The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
21-11-2020
City Lights or UFO Lightships seen on ISS Live Feed?
City Lights or UFO Lightships seen on ISS Live Feed?
With the on going UFO activity above earth, now a series of odd-shaped light objects have been captured on the ISS live feed, the last days.
What are these colorful anomalies seemly moving in our atmosphere? Are they UFO-lightships or some kind of space debris or does the ISS just fly over city lights on the dark side of the earth?
You can find and watch these anomalies at the following video links of the ISS HD Earth Viewing Experiment.
UFC Legend Diego Sanchez Shares His UFO Experience
UFC Legend Diego Sanchez Shares His UFO Experience
UFC fighter Diego Sanchez claims a UFO visited him on November 11 2020. Yes, you did read that right. The New Mexico resident says a UFO flew over his house and believes it was watching him. Sanchez got his daughter to witness the bizarre moment too.
While trip sightings are regular in Albuquerque, Sanchez said that the one they saw was watching him.
The MMA career record of Sanchez stands at 30-13 and holds a victory over Nick Diaz. Also, he’s in the UFC Hall of Fame for his fight with Clay Guida, regarded as one of the best contests of 2009. His last fight against Jake Matthews was a loss in September at Fight Island. After holding a 17-0 career record, Sanchez has had 19 fights since 2009 but never won more than two in a row.
Now in the twilight parts of his career at 38, he is connecting with aliens in his downtime. No schedule of return to the octagon yet for Sanchez. Conor McGregor has openly showed an interest in fighting Sanchez this year, though.
Fermi’s New Paradox: If AI Analysts Are So Obvious, Where is Everybody?
Fermi’s New Paradox: If AI Analysts Are So Obvious, Where is Everybody?
UBS AM’s Bryan Cross says the goal of embedding AI in the investment process has failed because the aim has been misguided.
Bryan Cross
Over the lunch-hour din of the cafeteria, there was a shimmer in the air—a sense that something great was being discovered. This was different than a normal lunchtime in 1950 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, where the Cold War had mobilized the West’s brightest minds. Normally, one could expect breakthroughs in particle physics or in fusion power, but there was a buzz on this day that could not be attributed to the Chicken Kiev.
Four great minds were at work solving one of life’s great existential questions: Are we alone in the universe? This question led to more questions, as the Manhattan Project alums scribbled calculations on napkins: How many stars are in the universe? How many are like the Earth’s sun? How many have planets? How many have planets that are old enough to transmit information as far as the Earth?
It was a frenzy. A crowd began to gather, as many were aware of the recent reports of UFO sightings nearby. Finally, as the calculations poured forth and the empty Coca-Cola bottles piled up, the math became obvious: There must be intelligent extraterrestrial life somewhere in outer space; the vastness of the universe assured the outcome to be true.
The hand of Enrico Fermi, an Italian-American physicist from the University of Chicago, slammed the table—BAM! The “architect of the nuclear age” was troubled, though, because the conclusion did not make sense. “But where is everybody?” he pondered.
The contradiction between the math and the lack of evidence—if the conclusion that intelligent extraterrestrial life exists is so obvious, then where is it?—has become known as the Fermi Paradox.
A Computerized Buffett on Every Team—An Investor’s
Dream Just as those scientists looked to the stars for signs of intelligent life, investing has for decades looked to computers and quantitative methods for signs of artificial intelligence that can help make smarter decisions. But after decades of experimentation and development, finance is now confronted with a similar paradox.
There is a persistent dream of putting an AI-driven version of Warren Buffet on every investment team—one with all the positive qualities but none of the negative biases and behavioral errors that come pre-installed in humans. The excitement of building such a revolutionary computer-based system to pick investments has driven billions of dollars of investment into developing systems and hiring big-brained PhDs. The share of job openings in finance that are computer or math driven has nearly quadrupled since the Great Financial Crisis.
But despite all the investments made, decades of academic papers produced, computer systems developed, and fortunes made in quant investing, the vast majority of actively managed assets are still non-quantitative in nature.
Traditional active managers will tell you that quantitative techniques are not long-term enough and they will question whether a diverse portfolio can really know anything about the “risk” of a company. Quantitative practitioners will fire back with a long-dated backtest or logic derived from (perhaps flawed) statistical techniques, and say, “Isn’t it obvious that quantitative techniques are superior to anecdotal and heuristic-driven investment?”
The two schools of thought are seemingly opposed and have spent the better part of decades without reconciliation. Sure, some quantitative techniques have permeated into risk management or screening for stocks, but there is no AI analyst working side by side with humans to make investment decisions better. Why not?
Combining human-driven investment research with assistance from a junior AI researcher would leverage the best of both worlds. A team like that would combine the long-term, complex thinking of a human with the unbiased, quantitative, evidence-based decision-making of AI.
Combining humans with AI to perform investment research seems such an obvious goal, and the resources being thrown at the problem are vast. But that being so, where are the AI investment analysts? In order to resolve this version of the Fermi Paradox, we need to rethink how finance approaches the use of AI.
The Goal of Embedding AI Has Failed Because the Aim is Misguided
In a classic scene from the movie Jurassic Park, the mathematician Ian Malcolm muses that scientists “were so preoccupied with whether or not you could, you didn’t stop to think if you should.”
This is emblematic of the state of AI research, particularly in its application to quantitative finance. Everyone is so eager to demonstrate they are “state of the art” that there is no thinking aimed at applying AI in the right way.
The search trends in the graph below demonstrate the fashion for doing something “fancy”, rather than building something transformative in the right manner.
In quantitative finance, this trend has manifested itself in the overuse (and potentially misuse) of alternative data combined with machine learning. Rather than thinking about the longer-term solutions to the problem, participants in the field are rushing to outperform each other using niche data to perform task-specific solutions.
As a result, the alpha itself is fleeting and the applications don’t generalize across a broad spectrum of investment problems. Additionally, the industry is laden with tales of good intentions that fail to get adopted into the traditional investment workflow.
Aligning AI with How Investors Think is the Key to Progress
If one stops to think about what makes a great investor, it’s not typically a niche, task-specific process that differentiates the legends from the temporarily lucky.
Because markets are complex systems whose dancing landscapes are constantly changing, the best investors are generalists by nature; they take mental models and are able to apply them over and over again. They don’t merely learn facts; rather, they learn models and systems so as to build a toolkit in order to pick the best tool for the job at hand.
