Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
07-08-2021
THE MYSTERY OF THE BRIDGEWATER TRIANGLE
THE MYSTERY OF THE BRIDGEWATER TRIANGLE
BY JENNIFER DEUTSCHMANN
The Bridgewater Triangle, which is a 200-square-mile section of land in Eastern Massachusetts, is a reported hotbed of paranormal activity and unexplained occurrences. According to legend, the area, which is between Abington, Freetown, and Seekonk, attracts ghosts, UFOs, mythological creatures, and other unusual and unexplainable activities.
As reported by Boston.com, the epicenter of the Bridgewater Triangle is the Hockomock Swamp. In addition to being New England's largest swamp, Hockomock is known for its biological and geological diversity. The swamp is one of Massachusetts' most stunning landmarks. And, according to legend, it is also one of the most haunted.
The name Hockomock, which means "place where spirits dwell," was given to the swamp by the Wampanoag tribe. In later years, Colonial settlers referred to it as the "Devil's Swamp."
Roadtrippers reports the dense swampland is difficult to navigate, and it is easy to get lost in the nearly impenetrable brush. However, local folklore suggests the swamp is specifically dangerous because it is home to a creature called the "Thunderbird." According to legend, the Thunderbird is a massive prehistoric-like bird, which has a wingspan up to 12 feet.
Boston.com reports the swamp has also been a hotbed for Bigfoot sightings. According to local folklore, the creatures have been responsible for attacks on livestock, including pigs and sheep. After receiving a number of similar reports, authorities searched the Hockomock Swamp with the assistance of K-9 units. However, they did not find anything to suggest the swamp was inhabited by anything unusual.
REPORTEDLY HAUNTED SITES WITHIN THE BRIDGEWATER TRIANGLE
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Another supposedly haunted site within the Bridgewater Triangle is the abandoned Taunton State Hospital. As reported by Boston.com, the hospital has been closed for decades. However, people who have explored the deserted buildings reported "having their shoulders and legs touched and pulled" by unseen entities. According to local legend, the property was popular with satanic cults in the 1960s and 1970s, and the entities they disturbed are still present.
The Fall River-Freetown State Forest, which is also inside the Bridgewater Triangle, is another rumored site of satanic cult activity. However, unlike most of the other Bridgewater Triangle sites, a number of confirmed crimes have taken place in and around the forest. Boston.com reports the park is secluded but easily accessible. Therefore, it became a popular site for committing violent crime and even dumping bodies.
Although the location of The Fall River-Freetown State Forest likely contributed to the number of crimes committed there, paranormal investigators believe something far more sinister is to blame. According to legend, the site has an unusually strong negative energy, which draws people to the location and encourages them to commit violent crimes.
Other reportedly haunted sites within the Bridgewater Triangle include the Assonet Ledge, where people have reported seeing ghosts leaping from the cliffs, Copicut Road and Route 44, which reportedly have ghastly hitchhikers, and the Horbine School, where people have reported hearing unexplained voices.
People have also reported seeing UFOs and unexplained lights throughout the region.
THE BIZARRE TRUE STORY OF BIGFOOT, AMERICA'S MISSING APE
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BY NICHOLAS CONLEY
Every part of the world has its legends, whether they're elves, djinns, or green-suited little bearded men perched at the end of rainbows. In the United States and Canada, our local mythological figure is a bipedal, hairy primate that goes by the strange name "Bigfoot." When the big ol' ape isn't tromping around the woods with his size 30-something feet, he's getting his picture snapped by photographers, having his language secretly recorded, or starring in beef jerky commercials.
For as long as human beings have looked into the forest's shadows, they've speculated about whether Bigfoot is out there. Whether these creatures are real or not, people have been telling stories about Bigfoot encounters for centuries, across many cultures and regions, to the point where even the most fervent disbeliever has to at least raise an eyebrow. Either way, Bigfoot is one of North America's greatest icons. Here's the true story about how this big-soled gorilla-man became a big deal.
SASQ'ETS WAS AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN NATIVE AMERICAN BELIEFS
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If Bigfoot is real, he didn't just traipse into the country sometime after the U.S. constitution was signed. One of the most fascinating parts of Bigfoot mythology is the fact that a tall, hairy, man-like figure plays a key role in the mythologies of numerous North American indigenous peoples, according to Native Languages. For example, the Sioux believed in a powerful, burly figure they called Chiye-Tanka, or "Big Elder Brother." The Cheynne tribe told tales of an aloof "Hairy Man" named "Maxemista," who may have played a key role in their creation story. Even the now-familiar term "sasquatch" is merely an Anglicization of the more Halkomelem name, "Sasq'ets."
Different tribes each had their own take on the Bigfoot figure, but for the most part, very few saw the creature as being monstrous, aggressive, or evil. Rather, as described by Indian Country Today, Bigfoot's place in many tribal mythologies was that of a gentle guardian, a protector, a "Keeper of the Earth." Over the centuries, as the Bigfoot legend has grown, the Oregon Historical Society states that Native Americans in Oregon have increasingly come to see Bigfoot as an important piece of their culture with great significance to their history.
BIGFOOT MEETS THE INVADERS
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As we know today, North America was fated to become the landing dock of countless European settlers. From the 1600s onward, these Europeans experienced their own alleged Bigfoot encounters, though the colonizers found the creatures a lot scarier than the native peoples usually did. One of the more popular historical writings among cryptozoology aficionados is a 1604 passage from French navigator Samuel de Champlain, who ominously described a "frightful monster, which the savages call Gougou." Though Champlain said Gougou was an enormous, feminine beast that devoured human beings and made horrible noises, his description was vague enough that, reading it today, Gougou could've been anything from Bigfoot to a swamp monster. Champlain decided that Gougou was an unholy devil of some sort, because ... well, that's what Europeans said about every weird phenomenon back then.
As the New World was increasingly colonized, reports of encounters with more distinctly Bigfoot-like creatures continued trickling in. In 1811, according to Rolling Stone, explorer David Thompson was hiking through the Rockies when he stumbled upon some seriously massive footprints, which he followed for nearly 100 yards before the trail went cold. One of the biggest stories appeared in the July 1884 edition of a British Columbia newspaper called the Daily Colonist, now archived online. The paper reported the capture of a young, gorilla-like primate called "Jacko." Was Jacko a young Bigfoot, a hoax, a stunt? You decide. Regardless, little Jacko was never reported on again.
THE 1924 BIGFOOT ATTACK IN APE CANYON
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According to Slate, it was a warm summer night in July 1924, and a group of five miners decided to call it a night in their little homemade cabin, perched up in what is now called "Ape Canyon," a narrow gorge found in the hike up Mount St. Helens in Washington. Allegedly, as the miners tried to get some sleep, a group of crazed, hairy "apemen" came screaming out of the hills and started launching heavy stones at their cabin. The creatures continued railing on the cabin all night, at one point even reaching inside through a gaping hole in the wall and attempting to steal an ax. The whole thing sounds like a real-life Evil Dead, but with Bigfoot instead of deadites.
Finally, the assault died down at daybreak, and the miners reemerged from the cabin. One miner, Fred Beck, reported that he saw an apeman standing in the distance, so he shot the creature, sending it tumbling down into the rocks. Years later, Beck went on to propose that the hostile animals he encountered were actually ghostly beings from another reality. On the other hand, many people have speculated that the "apemen" were just a gang of rowdy teenagers. Either way, it sounds like a scary night. As you've probably guessed, this incident is why this particular mountain gorge is now referred to as Ape Canyon.
THE FOOTPRINTS ARE FOUND, AND THE NAME "BIGFOOT" IS BORN
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According to Rolling Stone, American ape sightings continued coming in throughout the next few decades. In 1940, a Canadian family reported an 8-foot apeman had come out of the woods and broken into their shed, leaving 16-inch footprints in its wake. Then, on one October morning in Northern California in 1958, workers for the Granite Logging Company found a series of giant footprints — once again, 16 inches long — submerged in the damp bed of one of their newly built roads. Less than a week later, the workers spotted a creature in the woods that "ran upright like a man, swinging long hairy arms ... it looked ten feet tall." They found more footprints the next day. The local Humboldt Times picked up the story, publishing a photo of the megalithic footprint's cast, with journalist Andrew Genzoli lending the unknown creature a name that would soon become legendary: "Bigfoot."
The hubbub didn't stop there. At the construction site, footprints kept appearing. Equipment was flipped over. Workers reported feeling like something in the woods was watching them, and the paranoia grew so intense that 15 men quit. When Ray Wallace, a partner in the firm, was accused of perpetrating a hoax, he angrily retorted, "Who knows anyone foolish enough to ruin their own business?"
Anyhow, "Bigfoot" became big news. More tracks were discovered up in Washington, and spotting Bigfoot became a tradition as American as apple pie.
BUT HEY, WAIT, WERE THOSE BIG FEET A BIG HOAX?
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Ray Wallace made a good argument for why the footprints weren't a hoax (caused by him), but here's the thing. As any good prankster knows, if you get caught, you're left with two options: Give up or double down. Guess what Wallace chose?
In 2002, according to the New York Times, Wallace died at age 84. Once Wallace's children finished laying their father to rest, they finally came clean with the greatest joke that their "prank-loving pop" ever pulled on the world. Evidently, the famous "feet" were wood carvings, and Ray had slowly rolled along in a truck to create the massive gait between the tracks. Ray's son Michael told the Times, "It's weird because it was just a joke, and then it took on such a life of its own that even now, we can't stop it." You know, Ray would've pulled it off, too, if it wasn't for his meddling kids. Of course, he did pull it off for over half a century. Vote Ray Wallace for prankster king.
You'd think this postmortem revelation would've hit the sasquatch community like a baseball bat, but for the most part, believers were unfazed. That's because even though the Wallace tracks did launch a lot of the Bigfoot hubbub, major Bigfoot researchers had long suspected that the 1958 incident was a hoax. Besides, by 1967, those tracks were overshadowed by a far more dramatic piece of evidence...
THE BIGFOOT VIDEO YOU KNOW BY HEART
Maybe someday, a close-up Bigfoot selfie will be posted on Instagram. Until then, the Patterson-Gimlin footage remains the holy grail of Bigfoot evidence. Back in 1967, according to Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Roger Patterson approached his old rodeo buddy Bob Gimlin for the explicit purpose of finding Bigfoot after more giant tracks were found in Northern California. Patterson and Gimlin set out on horseback. Unlike almost every other Bigfoot expedition in history, the pair allegedly stumbled onto the legendary creature walking around the creek, just 30 meters away. Patterson, wielding the camera, jumped off his horse in an effort to get closer, accounting for the infamous shaky-cam effect.
So, was this Bigfoot, dubbed "Patty," the real deal? Over five decades later, Patterson's footage has become one of the most studied video clips in history, and it's never been summarily debunked. According to Oregon Public Broadcasting, anatomy professor Jeffery Meldrum strongly believes in the footage, theorizing that when compared to other primate special effects of the time — namely, Planet of the Apes — Patty's anatomical features are much too advanced to be a phony costume. Not everyone is convinced. In 2004, the Charlotte Observer reported that costume designer Philip Morris, then deceased, claimed to have sold a gorilla suit to Roger Patterson.
As for the men behind the video, Patterson died of cancer in 1972. Bob Gimlin maintains that the Bigfoot encounter truly happened, and says the decades of interrogation he received because of it "ruined his life."
BIGFOOT BECOMES A POP CULTURE CELEBRITY
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Was the Patterson-Gimlin footage real or fake? We don't know, but either way, it set the stage for Bigfoot mania. Since then, enthusiasm for the hairy one has never really died down. Through the 1970s, after the Patterson-Gimlin footage went '70s viral, the public was bombed with Bigfoot TV specials, magazine articles, tourist traps, and more. Speculation over the creature's possible existence went rampant, a phenomenon that journalist Michael McLeod describes as "the first widely popularized example of pseudoscience in American culture." Bigfoot mania brought about plenty of other Bigfoot sightings, photos, and footprints. Who doesn't have at least one family member or friend who claims to have spotted Bigfoot in the woods?
In the latter half of the 20th century, Bigfoot grew into one of North America's most potent cultural icons. The wild apeman starred alongside John Lithgow in the 1987 film Harry and the Hendersons, is the focus of the Animal Planet series Finding Bigfoot, has a publishing company named after it, and became the mascot of Jack Link's beef jerky. Quickly being co-opted into pop culture and marketing? Now that's American.
WHAT BIGFOOT LANGUAGE SOUNDS LIKE: THE SIERRA SOUNDS
Despite the work of such organizations such as North America Bigfoot Search (NABS) and the Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization (BFRO), definitive proof of Bigfoot hasn't yet manifested. All the hair samples have ended up being bears, the bodies aren't real, Bigfoot feces never turns up in Old Man Jenkins' cow pasture — none of that. If sasquatches are real, the creatures cover their tracks really, really well. However, if Ron Morehead and Al Berry are to believed, we might have an idea of what Bigfoot sounds like. According to Scientific American, Morehead and Berry say they captured the so-called "Sierra Sounds" by dangling a microphone over a tree in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Though the "language" in the recordings is interesting and is broadcast in many Bigfoot TV specials, such human-sounding noises could also be a relatively easy hoax, so the Bigfoot community isn't exactly united in the call of the Bigfoot.
On the other hand, what if Bigfoot speaks without ever moving its mouth? There are some who believe Bigfoot possesses telepathic powers, but we won't delve into that. It's probably better to prove these creatures exist in the first place before we get all X-Men about it.
WHOA, THERE'S A BIGFOOT IN MY FREEZER!
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In 2008, according to CNN, two hikers named Rick Dyer and Matthew Whitton announced that they'd found the dead body of a nearly 8-foot "half-ape, half-human" in the Georgia wilderness. They brought the "carcass" home, stuffed it in a freezer, and shared photos online, hoping to make money from the marketing and promotion rights. The deception was short-lived. Testing soon proved that the "carcass" was just a rubber costume, and the duo publicly apologized.
However, Rick Dyer's Bigfoot fakery days were far from over. According to the Huffington Post, the Georgian man hit Bigfoot headlines again in 2012 when he claimed to have killed a Bigfoot in Texas, whom he then named "Hank." Dyer also claimed that tests run by a "university" (cough, cough) had proven that the corpse belonged to a previously unknown species. Dyer wanted to take the dead Bigfoot on a national tour and charge admission for anyone who wanted to see Hank. C'mon, what is this, the 1800s?
Not surprisingly, Dyer's efforts flopped again. In 2014, Dyer's second phony Bigfoot was outed to the public, and he re-apologized. Only time will tell if Dyer attempts the same stunt again in a few years.
THE DNA 'PROOF' AND THE CALL FOR TRIBAL RECOGNITION
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As the years go on, Bigfoot evidence gets weirder and weirder. In 2012, a veterinarian named Melba S. Ketchum brought Bigfoot back into the headlines, according to Live Science. Ketchum, citing prior experience in genetics research, claimed that after analyzing 100 DNA samples, she had uncovered genetic proof that sasquatch was real. Not only that, but Ketchum also determined that the cryptid's humanoid features were because an earlier species of primate had mated with Homo sapiens about 15,000 years ago, resulting in the Bigfoot we (sort of) know today. Ketchum argued fiercely on behalf of her work, even asking the U.S. government to recognize Bigfoot as "an indigenous people and immediately protect their human and constitutional rights," against potential hunters.
But then, the Houston Chronicle's Eric Berger took a closer look and found some holes. In addition to discovering Ketchum had self-published her work rather than sending it to a reputable scientific journal, Berger also had Ketchum's evidence tested by a distinguished geneticist in Texas, who wasn't impressed with the results. Berger admitted to feeling let down about the whole thing, saying, "I'm honestly really disappointed. A world with Bigfoot would be a little softer. A little more fun. But in my world science is the arbiter of reality." Nonetheless, Dr. Ketchum's efforts on the "Sasquatch Genome Project" continue to this day, and she still posts updates on Facebook.
