole.
In April 2019, the result of all that hard work was announced when the first image of a black hole popping up on Bouman's computer screen was released to the world. And, just as predicted by Thorne, the black hole was outlined by light.
The Spectator Index@spectatorindex
IMAGE: Reaction of Katie Bouman, who led the creation of an algorithm to produce first image of black hole.
In southern British Columbia sits CHIME, the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment. It sounds like it has a pretty prosaic intent, mapping hydrogen emissions from distant galaxies, but it is actually doing something much more interesting.
CHIME is searching the Universe for fast radio bursts (FRBs), which are mysterious flashes of radio energy. So far, CHIME has discovered hundreds of bursts, more than any other telescope.
The first FRB wasn't discovered until 2007, and in 2013, four more flashes were found. Kaspi, whose area of expertise is neutron stars, and who is an astrophysicist at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, realized that CHIME could not only study fast-rotating neutron stars, it could also detect FRBs.
But first, CHIME would have to be upgraded because 16,000 different frequencies would have to be gathered 1,000 times per second. Kaspi went to work networking and seeking additional funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation.
In 2016, for her efforts, Kaspi was awarded Canada's highest science prize, the Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering. She used the $760,000 prize money to hire students and postdocs for CHIME.
In 2019, Kaspi landed a $2.4 million grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to build additional "outrigger" telescopes 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) away from CHIME to aid in pinpointing FRBs.
5. Bringing brains back to life - Nenad Sestan
In 2016, researchers at the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut were working with dead pigs' brains in an effort to learn how to better preserve human brain tissue for research.
The researchers infused the dead pigs' brains with ice-cold preservatives and oxygen, and amazingly, the organs began to show widespread electrical activity, which might indicate consciousness.
Sestan immediately shut down the experiment and contacted the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), which funds his research, and bioethicists at Yale. Before restarting the experiment, Sestan's team anesthetized the pigs' brains to prevent neurons from firing in unison, a precursor to consciousness.
Sestan's research showed that brains that suffer oxygen deprivation are not damaged nearly as badly as previously thought. Despite concerns from animal-rights activists, Sestan wants to continue his research, but he says any future research will be decided by a committee. Sestan told Nature, "When you explore uncharted territory, you have to be very, very thoughtful."
6. Protecting the world's biodiversity - Sandra Díaz
On May 4, 2019, Sandra Díaz, along with 144 other scientists, announced their findings on the world's biodiversity. The conclusions of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) were explosive: due to human activities, 1 million species are heading toward extinction.
As one of the group's three co-chairs, Díaz, who is an econologist at Argentina’s National University of Córdoba, coordinated the work done by experts in 51 countries.
Their conclusion states that nations must make huge changes in their economies. Díaz told Nature, "We cannot live a fulfilling life, a life as we know it, without nature." Díaz remains optimistic however, because she says, "there is no Plan B."
7. Ebola warrior - Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum
As a young man in 1976, Muyembe Tamfum traveled to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in response to an outbreak of a new disease.
Around him, nurses were dying, and Muyembe Tamfum noticed that when he took blood samples from patients, the punctures continued to bleed. Welcome to Ebola.
In August 2018, a new outbreak of the disease began that has since killed over 2,200 people. In July 2019, Muyembe Tamfum was assigned to lead a response.
Muyembe Tamfum's approach is to get communities to trust him, to respectfully bury the dead in a way that minimizes the spread of infection, and to search for effective drugs and vaccines.
His most recent breakthrough is the use of antibody-based drugs, especially mAb114, which is derived from a survivor of a 1995 Ebola outbreak.
Before he retires, Muyembe Tamfum wants to find one last puzzle piece — the animal that serves as Ebola's vector. A vector is a living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal to a human or another animal. Vectors are frequently arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, flies, fleas, and lice.
8. Shaking our family tree - Yohannes Haile-Selassie
In February 2016, a goat herder found a jawbone in the northern Woranso-Mille area of the Ethiopian desert. Following right behind the goat herder was Yohannes Haile-Selassie, a palaeoanthropologist at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in Ohio.