The computational complexity is low and the objective is to handicap all possible outcomes—to discount the implied market, not to forecast. They think about what investments present asymmetric payouts from a probabilistic perspective in a folksy back-of-the-envelope manner.
To build AI that can successfully be implemented in the investment process, we must align the design of the machine with the cognitive tasks of great investors.
Our team at UBS Asset Management, called Quantitative Evidence & Data Science, or QED, has taken the approach of focusing on investor workflows as a guiding principle. Essentially, we want to understand what are the things that investors do, so we can better help them make better decisions.
In the next several years, QED will be spending more and more time focusing on how to generalize these workflows and to combine them with heuristics to form investment conclusions. Our goal is to create a form of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) that can apply reasoning to identify and apply mental models hidden in novel problems and then, ultimately, make an investment recommendation. In the next year, we will focus on aligning our machines with real investment workflows so that the AGI can make real investment recommendations.
This may seem an audacious goal. But the process of getting there is the best way for us to help drive the application of science to the fundamental investment process. As we solve problems in the path towards AGI, we can directly apply the solutions to investment workflows.
Finding AI: The Human Plus AGI Analyst Team of the Future
Does this mean that QED is trying to disintermediate human financial analysts? Not at all. In Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?—which is the basis for the classic film Bladerunner—humans apply the Voigt-Kampff test to potential replicants (AIs) to determine whether they are human or AI.
The test presents disturbing images to the subject: If the subject shows empathy, he/she is human; if no empathy is witnessed, the test proves the subject is AI. Empathy is the secret weapon of human analysts, and because human goals—like saving for retirement, or investing in a climate-aware manner—are the raison d’etre for investing, we will always need real people in the loop.
While QED’s goal is to develop an AGI, it is doing so in the context of having an empathic human working alongside a machine agent to produce better client outcomes.
The benefits of an AI/human partnership to client outcomes are clear and should motivate us to pursue this opportunity. The effort to build a successful integration of AI into the investment process doesn’t need to yield inconclusive results like the Fermi Paradox. Finance must align the design of AI with how investors think, and as part of an empathic human partnership. Otherwise, the efforts are in danger of becoming just a fancy tool that operates at the periphery, and we’ll all be left to ponder that, if it was so obvious, then where are all the AI analysts?
Bryan Cross is the head of UBS Asset Management’s Quantitative Evidence and Data Science team (QED). To read more on how QED functions inside of UBS AM, click here. Bryan also joined the Waters Wavelength Podcast to talk about a range of topics in the field of quantitative finance.
A BLACK disc flying was spotted in the sky above the former Brymbo steelworks.
Residents and dog walkers watched the strange object fly from the direction of Chirk towards Hawarden and Broughton.
Once 60-year-old witness was in his back garden when he saw the disc flying at an estimated height of 100m at 5.30pm on Thursday (September 24).
Although he has no idea what it was, he is certain it wasn't an aircraft, drone or balloon.
He said: "It came from Chirk towards Queensferry.
"It was a flat disc, it was very strange. The wind was going in another direction, so I don't think it was floating, so it wasn't a balloon or a bin liner, it went in a straight line.
"It seemed to be 100ft high at the most. It was about as big as a car."
"There was nobody attached to it and their wasn't a cabin, so it didn't appear to be a craft. It wasn't a drone, when I first saw if I thought someone has let a balloon go. But when I looked at it I could see it was flat.Then it turned over so the bottom was the top, and then it flew again. It wasn't going up or done, or side to side, it was going in a perfectly straight line.
"I could hear dogwalkers saying 'Look at that?' and 'What is that?'.
He believes others will have saw the object as it was at a time when people would be driving home from work, and it appeared to pass over Brymbo, Pentre Broughton, Tanyfron, Caergwrle, and possibly Queensferry, as it headed in the direction of Hawarden and Broughton.
He hopes someone can explain what it was.
The witness added: "I took a video of it on my tablet for about 12 seconds. But when I looked it hadn't worked. But I tried videoing something later and it was absolutely fine."
Delamere actor Nathan Head, who hosts the paranormal investigation series Apparitions on Amazon Prime, says Wrexham is a hotspot for UFO sightings.
He said: "Its not the first time. In 2019 there were lots of reports of sudden flashes of light in the sky above Wrexham.
"I've not heard of a black disc before, usually its a black triangle if it is black. Perhaps it was metallic but because of the light and shadow it appeared black.
"In the 1970s there were lots of UFO sightings in Llandrillo, which isn't too far from Wrexham really. That too was flashing lights in the sky. Independent scientists claimed they were a rare type of lightning caused by earthquakes, a loud noise and bright flashes. The MOD suggested it was a crashed meteor, but no official explanation was given.
"An earthquake light doesn't explain the black disc though. That sounds more physical, like an actual spacecraft. Its exciting to consider the possibilities."
The audio shows that Perseverance's entry, descent and landing microphone is working well.
NASA's next Mars rover isn't keeping quiet during its long trek to the Red Planet.
A microphone aboard the Mars 2020 rover Perseverance, which launched on July 30 and will touch down on Feb. 18, 2021, captured the whirring sound made by the car-sized robot's "heat-rejection fluid pump," a newly released NASA audio file reveals.
That microphone was installed to record the sounds of Perseverance's entry, descent and landing (EDL), the "seven minutes of terror" sequence that will end with a rocket-powered sky crane lowering the rover to the Martian surface on cables. The Mars 2020 team turned on the mic on Oct. 19 to determine if it and an associated camera system are functioning properly, capturing the whirring sound in the process.
That sound did not travel through the vacuum of space; sound waves need a medium through which to propagate. In this case, the waves traveled through Perseverance's body, causing mechanical vibrations that the microphone registered.
"With apologies to the person who came up with the slogan for 'Alien,' I guess you could say that in space no one may be able to hear you scream, but they can hear your heat-rejection fluid pump," Dave Gruel, the lead engineer for Mars 2020's EDL camera and microphone subsystem, said in a statement on Wednesday (Nov. 18).
"As great as it is to pick up a little audio on spacecraft operations in flight, the sound file has a more important meaning," Gruel added. "It means that our system is working and ready to try to record some of the sound and fury of a Mars landing."