BIGFOOT ISN'T THE ONLY APEMAN MYTH IN THE WORLD ... BUT MAYBE IT'S BECAUSE OF US?
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Legends of wild apemen are prevalent in cultures all over the globe, whether it's North America's Bigfoot, the Yeti that prowls the Himalayas, or Australia's Yowie. What is it that makes these half-man, half-apes so popular? Writing for The Atlantic, Edward Simon ponders if, perhaps, the widespread obsession with Bigfoot is due to a human fascination with the wilderness from which we came. A creature that is so similar to human beings, yet still so wild and free, piques our imagination — and makes us wonder, deep inside, if we're really so evolved from our prehistoric ancestors. Perhaps Bigfoot hearkens back to the ancient concept of an uncorrupted man — call him Adam, call him sasquatch, call him whatever — whose soul has not been torn asunder by the sins of humankind.
Of course, the truth might be simpler: A world with Bigfoot is way more exciting than a world where Bigfoot doesn't exist. Famous chimpanzee researcher Jane Goodall once made the surprising confession to NPR that she believed in Bigfoot, but said, "Well, I'm a romantic, so I always wanted that." In this one line, Goodall captures the central truth of why, when it comes to Bigfoot, hope springs eternal. So for now, maybe we should just enjoy the myth, keep our eyes on the woods, and have fun telling stories to each other.
WHEN THE FBI TAKES YOUR BIGFOOT SAMPLE AND NEVER RETURNS IT
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If you read that a federal intelligence agency had investigated some Bigfoot shenanigans, you would probably assume you were reading the synopsis for a new Men in Black movie. But no, this happened in real life.
The Washington Post reports that back in the cryptozoology-crazed days of the '70s, a Bigfoot researcher named Peter Byrne sent a small hair sample ("about 15 hairs attached to a tiny piece of skin") to the FBI, writing that he had been unable to identify what creature they belonged to. The FBI did, surprisingly enough, agree to test the samples ... but then ghosted Byrne. What a bummer, right? (And not suspicious at all.) While you might imagine that the hairs were passed around the office as a joke, in reality, the agency actually took Byrne's request quite seriously. In 2019, a Freedom of Information Act request made the FBI's Bigfoot homework go public, and the documentation revealed that the FBI's tests — unfortunately for Byrne, who by this point was 93 years old — proved the furry stuff had belonged to a regular ol' deer rather than a North American ape-man. Poor guy. Nothing like bad news that gets delivered 40 years late, eh?
The Real UFOs: These Are the Secret Planes the U.S. Air Forces Tests in Area 51
The Real UFOs: These Are the Secret Planes the U.S. Air Forces Tests in Area 51
The Air Force test facility at Groom Lake, Nevada—better known as Area 51—has harbored a wide variety of experimental aircraft the Pentagon would rather keep away from the prying eyes of the public.
Here's What You Need To Remember: Area 51 might also be an attractive place to host new hypersonic glide vehicles, which the Pentagon is currently pouring a ton of research money into. Hypersonic weapons would combine the extreme speed of ballistic missiles with the flatter, harder-to-detect trajectory of a cruise-missile style weapon.
While fanciful stories of alien spaceships continue to captivate the public, as recent internet memes attest, there’s little doubt that Groom Lake’s actual activities are of considerable interest—sufficiently so that in April 2019 Russia even dispatched one of its treaty-authorized Tu-154M Open Skies surveillance planes to spy on the base.
The facility has considerably expanded from the small, remote landing field adjacent to a salt flat first used to test the Lockheed U-2 spy plane in 1955. Now it lies within a twenty-three by twenty-five-mile perimeter of restricted airspace located within the larger 4,500-square mile Nevada Training and Test Range. Other nearby bases include Nellis Air Force Base and Tonopah Test Range—the latter which also has hosted numerous “black project” programs.
While a companion piece looks at Area 51’s original role in developing the CIA’s U-2 and A-12 spy planes, here we’ll look at the “black projects” known to have been flown there in the 1970s, to those speculated to be there in the present day.
While the F-117 has been officially retired from the Air Force service, photos and video footage reveal that at least one or two of the venerable stealth jets continue to fly over Area 51 as of 2019—possibly used to test sensors and air-to-air tactics against stealth aircraft.
Soviet Warbirds
Air Force and Navy pilots suffered unexpected difficulties in the early years of the air war over Vietnam when confronted by agile Soviet-built MiG-17 and MiG-21 jets.
Conveniently, Israel acquired a MiG-21 from a defecting Iraqi pilot in 1966. Then in 1968, two Syrian MiG-17F pilots got lost and mistakenly landed in Israel. All three jets were shipped over to Groom Lake, where Air Force pilots extensively tested the planes in a series of head-to-head dogfights with a wide variety of U.S. jets. They came to an uncomfortable conclusion: they were evenly matched in a head-to-head fight even with more sophisticated F-4 Phantom jets, and the better-trained pilot was likely to win—a conclusion which led to the formation of the Navy’s Top Gun program.
Evaluations continued in the 1970s under a special unit of “Red Hats” known as the 6513th Test Squadron, who received their own section of the base aptly nicknamed “Red Square” which accumulated a growing collection of Soviet warbirds.
However in 1984, General Richard Bond, a fifty-four-year-old decorated combat pilot and retiring head of the Air Force systems command, decided to take a MiG-23BN “Flogger” swing-wing fighter out for a spin without thoroughly familiarizing himself with the infamously temperamental aircraft. While racing at twice the speed of sound, he lost control of the MiG as its afterburners became stuck in the active position and was killed attempting to eject—in fact, he was the second U.S. Air Force pilot to die piloting a MiG-23 in two years.
While the 6513th was long ago inactivated, photos and footage of MiG-29s and Su-27s flying over Area 51 reveal that Red Hats continue to test the limits of Russian engineering to this day. After an Air Force test pilot died in a crash in 2017, Aviation Week’s Guy Norris reported he had been flying a foreign-built airplane.
Missing In Action: the Mythical ‘Aurora’ Spyplane
During the 1990s, several respected aviation writers wrote of their conviction that the Air Force had sequestered in Groom Lake a top-secret Blackbird successor dubbed the “Aurora” that could attain hypersonic speeds, i.e. exceeding five times the speed of sound. Supposedly, the triangle-shaped Aurora was powered by either a scramjet or a “pumpkin seed” shock-wave pulse engine which used the flat airframe to “squeeze” the aircraft forward.
However, no concrete evidence ever emerged to confirm such a plane’s existence, nor the exotic propulsion systems it would have required. Thus, the veracity of the admittedly cool legend seems dubious in hindsight.
Boeing Bird-of-Prey
No, not the Klingon starships from Star Trek—but a prototype stealth jet that vaguely resembled one with its upward-swept wings. Like its science-fiction counterpart, the Boeing Bird-of-Prey may also have possessed an active camouflage “cloaking device” designed to minimize its shadow and blend it visual signature with the surrounding sky—a technology first deployed on ships and aircraft during World War II.
The jet, fashioned out of a single piece of composite material, also tested radar-stealth features such as shielded engine intakes and a tailless fuselage which remarkably did not require a fly-by-wire system to remain aerodynamically stable.
The demonstrator made thirty-nine test flights between 1996-1999 before being unveiled to the public in 2002, and is now on display at the U.S. Air Force Museum in Dayton, Ohio.
Lockheed P175 Polecat Stealth Drone
The “Polecat” was a 4.5-ton flying wing high-altitude stealth drone made of two hundred composite parts glued together. Resembling a miniature B-2 stealth bomber with wings 27 meters wide, the P175 was conceived of as a high-altitude surveillance and attack platform with a thousand-pound payload. The stealth UAV began testing in 2006, but that December a failure in its remote-control system reportedly caused it to self-destruct by crashing into the ground.
The Northrop-Grumman RQ-180? The Lockheed SR-72?
Area 51’s perimeter remains heavily guarded by security sensors and camouflaged civilian security contractors with guns. Gray, unmarked 737 airliners and Blackhawk helicopters can be observed delivering cargoes to the airfield.
However, it’s possible to examine satellite images and snap photos of the base from twenty-six miles away on Tikaboo Peak. These reveal that in 2017, a huge new hangar was sighted in Area 51 measuring 200 by 250 feet in size—slightly more square footage than a football field—which surely houses something of interest.
Some interpreted this spate of activity in 2017 as being related to the development of the B-21 stealth bomber, a successor to the B-2 Spirit, which it also very much resembles. Officially, however, the Air Force has announced that B-21s will be tested at Tinkers AFB in Oklahoma and Edwards AFB in California.
The smart money may instead be that hangar harbors advanced stealth drones.
One likely-seeming candidate is the Northrop-Grumman RQ-180, which according to a 2013 report inAviation Week, is a very large long-range and long-endurance drone with a powerful ground-scanning Active Electronically Scanned Array radar. The project had reportedly entered low-rate production, and was likely funded by a $2 billion allotment of black project money.
Though the RQ-180’s specs may resemble those of the RQ-4 Global Hawk, an airliner-sized drone envisioned as a modern successor to the U-2, the RQ-180 is also a stealth platform that can penetrate hostile airspace and possibly could be employed on attack missions. Furthermore, it reportedly exhibits broadband stealth, unlike most stealth fighters which tend to become visible to less-precise low-bandwidth radars.
The Pentagon unusually responded to the article by confirming the RQ-180’s existence—and has had no more to say about it since then.
A long-range penetrating stealth drone could have significant strategic applications as a “silver bullet” to monitor and possibly even attack nuclear assets during crisis, which may explain the secrecy surrounding the RQ-180.
Area 51 might also be an attractive place to host new hypersonic glide vehicles, which the Pentagon is currently pouring a ton of research money into. Hypersonic weapons would combine the extreme speed of ballistic missiles with the flatter, harder-to-detect trajectory of a cruise-missile style weapon.
Indeed, Lockheed-Martin has publicly hinted that it may or may not have developed an experimental hypersonic unmanned aircraft nicknamed the SR-72 (a clear nod to the SR-71 spy plane) intended for both surveillance and bombing roles. If such a demonstrator exists, Groom Lake would seem like a logical place to secret it.
Sébastien Roblin holds a master’s degree in conflict resolution from Georgetown University and served as a university instructor for the Peace Corps in China. He has also worked in education, editing, and refugee resettlement in France and the United States. He currently writes on security and military history for War Is Boring.
This piece first appeared in 2019 and is being reprinted due to reader interest.
Image: Reuters.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
An image of an area called Telegonus Mensa on Jupiter's moon Io, taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft on Oct. 16, 2001, reveals a huge cigar-shaped object that stands out in the surrounding landscape.
Aside from the possibility that the object could be an ordinary rock formation, it resembles a huge tower or obelisk.
Next to the huge obelisk, it looks like artificial structures have been built. Could it be that Jupiter's Moon LO was once inhabited by an intelligent race?
“I saw an alien get on the space shuttle,” says retired astronaut
“I saw an alien get on the space shuttle,” says retired astronaut
Astronaut Clark C. McClelland was fired from NASA, filed and sentenced with loss of all social privileges and pension for speaking openly about aliens and broadcasting censored videos of the missions in which he participated.
McClelland, a former astronaut and former member of the MUFON commission (in charge of collecting information about UFOs), revealed that he and NASA know that aliens exist and that during a space mission from their ship they were able to see a smart disk.
He told ‘The Canadian’ secret details of an astonishing incident that occurred during NASAA’s STS-80 mission aboard the shuttle Columbia.
What happened was confirmed by Dr. Franklin Story Musgrave (crew member of the STS-80 mission).
Then they saw that a disk-shaped object much larger than the shuttle suddenly appeared, while they were about 190 miles up (about 306 kilometers).
Musgrave admitted that he saw the object, but could not identify what it is. Unlike other objects he saw, this one seemed to come from “nowhere, it was very impressive,” he said.
Upon returning to Earth, Musgrave was questioned about the encounter and the scientist reviewed a video recording of the encounter between the Columbia and the UFO as they flew over Denver, Colorado.
He indicated that the object appeared to be controlled by an intelligence changing its flight vector. Most disconcerting was that it seemed to follow Columbia and its crew through space.
After the mission, the scientist became convinced not only of the existence of aliens, but that they are here. The astronaut decided to go on a personal discovery mission.
At a lecture on astronomy, Musgrave, at the end of his presentation, displayed images on a big screen, showing an artistic rendering of the evil gray aliens, and shook his audience by saying, “These guys are real, I guarantee it!” .
This testimony adds to another serious revelation made by retired United States military who ask the government not to continue hiding the truth and narrated how aliens interfered with nuclear bases.
Other members of NASA who have testified about aliens are Gordon Cooper , Donald Slayton, Gene Cernan, Frank Borman, Neil Armstrong, and Scott Carpenter, who insist that UFOs are real and that intelligent extraterrestrial beings exist.
Voyager’s views of Jupiter’s colorful cloud tops reminded many people of an impressionist painter’s canvas. Fine details in and around the Great Red Spot changed significantly in the four months between the Voyager 1 flyby and Voyager 2 (pictured).
NASA/JPL
Until the mid-1990s, when planets were at last being discovered orbiting distant stars, Jupiter was the largest world known. Eleven times Earth’s diameter and 318 times our planet’s mass, Jupiter possesses more than twice the combined matter of all the other planets, moons, asteroids, and comets in the solar system. Made mostly of hydrogen (89.8 percent by volume) and helium (10.2 percent), Jupiter is essentially a bottomless atmosphere that, beneath the clouds, transitions into an exotic fluid. Its largest moons, so big they rival Mercury in size, appear to hold substantial amounts of liquid water and beckon scientists as potential abodes for life beyond Earth.
For centuries, humanity could view this giant world only through ground-based telescopes. But in 1973 and 1974, respectively, the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft raced past the planet, providing the first close-up images of its stormy atmosphere, probing its internal structure, and charting its intense radiation belts and magnetic field. The Pioneer probes blazed a trail for further exploration of the outer solar system. Even as scientists reveled in the data the probes returned, NASA already was working on a far more ambitious encore.
The huge, umbrella-shaped plume of the volcano Pele rises some 185 miles (300km) above Io’s surface. Ejecta from the massive eruption covers an area the size of Alaska.
NASA/JPL/USGS
The mission, originally called Mariner Jupiter-Saturn 1977, received a name change before launch to the one we know today: Voyager, the longest-running space mission in history. The twin Voyagers carried better cameras, more advanced instruments, and more computing power than the Pioneers. Both spacecraft launched in 1977 and are still returning data as they cruise away from our planetary system and journey into the unending night of interstellar space. Voyagers 1 and 2 are now so far away that their radio signals take more than 15 hours to reach us. The more distant probe, Voyager 1, has passed beyond the heliopause, a boundary separating the interstellar environment from charged particles and magnetic fields flowing from the Sun, known as the solar wind. Voyager 2 is cruising through the heliosheath, a zone where pressure from interstellar gas begins slowing the solar wind.
“It’s been a remarkable journey,” says Voyager project scientist Ed Stone at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. “We keep discovering things nobody knew we were going to discover.” He says both spacecraft may be able to return measurements from a single science instrument until 2030 if their power sources — called radioisotope thermoelectric generators — hold out as expected.
Encounter with Jove
On January 6, 1979, Voyager 1 was 36 million miles (58 million kilometers) from Jupiter and two months from its closest approach. Views of the planet’s cloudy, banded disk already exceeded the best images from Earth. Among other assignments, the probe began accumulating a time-lapse movie by taking images every 10 hours, one for each Jupiter rotation.
