The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
31-10-2020
Waarom de volle maan vanavond extra speciaal is: onze wetenschapsexpert ontwart feiten en fabels
Waarom de volle maan vanavond extra speciaal is: onze wetenschapsexpert ontwart feiten en fabels
Hebben katten en honden vannacht meer kans op een ongeval? Klopt het dat er tijdens een nacht met volle maan meer hersenbloedingen, nierstenen enzovoorts opduiken op de spoeddiensten van ziekenhuizen? Er bestaan al duizenden jaren heel wat gelijkaardige theorieën over volle maan. Onze wetenschapsexpertMartijn Peters bekijkt op basis van studies welke kloppen en welke niet, en vertelt er meteen bij waarom deze Halloween-maan extra speciaal is.
Martijn Peters
Bron:Content redactie
Van alle gedaanten die onze maan aanneemt, is volle maan wellicht de bekendste. “Meestal krijgen we er zo twaalf per jaar te zien, mooi verdeeld over de maanden. Maar eens om de 2,7 jaar zijn er twee volle manen in één maand, waarbij die tweede de titel ‘blauwe maan’ krijgt, van het Engelse 'once in a blue moon’”, zegt Peters. “Die dertiende volle maan krijgen we vanavond te zien.”
Talloze eigenschappen zijn toegeschreven aan volle manen, van mensen die zich vreemder gedragen tot veranderen in weerwolven
Martijn Peters
Maar daar blijft het niet bij. “Het is ook een 'micromaan’, omdat hij zich op de verst mogelijke afstand van de aarde bevindt: het zogenaamde ‘apogeum’, gemiddeld zo’n 405.500 km van de aarde. (In normale omstandigheden bevindt de maan zich op zo’n 384.400 km van de aarde, red.) De maan zal optisch dus kleiner zijn dan anders, maar dat verschil merk je amper op.”
Naast de bekendste is de volle maan ook de meest tot de verbeelding sprekende schijngestalte. “Talloze eigenschappen zijn toegeschreven aan volle manen, van mensen die zich vreemder gedragen — denk aan ‘lunatic’, het Engelse woord voor ‘krankzinnig’ — tot veranderen in weerwolven. Broodjeaapverhalen, maar er zijn ook beweringen die wél wetenschappelijk zijn getoetst.”
Bewering 1 – Volle maan heeft invloed op de aarde - JA!
“Dat klopt, want bij volle maan zijn er straffere getijden”, zegt Martijn Peters. “Eb en vloed ontstaan immers door de zwaartekracht van de maan. En als maan, zon en aarde zich op één lijn bevinden komt daar nog de zwaartekracht van de zon bij. Eb en vloed komen hierdoor 20 procent hoger en lager te liggen. Dat kan natuurrampen versterken, zoals overstromingen bij stormen of orkanen, doordat het water hoger komt te staan bij vloed.”
Zelfs al zou de volle maan de kans op een aardbeving verhogen, zou die volgens wetenschappers minder dan 1 procent zijn
Martijn Peters
Over de invloed van volle manen op aardbevingen spreken onderzoekers elkaar tegen. “Een studie zag géén verband bij meer dan 200 zeer zware aardbevingen (vanaf 8 op de schaal van Richter) in de voorbije vier eeuwen”, zegt Peters. “Een andere, waarbij wetenschappers keken naar tienduizend aardbevingen vanaf 5.5 op de schaal van Richter, concludeerde dat ze heviger werden bij volle of nieuwe maan. Oorzaak zou de verhoogde druk zijn die het getijde uitoefent op breuklijnen in onze aardkorst. Maar zelfs al zou de volle maan de kans op een aardbeving verhogen, zou die volgens wetenschappers minder dan 1 procent zijn. Haast verwaarloosbaar.”
Door diezelfde zwaartekracht van de maan valt er wél minder regen. “Dat zagen wetenschappers die weerdata van honderd jaar bestudeerden. Door de aantrekkingskracht zet de atmosfeer uit in de richting van de maan, stijgt de luchtdruk en daalt de kans op regen. Maar ook dat zal je zelf niet opmerken.”
Bewering 2 – Volle maan heeft invloed op ons lichaam - NEE!
Al in de Griekse Oudheid opperde de filosoof Aristoteles dat ons brein, dat voor 73 procent uit water bestaat, misschien vatbaar is voor de invloed van de maan. En tot op vandaag geloven velen dat ons lichaam zich vreemder gedraagt bij volle maan. “De wetenschap ontkracht dat”, stelt Peters. “Ten eerste is het effect van de zwaartekracht niet sterk genoeg om veranderingen in de hersenen te veroorzaken, en als die er zouden zijn, moet je die evengoed zien bij nieuwe maan, en daarover circuleren er geen vreemde verhalen. Studie na studie wijst uit dat er níet meer bevallingen, psychologische problemen, gewelddaden, misdaden en zelfmoorden plaatsvinden bij volle maan. Ook epilepsie- en hartaanvallen, spoedopnames, verkeersongelukken, mislukte operaties, hersenbloedingen, nierstenen enzovoorts zouden dan vaker voorkomen, maar niets is minder waar. Enkel over het effect op de nachtrust is er nog discussie.”
Opmerkelijke vaststelling: rond volle maan hebben katten en honden respectievelijk 23 procent en 28 procent meer kans op een ongeval
Martijn Peters
Bewering 3 – Volle maan heeft invloed op fauna en flora - JA!
Het planten- en dierenrijk ondervindt wel degelijk effect van een volle maan. “Opmerkelijke vaststelling na het bestuderen van bijna 12.000 dierenartsbezoeken: rond volle maan hebben katten en honden respectievelijk 23 procent en 28 procent meer kans op een ongeval, al is de reden niet bekend”, zegt Martijn Peters. “Even opvallend is een studie die aantoont dat mensen vaker gebeten worden door dieren tijdens nachten met een volle maan.”