The heat-rejection fluid pump is part of Perseverance's thermal system, which will keep the rover and its instruments warm on Mars by circulating heat generated by the mission's nuclear battery, NASA officials said in the statement.
Perseverance will explore the floor of the 28-mile-wide (45 kilometers) Jezero Crater, which harbored a lake and a river delta in the ancient past. The rover will characterize the site's geology, hunt for signs of ancient Mars life and cache samples for future return to Earth, among other tasks.
Perseverance will also test technologies for future exploration of the Red Planet. For example, one of the rover's instruments, called MOXIE (short for "Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment"), will generate oxygen from the thin, carbon dioxide-dominated Martian atmosphere. Such equipment, if scaled up, could help humanity establish a foothold on the Red Planet, NASA officials have said.
Also flying to Mars attached to Perseverance's belly is a tiny helicopter called Ingenuity. If all goes according to plan, the 4-lb. (1.8 kilograms) chopper will make a few short test flights on the Red Planet, becoming the first rotorcraft ever to ply alien skies.
The EDL mic, which was built by Danish company DPA Microphones, isn't Perseverance's only audio equipment. The rover carries a second microphone designed to record sounds made by its rock-zapping SuperCam instrument.
If these microphones work, they'll be the first ever to record true audio on Mars. (NASA's InSight lander captured the "sounds" of the Martian wind shortly after its 2018 touchdown, but that recording processed data gathered by an air pressure sensor and a seismometer.)
But the new microphones aren't the first to fly on a Red Planet mission. NASA's Mars Polar Lander spacecraft, which crashed during its touchdown attempt in December 1999, sported a mic. And NASA's Phoenix lander, which aced its 2008 water-hunting mission, had a microphone built into its descent camera. But the Phoenix team never turned that instrument on, out of concern that its use could complicate the landing process.
Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life. Follow him on Twitter @michaeldwall. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or Facebook.
Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest geniuses in history, withskills and inventions way ahead of his time. On many occasions his work was surrounded by mystery, hiding secrets not visible at first glance. Now, a new study found another one, linked to bacteria and fungi.
Looking for hidden secrets in Da Vinci’s work, a team of researchers from Austria and Italy decided to investigate what was beyond the naked eye in seven of Leonardo’s best-known drawings. They weren’t looking for hidden sketches or anything like that: they were looking for the microbiome.
A microbiome is essentially a set of microorganisms that share the same habitat. They aren’t perceptible to the naked eye and advanced technologies are needed to try to understand how and why they coexist. Looking for hidden elements in Leonardo’s work, the researchers stumbled upon very nusual types of microbiome.
Five of these drawings are currently housed in the Royal Library of Turin: Autoritratto, Nudi per la battaglia di Anghiari, Studi delle gambe anteriori di un cavallo, Studi di insetti and tudi di gambe virili. The last two are stored at the Corsinian Library in Rome: Uomo della Bitta and Studio di panneggio per una figura inginocchiata.
Analyzing the seven drawings, the researchers discovered that the microbiome of each one was unique enough to be able to identify each of the works only by their distinctive microorganisms — you may not tell a book by its cover, but you can tell a work of art by its microbes.
This is not to say that the microbiomes were entirely different, they were still similar in many ways, but each had a distinctive touch.
The findings can help the researchers to locate the places where the drawing was carried out, as well as the places through which it has passed throughout its life, such as warehouses, restorers, or art dealers. This is very valuable information: the microbiome has a story to tell and if you read it well, you can even use it to detect fraud.
The researchers used a tool called Nanopore, a genetic sequencing method that quickly breaks down and analyzes genetic material, to make a detailed study of the different biological materials. They had already studied microbiomes in the past to determine how statues recovered from smugglers had been stored.
In the case of the Da Vinci drawings, they believe most of the human DNA discovered comes from people who were responsible for restoring and caring for their works from the 15th century. They also confirmed all the drawings are original works by Leonardo and found a high concentration of bacteria compared to the fungi.
In previous studies, they had been able to confirm that fungi tend to dominate the microbiomes, but in this case, it was absolutely the opposite. They believe that they came from both humans and insects, something that probably has to do with how the works were stored, especially after Leonardo’s death.
“Altogether, the insects, the restoration workers and the geographic localization seem to all have left a trace invisible to the eye on the drawings,” the researchers said in a statement. “[But] it is difficult to say if any of these contaminants originate from the time when Leonardo da Vinci was sketching its drawings.”
Humanity hasn't returned samples from the moon since 1976.
A Chinese Long March 5 rocket carrying the Chang'e 5 moon sample-return spacecraft rolls out to the launch pad at the Wenchang Satellite Launch Site on Hainan Island on Nov. 17, 2020.
China's most ambitious moon mission to date is on the pad ahead of its planned launch next week.
A heavy-lift Long March 5 rocket topped with the robotic Chang'e 5 lunar sample-return spacecraft rolled out to its pad at Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province on Tuesday (Nov. 17).
Chang'e 5 is scheduled to lift off on Nov. 24, according to a NASA description of the mission. (Official Chinese sources have said only that the launch will occur in "late November.") The 18,100-lb. (8,200 kilograms) spacecraft, which apparently consists of four modules, will then make its way to the moon.
Two of the Chang'e 5 modules will remain in lunar orbit. The other two — a sample collector and an ascent vehicle — will touch down in the Mons Rumker area of the huge Oceanus Procellarum ("Ocean of Storms"), a vast volcanic plain that has been explored by a number of other moon missions, including NASA's Apollo 12 in 1969.
If all goes according to plan, Chang'e 5's sample collector will use a robotic arm and a drill to snag about 4.4 lbs. (2 kg) of moon dirt and rock, including material that will be sourced from up to 6.5 feet (2 meters) underground. The ascent vehicle will then loft this cache to lunar orbit, where it will dock with one of the orbiting modules and then be integrated into the other, which will haul the stuff back to Earth, according to the NASA description. The moon samples are scheduled to land in China in mid-December.
That touchdown will be historic: Humanity hasn't returned any material from the moon since the Soviet Union's robotic Luna 24 mission did so in 1976. (Comet and asteroid samples have come down to Earth since then, however. And yet more collected space-rock material will be delivered in the near future, by Japan's Hayabusa2 and NASA's OSIRIS-REx missions.)