By early February, the resolution and image quality were comparable to the best pictures returned by the Pioneers. From that point on, Jupiter would be seen as never before.
When viewed from Earth through a small telescope, the planet’s atmosphere shows alternating bright white zones and darker brown belts. These are the visible manifestations of east-west jet streams that alternate direction from the equator to the poles and carry oval-shaped weather systems of all sizes.
Voyager 1 captured this view of Jupiter on January 9, 1979. Even though the spacecraft was 34 million miles (54 million km) away, its camera captured details impossible to see from Earth.
NASA/JPL
The Voyager imaging team tracked a pair of similarly sized brown ovals, watching them merge, tumble, and eject a dark streamer. Atmospheric models had not predicted such strange behavior. Eddies, waves, and turbulent clouds churned everywhere. At a February 28 press briefing, imaging team leader Bradford Smith described his team as “happily bewildered” by what they were seeing. “Jupiter is far more complex in its atmospheric motions than we had ever imagined,” he said.
The planet’s largest feature, a vast southern storm called the Great Red Spot, had been observed continuously from Earth for 150 years. But now, for the first time, scientists could study its rotation and watch it interact with neighboring features. Large enough to hold a pair of Earth-sized planets, the Great Red Spot rolls between two jet streams and completes a rotation in about six days. It spins counterclockwise, the opposite direction as hurricanes in Earth’s Southern Hemisphere, classifying it as a high-pressure system. Its cloud tops extend nearly 5 miles (8km) above neighboring layers. Although winds whip around its periphery at 425 mph (680 km/h), the interior is calm. Its size and position vary slightly, and long-term ground-based monitoring shows that the longest-lived storm known to science is shrinking steadily.
Amy Simon at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, leads a team studying Jupiter with the Hubble Space Telescope. The observations show the storm’s long axis is half what was reported in the 1880s and about 30 percent smaller than during the Voyager flybys. And since 2014, the Great Red Spot has turned an unusually intense shade of orange.
Io (in front of the Great Red Spot) and Europa appear against Jupiter’s cloud tops in this Voyager 1 image from February 13, 1979. Io’s odd coloration already stands out from a distance of 12 million miles (20 million km).
NASA/JPL
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena have conducted laboratory experiments that suggest the storm’s color, which has ranged from pale orange to brick red, is a result of reddish coloring agents produced when ultraviolet (UV) sunlight breaks down ammonia and acetylene, gases common in Jupiter’s upper atmosphere. The high clouds within the Great Red Spot and similar storms receive more solar UV, and the storms’ rotation helps retain colored particles that result in stronger shades. Scientists suspect these changes in color and size are related to storm strength, but they remain poorly understood.
In 1998, two of three 60-year-old white oval storms in a cloud band south of the Great Red Spot merged, and in early 2000, the third oval joined them. The resulting weather system, named Oval BA, is about half the size of the Great Red Spot and persists today. In August 2005, amateur astronomers noticed it was acquiring a reddish color. The hue gradually deepened; by 2006, the storm was nicknamed “the Little Red Spot” and “Red Spot Jr.”
Yet despite the Voyager probes and later missions, vital questions about Jupiter’s atmosphere remain. Why are the jet streams and large storms stable for so long? What’s the energy source for the jets? And do the winds continue into the planet’s interior?
Diving into Jupiter
The top of Jupiter’s atmosphere consists of haze layers formed by complex hydrocarbons like ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. These chemicals assemble from the fragments of methane molecules broken apart by solar UV, a process similar to how smog forms in Earth’s atmosphere. About 25 miles (40km) deeper, the pressure approaches 60 percent of that at Earth’s surface (1 bar), but the temperature is only –193° F (–125° C). A deck of bright white clouds formed by ammonia ice crystals occupies this level.
The Voyagers revealed several brown ovals in Jupiter’s atmosphere. These appear to be openings in the high-level clouds that give a peek to darker regions below. Note the high white cloud protruding over this oval’s northern edge.
NASA/JPL
Plunge deeper, to twice Earth’s surface pressure, and the temperature rises to –76° F (–60° C). Here we encounter a tawny, yellow-orange cloud deck built from droplets or crystals of ammonium hydrosulfide. Usually we cannot see past these clouds, but spacecraft measurements and models indicate that the next cloud layer — at pressures of about 3 to 7 bars and temperatures from freezing to about 60° F (16° C) — contains water ice crystals at the colder levels and water droplets lower down, just like clouds on Earth. Any familiarity pretty much ends there, though.
Minute frequency changes in spacecraft radio signals allow scientists to map the structure of Jupiter’s gravitational field; this enables them to develop models of what lies beneath the clouds. Pressures and temperatures increase steadily, but the hydrogen atmosphere simply grows denser and hotter with depth until, hundreds of miles beneath the clouds, molecular hydrogen starts to resemble a hot liquid. At depths 10 times greater, only 20 percent of the way to Jupiter’s center, pressures approach a million bars, and temperatures soar to 10,000° F (5,700° C) — nearly as hot as the Sun’s surface. Here the interior transforms into a more exotic substance called liquid metallic hydrogen, an electrically conductive soup of protons and electrons that makes up most of Jupiter’s mass.
Some 28,000 miles (45,000km) farther down, about 80 percent of the way to the planet’s center, the composition may change to a mix of water, methane, and ammonia at enormous temperatures and pressures. Another 4,400 miles (7,000km) down, and we’re 10 percent from the center; the pressure rises to around 40 million bars and the temperature to some 40,000° F (22,000° C). At this point, Jupiter’s composition may gradually morph into a dense core, perhaps containing up to 20 Earth masses in a mix of rock and iron that may also include water, methane, and ammonia.
At these pressures, dense materials may become soluble in liquid hydrogen, some scientists suggest. This means Jupiter’s original core may have dissolved partially or completely away, its high-density materials dispersed throughout a larger portion of the planet. One of the main goals of NASA’s Juno mission, which has been orbiting the planet since July 2016, is to answer the many remaining questions about how the solar system’s largest world is put together. (See “Under the veil,” above.)
Magnetic tango
Like Earth, Jupiter generates a magnetic field, which at the cloud tops is about 15 times stronger than our planet’s. The field traps, stores, and controls the flow of charged particles inside it, forming a vast, comet-shaped bubble — called a magnetosphere — that shields the planet from direct exposure to the solar wind. Pressure from the solar wind pushes the Sun-facing side into a rounded bow shock that slows and deflects most of the incoming charged particles in much the same way that water flows around the bow of a moving ship. The opposite side tapers into an immense magnetotail whose farthest portions wave and flap like the tattered end of a windsock.
Sinuous rivers of lava flow down the flanks of Io’s volcano Ra Patera. The volcano’s vent measures about 19 miles (30km) across, while the lava flows extend up to 155 miles (250km) from there. The summit rises only about 0.6 mile (1km) above the surroundings.
NASA/JPL
Jupiter’s magnetosphere is the solar system’s largest planetary structure. “If you look up and identify Jupiter in the sky, its magnetosphere would be about the size of the Moon,” says Goddard’s John Connerney, deputy principal investigator for the Juno mission. Its bow shock typically lies about 40 Jupiter diameters sunward of the planet and its magnetotail stretches some 3,500 diameters behind it, nearly reaching Saturn’s orbit. We know this because as Voyager 2 approached Saturn in 1981, two years and 400 million miles (650 million km) after its Jupiter encounter, the spacecraft slipped in and out of Jupiter’s frayed magnetotail multiple times. (By comparison, Earth’s bow shock lies three to five Earth diameters toward the Sun, and its magnetotail may extend hundreds of diameters.)
Between February 28 and March 2, 1979, the magnetosphere seemed to be playing hard to get with the approaching Voyager 1. The solar wind was gusty, producing unusually strong and variable pressures that pushed the bow shock closer to the planet. When the wind eased, the bow shock re-expanded. Pioneers 10 and 11 made their crossings 50 diameters from Jupiter, but Voyager 1 crossed it five times, the last at scarcely half that range (28 diameters).
On March 5, the spacecraft made its closest approach, passing within 128,400 miles (206,700km) of Jupiter’s cloud tops, barely one-third the distance at which Voyager 2 would pass July 9. Scientists selected this path so they could measure a hypothesized electrical circuit connecting Jupiter and its moon Io, and it took Voyager 1 deep into the most hazardous radiation belts in the solar system. Based on measurements from the Pioneers, the Voyager design included shielding that hardened sensitive electronics to the bombardment of high-energy electrons, protons, and ions stored in Jupiter’s equivalent of Earth’s Van Allen Belts. But an unprotected human passenger riding aboard Voyager 1 during closest approach would have received a thousand times the lethal radiation dose.
Four new worlds
An extraordinary planet deserves extraordinary moons, and Jupiter’s four big satellites do not disappoint. Discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610, they are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto (in order of distance from the planet). Ganymede, the largest and most massive moon in the solar system, is slightly bigger than Mercury, while Callisto is nearly the planet’s diameter. Both Io and Europa are roughly the size of Earth’s Moon.
The moons’ complexity and individuality, which scientists hardly suspected despite centuries of telescopic observations, proved a major surprise of the Voyager missions. Reporting their results in the journal Science three months after the Voyager 1 encounter, the imaging team noted that the large moons do not closely resemble either the planets in the inner solar system or one another. “The sense of novelty,” they wrote, “would probably not have been greater had we explored a different solar system.”
“They’re quite distinct,” says Stone, “and I think the one thing we have learned is that nature is remarkably diverse, and you don’t see replicas. Each body seems to have its own life history written on the surface and in its interior.”
There had long been hints that the big moons might be doing something interesting. Galileo’s 17th-century plots showed that Europa and Io always meet up on the side of Jupiter exactly opposite from where Europa and Ganymede do. In the 7.15 days it takes Ganymede to go around Jupiter once, Europa orbits twice and Io four times. This 1:2:4 resonance forces the moons’ orbits to maintain a slight eccentricity, which in turn causes their bodies to flex slightly due to tides raised by Jupiter’s gravity. Just as repeatedly bending a paper clip warms up the metal, this forced flexing warms the interiors of Jupiter’s big moons.
Giant Ganymede — larger than Mercury — sports two different types of terrain. The dark material is oldest, while the lighter bands cut by grooves and ridges are significantly younger. A relatively recent impact threw out the bright material at bottom.
NASA/JPL
Stanton Peale at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and his colleagues first described the mechanism in a paper submitted to Science in January 1979. They presciently concluded: “Voyager images of Io may reveal evidence for a planetary structure and history dramatically different from any previously observed.” The paper was published March 2, three days before Voyager 1’s closest approach. By then, images of the weirdly colored moon, reminiscent of a cheese pizza, already were making headlines. Scientists had expected Io to resemble our Moon, but it lacked anything that looked like an impact crater and was coated with richly colored deposits that wouldn’t look out of place around active fumaroles on Earth.
On March 8, as Voyager 1 raced out of the Jupiter system, its camera captured a routine navigation image of a crescent Io as part of a program to refine knowledge of the spacecraft’s trajectory. The next day, JPL engineer Linda Morabito enhanced this image to locate background stars and uncovered another crescent shape on Io’s sunlit limb. It looked like the edge of another satellite peeking out from behind Io, but scientists determined that an unknown satellite so large would have been detectable from Earth. “No one understood what they were seeing, reinforcing the degree of difficulty associated with interpreting this image,” she later wrote.
The Voyagers revealed dark streaks crisscrossing the surface of Europa, the smallest of Jupiter’s Galilean moons. In some cases, the streaks stretch more than 1,000 miles (1,600km). Scientists later deduced that the streaks are cracks in the moon’s icy crust filled with material from its interior.
NASA/JPL/USGS
By March 12, the imaging team had confirmed the presence of active volcanoes. What Morabito had noticed was a plume of ejecta associated with a heart-shaped volcano now known as Pele. Remarkably, the same picture also held a second plume, one erupting from a feature now called Loki and catching sunlight as it rose high over Io’s night side.
Scientists now know of at least 150 active volcanoes on Io. Some of them blast umbrella-shaped plumes containing sodium, potassium, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, and more to altitudes as high as 310 miles (500km). Some of the ejecta falls back to paint Io’s terrain in garish hues, and the rest forms a thin, distended atmosphere around the moon. Particle interactions ionize some of these atoms, and they then become swept up in Jupiter’s fast-moving magnetic field, which rotates with the planet’s 10-hour rotation. “About a ton per second of that material is picked up by the jovian magnetic field, and that mass of stuff inflates the Jupiter magnetosphere to about twice the size it should be,” Stone says.
The ionized gas spreads along Io’s orbit to form a doughnut-shaped cloud called the Io plasma torus. Some of the heavy ions in the torus migrate outward, and their pressure supersizes the magnetosphere. As Io moves through the torus, it continuously generates an electrical current that flows along a conduit, called the Io flux tube, linked to Jupiter’s upper atmosphere. Two billion kilowatts flow through the flux tube, comparable to the average global power consumption on Earth. The Voyager 1 team deliberately tried to pass through the tube, but the material around Io shifted its position from what was expected, and the spacecraft instead flew alongside it.
While imaging from Earth in 1993, Connerney and his colleagues discovered a spot of infrared emission in Jupiter’s polar atmosphere. The glow tracked with Io in its orbit and arose from energy coursing down the flux tube. But Io isn’t alone in this regard. In 2002, Hubble imaged Io’s spot in the UV and found two more glows from Europa and Ganymede, showing they generate their own flux tubes. “The system is highly coupled and connected, where the magnetic fields and the particles are all interacting with the moons,” Stone says. And the phenomenon isn’t unique to Jupiter. In 2011, scientists identified a UV spot associated with the active moon Enceladus in images from the Cassini mission orbiting Saturn.
Voyager 1 discovered Jupiter’s faint, dusty rings during its flyby, and they posed for this Voyager 2 portrait once the probe passed into the planet’s shadow. The curved rings appear orange-red; Jupiter’s multicolored limb comes from the long exposure through two filters.
NASA/JPL
The outer trio
Europa, the next moon out from Jupiter, couldn’t be more different from its siblings. Low-resolution images from Voyager 1 showed a bright surface of frozen water with no discernible craters, along with hints of dark linear features. Voyager 2 passed much closer to Europa on July 9, and its images revealed frozen plains crisscrossed by dark streaks, giving it the look of a cracked egg. Europa’s surface is the smoothest in the solar system. Features display so little topographical relief that imaging team member Larry Soderblom compared the moon to a billiard ball. Later that year, the scientists who explained the heating of Io suggested that tidal flexing of Europa could provide enough heat to sustain an ocean beneath its icy shell, which is widely thought to be 10 to 15 miles (16 to 24km) thick. The ocean itself may be at least 30 miles (48km) deep, or more than 10 times the average depth of Earth’s seas.
In fact, several lines of evidence now support the presence of briny global oceans within Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, each containing more water than Earth’s seas. NASA’s Galileo spacecraft, which in 1995 became the first to orbit Jupiter, flew close to these moons and found that Jupiter’s rotating magnetic field induces currents in electrically conducting layers within them. These currents, in turn, generate secondary magnetic fields Galileo could detect. Europa’s induced response matches what researchers would expect for a salty subsurface ocean many miles thick. And different teams using Hubble in 2012 and 2016 discovered tantalizing evidence that Europa occasionally erupts plumes of water vapor reaching heights of 125 miles (200km), suggesting the icy shell may be quite thin in some locations.
The Juno spacecraft’s camera preferentially targets Jupiter’s poles. This view of the south pole reveals several oval cyclones up to 600 miles (1,000km) in diameter.
