The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
15-07-2020
Ancient Ruin found on Mars appears scattered due to disaster that hit the region in the past
Ancient Ruin found on Mars appears scattered due to disaster that hit the region in the past
An ancient ruin has been discovered in Melas Mensa on Mars. The ruin appears to be in a state of decay. Seen are what looks like tiles/slabs and megalithic blocks. The structure which is 40 meters across and 20 meters width seems to have openings.
Another structures located in Nili Fossae on Mars appear to have features as the ancient ruin in Melas Mensa. They also seem to have openings as well as a huge pyramidal structure is situated directly next to one of the structured anomalies.
There are also megalithic blocks/slabs surrounding the pyramidal structure and a hole nearby has a circular, disc-shaped artifact sticking out of it.
The structures discovered by Jean Ward are not only strong evidence that Mars was once inhabited by intelligent civilizations but it shows us also that all the structures/ruins appear scattered due to some catastrophe/disaster that hit the region in the past, possible caused by an interplanetary nuclear war which took place on Mars and wiped out any civilization on the planet.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Multiple UFOs emerging from The Dark Side of the Moon
Multiple UFOs emerging from The Dark Side of the Moon
Multiple UFOs emerging from the dark side of the moon on which they then cross the moon.
The footage also shows that the UFOs flying extremely close to the moon casting convincing shadows on the lunar surface before they disappear into space again.
It is unclear whether these unidentified flying objects were en route or ascended from a base on the dark side of the moon.
The UFO footage captured by sky-watcher Herfordshire Alootment Life on July 12, 2020 starts at about the 1 minute mark.
Other videos about the dark side of the moon, selected and posted by pater2011
Saw a round object in the sky. Appeared to be reflecting light. We were camping in Unicoi County, TN and saw a round light in the sky. It seemed to be hovering in place as clouds moved below the object. Took pictures with phone and then with 300mm digital camera. When zooming in there appears to be a chevron in the middle of a circle with a glowing edge.
Check out this amazing book about the top 10 UFO cases in the history.
Daytime UFO video: Flying saucer over Red Lodge, Montana 2-Jul-2020
Daytime UFO video:Flying saucer over Red Lodge, Montana2-Jul-2020
New daytime footage of a flying saucer hovering high in the sky above Red Lodge in Montana. This happened on 2nd July 2020.
Witness report:
Translucent, tic tac like ufo photographed and filmed in Montana. On July 2nd, at 4pm, on a very sunny day, with just a couple clouds, I saw something strange in the sky that looked like stars. There were about 4-5 of them lined up in a star like pattern. Frustrated with poor quality iPhone photos, I went inside my shop and got my HD Canon camera, 210 mm telephoto lens and Tripod.Once I got a good photo I knew I was looking at something out of this world. I could only really see it with the telephoto lens. To my eyes, it just looked like a dot.So I started taking as many photos and video as I could. I was able to take photographs of two UAP’s. The first was further away and the second was closer.The closest one was the easiest to film. Once I started filming it, I could see the object was slowly drifting to the East. Maintaining the same elevation it looked like. It drifted slower than the occasional cloud that drifted by. You can see this in the video.
Fortunately, I filmed the object centered in between a telephone wire and telephone pole was a sense of distance and size.I filmed until my camera died at 4:31 pm. The objects were still slowly drifting just north of town when I had to go back to work. They were gone when I was done with work at 5.I learned more about the object while editing the photos and videos in post.
In adobe premiere, I was able to zoom in enough on the object to see that it was rotating, pulsing, changing shape slightly, morphing, etc.I made a video and have just recently uploaded it to YouTube. I document my experience as best I can in the vid and show all the photos and videos I took.It was in the editing process that I realized this could be one of the tic tac ufos. The thing sounds like the pilots describe.I would appreciate y’all investigating this further.
Don’t forget to follow us on Youtube for the latest UFO videos.
It started with a spring breeze. The Opportunity rover watched with its robotic eyes as the wind blowing through Perseverance Valley kicked puffs of rusty Mars dust into the air. In more than 14 Earth years of exploring the Red Planet, the rover had seen plenty of this kind of weather.
But the dust grew thicker. Small flecks swirled like wildfire smoke through the atmosphere, turning sun-filled midday into dusk, then night. Within a week, the dust storm spanned more than twice the area of the contiguous United States and eventually encircled the whole planet, allowing just 5 percent of the normal amount of light to reach Opportunity’s solar panels. The rover went quiet.
“It got so bad so quickly, we didn’t even have time to react,” says Keri Bean of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. Bean had joined Opportunity’s rover-operating team just before that May 2018 storm.
Dust storms like that one, which snuffed out Opportunity for good, are the most dramatic and least predictable events on the Red Planet (SN: 3/16/19, p. 7). Such storms can make the nail-biting process of landing on Mars even more dangerous and could certainly make life difficult for future human explorers.
Despite almost 50 years of study, scientists are missing some key data that would help explain how dust gets kicked into the air to form planet-wide storms and what keeps it circulating for weeks or months at a time.
“We just do not understand how dust storms form on Mars,” says planetary meteorologist Scott Guzewich of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. History has shown that certain regions and seasons are more prone to dust than others. “Other than that, we’re … blind.”
Mars missions set to launch this summer, from the United States, China and the United Arab Emirates, will help solve that pressing mystery. NASA’s new rover, Perseverance, will carry a suite of weather sensors called MEDA, for Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer. Those sensors will build on decades of Mars exploration and fill in missing puzzle pieces.
“Predicting dust is the ultimate goal” for MEDA, says planetary scientist Germán Martínez of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston. The data MEDA will collect will be “the most substantial contribution to this topic so far.”
Dust, dust everywhere
Dust is as important to weather on Mars as water is on Earth. With no oceans, scant water vapor and a thin atmosphere, Martian weather can be monotonously calm for about half the Martian year, which lasts close to 687 Earth days. But when the Red Planet’s orbit brings it closer to the sun, dust storm season begins.
In the 10-month dusty season, which corresponds to spring and summer in the southern hemisphere, extra sunlight warms the atmosphere. That warmth generates strong winds as air moves from warm to cool regions. Those winds lift more dust, which absorbs sunlight and warms the atmosphere, generating still stronger winds, which lift even more dust.
There is a season
Mars’ dusty season lasts from the start of southern spring to the end of southern summer (thicker blue line), when the Red Planet orbits closest to the sun. The extra sunlight warms the atmosphere, setting off a feedback loop that can lift dust into the sky and send it circulating around the globe.
UNIVERSAL IMAGES GROUP NORTH AMERICA LLC/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
The storms come in a range of sizes: Local storms can cover an area about the size of Alaska and last up to three Martian days (each of which lasts about 24.5 hours); global storms can engulf the planet for months. The storm that defeated Opportunity raged from the end of May through late July. Such global storms probably result when several smaller storms merge.
Global dust storms have affected Mars exploration since the arrival of the first long-term robotic visitor in 1971, when NASA’s Mariner 9 orbiter found the planet’s surface entirely obscured. Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, both survived a global dust storm in 2007, yet a large regional dust storm ended the Phoenix lander’s mission in 2008.
There has never been a Mars mission that didn’t worry about dust.
A farmer’s almanac
Luckily, Mariner 9 was an orbiter, with no plans to land. It just had to wait for the skies to clear to start snapping pictures of the Martian surface. But the same 1971 storm is probably to blame for vanquishing two Soviet landers that arrived at almost the same time.
Spacecraft that must land to do their work can’t just wait for better timing. Launch windows for missions between Earth and Mars open only every 26 months or so. Engineers who design landing systems need to know what conditions a spacecraft will face when it gets there, says Allen Chen of the Jet Propulsion Lab, who leads the entry, descent and landing for Perseverance.