Chang'e 5 is the sixth mission in China's Chang'e program of robotic lunar exploration, which takes its name from a moon goddess in Chinese mythology. The Chang'e 1 and Chang'e 2 orbiters launched in 2007 and 2010, and Chang'e 3 made the nation's first soft moon landing in December 2013, putting a lander-rover duo down on the lunar near side.
The Chang'e 5T1 mission, which launched in October 2014, sent a prototype return capsule on an eight-day trip around the moon to help prepare for the upcoming Chang'e 5 mission.
Chang'e 4 pulled off the first-ever soft landing on the moon's mysterious far side, delivering a lander and rover to this largely unexplored region in January 2019. Chang'e 4 is still going strong, as is the Chang'e 3 lander. (The Chang'e 3 rover died after 31 months of operation.)
Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life.
The meteor was green, but the footage capturing it was black and white.
A bright green meteor streaked across the southern coast of Tasmania, Australia, and researchers caught the fireball on camera as it broke up over the ocean.
The meteor lit up the night sky on Wednesday (Nov. 18) at 9:21 p.m. local Tasmanian time (5:21 a.m. EST and 1021 GMT). A livestream camera on the research vessel Investigator, which is operated by Australia’s national science agency, CSIRO, captured incredible views of the fireball as it descended from space and disintegrated above the Tasman Sea.
"What we saw on reviewing the livestream footage astounded us; the size and brightness of the meteor was incredible," John Hooper, CSIRO voyage manager on board Investigator, said in a statement. "The meteor crosses the sky directly in front of the ship and then breaks up — it was amazing to watch the footage, and we were very fortunate that we captured it all on the ship livestream.”
The livestream camera on board Investigator operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The meteor was captured when the ship was approximately 62 miles (100 kilometers) south of the Tasmanian coast, where it is stationed to map the seafloor of the Huon Marine Park, conduct oceanographic studies and run sea trials for a variety of marine equipment, according to CSIRO (which stands for "Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation").
Meteors are chunks of space rock that enter Earth’s atmosphere, and they often go unnoticed in unpopulated areas such as the Southern Ocean.
"Many meteors were once asteroids, travelling through space on their own trajectory. This changes as they pass close to Earth, where they can be affected by its gravitational pull," Glen Nagle, a researcher from CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, said in the statement. "As they enter our atmosphere, they become meteors — and their entry can be visually spectacular."
Footage of the meteor streaking across the night sky was captured in black and white, but observers said the bright flash of light appeared green to the naked eye. While there have been reports of additional sightings in the area, no other photos or videos have been shared of the meteor.
"Cameras are everywhere, in our pockets and around our cities, but they have to be pointed in the right place at the right time — RV Investigator was in that place and time," Nagle said in the statement.
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Video: Moment a meteor enters Earth's atmosphere as a blazing ball of fire and breaks up over the ocean near Australia is captured by research ship's cameras
Incredible moment meteor breaking up over the southern coast of Tasmania has been captured by researchers. The bright green debris shot over the research research vessel Investigator, which is operated by...
Elon Musk says the first human colony on Mars will live in 'glass domes' and one million people will live there by 2050 after the poles are blasted by nuclear weapons to melt ice caps and induce warming
Elon Musk says the first human colony on Mars will live in 'glass domes' and one million people will live there by 2050 after the poles are blasted by nuclear weapons to melt ice caps and induce warming
Elon Musk has shared more details for his plan to build a city on Mars
He suggests the first city will involve ‘life in glass domes at first'
The planet will be terraformed, but it will not happen in our lifetime, he said
The domes will be ruins for future settlers to discover once Mars it habitable
Musk proposed nuking Mars to make it habitable for one million people by 2050
Elon Musk has not been shy about his strategy to build a colony on Mars – from sending three Starship rockets a day to constructing a Starlink constellation and now, the billionaire has shared a housing plan.
The SpaceX CEO explained on Twitter that the first Martian city would involve ‘life in glass domes at first,' but the planet would eventually be terraformed – just not in our lifetime.
‘We can establish a human base there in our lifetime. At least a future spacefaring civilization – discovering our ruins – will be impressed humans got that far,’ Musk shared in a tweet.
Musk has previously referred to Mars as a ‘fixer-upper of a planet’ and to terraform the distant world, the CEO has proposed we ‘nuke Mars.’
And after bombs are dropped and Mars is habitable, Musk plans to send one million people to live on Mars - which he says will happen by 2050.
Scroll down for video
Musk explained on Twitter that the first Martian city would involve ‘life in glass domes at first,' but the planet would eventually be terraformed – just not in our lifetime
He first revealed the master plan back in 2015 on the Late Show with Stephen Colbert, stating that Mars could be made by Earth-like if it were warmer.
Musk explained this could be achieved slowly, as gradual release of greenhouse gases would fill the atmosphere with carbon dioxide - with the help of nuclear bombs.
These weapons of mass destruction emit large amounts of thermal radiation as visible, infrared and ultraviolet light, known as 'flash' when detonated.
Heat accounts for between 35 and 45 percent of the energy released by the explosion, meaning a massive amount of heat is generated incredibly fast, which could potentially be harnessed to heat up the Martian atmosphere, according to Musk's fledgling theory.
Elon Musk has not been shy about his strategy to build a colony on Mars – from sending three Starship rockets a day to constructing a Starlink constellation and now, the billionaire has shared a housing plan - glass domes
(pictured is artist's impression)
Musk has previously referred to Mars as a ‘fixer-upper of a planet’
To terraform the distant world, the CEO has proposed we ‘nuke Mars.’ And after bombs are dropped and Mars is habitable, Musk plans to send one million people to live on Mars - which he says will happen by 2050
However, his 2015 plan hit a road block when NASA released a study in 2018 that found ‘Mars terraforming is not possible using present-day technology’ – this includes nuclear bombs.
NASA’s statements have not deterred Musk from his path to the Red Planet, which he is now eyeing 2026 for when he plans to send the first crewed Starship rocket.
Once they land on the dusty world, the first settlers will get to work constructing a self-sustaining city.
SpaceX engineer Paul Wooster explained in September 2018 the initial focus of these individuals would be establishing life support systems, enabling surface power, developing habitats and building greenhouses – along with Musk’s glass domes.
