Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
19-06-2021
The Strange Mystery of the Hessdalen Lights of Norway
The Strange Mystery of the Hessdalen Lights of Norway
Located out in a small valley in the central part of Norway, in the municipality of Holtålen in Trøndelag county, is the scenic valley of Hessdalen. Surrounded by scenic mountains, it is an isolated, sparsely populated area, the largest settlement being the tiny village of the same name, which has a population of just 150 people. Not much typically goes on here, and the people live a quiet, peaceful life among the picturesque scenery away from the bustle of city life, but beginning in 1981 their serene lives would be interrupted by a spate of sightings of mysterious lights in the sky that have remained unexplained.
Hessdalen Valley
Although strange lights had been sporadically seen in the valley since the 1940s, the activity of the phenomenon now known as the Hessdalen lights really picked up and became known in 1981, when villagers in the valley were startled by a myriad of mysterious orbs of light in the sky that would regularly appear at various places throughout the valley both night and day. These lights could be anywhere from the size of a basketball to the size of a car, sometimes even much larger, and had a wide variety of characteristics and behaviors. They would usually be bright white, yellow or red, and depending on the report usually appearing below the horizon but sometimes above the mountains. They would alternately zip away at high speeds to vanish, slowly float about, hover in midair, speed up or slow down, away from side to side, or do aerial acrobatics. They would sometimes merely appear and disappear in a flash, while others were observed floating and zipping about for up to 2 hours, with larger orbs frequently seen to spew out smaller orbs. On occasion, the orbs were said to hover over water or approach or shy away from observers when approached, demonstrating what seemed to be intelligent control, and in some daytime sightings the objects were described as looking metallic. Whatever they were, they were sighted very frequently, in their peak being seen 15 to 20 times a week, frightening locals in the process. One article in the online science journal Frontiers in Earth Science has described the lights in detail:
In spite of their irregular occurrence—i.e., 15 to 20 times per week from 1981 to 1984 and 10 to 20 times per year nowadays— the Hessdalen lights (HL) have been consistently observed and possess a series of recurring features: (1) they have the appearance of a free-floating light ball with dimensions ranging from decimeters up to 30 m. (2) they are characterized by geometric structures that are often accompanied by small, short-duration pulsating “spikes” in the high frequency and very low frequency radio ranges, (3) they show an absolute luminosity that has been estimated to be 19 kW, and (4) they have a time duration ranging from seconds to hours. HL are also characterized by the formation of light ball clusters and the ejection of mini light balls. They may also show very high velocities. Furthermore, HL are thunderstorm-independent events, as opposed to other rare and poorly understood transient luminous phenomena occurring in the atmosphere (i.e., ball lightings, blue jets, red sprites and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes).
The Hessdalen lights quickly became big news, drawing in droves of all manner of curiosity seekers and UFO researchers, as well as mainstream scientists eager to get to the bottom of the mystery. In the summer of 1983, an ongoing scientific field investigation was launched to study the lights, and by the conclusion of their 1-year investigation there were 53 light observations made. More scientific investigations have been carried out as well, including one in 1985, and another from 1997–1998 which managed to capture footage of the lights in a bizarre pyramid shape that bounced up and down. In 1998, an automated station was installed in the valley, called the Hessdalen Automatic Measurement Station (Hessdalen AMS) to monitor the lights year round, collecting reams of photos of the lights, as well as various readings on scientific equipment, and there have been various peer reviewed papers on the lights published in scientific journals. Indeed, the Hessdalen lights constitute one of the most well researched mysterious phenomenon there is. However, despite all of this study, no one can quite figure out what they actually are.
The number of theories as to what the lights might be is vast. One idea is that some sort of combustion is occurring involving hydrogen, oxygen and sodium, helped along by large deposits of scandium in the area. Another is that they are caused by piezoelectricity, which is an electrical charge that accumulates in certain materials including certain kinds of rock such as quartz, crystals, certain ceramics, and even some biological materials like bone. Considering that the valley has large deposits of crystal rocks, it is speculated that these may build up a charge that is released to form these balls of light. Other theories include plasma balls, ball lightning, meteorites, mirages, igniting gases, and even the idea that the valley itself acts as a sort of battery that generates a current, as well as many other numerous hypotheses and speculations. However, no single explanation can really account for all of the different characteristics reported with the lights. Of course, the lights have been claimed to be ghosts and alien UFOs as well, and UFO researchers have long held keen interest in this place. Yet, as much as this lonely valley has been studied, the secrets of its strange lights have remained evasive, and we still have no idea what they are, keeping them in the realm of mystery and speculation.
Every May and October, a curious phenomenon occurs along a 160-mile-long stretch of the Mekong River in the Isaan region in northeast Thailand. For a few nights during these two months, one can see the eerie sight of numerous glowing balls that seem to erupt from the very river itself to fly high into the air and vanish. Descriptions for these luminous orbs vary, ranging from the size of tiny bubbles or sparklers to larger ones said to be around the size of a basketball, usually a reddish color, but sometimes a bluish or yellowish hue and sometimes white. These balls typically will launch themselves upwards several hundred meters into the air before suddenly blinking out of existence, never making a sound and emanating no smoke or plume. They will continue for a time before stopping just as suddenly as they appeared, and there can be tens to thousands of these lights seen throughout a given night, rain or shine, with the most intense activity occurring during the night of Wan Ok Phansa at the end of Buddhist Lent in late-October and the most lights seen in the vicinity of a small village called Phon Phisai. Formerly called simply the “ghost lights,” they are now officially called bung fai phaya nak, and more commonly referred to by outsiders as the “Naga fireballs,” and no one is quite sure just what they are.
According to local tradition, the Naga fireballs have their origins in a type of giant river serpent prevalent in Buddhist folklore, called a Naga, in this case specifically a Naga called the Phaya Nak, or “the king of nagas.” These are said to be enormous semi-divine serpents and servants of Buddha with supernatural powers that lurk within the Mekong river or its estuaries, and are not only responsible for strange wave formations and other phenomena, but also are known from time to time shoot blazing fireballs into the air. Far from merely myth and folklore, a great many people in the rural areas of Thailand sincerely believe the Phaya Nak exist. There have been numerous sightings of them, and there are even supposed bones, teeth, and the egg of a Naga kept at a temple in Phon Phisai, and so it therefore goes without saying that for the locals the fireballs are coming from these beasts, as a display of celebration for the end of Buddhist Lent. However, of course there are plenty of other theories from scientists skeptical that the fireballs are coming from magical giant river serpents.
One theory that has been thrown around is that it is merely people firing tracer rounds, flares, or even just fireworks, the sound deadened by the distance and the often very noisy crowds of people who pour into the region to see the lights every year. Indeed, the annual 4-day Phayanak Festival in October attracts tens of thousands of people, who come to see the lights and enjoy the many festivities and events, including food stalls, Naga legend information, fireball exhibitions, a night bazaar, light and sound shows, and long-boat races prior to the main event of the fireballs themselves. With all of this activity it would seem that many of the lights might just be a show put on to draw in visitors, as the festival brings in huge amounts of revenue for the tiny rural local economy. However, while some of the Naga fireballs might be this, it does not explain the fireballs that originally began the festival, why they seem to come directly out of the water, or why they will often pop out in various different areas along the river. There are also frequent Thai boat patrols through the area to deter people from doing dangerous things like firing into the air. There is also the fact that the fireballs have been seen at other times of the year, and are only really paid attention to at the end of Buddhist Lent. They are also frequently reported as coming from smaller tributaries of the Mekong and even ponds in other areas, as well as some claims that these things have been seen for centuries. One reporter Andrew Biggs has said of the hoax angle in an article in the Bangkok Post:
First of all, the lights have been around a long time. Fishermen have reported seeing what locals still call “ghost lights” in the darkness of the Mekong River way before local governments attached the myth of Phayanak to them. Also, these lights apparently don’t just appear on the end of Buddhist Lent. It’s just that we pay attention to them on that night, which isn’t the same as saying they only pop up once a year. The biggest quandary of all is that we are living in the era of digital record. Everything is filmed, photographed and uploaded onto Instagram. People photograph their morning coffee, for god’s sake — what happens when it’s an event like weird coloured balls in the river? And yet despite all this, nobody has captured any hoax perpetrators.
It is also the scale of the operation. Just say I wanted to play a prank on Northeast believers and shoot a couple of coloured lights off the Mekong River. Who knows the specifics of the operation, but let’s say I do indeed do that. Last Sunday night, starting at 6.28pm, the first fireballs were spotted by those 300,000 visitors camped along the banks of the river at Ban Tha Muang, Rattanawapee district. Then, another one was spotted in a different district. And another. And another. All in all, a total of seventy fireballs shot up throughout the night, and that was in Rattanawapee alone. There were more in the districts of Sangkhom and Pone-pisai. By the end of the night, there were more than 300 fireballs. That’s a really big, expensive hoax!