Prooidieren blijken dan ook voorzichtiger te worden. “Wellicht omdat ze kwetsbaarder zijn voor roofdieren”, aldus Peters. “Zo kampt de das met ‘voortplantingsangst’ bij volle maan. Om te compenseren zullen roofdieren in de dagen na een volle maan sneller overdag jagen. Je past dus beter extra op.”
Het koraal van het Australische Groot Barrièrerif in Australië vindt het licht van de volle maan dan weer zeer romantisch. “Ergens in december lost het hele rif massaal eitjes en sperma en verandert de zee heel even in een winterwonderland.”
Tot slot is er ook nog de aanname dat er meer paddenstoelen opduiken rond volle maan. “Dat klopt dan weer niet, bewijst een studie uit 2011.”
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)
En de maan werd rood als bloed
En de maan werd rood als bloed
Het is een beetje stil rondom de onbekende planeet die zich in ons zonnestelsel bevindt. Een beetje stil misschien, maar verdwenen allerminst en de tekenen van die aanwezigheid blijven komen.
We kregen een vraag van een lezer of de planeet Nibiru misschien volledig van het toneel was verdwenen.
Ik ben al jaren een trouwe lezer van jullie website, ik wacht ook al jaren op het einde der tijden dat vele malen door jullie voorspeld werd. Maar nu sinds de COVID-19 crisis lees ik niets anders meer dan COVID-19 bullshit, mijn vraag is dan ook waar is planeet X oftewel Nibiru? Is deze opeens verdwenen of spelen jullie mooi in op de lopende hot topics??
Aangezien wij ook mensen zijn zullen wij inderdaad ook berichten over hot topics, zoals de lezer het noemt, in onze maatschappij en dat zeker als ze betrekking hebben op de nep corona pandemie.
Daarnaast voorspellen wij geen einde der tijden, we weten soms wel veel, maar zoveel nu ook nu weer niet. Wat we wel doen is regelmatig berichten plaatsen van onderzoekers die zich bezighouden met de planeet Nibiru en alles wat daarmee samenhangt. Aangezien ook zij mensen zijn, houden ze zich op dit moment ook meer bezig met actuele zaken zoals de nep coronapandemie en besteden minder tijd aan hun onderzoek, waardoor er ook automatisch minder nieuws naar buiten komt.
Ook hebben wij geschreven dat de vreemde verschijnselen die zich soms kunnen voor doen in onze huidige tijd erop zouden kunnen wijzen dat wij ons in de eindtijd bevinden.
Maar, dat alles betekent niet dat de planeet Nibiru en haar metgezellen van het toneel zijn verdwenen. Want midden tussen alle corona en de presidentstoestanden in Amerika komt Nancy Lieder toch wel met een interessant bericht.
En dat bericht heeft te maken met de rode luchten en het rode stof waar wij af en toe mee te maken hebben op aarde. Dit verschijnsel doet zich volgens Nancy voor sinds 2003 en dat was ook het moment dat de planeet Nibiru in ons zonnestelsel arriveerde.
Hierna volgen enkele feiten zoals die zijn verzameld door onderzoekers naar Planet X of Nibiru, voornamelijk op basis van oude teksten.
1) Mythologisch gezien ziet Nibiru eruit als een vurig beest die aan de hemel zal verschijnen als een tweede zon.
Openbaring 12:3
En er werd een ander teken gezien in den hemel; en ziet, er was een grote rode draak, hebbende zeven hoofden, en tien hoornen, en op zijn hoofden zeven koninklijke hoeden.
2) Nibiru is een magnetische planeet waardoor de aarde voor een deel zal kantelen wanneer deze passeert.
3) Men denkt dat Nibiru ongeveer vier keer groter is dan de aarde en 23 keer meer massief is.
4) Volgens de oude teksten is Nibiru gehuld in een wolk van rood ijzeroxide stof.
Volgens Zetatalk zweeft deze rode wolk als een gigantische staart achter de planeet aan en zal in de aanloop van de passage zich onder andere voor doen als extreem rode/oranje luchten vooral tijdens zonsopgang en ondergang.
In een later stadium, kort voor de werkelijke passage zal deze ijzeroxide in onze atmosfeer ervoor zorgen dat ook het water in de rivieren rood wordt en zwaar vergiftigd.
De mainstream verklaring van dit verschijnsel is dat we te maken zouden hebben met dingen zoals dat het afkomstig is van de industrie of dat het Saharazand is.
Onlangs zijn er echter berichten verschenen die aantonen dat dit verschijnsel zich niet alleen op aarde voordoet, maar bijvoorbeeld ook op onze Maan. En aangezien ze daar, in ieder geval aan de kant van de maan die wij hier op aarde zien, nog geen zware industrieën hebben en geen Sahara moet dit verschijnsel door iets anders worden veroorzaakt.
Maar voor roestvorming is nog wat meer nodig dan alleen water:
Roest is aantasting van metaal doordat het reageert op een combinatie van water en zuurstof. In het geval van ijzer ontstaat er dan ijzeroxide. Daarom wordt roesten ook vaak oxideren genoemd.
Er zou dan in ieder geval ijzer aanwezig moeten zijn op de maan en daarnaast zuurstof.
En aangezien dit volgens mainstream informatie niet het geval is, hebben we volgens Nancy hier te maken met ijzeroxide, afkomstig uit de enorme wolk die achter Nibiru aan sleept.
Maar, dit alles roept dan natuurlijk ook weer een andere vraag op en dat is de volgende: als er inderdaad sprake is van ijzeroxide in de staart van Nibiru, dan moet het ijzer ook ooit ergens in aanraking zijn geweest met zuurstof om dit te kunnen vormen.
Het antwoord op die vraag is niet gemakkelijk te vinden, maar in een artikel uit 1995 zegt Nancy Lieder het volgende:
The gases and dust curl toward the Earth, and are first noticeable as a fine red iron dust, turning the water a bitter blood red. Does this dust not burn in the available oxygen, and end as so many tiny flying star specs? This dust, already oxygenated, does not burn.
Oxygenation betekent dat er ergens zuurstof moet zijn toegevoegd, maar hoe en waar dit dan heeft plaatsgevonden wordt ons niet duidelijk. Duidelijk is wel dat dit dan buiten de aarde moet zijn gebeurd.