The first low-resolution glimpses of Ganymede revealed two starkly different terrain types. A dark material covers about 35 percent of the surface. Peppered with impact craters and their bright halos of icy ejecta, this is the moon’s geologically oldest surface. The rest of the moon features light materials crosscut by an intricate patchwork of grooves and ridges. Voyager 1 images showed that fault lines cut some of the light bands, which were then offset by surface movement. “There is transverse motion along these faults,” Soderblom said at a March 6 briefing. “Things get offset, apparently, for hundreds of kilometers.” This suggested that tidal heating had powered a brief period of intense tectonic activity in Ganymede’s icy crust early in its history.
The Galileo mission revealed in 1996 that Ganymede generates its own permanent magnetic field, the only moon in the solar system known to do so, and therefore makes its own miniature magnetosphere. This complicates the interpretation of its induced field, but recent models, as well as Hubble observations of Ganymede’s aurorae, suggest the interior contains shells of different phases of water ice separated by salty seas.
Callisto, the farthest of Jupiter’s big moons, hosts the solar system’s most heavily cratered and geologically ancient surface. Its terrain is nearly saturated with bright impact craters. The largest visible feature, named Valhalla, resembles a bull’s-eye about 2,200 miles (3,600km) across, the frozen remnant of a giant impact. Galileo spacecraft observations indicate the presence of a salty, subsurface global ocean despite little tidal heating at Callisto now. Perhaps ammonia and other contaminants lower the freezing point enough for a liquid layer to survive.
Opening act
The Jupiter flybys mark the first chapter in the Voyagers’ exploration of the outer solar system. They provided new views of an enormous, complex, and dynamic atmosphere that is still far from understood. They explored a vast magnetosphere loaded with particles from its moons, especially Io, and intimately connected to them. Close-ups of unique new worlds uncovered incredible properties, including the first example of active extraterrestrial volcanism and the first clues that frozen moons could sport internal seas. Further discoveries included a faint ring of dust extending 80,000 miles (129,000km) from the planet’s center, and two new moons, Metis and Adrastea, orbiting just beyond it. The probes also found a third satellite, Thebe, in a more distant orbit, though still well inside Io’s.
With Jupiter now in the rearview mirror, Voyager scientists could begin digging deeper into the data — and wondering what awaited them at their next destination, Saturn.
NASA's solar sail technology wants to power space exploration using sunlight
NASA's solar sail technology wants to power space exploration using sunlight
NASA has announced plans to test its updated solar sail technology in 2022. known as ACS3 (advanced composite solar sail system), the aim of the mission is to replace conventional rocket propellants by developing and testing solar sails using sunlight beams to move nanosatellites.
‘just as a sailboat is powered by wind in a sail, solar sails employ the pressure of sunlight for propulsion, eliminating the need for conventional rocket propellant,’NASA wrote in a june 23 statement.
the NASA solar sail propulsion systems have been designed for future small interplanetary spacecrafts destined for low-cost deep-space and science missions requiring long-duration and low-thrust propulsion.the benefit of nanosatellites with solar sails is a continuous thrust without using expending propellants, enabling orbits that are not possible with conventional propulsion systems.
‘the primary objective of the ACS3 mission is to demonstrate the successful deployment of the composite boom solar sail in low-earth orbit,’said NASA.‘after reaching space, the mission’s CubeSat spacecraft will deploy its solar power arrays and then begin unfurling its solar sail via four booms that span the diagonals of the square and unspool to reach 7 meters (about 23 feet) in length. after approximately 20 or 30 minutes when the solar sail is fully deployed, the square-shaped solar sail measures approximately 9 meters (about 30 feet) per side or about the size of a small apartment. a suite of onboard digital cameras will obtain images of the sail during and after deployment in order to assess its shape and alignment.’
interest in solar sailing as an alternative to chemical and electric propulsion systems continues to increase.using sunlight to propel small spacecraft in lieu of consumable propellants will be advantageous for many mission profiles and offers flexibility in spacecraft design to help NASA meet its missions’ objectives most efficiently.
project info:
name: advanced composite solar sail system (ACS3) initiator: NASA company:NanoAvionics
Filer’s Files 30 2021 - 747 Sighting Shows UFOs Are Real Says FAA Chie - PART I
Filer’s Files 30 2021 - 747 Sighting Shows UFOs Are Real Says FAA Chie - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Special reports on 747 Sighting of UFO Shows UFOs Are Real Says FAA Chief, Communist Chinese Warfare is Devious, C-60, and Strange Craft.
‘Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Washington.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Canada, Columbia, Peru, South Africa, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
747 Sighting of UFO Shows UFOs Are Real Says FAA Chief
FAA Division Chief John Callahan
A thirty-year career and for six years Mr. Callahan was the Division Chief of the Accidents and Investigations Branch of the FAA in Washington DC. In his testimony he talks about a 1986 Japanese Airlines 747 flight that was followed by a UFO for 31 minutes over the Alaskan skies. The UFO also trailed a United Airlines flight until the flight landed. There was visual confirmation as well as air-based and ground-based radar confirmation. This event was significant enough for the then FAA Administrator, Admiral Engen, to hold a briefing the next day where the FBI, CIA, President Reagan’s Scientific Study Team, as well as others attended.
747 and possible 2 UFOs
Videotape radar evidence, air traffic voice communications and paper reports were compiled and presented. At the conclusion of this meeting, the attending CIA members instructed everyone present that “the meeting never took place” and that “this incident was never recorded.” Not realizing that there was additional evidence, they confiscated just the evidence presented, but Mr. Callahan was able to secure videotape and audio evidence of the event.
Briefing on 747 Incident
Callahan states, “Now in the 747 they have radar in the nose that picks up the weather outside there. So, his radar is picking up a target. He sees this target with his eyes. And the target, the way he described it, was a huge ball with lights running around it. And I think he said it was like four times as big as a 747!”And the military man said something like, yeah, I see him 35 miles north of Anchorage.
JAL 747 and UFO at Upper Right
The UFO was bouncing around the 747. Locations of the Flight 1628 and subsequent incidents are shown. The first sighting occurred from point A to B, where Flight 1628 was escorted by two objects. A third object would have paced the cargo plane as it approached Eielson AFB, mirroring the evasive maneuvers initiated by its pilots. It would have disappeared near Mt Denali, as they approached Talkeetna for a landing in Anchorage. Two and a half months later, Flight AS-53 recorded an unidentified object near McGrath, and a military plane observed an object between Elmendorf and Eielson Air Force Bases.
Well, they ran through for the best part of 31 minutes.
Then the next day I got a call from someone with the Scientific Study Group [for President Reagan who was briefed ever day about UFOs], or the CIA, I not sure who it was, the first call. And they had some questions about the incident.And I had said, I don’t know what you are talking about, you probably want to call the Admiral [FAA Administrator Engen].
Well, a few minutes later the Admiral calls down and says, I have set up a briefing tomorrow morning at 9:00 am in the round room. Bring all the stuff you have. Bring everybody up there and give them whatever they want. We want to get out of it. Just let them do whatever they want. So, I brought all the people from the Tech Center. We had all kinds of boxes of data that we had them print out; it filled up the room. They brought in three people from the FBI, three people from the CIA, and three people from Reagan’s Scientific Study team I don’t know who the rest of the people were, but they were all excited.
One of the guys from the CIA, when we got done says, “This meeting never took place. We never had this meeting. And this was never recorded.”
At the time I said, “I don’t know why you are saying this. I mean, there was something there and if it’s not the stealth bomber, then you know, is a UFO. And if it’s a UFO, why wouldn’t you want the people to know? Oh, they got all excited over that.”
Radar picks up UFO
He said, “This is the first time they ever had 30 minutes of radar data on a UFO. And they are all itching to get their hands onto the data and to find out what it is and what really goes on. He says, “If they come out and told the American public that they ran into a UFO out there, it would cause panic across the country. So therefore, you can’t talk about it. And we are going to take all this data.”
The only ones that see a UFO in the TV programs are the rednecks out in the country that are going coon hunting or alligator hunting at night. You don’t find anybody with any kind of smarts or some professional individual saying hey, last night let me tell you what I saw. They don’t display that in the United States. So, if you talk about seeing a UFO, you are putting yourself in a funny kind of category. That’s probably one of the reasons why you don’t hear about it anymore. But as far as I’m concerned, I saw a UFO chase a Japanese 747 across the sky for over half an hour on radar.
747 and giant Mothership
I’ve been involved in a lot of cover-ups with the FAA. When we gave the presentation to the Reagan staff, I was behind the group that was there. And when they were speaking to the people in the room, they had all those people swear that this never happened. But they never had me swear it never happened. And it always bothered me that we have these things going on and when you see something or you hear something on the radio or TV, the news, that it’s put down as it’s not there. I have a hard time saying nothing.
It still bothers me that I’ve seen all this, I know all this, and I’m walking around with the answer, and nobody wants to ask the question to get the answer. And it kind of irritates me a little bit. And I don’t believe our government should be set up that way. I think when we have something like this, that you can probably find out more about what’s going on in the world [by not covering it up].’
For those people that say that if these UFOs existed, they would someday be on radar and that there’d be professionals who would see it, then I can tell them that back in 1986 there were enough professional people that saw it. It was brought down to headquarters, FAA headquarters,
Washington D.C. The Administrator saw the tape of it. The people that we were debriefing, the Scientific Study team they’ve all seen 30 minutes of a UFO on radar.
FAA’s Anchorage, Alaskan Building
Early January of 1987, I received a call from the Air Traffic Quality Control Branch in FAA’s Alaskan regional office, requesting guidance on what to tell the media personnel who were overflowing their office. The media was requesting information about the UFO that chased a Japanese 747 across the Alaskan sky for some 3 minutes at flight levels between 30,000 and 35,000 feet on November 7, 1986. Somehow, the word had got out.
What UFO; when did this take place; why wasn’t Washington Headquarters informed?” I asked. “Hey, he replied, “Who believes in UFO’s? I just need to know what to tell the media to get them out of here.” The answer to that question was easy: “tell them it’s under investigation. Then, collect all the data – the voice tapes and data disc for both the facility and the military. Send then overnight to the FAA Tech Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey.”
Japan Air Lines flight 628, a cargo jet with a pilot, co-pilot and one crew member, was just north of Anchorage, and it was about 8 pm when the pilot first reported the UFO. He described it as a huge ball with lights running around it. He said it was about four times bigger than a 747, and he saw it with his own eyes. So did the other two crew members. Over the course of three minutes, the UFO jumped miles in a few seconds, changing places to different spots around the 747, in one sweep of the radar scope.
JC: Now in the 747 they have radar in the nose that picks up the weather outside there. So, his radar is picking up a target. He sees this target with his eyes. And the target, the way he described it, was a huge ball with lights running around it. And I think he said it was like four times as big as a 747!
And the military man said something like, yeah, I see him 35 miles north of Anchorage.
The pilot reported the UFO was bouncing around the 747, The military radar operator would cut in and say, “He’s now at 2 o’clock, moving to 3:00” and he would confirm the position. The military controller has height-finding radar, and they have long-range radar and short-range radar. So, if they don’t catch it on one of their systems, they catch it on the other. And if you listen to the military operator, at one time he said, “I have it on the height radar and my range radar,” which indicated that they had a target on his system.
Drawing of the huge Mothership UFO Compared to the 747
They ran through for the best part of 31 minutes. If they [the UFOs] can travel that far, that distance with that type of machinery, who knows what they could do here for the health of the nation, the people, the cancers we could cure. They must know more than us to be able to travel at that speed.
I’ve got a videotape, voice tape, the reports that were filed that will confirm it all and I’m a high Government official in the FAA. I was a Division Chief. I was only three down from the Admiral.
Japan Air Lines flight 628, a cargo jet with a Captain Terauchi as pilot e, co-pilot and one crew member, was just north of Anchorage, and it was about 8 pm when the pilot first reported the UFO. He described it as a huge ball with lights running around it. He said it was about four times bigger than a747, and he saw it with his own eyes. So did the other two crew members. Over the course of three minutes, the UFO jumped miles in a few seconds, changing places to different spots around the 747, in one sweep of the radar scope. Here is Captain Terauchi’s drawing of the sighting.
This is a silhouette of the spaceship. We could see because of the lights around the center. This is the same size as two aircraft carriers.
Pilot’s drawing of UFO
After receiving the data from Alaska almost two months later, I briefed my boss Harvey Safer and the FAA Administrator Admiral Engen, and Safer and I went to the FAA Tech Center to observe the playback.
The FAA had developed a program capable of recreating the traffic on the controllers’ scope, or plan view display. I instructed the FAA specialist to synchronize the voice tapes with the radar data so we could hear everything the controller and pilot said. I videotaped the radar display. Later that day, I requested that the FAA automation specialists plot the radar targets along the route of flight and explain what each target was doing. I videotaped the resulting chart. The printout and radar play back displayed primary targets in the vicinity of the 747. These target returns were displayed about the same time and place as the pilot advised viewing the UFO.
Captain Terauchi as pilot
Both the radar and manual controller observed the primary target. The military controllers also viewed the primary target on their radar and identified it as a “double primary.” The pilot and crew viewed the target on their radar and were able to see the huge UFO at the same time as it approached their aircraft.
If this craft had been a Leer jet or military aircraft at the wrong altitude, that would have been clear. The FAA has procedures that cover tracking unidentified aircraft violating another’s airspace -but it has no procedures for UFOs. Back at FAA headquarters, I gave Administrator Engen a quick briefing and showed him the video. He set up a briefing with President Reagan’s scientific staff and told me my function was to give them a dog and pony show and hand this event off to them, “since the FAA does not deal with UFO’s.“I brought along a copy of the video and all the data print outs available at the time. One of the scientists asked several questions, such as, what is the range of the radar, what is the frequency of the radar, what is the band width, what is the formula for the height equipment, etc. I was impressed with the response from the FAA experts.
After receiving the data from Alaska almost two months later, I briefed my boss Harvey Safer and the FAA Administrator Admiral Engen, and Safer and I went to the FAA Tech Center to observe the playback.
The FAA had developed a program capable of recreating the traffic on the controllers’ scope, or plan view display. I instructed the FAA specialist to synchronize the voice tapes with the radar data so we could hear everything the controller and pilot said. I videotaped the radar display.
Later that day, I requested that the FAA automation specialists plot the radar targets and the radar play back displayed primary targets in the vicinity of the 747. These target returns were displayed about the same time and place as the pilot advised viewing the UFO. Both the radar and manual controller observed the primary target. The military controllers also viewed the primary target on their radar and identified it as a “double primary.” The pilot and crew viewed the target on their radar and were able to see the huge UFO at the same time as it approached their aircraft.
Here is part of the communication between Captain Terauchi of JAL and ground controllers:
6:19 PM local time: The pilot of JAL1628 requested traffic from the ZAN (FAA Air Route Traffic Control Center, Anchorage) Sector 15 controller.
6:26 PM: ZAN contacted the Military Regional Operations Control Center (ROCC) and asked if they were receiving any radar returns near the position of JAL1628. The ROCC advised that they were receiving a primary radar return in JAL1628’s 10 o’clock (left-front) position at 8 miles.
6:31 PM: JAL1628 advised that the ‘plane’ was ‘quite big,’ at which time the ZAN controller approved any course deviations needed to avoid the traffic.
Captain Terauchi as pilot
Captain Terauchi revealed this was his third sighting of UFOs. JAL downgraded him to a desk job.