For these reasons, it seems that surely not all of them could be caused by hoaxes or partiers, so what else could they be? Another possibility put forward is that the fireballs are caused by plasma orbs formed by the release of surface electricity, or even the old standby for UFO sightings called swamp gas. This is basically methane gas produced by the decomposition of organic material igniting when exposed to oxygen, and it has been used by skeptics to explain away a variety of ghost light and UFO phenomena, but this would not explain why it only happens most prominently at specific times of the year like clockwork, and it has also been called out as an unsuitable explanation for this phenomenon in other ways. Skeptic Brian Dunning has given a thorough and amusing skeptical debunking of the typical skeptical argument of swamp gas causing the Naga fireballs, saying:
There are two fatal flaws with this hypothesis. First, methane can only burn in an oxygen environment within a specific range of concentrations. It can only spontaneously ignite within an even narrower range, and requires the presence of phosphine combined with phosphorous tetrahydride. The needed proportions of these gases are unlikely to be found in nature. Second, in laboratory experiments designed to replicate the conditions needed for spontaneous ignition, the combination of oxygen, methane, and phosphorus compounds burns bright bluish-green with a sudden pop, producing black smoke. Under no conditions does it burn slowly, or red, or rise up in the air as a fireball. So even if the improbable conditions did exist in the Mekong river, the resulting display would not look like the Naga Fireballs.
Whatever is shooting up into the air, you’ve got to figure that it has some solid mass. When you watch the videos you can see that the red-orange lights go up very fast, consistent with fireworks, small rockets, or even tracer rounds (very much like a 12-gauge shotgun tracer round, which is comparatively slow). How is it possible for any flaming object to move that quickly through the air without blowing out? That’s not a problem for something like a firework or a tracer round, things designed for exactly such a purpose. But it’s a major problem for a burning ball of gas, which has an insufficient mass to drag ratio to move that quickly through the air. Even a pyrotechnic explosion that billows into the sky rises at a slow rate consistent with hot air rising through cold air; it does not and cannot streak like a bullet at hundreds of feet per second. For the Naga Fireballs to move as they do, they must enclose an object significantly more massive than the air they’re moving through. This necessarily means they’re heavier than air. And since they’re rocketing skyward, this means they must have been physically propelled.
So, from what we can observe, it’s actually more plausible that a river dragon is spitting flaming balls of dragon-mucus skyward, than it is for the Naga Fireballs to be naturally produced burning gas bubbles.
The Naga Fireballs have as of yet remained unidentified. What are we looking at here? Is this some rational, explainable phenomenon? Is it gases, atmospheric phenomena, or merely fireworks and people firing tracers into the air? Or is it perhaps something else altogether? The festival at the river still goes on every year, and if you talk to any local they will say it is the doing of the mysterious Naga, with perhaps even some spite thrown your way if you should say otherwise. Whatever the explanation may be, the Naga fireballs continue on, and have evaded understanding to this day.
Scientists have long thought that meteorites, pieces of asteroids that hit the Earth's ground, have emanated from different space rocks in the asteroid belt.
A new study suggests they may have a common, unknown origin, however.
The research looked at more than 500 million years worth of marine sedimentary rock containing meteorites, examining 15 different windows of time and found that all originate in the asteroid belt, but it's unclear where in the asteroid belt they're coming from.
'We argue that meteorites and small asteroids delivered to Earth in deep time are not primarily linked to the sequence of asteroid family-forming events,' researchers Fredrik Terfelt and Birger Schmitz wrote in the study's abstract.
'Another, as yet unknown, delivery process appears to be associated with a very restricted region in the asteroid belt.'
Meteorites may have a common, unknown origin, a new study has found
'Another, as yet unknown, delivery process appears to be associated with a very restricted region in the asteroid belt,' researchers said
Experts looked at more than 500 million years worth of marine sedimentary rock containing meteorites, examining 15 different windows of time and found that all originate in the asteroid belt, but it's unclear where in the asteroid belt they're coming from
What the researchers were able to glean from their researcher is that meteorites generally come from a very small area in the asteroid belt.
Additionally, the process that shoots them out 'remarkably stable over the past 500 million years.'
In an interview with Inverse, Schmitz, a professor at Lund University, said he had traveled all over the world -- California, Sweden, China and Russia -- to get a diverse sample of sedimentary rock to examine.
After looking at the different rock, he was left with more questions than answers about the origins of meteorites.
'That's a problem with our study, and it's a problem in science today, a big problem,' Schmitz told the news outlet. 'We don't know where the meteorites that dominate the flux come from in the asteroid belt.'
After collecting the rock samples from each site, they were placed in hydrochloric acid, with the leftovers revealing the residue and the chrome-spinel grains, a common mineral found in meteorites.
'We looked for tiny, tiny needles in the big haystack,' Schmitz explained. 'So we basically burn the haystack.'
Most asteroids live in the main asteroid belt, an area in space between Mars and Jupiter.
Most asteroids live in the main asteroid belt, an area in space between Mars and Jupiter. According to NASA , more than 1 million asteroids are known to exist, but many more have yet to be identified
According to NASA, more than 1 million asteroids are known to exist, but many more have yet to be identified.
A piece of an asteroid or comet is also known as a meteoroid. Upon entering Earth's atmosphere, it turns into a meteor, fireball or shooting star. The pieces that reach the ground are known as meteorites.
It's widely believed that 'the variations in the flux of micrometeorites and meteorites to Earth is today generally described by the collisional cascading model,' the researchers wrote in their study, but after looking at more than 20,000 pounds (10,000kg) of rock, Schmitz and Terfelt were unable to find a known collision event.
'It's a big conundrum, a big enigma,' Schmitz told Inverse.
Understanding meteorites origins can not only help us better understand how the Solar System formed, but which space rocks might endanger humanity in the future, Schmitz said.
Based on recent research conducted by geologist Birger Schmitz from Lund University, the majority of meteorites that have fallen to Earth came from a mysterious and unknown location in our Solar System’s asteroid belt. The asteroid belt contains millions of pieces of space rocks that orbit between Mars and Jupiter. While the majority of these space rocks are somewhat small (between the size of a boulder to a few thousand feet), some are a lot bigger.
Meteorites are smaller pieces that have broken off from much larger objects. The initial hypothesis was that these meteorites came from a major event that involved massive asteroids breaking apart in space. The problem with that theory is that according to Professor Schmitz, the meteorites that have fallen to Earth over the past 500 million years don’t coincide with any known collision event.
Asteroid belt
Schmitz has traveled the world looking for meteorites that date back millions and even billions of years. So far, he has gathered 10,000 kilograms of space rocks that have fallen to Earth in the last 500 million years. The samples were then put in hydrochloric acid so that the only thing left was a small amount of residue so that the extraterrestrial chrome-spinel grains could be analyzed.
While the purpose of his project was to find out the origins of these meteorites, the research has resulted with more questions than answers. It has been long believed that different meteorites originated from different parent bodies in the asteroid belt; however, Schmitz’s research seems to point to them all coming from one specific body that has been sending them our way for a steady 500 million years. There are still so many questions left unanswered though, such as what and where the parent body is, and how the meteorites ended up falling to Earth.
The research will hopefully help experts in regards to finding and studying asteroids that may one day threaten Earth. In an interview with Inverse, Schmitz said, “Meteorites tell us something about what type of objects threaten us in the future,” adding, “What type of objects do we have to be particularly aware of.”
Additionally, the data may help researchers learn more about the origins of our Solar System in addition to how our planets formed and evolved. Nicholas Castle from the Planetary Science Institute (but was not involved with the study), told Inverse, “Most meteorites date back towards the very early days of the Solar System,” adding, “So that’s sort of our first clues for how did we go from big gas clouds to solid material.”
China lanceert voor het eerst bemanning naar eigen ruimtestation
China heeft donderdag de eerste drie bewoners naar zijn eerste echte ruimtestation gebracht. Ze zijn om 09.54 uur Belgische tijd met de capsule Shenzhou-12 aangekomen. Die was afgelopen nacht van op de basis Jiuquan in het noordwesten van China met een Lange Mars-2F draagraket gelanceerd en koppelde op automatische piloot aan de Tianhe-basismodule van het ruimtestation Tiangong (‘Hemels Paleis’), aldus het officiële persbureau Xinhua.
Het eerste onderdeel van het ruimtestation Tiangong werd al in april gelanceerd. Het gaat om een buis van bijna 17 meter lang en iets meer dan vier meter breed. Daar moeten de drie leven, eten, slapen, sporten, werken en onderzoek doen. De bemanning gaat twee keer naar buiten voor een ruimtewandeling. De komende jaren moeten er nog twee andere onderdelen aan de eerste module worden gekoppeld.
De vlucht wordt geleid door Nie Haisheng (56), die aan zijn derde ruimtevlucht begint. Hij krijgt gezelschap van Liu Boming (54) en Tang Hongbo (45), twee andere ruimtevaarders dan eerst gepland.