Lying 3 meters away from the jawbone was a skull, and together, they formed a nearly complete hominin skull dating to 3.8 million years ago. Most importantly, the skull and jawbone belonged to the oldest and most elusive of all known human relatives — Australopithecus anamensis.
Announced to the world in August 2019, the skull, known as MRD, is from the Pliocene Era, between 5.3 million and 2.6 million years ago, a period that was empty of fossils, and MRD has shaken up our family tree.
Previously, researchers had thought that Lucy, the 3.2-million-year-old fossil of species Australopithecus afarensis had evolved from Australopithecus anamensis, but MRD's features suggest that A. anamensis and A. afarensis overlapped for at least 100,000 years.
Haile-Selassie has celebrated MRD's discovery by getting a license plate with that designation.
9. Climate warrior - Greta Thunberg
On December 12, 2019, President Donald Trump put out the following tweet about Swedish 16-year-old Greta Thunberg: "Greta must work on her Anger Management problem, then go to a good old-fashioned movie with a friend! Chill Greta, Chill!"
What's making Thunberg, who has Asperger's syndrome, angry is climate change. In September 2019, Thunberg addressed a U.S. Congressional hearing on climate change, telling the Congressmen: "I don’t want you to listen to me, I want you to listen to the scientists. I want you to unite behind the science and I want you to take real action."
In July 2019, German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that Thunberg's protests "drove us to act" when Merkel announced sweeping measures to reduce carbon emissions. In December 2019, Time Magazine named Thunberg its Time Person of the Year, and placed her on its cover.
This possibly rankled President Trump who has long displayed a fake Time Magazine cover featuring himself at several of his golf clubs, including Doral, Florida, Loudoun County, Virgina, Doonbeg, Ireland, and Turnberry in Scotland.
Thunberg's greatest contribution has been her mobilization of young people to protest climate change. Thunberg organized a "school strike for the climate," and on March 15, 2019, an estimated 1.4 million students from 112 countries joined Thunberg and walked out of their classrooms for a day.
Students marched across Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, South Korea, Philippines, India, Mauritius, Nigeria, Kenya, Luxembourg, Italy, France, Sweden, Spain, Iceland, Ukraine, Canada, Mexico, Panama, Chile, Poland, the Czech Republic, Israel, and South Africa.
10. CRISPR–Cas9 gene-editing system - Hongkui Deng
In 2019, at his laboratory at Peking University in Beijing, Hongkui Deng showed that CRISPR–Cas9 gene-editing can be used to create immune cells impervious to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
Doctors had determined in the 1990s that those people who have a genetic mutation that disables CCR5, a protein that HIV uses to infect immune cells, were immune to HIV. Deng decided to try to edit CCR5 directly using CRISPR–Cas9.
Deng's test on a patient showed that CRISPR–Cas9 edited cells were safe when included in bone-marrow transplants and that the modified cells persisted in the patient's blood.
A biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, Fyodor Urnov, announced that he thought that Deng's approach was premature, but Deng hopes to continue his work.
11. Making sure transplants are ethical - Wendy Rogers
In February 2019, Wendy Rogers, who is a bioethicist at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, blew the lid off the practice of using non-consenting donors for organ transplants in China.
Rogers' team's report prompted Chinese researchers to retract more than two dozen reports of transplants that had been published in professional journals. The journal PLoS ONE retracted 19 of the 21 papers it published, and the journal Transplantation retracted 7.
Rogers activism stemmed from a 2016 conference at which the documentary Hard to Believe was screened. It showed forced organ donations by political prisoners in China. Rogers and her team found over 400 instances in which organs from prisoners were probably used between the years 2001 and 2017.
Image captionSome astronomers suggest the star was two bright objects 'in conjunction'
It might seem churlish to dissect such an enduring image of Christmas as the star of Bethlehem, but a quiet astronomical debate has been bubbling away for decades. Could some real cosmic event have drawn "three wise men" on a journey to find a newborn king?