Ze heeft natuurlijk wel een punt dat roest zich niet op de maan kan vormen en dat is ook iets waar wetenschappers stom verbaasd over zijn. De verklaring van Nancy is uiteraard dat die rode stof daar ook afkomstig is van de staart van Nibiru.
Het geheel ziet er ongeveer als volgt uit volgens Nancy:
Wat weer erg overeenkomt met de vuurspuwende draken van de Chinezen.
De plaag waarde door het land, de rivier was bloedrood en overal was bloed. Zij die dronken van de rivier moesten onmiddellijk overgeven. Het stof beet zich vast in de huid van zowel mens als dier.
Door de gloed van de Verwoester was de aarde gehuld in een roodachtig licht. Het land was platgeslagen en verwoest door enorme hagelstenen die neer beukten op alles wat stond. Ze kwamen naar beneden in hete buien en achter hen aan kwam een soort vreemd gloeiend vuur dat over de aarde liep.
Het Griekse woord ‘seismos’ betekent aardschudding. Het gaat hier om een krachtige schok die de gehele planeet treft. Niet onwaarschijnlijk is dat de stand van de aarde gewijzigd zal worden. Jesaja profeteerde: ‘De aarde waggelt zeer als een beschonkene’ (24:19-20). Dan zullen alle bergen en eilanden van hun plaats worden gerukt. Grote kosmische brokstukken (meteorieten) zullen de aarde treffen. De zon zal zwart worden als een haren zak en de maan als bloed (vgl. Joël 2:32). Dit is een gelijktijdige verduistering van de zon en de maan. Astronomisch gezien kunnen deze twee dingen niet samengaan. Deze ingrijpende gebeurtenis kan daarom niet door de NASA voorspeld worden (zoals met de vier rode bloedmanen in 2014-2015). Dit zal iets buitengewoons zijn, dat door een direct ingrijpen van God zal gebeuren!
De gehele aarde zal bang zijn als de planeet waggelt! Triest is dat de mensen zich niet bekeren, terwijl ze weten dat Gods toorn is gekomen. Liever schuilen ze in de holen en rotsen der aarde. En in plaats van te bidden tot God, smeken zij tot de rotsen: ‘valt op ons en verbergt ons voor het aangezicht van Hem’ (vers 16). Wat een dwaasheid. Als wedergeboren christen kun je je dat bijna niet voorstellen, omdat Zijn liefde en vergevingsgezindheid zoveel groter is dan de hopeloze toestand van de mens. Ook nog tijdens de Verdrukking!
En om nog maar even bij de bijbel te blijven: Het lijkt meer dan duidelijk dat de eindtijd waarvan in het boek Openbaringen wordt gesproken, onze hedendaagse corona maatschappij is:
Opb 13:16En het maakt dat men aan allen, de kleinen en de groten, de rijken en de armen, de vrijen en de slaven, een merkteken geeft op hun rechterhand of op hun voorhoofd; Opb 13:17 en dat niemand kan kopen of verkopen dan wie het merkteken heeft: de naam van het beest of het getal van zijn naam. Opb 13:18 Hier is de wijsheid. Wie verstand heeft, laat die het getal van het beest berekenen, want het is het getal van een mens, en zijn getal is zeshonderdzesenzestig.
Raadsels. Gebeurtenissen die zich duizenden jaren geleden voor deden zullen zich misschien herhalen. Voor wie wil zien, zijn er overal tekenen te vinden.
Maar, om het spannend te houden: Hoe het nu precies verder zal gaan weet eigenlijk niemand.
GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S, geselecteerd and gepost door peter2011
I found a woman figure standing at the end of a hill on Mars in a NASA gigapan photo today. Now I say woman, because her breast area is covered up and she has a pregnant belly stick out and a long flowing dress down to her feet. However, he stomach may be the norm for the species and may not be pregnant. The statue would be a historical and monumental discovery had it been found in Egypt today, but because its on Mars...archeologists dismiss it, refusing to believe their own eyes. This is 100% proof that important women ruled in the alien culture on Mars. That women had prominent positions and were highly valued.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Glowing Orange Sphere Over Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Oct 21, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing Orange Sphere Over Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Oct 21, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Oct 21, 2020 Location of sighting: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Watch as a guy gets blown away by the incredibly close encounter of a glowing sphere UFO. The sphere is huge and its outer layer seems to change shape with some kind of electro static waves of sorts. This particular UFO has been seen around the world and even I have recorded it over my apartments a few years ago, just weeks after I saw it on TV news in Hong Kong too! This thing gets around. Not only is this 100% alien...this is one of the closest UFOs you may ever encounter first hand one day.
UFOs in Triangle Formation over Peoria, Arizona, USA June 30 2020, UFO Sighting News.
UFOs in Triangle Formation over Peoria, Arizona, USA June 30 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: June 30, 2020 Location of sighting: Peoria, Arizona, USA
The eyewitnesses must have been incredibly close or have a really great zoom on their phone. This shows us the glowing spheres close up. You can clearly see its not planets at all. The objects are flying in triangle formation...military formation. Some of them are even dark but still flying along their sides...which means its not lanterns, when lanterns are dark its because the candles die out after 1-3 minutes and they fall. No sound, no wings, no aircraft lights...there is only one thing these objects could be...UFOs. And seen in the hotbed of hotbeds for UFO sighting...Arizona.
UFO sighting after earthquake in Whittier, California
UFO sighting after earthquake in Whittier, California
Here’s one really interesting UFO sighting that was filmed in the night sky above Whittier, a city in Southern California in Los Angeles County, part of the Gateway Cities. This happened back July 5th, 2019 but it was just published on MUFON’s website today. This triangle formation appeared in the sky just after a huge earthquake.