In the recent tweet thread, after discussing the glass domes, a user asked the billionaire: ‘What would you say about the Laws you will have on Mars that you don't have on Earth?’ Musk simply replied: ‘Let the Martians decide their own future'
Not only does Musk have a plan for constructing the new world, but he also has an idea of how it should be governed.
In the recent tweet thread, after discussing the glass domes, a user asked the billionaire: ‘What would you say about the Laws you will have on Mars that you don't have on Earth?’
Musk simply replied: ‘Let the Martians decide their own future.’
This statement falls in line with wording in Starlink's beta consumer service term.
Buried in the text is a section titled ‘Governing Laws,’ which states SpaceX will not abide by international laws beyond Earth and the moon, but instead adopt self-governing principles 'established on good faith.’
Musk has taken it upon himself to declare Mars a ‘free planet.’
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has some ambitious plans to turn humanity into an multiplanetary species.
With the aid of a fleet of Starship spacecraft, the intrepid billionaire wants to establish a permanent foothold on Mars, one million people strong, by 2050.
Now, Musk is publicly fleshing out his vision further.
“Life in glass domes at first,” Musk wrote in a Thursday tweet, responding to a question about what life on Mars will look like early on. “Eventually, terraformed to support life, like Earth.”
Scientists and science fiction authors have long suggested that terraforming could allow humans to breathe on the open Martian surface. But that vision is still a distant dream — far beyond the first Martian bases, according to Musk.
“Terraforming will be too slow to be relevant in our lifetime,” Musk wrote in a follow-up tweet. “However, we can establish a human base there in our lifetime. At least a future spacefaring civilization — discovering our ruins — will be impressed humans got that far.”
Terraforming Mars is indeed a massive undertaking. An analysis last year concluded that it may require 3,500 nuclear warheads every single day to increase Mars’ atmospheric pressure to breathable levels and melt the planet’s ice caps in order to release carbon dioxide, which will then be trapped in the form of greenhouses gases.
But there’s one big snag with that plan. The ensuing radiation would also turn the surface completely inhabitable.
And a 2018 study also concluded that there simply isn’t enough trapped carbon dioxide on the Red Planet to sufficiently raise enough atmospheric pressure to sustain humans on the surface.
But those limitations aren’t going to stop Musk from going after his dream of establishing a permanent presence there.
Musk has previously claimed that with the help of “a thousand” Starship spacecraft, massive rockets he says will be capable of carrying to 100 tons of cargo or 100 passengers between planets, “a sustainable Mars city” could be established. About 100 vehicles would each have to carry 100 tons of cargo every two years, according to Musk’s calculations.
Early settlements might look a little rough around the edges.
“Getting to Mars, I think, is not the fundamental issue,” he said during a September virtual Humans to Mars summit. “The fundamental issue is building a base, building a city on Mars that is self-sustaining.”
“I want to emphasize, this is a very hard and dangerous and difficult thing,” he added at the time. “Not for the faint of heart. Good chance you’ll die. And it’s going to be tough, tough going, but it’ll be pretty glorious if it works out.”
The ambition lies very close to the entrepreneur’s heart — or at least his marketing strategy.
“If we don’t improve our pace of progress, I’m definitely going to be dead before we go to Mars,” Musk said during the Satellite 2020 conference in Washington back in March.
His space company has come a long way in turning Starship a reality. Several early prototypes have already taken to the skies, albeit only to a height of roughly 500 feet. In the following weeks, the first prototype will attempt fly to an altitude to nine miles.
If everything goes according to Musk’s ambitious plan, the first Starship will make its way to Mars as soon as 2024.
the Nov. 21 launch of the U.S.-European Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite
The Nov. 21 launch of the U.S.-European Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite
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🛰 🌊 We’re getting closer to the Nov. 21 launch of the U.S.-European Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite, that will monitor sea levels worldwide! Join the global virtual NASA Social event: https://fb.me/e/1B5BQg5sH
Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich Satellite Prepared for Launch
This illustration shows the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket's nose cone, with the Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite inside, shortly before launch. Credits: NASA/JPL-CaltechSpaceX
The newest satellite to monitor global sea level is ready for its journey into space. Here's what to expect.
Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, the latest in a series of spacecraft designed to monitor our oceans, is scheduled to launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base in central California on Saturday, Nov. 21, 2020. The satellite will be followed in 2025 by its twin, Sentinel-6B. Together, the pair is tasked with extending our nearly 30-year-long record of global sea surface height measurements. Instruments aboard the satellites will also provide atmospheric data that will improve weather forecasts, climate models, and hurricane tracking.
Launch Timeline
Named after former NASA Earth Science Division Director Michael Freilich, the U.S.-European satellite will be carried into space on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, with liftoff targeted for 9:17:08 a.m. PST (12:17:08 p.m. EST) from Space Launch Complex 4 East. If needed, backup launch opportunities are available on subsequent days, with the instantaneous launch window falling about 12 minutes earlier each day.
A little more than two minutes after the Falcon 9 rocket lifts off, the main engine will cut off. Shortly after, the rocket's first and second stages will separate, followed by second-stage engine start. The reusable Falcon 9 first stage will then begin its automated boost-back burn to the launch site for a propulsive landing.
The first cutoff of the second stage engine will take place approximately eight minutes after liftoff. It will fire a second time 45 minutes later, at which point the launch vehicle and the spacecraft will be in a temporary "parking" orbit. Several minutes later, the launch vehicle and the spacecraft will separate. The satellite will begin solar panel deployment about one hour and seven minutes post-launch and is expected to make first contact about 25 minutes after that.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech
More About the Mission
Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich and Sentinel-6B make up the Sentinel-6/Jason-CS mission, which was developed by ESA (European Space Agency) in the context of the European Copernicus program led by the European Commission, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), NASA, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with funding support from the European Commission and technical support from France's National Centre for Space Studies (CNES).
JPL, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, built three science instruments for each Sentinel-6 satellite: the Advanced Microwave Radiometer, the Global Navigation Satellite System - Radio Occultation, and the Laser Retroreflector Array. NASA is also contributing launch services, ground systems supporting operation of the NASA science instruments, the science data processors for two of these instruments, and support for the international Ocean Surface Topography Science Team. The launch is managed by NASA's Launch Services Program, based at the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
Where to Find Launch Coverage
On launch day, Nov. 21, 2020, NASA TV coverage will begin at 8:45 a.m. PST (11:45 a.m. EST).