Nog nooit zo lang aan een stuk in de ruimte
De zogenoemde taikonauten blijven drie maanden in het ruimtestation. Nog nooit zijn Chinezen zo lang aan een stuk in de ruimte geweest. "Deze missie duurt langer en we moeten niet alleen de kern, ons huis in de ruimte, installeren maar we moeten ook een paar belangrijke technische tests doen. Deze missie is moeilijker en de uitdagingen zijn groter", zei Nie bij de laatste persconferentie voor vertrek. Liu sprak van een "extreem complexe en zware missie", ook vanwege de ruimtewandelingen.
Het ambitieuze China werkt in de ruimtevaart niet of nauwelijks samen met andere landen. Als het ruimtestation rond 2023 klaar is, kan daar wel wat verandering in komen. "In de nabije toekomst zullen we zowel Chinese als buitenlandse astronauten samen in het Chinese ruimtestation zien", liet een bestuurder van het Chinese ruimtevaartprogramma weten.
In de Koude Oorlog bood de Sovjet-Unie bondgenoten ruimtevluchten aan. Daardoor konden mensen uit bijvoorbeeld Oost-Duitsland, Bulgarije, Vietnam, Cuba, Afghanistan, Mongolië en Syrië de ruimte in.
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12 Amazing Discoveries in Egypt That Baffled Scientists
12 Amazing Discoveries in Egypt That Baffled Scientists
The ancient Egyptians are such a mysterious group of people that due to their antiquity it’s hard to solve the many mysterious surrounding their time and world. All that’s left now is to work with the countless artifacts that has been discovered in recent history which brings up a lot more questions than answers. Some discoveries are so reality-shattering that it questions the very foundation of how civilizations evolved over the millennia. Ancient Egyptians have time and again defied our expectations of what is possible in ancient times. Here are 12 amazing discoveries found in Egypt which Scared scientists. Let’s begin.
The Lunar Lantern Could be a Beacon for Humanity on the Moon
The Lunar Lantern Could be a Beacon for Humanity on the Moon
In October of 2024, NASA’s Artemis Program will return astronauts to the surface of the Moon for the first time since the Apollo Era. In the years and decades that follow, multiple space agencies and commercial partners plan to build the infrastructure that will allow for a long-term human presence on the Moon. An important part of these efforts involves building habitats that can ensure the astronauts’ health, safety, and comfort in the extreme lunar environment.
This challenge has inspired architects and designers from all over the world to create innovative and novel ideas for lunar living. One of these is the Lunar Lantern, a base concept developed by ICON (an advanced construction company based in Austin, Texas) as part of a NASA-supported project to build a sustainable outpost on the Moon. This proposal is currently being showcased as part of the 17th International Architecture Exhibition at the La Biennale di Venezia museum in Venice, Italy.
The Lunar Lantern emerged from Project Olympus, a research and development program made possible thanks to a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract and funding from NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Consistent with ICON’s commitment to developing advanced construction technologies, the purpose of Olympus was to create a space-based construction system that will support NASA and other future exploration efforts on the Moon.
To realize this vision, ICON partnered with two architectural firms: the Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), and Space Exploration Architecture (SEArch+). Whereas BIG is renowned for its iconic architecture and its work on multiple Lunar and Martian concepts in the past several years, SEArch+ is recognized for its “human-centered” designs for space exploration and its long-standing relationship with NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC) and Langley Research Center (LRC).
The result of their collaboration is the Lunar Lantern, a comprehensive lunar outpost that can be constructed on the Moon using automated robotic 3D printers. Consistent with the philosophy of these companies and NASA’s Artemis Program, the construction of this outpost leverages a number of burgeoning technologies as well as In-Situ-Resource Utilization (ISRU) to minimize dependence on Earth.
For the sake of their presentation at the Architectural Exhibition, SEArch+ prepared an updated video of their base concept (shown below) that illustrates how the Lunar Lantern concept will enable a sustained human presence on the Moon. To address the various hazards of the lunar environment, the main habitat employs three structural components: a Base Isolator, Tension Cables, and a Whipple Shield.
Base isolators are essentially seismic dampeners, which are deployed at the foundation to absorb the shocks and stresses caused by regular “moonquakes” – which are either “shallow” or “deep.” Shallow quakes occurr at depths of 50-220 km (31-137 mi and are attributed to changes in surface temperature and meteorite impacts. Deep quakes are more rare and powerful, originating at depths of ~700 km (435 mi), and are caused by tidal interactions with Earth.
Then there are the externally mounted tension cables, which apply compressive stress to the habitats 3D printed walls. The outermost component, the Whipple Shield, is a double shell made up of an interior lattice and external shield panels. This provides protection against ballistic impact from micrometeorites and ejecta (caused by impacts nearby) while also shielding the interior structure from the extreme heat caused by direct exposure to the Sun.
In addition to protecting against the extremes in temperature, radiation, and seismic activity, one of the chief concerns is the hazard posed by all the jagged and statically charged lunar regolith (aka. “moon dust”). As they illustrate, the Lunar Lander base is equipped to contain (and benefit from) this problem:
“The Lunar Lantern outpost consists of habitats, sheds, landing pads, blast walls, and roadways. Landing pads, thought to be one of the first lunar structures, will need to contain and control the supersonic and subsonic dust ejecta created during launch and landing. SEArch+’s design offers multiple strategies for dust mitigation and dust collection in printability, form, and function.”
Artist’s impression of the interior of the Lunar Lantern habitat.
Credit: ICON/BIG
As the animation demonstrates, the configuration of the landing pads allows for the dust to be collected, preventing it from dispersing across the surface and interfering with operations. The collected dust can then be used as feedstock for the construction robots, which rely on regolith to fashion 3D printed structures. This way, the design not only prevents ejecta from becoming a serious hazard but also provides a steady supply of material that can be used to effect repairs to the structure.
As for the name, this was inspired by another important design feature, one which ensures human comfort. In short, the Lantern admits light from the lunar surface and then turns it into interior lighting that is adjusted (based on the section of the habitat) and turned off entirely to simulate nighttime. Or as they explain in the video:
“In order to replicate the Earth’s daily circadian rhythms and seasonal cycles, the Lunar Lantern utilizes a fiber optic system which captures the nearly perpetual light at the Moon’s south pole and modulates it in both brightness and color temperature. The interior of the habitat is organized vertically, with three designated levels – for work and exercise, dining and social, sleeping and private spaces.”
There are also a few “Easter Eggs” in the video, which commercial space and space exploration aficionados will not fail to notice! In both videos posted above (particularly the one produced by SEArch+), some familiar vehicles can be seen on the landing pads. This includes the SpaceX Starship, which Musk has promised will be ready to transport cargo and crews to the Moon in a few years, and Blue Origin’s Blue Moon lander – possibly the Human Landing System (HLS) variant specifically designed for NASA’s Artemis Program.
Artist’s impressions of the Lunar Lantern’s interior. Credit: ICON/SEArch+
There is no shortage of ideas for how humans could live on the Moon and Mars someday. While the design elements differ from one concept to the next, they all share the same commitment to leveraging 3D printing, sustainability, and the ability to provide for water, power, and food using local resources. Each also emphasizes how planning to live sustainably in a hostile environment can shape how we live on Earth.
The Lunar Lantern is not the only space architecture exhibition featured at the 17th International Architecture Exhibition (which will run until Nov. 21st). The European Space Agency (ESA) – in partnership with the international architecture firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) – are also showcasing their proposal for a fully operational semi-inflatable lunar habitat, known as the “Lunar Village.”
These two proposals beautifully illustrate how proposals for living beyond Earth are becoming a part of mainstream architecture. As this decade comes to a close, this trend is likely to continue, eventually becoming an entirely new form of architectural, industrial, and interior design. If and when humans begin to settle on the Moon and Mars, we can expect the real estate industry will follow suite!
The Largest Rotating Objects in the Universe: Galactic Filaments Hundreds of Millions of Light-Years Long
The Largest Rotating Objects in the Universe: Galactic Filaments Hundreds of Millions of Light-Years Long
We’ve known for a while about the large-scale structure of the Universe. Galaxies reside in filaments hundreds of millions of light-years long, on a backbone of dark matter. And, where those filaments meet, there are galaxy clusters. Between them are massive voids, where galaxies are sparse. Now a team of astronomers in Germany and their colleagues in China and Estonia have made an intriguing discovery.
These massive filaments are rotating, and this kind of rotation on such a massive scale has never been seen before.
Obviously, there’s no way to take an actual picture of the Universe’s large-scale structure. But there are some almost-famous images that come from the Millennium Simulation Program. The Millennium Simulation was a super-computer simulation of a cubic portion of the Universe over 2 billion light-years on each side. The image contains about 20 million individual galaxies organized in filaments and clumps, and it was our first real glimpse of the Universe’s LSS.
It’s remarkable to look at that image now and imagine those filaments rotating.