Witness report:
Six lights observed ascending from earth in triangular pattern, moving in synchronization with one another, and disappearing into the dark atmosphere. About an hour to an hour and a half prior to the UFO sighting, in Whittier, CA., there was a short but strong Earthquake. The earthquake was like nothing I’ve felt before; much like a swinging motion or swaying of the earth, that only lasted for a few seconds, but was strong enough to cause the power lines above my friends house, to rock quite a bit. When it came time for me to depart from my friends house, it was around 9:25pm. I was headed to another one of my friends houses, which was only about a 6 or 7 minute car drive. As I entered the neighborhood, of my destination, I noticed some strange bright lights moving at a very steady pace, in a triangular pattern ascending into the sky, starting from right above the tree level of my current field of vision, and kept ascending until each individual light disappeared one by one, into the dark night sky above. There were six bright yellowish-orange, sphere-shaped lights all together. One light in the front, Two in the middle and three behind. By the way that it seemed to be moving, it was as if they were all attached by something solid. They never got any closer or further away from each other as they moved along the night sky.
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“The Moon is a key witness of the early conditions when life emerged on our planet. As the daughter of the Earth, she holds keys for understanding our origins and for preparing for the future exploration of the Solar System.”
Bernard Foing, ESA's SMART-1 Project Scientist
The fashionable theory is that the Moon is the result of a collision during the birth of the Solar System 4500 million years ago. When the Earth was nearly complete, a gigantic wandering asteroid the size of Mars supposedly collided with our planet, flinging vapourised rock and debris from both bodies into space. Some of it went into orbit around the Earth, and congealed to make the Moon.
The impact would have greatly altered the outer layers of the Earth too. So fuller understanding of both the Earth and the Moon depends crucially on confirming or refuting this theory.
If the story is right, then the Moon should contain less iron than the Earth, in proportion to lighter elements such as magnesium and aluminium. By gauging the relative amounts of chemical elements comprehensively for the very first time, SMART-1 can make a distinctive contribution to this momentous scientific issue.
D-CIXS (pronounced dee-kicks) is the instrument for the job. X-rays from the Sun cause atoms in the lunar surface to fluoresce, emitting X-rays of their own. The precise energy carried by each X-ray is a signature of the element emitting it.
“Surprisingly, no one has yet made the observations that we plan. That's why our small instrument on the small SMART-1 spacecraft has the chance to make a big contribution to understanding the Moon and its relation to the Earth.”
Manuel Grande, UK's Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, D-CIXS Team Leader
OTHER THEORIES
1. Earth smashed into Planet Theia.
Known as the giant impact hypothesis, the reigning lunar origin theory holds that the moon formed when Earth collided with a planet half its size—roughly as big as Mars—some 4.5 billion years ago. (Scientists call this imagined planet Theia after the deity who gave birth to the moon goddess in ancient Greek mythology.) The crash caused debris from both celestial bodies to orbit Earth—then a ball of partly molten rock rather than the solid orb we know today—and eventually coalesce to create the moon. Dating back to the mid-1970s, this model implies that the moon is an amalgam of materials from both Earth and Theia. A study published March 25 in the journal Nature Geoscience called the giant impact hypothesis into question by showing that the moon’s composition is nearly identical to Earth’s, suggesting that another planet had little or no contribution after all.
2. The moon once filled the Pacific Ocean’s basin.
Charles Darwin’s son George, an astronomer and physicist, first proposed the fission theory of moon formation in the late 1800s. According to this hypothesis, a chunk of matter spun off from a whirling Earth early in the history of the solar system and became our planet’s satellite. Geologist Osmond Fisher took the concept a step further, proposing that the Pacific Ocean occupies the space once filled by the moon. It wasn’t until well into the 20th century that fission fell out of favor, partly because scientists determined that a force capable of dislodging a moon-sized piece of Earth would have destroyed the planet. Lunar rocks collected during the Apollo missions indicated that the moon was once hotter than Earth, offering more evidence against fission.
3. Earth ensnared a drifting moon.
According to the capture theory, the moon formed elsewhere in the solar system and happened to hurtle past Earth at just the right moment. As a result, Earth’s gravitational field “captured” the moon and brought it into orbit. Scientists now believe an object as large as the moon would have broken apart or bounced off after encountering the forces surrounding Earth. They also consider it unlikely that conditions would have allowed such an auspicious meeting.
4. Earth and the moon were twins.
The condensation or co-accretion hypothesis states that the moon and Earth were born at the same time, sprouting from a single cloud of material within the original nebula that created the entire solar system. This event would have taken place shortly after the Big Bang some 13 billion years ago. If co-accretion formed Earth and the moon, however, gravitational forces would have fused both celestial bodies or they would share more basic characteristics, experts now think.
5. Two moons crashed to form one.
In a study published last August, researchers speculated about another major milestone in the moon’s very early history—one that might account for its two very different faces. (The near side of the moon is low and flat, while the far side is high and mountainous.) The paper posited that a tiny second moon once orbited Earth before slamming into its sibling, roughing up the larger satellite’s surface. Scientists had previously believed that gravitational forces created the far side’s highlands.
“11 transient bright flashes were detected in Jupiter’s atmosphere using the UVS instrument on the Juno spacecraft. These bright flashes are only observed in a single spin of the spacecraft and their brightness decays exponentially with time, with a duration of ∼1.4 ms.”
As described in a new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, astronomers working on the Juno project – NASA’s tiny spacecraft that’s been orbiting Jupiter since 2016 – were looking at new data collected by its ultraviolet spectrograph instrument (UVS) when they spotted never-before-seen flashing lights. They had expected to see auroras but not flashes, according to the press release. They could be ‘sprites’ – tall, sinewy transient luminous events (TLEs) that occur in Earth’s upper atmosphere and are triggered by lightning discharges from thunderstorms below them – or ‘elves’, which are flat Emission of Light and Very Low Frequency due to Electromagnetic Pulse Sources, or sprite halos, which are flat sprites caused by weak ionization. Sprites, elves and sprite halos are generally red due to interaction with nitrogen, but the lights on Jupiter are blue or pink from the hydrogen in the gas giant’s upper atmosphere.
This illustration shows what a sprite could look like in Jupiter’s atmosphere.
(Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI)
Wait a minute, you say … the Moon has flashes too, but doesn’t have much of an atmosphere and no thunderstorms.