For live NASA TV programming on NASA's public channel, visit:
Heartbreaking news. After 57 years as a world-class resource for astronomy, the iconic Arecibo telescope is to be decommissioned, or withdrawn from service, the NSF announced today. The dish-type radio telescope – built into a natural depression in the landscape in Puerto Rico – appears to be headed for a “controlled disassembly.”
The following is a statement from the U.S. National Science Foundation, issued November 19, 2020:
Following a review of engineering assessments that found damage to the Arecibo Observatory cannot be stabilized without risk to construction workers and staff at the facility, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) will begin plans to decommission the 305-meter (1,000 foot) telescope, which for 57 years has served as a world-class resource for radio astronomy, planetary, solar system and geospace research.
The decision comes after NSF evaluated multiple assessments by independent engineering companies that found the telescope structure is in danger of a catastrophic failure and its cables may no longer be capable of carrying the loads they were designed to support. Furthermore, several assessments stated that any attempts at repairs could put workers in potentially life-threatening danger. Even in the event of repairs going forward, engineers found that the structure would likely present long-term stability issues.
‘NSF prioritizes the safety of workers, Arecibo Observatory’s staff and visitors, which makes this decision necessary, although unfortunate,’ said NSF DirectorSethuraman Panchanathan. ‘For nearly six decades, the Arecibo Observatory has served as a beacon for breakthrough science and what a partnership with a community can look like. While this is a profound change, we will be looking for ways to assist the scientific community and maintain that strong relationship with the people of Puerto Rico.’
Engineers have been examining the Arecibo Observatory 305-meter telescope since August, when one of its support cables detached. NSF authorized the University of Central Florida, which manages Arecibo, to take all reasonable steps and use available funds to address the situation while ensuring safety remained the highest priority. UCF acted quickly, and the evaluation process was following its expected timeline, considering the age of the facility, the complexity of the design and the potential risk to workers.
The engineering teams had designed and were ready to implement emergency structural stabilization of the auxiliary cable system. While the observatory was arranging for delivery of two replacement auxiliary cables, as well as two temporary cables, a main cable broke on the same tower Nov. 6. Based on the stresses on the second broken cable – which should have been well within its ability to function without breaking – engineers concluded that the remaining cables are likely weaker than originally projected.
‘Leadership at Arecibo Observatory and UCF did a commendable job addressing this situation, acting quickly and pursuing every possible option to save this incredible instrument,’ said Ralph Gaume, director of NSF’s Division of Astronomical Sciences. ‘Until these assessments came in, our question was not if the observatory should be repaired but how. But in the end, a preponderance of data showed that we simply could not do this safely. And that is a line we cannot cross.’
The scope of NSF’s decommissioning plan would focus only on the 305-meter telescope and is intended to safely preserve other parts of the observatory that could be damaged or destroyed in the event of an unplanned, catastrophic collapse. The plan aims to retain as much as possible of the remaining infrastructure of Arecibo Observatory, so that it remains available for future research and educational missions.
The decommissioning process involves developing a technical execution plan and ensuring compliance with a series of legal, environmental, safety and cultural requirements over the coming weeks. NSF has authorized a high-resolution photographic survey using drones, and is considering options for forensic evaluation of the broken cable – if such action could be done safely – to see if any new evidence could inform the ongoing plans. This work has already begun and will continue throughout the decommissioning planning. Equipment and other materials will be temporarily moved to buildings outside the danger zone. When all necessary preparations have been made, the telescope would be subject to a controlled disassembly.
After the telescope decommissioning, NSF would intend to restore operations at assets such as theArecibo Observatory LIDAR facility– a valuable geospace research tool – as well as at the visitor center and offsite Culebra facility, which analyzes cloud cover and precipitation data. NSF would also seek to explore possibilities for expanding the educational capacities of the learning center. Safety precautions due to the COVID-19 pandemic will remain in place as appropriate.
Some Arecibo operations involving the analysis and cataloging of archived data collected by the telescope would continue. UCF secured enhanced cloud storage and analytics capabilities in 2019 through an agreement with Microsoft, and the observatory is working to migrate on-site data to servers outside of the affected area.
Areas of the observatory that could be affected by an uncontrolled collapse have been evacuated since the November cable break and will remain closed to unauthorized personnel during the decommissioning. NSF and UCF will work to minimize risk in the area in the event of an unexpected collapse. NSF has prioritized a swift, thorough process with the intent of avoiding such an event.
NSF recognizes the cultural and economic significance of Arecibo Observatory to Puerto Rico, and how the telescope serves as an inspiration for Puerto Ricans considering education and employment in STEM. NSF’s goal is to work with the Puerto Rican government and other stakeholders and partners to explore the possibility of applying resources from Arecibo Observatory for educational purposes.
‘Over its lifetime, Arecibo Observatory has helped transform our understanding of the ionosphere, showing us how density, composition and other factors interact to shape this critical region where Earth’s atmosphere meets space,’ said Michael Wiltberger, head of NSF’s Geospace Section. ‘While I am disappointed by the loss of investigative capabilities, I believe this process is a necessary step to preserve the research community’s ability to use Arecibo Observatory’s other assets and hopefully ensure that important work can continue at the facility.’
Engineering summary
Arecibo Observatory’s telescope consists of a radio dish 1,000 feet (305 meters) wide in diameter with a 900-ton instrument platform hanging 450 feet (137 meters) above. The platform is suspended by cables connected to three towers.
On August 10, 2020, an auxiliary cable failed, slipping from its socket in one of the towers and leaving a 100-foot (30 meter) gash in the dish below. NSF authorized Arecibo Observatory to take all reasonable steps and use available funds, which amounted to millions of dollars, to secure the analysis and equipment needed to address the situation. Engineers were working to determine how to repair the damage and determine the integrity of the structure when a main cable connected to the same tower broke Nov. 6.
The second broken cable was unexpected – engineering assessments following the auxiliary cable failure indicated the structure was stable and the planning process to restore the telescope to operation was underway. Engineers subsequently found this 3-inch (7.6 cm) main cable snapped at about 60% of what should have been its minimum breaking strength during a period of calm weather, raising the possibility of other cables being weaker than expected.