The most important factor is the density of the atmosphere. Even though Mars’ atmosphere exerts just 1 percent of the pressure of Earth’s on the planet’s surface, both the thin Martian air and the wind blowing through it slow down the spacecraft and affect where it lands, Chen says.
Perseverance will take pictures of the ground while parachuting through the atmosphere and match the images to an onboard map made with images from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Based on those details, an in-flight navigation system will steer the rover to a safe landing spot, helping the rover touch down within an area 25 kilometers wide — the most precise Mars landing ever.
“But that’s dependent on being able to see the ground,” Chen says, without dust obscuring the view.
To land a rover, engineers like Chen rely on forecasts that use the past to tell the future — similar to weather forecasts on Earth, but with less data. Atmospheric scientist Bruce Cantor of Malin Space Science Systems in San Diego, a self-described Mars weatherman, put out a Mars weather report every week until September 2019. His forecasts are based on statistics and historical data, mostly taken from orbit. “It’s almost like a farmer’s almanac in my head,” he says.
Cantor’s forecasts for Mars landings since 1999 have been “pretty accurate,” he says, and he boasts that he predicted the storm that ended the Phoenix mission to within three days. More accuracy wouldn’t have saved Phoenix, he says. The lander’s batteries were already low from low winter sunlight levels and the buildup of dust on the solar panels. “It was just a matter of what storm was going to be the mission-ending one,” he says.
He foresees clear skies for Perseverance’s touchdown in February 2021. Based on the season and weather patterns in the past, the probability of a dust storm hitting within 1,000 kilometers of the center of Perseverance’s landing area is less than 2 percent, Cantor and colleagues reported in the journal Icarus in March 2019.
But just in case, Chen’s team trained the navigation system to “deal with it being pretty darn dusty,” Chen says.
A constellation of weather stations
As Mars missions get more complex, and especially as NASA and other groups contemplate sending human explorers, being able to prepare for dust storms takes on extra urgency.
“Someday, somebody is going to go to Mars, and they’re going to want to know when and where storms occur,” Cantor says. “That’s when this stuff becomes really important.”
Cantor would know. Well over a decade ago, while testing a different rover system in Southern California, he jumped into a 2-meter-tall dust devil just to see what it would feel like. “Not one of my smartest moves,” he says. He wasn’t injured, but “it did not feel good. It felt like getting sandblasted.”
Martian astronauts would be protected by more than shorts and a T-shirt, but dust could easily invade human habitats and clog air filters — or damage astronauts’ lungs if they breathe it in. The dust may even carry poisonous and carcinogenic materials that could make astronauts ill over the course of a mission.
Astronauts will need to know when to stay inside. Part of the problem in predicting storms is a sheer lack of data. For Earth’s weather, meteorologists use thousands of ground-based weather stations, plus data from satellites, balloons and airplanes. Mars has only six active satellites, run by NASA and the European and Indian space agencies. And just two sets of weather instruments report from Mars’ surface: one on the Curiosity rover, which has been collecting data since 2012 (SN: 5/2/15, p. 24), and a nearly identical set that arrived with the InSight lander in 2018.
Collecting dust
More than seven Earth years in the Red Planet’s dusty atmosphere has taken its toll on the Curiosity rover, shown in “selfies” the rover took in October 2012 (the 84th Martian day of its mission, left) and in February 2020 (Martian day 2,687, right).
JPL-CALTECH/NASA, MALIN SPACE SCIENCE SYSTEMS
But those two spacecraft are practically neighbors, a big weakness for understanding the whole planet. “It’d be like having one of your weather stations in D.C. and the other in Buffalo,” Guzewich says.
Perseverance will help fill in the gaps. So might China’s first Mars rover, Tianwen-1, set to launch in July with an instrument to measure air temperature, pressure and wind. The Russian and European ExoMars mission, scheduled to launch in 2022, includes a lander called Kazachok equipped with meteorology and dust sensors (SN Online: 3/12/20).
From the air, the UAE’s Emirates Mars Mission, known as Hope, will observe weather, including storms, and how the atmosphere interacts with the ground. Over one Martian year in orbit, Hope will help build a global picture of how the atmosphere changes day to day and between the seasons.
Just having a few more weather stations will be a big boost, says José A. Rodríguez Manfredi of the Center for Astrobiology in Madrid, principal investigator for MEDA, the weather sensors on Perseverance. “We will have a mini network working on Mars in a few years.”
But four or five weather stations on the ground probably won’t be enough. To reliably predict dust storms, what Mars scientists need is a global network collecting data all the time.
To cut down on the cost of such a network, Guzewich suggests figuring out which measurements “would give us the most bang for our buck.” For Earth, NASA and other agencies use a type of study called an Observing System Simulation Experiment to figure out which variables are most important for predicting the weather. Satellites are then designed to focus on those most valuable observations. Such a study has never been done for Mars, but the only obstacle is funding, Guzewich says.
“Mars atmospheric scientists have been clamoring” for such experiments, he says. “We’re not going to reproduce Earth’s observing network before humans go to Mars. It’s not going to happen…. But maybe we could do something that is financially and technologically reasonable that really does make a difference and gets us to the point where we can predict the future a couple days in advance.”
China’s space agency plans to launch its first Mars mission, called Tianwen-1, in July. Its rover (illustrated atop the lander) will measure air temperature, pressure and wind, among other things.XINHUA
Blowing in the wind
Mars forecasts also suffer from a lack of fundamental information, Martínez says. How hard does the wind have to blow to lift the dust? And what does the dust do once it’s airborne?
This is where Perseverance will shine. The rover will make the best direct measurements yet of wind speed and direction on Mars, especially the vertical wind that lifts dust upward.
For a long time, scientists struggled to understand how dust was lifted into the air at all. “It seemed like it couldn’t be possible,” Guzewich says. “The atmosphere is so thin, a single particle of dust or sand is so heavy, it just shouldn’t work.” Observations and experiments over the last 20 years suggest that once sand grains start bouncing along the surface, they can knock into other grains and knock smaller particles upward. But it’s still not possible to tell which of those bouncing grains will lead to a storm — or which of those storms will go global.
Mars climatologists have tried to make detailed wind measurements for decades, Martínez says, but have hit several stretches of bad luck. Only five surface missions — the Viking 1 and 2 landers in 1976, the Pathfinder lander in 1997 and the ongoing Curiosity and InSight missions — have provided useful data on wind speed and direction near the surface. And even those have had mixed results.
NASA’s InSight lander, shown here in a mosaic of selfies the spacecraft took, carries a set of weather sensors called TWINS, or Temperature and Wind for InSight. The lander is one of just two weather stations on the Martian surface. Mars atmospheric scientists say they need more to predict dangerous dust storms.JPL-CALTECH/NASA
“Arguably, the best wind record on Mars is still the one from the Vikings, 40 years ago,” Martínez says. Curiosity was supposed to take direct wind measurements in all directions with a pair of electrically heated booms that jutted away from the rover’s neck. “We had great expectations,” Martínez says.
But photos the rover took of itself showed that one boom was damaged as the rover landed, and out of commission. For the first 1,490 Martian days of Curiosity’s mission, the rover could take measurements only when the wind was blowing head on. Then, in October 2016, the second boom broke. In April, researchers suggested a way to hack Curiosity’s temperature sensors to get wind data, but there’s no plan to use that hack at the moment, Guzewich says.
That leaves InSight, but its wind readings are muddled by other parts of the lander getting in the way of airflow. The readings are still useful, but the MEDA team hopes to do better.
Taking lessons from InSight and Curiosity, Perseverance’s MEDA will have more wind sensors that reach farther from the rover’s body. The sensors will be protected by a shield until after the rover has landed safely.