If this craft had been a Leer jet or military aircraft at the wrong altitude, that would have been clear. The FAA has procedures that cover tracking unidentified aircraft violating another’s airspace -but it has no procedures for UFOs. Back at FAA headquarters, I gave Administrator Engen a quick briefing and showed him the video. He set up a briefing with President Reagan’s scientific staff and told me my function was to give them a dog and pony show and hand this event off to them, “since the FAA does not deal with UFO’s.” At the end, one of the three people from the CIA said, “This event never happened; we were never here; we’re confiscating all this data and you are all sworn to secrecy.” “What do you think it was?” I asked the CIA person. “A UFO and now they have over 30 minutes of radar to go over,” he responded. “Well let’s get a Twix out and advise the American public that we were visited by a UFO,” I suggested. “No way, if we were to tell the American public there are UFO’s they would panic,”he informed me.
Sometime after the briefing, the detailed FAA report which included extensive interviews with the pilot and crew, the chart prepared at the Tech Center; and facility voice tapes arrived at my office and were placed on a small table waiting for the CIA to request more data. The material stayed there until I retired two years later, and I’ve had it ever since.
On the night of November 17, 1986, the sighting of at least one of the UFOs was confirmed by FAA and U.S. military ground radar. Thanks to Steven Greer, Leslie Kean, and John Callahan
Communist Chinese Warfare is Devious
Arsonist enjoying the Wildfire
I fought Communism in Vietnam, Israel, and Yemen through much of my life and I know they are very clever and devious and underhanded. They are much smarter than most of our politicians. Generally successful sabotage against the U.S is not revealed and considered classified information so you have to watch the news for destruction, fires and lives lost. They may be natural disasters but often they involve sabotage and arson.
I believe Chinese Communist Party of China is using every trick and geoengineering method possible to destroy the U.S.
These include Geoengineering methods, weather Control, satellite direct energy weapons, and bio-warfare. China builds advanced weapons systems using American chip technology from Phytium Inc.
The HAARP and weather control threat has been called a conspiracy theory by the mainstream fake media and by most government officials, but we controlled much of the weather in 1968 and the Chinese have 39,000 weather control personnel in Shanghai alone near their HAARP facility. ttps://climateviewer.com/2018/08/02/weather-control-directed-energy-weapons-fires-rage-worldwide/ttps://climateviewer.com/2018/08/02/weather-control-directed-energy-weapons-fires-rage-worldwide/
During a Senate hearing on May 20, 2014, David Walker, Deputy Secretary of the Air Force for science, technology and engineering, dropped a bombshell in answer to a question asked by Lisa Murkowski in relation to the dismantling of our $300 million High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) in Alaska.
Walker said,” This is not an area that we have any need for in the future” and it would not be a good use of Air Force research funds to keep HAARP going. “We’re moving on to other ways of managing the ionosphere, which the HAARP was really designed to do,” he said. “To inject energy into the ionosphere to be able to actually control it. But that work has been completed.”
This is not the first time a public official has acknowledged that HAARP and weather control is not only possible, but has been and continues to be used as a “super weapon,” as evidenced by a statement in 1997 by former U.S. Defense Secretary William Cohen, where he said “Others [terrorists] are engaging even in an eco-type of terrorism whereby they can alter the climate, set off earthquakes, volcanoes remotely through the use of electromagnetic waves… There are plenty of ingenious minds out there that are at work finding ways in which they can wreak terror upon other nations…It’s real, and that’s the reason why we have to intensify our [counterterrorism] efforts.”
Many believe HAARP was created and has been used for weather control, with enough juice to trigger hurricanes, tornadoes and even earthquakes and comments such as this bring about the question of whether conspiracy theorists are more on target than anyone has admitted to date.
Why the Chinese did not allow domestic travel from Wuhan, China but allowed millions of Chinese people to travel from Wuhan to all other parts of the world carrying
COVID 19 killing millions of people, which allowed the coronavirus to spread worldwide killing half a million Americans. They had an effective vaccine a year earlier than the US and claim only 15,000 Chinese died due to their advanced medical ability. The Chinese have taken virtually every technology developed in the US and often improved on it including all types of aircraft and missiles.
Five HAARPs (H) Facilities Japan’s Fukushima Earthquake and Tsunami (EQ)
The Chinese Communists have developed at least five HAARP like facilities, three in the Gobi Desert, one near Shanghai, and a similar facility on the Hainan Island in the South China Sea. Some are also likely mounted a HAARP on a ships and are able to move to key locations and conduct geoengineering. Virtually everything we have like missiles, aircraft, weapons they have been copied in larger numbers. and built in China with improvements.
Weather Control is not new.
President Johnson used weather control in 1968 dropping silver oxide on the North Vietnamese roads to slow their movement of supplies.
The South China Morning Post in 2018, revealed that a me scientists believe it could have more alarming uses such as causing natural disasters like hurricanes.
China is massively expanding its weather-control project, and is aiming to be able to cover half the country in artificial rain and snow.
Chinese radar facility on the island of Hainan, China’s southernmost point. Described as a “high-powered incoherent scatter radar,” this installation will bounce radio waves off the Earth’s high-altitude layer of charged gas called the ionosphere. China has built the world’s most powerful particle accelerator, building the largest single dish radio telescope, or racing other nations to the nuclear fusion finish line—experts think the new facility is more interested in military matters than discovering the secrets of Earth’s upper atmosphere. Most powerful radar that can punch holes in the ionosphere. It is felt the equipment can affect the space weather.
China has been branded the world’s worst executioner as the state kills thousands of people every year using firing squads, lethal injections, and mobile death vans. The true numbers of those killed by the Communist Party are thought to be exceptionally high – but thy are state secrets.
The fires and high temperatures are affected by odd Jet Stream Pattern and bring smoke to the Eastern US.
HAARP Facilities Heat the Middle Atmosphere and affect the Jet Stream
There is evidence the jet stream is moving in ways that do he most damage to the Western US bringing three weeks of exceptionally high temperatures and strong winds that help feed the fires. One of, if not the, worst heat wave in the region’s modern records impacted the Pacific Northwest of the United States and western Canada during late June 2021. China has used the HAARP facilities to push and pull the jet stream that passes through China and is pushed north into Canada the US bringing record cold temperatures. Causing the jet stream to move south and pick-up record-breaking heat domes near the equator. The severe drought in the Wes is not an accident of nature.
HAARP putting Tremendous Energy and high pressure into Jet stream
HAARP has been blamed by conspiracy theorists for a range of events, including numerous natural disasters. That includes weather warfare, earthquakes, and hurricanes’ The idea behind Weather Control is simple, when you see and experience a strong thunderstorm, with a lot of lightning and thunder, what fact about this storm strikes you the most? Are you not impressed by the powerful display of energy that you witness? Energy is the primary ingredient behind nature’s storms.
Dr. Begich explain this concept, “This invention provides the ability to put unprecedented amounts of power in the Earth’s atmosphere at strategic locations and to maintain the power injection level, particularly if random pulsing is employed, in a manner far more precise and better controlled than heretofore accomplished by the prior art. The jet stream flows over China and they are likely to change its course and create high pressure in the atmosphere when it reaches the United States. There has r been three unprecedented heat domes this year causing record breaking temperatures well over a 110 degrees Forethought. It is unusual to have one heat dome per year displaying evidence that China is controlling our weather.
High pressure in the middle layers of the atmosphere acts as a dome or cap allowing heat to build up at the earth’s surface.
There is a high-pressure system, stronger than ever observed in the United Stats.
The Jet Stream brings the heat and the weather from China. HAARP machines apparently can increate the high pressure system over the U.S. Even if the Intelligence officials are aware of the sabotage it is unlikely it will be revealed. Expect a long period of unnatural extreme heat.
Everything in China is directed by the Communist Party for example Chinese pharmaceutical companies are often run by generals to make fentanyl and meth for profit. Three million people mostly Moslems are in Chinese Communist’s concentration camps with smoking crematoriums. The Chinese have built the largest Military in the world copying our best equipment and making improvements.
The Chinese Communist’s even seem to even control the US evening television news that is very favorable to China. I have I watched every night for years and on Monday they reported China hacked the Microsoft Exchange but never mention the major hacking during the election. China has recently sunk Philippine fishing boats and murdered 20,000 Indian troops according to India News reports on the border but not on US news.
Some 8,000 wildfires occurred in California, many started by lightning, but many people see beams of light coming from the sky that may belong to Chinese, Russia, or Iranian Directed energy satellites.
Sabotage of US
As an Intelligence Officer I look for evidence of sabotage. Many people report seeing beams of light coming from satellites.
U.S. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene of Georgia speculated that the real culprit behind the November 2018 wildfires in California may have been laser beam from space. The West Coast is burning, and insurers are fleeing. Since February the Western half of the U.S. has been facing a record-breaking wildfire season. In California, wildfires have now burned over 4 million acres — double the destruction that the 2018 wildfires caused. So far, 8,400 buildings have been destroyed in California wild land fires
The U.S. Department of Interior states as many as 90 percent of wild land fires in the United States are caused by people lighting the fires The remaining 10 percent are started by lightning or lava.
Beams of light coming from space started the Dolan fire in California. Cars have been burned melting glass and metal that does not normally happen with wildfires. Towns have been burned to the ground while the forest around them is untouched by fire.
According to Verisk’s 2019 Wildfire Risk Analysis 4.5 million U.S. homes were identified at high or extreme risk of wildfire, with more than 2 million in California alone.
2020: By December 18, 2020, there were about 57,000 wildfires compared with 50,477 in 2019, according to the National Interagency Fire Center. More than 10.3 million acres were burned in 2020, compared with 4.7 million acres in 2019. Five of the top 20 largest California wildfires fires occurred in 2020, according to CalFire’s list. Wildfires in California have burned a record 4.2 million acres, damaging or destroying 10,500 structures and killing 31 people.
Wildfires are occurring all over the US and in many other democracies like Australia.
The West Coast is burning, and insurers are fleeing, and a few people are committing arson and sabotage are caught. Since February the Western half of the U.S. has been facing a record-breaking wildfire season. In California, wildfires have now burned over 4 million acres — double the destruction that the 2018 wildfires caused. In 2020, 8,400 buildings have been destroyed in California alone.
Through much of September, at least a thousand or more nd eight large wildfires each of 100,000 acres and were burning in Washington and Oregon, with 3 in Washington and 5 in Oregon. This was unprecedented for those two states, which combined only saw a total of 26 large fires from 1997 to 2019. Deaths: 46 (32 in California, 11 in Oregon, 1 in Washington, 2 in Colorado), numerous towns destroyed
Wildfires on July 22, 2021, two lines of fires from NW to SE
There is some evidence that the fires might be started by satellite. Many of the fires in the past are on a line from west to east and shortly after satellites pass over. People claim to see fire coming down from space. California had 8,194 wildfires in 2018 costing $10,380. millions for just one campfire. Thousands of wildfires per state is common indicating these are not all accidental wildfires.
YouTube video of direct energy weapons coming from sky setting fires.
We know China has Direct energy weapons, laser, infrared, mirror, and satellites that can magnify the sun passing over the US. Douglas MacKinnon of the Daily Sun writes, “China’s space supremacy could wipe out our satellites and send us back to the Stone Age. As you read this, the Communist People’s Republic of China continues its military program to identify and target every single satellite in Earth orbit needed by the United States for its survival.”
Insiders claim since 2017 – 2021there has been a large increase in the wildfires suggesting a deliberate plan to sabotage the US. Many homes are destroyed away from any wildfires indicting fire from the sky. That should be of concern to the political and military leadership of the United States and those of our allies particularly since we have proof of Chinese espionage and sabotage in many other areas.
For example, China spread the COVID-19 from Wuhan all over the world but restricted all travel in China. The developed their vaccine was ready at least a year before ours. China claims their advanced medical system kept Chinese deaths down to 15,000 compared to 600,000 US deaths and they claim COVID 19 virus was wiped out of China by June of last year. Communist media reminds the Chinese people they are at war with the US.
My experience has been as an Intelligence officer to listen carefully to what the politically motivated intelligence leaders say and believe the opposite. China is much stronger than they will admit and every logical and diabolical trick they can create is used to defeat the US. Their Chinese companies are run by generals to dream up ways to defeat democracies.
Strange Craft
The True Story of an Air Force Intelligence Officer’s Life with UFOs
U.S. Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and airmen whofirst became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II. These men – military professionals who flew planes, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at airfields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.
During secret debriefings at U.S. bases, pilots and air crew told their commanders of seeing UFOs off their plane’s wings. Award-winning investigative author John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer.
From objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFOs over during the Cuban Missile Crisis to lights over the DMZ in Vietnam Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters,
Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book. As a member of the Disclosure Project, military experts, astronauts, and scientists urge the U.S. government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public.
Filer describes his UFO encounters in this incredible book.
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Filer’s Files 30 2021 - 747 Sighting Shows UFOs Are Real Says FAA Chie - PART II
Filer’s Files 30 2021 - 747 Sighting Shows UFOs Are Real Says FAA Chie - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Special reports on 747 Sighting of UFO Shows UFOs Are Real Says FAA Chief, Communist Chinese Warfare is Devious, C-60, and Strange Craft.
‘Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Washington.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Canada, Columbia, Peru, South Africa, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
California Object
Fairfield – on March 30, 2021, it was white I don’t know why but I felt it knew we were watching it.
Delaware Disc
Milford – March 2, 2021, the game camera took a picture of a black round disk.
Note: There was no lights on the object and there is some grayness on the picture that could be a camera anomaly. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Idaho Light
Filer – on July 17, 2021, pulsating lights only half of shape could be seen by naked eye. Oval without lighting markers. Pulsing the whole time while suspended.
Illinois Lights
Rock Island – on July 3, 2021, I witnessed a triangle shaped UFO up close as I traveled west on I-80. I traveled toward ball of light, filming for 30 minutes. At 10pm this ball of light descended toward me fast with a fluorescent green glow. At an altitude of 100 feet and 200 yards away it slowed and crossed my path as I got this photo.
It was triangle shaped ship with 3 bright lights of every color swirling like plasma. I chased it and managed to get nearly beneath it again. I drove around Rock Island tracking this object, but it disappeared.
Kansas Object
Emporia — on June 29, 2021Tic Tac sighting.
Maryland Object
Annapolis –on April 19, 2021, this is hard to describe so I made this sketch. It was at 5:30 am the triangle flew over.
Nebraska Object
Omaha in early spring we were driving to Council Bluffs at 9 pm when I saw this disk and asked my dad to stop the car. He didn’t but we were able to see it for an hour when we got home.
Ohio Object
New Richmond – on July 18, 2021, my wife and I were coming down our driveway and she said she saw a light in the sky. We began to video tape the light. It moved southeast then hovered changing shape, glowing ball then a triangle.
Oklahoma Object
Tulsa –on July 20, 2021, we saw a dark grey hovering object with a rear ghoulish orange light. At first the light began to dim and then brighten twice before fading away.
South Dakota Object
Rapid City – on July 18, 2021, we were in the backyard when a wobbly black disk flew overhead.
Texas Light
Lubbock – on July 17, 2021, thought this could be drone but too bright and too far away. I do have video.
Utah Object
South Ogden ‘’ on July 15, 2021, nearly flat, donut looking object traveled across the sky, like a balloon, but it was way faster and there was no wind.
Washington Lights
Forks – on July 19, 2021, I was riding my horse that has often spooked by low aircraft, so I was watching the sky when I saw a UFO. It was a few miles away coming towards me silently but changed directions and the horse was o.k.
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Canada Object
Calgary – on September 6, 2019, I saw flames like a large comet descending that stopped and hovered into multiple glowing balls. They joined and separated.
Columbia Light
GPalermo Magdalena –– on April 6, 2021, next to the Puente Pumarejo bridge on the Magdalena River. I was taking pictures of a “sun halo.”
Note: The bright spot in the photo is not a real object. It is a lens flare as the result of taking a photo of the Sun. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Peru Light
Lima– November 16, 2016, half-cylindrical stationary light observed in southwest at 6 pm. I went to the roof to see it move towards me, despite the scare. I continued recording.