Good observation. The flashes on the Moon are referred to as Transient Lunar Phenomena which, although they’ve been reported for a thousand years, are irreproducible on Earth and doubted by many scientists. They could be caused by gas escaping from underground cavities, meteor showers, electrostatic discharge from the surface cracking or just reflections or distortions in observation lenses.
While sprites and elves were predicted to be found on Jupiter, Juno had found nothing but lighting until recently. This cause was ruled out for these new lights because they occurred 186 miles (300 km) above the altitude where most of the planet’s lightning forms, and because the colors were different.
Sprite on Earth observed from the International Space Station
Is this big news? Rohini Giles, Juno scientist and lead author, thinks so.
“Now that we know what we are looking for, it will be easier to find them at Jupiter and on other planets. And comparing sprites and elves from Jupiter with those here on Earth will help us better understand electrical activity in planetary atmospheres.”
That’s a good idea for the time when space probes travel at much lower altitudes and could be fried by electrical discharges.
Who would have thought a giant planet could have sprites and elves? This will make for some interesting sci-fi fairy tales.
RELATED PHOTOS AND VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
On Earth, sprites and elves appear reddish in color due to their interaction with nitrogen in the upper atmosphere
A rotating, solar-powered spacecraft, Juno, arrived at Jupiter in 2016 after making a five-year journey. Since then, it has made 29 science flybys of the gas giant, each orbit taking 53 days
A gigantic asteroid named Apophis (it’s also been nicknamed the “God of Chaos”) is picking up speed and may end up hitting us in the year 2068. If it does hit, since the asteroid measures more than 1,000 feet in width, the results would be catastrophic as the impact would be equivalent to 880 million tons of TNT.
Asteroid Apophis is composed of rocky materials with a mix of metallic nickel and iron. The fact that it is gaining speed increases the possibility of it hitting the Earth on April 12, 2068. They call this burst of speed the Yarkovsky effect, which is when sunlight heats up the dayside of a rotating asteroid and as it turns, the night side releases the heat which gives it a push through space.
When it was first discovered back in June of 2004 by astronomers Roy Tucker, David Tholen and Fabrizio Bernardi at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Arizona, experts claimed that there was no chance of it hitting us. Ever since its discovery, the asteroid has been studied as it orbits our sun (it completes a full orbit in less than one Earth year) and the new findings do suggest that there is a chance of it hitting us in 48 years.
(Not the asteroid Apophis)
David Tholen, who is one of the astronomers who first detected the asteroid, explained, “The new observations we obtained with the Subaru telescope earlier this year were good enough to reveal the Yarkovsky acceleration of Apophis, and they show that the asteroid is drifting away from a purely gravitational orbit by about 170 meters per year, which is enough to keep the 2068 impact scenario in play.”
In fact, it has been ranked the third-highest threat on NASA’s Sentry Risk Table, behind asteroid (29075) 1950 DA, and asteroid Bennu. According to the table, Apophis has a 1 in 150,000 chance of hitting us. The first two won’t hit for a long time as asteroid (29075) 1950 DA has a 1 in 8,300 chance of hitting Earth in the year 2880, while Bennu has a 1 in 2,700 probability of impacting us sometime between the years 2175 and 2199.
(Not the asteroid Apophis)
There is a lot more research that needs to be done in regards to Apophis’ orbit to know for sure whether or not it will hit us. Experts have changed their minds on whether or not it will impact us. Back when it was first discovered, they said that an impact was impossible, then there was a 2.7% chance, and now it will pass by us at a distance of just under 20,000 miles from our planet. What is known for sure is that this is the first time that scientists have been able to see and study in advance an asteroid of this gigantic size that may come very close to hitting us.
Researchers have stated that they will “know well before 2068 if there is any chance of an impact”. Let’s hope they’re right. Pictures of the asteroid Apophis can be seen here.
An asteroid named after the God of Chaos is gaining as it travels on a path twoards Earth – and could strike our planet in 48 years. Astronomers confirmed Apophis (circled) has accelerated on its path due to non-uniform radiation, which acts like a tiny thruster
Prior to the discovery, the impact was said to impossible, but the new findings suggest the asteroid has a chance of crashing into Earth on April 12, 2068. An impact would be equivalent to 880 million tons of trinitrotoluene (TNT) exploding all at once. (Pictured are images of the asteroid in 2012)
The asteroid contains nickel and iron and radar images suggest it is elongated with the two lobes, making it look something like a peanut (artist impression). Data estimates that there is a one in 150,000 chance of the asteroid hitting Earth in 48 years
NASA Whistleblower On NEO Asteroid Apophis is Apollyon in Revelation, Could Hit Earth, Angel to Bottomless Pit
NASA Whistleblower On NEO Asteroid Apophis is Apollyon in Revelation, Could Hit Earth, Angel to Bottomless Pit
NASA Whistleblower On NEO Asteroid Apophis is Apollyon in Revelation, Could Hit Earth, Angel to Bottomless Pit
Revelation Chapter 9 King James Version 9 Verse 1 KJV And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit. 9 Verse 11 KJV And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon.
October 30, 1938: Orson Wells and "The War of the worlds" radio show.
October 30, 1938: Orson Wells and "The War of the worlds" radio show.
Years ago, Sunday night was radio prime time. Enter Orson Wells. On Sunday, October 30, 1038 at 8 p.m, a voice announced:
“The Columbia Broadcasting System and its affiliated stations present Orson Welles and the Mercury Theater on the air in ‘War of the Worlds’ by H.G. Wells.”
The broadcast was so good that people were in panic from coast to coast. In other words, many really believed that we were being invaded by aliens.
Let me recommend that you check out the whole show. It is one of the finest audio programs ever made.
I can understand why so many people bought into the Martian attack. Fantastic!