Inspections of the other cables revealed new wire breaks on some of the main cables, which were original to the structure, and evidence of significant slippage at several sockets holding the remaining auxiliary cables, which were added during a refit in the 1990s that added weight to the instrument platform.
Thornton Tomasetti, the engineering firm of record hired by UCF to assess the structure, found that given the likelihood of another cable failing, repair work on the telescope – including mitigation measures to stabilize it for additional work – would be unsafe. Stress tests to capture a more accurate measure of the remaining cables’ strength could collapse the structure, Thornton Tomasetti found. The firm recommended a controlled demolition to eliminate the danger of an unexpected collapse.
‘Although it saddens us to make this recommendation, we believe the structure should be demolished in a controlled way as soon as pragmatically possible,’ said the recommendation for action letter submitted by Thornton Tomasetti. ‘It is therefore our recommendation to expeditiously plan for decommissioning of the observatory and execute a controlled demolition of the telescope.’
UCF also hired two other engineering firms to provide assessments of the situation. One recommended immediate stabilization action. The other, after reviewing Thornton Tomasetti’s model, concurred that there is no course of action that could safely verify the structure’s stability and advised against allowing personnel on the telescope’s platforms or towers.
‘Critical work remains to be done in the area of atmospheric sciences, planetary sciences, radio astronomy and radar astronomy,’ UCF President Alexander N. Cartwright said. ‘UCF stands ready to utilize its experience with the observatory to join other stakeholders in pursuing the kind of commitment and funding needed to continue and build on Arecibo’s contributions to science.’
After receiving the contracted assessments, NSF brought in an independent engineering firm and the Army Corps of Engineers to review the findings. The firm NSF hired concurred with the recommendations of Thornton Tomasetti and expressed concern about significant danger from uncontrolled collapse. The Army Corps of Engineers recommended gathering additional photographic evidence of the facility and a complete forensic evaluation of the broken cable.
Given the fact that any stabilization or repair scenario would require workers to be on or near the telescope structure, the degree of uncertainty about the cables’ strength and the extreme forces at work, NSF accepted the recommendation to prepare for controlled decommissioning of the 305-meter telescope.
Bottom line: The National Science Foundation announced on November 19, 2020, that the big-dish Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico is to be dismantled, following engineering reports suggesting it is unsafe, due to damage from hurricanes and other factors.
Here we go again with another UFOsighting in which the aliens (or time travelers, perhaps human) involved are making little to no effort at concealment.
While Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates hasn’t been one of the more recent UFO hotspots, it definitely would have to be on these visitors’ must visit list as it is probably the most futuristic looking of all the nations on the the planet.
The eyewitness to this UFO sighting in the U.A.E. states, “I saw a white ball moving slowly across the horizon. It was moving in a straight line. I could hear no noise.
“It moved past a hotel, over a small island, and I believe eventually out over the water past the island. It moved in a straight line.
“We see many helicopters out there and this was nothing like a helicopter.
“It eventually disappeared from sight. I am guessing it turned to moved across the island, out towards the water where we could no longer see it.”
Prolific UFO and alien expert Scott Waring addressed the unique sighting on his website.
Guys check out this white object as its passing over the Abu Dhabi area.
The craft is following the land area. Its kind of big, about the size of a car.
This is very cool and flying very low. This alien craft has zero fear of being seen. 100% alien!
Love this raw footage so much. It shows us its movement, its actions of following the land, its speed, color and shape. Wow!
Wow, indeed.
“I see them at night. Looks like a star for awhile, then it’ll just fly away slowly,” wrote one viewer.
Inscriptions found on an ancient Egyptian temple revealed constellations that were previously unknown. In addition to the inscriptions, the original colors that were painted onto the 2,000-year-old temple were still present.
The researchers were very careful in removing the dirt and soot from around the temple (occasionally with an alcohol and distilled water mixture) and that’s when they found several carvings and hieroglyphics that “looks like it was painted yesterday,” as described by Christian Leitz who is a professor of Egyptology at the University of Tübingen in Germany and the project leader. In an interview with Live Science, he made it clear that they were not going to repaint anything and that they were only removing the dirt and soot from around the temple.
As for the constellations, the researchers found inscriptions of those we are already familiar with, such as the Big Dipper (or Mesekhtiu) and Orion (or Sah). However, they did find other inscriptions of those that were previously unknown, like the “Apedu n Ra” constellation (also known as “the geese of Ra”) in reference to the ancient Egyptian sun god. Unfortunately, there were no pictures accompanying the inscriptions so it’s impossible to know for sure which stars they were referring to.
As for the temple itself, it is located in the town of Esna which is approximately 40 miles south of Luxor. The Temple of Esna was once a sanctuary that turned into a storage warehouse for cotton in the early part of the 19th century. But after many years of neglect, it is now covered with dirt and soot with only the vestibule remaining.
This large sandstone building measures 120 feet in length by 65 feet in width and 50 feet in height. It has 24 support columns and 18 free-standing columns that contained beautifully painted carvings of plants. Leitz estimated that it would have taken approximately 200 years for the ancient Egyptians to complete its construction and finish all the carvings and decorations.
The restoration project started in 2018 and it was only recently that they found the inscriptions of the previously unknown constellations. Leitz explained that when the temple was decorated, the ancient Egyptians would have drawn the images in black ink first, and then an artisan would have created the carvings before a painter colored them. Interestingly, several of the inscriptions on the ceiling were only drawn in black ink and they were never carved or even painted.
Pictures of the temple and some of the decorations can be seen here.
This 2019 photo shows the temple of Esna from the east.
(Image credit: Ahmed Amin)
Here is the ancient Egyptian depiction of the Big Dipper, seen here in the shape of a bull's leg. It includes seven stars and is tied to a stake by a goddess in hippo form (right). The Big Dipper is considered the manifestation of the evil god Seth, who murdered his brother Osiris. The goddess prevents Seth from reaching Osiris in the underworld — a myth made possible because the constellation never dips below the horizon.
The Day The Soviets Captured A UFO - USSR UFO Secrets
The Day The Soviets Captured A UFO - USSR UFO Secrets
Russian documents leaked from the government claim to report a crashed UFO in the north-western region of Siberia sparking a military retrieval operation and scientific investigation of the strange craft. Details of its high performance and incredible advanced technology stunned scientists who had been investigating the craft from a secret military location.
The authenticity of such a report is still under investigation but the information within the pages of this document could be the most relevant release of data to date.