South Africa Object Drawing
Velddrif– on July 15, 2021, it was 100 meters from me at 4 am while taking my dog out. I live on the west coast, and I made a sketch of what as flew silently overhead.
UK/England Lights
London–on November 18, 2018, I finished work around 6pm, and observed a Laser show near Heathrow airport. My brother and I saw these astounding fast lights. I was told this is a laser light. But laser light comes with a trail from point A to B and there was no trail.
Telford, England – on July 18, 2021, after viewing my photos later I noticed the UFOs
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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women, Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick, my grandsons who both drowned. These files could not be published without the help of my beloved wife who cooks, cleans, washes, etc., and handles the finances. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually!
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Filer’s Files 29 2021 - UFOs Disable U.S. Nuclear Missiles - PART I
Dana Point, California UFO flies with [Dana Point planes 4 July 2021
Filer’s Files 29 2021 - UFOs Disable U.S. Nuclear Missiles - PART I
.Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Www.nationalUFOcenter.com. Now receiving 3 to 4 million hits a month
Sending out 32,000 emails a week
In special reports, this week’s files cover:
Special Reports on UFOs Disable U.S. Nuclear Missiles,We Have Lost Many Men Trying to Intercept UFOs, Peru – Crashed UFO Was Hit,Map of UFO Sightings, Triangle UFOs Attack Soviet Union, Time Travelers, The Black Lives Matter Organization Defends Communist Cuba, and Strange Craft.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arkansas, California, Florida, Connecticut, Colorado, Florida, Kentucky, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, and Utah.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Romania, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
UFOs Disable U.S. Nuclear Missiles
At the MUFON Conference I had a nice talk with Captain Silas who was one of six former Air Force officers and a former enlisted man stepped forward in Washington last September to say that they’d seen or had been directly involved with UFO sightings at Malmstrom and F. E. Warren nuclear missile sites.
These sightings began at the dawn of the Cold War and continued through the 1970s. At this press conference, organized by UFO researcher Robert Hastings, these men told the media that they were encouraged not to speak of these sightings by their superiors, and in some cases, were required to sign secrecy oaths. Robert Silas who I talked with on Sunday, told me, ”
He was able to obtain formally classified data about the sighting and cold now tell what happened on March 16, 1967, he was 60 feet below ground working a 24-hour shift monitoring a launch-control center outfitted with 10 nuclear Minuteman missiles.
“I got a call from the topside guard, telling me they were watching some strange lights flying around in the sky, making odd maneuvers. They didn’t think they were airplanes because they were going amazingly fast, turning on a dime and not making a bit of noise.” Salas, co-author of “Faded Giant” (BookSurge Publishing), was a first lieutenant in 1967, serving as a missile-launch officer while stationed at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana with Minuteman missiles.
We Have Lost Many Men Trying to Intercept UFOs
General Benjamin Chidlaw told investigators, `We have stacks of reports about flying saucers. We take them seriously when you consider we have lost many men and planes trying to intercept them.” Commander Air Defense Command 1951 to 1955.
Timothy Good writes, “The destruction or disappearance of military aircraft during interceptions of UFOs continued apace.” As General Benjamin Chidlaw, former commanding general of Air (later Aerospace) Defense Command told Robert C. Gardener (ex USAF) in 1953: “We have stack of reports of flying saucers. We take them seriously, when you consider we have lost many men and planes trying to intercept them.”
Leonard Stringfield, the former Air Force intelligence officer was told by a reliable source in the 1950s that the “Air Force was losing about a plane a day to the UFOs.” Stringfield was reliably informed. According to US Defense Department figures, from 1952 until the end of October 1956, there were 18,662 major accidents of military aircraft, broken down.
If UFOs are fired at they respond with deadly return fire
Air Force – Navy Total Losses of aircraft
1952 2,274 2,086 4,354
1953 2,075 2,325 4,400
Year 1954 1,873 1,911 3,784
1955 1,664 1,566 3230
1956 1,530 1,358 2,888
Of this astonishing accident total, most involved fast new jets (such as those scrambled in UFO interceptions), of which 56.2 per cent were found to be caused by pilot error; 8.1 per cent by ground-crew or other personnel failure; 23.4 per cent by failure of parts and equipment in the aircraft; 2.8 per cent by various ‘unsafe conditions’, and –9.5 per cent (1,773) were due to ‘unknown factors. Thanks to Timothy Good’ book, “Need to Know” P.172
Peru – Crashed UFO Was Hit by Something
Marine Corps Lance Corporal John Weygandt
Weygandt, who was part of the Disclosure Project, was sent to Peru in March 1997, to provide perimeter security for a radar installation that he was told tracked drug traffic aircraft in Peru and Bolivia. He states, “About midnight, while I was on guard duty, Sergeant Allen and Sergeant Atkinson told me, an aircraft crashed, and they need us to go and secure the crash site.” Early that morning we drove six Hummers close to the crash site just when it started to get light. Well, we found the area easy because there was a huge gash in the land where something had crashed. Everything was burned and it was as if something had almost cut warm butter with a knife. It was like something on fire or had energy like a laser had cut it. It was strange. I was in the front with Sergeant Allen and Sergeant Atkinson, and we were ten or twenty meters ahead of everyone else. We were the first ones to see this thing. It had gone up the hill and then off in the side of the ravine and ridge. This was a 200-foot ridge of solid rock. A huge craft was buried at a 45-degree angle in the side of the cliff there at the ridge. It was straight up and down. ‘
The craft was dripping a greenish-purple syrup-like liquid. The liquid was everywhere and fluctuated like it was alive and changing to a different shade of greenish purple. The craft was humming like a bass guitar and had a slowly turning light. Most of the craft seemed buried into the cliff but vents, like a fish gill were on the back.
The liquid got on my clothes and ate holes in them and burned off some the hair on my arms. There were three holes in the ship that may have been hatches that were not flush with the main body of the craft. There was another hatch the same width and diameter of the top hatch and it was kind of crooked to the side and it was half-open. I didn’t see any lights or anything coming out of it, but I felt this… presence. It is strange. I think the creatures calmed me. It was weird and I think they were trying to communicate with me, like, I guess, telepathically. The Corporal estimated the craft was ten meters in width and about 20 meters in length and shaped like something between an egg and a teardrop. The skin of the craft had bumps and notches and appendages on it. It was organic and almost like art. It looked like something that could be made in a shop. It looked like it could have been handmade but out of what materials I do not know. It was nothing like titanium. It looked like metal but there was no reflection. The sun was shining on it, and I could see the different shades of the craft and it didn’t reflect anything. Suddenly the Sergeants were yelling at me to get the hell out of there.
After we climbed back up, the Department of Energy people were there. They knew about it, so I don’t know why we went there still to this day. But anyway, I was arrested and cuffed, both hands down. I had all my gear taken from me by men in black cammies who threatened me, subdued me, and put me on a cot. They had no nametags. At the crash site there were about thirty of these guys wearing hazard suits.
I had been told aircraft were flying in and out of the atmosphere as much as ten plus per week. When you have objects that reenter the atmosphere, then stop on a dime, then turn around, and go exactly the opposite direction – that is somewhat strange. Meteors don’t do that. The craft was not from Earth. I knew that when I looked at it. I wondered if those facilities were built for the intent to track UFO’s and their cover was to track drug aircraft. They had laser range finders and all kinds of high-tech stuff that I have never seen before.
Patriot is a long-range, all-altitude, all-weather air defense system
Patriot system detects, tracks, and engages UAVs, cruise missiles, and short-range or tactical ballistic missiles. and perhaps UFOs.
They [the laser range finders] looked like big telescopes and some sort of Command Center manned by a multi –national force. So, these craft were tracked from this radar and were logged. I’m confident that when I saw the aircraft, it had been hit by something. Something had taken it out.
Editor’s Note: Corporal Weygandt described a craft damaged by enemy action, either by our weapons or an opposing alien force during our meeting in the Disclosure Project. His testimony on Page 274 of “Disclosure: Witnesses Reveal the Greatest Secrets” as being used against alien intruders during the Clinton Administration. We can assume this war continues.
Map of UFO Sightings
UFO sighting hot spots are around major cities such as: Seattle, Los Angeles, San Diego, Phoenix, Minneapolis, St. Luis, Chicago, Detroit, Columbus, Charleston, Philadelphia, and New York.
Alien UFO Bases
UFO in Cave
Erich A. Aggen, Jr. reports a great deal of UFO research has led to the conclusion that various species of aliens have set up secret underground bases in the United States and other countries. It is logical to assume that such bases have also been established elsewhere in the solar system. If such bases exist, where would we find them? Existing information allows us to make a few educated guesses.
“EARTH BASES: UNDERGROUND – The dark, cavernous world beneath our feet is the source of many baffling mysteries. Clandestine UFO bases may be hidden deep within the earth in natural and or artificial caverns and even under the sea…
UFO entering field near a Finley, Ohio farm in slow motion by George Ritter
As a former member of the National Speleological Society (NSS), I am aware of the vast extent of cave systems within the United States. In my own native state of Missouri, for example, there are over 2,500 known caves and dozens of new ones being discovered every year. Many of these caves are intricately linked together by numerous passageways and interconnecting chambers.
“One particular species of blind white (albino) cave fish, the TYPHLICHTHYS, has been found in many widely separated cave systems over several states. It has been found in caves that make a great arc through Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois and UNDER the Mississippi River extending into Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma! A vast section of the central and southern United States must lie above one immense cavern system!
“Many caves possess rooms hundreds of feet in length, width, and height. In most cases, these huge natural caverns can only be reached and explored with the utmost skill and perseverance. There are only a few thousand NSS members in the United States and only a few hundred of this number are active spelunkers that is people who explore caves. With so few spelunkers spread over such a large area, only an exceedingly small fraction of the tens of thousands of known caves in this country have been carefully mapped and explored. Thousands of other caves remain undiscovered and unexplored. The aliens can fly into the caves without causing damage to the ground or the sides of mountains. Any of the caves appear to be underwater in oceans, lakes, and rivers.
“Extensive evidence indicates that caves in the United States may be connected with caves in other parts of the world. In Mexico, the cave known as ‘Sotano de las Golondrinas’, (or) basement of the swallows, in the Municipio de Aquismo, S.L.P., reaches a depth of 1100 feet (334 meters). The cave is a giant ‘sinkhole’ or ‘hole’ in the ground with a nearly circular opening at the top, hundreds of feet in diameter.
“The entrance to Golondrinas is in one of the most primitive and uncivilized areas of Mexico and local inhabitants are afraid to approach the cave because they believe it is full of ‘evil spirits’ which lure people to their deaths. They tell stories of people mysteriously disappearing never to be heard from again while passing near the cave entrance. These stories may be based more on fact than fiction: they are similar in some respects to UFO abduction reports. Because of its huge size, remote location, and unique geological structure, Golondrinas would be an ideal UFO base. Naturally, camouflaged caves in other parts of the world may serve as excellent natural bases, way stations, and ‘depots’ for UFOs.
“An underground nuclear test called the ‘Schooner Experiment’ conducted in December 1968, substantiates the theory that caves in North and South America are intimately linked. In this test, a 35- kiloton nuclear bomb was exploded under the desert of Nevada. Five days after the test, the radiation level rose from 10 to 20 times in Canada, 1000 miles away from the Nevada test site! The only way the radioactive dust could have traveled that far is through an interconnected system of caves extending all the way from Nevada to Canada!”
Many abductees report going underground, undersea, or taken to spaceships orbiting Earth. UFOs are often reported entering the ground, the sea, or mountains. They seem to pass through the soil, rock, or water with no problems. Thanks to ‘TOP SECRET SEARCH Magazine,
UFO bases in the Caspian and Black Sea
The Aug. 1-2 sighting of UFOs over Baku’s oil company district, in the South Caspian Sea as reported by the opposition Musavat Daily News raised a few eyebrows? Did it mean that so-called flying saucers run on petrol as well at anti-matter? According to Fuad Gasimov, academician and head of the Seismological Department of the National Aerospace Agency the often-sighted space craft have bases deep in the Caspian, one off the north part of the Absheron Peninsula, the other in the north sector of the Caspian Sea.
Possible UFO bases shown in Red Oval
“I had been associated with the Institute of Earth Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. during the Soviet era Gasimov told the Baku Sun. “Since then, we have information on the existence UFO bases around Baku. But it was strongly kept as a military secret.” The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991,
shortly before the dissolution of the USSR in the same year. Aliens and UFOs reportedly were responsible for the breakup of the Soviet Union shortly after a gigantic fleet of missile carrying submarines was detected off the coast of the United States.
Allegedly the aliens would not put up with two super nuclear powers that could destroy the Earth and their potential home. Gasimov says that he worked with a Soviet organization that tracked UFOs. The organization sent an expedition to Baku and the Absheron Peninsula, where they discovered UFOs bases around the Nardaran and Pirshagi districts and around the Siyazan water spring. The entrances to these bases, he says, are found deep underground. Kasimov is not Baku’s only ufologist. Other than the incidents at Nardaran, flying saucers zoom in as the No. 2 topic of conversation in the villages around Baku.
Caspian Sea Oil Drilling Platform Belonging to Iran
The Caspian region isn’t the only home for UFOs, he says. The Pacific and Atlantic oceans, around Bermuda are also home to alien bases. Another alien base is located off the coast of Crimea in the northern Black Sea not far from the port of Simferopol.
With thousands of Russian troops occupying this perennially embattled autonomous republic, an overwhelming majority of Crimeans voted on Sunday, March 16, 2014, to secede from Ukraine and join Russia, resolutely carrying out a public referendum that Western leaders declared illegal.
Simferopol, Crimea
The outcome, in a region that shares a language and centuries of history with Russia, was a foregone conclusion even before exit polls showed more than 93 percent of voters and Crimean Parliament favoring secession. There was bitterness over Ukraine because they did not let Crimea elect its own leader in the State Council of Crimea and the economy was poor. Crimea has been known for almost daily sightings of UFOs, even as the Russian Navy has moved into the port in force and bringing relative prosperity to the two million Crimean’s.
Vidadi Erbulozole, 85, a resident of Mardakan village, swears he saw a UFO with his own eyes. He says that while drinking tea on his balcony he observed a huge shining object going toward the sea.
It wasn’t the first time he has spotted an alien vessel, he says. In August last year, he and his neighbors were terrified by three shining objects in the sky. I saw it with my own eyes,” he says. “Again, they were like huge circles with terrifying lights around it. They seemed awfully close to you, but the interesting thing is they would disappear rapidly.”
UFO seen over Crimea
He told the Baku Sun that under the Soviets at the end of the 1980s, Azeri scientists produced theoretical studies, or functioning principles, for types of flying objects such as UFOs. Most requests came from the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union. He notes that this was the period of the United States’ Strategic Defense Initiative, also known as the Star Wars space defense plan.
Star Wars made a lot of U.S. defense contractor’s rich and eventually led to the anti-missile program; the U.S.S.R. took it seriously and wanted its own scientists to come up with a possible answer to SDI’s space shield. Azerbaijani scientists were called on to develop a Soviet UFO.
Triangle UFOs Attack Soviet Union
Several KGB Colonels claim the U.S.S.R. was on heavy attack by Triangle UFOs and was forced to surrender and formed Russia at a great lost to military capability and the loss of numerous of its nation Republics such as Ukraine. The attacks occurred shortly after numerous Soviet nuclear missile submarines appeared ready to attack the U.S. with 360 nuclear missiles. The alien primary mission is to stop nuclear war on Earth since large numbers of aliens now live here and more are coming.
The Soviet Union lost fifteen Republics when it downgraded to Russia only.