Image of the large-scale structure of the Universe, showing filaments and voids within the cosmic structure. Credit: Millennium Simulation Project
The team of astronomers behind this discovery worked with data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS.) The SDSS created a very detailed 3D map of the Universe, so SDSS data was critical to the team’s discovery.
“By mapping the motion of galaxies in these huge cosmic superhighways using the Sloan Digital Sky survey – a survey of hundreds of thousands of galaxies – we found a remarkable property of these filaments: they spin.” says Peng Wang, first author of the now published study and astronomer at the AIP (Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam).
Each of the galaxies in the filaments amounts to no more than a speck of dust on the grand scale, and they’re not only rotating but moving along the tendrils as if they’re pipelines.
“They move on helixes or corkscrew like orbits, circling around the middle of the filament while travelling along it.”
Noam Libeskind, Study Co-Author, AIP.
“Despite being thin cylinders – similar in dimension to pencils – hundreds of millions of light years long, but just a few million light years in diameter, these fantastic tendrils of matter rotate,” added Noam Libeskind, initiator of the project at the AIP. “On these scales the galaxies within them are themselves just specs of dust. They move on helixes or corkscrew like orbits, circling around the middle of the filament while travelling along it. Such a spin has never been seen before on such enormous scales, and the implication is that there must be an as yet unknown physical mechanism responsible for torquing these objects.”
The fact that these filaments spin is difficult to visualize, and fascinating once you succeed. But the discovery is about more than our own fascination. These are the largest objects we’ve ever seen spinning, and that means that angular momentum can take place on a massive scale. One of the mysteries in cosmology is how that angular momentum is generated on such a massive scale since there was no primordial rotation in the early Universe.
The discovery rests on observations of individual galaxies in the filaments and their Doppler shift. In this study, red-shift is a proxy for rotation, Red-shifted galaxies are receding, and blue-shifted galaxies are approaching.
This figure from the paper shows the filament rotation speed as a function of the distance between galaxies and the filament spine. The distance of galaxies from the filament spine in the receding region is displayed in red and ascribed positive values, while the distance of galaxies in the approaching region is marked in blue and ascribed negative values. Error bars represent the standard deviation about the mean. Image Credit: Wang et al 2021.
In the current working model of the Universe’s structural formation, overdensities grow via gravitational instability. Material from underdense regions flows into regions of overdensity. But that flow of material has no rotation or curl to it. That’s why cosmologists say that there was no rotation in the early Universe. And here’s where this discovery gets more interesting.
The rotation evident in these filaments of galaxies must be generated as the structures form. And these filaments and the rest of the cosmic web are connected to the formation and evolution of galaxies themselves. They also have a powerful effect on the spin of individual galaxies and can regulate how a galaxy and its dark matter halo rotate. There’s an unknown piece in all of this: scientists don’t yet know how our current understanding can predict that the filaments themselves spin.
“Such a spin has never been seen before on such enormous scales, and the implication is that there must be an as yet unknown physical mechanism responsible for torquing these objects.”
Noam Libeskind, Study Co-Author, AIP.
Before this study, other scientists have theorized that these filaments spin. For example, Dr. Mark Neyrinck, a Fellow at the Department of Theoretical Physics at the University of the Basque Country, Spain, is known for theorizing on this. He’s also known for developing the “origami” description of cosmic structure formation. In a 2016 article in The Paper he said, “…if galaxies rotate (and they do), so must filaments sticking out of them. Furthermore, galaxies joined by a filament should rotate mostly together, like objects attached to the ends of a rod. In fact, this is consistent with astronomical observations; nearby galaxies tend to be spinning in the same direction.”
Dr. Neyrinck’s work was an important starting point for the team behind this paper.
“Motivated by the suggestion from the theorist Dr. Mark Neyrinck that filaments may spin, we examined the observed galaxy distribution, looking for filament rotation,” says co-author Noam Libeskind. “It’s fantastic to see this confirmation that intergalactic filaments rotate in the real Universe, as well as in computer simulation.”
The team used a sophisticated mapping method that divided the observed galaxy distribution into segments. Then each of the filaments was approximated by a cylinder. The galaxies in the filament were then divided into two regions on either side of the filament’s spine. Then they carefully measured the mean redshift difference between the two regions. “The mean redshift difference is a proxy for the velocity difference (the Doppler shift) between galaxies on the receding and approaching side of the filament tube,” the authors write. That’s how they measured the filaments’ rotation.
In their paper, the team writes that what they found cannot be random. “What is measured and presented here is the redshift difference between two regions on either side of a hypothesized spin axis that is coincident with the filament spine. The full distribution of this quantity is inconsistent with random regardless of the viewing angle formed with the line of sight…”
However, the researchers caution, their results don’t imply that every filament in the Universe is rotating. That would be an over-reach. “This work does not predict that every single filament in the Universe is rotating,” they write, “rather that there are subsamples—intimately connected to the viewing angle end point mass—that show a clear signal consistent with rotation. This is the main finding of this work.”
“Taken together,” the team writes in their conclusion, “the current study and demonstrate that angular momentum can be generated on unprecedented scales, opening the door to a new understanding of cosmic spin.”
Lead author of this work is Peng Wang, an astronomer at the Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP). The title of the paper is “Possible observational evidence for cosmic filament spin.” It’s published in Nature Astronomy.
Linda Moulton Howe: Huge Non-Human Craft Attempts to Land at Iraqi Base
Linda Moulton Howe: Huge Non-Human Craft Attempts to Land at Iraqi Base
SPECIAL REBROADCAST – ORIGINALLY BROADCAST
Upcoming June 23 broadcast – Summer Solstice celebration. – 175k+ subscribers celebration – impending release of new government UAP info 2:27 – Saturday, March 13 – “Macron rehearses Star Wars”, “France runs satellite war games” – France carried out first ever military exercise in space – US, France, Germany take part in codename “Asterix” – wargame exercise practicing orbital defence
5:01 – Mystery boom, shaking reported around San Diego, March 10, 2021 – noise and shaking felt around Southern California – no information about the cause, even from USGS – eyewitness in South Park… “I knew it wasn’t an earthquake”.. “sudden impact” Strange metal sounds coming from the sky in PA on March 13 – Phoenixville, PA witness: “we heard a metallic sound”..”this was not the sound of a sonic boom
MUFON CASE : 116327 Los Banos, California ( June 17, 2021 )
Mutual UFO Network : MUFON SUBMISSIONS : Four semi trucks buzzed Long Description of Sighting Report
I was the third truck of four, that were running together. We left Oakland after a concert we were touring with, headed to San Diego. At about 3am I happened to see a light shine out across in front of us maybe two miles or so ahead of us on the right, and it went out. I didn't think much of it. I thought at first someone was shinning deer. Than I saw a beam shine downward but didn't see anything else. The origin of the light looked to be about 100ft above the ground. Then it went out. Then you could see white marker lights as it crossed the 5 and turned north on the other side and came at us. before it reached us it turned back and went south and crossed back over the 5 to the west and the lights all went out and I couldn't see it anymore. The fella in the truck in front of said he saw it off the the right just sitting there hovering. I saw light shinning in my passenger side window coming at me from a little behind me. I thought it was going to slam into the side of my tractor. It came straight at me. There were three very bright white lights across the front edge ot this thing, shinning right into my side window. It came to almost a complete stop, rotated tipped up on its edge and slid over the top of my tractor, and out over the front of my windshield. When we stop later that morning, and I stopped my video cameras to go back over that segments to see if it got recorded. I didn't think it would catch it, because the cameras are set to look down out over the hood of my truck to the road in front of me. I would estimate that craft was about 30 to 50 feet above the truck in front of me. With a high degree of certainty it would say that this thing was about 14ft at it widest point. probably close to 20ft long. My tractor is 19.5ft long and 13.4ft tall. As it came over and out into view I got a really good look at it (see drawing) the edge of this was slightly larger than the light placement on the underside. Interstate lanes are 12ft x2 plus 11ft for both shoulders, that's a total of 35ft. This was just a little larger than a single lane. Smallest Cessna has a 32ft wing span, and crop dusters are 34ft. this was no plane. it had no visible propulsion system. It could be a new military style drone. but can drones hover without propellers or a fan system? More to the point, why would the military put people on the highway at risk. Im still baffled that there is absolutely no light flash in my cab when it came at me. should have seen the inside of my cab light up in the video. Just another strange aspect. I would have to say my buddies where really excited over this event, trying to put it into some kind of contexts. I tried to tell them you can't. You'll always have this with you, wondering what it was. i told them this was the third time I've had events in very close proximity with arial phenomena, and it wasn't even the strangest, and if you tell it to people that have never experience something like this, they'll tell you, what you saw, isn't what you saw. When we first saw it and it crossed the 5 heading east, a couple miles ahead of us, had it kept going straight, it just would have been a low flying airplane under 500ft. At night!