“We are very excited,” Martínez says. “The vertical wind has never been measured before on Mars. We’re going to do that.”
Measuring wind speeds will help scientists determine how hard the wind must blow to kick up dust, the first step in triggering a dust storm.
That figure has personal resonance for Bean, the former Opportunity rover operator. Her first shift was exactly two weeks before the mission-ending global dust storm. She told the rover to use its arm to brush the surface of a rock.
“My coworkers blamed me for starting a whole butterfly effect,” she says. “You brushed the surface,” they joked, “the dust went up, you started the whole dust storm.”
In its end-of-mission report, the Opportunity team admits it will never really know what ended Opportunity’s nearly 15-year run. One possibility is that the dust grew too thick on the solar panels for gentle wind in the calm season to blow the dust off.
One potential fix would be to design future rovers to vibrate their solar panels fast enough to make dust skitter off, Bean says. Once humans are on the planet, they could just clear dust with their arms.
A week or so before Opportunity was officially declared lost, Bean decided to memorialize the rover. “I’d always liked tattoos, but nothing ever spoke to me,” she says. In college, she had studied Mars’ atmospheric opacity — the amount of light that can penetrate an atmosphere’s dust, represented by the Greek letter τ. So Bean got a tattoo on her arm of the last measurement Opportunity sent to Earth: “τ=10.8.” That stands for a night-dark sky in the middle of the day.
This visualization shows the moon being formed from a collision, which, according to a new study, happened more recently than scientists previously thought. (Image credit: Ron Miller)
It turns out the moon is a little younger than scientists previously thought — about 85 million years younger, to be precise.
In a new study, researchers at the German Aerospace Center found out that, not only did the moon once have a massive, fiery magma ocean, but our rocky satellite also formed later than scientists previously expected.
Billions of years ago, a Mars-size protoplanet smashed into the young Earth and, amid the debris and cosmic rubble, a new rocky body formed — our moon. In this new work, the researchers reconstructed the timeline of the moon's formation. While scientists have previously thought that this moon-forming collision happened 4.51 billion years ago, the new work pegged the moon's birth at only 4.425 billion years ago.
To determine this 85-million-year error in the moon's age, the team used mathematical models to calculate the composition of the moon over time. Based on the idea that the moon was host to a massive magma ocean, the researchers calculated how the minerals that formed as the magma cooled solidified changed over time. By following the timeline of the magma ocean, the scientists were able to trace their way back to the moon's formation.
"By comparing the measured composition of the moon's rocks with the predicted composition of the magma ocean from our model, we were able to trace the evolution of the ocean back to its starting point, the time at which the moon was formed," study co-author Sabrina Schwinger, a researcher at the German Aerospace Center, said in a statement.
These findings, which show that the moon formed 4.425 billion years ago (give or take 25 million years), agree with previous research that aligned the moon's formation with the formation of Earth's metallic core, according to the statement.
"This is the first time that the age of the moon can be directly linked to an event that occurred at the very end of the Earth's formation, namely the formation of the core," Thorsten Kleine, a professor at the Institute of Planetology at the University of Münster in Germany, said in the same statement.
Denver, CO 7/8/20 Incredibly bright saucer that would completely disappear for minutes and then come back big and bright. Shape seemed to change but overall looked like a small ball and large saucer. Beams of light were 3-5 shining down and 1 shining upward. White and orange light, beams were green and blue. Many stars were out and this was significantly larger, brighter and busier than any other star. I opened my star gazing app to map the object which did briefly have a rocket flying near its path. The rocket was never visible to our eyes or camera. Saturn and Jupiter are visible this time of year but they were about 20 degrees east and still too low in the horizon to identify.
Torquay Devon England – 7th of July 2020 I was looking down from the cliffs at Torquay and the view was absolutely stunning I could see for miles around the area. I took a load of photographs of the coastline and the sea before I turned my attention towards the two cruise ships that were anchored just off from Hopes Nose. I zoomed in on the carnival magic cruise ship with my Nikon P900 camera and just as I was in the process of taking some photographs an unidentified object flew right over the ship before it flew directly into the sea and disappeared from view. The object did not even cause a splash as it entered the sea which I thought was rather odd. I could hardly believe what I had just witnessed. I immediately looked at the camera’s view screen and flicked through the set of photographs that I had just taken. I could see that I had indeed managed to capture the unidentified object in one of the photographs. The object was sphere shaped and appeared to have some type of force field surrounding it. I believe that this was how the object was able to enter the sea at high speed without causing a splash. Whatever this sphere shaped object was it sure was moving fast and it really was just sheer luck that I was able to capture it in a photograph. This is why I always keep my Nikon P900 camera set to burst mode with a high shutter speed. I was really chuffed that I had managed to capture an unidentified flying object right above the carnival magic cruise ship. The photograph was taken at 4:47 PM on the 7th of July 2020, at Torquay Devon England. All the best john.
Carson city, Nevada – July 2020 Hey there. I moved up to Carson city recently. And I wanted to share what a friend and myself saw tonight. And maybe you will have a better idea what it is. We were hanging out on a dirt road high up elevation just enjoying the night/stars. All of a sudden we saw a reddish light emitting from a triangle shape. Not big like a ship though, more like a drone. It hovered above us the whole night for over two-three hours. I will send that video. Over. It’s weird how it doesn’t pick up the reddish light source but definitely catches the orb like object. We saw a couple other ones that were similar but these more star looking. I got pics and a video of these ones as well. I just came from visiting Tucson and swear I saw a couple there as well. But i was smart enough to get proof this time. I’ll send those pics and videos. But also. The moon has been very weird to me. How it’s shaped and it’s energy. Well it was missing all night. Figured it was just hiding out behind a mountain. After all these encounters we had we were looking towards the city and a bright portal of orange/yellow light starts expanding right in front of us. Just near where the first reddish object was. I was in awe, not understanding what we were noticing. It was the moon. It came out of nowhere. Literally no where. It was also rather large and weird shaped with a huge goldish aura. If I was alone I would second guess myself, but I had my friend there with me seeing all the same things I was. I finally had video and picture proof and a friend who was just as puzzled as I was. I’ll send them over so u can take a look. Just remember that the video and pics won’t catch the light source of these objects at all. So imagine these being bright in the night sky. Some reddish triangle ones (one hovering for hours) and other green/white star looking ones that would stick around for maybe five minutes before disappearing. I thought u would appreciate knowing what’s going on right now. But after seeing similar stuff in Tucson recently I think it may be becoming more common. Thanks Sarah. I know you’re busy but I’d appreciate any feedback on what u think these are snd even some other like minded individuals I could send them to. Zoom in on that and watch the object blink. And move around. Outside the video it looked like a greenish star. And that was the moon showing up out of nowhere after it was missing all night long. It wasn’t hiding behind the mountain and there wasn’t a cloud in the sky. It happened right in front of our eyes. It formed the weirdest portal like bright light shape and eventually after about thirty seconds My friend and I realized it was the moon. We honestly were in awe at first because in reality none of this was adding up. It stayed really big with that really orange color. U can see how in the first video I took there was no moon above the city. It’s the same exact angle as that first video. What is going on with the moon?!
Waynesboro, PA – 4th July 2020 While watching fireworks with my wife and son, in Waynesboro, PA, we observed this object coming from the NE area (South Mountain) moving rather slowly, it stood out, as it had a very ‘golden’ hue about it. Sorry about the quality, shot with an iPhone. I do have add’l photos. Interestingly, there was a similar sighting in 2014, on the same day!