Glowing UFO In Forest In Guadalajara, Mexico Oct 8, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing UFO In Forest In Guadalajara, Mexico Oct 8, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Oct 8, 2020 Location of sighting: Guadalajara, Mexico
The eyewitness and his family was visiting Hue Titan Canyon, a mountain forest in Guadalajara, Mexico. The family noticed a strange shiny object in the trees moving around and changing shape. It looks like an alien sphere that is exploring and analyzing the forest life. Aliens are not just interested in humans, but also care about all things in nature. Knowledge is what they seek. However this one is very close to the people...so I have to ask...who is watching who here?
Glowing Object Over Guatemala On Oct 27, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing Object Over Guatemala On Oct 27, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Oct 27, 2020
Location of sighting: Guatemala
This seems strange, however its explainable. The shine of the craft is because its a white reflective material which makes the object impossible to record it in its true detail. I have found many alien structures on earths moon made of such material and this is how they appear to the NASA cameras too.
Guatemala is near the ocean, which has had a lot of UFO reports over the last decade...but most coming from Cuba and Costa Rica. I believe the UFOs come from underground bases under volcanos in that region.
White Orbs Seen In Sky Over London, England Oct 26, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
White Orbs Seen In Sky Over London, England Oct 26, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Oct 27, 2020 Location of sighting: London, England
I have reported similar UFOs this week. Those are cloud orbs. They are dropped off by a mother orb..which is not much bigger, but produces over 100 other similar size orbs. At least thats what I get from past UFO video reports about a decade ago in Japan. Here its London, but I reported the same white orbs over Mexico, Hawaii, Colorado, California and Japan...all this week. So...you see...I have seen these orbs a lot in the last 15 years. And only seen a mother orb three times on video during that time. Rare...but the orbs you see in this video come from a mother orb releasing them one by one in this vicinity.
Bright unknown object flying towards camera while filming moving orb
Bright unknown object flying towards camera while filming moving orb
An incredible bright unknown object appears out of nowhere flying towards the camera at high speed while filming a moving orb in Deerfield, New York.
The strange event happened on October 29, 2020, when a fast moving orb was observed during a party in Deerfield New York on which they started to film the orb that seemed to communicate with the people. Every time a question was asked, the orb started to flash.
What could this bright object, that appears and disappears in a split second, have been and does it have anything to do with the fast moving orb over Deerfield, New York?
Did The Soviet Union Discover Aliens In The Deepest Lake In The World?
Did The Soviet Union Discover Aliens In The Deepest Lake In The World?
Case 1: The crew of a Russian submarine detect on the sonar 6 disc-shaped objects what appear to be alien spacecraft traveling in formation at a depth of about 260 meters.
The speed of the USOs are traveling is about 260 miles per hour, then the 6 objects come out of the water and take off at an incredible speed.
Case 2: Under the waters of Lake Baikal, 7 Russian divers are exploring the world deepest freshwater lake on a research mission, but 50 meters underwater, strange humanoid creatures appear and in an attempt to capture one of them, all the divers are pushed up to the top by an unknown force.
Who were these creatures and what can we learn from this encounter?
On October 28, 2020 NASA's Satellite Lasco C3 captured a massive winged UFO just as the alien craft passed the sun.
Skip to the slow motion clip at 0.30 minutes if you want to see clear images of the UFO.
It’s known that high energy particles hitting the camera all the time and sometimes it turns out that an unidentified object is just a camera reflection but in recent years enough evidence has been gathered to know that many objects near the sun are not always reflections or high energy particles but huge spacecraft mostly under under intelligent control.
This UFO was caught on tape in the sky above Guatemala. It looks like some kind of a flying-saucer shaped craft that “run off” at very high speed at the end of the video.
What do you think about this footage?
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Studying the End of the World: The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
Studying the End of the World: The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
Throughout the history of civilization, the concept of the apocalypse has been ever present, in one way or another. The envisioned revelation, the feared end of the world that will herald an age of purification through horrific and chaotic means, has been a part of every major religion and belief throughout the centuries. But one of the most interesting prophecies relates to the famous Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, which are described in the Bible’s Book of Revelation.
“…and behold, a black horse…”
Today we’re bringing you this concept in detail. Together we will envision this end of the world, this crumbling of civilizations at the hands of War, Famine, Pestilence, and Disease, and dissect this prophecy and its various interpretations throughout history.
Could there be a speck of truth in this vision? Did the Four Horsemen already thunder across the fields of the earth? Let’s find out.
When Seven Trumpets Shall Sound! The Origins of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
In the New Testament – the second part of the Bible – and in its last book, which is called the Book of Revelation, written by John the Theologian of Patmos, there is a chapter which relates to us the story of a doomsday revelation, of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse which descend on the earth to decimate the population.
Each of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse represent different aspects of the cleansing of the earth, by Russian painter Viktor Vasnetsov.
The most straightforward and widely agreed interpretation of this chapter is the description of a period in history when a large part of earth’s population would perish through a combination of wars, diseases, and hunger. In the Bible, these hardships are described as horsemen, riding in succession at the behest of Jesus, in the form of the Lamb of God. This title comes from the Bible, John 1:29, when John the Baptist exclaims: “Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world.”
The chapter begins by describing a divine scroll, held by God in his right hand, and sealed with seven seals. Their opening, and the subsequent apocalypse, would usher the second coming of Jesus.
Each one of these seven seals represent a different aspect of the apocalypse: the first four relate to the horsemen, the fifth releases the martyr’s cries for the God’s wrath , the sixth ushers a series of cataclysmic natural disasters, while the seventh calls forth the seven angelic trumpeters, who carry seven vials of plagues and divine wrath, which they pour out on the sinful and the wicked. The Lamb of God, being worthy to open the first four seals, does so, and summons forth, one after another, the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, setting in motion the ferocious cleansing of the earth.
“And I saw and behold a white horse: and he that sat on him had a bow; and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conquering, and to conquer.”
– Revelation, 6:2
Throughout history, various sources often explained the first rider in various different ways, since his role is the only one not explicitly stated. While most interpreters agreed that the white rider symbolizes disease and pestilence, it wasn’t always the usual claim. There is a widely attested description that places this white horseman as a metaphor for righteousness.