Date Submitted : 2021-06-17 Date of Event : 2016-08-05 MUFON SUBMITTER FILE : 050816I5MileMarker377.5California.M4V : no audio
MUFON CASE : 116320 Corpus Christi, Texas ( June 17, 2021 )
Mutual UFO Network : MUFON SUBMISSIONS : White round circle with connection to another circle Long Description of Sighting Report
It seems to be a main circle controlling a smaller circle have video the video was taken by security camera object was detected by motion sensor
Date Submitted : 2021-06-17 Date of Event : 2021-06-15 MUFON SUBMITTER FILE : trim.64DCCBDBFBED4F668061BE2C5FF3935F.MOV : no audio
MUFON CASE : 116315 Seminole, Texas ( June 17, 2021 )
Mutual UFO Network : MUFON SUBMISSIONS : Light or something
Two UFO Shoot Out Of Volcano Mouth In Mexico On Live Cam, June 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Two UFO Shoot Out Of Volcano Mouth In Mexico On Live Cam, June 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:June 16, 2021
Location of sighting: Popocatepetl, Mexico
This live volcano cam caught two UFOs shooting out of the mouth of the famous Popocatepetl volcano this week. Then a third UFO shoots across the top of the volcano, since this is an active volcano, we know it's not a plane. No pilot in his right mind would fly over a volcano that blows twice a week. The close up of the video clearly shows the brightly glowing UFOs exiting the mouth and wavering back and forth and then shooting straight up! Absolutely mind blowing! This should be impossible, but I do know that UFOs have been seen entering and exiting this volcano for almost a decade. I also know there is an alien base 5-6km below the ground level that contains the alien base itself. 100% proof that aliens live on Earth and come and go any time they want.
Phoenix Lights Over City of Lehi, Utah June 14, 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Phoenix Lights Over City of Lehi, Utah June 14, 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: June 14, 2021 Location of sighting: Lehi, Utah, USA
Wow this video is amazing! Those lights in the sky remind me of the famous Phoenix lights UFO incident long ago. At first what I thought was a reflection from the street traffic lights turned into something more monumental. This is not a four UFOs, but actually a single larger craft that is cloaked from view...however sometimes the propulsion systems are visible and sometimes the ship itself become visible for a few seconds to a few minutes during sunset. Thats why we see them here. Aliens like to think they are superior in all ways, but truth be told, they make mistakes just like us. I'm pretty sure the US military will try to take credit for it and spread disinformation and make the public believe its nothing at all, but its 100% alien!
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
*MUST SEE* Triangle UFO flying over the highway in Los Banos, California
*MUST SEE* Triangle UFO flying over the highway in Los Banos, California
Here’s one really interesting footage of a possible TR-3B (triangle UFO) flying across the night sky above Los Banos, a city in Merced County, central California. This happened on 8th May 2021 but it was just today submitted to MUFON’s website.
Witness report:
I was the third truck of four, that were running together. We left Oakland after a concert we were touring with, headed to San Diego. At about 3am I happened to see a light shine out across in front of us maybe two miles or so ahead of us on the right, and it went out. I didn’t think much of it. I thought at first someone was shinning deer. Than I saw a beam shine downward but didn’t see anything else. The origin of the light looked to be about 100ft above the ground. Then it went out. Then you could see white marker lights as it crossed the 5 and turned north on the other side and came at us. before it reached us it turned back and went south and crossed back over the 5 to the west and the lights all went out and I couldn’t see it anymore. The fella in the truck in front of said he saw it off the the right just sitting there hovering. I saw light shinning in my passenger side window coming at me from a little behind me. I thought it was going to slam into the side of my tractor. It came straight at me. There were three very bright white lights across the front edge ot this thing, shinning right into my side window. It came to almost a complete stop, rotated tipped up on its edge and slid over the top of my tractor, and out over the front of my windshield. When we stop later that morning, and I stopped my video cameras to go back over that segments to see if it got recorded. I didn’t think it would catch it, because the cameras are set to look down out over the hood of my truck to the road in front of me. I would estimate that craft was about 30 to 50 feet above the truck in front of me. With a high degree of certainty it would say that this thing was about 14ft at it widest point. probably close to 20ft long. My tractor is 19.5ft long and 13.4ft tall. As it came over and out into view I got a really good look at it (see drawing) the edge of this was slightly larger than the light placement on the underside. Interstate lanes are 12ft x2 plus 11ft for both shoulders, that’s a total of 35ft. This was just a little larger than a single lane. Smallest Cessna has a 32ft wing span, and crop dusters are 34ft. this was no plane. it had no visible propulsion system. It could be a new military style drone. but can drones hover without propellers or a fan system? More to the point, why would the military put people on the highway at risk. Im still baffled that there is absolutely no light flash in my cab when it came at me. should have seen the inside of my cab light up in the video. Just another strange aspect. I would have to say my buddies where really excited over this event, trying to put it into some kind of contexts. I tried to tell them you can’t. You’ll always have this with you, wondering what it was. i told them this was the third time I’ve had events in very close proximity with arial phenomena, and it wasn’t even the strangest, and if you tell it to people that have never experience something like this, they’ll tell you, what you saw, isn’t what you saw.
When we first saw it and it crossed the 5 heading east, a couple miles ahead of us, had it kept going straight, it just would have been a low flying airplane under 500ft. At night! The map thats attached gives context to what interaction occurred. The circle up by the Chevron Station is roughly where we were when I first saw the light shoot out to the east. The M4V video has been cleaned up to brighten it up. Its from the camera mounted on the driver side. Its the exact same video as, South Bound MM377.5.mov, just shortened. and no audio in either one. The Mile Marker 377.7 South Bound.mov is from the camera thats mounted on the passenger side. With audio. Because the vehicle enters the frame just above the camera, you don’t see the vehicle as deep into the center of the video, as explained they’re not designed to be looking up.
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Should all go according to plan, NASA’s new SLS megarocket will finally make it to space this coming November, in a journey that will take an Orion capsule to the Moon and back. No human will take part in the inaugural Artemis mission, but a soon-to-be-named manikin will come along for the ride, along with a pair of simulated torsos.
The manikin strapped in its Orion chair and in launch position. Image: NASA
NASA’s Space Launch System iscoming along nicely, so it’s only natural to start thinking about a crew, or at least, a stand-in for the real crew (the actual Artemis team has already been chosen, in case you’re wondering). Having flesh-and-blood humans participate in an inaugural rocket launch would be unspeakably reckless, which is why NASA is preparing a manikin for the mission.
But this ain’t your ordinary storefront manikin, for this dummy will be fitted with two radiation sensors to record data during the Artemis I flight, and wear NASA’s next generation flight suit, also known as the Orion suit. A pair of sensors will also be fitted to the manikin’s seat—the commander’s seat, no less—to track the spacecraft’s vibration and acceleration during the trip. The seat also features an energy dampening system, called the Crew Impact Attenuation System. This safety feature is currently going through qualification testing in anticipation of a crewed mission to the Moon.
Indeed, the first Artemis mission will pack a big punch. In addition to launching SLS for the first time, NASA will send an unscrewed Orion capsule—with all due respect to the manikin—on a 280,000-mile (450,000-kilometer) journey to the Moon and back. Astronauts will experience 2.5 times the force of gravity during the ascent, and endure high radiation levels during passage through the Van Allen belts—clouds of high-energy particles located between the Earth and Moon (prior to the Apollo missions, NASA was concerned that the Van Allen Belts might actually prove fatal to the astronauts, which didn’t turn out to the the case).
The Orion spacecraft will also return to Earth’s atmosphere at speeds reaching 6.8 miles per second (11 km/s), which will be the fastest reentry ever for a crewed space capsule. Orion will also experience temperatures reaching 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2,760 degrees Celsius), which will be hotter than what the spacecraft endured during its 2014 test flight.
So yeah, sending a dummy on this first flight is a smart idea, as the exercise could reveal potentially dangerous conditions for astronauts. What’s more, data collected during Artemis I “will be used for Orion crew simulations and to verify crew safety by comparing flight vibration and acceleration against pre-flight predictions, then making model refinements as necessary,” Mark Baldwin, Orion’s occupant protection specialist for Lockheed Martin, explained in a statement. Success in the mission will set the stage for Artemis II, in which the exact mission will repeat, save for the presence of an actual crew.
To be clear, the Artemis manikin is no crash test dummy, which is a separate category of human stand-in, as NASA explains:
Similar to manikins, NASA uses Anthropometric Test Devices, or “crash test dummies,” that are equipped with various instruments for other crew safety evaluations. Dummies are used in tests that drop a test version of Orion from an aircraft, with the final set of tests scheduled for later this year, to verify the Artemis II seat and suit can limit the risk of head and neck injury during the most severe acceleration environments – abort and landing. During water impact drop tests at Langley, dummies also occupied crew capsule prototypes to help engineers better understand what Orion and its crew may experience when landing in the ocean after missions to the Moon.