Toronto – July 1, 2020 Bright clear round spot much larger than the stars in the sky seen looking across lake Ontario towards Buffalo, NY area from Toronto, Ontario. Although a great distant away it appeared to move irradically a little to the right at times but mostly seemed to stay in one spot. I went inside to find a camera with a zoom lens for a while thinking it must be a star and would be there but when I came back outside onto the terrace it was gone. Zoomed in on the picture and it looks like a glow ring around a bright spot. Im amazed and in disbelief that I might of seen a UFO. Never thought I would be someone who did. It’s a very distinct light when you see it. A friend called me freaking out that he had just seen a UFU in Oakville, Ontario. He explained it as tangerine orange colour with an orange glow ring around it and moving suddenly at times and then standing still. He was with a friend and they followed it in the car until it went up and disappeared. So I was amazed and went out onto my terrace to look at the sky and saw the bright white spot with a glow ring around it. I was lost in thought and disbelief at the possibility of seeing one as well.
Clarksville, TN – 25 June 2020 This was in clarksville tn last night around 11 PM. It wasn’t a star, it seemed to follow beside us for what was 5 miles going north, then as you can see in the video it stopped with us as we entered a gas station and headed towards us. There after my fiance said look how orange the moon is and it was a crescent looking moon that morphed and disappeared as we headed west bound.
Concord, NC – 6/13/2020 Hovering round/oval object. Slowly moving in sky. No particular flight path. Occasional white flashing light. Would fade into clouds than reappear. Disappeared entirely after about 5 minutes.
NB Canada – June 19, 2020 Approx 4 am a bright white light that looked light a star but slightly less bright appeared at the top of the sky and began to slowly drop straight down at inconsistent rates of speed. The light did not move left to right across the sky like a satellite or plane etc, would. it was certainly not a shooting star. The light just slowly seemed to be dropping closer to the earth and as it got closer and closer all the sudden it was as though the light was turned down on a dimmer switch until it was no longer visible. the whole incident was about 3 minutes long. it was not a helicoper, plane, satellite , meteorite. which makes me wonder what it was .
Gallatin, Tennessee – 6-20-20 2 translucent orbs landed behind New Hope Church on Pilot View Rd. At approximately 1am ….orbs were approximately 6ft in diameter.
havelock 105nnunn – 6/21/2020 11.39pm not sure why but look out of my back bedroom window seen it had lights below it red and white was like what i can tell 15 feet in the air move around in a loop about 15m or so before it start it moving away more from window can see it being round body like see in pics but this one had like in the middle was what can make out square
South Louisiana, U.S.A. on 6/10/2020 I have footage of strange craft, sometimes looks like an orb, etc
Malibu California – 13 June 2020 at 12:42 am i can you help me out? I saw this last night!!! It was far where the moon would be meaning it was not near and I zoomed in I wish I hadn’t and it would show how far it was …. Is this a UFO ? It was the strangest thing it moved so fast and it was flat or that’s how I could see and moved super fast They were two then separated
Newton Abbot Devon England – 5th of June 2020, The weather wasn’t all that great but I was still sat outside in the back garden sky watching. I was looking around the sky through the viewfinder of my Nikon P900 camera and I hadn’t seen a thing. I had been outside for hours and I was starting to lose hope of seeing anything unusual in the sky, when I decided to look south where I unexpectedly saw a black saucer shaped object that flew up out of some thick clouds. It was moving very fast but I still managed to take some photographs of it before it flew up into the atmosphere and disappeared from view. I am always seeing strange aerial objects around this area day and night. It’s very strange and I believe it’s because the alien occupants of these craft are heading towards Dartmoor where they like to collect genetic material from sheep and other unfortunate animals that they have killed and mutilated. I believe that once they have collected what they need, they fly back over Newton Abbot heading towards their base which is located some were in the English channel. The photographs were taken at 3:58 PM on the 5th of June 2020, at Newton Abbot Devon England. All the best John.
Huntsvill, Alabama – June 2020 Two lights in the sky roughly 1000 feet @ thus miles apart mid afternoon …. they flew together @ speed we cannot reach (linking together) then flew straight up out of sight. sighted by two
Hatboro, Pennsylvania – June 2020 I took this a week ago. I was filming a satellite when I saw an object appear out of nowhere and made a sharp turn and then disappear
Battleground Washington. Just above 11701 NE 314th St. – June-23-2020 @ 3;00 am RIGHT NOW I went out to my back deck to star gaze as it was a beautifully clear night. I looked to my left and saw a very fast “star” shoot from nowhere. Then another, and another, and another. They all would simply just “appear” from thin air. I counted 8 at first and they were all in a absolutely perfect straight line. I ran in to get my husband. I told him i saw a ufo! He doesn’t believe in them. But i grabbed his hand. By the time we got to the deck again, there were many many more still coming! They would fly in a single file line. Front to back and one would have a long space then followed by two in very close formation then another pause between the two and the next one.they were flying at unbelievable speeds but never got the slightest bit out of line. Too perfect. As if an astrophysicyst was setting it all on a computer. They just appeared out of thin air in the west and flew in an arc strait line towards the north east. On a clock, it would have appeared at about 7:00 and went to about 1:00 in about 2-3 seconds max, the speed was about 4-5x faster than a jet. Then they just disapeared. In total count was 27 crafts not counting the time it took me to go into the house to get my husband. Who knows? All white, all round, completely silent and flying inconceivably straight and fast. Then gone.in perfect pattern as if following one another…one…pause…2 flying very close to each other…then one..pause…two.
Denver, Colorado – June 2020 Hello there my name is Cearaand I live in Denver Colorado… Living in Colorado I’ve seen lots of UFO’s in my 40 years of living here but as of recently I’ve been noticing some bright stars or something in the sky that I’m starting to see about every other night often on for the last two weeks now… I went outside sometime last week to take my dogs out noticed that whatever was in the sky was incredibly bright As I took one dog in to get the other when I came back out whenever I saw that was bright and completely disappeared… There’s generally too bright object in the sky when is very bright and one is a little bit dimmer next to it… And I started to analyze whatever was in the sky it completely came back on bright and shiny we had an extremely cloudy day but for whatever reason you could see what was ever in the sky so I pulled out my camera and started to record this… And then just a few days later I continue to watch for them and on the second day they reappear ..they didn’t dim out is greatly is they did the first night But not only did they light up and go away they also moved positions
Wyoming – June 2020 Brother took a pic of Wyoming sunset and caught this
Chicago, IL 60607 – May 30 2020 @2:15 Hey I was going threw my pictures and I found this
Oklahoma – 4th july 2019
Beaver County Utah – July of 2019 During the summer of 2019 I was camping on Bureau of Land Management (BLM) along Indian Creek road in Beaver County Utah about 14 miles north of Beaver, Utah. I had many sightings there during that summer (and some of them quite strange) but I’ll tell you about the close-up I had. In July of 2019 about an hour before sunset I observed a triangular UFO descending almost directly overhead with lights on its underside. The only thing in the sky other than the UFO were two military jets. The object seemed to be coming very close to one of the jets but narrowly missed it. It kept descending until it was 100 feet high and 100 feet away from my position near my tent. I kept my eyes on it in order to notice everything possible. It was triangular with rounded corners and had no visible means of propulsion nor did it have windows or any door that I could discern. There were 3 horizontal stripes that appeared to encircle the craft. One thicker stripe with 1 thin stripe above and another below. The thick stripe was darker than the other stripes but still brown. The other 2 stripes were of a lighter brown and the craft was of a little lighter brown than any of the stripes. It was descending slowly without any sound and then seamlessly began slowly ascending. The duration of this sighting was at least 10 seconds.