This debate requires one very big assumption - that the story of the star and the journey is true.
Having spent many years studying the astronomical explanations and reviewing the associated biblical stories, he is now an expert on the subject.
But there are some intriguing historical parallels.
The three kings were religious scholars known as the Magi - revered Babylonian astronomers and astrologists. They studied the stars and planets, interpreting the meaning behind cosmic events.
Anything very unusual was considered an omen, so the star must have been both rare and visually spectacular. And, says Hughes, it would have had a very clear message for the Magi.
This leads the astronomer to conclude that the star of Bethlehem was probably not a star at all, and that it was more than one single event.
"If you read the Bible carefully," says Hughes, "the Magi saw something when they were in their own country - [probably Babylon] - so they travelled to Jerusalem and had a word with King Herod."
According to the story, the Magi told Herod of the sign they had seen and, says Hughes, "when they left Jerusalem [for] Bethlehem, they saw something again".
Hughes's best explanation for this series of events is something known as a triple conjunction between Jupiter and Saturn - with the two planets coming close together in the sky three times over a short period.
"[This happens when] you get an alignment between the Sun, the Earth, Jupiter and Saturn," says Hughes.
Tim O'Brien, associate director of Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire, suggests this would have looked striking. "It's remarkable how much your attention is drawn when two very bright objects come together in the sky," he explains.
And once the planets lined up in their orbits, Earth would "overtake" the others, meaning that Jupiter and Saturn would appear to change direction in the night sky.
"At that time, people would have set great store by the motions of the planets," says O'Brien.
Even more significantly, the event is believed to have been in the constellation Pisces, which represents one of the signs of the zodiac.
"You would [only] get a triple conjunction like this about every 900 years," he says, so for astronomers in Babylon 2,000 years ago, it would have been a signal of something very significant.
"A triple conjunction of this kind ticks all the boxes."
The second favoured explanation is a very bright comet.
While certainly spectacular and ethereal in appearance, comets are essentially "big, dirty snowballs" flying through space.
"When they come close to the Sun, this ice melts - solar wind blows this material out into space, so you get a tail of matter coming off the comet," explains O'Brien.
Image captionComets can appear to "stand over" the horizon
This tail, which points away from the Sun, is one of the things that has made the comet idea popular, explains Hughes.
"Quite a few people have said that comets seem to 'stand over' the Earth, because of their coma and tail sometimes looking like an arrow," says Hughes.
The most timely record was of a bright comet appearing in the constellation of Capricorn in 5BC, which was recorded by astronomers in China.
A less likely, but more famous candidate was Halley's comet, which was visible around 12BC.
Those who favour this theory point out that the 5BC comet would have been in the southern sky as seen from Jerusalem, with the head of the comet close to the horizon and the tail is pointing vertically upward.
"Quite a lot of people liked the comet idea, so it crops up in quite a lot of Christmas cards," says Hughes.
"The snag is that they're not that rare. They were also commonly associated with the 'four Ds' - doom, death, disease and disaster," he suggests. "So if it did contain a message, it would have been a bad omen."
Another theory is that the star was light from the birth of a new star, or nova.
There are records - again from astronomers in the Far East - of a new star in the small, northern constellation of Aquila in 4BC.
Hughes says: "People who like this theory say this new star would have been [positioned] directly over Jerusalem."
A new star, or nova, could have given the three wise men something to follow
"It can 'appear' as a new star in a constellation, and fade again over the following months," he explains.
"It is also not too bright, explaining why we don't have any records of it in the west." Cockcroft suggests that this might also have given the three wise men something to follow.
While other "omens" would have been needed to cause the Magi to set out on their journey west to Jerusalem, he says , it would take them months to get there, "by which time Aquila [and the new star could have] risen in the sky to appear in the south.
"Bethlehem lies due south of Jerusalem, so that Magi could 'follow' the star to Bethlehem."
Other more improbable but entertaining theories have been proposed over the years, says Hughes.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