Artemis I will also include a pair of simulated torsos named Helga and Zohar. The pair will be strapped into the lower two seats on Orion, and record radiation exposure during the mission. One torso will be used to test a radiation-shielding vest, called AstroRad, which is designed to reduce exposure.
The two test torsos, one of which is equipped with a new vest to protect against radiation. Image: NASA
The phantom torsos have names, but the manikin does not. At least not yet. NASA has launched a contest to name the dummy, but those of you hoping to submit Manikin McManikinface will be in for a profound disappointment, as the space agency, likely in anticipation of this, has supplied a predetermined set of names (captions provided by NASA):
ACE: Straightforward, practical. Stands for Artemis Crew Explorer.
CAMPOS: Resourceful, problem-solver. A dedication to Arturo Campos, key player in bringing Apollo 13 home.
DELOS: Nostalgic, romantic. The island where Apollo and Artemis were born, according to Greek myth.
DUHART: Warm, welcoming. A dedication to Irene Duhart Long, chief medical officer at Kennedy Space Center.
MONTGOMERY: Pioneer, innovative. A dedication to Julius Montgomery, first African American to work at the Cape Canaveral Space Facility as a technical professional.
RIGEL: Bright, inspirational. The giant superstar in the Orion constellation.
SHACKLETON: Secretive, abundant. A crater on the Moon’s south pole and a reference to a famous Antarctic explorer.
WARGO: Enthusiastic, passionate. A dedication to Michael Wargo, the agency’s first Chief Exploration Scientist.
Starting today, NASA will be asking social media users on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram to choose one of two names. Eventually, the naming brackets will be whittled down to two, and a final winner will be announced on June 28.
Mecca (also spelled as Makkah) is regarded as the holiest city in Islam. Apart from the fact that Mecca was the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, it is also the city whereIslam’s holiest placeof worship, the Great Mosque (more commonly known as al-Masjid al-Haram) is located. In addition, it is in the direction of Mecca that Muslims face when they perform their daily prayers. Furthermore, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, the Hajj, or Pilgrimage, involves an extended visit to the city.
Where is Mecca?
Mecca is located in the western part of the Arabian Peninsula, in what is today the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. The sacred city is historically part of the Hejaz, which stretches along the Arabian Peninsula’s Red Sea coast from Jordan in the north to the Asir region in the south. Mecca is situated 73 km (45 mi.) inland from Jeddah, the commercial hub of Saudi Arabia.
The city sits in the Wadi Ibrahim (Valley of Abraham), and is surrounded by the Sirat Mountains. There are four passes through the mountains that grant access to the holy city.
Panoramic View of Mecca, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, 1845. From the Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage.
Mecca is most closely associated with the Islamic faith. Nevertheless, the city was already a significant religious center and key spot for trading even before the founding of Islam. This is due to the fact that Mecca was an oasis on the trade route that linked the Mediterranean world with Southern Arabia, East Africa, and the Indian subcontinent.
Due to Mecca’s strategic geographical location, it was developed during the Roman and Byzantine periods. It is possible that Mecca was also known to the peoples of the Hellenistic period. In Ptolemy’s Geography, a city in the interior of the Arabian Peninsula called Macoraba is mentioned. Macoraba has been traditionally identified with Mecca, though some modern scholars have cast doubts on this identification.
The Earliest History of Mecca
Still, ancient writings referring to Mecca seems to be scarce. Instead, the main source of information for this part of the city’s history comes from later Islamic and Arabic sources. Islamic tradition, for example, traces the history of Mecca all the way back to the beginning of time .
It is believed that when Adam and Eve were thrown out of Paradise, they were separated. Adam landed on the island of Sri Lanka, while Eve found herself in the area that is now Jeddah. After wandering the earth on their own for a period of time, Adam and Eve were reunited by God on Mount Arafat, to the east of Mecca. Arabic sources also state that Adam was buried in Mecca. Eve, on the other hand, was buried in nearby Jeddah.
The next appearance of Mecca in Islamic tradition is in the story of the Great Flood. It is said that during the flood, Noah’s ark came to Mecca, and passed around the disinterred body of Adam seven times. According to the Quran, Abraham and Ishmael (Abraham’s son by Hagar) were responsible for building (or rebuilding) the Kaaba in Mecca (more about the Ka’aba later in this article). The city is also associated with Abraham by the belief that it was there that Hagar nursed Ishmael back to health with the waters of the Well of Zamzam.
The Arabian Peninsula Before Islam
Muslims refer to the period on the Arabian Peninsula before the arrival of Islam as Jahiliyya, which may be translated to mean ‘Age of Ignorance’. The term Jahiliyya is normally used pejoratively to refer to the pre-Islamic period in the Arabian Peninsula. The Jahiliyya period is important for Muslims, as it is serves to highlight the change brought about by Islam to the Arab way of life.
Some features of the Jahiliyya period include: the worship of idols, tribalism, and the practice of female infanticide. In short, the Jahiliyya period was thought to have been a dark age. Interestingly, the term Jahiliyya is considered to be positive with regards to Arabic literature, as pre-Islamic Arabic poetry is esteemed by Muslims.
"Bayad plays the oud to the lady", Arabic manuscript for ‘Qissat Bayad wa Reyad’ tale (late 12th century).
The birth of Islam is normally portrayed as a radical break from the Jahiliyya period. The story of Islam began in Mecca in 570 AD. According to tradition, this was the year that the Prophet Muhammad was born.
For the first 40 years of his life, Muhammad lived as an ordinary man. Muhammad’s father is said to have died before he was born, while his mother died when he was six years old. The future prophet was raised by his paternal grandfather until the latter’s death two years later.
Finally, he came into the care of his uncle, Abu Talib, who had become the new head of the Hashim clan. According to one story, while accompanying his uncle on a trading journey to Syria, Muhammad was recognized as a future prophet by a Christian monk. At the age of 25, Muhammad married a wealthy woman named Khadijah, who was 40 years old. Khadijah had employed Muhammad to oversee the transportation of her goods to Syria, and was so impressed by him, that she offered to marry him.
Every once in a while, Muhammad would seclude himself in a cave on one of the mountains near Mecca. One night in his fortieth year, as Muhammad was meditating in the cave, the angel Jibril (Gabriel) appeared to him, and gave him his first revelation. The angel taught him the opening verses of Surah 96 of the Quran: “Recite in the name of your Lord who creates, / creates man from a clot! / Recite for your Lord is most generous…”
The encounter with the angel left Muhammad feeling disturbed, but he was reassured by Khadijah and her cousin, Waraqah ibn Nawfal (a Christian who confirmed Muhammad’s prophethood). Muhammad continued receiving revelations from Jibril, but for the next three years, limited himself to speaking about them in private.
The angel Jibrîl stands before Muhammad and instructs him on the call to prayer.
Eventually, Muhammad was commanded by God to preach publicly. Initially, the Meccans did not oppose Muhammad. When the prophet began proclaiming that there is no god but Allah, however, he began to face opposition from the Quraysh of Mecca.
This is due to the fact that the monotheism preached by Muhammad was perceived as an attack on the religious beliefs and practices of the Quraysh. Moreover, the Quraysh feared that the economy of the city would be affected if they accepted Muhammad’s message and became monotheists because pagan pilgrims would stop coming to the city.
Although Muhammad faced opposition from the majority of the Meccans, he received protection from his clan, and was therefore able to stay in the city. In 619 AD, however, his uncle, Abu Talib, died, and leadership of the clan passed to another of the prophet’s uncles, Abu Lahab.
Abu Lahab opposed Muhammad, so he withdrew the clan’s protection of the prophet. This meant that Muhammad was no longer safe in Mecca. In 622 AD, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for Medina, a journey which is referred to as the Hijrah. 622 AD is also the year in which the Islamic calendar begins. In 630 AD, the Muslims were strong enough to march an army on Mecca. The Meccans submitted, and an amnesty was declared by the prophet.
The Holy City of Mecca
Interestingly, despite being the holiest city in Islam, Mecca never became the capital of any Islamic state. The immediate successors of Muhammad, the Rashidun caliphs, for instance, ruled from Medina (with the exception of the fourth caliph, Ali, who moved the capital to Kufa). The Umayyads who followed ruled from Damascus, while their successors, the Abbasids, were based in Baghdad. The latter moved to Cairo after the Mongols invaded.
Lastly, the Ottoman caliphs ruled from Constantinople. Nevertheless, Islamic rulers continued to contribute to the upkeep of the holy city, and served as its defenders. The title ‘Protector of the Two Holy Cities’ (referring to Mecca and Medina), for instance, has been used by various Muslim rulers in history.
As a holy city, Mecca retained its significance in the Muslim faith. The most obvious sign of this is the fact that when Muslims perform their daily prayers, they do so in the direction of Mecca. Another clear sign of Mecca’s religious significance is the role it plays in the Hajj. This is the last of Islam’s Five Pillars, which states that every Muslim who is physically and financially able to do so should make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.