Long Island – 2016 Solid unmarked black ball quietly floating above tree level seen a few times from Long Island back yard. On evening turned into orange flaming ball, then went to black again. Floated away toward LI Sound. About 4 years ago.
azaelia village west palm beach florida – around 7yrs ago my vision was bad do to drugs i was taking from VA. I was legally blind but for some reason they were surprised i saw them. they had no mouth but i was thinking about things i wanted to know. i pictured me cracking them if they hurt my family. i was walking to catch up to my family. while leaving i turned and the biggest grasshopper came out from behind the bush they were hiding.he was definitely the muscle. i would love to communicate with them. i know i could see them
We’ve lost the secret to making some of history’s most useful inventions, and for all of our ingenuity and discoveries, our ancestors of thousands of years ago are still able to baffle us with their ingenuity and discoveries. We have developed the modern equivalent of some of these inventions, but only very recently.
1. Greek Fire: Mysterious Chemical Weapon
Image from an illuminated manuscript, the Madrid Skylitzes, showing Greek Fire in use against the fleet of the rebel Thomas the Slav. The caption above the left ship reads, “the fleet of the Romans setting ablaze the fleet of the enemies.”
The Byzantines of the 7th to 12th centuries hurled a mysterious substance at their enemies in naval battle. This liquid, shot through tubes or siphons, burned in water and could only be extinguished with vinegar, sand, and urine. We still don’t know what this chemical weapon , known as Greek Fire, was made of. The Byzantines guarded the secret jealously, ensuring only a select few knew the secret, and the knowledge was eventually lost altogether.
Three ancient accounts of a substance known as vitrum flexile , flexible glass, are not clear enough to determine that this substance actually existed. The story of its invention was first told by Petronius (d. 63 A.D.).
He wrote about a glassmaker who presented the Emperor Tiberius (who reigned 14–37 A.D.) with a glass vessel. He asked the emperor to hand it back to him, at which point, the glassmaker threw it to the floor. It didn’t break; it only dented, and the glassmaker hammered it quickly back into shape. Fearing the devaluation of precious metals, Tiberius ordered the inventor beheaded so the secret of vitrum flexile would die with him.
Pliny the Elder (d. 79 A.D.) told this story as well. He said that, although the story was frequently told, it may not be entirely true.
The version told a couple hundred years later by Dio Cassius morphed the glassmaker into a sort of magician. When the vessel was thrown to the floor, it broke and the glassmaker fixed it with his bare hands.
In 2012, the glass manufacturing company Corning introduced its flexible “Willow Glass.” Heat-resistant and flexible enough to be rolled up, it has proven especially useful in making solar panels.
If the unfortunate Roman glassmaker did indeed invent vitrum flexile, it seems he was thousands of years ahead of his time.
3. An Antidote to All Poisons
A so-called “universal antidote” against all poisons was said to have been developed by King Mithridates VI of Pontus (who reigned 120–63 B.C.) and perfected by Emperor Nero’s personal physician. The original formula was lost, explained Adrienne Mayor, a folklorist and historian of science at Stanford University, in a 2008 paper, titled “Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World.” But ancient historians told us that among its ingredients were opium, chopped vipers, and a combination of small doses of poisons and their antidotes.
The valuable substance was known as Mithridatium, named for King Mithridates VI.
Mayor noted that Serguei Popov, a former top biological weapons researcher in the Soviet Union’s massive Biopreparat program who defected to the United States in 1992, was attempting to make a modern-day Mithridatium.
4. Heat-Ray Weapon
A depiction of how Archimedes set on fire the Roman ships before Syracuse with the help of parabolic mirrors.
Greek mathematician Archimedes (d. 212 B.C.) developed a heat-ray weapon that defied the skills of Discovery Channel’s “Mythbusters” to replicate in 2004. Mayor described the weapon as “ranks of polished bronze shields reflecting the sun’s rays at enemy ships.”
Although “Mythbusters” failed to reproduce this ancient weapon and declared it a myth, MIT students succeeded in 2005. They combusted a boat in San Francisco harbor using the 2,200-year-old weapon.
A heat-ray weapon unveiled in 2001 by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) used microwaves to penetrate “a victim’s skin, heating it to 130 degrees Fahrenheit, creating the sensation that one is on fire,” explained Mayor.
5. Roman Concrete
Roman concrete was used to construct the magnificent pantheon, which has endured for two millennia.
Source: BigStockPhoto.
The vast Roman structures that have lasted thousands of years are testaments to the advantages Roman concrete has over the concrete used nowadays, which shows signs of degradation after 50 years.
Researchers have worked in recent years to uncover the secret of this ancient concrete’s longevity. The secret ingredient is volcanic ash.
An article published in 2013 by the University of California–Berkeley News Center announced that university researchers described for the first time how the extraordinarily stable compound calcium-aluminum-silicate-hydrate (C-A-S-H) binds the material. The process of making it would create lower carbon dioxide emissions than the process for making modern concrete. Some disadvantages of its use are, however, that it takes longer to dry, and although it lasts longer, it is weaker than modern concrete.
In medieval times, swords made of a substance called Damascus steel were being produced in the Middle East out of a raw material, known as Wootz steel, from Asia. It was perplexingly strong. It wasn’t until the Industrial Revolution that metal so strong would be forged again.
The secret of making the Middle East’s Damascus Steel has only reemerged under the inspection of scanning electron microscopes in modern laboratories. It was first used around 300 B.C. and the knowledge seems to have been inexplicably lost around the mid-18th century.
Nanotechnology was involved in the production of Damascus steel, in the sense that materials were added during the steel’s production to create chemical reactions at the quantum level, explained archaeology expert K. Kris Hirst in an article written for About Education. It was a kind of alchemy.
Hirst cited a study led by Peter Paufler at the University of Dresden and published in the journal Nature in 2006. Paufler and his team hypothesized that the natural properties of the source material from Asia (the Wootz steel), when combined with materials added during the production process in the Middle East, caused a reaction: “The metal developed a microstructure called ‘carbide nanotubes,’ extremely hard tubes of carbon that are expressed on the surface and create the blade’s hardness,” Hirst explained.
Materials added during the production of Damascus steel included Cassia auriculata bark, milkweed, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and some rare elements, traces of which presumably came from the mines in India.
Hirst wrote, “What happened in the mid-18th century was that the chemical makeup of the raw material altered—the minute quantities of one or more of the minerals disappeared, perhaps because the particular lode was exhausted.”
NASA’s asteroid hunters have identified yet another five close flybys due this week but, even more worryingly, they have also identified one space rock which will soon pass between Earth and the Moon.
In highly alarming news from NASA’s Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS), asteroid hunters have identified a ‘potentially hazardous’ asteroid due to pass Earth in September at a paltry distance of 71,805km – just one-fifth of the distance between us and the Moon (384,399km).
Asteroid 2011 ES4, which measures 160ft (49 meters), is expected to buzz the Earth at 29,375kph on September 1 at 10:49am EDT (3:49pm BST).
Mercifully, given its somewhat small diameter, even if it were to stray off course and actually hit us, it would not be the end of life as we know it, though it would certainly pack a punch.
For context, the Chelyabinsk meteor which exploded above Russia on February 15, 2013 was just 18 meters in diameter, but was still sizeable enough to cause significant localized damage.
It exploded with up to 33 times the energy released from the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Some 1,491 people were injured in the incident, mostly by debris like shattered glass or from burns on their skin owing to the brightness of the explosion, which was 30 times more intense than the Sun.
At least 112 had to be hospitalized in the immediate aftermath of the incident, two in serious condition.
So in the unlikely event that 2011 ES4, almost three times the size of the Chelyabinsk meteor, should take a detour and pay us an even closer visit than expected, the damage could potentially be substantial.
In the meantime, on Monday, two asteroids measuring at least 30 meters, 2020 KJ7 (30m, roughly half the size of the Leaning Tower of Pisa) and 2009 OS5 (42m, or half the size of the Statue of Liberty) will pass us by at a distance of 4.5 million and 6.75 million kilometers respectively.