The border region between Kazakhstan and Russia has been a UFO hotspot for years and the nearby area of Arkaim is known as Russia’s Twilight Zone. The surrounding areas in both countries have shown up evidence of ancient settlements and some people attribute these to the strange activity that is reported in skies above. Secret Russian government programs were launched to investigate the strange aerial phenomena. The mysterious sightings of strange craft throughout the region continues to date with very little explanation as to what they could be.
The Prophecy of Enoch You Have Never Heard Of - You Might Want to Watch This Right Away
The Prophecy of Enoch You Have Never Heard Of - You Might Want to Watch This Right Away
The Prophecy of Enoch You Have Never Heard Of – You Might Want To Watch This Right Away
The text of the Book of Genesis says Enoch lived 365 years before he was taken by God. The text reads that Enoch ”walked with God: and he was no more; for God took him” (Gen 5:21–24), which is interpreted as Enoch’s entering Heaven alive in some Jewish and Christian traditions.
*This is an original narration recorded specifically for this video in the Lion of Judah studio* Footage licensed through: Filmpac/Videoblocks Music licensed through Audiojungle/ Artlist
This month, mysterious lights startled some people looking to the skies in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Readers of this website will already know there is no mystery; the UFO lights at Maier Festival Park were just drones practicing for aChristmas Pageant light show.
But there’s a long history of alarming lights in the sky and earthlings assuming it just can’t be good.
Actor/ Director Orson Welles frightened many listeners in 1938 with his Halloween prank radio broadcast of War of the Worlds. It’s controversial just how many people actually feared Martian invasion. But a lot of listeners felt silly once the hoax was revealed, and CBS fought at least one lawsuit. For years after that, the skies remained more or less clear of extraterrestrial menace.
Until 1947. That’s when pilot Kenneth Arnold says he spotted flying objects skipping like saucers over the Cascade Range near Seattle. This time there was no Orson Welles to ‘fess up. UFOs were with us and became part of the cultural landscape.
Most turn out to be sightings of the planet Venus, aircraft, oddball reflections or swamp gas. (Really? Who’s fooled by swamp gas?)
Still, there was always a tiny minority of reports that defied easy explanation.
UFO? It’s just a drone, dude
But now the skeptic has a likely and dismissive UFO explanation at hand: It’s just a drone ma’am.
“A significant amount of UFOs that we investigate are hobby drones,” Ken Jordan told the Victoria Advocate. He served as the Texas chief of investigations for Mutual UFO Network, an organization that investigates UFO sightings internationally. And this was last year. Since then, the factories of Shenzhen and Hong Kong have filled the skies with hundreds of thousands more identifiable flying objects. We reported on people reporting UFOs to New Jersey police — only to learn it was a police drone.
A high-flying aircraft moving at impossible speeds can be mistaken for a low-flying drone puttering along at 20 k/h. Acrobatics that seem to defy the laws of physics are now on routine display at drone airshows, no extraterrestrial technology needed.
“Keep watching the skies”
When the New York Times published U.S. navy videos of strange objects flying off the east coast of the U.S., even the pilots had a familiar explanation.
“That’s an [expletive] drone, bro,” says one.
They don’t especially look like drones, but really what else could they be?
Perhaps the mothership is parked ominously just behind the Moon and is sending its vile horde of drone-shaped legions toward our unsuspecting planet. Perhaps we should be vigilant like the character Ned Scott in The Thing from Another World: “Keep watching the skies”
End-Triassic Mass Extinction Occurred Slightly Later Than Previously Thought
End-Triassic Mass Extinction Occurred Slightly Later Than Previously Thought
An analysis of biomarkers and their stable isotopic compositions from the Bristol Channel Basin at St. Audrie’s Bay and Lilstock, United Kingdom, has shed new light on when one of the largest mass extinction events on Earth occurred.
Schematic diagram showing the factors driving global ecological change in the modern day and at the end of the Triassic period.
Image credit: Victor Lesh.
Most of the major mass extinctions of the last 300 million years, as well as some of the lesser biotic turnover events, are associated with reorganizations or perturbations of the Earth’s natural carbon cycle.
The end-Triassic mass extinction began after a volcanic eruption spewed carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, disrupting the carbon cycle and sparking a chain reaction of environmental events.
That carbon disruption led to acidic ocean waters which then affected delicate marine ecosystems, and led to other unfavorable planetary changes.
The extinction event resulted in the demise of some 76% of all marine and land species.
In a new study, a research team led by Curtin University scientists analyzed biomarkers (molecular fossils) extracted from rocks collected in the United Kingdom’s Bristol Channel and found evidence of ancient microbial mats, which are complex communities of microorganisms.
“Through our analysis of the chemical signature of these microbial mats, in addition to seeing sea-level change and water column freshening, we discovered the end-Triassic mass extinction occurred later than previously thought,” said first author Calum Peter Fox, a Ph.D. student in the Western Australia Organic & Isotope Geochemistry Centre at Curtin University and the Department of Earth Sciences at Khalifa University of Science and Technology.
“Previous research suggests the extinction took place where we now know microbial mats flourished and the chemical signatures left by these ancient microbes complicated the rock record, leading others to believe this is where the extinction took place.”
“The microbial mats recorded in UK samples are comparable to extant microbial mats such as in Shark Bay of Western Australia,” he said.
“It’s amazing to consider that similar microbial communities that confounded the timing of one of Earth’s largest extinctions millions of years ago are on our shorelines and so easy to observe for ourselves.”
“The findings not only presented a new theory of what started the end-Triassic extinction, but also provided a type of warning for future potential mass extinction events on Earth,” said senior author Professor Kliti Grice, also from the Western Australia Organic & Isotope Geochemistry Centre at Curtin University.
“Our recent research shows that microbial mats played important functions in several mass extinction events as well as a role in preserving remains of life including soft tissue of dead organisms under exceptional circumstances.”
“Knowing more about the carbon dioxide levels present during the end-Triassic mass extinction event provides us with important details that could help protect our environment and health of our ecosystems for future generations.”
The findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Calum P. Fox et al. Molecular and isotopic evidence reveals the end-Triassic carbon isotope excursion is not from massive exogenous light carbon. PNAS, published online November 16, 2020; doi: 10.1073/pnas.1917661117
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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