The Hajj is an annual pilgrimage that takes place during the during the Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic year. More precisely, it begins on the 7th day of that month, and ends on the 12th day. One of the most important rituals of the Hajj is the tawaf, which is the circumambulation of the pilgrims around the Ka’aba seven times in an anti-clockwise direction. The Ka’aba is a small shrine located near the center of the al-Masjid al-Haram, and is considered by Muslims to be the most sacred spot on earth.
According to Islamic belief, Abraham was instructed by God to bring Hagar and their son, Ishmael, to Arabia from Palestine to protect them from the jealousy of Sarah. Abraham brought the two of them to the site of Mecca, and left them there, as instructed by God. Although he gave them some supplies of food and water before leaving, it ran out.
Soon, Hagar and Ishmael were suffering from hunger and thirst. In desperation, the mother ran up and down two hills, Safa and Marwa, to see if she could spot any help in the distance. Finally, Hagar collapsed beside her son out of exhaustion, and prayed to God for help. At that moment, Ishmael struck his foot on the ground, and water gushed out, and thus the two were saved. This is said to be the origin of the Well of Zamzam. The Spring of Zamzam, from which the well draws its waters, is believed to be a tributary of the Waters of Paradise.
Historic Zamzam well mouthpiece. The description reads: (line 1) The mouthpiece of the well of Zamzam. (line 2) The pulley for lifting Zamzam water dating back to the end of the fourteenth century of Hijrah. (line 3) The brass bucket which was used to be in the well of Zamzam dating back to 1299 Hijrah.
The miracle not only saved Hagar and Ishmael, but also allowed them to make a living, as they were able to trade their water with passing nomads for food and supplies. Sometime later, Abraham returned to check on Hagar and Ishmael, and was commanded by God to build the Ka’aba. According to one interpretation of the verse, Abraham was told to rebuild the shrine.
This may mean that there was an older shrine, one said to have been erected by Adam, the foundations of which were left by the time of Abraham. As time went by, the people of Mecca became polytheists, and idols were placed in the Ka’aba. When the Meccans surrendered to Muhammad in 630 AD, the Ka’aba was cleansed of its idols.
In the eastern corner of the Ka’aba is the Black Stone. As part of the tawaf, pilgrims touch and kiss this sacred object. The Black Stone is believed to date to the time of Adam and Eve. According to Islamic belief, the stone was given to Adam when he was cast out of Paradise so that he could obtain forgiveness for his sins.
The Black Stone is said to have been concealed during the Great Flood, but was restored to Abraham when he was building / re-building the Ka’aba. Legend has it that the stone was originally white in color, but turned black as a result of absorbing the sins of the countless pilgrims who have touched and kissed it.
Mecca’s status as the holiest city in Islam has been maintained from the faith’s beginning till this day. In the almost 1400 years since Islam was established, Mecca has seen its fair share of ups and downs. Ownership of the sacred city, for instance, has switched hands many times in its long history.
Wide panoramic view on entire Masjid Al Haram mosque from Clock Tower Abraj Al Bait, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
In 1269, for example, Mecca came under the control of the Mamluks, while in 1517, the city fell into the hands of the Ottomans. In 1925, Mecca was captured by the Saudis, and it has remained a part of their kingdom since then. For the faithful, however, such political changes are of secondary importance, as the Hajj has been performed over the centuries, regardless of who is in charge of the city.
NASA’s Ingenuity helicopter is the first spacecraft to successfully achieve controlled flight on another planet.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS
Ingenuity, NASA’s pint-sized Mars helicopter, has kicked up some surprising science on its flights over the red planet. When whizzing through the Martian air, its blades sometimes stir up a dust cloud that envelops and travels along with the tiny chopper.
In several videos of Ingenuity’s flights, planetary scientists have seen dust whirling beneath the helicopter’s rotors — even when Ingenuity is flying as high as 5 metres above the Martian surface. That suggests that dust can get lifted and transported in the thin Martian air more easily than researchers had suspected.
“It’s really cool,” says Mark Lemmon, a planetary scientist at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado.
On its fourth flight, on 30 April, Ingenuity kicked up a large bolus of dust that travelled along with the helicopter as it flew, as shown in this video taken by Perseverance.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS/SSI
Mars is a dusty planet, so it’s not surprising that the helicopter kicks up dust during takeoff and landing, much as helicopters on Earth do when operating in the desert. Engineers designed Ingenuity to operate with a lot of dust blowing around as it takes off and lands. But scientists are surprised by how the dust interacts with the drone during flight. By watching how Ingenuity entrains dust as it flies, researchers can better understand the dynamics of Mars’s thin atmosphere, where tornado-like ‘dust devils’ often form when the Sun heats the air and afternoon winds begin to blow.
“There’s an unanticipated atmospheric science experiment coming out of this,” says Jim Bell, a planetary scientist at Arizona State University in Tempe.
Ingenuity is what NASA calls a technology demonstration, whose only goal is to show that flight on Mars is possible. So "anything we can learn from it scientifically is icing on the cake", says Brian Jackson, a physicist at Boise State University in Idaho who studies Martian dust.
Bizarre dust clouds
Space scientists and amateur image processors have been analysing images and videos of the helicopter that NASA has posted online.
The agency's Perseverance rover carried Ingenuity to the surface of Mars in February. Its job is to roll around Jezero Crater and explore the rocks that were once part of an ancient lake, to look for signs of past life. In April, Ingenuity became the first machine to achieve powered flight on another planet. It has made seven flights so far.
Dust devils like this one, 20 kilometres high and captured by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, regularly swirl across the Martian surface.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UA
On the first two flights, Ingenuity kicked up a fair amount of dust as it rose 3 to 5 metres above the surface, but it didn’t travel far from its takeoff point and the dust cloud phenomenon wasn’t pronounced. On its third flight, the helicopter rose 5 metres and then flew north from its takeoff point, kicking up a cloud from several light-coloured patches it flew over on the Martian surface. Those patches might be small hollows where dust has collected in the Martian landscape, says Lemmon. “A lot more dust comes up at that moment” when the helicopter flies over them, he says.
Ingenuity’s blades spin at more than 2,400 revolutions per minute — a dizzying rate necessary for the helicopter to achieve lift in the Martian atmosphere, which is just 1% the density of Earth's.
It was Ingenuity’s fourth flight, on 30 April, that really intrigued scientists. A video, recorded by Perseverance from a vantage point nearby, shows the helicopter rise, disappear from view, and then re-appear while enveloped in an enormous cloud of dust following a 133-metre flight.
The video confirms that Ingenuity was flying along with the 3.5-metre-per-second wind, says Håvard Grip, the helicopter's chief pilot at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. "The dust was getting carried beneath us," he says.
Lemmon plans to compare tracks on the Martian surface left behind by natural dust devils with those where the helicopter kicked up the most dust. That will help researchers to better understand how winds blowing across Mars can lift dust and spin it into dust devils. The Martian atmosphere is so thin that scientists have had a hard time explaining how so much dust gets aloft, says Jackson. "We have to know how that first step in the process works," he says.
Ingenuity ran into some trouble on its sixth flight, on 22 May; it began wobbling because of a glitch in its navigation system, but managed to land safely. On its seventh flight, on 8 June, it flew 106 metres with no problem.
The helicopter has been wildly successful in demonstrating flight on other worlds, says Grip. In the future, bigger helicopters could travel long distances and scout out areas where wheeled vehicles cannot travel. "It's just so clear that this is definitely a way that could be used to explore Mars," he says.
Ingenuity will now tag along as Perseverance begins to roll south from its landing site. The helicopter will probably make additional flights every two weeks or so from now until the end of August, when operations are expected to draw to a close.
Perseverance has been exploring the rocks that make up Jezero Crater’s ancient lake bed. Team scientists are in the process of deciding where to drill to collect their first geological sample — either from the fractured rock that makes up the crater floor, or from a dune-laden region nearby. It will be the first in a collection of rock cores that are destined for pickup by future spacecraft, which will fly the material back to Earth — in the first-ever sample return from Mars.
'UFOs could pose a threat to America's national security': Capitol Hill lawmakers issue dire warning after classified briefing ahead of Pentagon's highly anticipated report on unidentified flying objects
'UFOs could pose a threat to America's national security': Capitol Hill lawmakers issue dire warning after classified briefing ahead of Pentagon's highly anticipated report on unidentified flying objects
Concern was evident from the reaction of some politicians following a highly-classified briefing with the Navy and FBI on Wednesday
The House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Subcommittee on Counterterrorism, Counterintelligence, and Counterproliferation was briefed
A Pentagon report on UFOs could be released any time this month, which would be one of the biggest government reveals on the subject
Some lawmakers received a peek at a 'sensitive compartmented information facility,' or SCIF, but wouldn't say what they saw inside
Instead, they focused on expressing their concern about how UFOs could threaten national security in the United States
'Clearly, something’s going on that we can’t handle,' Rep. Tim Burchett warned after the briefing
Lawmakers have expressed serious concerns about the threat of UFOs to America's national security, with one lawmaker going as far as to say 'something’s going on that we can’t handle.'