On Tuesday, asteroid 2020 MQ2 (42m), measuring five London buses in diameter, will pass us at 6.4 million kilometers, followed on Thursday by 2020 NM (21m or one-and-a-half times the height of the Hollywood sign), which will shoot past us at a safe distance of four million kilometers.
Bringing up the rear on Friday will be the Arc de Triomphe-sized 2020 MX (48m), which will fly past at 5.6 million kilometers, ending yet another week of relatively close calls for our home planet.
Black holes are generally imagined as terrifying star-sized planet eaters or more terrifying supermassive star eaters – things to rightfully be afraid of. Would you be terrified of a black hole the size of a grapefruit? An apple? A golf ball? A team of astronomers from Harvard University and the Black Hole Initiative (who knew they had their own initiative?) have put for the idea that the long-rumored Planet Nine may not be a planet at all but instead one of this miniature black holes with enough gravitational pull to disrupt the outer edges of our solar system. If we can’t find a planetary Planet Nine, how will we find an apple-sized Black Hole Nine?
“We find that if Planet Nine is a BH, its existence can be discovered by LSST due to brief accretion flares powered by small bodies from the Oort cloud, which would be detected at a rate of at least a few per year.”
Oort cloud
Well, that explains it … if you’re a Harvard science professor like the famous Abraham ‘Avi’ Loeb and his partner, undergraduate student Amir Siraj. In their new paper, accepted recently by The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Loeb steps out of his normal comet/asteroid/alien spaceship mode (you may remember his name from his various theories on `Oumuamua) and into a black (BH) hole just big enough for his foot. He proposes that a small primordial black hole (one created by the Big Bang and not due to the collapse of a dead star) with the same estimated mass as Planet Nine (about five times that of Earth) could be lurking somewhere in the Oort cloud amongst its icy planetesimals. As those tiny ice bodies melt, they could be sucked into this tiny black hole. When that happens, a visible flare of gas would be emitted from the black hole, which could possibly be seen by the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) scheduled to begin once the Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile is completed later this year.
“If multiple bursts are observed over the course of a year, the proper motion of the source can be used to identify the orbital parameters of the BH.”
Loeb isn’t the first to propose that the theoretical Planet Nine is actually a theoretical Black Hole Nine, but he and Siraj are the first to propose a simple method of finding it. Of course, this method requires the patience of waiting until the LSST is completed and at least part of the way through its 10-year mission of surveying the southern sky. However, it’s much more elegant and less needle-in-the-haystackish than other proposals to send tiny laser-sail spacecrafts to search for it.
“Additionally, if Planet Nine is a black hole with a magnetic charge, then the synchrotron emission from the accretion flow around it could make its flares much brighter and more easily detectable.”
An amazing life-size re-creation of a black hole eating a planetesimal?
Would you be excited or disappointed if it turns out that Planet Nine is a tiny black hole, not a mysterious giant planet or worse, a mysterious giant Nibiru heading towards a cataclysmic collision with Earth? Would you fear a grapefruit-zed black hole that eats ice particles like kids catching snowflakes on their tongues in a snowstorm?
Is There Something Hiding in Giza Pyramids?... Mysterious New Discoveries Made!
Is There Something Hiding in Giza Pyramids?... Mysterious New Discoveries Made!
Is There Something Hiding in Giza Pyramids?… Mysterious New Discoveries Made!
Erich Von Daniken – Mysterious findings in the Gize Pyramids continue to date. From the first pioneers and explorers to modern day scientific scanning, the pyramids hold on tight to their secrets. The discoveries made throughout the pyramids indicates that there could be other yet to be discovered rooms and possible artefacts.
Erich Von Daniken reveals the explorers involved throughout many years and what discoveries have been made including the more modern scientific undertakings.
I found this black structure and normally would have passed it up, but I instead used software to correct the out of focus screenshot from the moon map. The Black structure is like something out of a move. It has a big opening facing us and two long parts sticking out. There is clearly an amazing building here, but its more...its a ship that can move locations, but I guess they either parked it here to return later, or abandoned it. Either way, finders keepers. Its mine, hands off! Now...I got to make a go fund me page of...say a hundred billion to go get it and bring it back. LOL, joking, not going to happen.
I appreciate the donations you have sent in and used some of the money to purchase software that allows me to fix pixelization. It will focus the pixeled photos. I really wanted to get this because so many times I pass up on reporting something because too much pixelization from enlarging the photos to see the structures. Because of a few caring people out there, I managed to get a fix for this problem, and I will be able to now deliver much higher quality photos and videos to you. I also have some items coming, will make videos of them and share them, never before seen before too...all because of the donations. 100% is spent towards alien research.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
UFO Seen Over Ottawa, Canada During Sunset In July 12, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Seen Over Ottawa, Canada During Sunset In July 12, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: July 12, 2020
Location of sighting: Ottawa, Canada
Source: MUFON #110120
Here is a great photo of a disk from the side. The object was seen flying near an airport in Ottawa and is tilted so that we can see part of its bottom. The disk has a hump in its upper center, similar to classic disks, but flat on the bottom. This is further proof that UFOs take a high interest in airports since the newest technology is used to create todays jets and airliners.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
When taking a photo of the sunset clouds at YOW Ottawa Airport I observed an anomaly in my photo. I took multiple photos in a short time. The object appeared in the upper left. No other photos contained the object. Lens was checked and was found to be clean. Zoomed in on object and was surprised to find a defined shape. I am a lifelong airplane enthusiast and have never observed anything like this.
Notice that the disk top is semi clear, that means there are alien pilots that are looking through the walls at this moment.
Other ufo-videos over Ottawa, selected by peter2011
When I received some photos from a friend on Facebook of a UFO near Comet Neowise, I decided to have a closer look. I went to an official NASA website and found such a photo. It shows the surface of the comet itself, but when in enlarged it and zoomed it...I found a few structures that reveled the truth...that the comet is not what it seems. I found a few structures and alien ships and colored the yellow to make them stand out more. I have zero doubts that these are 100% alien in origin. Scott C. Waring
A line of unusual lights has been spotted hovering in the night sky, with witnesses from both the US and Mexico claiming to have seen them.
Several witnesses have shared their videos online from the sight on March 31.
One video, posted to the Mutual UFO Network, shows four orbs appearing to change colour above Laguna Beach in California.
Another light then appears as the objects hovering in a perfect line.
Some 80 miles down the coast, another video emerged of the same sight over San Diego.
Again, the lights seemed to hover in a straight line before slowly disappearing one by one.
p:nth-of-type(6)","type":"performPlaceholder","relativePos":"after"}" data-placeholder-placeholder="" data-response-start="2878.7549999542534" data-type="placeholder" style="text-align: justify;">But it wasn’t just Californian residents that spotted the lights. Another 40 miles south of San Diego, in the Mexican city of Playas de Tijuana, a third video emerged of seven mysterious objects hovering in the same formation.
The collection of videos were shared online by YouTube conspiracy channel The Hidden Underbelly.
He wrote: “These lights seem to appear out of nowhere and were visible for about 15mins before disappearing one by one, leaving the witnesses puzzled and entertained by the aerial display performed by these orbs.”
Viewers flocked to the comments section to voice their thoughts on what they could be.
What are these strange red lights in the night sky over Mexico?
What are these strange red lights in the night sky over Mexico?
Unidentified bright, shining red lights over Villahermosa, Mexico, have confused thousands of people. The red lights appeared in the night sky on July 11, 2020 and as beautiful as they were, no one is sure what caused them.
Images credit Twitter accounts links below.