In a world where sin is rampant, a righteous harbinger of justice and righteousness would seem a fitting purifier in an apocalypse. The crown that was “given unto him” could signify the rule of justice above all, or symbolize a truly just leader, if such a one can exist.
But the symbolism of disease and pestilence could still be the most plausible description. The aspect of a conqueror is cognate with the sweeping of a major plague (the Great Plague is a good example) and the crown would symbolize the ultimate rule of death above all else.
The first horseman, the White Rider, of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
But as the time progressed, and by the time of the beginning of the 16th century, many have come to interpret the white rider as the personification of the Second Coming of Christ, or even Christ himself. At the time of the major crisis and the break of Western Christianity with the reforms of Martin Luther, this came as a most logical and accepted explanation.
The white color of the horse and the rider was quickly connected with divine purity and absence of sin, and the bow he carried as the tool of divine punishment. Likewise, the white rider was interpreted as the Holy Spirit – pure and just.
Another popular view is much simpler – the white horseman could just be the personification of mass conquest. The passage, relating to the rider that “went forth conquering, and to conquer” could simply be that – a descent of a prophesied conqueror that will enslave the populace of the earth.
The Red Horseman of the Apocalypse
“And there went out another horse that was red: and power was given to him that sat thereon to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another: and there was given unto him a great sword.”
– Revelation 6:4
The Red Horseman is widely connected with war. The translations often correlate in the descriptions: the horse is “fiery” red, and the rider bears an upright sword in preparation for battle. The red color is thought to symbolize the fire and blood of warfare, and the rider’s ability to make men kill one another clearly symbolizes constant and global warfare .
The second horseman, the Red Rider, of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
War as an apocalyptic aspect was always present throughout time and is the most straightforward herald of death.
In Matthew, 24:6-7, Christ states: “And ye shall hear of wars and rumors of wars; For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom…” This quote clearly relates to the ever-present aspect of warfare as a symbol of the final revelation.
Another interesting quote could also be adapted to the Red Horseman and warfare as the aspect of evil and the Antichrist:
“From the eternal sea he rises, creating armies on either shore, turning man against his brother, until man exists no more.”
The red horseman could also signify the sin of hatred and aggression as a contributing factor to the prophesized end of the world. And in a paradoxical turn of events, the Lamb of God releases that same aggression to smite the wicked with fire and sword. The prophecy of constant warfare that is supposed to descend on earth is clearly described with the red rider having divine authority to take peace from the earth .
The Black Horseman of the Apocalypse
“And I beheld, and lo a black horse; and he that sat on him had a pair of balances in his hand. And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.”
– Revelation 6:5-6
Another easily interpreted figure, the black horseman was almost always universally described as a personification of Famine. The horse’s black color was widely attributed to negative aspects – mourning, carrion ravens, night, desolation, and bleakness – all of which are aspects of famine as well. The rider is said to carry in his hands a pair of balances.
This is the chosen translation of the original word – the Greek zugón – which generally means a “yoke”, as in a burden and a yoke for oxen. Both description carry negative connotations. The yoke is synonymous with servitude and slavery, and the pair of scales signifies the rationing and measuring of food. This was the common ancient practice of ascribing value to things.
The passage states that a single penny (orig. denarius) would be sufficient to acquire only a meager ration of wheat, and even less of barley. This is clearly an ancient view of what a famine would look like, since wheat was a staple of the diet and without it bread was lost.
The final part of the passage states that while the prices of wheat and barley are affected, the ones of oil and wine are not to be changed. This was interpreted in several different ways, and could signify a paradoxical aspect, in which the staple foods are gone, while wine remains – furthering the famine while leaving the luxuries which cannot feed a man.
One popular interpretation states that the black horseman signifies the Imperial, ruling oppression of the lower class. The rich rulers hold the scales and dispense what meager rations they deem sufficient, while the luxuries remain abundant and out of reach for the poor. A growing divide between classes and fellow men could be a perfect aspect of an end time revelation.
The Pale Horseman of the Apocalypse
“And I looked and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was given unto them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth.”
- Revelation 6:8
The final, fourth horseman serves as a sort of epilogue, a dramatic crescendo that culminates with the most powerful and feared rider – Death itself. In the entire chapter, he is the only rider who was named, and the only one without a weapon – for he himself is a weapon. The rider and the horse are depicted as pallid, bearing the sickly and lifeless color of a corpse, and the ability to extinguish all manner of earthly life through various natural means.
The pale rider contains elements of all preceding ones and could be termed the most significant of the four. In his wake follows hell, the final culmination of all things horrific, seemingly ready to swallow all the wicked that will perish in the apocalypse.
The fourth horseman, Death, of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
The part that states that power was given unto them over the fourth of the earth could be interpreted in various ways. While it could be that all four riders would wreak havoc over a quarter of the planet, it could also signify that each of the four would have a single quarter of the earth.
The passage states that the rider would kill with the beasts of the earth . This could be a hint to the animals and the nature that promptly retake the regions which are depopulated, signifying the ultimate reign of wild nature over the man.
Death Rides a Pale Horse – Apocalypse in Art
The prophecy of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse has long been the subject of inspiration for many artists, who chose that influential and critical subject as the source for monumental artworks. Throughout time, many artists portrayed the horsemen in the way they interpreted them, which also provides good insight into the prophecy.
One of the more popular depictions was made in 1887, by the renowned Russian painter Viktor Vasnetsov. His large painting, “Воины Апокалипсиса” , is a colorful and detailed, contemporary depiction of Death, War, Conquest, and Famine. They are given modern attributes and were intended to reflect on the populace of the time.
Some of the earlier, medieval depictions are much more dramatic and almost unsettling, certainly aimed at putting fear into the more doubtful believers. One such depiction was made between 1496 and 1498, by Albrecht Dürer, the renowned artist of the German Renaissance. His dramatic woodcut represents the four horsemen as elderly, ghastly, and emaciated men, whose equally unsettling stallions are trampling the sinful and gluttonous people below.
Woodcut by Albrecht Dürer of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
A similar woodcut was made between 1851 and 1860, by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, a German painter, who portrayed a savage and merciless massacre of sinners by the four riders, all under the watchful eyes of the Lamb of God.