The comments emerged after a highly-classified briefing from the Navy and FBI to members of the House Permanent Select Committee on counterterrorism, on Wednesday - ahead of the Pentagon's highly anticipated report on UFOs this month.
'Clearly, something’s going on that we can’t handle,' Rep. Tim Burchett warned after the briefing.
Sean Patrick Maloney added that they were taking the issue of unexplained aerial phenomena 'seriously' - especially when it comes to the national security interests of the United States - 'so we want to know what we’re dealing with.'
'There are legitimate questions involving the safety and security of our personnel, and in our operations and in our sensitive activities, and we all know that there’s [a] proliferation of technologies out there,' Maloney told the New York Post.
Scroll down for video
'Clearly, something’s going on that we can’t handle,' Rep. Tim Burchett warned
Rep. Sean Patrick Maloney said 'We take the issue of unexplained aerial phenomena seriously to the extent that we’re dealing with the safety and security of US military personnel or the national security interests of the United States
This video grab image obtained April 26, 2020 courtesy of the US Department of Defense shows part of an unclassified video taken by Navy pilots. Politicians are expressing increasing concern about the impact UFOs may have on national security
The Pentagon's UAP Task Force is set to deliver its report on UFO sightings by the military to Congress on June 25. An unclassified version will be made public, while a more detailed classified one will remain secret - and anticipation has been mounting over what might be revealed.
This week, some lawmakers received a peek at a 'sensitive compartmented information facility,' or SCIF, but wouldn't say what they saw inside.
Instead, they focused on expressing their concern about how UFOs could threaten national security in the United States.
Rep. Val Demings said, 'You know it’s always about our safety and security — our national security is [priority] number one — and so that’s really the area where we really focused on this morning.'
'It was an interesting briefing,' Rep. Adam Schiff stated. 'I did learn things that were certainly new to me. But I think I’m going to leave it at that.'
Not every politician was as concerned, however, with Rep. Peter Welch saying of the forthcoming report, 'I’m not on the edge of my seat.'
At least one ex-pentagon official has already expressed concerns that could relate to national security, saying that UFOs have repeatedly meddled with U.S. nuclear technology, even forcing some facilities to go offline.
Luis Elizondo, the former head of the Pentagon's Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, told The Washington Post last week that UFOs or as they are officially identified UAPs (unidentified aerial phenomenon) have actually interfered with U.S. nuclear technology.
'Now in this country we've had incidents where these UAPs have interfered and actually brought offline our nuclear capabilities,' Elizondo said in an interview.
Rep. Adam Schiff (left) and Rep. Val Demings (right) were among those briefed Wednesday
The Pentagon's UAP Task Force is set to reveal their findings when they submit a long-awaited report on UFOs to Congress on June 25
Elizondo was asked about several UFO sightings above secret nuclear weapons facilities and the fact that almost every major nuclear power across the globe has reported and declassified these sightings.
He said that the phenomenon is a national security 'concern,' and added that the same observation has been made in other countries, making it a 'global issue.'
Elizondo said some people have suggested that UFOs bringing U.S. nuclear capabilities offline could be interpreted as a sign that the unidentified objects are 'peaceful' but said in other countries the UFOs have actually turned on nuclear technology.
'So that is equally, for me, just as concerning,' he said of their interference either way. 'I think that there is certainly at this point enough data to demonstrate there is an interest in our nuclear technology, a potential to even interfere with that nuclear technology.'
Elizondo also told the Post that the Pentagon's upcoming report will definitively state that UAPs are not U.S. technology, despite speculation.
He said he believed the findings would conclude that they were also not Russian or Chinese technology either, saying that instead he believes it is 'next generation' technology, decades ahead of our own.
'You know, through observations we are, we are quite convinced that we’re dealing with a technology that is multigenerational, several generations ahead of what we consider next generation technology, so what we would consider beyond next generation technology,' he said. 'Something that could be anywhere between 50 to 1,000 years ahead of us.'
Leaked video confirmed by the Pentagon shows a UFO buzz a stealth ship and dive
At least one ex-pentagon official has already expressed concerns that could relate to national security, saying that UFOs have repeatedly meddled with U.S. nuclear technology, even forcing some facilities to go offline (potential UFO sighting pictured)
Earlier this week, a top physicist also expressed alarm of UFOs, though physicist and science writer Mark Buchanan wrote in a recent Washington Post op-ed that he was concerned that alien contact could result in 'the end of all life on earth.'
'Chances are, we should all be grateful that we don't yet have any evidence of contact with alien civilizations,' Buchanan writes.
'Attempting to communicate with extraterrestrials, if they do exist, could be extremely dangerous for us.'
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence astronomer Joe Gertz echoed Buchanan's sentiments, stating that all of our attempts at communicating with extraterrestrials could ultimately cause 'the reckless endangerment of all mankind, and be absolutely proscribed with criminal consequences, presumably as exercised at the national level, or administered through the International Court of Justice in The Hague.'
Buchanan compared a possible alien encounter to Christopher Columbus coming to North America, where an older civilization was vulnerable to the more technologically-advanced Europeans.
However, astronomers and scientists from a differing school of thought believe extraterrestrial contact could only benefit humanity through the use of alien technology, which in turn could improve the planet's sustainability.
Douglas Vakoch, an American astrobiologist, search for extraterrestrial intelligence researcher, psychologist, and president of METI International, is one of those astronomers who not only believes in contacting aliens, he's actively doing so.
While UFOs have been sighted by civilians for decades, their existence was brushed off as nothing more than a conspiracy theory.
But public opinion has shifted in recent years, especially after video footage and pictures taken by U.S. Navy pilots between mid-2014 and March 2015, was leaked to the New York Times, three years ago.
The images showed a 30 to 40ft object, shaped like a Tic Tac, with no wings or rotors, yet able to hover, turn and accelerate through the sky at hypersonic speeds. The flabbergasted Navy pilots can be heard exclaiming in awe: ‘Oh dude!’
A New York Times also reported on a shadowy organization based at the Pentagon dedicated to reports of UFO sightings, the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program — AATIP.
In April 2020 the Defense Department released several videos, one of which shows a US Navy aircraft encountering 'unidentified aerial phenomena,' including objects flying and moving at speeds and directions that are impossible for human-made flight.
Just a year prior, leaked Pentagon footage showed an unidentified flying object hovering over San Diego, suggesting that maybe a 'close encounter of the third kind' isn't so far off from happening.
With a June 25 deadline, the Pentagon has just one more week to release its report on unidentified aerial phenomena, but the U.S. House Intelligence Committee received a detailed briefing on June 16 by Navy and FBI Personnel, and many of the members expressed concern – not only that it doesn’t reveal enough but also but that there is a real unease about things that can’t be explained. Rep. Tim Burchett of Tennessee told a TMZ reporter before the briefing that “Clearly, something’s going on that we can’t handle.” Specifically:
“It has to be something that is out of our galaxy, it just has to be if it in fact is real.
“I think Roswell was covered up.”
Burchett also referenced what he said (and many agree with) were UFO references in the bible, particularly in the book of Ezekiel. Rep. Adam Schiff of California, the committee chairman, said in The New York Post that the briefing was “interesting” and he “did learn things that were certainly new to me,” but wouldn’t give any details. Rep. Mike Quigley of Illinois said was glad the “stigma is gone” from UFO discussions and “the fact that they are taking this sort of thing seriously for the first time, I think, is important.” If one needs more proof this briefing was considered important, look no further than the fact it was held inside a SCIF, or “sensitive compartmented information facility.”
“Everyone who’s paid enough attention to it understands they need to take it seriously. But once you go beyond that circle, you get people who are understandably resistant because of the tinfoil hat stigma. If [these objects] had the flag of Russia on the side, we wouldn’t be having this conversation. Every one of these would be reported; everyone would be on top of it.”
Burchett said there was no way the UAPs seen by Navy personnel were Russian, as did former deputy defense secretary David Norquist, who set up a task force in 2020 to investigate UAPs but was not part of the briefing. He told CNN the “tinfoil hat” skeptics may have prevented more from being revealed. Which side is President Biden on? Burchett told TMZ he didn’t think Biden brought it up with Vladimir Putin in their summit in Geneva – which coincidentally occurred at about the same time as the briefing.
Don’t drag me into this!
“If the Russians had UFO technology, I mean, they would own us right now, they used to say that they’ve heard people talk about how the Nazis had it in the second world war that they did, they would have won. That is ridiculous.”
A discussion of who owns UFOs between two world leaders is “ridiculous”? No wonder Burchett thinks they’re from “out of our galaxy.”
If there’s one positive takeaway from the briefing, it’s that there really is a Pentagon report on UAPs and all signs indicate it wall be released soon. Congress members are concerned. The suspense is becoming unbearable. Let’s hope these are signs it will be worth the wait.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.