After the collapse of U.S.S.R. Salmanzadeh says, all research about the theoretical principles of flying objects prepared by Azeri scientists were sent to Moscow, sometime in the early.
1990s. Salmanzadeh claims to have observed a flying object that looked like a UFO in October 1999. He and some colleagues took photos of the craft, which they named Tusi-800.
Time Travelers
Grey Alien
Commander Graham Bethune told me, “The entities that crashed near Roswell, New Mexico in 1947 seemed to be coming home and might be from our Earth’s future”. It is apparent they are unhealthy in appearance like their livers or other organs are damaged, perhaps as the result of an environmental disaster. They may be suffering from radiation poisoning possibly from a nuclear war, environmental chemical poisons, or space radiation. The eye is the most sensitive target for space radiation and long duration stays may lead to detectable opacities and cataracts. The unusually large eyes may reflect repeated damage to the eyes and immune disorders.
They also seem to be collecting DNA, fertile eggs, and sperm possibly to improve their species and develop offspring that can live on Earth’s atmosphere. Our bacteria and virus strains appear to mutate or be developed for bio-warfare like the corona virus into stronger diseases and visitors may also be attempting to obtain some of our antibodies and vaccines that fight these strains.
The entities may have come here to prevent humans from destroying Earth in an attempt to keep the Earth environmentally clean or prevent nuclear war for future generations. Earth is the best planet for life for millions of miles in this part of the galaxy and is a tremendous source of life forms, food, water, minerals, and atmosphere.
Time Travel is possible, and I’ve talked to government personnel who have travelled to other planets in a few hours. Both planets must have the machines
It is apparent our government based on President Roosevelt or Truman’s orders kept the entities visits and crashes secret because they feared the intentions and abilities of the visitors. My experience has shown our leaders often make decisions like what the average person would make knowing the same information.
There have been rumors that human probably were taken by the Grays were found in the crashed craft.
Clones My already Exist are they identical Twins or Clones?
There is also an indication the Grays are robotic computerized clones and all look essentially the same. According to various reports the visitors have large brains and are able transmit their telepathic thoughts and read our minds. They obviously have advanced technology and reportedly can go through walls, transport people into their craft, and control people’s actions, etc.
The Greys
The most encountered alien species is known as the “Greys” due to the greyish color of their skin. There are several species of Greys which have interacted with mankind in one form or other during our history. The Greys share several common characteristic traits to include a telepathic genetic/technological collective consciousness and the inability to feel emotion. The appear to be conducting abductions to mate with humans and to breed offspring that after five or six times create an almost human looking starseeds with often advanced capabilities.
The Black Lives Matter Organization Defends Communist Cuba
Many U.S Flags Waved during Cuban Riots
Peter Hasson Democratic Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, Ilhan Omar of Minnesota and Cori Bush of Missouri have yet to weigh in on Black Lives Matter declaring its support for Cuba’s Communist regime, even though the congresswomen have been vocal Black Lives Matter (BLM) supporters in the past.
BLM sparked a backlash after posting a statement that blasted the U.S. embargo and praised Cuba’s Communist government and police tactics against Cuban’s protests.
BLM claims the people of Cuba are being punished by the U.S. government because the country has maintained its commitment to sovereignty and self-determination,” Then, BLM claimed Cubans have chosen their own government which is untrue sine the peopled have never voted.
Communist general and Dictator Fidel Castro took over the country in a violent siege in 1959, despite never having won an election.. Fidel, his successor, and brother Raúl, and current figurehead President Miguel Díaz-Canel have all not stood in any election, despite being the nation’s only leaders in those 62 years. Repeatedly Castro claimed he would get around to having elections, but this never happened according to Wikipedia.
Over a million Cubans have voted with their feet and fled Cuba with 1,344,00 going to the US with Spain getting (141,400), Italy (37,300), Canada (19,000), Germany (13,400), Mexico (12,900), and Puerto Rico with 13,600.
The BML statement said. “United States leaders have tried to crush this Revolution for decades with an embargo.” The statement also credited Cuba’s government for “protecting Black revolutionaries like Assata Shakur,” a convicted cop-killer who fled to Cuba after escaping from prison in 1979. BLM Marxist co-founder Patrisse Cullors has repeatedly praised Shakur in the past.
Ocasio-Cortez and Omar are vocal supporters of BLM, while Cori Bush was a BLM activist before joining Congress.
The six-time #1 New York Times bestselling author, and radio and TV host Mark R. Levin explains how the dangers he warned against in the bestseller Liberty and Tyranny have come to pass.
In American Marxism, Levin explains how the core elements of Marxist ideology are now pervasive in American society and culture—from our schools, the press, and corporations, to Hollywood, the Democratic Party, and the Biden presidency—and how it is often cloaked in deceptive labels like “progressivism,” “democratic socialism,” “social activism,” and more. With his characteristic trenchant analysis, Levin digs into the psychology and tactics of these movements, the widespread brainwashing of students, the anti-American purposes of Critical Race Theory and the Green New Deal, and the escalation of repression and censorship to silence opposing voices and enforce conformity. Levin exposes many of the institutions, intellectuals, scholars, and activists who are leading this revolution, and provides us with some answers and ideas on how to confront them.
As Levin writes: “The counter communist revolution to the American Revolution is in full force. And it can no longer be dismissed or ignored for it is devouring our society and culture, swirling around our everyday lives, and ubiquitous in our politics, schools, media, and entertainment.” And, like before, Levin seeks to rally the American people to defend their liberty.
Communist China’s media tells the Chinese people they are at war with the United States and that everything must be done to defeat them. The Bio-warfare of COVID 19 and updated variants is just one example. Another issue is, have you ever heard anything derogatory against China on the evening news?
BLM isn’t the only group allied with AOC to have praised the oppressive Communist Cuban regime that has killed thousands. The Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), which counts Ocasio-Cortez and Bush among its members, appeared to signal its support for the Cuban regime this week.
The DSA National and International Committee declared their solidarity with the “Communist Cuban Revolution”
In 1962 hundreds of Soviet nuclear missiles were set up in Cuba to destroy the U.S. but aerial reconnaissance of Cuba discovered the missiles, and they were removed by negotiation narrowly averting World War III.
The U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba after Cuba nationalization American-owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation. People should be aware that many Marists and Communist s are at work in America. Ask any Cuban, Russian or Chinaman etc., what it’s like under Communism?
Strange Craft
The True Story of an Air Force Intelligence Officer’s Life with UFOs
U.S. Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilotsand airmen who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II. These men – military professionals who flew planes, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at airfields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.
During secret debriefings at U.S. bases, pilots and air crew told their commanders of seeing UFOs off their plane’s wings. Award-winning investigative author John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer.
From objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFOs over during the Cuban Missile Crisis to lights over the DMZ in Vietnam Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters,
Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book. As a member of the Disclosure Project, military experts, astronauts, and scientists urge the U.S. government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public.
Filer describes his UFO encounters in this incredible book.
Special Reports on UFOs Disable U.S. Nuclear Missiles,We Have Lost Many Men Trying to Intercept UFOs, Peru – Crashed UFO Was Hit,Map of UFO Sightings, Triangle UFOs Attack Soviet Union, Time Travelers, The Black Lives Matter Organization Defends Communist Cuba, and Strange Craft.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arkansas, California, Florida, Connecticut, Colorado, Florida, Kentucky, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, and Utah.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Romania, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
Arkansas Light
Searcy— on June 30, 2021, I placed my Android phone on a fixed surface to see cloud using a free app called DSLR HD Professional. I shot at 1900 frames a second. I saw objects follow military planes from Little Rock Air Force Base. They started as rings in the sun rays then after the second one flew by there was an extremely fast cone shaped one that moves unbelievable fast. I hooked up my phone to PC and viewed the video with SMPlayer. All free. I viewed them one frame at a time. I discovered they fly at high noon to avoid being seen. This is daily. They fly at high noon in the deep blue of the sun. That’s why we don’t see them. I have so much footage I need help screen shooting.
California Object
Dana Point – JA friend was filming a Fourth of July fly by and saw the black object fly past then, back thru them, and past again.
Colorado Light
Westminster– on July 12, 2021, my daughter and I were at the pool when three fighter jets were flying in formation. I was wishing I had my camera but took a few photos on their second pass when they were no longer in formation. They continued to fly for the next hour and took photos with my phone, I noticed a green orb, closely following and rapidly changing directions. This orb was not visible to the naked eye. Note: The green light is probably a lens reflection.
Connecticut Disc
Milford – July 20. 2018, disc came out from a cloud.
Florida Lights
Port St Luci – on July 11, 2021, five objects moving away from Earth in a clear sky.
Kentucky Object
Lexington– July 16, 2019, looked like it hovered and glided in one direction, spinning fast, with a top part that spun separately. If you move slowly back and forth you can see it spinning, wobbling, no sound, no propellers like a drone,
Illinois Light
Chicago– June 27, 2021, I saw a light in the sky like a star, but its movements indicated otherwise. Around 10 lights appeared shortly in a transgression of 3 days. They were east, west, north, and south of my home. Three would gather in a wide triangle formation. I zoomed in to see it travels through light trying to communicate an intelligent message of string theory drawings.
Note:The witness sent several photos and some videos. Only one of the photos is shown. The witness says that she continually had sightings from June 27 through July 2, 2021. The photo shown in this report could be the Moon which was visible and 91% illuminated at the time of the photo. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Maine Light
Norway – on May 22, 2021, the UFO was an off white that flew above tree line, making no sound. It flew in a straight path northwest to east. The UFO flew over my house without lights and yelled for my family.
Massachusetts Light
Braintree– on July 5, 2021, photo taken by a friend
New Jersey Lights
Union City– 1980, two friends and I were chatting, we all looked up to the sky and noted a V shaped object travel from left to right. The lights were not even, maybe 5 on one side and 4 on the other. it was moving extremely slowly, now there are three major airports in this area and jets are in the sky all the time, this object was moving very slowly, def not a jet, plane, helicopter.there was no sound. It was very high and it was at least the size of a couple of football fields. It vanished and we all looked at each other.
New York Object
Endicott– on July 2, 2021, photo from game camera
Oregon Object Drawing
Hillsboro– on July 11, 2021, I was walking my dog through the sports fields off Veteran’s Drive when I noticed a flashing object in the sky. I close to the Hillsboro airport so it’s quite common to see aircraft flying 50 feet above me. This object did not appear to be a plane as it was hovering above me for around 5 minutes until it slowly moved away. It was rotating diamond shape hovering at 1000 feet up with a smaller diamond shaped object hanging down. There were antennas sticking out the main body. The upper diamond portion was rotating causing flashes from the sun. It eventually headed south behind the trees.
Tennessee Light
Franklin –viewed two lights above the clouds with erratic movement. Then one seems to eject a cylindrical yellow object into clear sky that moved with enormous speed and disappeared.
Texas Object
Joshua – on July 8, 2021, my boyfriend and I were sitting outside, and he said, “What’s that it’s on fire?” I looked up and saw orange and red-looking ball flying west. I grabbed my phone and recorded it turning back north. I have never seen anything like it.
Utah Object
Saint George – on July 13, 2021, took a picture of what I thought was a bird. It moved as if it rose with a flap of its wings, and then would dip as if closing its wings, falling briefly, and then doing it again as it moved across the sky. It wasn’t until I zoomed in that it appeared not to be a bird.
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Light
Townsville –December 4, 2010, this video was taken during the night using a security camera motion detection with infrared. This is a copy of the video. On the original there is a voice saying the word “HELLO”. I will look for the original and send it on Note: The orb could be an out of focus insect or even a spider sac. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Brazil Light
Rio De Janeiro— on July 2, 2021, he went to close the window when he saw the UFO up in the cloudless sky. It moved a little bit in all directions with some red flashes that shot out from the main light. He tried to photograph with his cell phone and with a manual camera for 30 minutes watching the UFO, when he decided to go to bed
Canada Object
Bowmansville– on July 9, 2021, was watching Branson’s landing from suborbital flight when I noticed an object that was off to the right in the sky. It was oval with black underneath with a glowing around its circular edge.
Ireland Light
Dublin — on May 22, 2021, arc shaped object seen at upper right.
Mexico Object
Palenque– on December 1, 2020, I’ am Mark Knudson a film maker who visited the Palenque ruins in Chiapas, Mexico earlier this year. I am submitting this report for Antonio Martinez, who I met personally in Palenque in January 2021. Antonio lives in Palenque on a ranch across the valley from the Palenque ruins, where he took the attached photo. He told me of many sightings like this with a smart phone. He says there will be more photos because he has seen these Omnis/UFOs in the area frequently by Pascal’s tomb at the Temple of the Inscriptions incredibly famous pyramid that tourists go to see. He lives in a hut yet is highly intelligent and used to work for NASA robotics in Texas a while ago. — Mark Knudson c
Romania Light
Cluj Napoca— on July 12, 2021, my friend and I went out at night to the Hoia Forest. We knew there were UFO sightings there and I saw something vibrating that was very bright for a moment and then it disappeared and appeared again and changed its position amazingly fast. I decided to video. This is a frame from the video that is not clear. It was moving extremely fast with 3 objects illuminating separately.
UK/England Lights
London – 1948, every Sunday morning I use to visit my grandmother. I would ride my bicycle along Southwest Road. Looking up I noticed a large round spherical object with several smaller spheres emerging. After a while they vanished behind a large cloud. Since then, I have often sighted many objects in the sky.
Bexleyheath – on July 3, 2021, caught on security camera one star like object flashing in the SW at 23:55. Two seconds later two other stars flashed simultaneously as if they were communicating with each other.
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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 06 - 08 - 2021
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 06 - 08 - 2021
UFO Sighted Over Rome, Italy ( August 4, 2021 )
Impressive clear daytime UFO Sighting from Comune di Roma Capitale, Rome, Italy on August 4, 2021
They are everywhere
credit : O.A
Humanoid Sighted Over Memphis, Tennessee ( August 1, 2021 )
And it happened again : Now in 01/08/2021, Memphis, Tennessee a being with the same characteristics was sighted resembling the entity with a strange humanoid form that was recorded in Russia on 20/04/2021 has once again been recorded in Memphis skies, Tennessee.
There is no doubt to me that it is the same guy
They're already among us...
credit : A.M.C.B
Large UFO Caught As It Passes Over The Moon!
What appears to be a five pointed object passes over the moon.
Evidence of serious, government concerns about the alien abduction phenomenon began in the 1950s. That was the year in which a young American soldier found himself caught up in a very strange saga that, to a degree, still disturbs him to this very day. It all went down on a chilly night in Utah’s expansive desert. Private Bernard Gerry Irwin was the man whose life took a turn of the decidedly unforeseen type. February 20, 1959 began as a regular day for Irwin, but, it most definitely didn’t end that way. At the time, Irwin was driving to Fort Bliss, Texas, from Idaho – the former being the facility at which Irwin was stationed, and the latter his home state. As night set in, something completely unforeseen and paradigm-shifting happened to Irwin. He was about to be confronted by the UFO phenomenon in spectacular and mysterious fashion.
The night was dark, silent and all but empty of vehicles. As desert highways so often are well after sunset. But, for Irwin this was a night he would never forget – which is somewhat ironic, as a result of the fact that certain portions of his memory were forever erased from his mind. As he drove along the winding, curving road, Irwin was suddenly distracted by a bright light in the night sky – but at a distinctly low level – which descended below a looming ridge. A meteorite? No. A flare, perhaps? Wrong again. Maybe an aircraft in trouble? That was Irwin’s first thought and, with that in mind, he brought his car to a stop at the side of the road, and turned on the blinkers. He quickly got out, and left a note for passing drivers. It read: Have gone to investigate what looks like a plane crash about one-quarter mile to my right. Notify state police immediately. Wearing his Army coat and armed with a flashlight, Irwin headed off into the unknown. Irwin headed for what he suspected – and feared – just might be the site of a plane crash, only to find himself in an even greater nightmare.