Residents of the small Mexican town managed to capture these elongated lights on their phones and posted the images to Twitter, here, here, here and here in an attempt to discover more information about them.
Since then, the theories have just been flooding in. Officials report that the red lights are sprites, however, this has been disputed numerous times.
Sprites?
According to YouTube channel Willease: Officials from the area have assured everyone that these lights are nothing to worry about and are simply red sprites, a completely natural and harmless occurrence.
Well, this may not be entirely true. Sprites occur dozens of kilometres up in the atmosphere and only last a fraction of a second.
These four mysterious were a mere few hundred meters above the surface of the Earth, far closer than any sprite would be, and lasted a fair while, long enough for amateur photographers to capture them on their smartphones.
It doesn't look like a natural phenomenon.Maybe the red lights are a sign of paranormal activity or could it be a sign that something is going to happen soon?
A nagging problem with planets is that they are just so large: Send a spacecraft to one patch of a planet and inevitably, some of the things you learn will apply only right there.
That struggle is particularly difficult when scientists ponder a planet's atmosphere and weather. By definition, these are global phenomena, and they interact with other global phenomena in intricate ways.
That conundrum is why, despite a rich history of spacecraft observations of Mars, scientists are still puzzling over how the planet's atmosphere really works — from top to bottom, pole to pole, and dawn to dusk and back again.
If all goes well, a mission from a country that's a newcomer to planetary science will soon begin to gather the data scientists need for a truly global understanding of the Martian atmosphere. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) plans to launch its first interplanetary spacecraft, called the Emirates Mars Mission or Hope, on Tuesday (July 14), with liftoff scheduled for 4:51 p.m. EDT (2051 GMT).
Then, the $200 million mission will embark on a seven-month cruise to Mars, slipping into orbit around the Red Planet in early 2021. Hope is scheduled to observe Mars for at least a full Martian year (a bit less than two Earth years) as it works to understand the Martian atmosphere.
If the spacecraft successfully arrives — which the team well knows is a difficult proposition — the UAE will become the fifth or sixth entity to orbit Mars, depending on how the mission's timeline compares with that of China's Tianwen-1 Mars lander, also launching this summer.
Building on the human legacy of Mars exploration
A dozen orbiters have worked at Mars before, and Hope was purposefully designed with an eye to the half-century-long history of spacecraft sent to Mars. Nevertheless, mission personnel wanted to avoid the risk of staying within the limits of what other projects have done.
"We always learn from previous missions," Mariam Al Shamsi, director of the space science department at the UAE's Mohammed bin Rashid Space Center, which runs the Hope mission, told Space.com. "There is no perfect mission, so every mission that comes up learns from the previous missions." In the case of Hope, the mission learned particularly from NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) orbiter, scientists said.
"The science of the mission is very complimentary to other missions that went to Mars," Hessa Al Matroushi, science data and analysis lead for the mission at the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Center, told Space.com. "But it complements them, it adds more understanding to the gaps that had been shown."
In order to strike that balance, the engineers-turned-scientists leading the mission needed to understand the scope of Mars exploration to date, which meant consulting the Mars science community. After that process, Hope leaders concluded that the atmosphere was the place to focus on to find that sweet spot.
Then, it was on to designing the spacecraft itself.
"You don't want to send two spacecraft that measure the same things, no matter how important they are," Bruce Jakosky, a project scientist on the Hope mission and the principal investigator of MAVEN, told Space.com. "What is new is making measurements that we just didn't realize needed to be made before, and in that sense, it builds on everything that has come before it."
In the case of Hope, mission personnel realized that by using similar instruments to those onboard MAVEN and other spacecraft, but putting the spacecraft into a completely unique orbit, the mission would be able to tackle some crucial questions about the Martian atmosphere.
An atmosphere of Hope
The Hope spacecraft carries three instruments: ultraviolet and infrared spectrometers, plus an imager sensitive to optical and ultraviolet light. Those instruments are packed onto a spacecraft that clocks in at 3,000 lbs. (1,350 kilograms) and will require about seven months to get to Mars, where it will focus on the Red Planet's thin, carbon dioxide-dominated atmosphere.
Although scientists have gotten atmospheric data from a host of spacecraft before, Hope brings something new to the table: it orbits over the planet's equator. "Our uniqueness comes from the orbit," Al Shamsi said. That orbit is what gives the spacecraft its ability to see how conditions in the lower atmosphere change over time on Mars.
"What this mission does is, it provides us a full understanding of the Martian atmosphere throughout the day," Sarah Al Amiri, science lead for the mission and the UAE's minister of state for advanced sciences, said during a news conference held on July 9. "So it covers all regions of Mars at all local times at Mars, and that's a comprehensive understanding that fills in the gap of changes through time through different seasons of Mars throughout an entire year."
But Hope will study the whole atmosphere, not just the lower atmosphere, where weather unfolds. In particular, it will help scientists understand what takes place in a layer called the thermosphere, which lies between the upper and lower atmosphere, about 60 to 120 miles (100 to 200 kilometers) up. Here, the gas is influenced by what's happening both near the surface of Mars and in the upper atmosphere.
"The thermosphere, it's kind of the transition point between the upper atmosphere and the lower atmosphere," Fatma Lootah, manager for Hope instrument science, told Space.com. "So it's very interesting to look into what's happening there." In particular, the scientists want Hope's data to help them connect what happens in the upper and lower atmospheres, rather than looking at the layers in isolation.
An artist's depiction of the Hope probe at work around Mars. (Image credit: MBRSC)
More science potential
that if the spacecraft beats the odds and successfully makes it to the Red Planet, it will aid plenty of other research as well.
Some of that is built into the mission's primary goals. For example, Hope's orbit will also position the spacecraft to regularly photograph the fuzzy bubble of hydrogen wisping out from the planet. MAVEN spotted that structure as it was arriving, but couldn't image the bubble regularly.
"These pictures, they're very cool to look at," Lootah said. "They're like a glowing kind of halo around the planet. So they're very beautiful to see, and I'm really excited to see these images come through."
Those images could also help scientists understand how Mars is losing its atmosphere. Once, before the Red Planet was quite so red, it had a thick, wet atmosphere like Earth's, but now it's gone. And still, the atmosphere slowly slips away from the planet's gravitational tug, drifting off into space to form that halo.
And, of course, there's the usual fact of science: that even the best scientists can't predict a planet's intricacies. "Every mission, every new instrument we've flown, has discovered things that we didn't know even to ask about," Jakosky said. "You design a mission to make measurements to answer some specific questions, and you design the instruments so that they can make the measurements you're looking to get. With most science missions, and certainly with the Mars missions all the way back to the beginning, I think everybody would be disappointed if that's all we got."
One potential opportunity for those surprise discoveries is from random events like dust storms. "I think also the most exciting thing is when you get something interesting in the data that you didn't expect, and we call them episodic events," Lootah said. "That's very exciting to see, and since it's going to cover a huge amount of the planet, we'll be able to see more episodic events. So that's also something to look forward to."
Even the data that scientists expect to see will end up supporting discoveries beyond the confines of the Hope mission itself, Al Matroushi emphasized, saying that the UAE purposefully decided to make all of Hope's data available to the public for just this reason.
"The mission was developed for our objectives, but the data can be used to answer a lot of science questions," she said. "I would be very pleased and excited to see what kind of science researchers will be able to get out of the data that the mission will provide."
But more than that, the Hope scientists are looking forward simply to being able to work with data from their own spacecraft for the first time after years of practicing on data from other missions and hypothetical data, Lootah said. "I think it's just going to be a surreal feeling.
That's also why the July 14 launch isn't the main event for the team. "I think people are excited for the launch, and we all are," Al Matroushi said. But launch pales in comparison to arrival at Mars in February 2021. "Seeing the first picture from the probe, that would be the most exciting moment, because this is where our work begins."
Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels.
This visualization of the filaments — huge tendrils of gas — in the cosmic web comes from a simulation produced by the EAGLE project. Much of the universe's "normal" matter may reside in such filaments.
Let's face it: we know almost nothing about the universe. Sure, we've got some things nailed down: we know about the existence of dark matter and dark energy. We know about the Big Bang. We know how galaxies form over the course of billions of years. And most painfully of all, we know that "normal" matter (the kind of matter that makes stars, galaxies, planets and you) is no more than 5% of all the mass and energy in the universe.
And what's worse: We don't really know where half that normal matter is.
First, a quick definition. For the purposes of this conversation, served with a heaping spoonful of human bias, we will call "normal" the matter that makes up familiar, everyday, household items like TVs and furniture and molecular clouds. Astronomers call this "baryonic" matter, because it's mostly made of baryons: protons and neutrons and the like. So, even though baryonic matter is nothing but a bit player in the great game (you could wipe away every single galaxy in the universe and the progress of cosmic history would go on unblinking), we're the most familiar with it, so we call it "normal."
And the very fact that we have a problem counting all the baryons may seem like a bold claim to make: that we know what the universe is made of, even if we can't find it. But we have two giant pieces of evidence that help us count up all the baryons, even when they don't light up for our telescopes.
First — and this is amazing for me to even type — we have a pretty firm grasp of the physics of the universe when it was only a dozen minutes old. At that time, billions of years ago, the universe was small, hot, and dense enough for the first protons and neutrons (read: baryons) to condense from the primordial soup. And since we understand nuclear physics well enough to make power plants and bombs, we can make predictions.
Those predictions tell us how many total baryons ought to exist in the cosmos, along with the ratios of light elements (like helium and lithium) to hydrogen. And since we observe the same ratios that our calculations predict, we have a lot of confidence that those calculations are good enough to put a limit on the baryon population of the universe.
Second, we have the cosmic microwave background, a magnificent source of light from when the universe was a mere 380,000 years old. The light was released just as the universe cooled from being a plasma. And once again, we understand plasma physics well enough to compare the light that we see to the light that we predict, and that tells us about the total number of baryons known to inhabit the cosmos.
In both cases, the numbers agree: 5% of all the mass and energy in the cosmos. That's all the baryons the universe is going to get.
A bunch of baryons wind up compressing down and igniting nuclear fusion, lighting up as stars. And a bunch of those stars end up collecting together into giant cosmic cities: the galaxies. Over here on Earth (which is also made of baryons), we have a pretty straightforward time counting up all the stars and galaxies in the universe, because they're relatively bright and spotting them is exactly what we make telescopes to do.
Beyond that, we have a few other tricks for counting baryons. We can look at light that has passed through billions of light-years of scattered gas. The gas itself is too thin to see, but it will absorb some of that background light, allowing us to estimate how many baryons are just hanging out in giant gas clouds.
Going even further, we can look for the subtle bending of background light to look for dim, compact objects: things like black holes or rogue planets, which are also made of baryons but just not very bright.
All told, we're able to account for about half the known baryons in the universe, which is a bit of an embarrassing state of affairs.
Looking in the cosmic couch cushions
One possible solution to this cosmic quandary is that the baryons are somewhere out there, not lighting up as stars, not compact enough to make gravitational lenses, and not dense enough to absorb background light. The missing baryons could just be … floating around, minding their own business, not really associated with any particularly interesting object.
And in the larger universe, when you want to get away from the hustle and bustle of the galaxies, you go to the filaments — long, thin tendrils of gas that connect galaxies to their neighbors, like long stretches of empty highways between cities.
We know of the existence of these filaments through computer simulations, but measuring them is much harder, since they're so thin and feeble.
But recent techniques are starting to open them up. If the gas in the filaments is hot enough, then the light from the cosmic microwave background will energize as it passes through, creating a hot spot in our microwave imaging known as the Sunyeav-Zeldovich effect. The effect for each individual filament is super-small and almost impossible to measure, but by stacking up hundreds of filaments and superimposing them on top of each other, it's enough to build up a clear signal.
And that's what we're beginning to find: about half the baryons in our universe eschew big-city living, and prefer to live in the sleepy rural stretches between them.
Learn more by listening to the episode "Why are we missing all the baryons?" on the Ask A Spaceman podcast, available on iTunes and on the Web at http://www.askaspaceman.com.
Thanks to Rachel K. for the questions that led to this piece! Ask your own question on Twitter using #AskASpaceman or by following Paul @PaulMattSutter and facebook.com/PaulMattSutter.
"Being adventurous and being explorers is in our nature."
NASA astronaut Stephanie Wilson is ready and excited for the future of space exploration.
Earlier this year (before the COVID-19 pandemic) Space.com met up with NASA astronaut Stephanie Wilson, a veteran of three spaceflights who has logged more than 42 days in space, at the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Long Island, New York.
Wilson, who is one of 17 NASA astronauts eligible to become the first woman to step foot on the moon in 2024 as part of NASA's Artemis program, shared her thoughts on the future of space exploration and her advice for new explorers dreaming of joining the Artemis generation.
NASA astronaut Stephanie Wilson. (Image credit: Space.com)
With regard to her lunar prospects, Wilson said, "I am of course excited to be included among the group and look forward to whoever the first woman is and the women who follow as part of the Artemis program to continue our studies of the moon, continue to descend down to the surface in a lander and hopefully to build a lunar base there on the moon and continue our journey from the Gateway orbiting laboratory."
The "Gateway," Wilson refers to the Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway, a proposed NASA program that would orbit around the moon and allow astronauts to more easily travel back and forth from the lunar surface.
She added that the fact that Artemis explicitly includes women is "a wonderful testament to the progress that women have made" in human spaceflight since women were first allowed to apply to the astronaut corps in 1978.
Wilson elaborated, diving into the earlier days of her 24-year astronaut career and how life for women at NASA has changed over the years.
"I was very fortunate to have been able to study engineering and to find my way to NASA, to join the NASA astronaut class of 1996," Wilson said. "Over that period of my career, I have seen increased opportunities for women. We now have women working in the mission control center, working as flight directors."
The next generation
As a role model for young people looking to grow up and become astronauts like her, Wilson shared a few pieces of advice.
For young women looking to follow in her footsteps, Wilson said, "there are many opportunities now for women in STEM [science, technology, engineering and math], so I encourage these young girls to study hard. If math and science is their interest then they can certainly find their way to NASA for a career," she said.
She added that astronaut hopefuls looking to go "the civilian route" (as opposed to astronauts who come from the military) have to have bachelor's degrees in STEM. "And as far as qualities or traits for the Artemis generation," she added, astronauts have to have what NASA calls "expeditionary skills."
"Very similar to the space station generation, we're looking for people that are adaptable, that are able to work well in a team," Wilson said. She added that astronauts have to be able to transition well between being leaders and followers and additionally "make good decisions quickly and efficiently in an emergency situation or in a situation where resources are limited." Astronauts have to be able "to lead themselves and their teams to a successful and safe outcome," she said.
Exploring the great unknown
So, why do people want to become astronauts? Why does our species want to explore the cosmos so badly?
According to Wilson, "being adventurous and being explorers is in our nature. It's in the history of how we've developed Earth and so that naturally continues to the space frontier."
"But," she added, "we also learn a great deal about ourselves, and we're able to bring that technology back to earth." She referenced all of the research that takes place on the International Space Station in fields including physical sciences, material sciences and medicine. Wilson added space-based research can greatly improve our lives as well as advance the technologies that we have here on Earth.
Email Chelsea Gohd at cgohd@space.com or follow her on Twitter @chelsea_gohd.
Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
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