Until Man Exists No More
To date, the story of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse remains as a stark vision of the paradoxical, inherent nature of man. From its earliest forms it served as a warning for the wicked to change their ways, a plea for temperance and peace, for moderation and humility.
Yet we see that in the 21st century, much that was described in the Book of Revelation has come to pass. From countless famines, to plagues and pestilences, to endless wars and decadence – the apocalypse seems to have occurred several times over. Or is it yet to come?
Top image: 1796 painting "Death on a Pale Horse" artist depiction of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
The discovery is teaching scientists about comet composition.
This image shows the outline of Skull-Top Ridge, the second landing site on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for the Rosetta spacecraft's Philae lander, which set down on Nov. 12, 2014.
Scientists have found the second place where a bouncing European lander touched down on a comet six years ago — a discovery that's shedding considerable light on the icy wanderer's composition.
The Philae lander, part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Rosetta mission, deployed from its mothership on Nov. 12, 2014 and headed down for the first-ever soft touchdown on the surface of a comet, the 2.5-mile-wide (4 kilometers) Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
Philae managed to notch that milestone, but the landing didn't exactly go according to plan. The 220-lb. (100 kilograms) lander's anchoring harpoons failed to fire properly, and Philae bounced off Comet 67P in two different places before coming to a rest in a dark cave-like structure two hours after first contacting the surface. (The comet's gravitational pull is 50,000 times weaker than that of Earth, so things that bounce there tend to stay up a while.)
Philae couldn't snag enough sunlight in its final location to recharge its secondary battery, so the lander collected science data for only a few days. Still, the lander's varied observations have helped scientists better understand 67P and comets in general.
The Rosetta team quickly spotted Philae's first touchdown site in imagery captured by the Rosetta orbiter mothership, which began circling Comet 67P in August 2014. Philae itself was found in September 2016 after an extensive imagery search, but the location of the second touchdown site had remained elusive.
"Philae had left us with one final mystery waiting to be solved," ESA's Laurence O'Rourke, who led the successful hunt for Philae, said in a statement. "It was important to find the touchdown site, because sensors on Philae indicated that it had dug into the surface, most likely exposing the primitive ice hidden underneath, which would give us invaluable access to billions-of-years-old ice."
This animated graphic shows where the Philae lander bounced on its second touchdown, creating one of the "eyes" in a site now called "Skull-Top Ridge" on the Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014. (Image credit: Images: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA; Analysis: O’Rourke et al (2020))
Touchdown at 'Skull-Top Ridge'
That mystery has now been solved, a new study reports. After analyzing reams of data gathered by the Rosetta orbiter and Philae — especially readings from the lander's magnetometer, which sits at the end of a 19-inch (48 centimeters) boom and registered every impact — a team led by O'Rourke has found the second touchdown site.
The spot lies just 100 feet (30 meters) from Philae's final resting place, the researchers report in the new study, which was published online today (Oct. 28) in the journal Nature. O'Rourke and his colleagues determined that Philae spent nearly two minutes at the second touchdown site, hitting the surface at least four different times in the process.
"The shape of the boulders impacted by Philae reminded me of a skull when viewed from above, so I decided to nickname the region 'skull-top ridge' and to continue that theme for other features observed," O'Rourke said. "The right 'eye' of the 'skull face' was made by Philae's top surface compressing the dust while the gap between the boulders is 'skull-top crevice,' where Philae acted like a windmill to pass between them."
This graphic presents the data collected by Philae’s ROMAP instrument — a magnetometer boom — during the time of the second touchdown on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on Nov. 12, 2014, matched with imagery showing evidence of the key moments of Philae’s interaction with the surface. (Image credit: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA; Data: ESA/Rosetta/Philae/ROMAP; Analysis: O’Rourke et al (2020))
These impacts unearthed bright material that the researchers determined to be water ice. The freshly excavated stuff looked quite different than the rest of Comet 67P's surface, which has been weathered by the harsh space environment, team members said.
And one of the impacts gouged a 10-inch-deep (25 centimeters) dent into a Comet 67P ice boulder — a scar that betrays a very soft body. Indeed, the researchers calculated that 67P's ice-dust interior is "fluffier than froth on a cappuccino, or the foam found in a bubble bath or on top of waves at the seashore," O'Rourke said.
The study team further calculated a porosity of 75% for that wounded boulder, meaning that it's three-quarters empty space. That figure is consistent with the porosity value for Comet 67P in its entirety, which mission team members determined in a previous study.
Neither Philae nor the Rosetta orbiter is still operational. The lander gave up the ghost early on, and mission team members guided its mothership (by then low on fuel) to a soft, controlled crash on Comet 67P's surface in September 2016. But the new results show that the historic mission, which launched all the way back in March 2004, continues to bear scientific fruit.
"This is a fantastic multi-instrument result that not only fills in the gaps in the story of Philae’s bouncy journey but also informs us about the nature of the comet," Matt Taylor, ESA's Rosetta project scientist, said in the same statement, referring to the new study.
"In particular, understanding the strength of a comet is critical for future lander missions," added Taylor, who was not involved in the newly published research. "That the comet has such a fluffy interior is really valuable information in terms of how to design the landing mechanisms, and also for the mechanical processes that might be needed to retrieve samples."
But designers of comet-sampling missions may be in for a real challenge, planetary scientist Erik Asphaug noted in a "News and Views" piece about the Philae results that was also published today in Nature.
Asphaug pointed out that Philae's planned touchdown site — the locale that hosted its first bounce — was a flat plain. Such regions, while (theoretically) easier to land on, are often covered by many meters of "lag" deposits, dust particles too hefty to be carried off by water vapor and other volatile gases that are boiled off when comets pass close to the sun, Asphaug wrote.
The plains therefore aren't likely to harbor easily accessible pristine material left over from the solar system's earliest days. Rather, Asphaug wrote, the new results "suggest that the best places to sample comets will not be the flat plains, but along the newly exposed ridges, cliffs and boulder piles, which are more difficult to land on."
Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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