The next thing Irwin remembered was waking up in a hospital bed in Cedar City. Where and why, he didn’t know. A doctor and a nurse were standing around the bed, and were soon joined by a local county sheriff. Irwin was confused and scared, which is not surprising. The other three were far more interested in finding out what had gone on. Irwin kept muttering about “survivors,” asking the nurse and the doctor if there were any. Were they all killed? Who “they” might have been, it seems that no-one really knew. That included Irwin, whose mind was in complete turmoil. The doctor then broke the news: Irwin had been unconscious for a full day and night. It was only thanks to a passing warden with the Fish and Game Commission, who came across Irwin’s car, that Irwin was found. The police were soon on the scene, and Irwin was finally found, completely unresponsive, around a quarter of a mile from the road. It was in the early hours before Irwin was finally resting in an unfamiliar bed.
Irwin was kept under observation for several days, but remained unable to recall any of the events of that strange night. Military personnel soon appeared on the scene to fly Irwin back to Fort Bliss, where he was placed under additional observation by a medical team. After around a full week, Irwin was declared back to full health. But, try telling that to Irwin. Only a couple of days after he got the green-light to return to work, Irwin collapsed in a dead faint. He failed to remember the names and faces of the people who had taken care of him on his return to his base. Things got even weirder: in an almost hypnotic state he got a bus ticket to Utah and headed out to the scene of the incident which had caused so much puzzlement and concern. Not only that, in leaving his post, Irwin was officially AWOL – something which would come back to cause significant problems with his superior officers, which is hardly surprising. In somewhat of a daze, Irwin then walked back to Cedar City. While Irwin was certainly in big trouble with his commanding officers – he received a fine and a loss of rank – more intriguing was the response of the medical people who were required to continue to observe Irwin and try and figure out what had happened to him on that lonely, dark night.
Certainly, one of the most notable pieces of evidence that has surfaced via the Freedom of Information Act is a document prepared by a Captain Valentine, who was Irwin’s psychiatrist while he was undergoing treatment for his strange condition. On March 27, 1959, Irwin was injected with sodium amytal. It provoked a strange response from Irwin, which caught Captain Valentine’s deep attention. In his official report on this particular drug-induced session, the captain wrote: “[Irwin] stated there was a ‘special intelligence’ that he couldn’t explain to me, since it would be incomprehensible to me, which has directed him not to remember or not to tell me about any of the events in Utah. He says that if he tells what was behind the incidents in Utah there will be a ‘big investigation’ that he does not want to be bothered with and also because it will harm many people and he doesn’t want that to happen. He states ‘it’ all began at the age of three years,’ although he will not reveal how or what began, stating that it would provide a clue to me as to what is behind all this. Also, he informed me that he could leave this hospital any time if he wanted to by invoking a special force. Following this interview the patient stated he could remember nothing of what he said during it.”
Notably, David Booher – a UFO researcher who has carefully investigated the Irwin saga – says of Irwin’s statement made to Captain Valentine: “It’s intriguing that Gerry speaks of an intelligence which ‘directed him not to remember or not to tell me about any of the events in Utah.’ As we know, in the decades that followed this would become a very common theme in the alien abduction literature, i.e. having memories blocked and/or being warned against telling others about the experience.” The Freedom of Information Act has also shown that the military, despite dosing Irwin with drugs to try and uncover the true story of that night in the desert in 1959, drew nothing but blanks. But, the words of Captain Valentine strongly suggest he suspected that there was much more to the story than met the eye – and particularly so considering that Irwin had alluded to the fact that something happened to him “at the age of three.” It should be noted that alien abduction phenomena very often begins in early childhood. The case of Private First Class Bernard G. Irwin is a most important one.
NASA Study Highlights Importance of Surface Shadows in Moon Water Puzzle
NASA Study Highlights Importance of Surface Shadows in Moon Water Puzzle
The Moon is covered with craters and rocks, creating a surface “roughness” that casts shadows, as seen in this photograph from the 1972 Apollo 17 mission. These cold shadows may allow water ice to accumulate as frost even at daytime. The area of detail is highlighted in the following illustration. Credits: NASA
The shadows cast by the roughness of the Moon’s surface create small cold spots for water ice to accumulate even during the harsh lunar daytime.
Scientists are confident that water ice can be found at the Moon’s poles inside permanently shadowed craters – in other words, craters that never receive sunlight. But observations show water ice is also present across much of the lunar surface, even during daytime. This is a puzzle: Previous computer models suggested any water ice that forms during the lunar night should quickly burn off as the Sun climbs overhead.
“Over a decade ago, spacecraft detected the possible presence of water on the dayside surface of the Moon, and this was confirmed by NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy [SOFIA] in 2020,” said Björn Davidsson, a scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. “These observations were, at first, counterintuitive: Water shouldn’t survive in that harsh environment. This challenges our understanding of the lunar surface and raises intriguing questions about how volatiles, like water ice, can survive on airless bodies.”
In a new study, Davidsson and co-author Sona Hosseini, a research and instrument scientist at JPL, suggest that shadows created by the “roughness” of the lunar surface provide refuge for water ice, enabling it to form as surface frost far from the Moon’s poles. They also explain how the Moon’s exosphere (the tenuous gases that act like a thin atmosphere) may have a significant role to play in this puzzle.
This illustration zooms in on the area of detail indicated in the previous photo, showing how shadows enable water ice to survive on the sunlit lunar surface. When shadows move as the Sun tracks overhead, the exposed frost lingers long enough to be detected by spacecraft. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Water Traps and Frost Pockets
Many computer models simplify the lunar surface, rendering it flat and featureless. As a result, it’s often assumed that the surface far from the poles heats up uniformly during lunar daytime, which would make it impossible for water ice to remain on the sunlit surface for long.
So how is it that water is being detected on the Moon beyond permanently shadowed regions? One explanation for the detection is that water molecules may be trapped inside rock or the impact glass created by the incredible heat and pressure of meteorite strikes. Fused within these materials, as this hypothesis suggests, the water can remain on the surface even when heated by the Sun while creating the signal that was detected by SOFIA.
But one problem with this idea is that observations of the lunar surface show that the amount of water decreases before noon (when sunlight is at its peak) and increases in the afternoon. This indicates that the water may be moving from one location to another through the lunar day, which would be impossible if they are trapped inside lunar rock or impact glass.
Davidsson and Hosseini revised the computer model to factor in the surface roughness apparent in images from the Apollo missions from 1969 to 1972, which show a lunar surface strewn with boulders and pockmarked with craters, creating lots of shady areas even near noon. By factoring this surface roughness into their computer models, Davidsson and Hosseini explain how it’s possible for frost to form in the small shadows and why the distribution of water changes throughout the day.
Because there is no thick atmosphere to distribute heat around the surface, extremely cold, shaded areas, where temperatures may plummet to about minus 350 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 210 degrees Celsius), can neighbor hot areas exposed to the Sun, where temperatures may reach as high as 240 Fahrenheit (120 Celsius).
As the Sun tracks through the lunar day, the surface frost that may accumulate in these cold, shaded areas is slowly exposed to sunlight and cycled into the Moon’s exosphere. The water molecules then refreeze onto the surface, reaccumulating as frost in other cold, shaded locations.
“Frost is far more mobile than trapped water,” said Davidsson. “Therefore, this model provides a new mechanism that explains how water moves between the lunar surface and the thin lunar atmosphere.”
Davidsson and Hosseini revised the computer model to factor in the surface roughness apparent in images from the Apollo missions from 1969 to 1972, which show a lunar surface strewn with boulders and pockmarked with craters, creating lots of shady areas even near noon. By factoring this surface roughness into their computer models, Davidsson and Hosseini explain how it’s possible for frost to form in the small shadows and why the distribution of water changes throughout the day.
Because there is no thick atmosphere to distribute heat around the surface, extremely cold, shaded areas, where temperatures may plummet to about minus 350 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 210 degrees Celsius), can neighbor hot areas exposed to the Sun, where temperatures may reach as high as 240 Fahrenheit (120 Celsius).
As the Sun tracks through the lunar day, the surface frost that may accumulate in these cold, shaded areas is slowly exposed to sunlight and cycled into the Moon’s exosphere. The water molecules then refreeze onto the surface, reaccumulating as frost in other cold, shaded locations.
“Frost is far more mobile than trapped water,” said Davidsson. “Therefore, this model provides a new mechanism that explains how water moves between the lunar surface and the thin lunar atmosphere.”
One hypothesis is that water molecules are trapped within lunar material (left). But a new study posits that water molecules (right) remain as frost on the surface in cold shadows and move to other cold locations via the thin exosphere. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech
A Closer Look
While this isn’t the first study to consider surface roughness when calculating lunar surface temperatures, previous work did not take into account how shadows would affect the capability of water molecules to remain on the surface during daytime as frost. This new study is important because it helps us to better understand how lunar water is released into, and removed from, the Moon’s exosphere.
“Understanding water as a resource is essential for NASA and commercial endeavors for future human lunar exploration,” Hosseini said. “If water is available in the form of frost in sunlit regions of the Moon, future explorers may use it as a resource for fuel and drinking water. But first, we need to figure out how the exosphere and surface interact and what role that plays in the cycle.”
To test this theory, Hosseini is leading a team to develop ultra-miniature sensors to measure the faint signals from water ice. The Heterodyne OH Lunar Miniaturized Spectrometer (HOLMS) is being developed to be used on small stationary landers or autonomous rovers – like JPL’s Autonomous Pop-Up Flat Folding Explorer Robot (A-PUFFER), for example – that may be sent to the Moon in the future to make direct measurements of hydroxyl (a molecule that contains one hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom).
Hydroxyl, which is a molecular cousin of water (a molecule with two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom), can serve as an indicator of how much water may be present in the exosphere. Both water and hydroxyl could be created by meteorite impacts and through solar wind particles hitting the lunar surface, so measuring the presence of these molecules in the Moon’s exosphere can reveal how much water is being created while also showing how it moves from place to place. But time is of the essence to make those measurements.
“The current lunar exploration by several nations and private companies indicates significant artificial changes to the lunar environment in the near future,” said Hosseini. “If this trend continues, we will lose the opportunity to understand the natural lunar environment, particularly the water that is cycling through the Moon’s pristine exosphere. Consequently, the advanced development of ultra-compact, high-sensitivity instruments is of critical importance and urgency.”
The researchers point out that this new study could help us better understand the role shadows play in the accumulation of water ice and gas molecules beyond the Moon, such as on Mars or even on the particles in Saturn rings.
In October of last year, NASA revealed that their Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) had confirmed the presence of water on the moon’s sunlit surface. More specifically, the amount of water was about the same as what would fit in a 12-ounce bottle and it was discovered in a cubic meter of soil in the Clavius Crater.
While that was incredibly exciting news, scientists were still baffled as to how water could be present during the hot daytime temperatures on the lunar surface. The daytime temperature on the sunlit surface can reach temperatures as high as 260 degrees Fahrenheit (127 degrees Celsius). To put this into better perspective, water boils at an average temperature of 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius) depending on where you are located.
So, if the sunlit surface is hot enough to boil water, why is there still water ice in certain areas? According to a new study by NASA scientists, the “roughness” of the lunar surface in addition to its shadows could help to keep it from evaporating.
A previous study published in 2009 stated that the amount of water on the lunar surface changed throughout the day – there was less water before noon (the hottest part of the day) but when the temperatures cooled down in the afternoon, the amount increased. This suggested that some of the water was able to move around from being boiled to freezing over again. However, the thermophysical models used in that study were conducted on a mostly flat lunar surface. Another paper was published last year that described how water could have been held in small “cold traps” across the lunar surface.
In this most recent study, the researchers focused on desorption (a phenomenon where a substance is released through or from a surface) in addition to using a much more accurate model of the actual lunar surface. In fact, astrophysicist Björn Davidsson from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and JPL researcher Sona Hosseini referenced photos taken from the Apollo missions in order to update their model to a lot rougher lunar surface with craters and boulders.
In this new model, they realized that the roughness on the moon created shadows that kept the surface cool enough for the water to move around and not evaporate as Davidsson explained, “Frost is far more mobile than trapped water,” adding, “Therefore, this model provides a new mechanism that explains how water moves between the lunar surface and the thin lunar atmosphere.”
The researchers detailed their findings the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society which read in part, “The model of the surface temperature of the Moon described in this paper has significant implications for understanding the presence and evolution of water on the lunar surface.” “It is of critical importance to take account of the surface roughness to get an accurate picture of the amount of water on the surface of the Moon.”
An illustration depicting the shadows on the rough lunar surface can be seen here.
If you’re into UFOs, you’ll know of the wave of activity that occurred in the skies of the United States in the latter part of the 1890s. Then, during the Second World War, there were the Foo Fighters. And, when the Second World War was over, we had the Ghost Rockets of Scandinavia. Flying Saucers followed within a year. In the early 1990s, the Black Triangles put in appearances, but never really went away. There’s another important time-frame to all of this, however. I’m talking about the very earliest years of the 1900s. You may not know, but there are some classic cases from that period, and particularly from 1909. Let’s begin. Nigel Wright is a long-time UFO researcher based in England, and – with Jonathan Downes, the director of the British-based Center for Fortean Zoology – the co-author of the book, The Rising of the Moon, which is a fine study of paranormal phenomena that I recommend to one and all. In their book, Nigel cites a report that he found within the May 21, 1909 edition of England’s Exmouth Journal newspaper, and, to which, are attached definitive M.I.B. overtones. Titled Invasion Scares – Queer Stories from Humberside, the article reads as follows: “A strange story was told the Yorkshire Post, Grimsby correspondent by workmen from Killingholm near Immingham new dock works on Tuesday night. They declared that they were seated at noon on the roadside at Killingholm, when a large motor car drove up and two men alighted who walked to the bank on which the workmen were seated and asked if any airships [italics mine]had been recently seen near. The workmen replied: ‘No,’ whereupon the motorists asked the distance between Killingholm and Spurn, and whether any mines were laid in the Humber between the two places. The workmen referred their interrogators to a coastguard, saying he would be able to answer them. It does not matter,’ replied the motorists, and, after enquiring the way to the nearest refreshment house, they jumped into their car and drove quickly away.” Now, onto another case from that early period:
Brett Holman, who has extensively studied this issue, says: “On the night of 23 March 1909, a police constable named Kettle saw a most unusual thing: a strange, cigar-shaped craft passing over the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire. His friends were skeptical, but his story was corroborated, to an extent, by Mr Banyard and Mrs Day, both of nearby March, who separately saw something similar two nights later. In fact, these incidents were only the prelude to a series of several dozen such sightings throughout April and especially May, mostly from East Anglia and South Wales.” In May of the same year, the LondonStandard newspaper told its readers that with “few exceptions” the witnesses described seeing “a torpedo-shaped object, possessing two powerful searchlights, which comes out early at night.”
Artist’s rendering of the airship purportedly seen during late 1896 and into the summer of 1897.
May 18, 1909 was the night on which one of the most amazing encounters occurred. A Mr. C. Lethbridge was walking to his Roland Street, Cardiff home, via the 271-meter-high Caerphilly Mountain. As he did so, Lethbridge was astonished by the sight of a cigar-shaped vehicle – in excess of forty-feet in length – which was sitting on the grass, at the edge of a mountain road. In his very own words… “When I turned the bend at the summit I was surprised to see a long tube-shaped affair on the grass on the roadside, with two men busily engaged with something nearby. They attracted my close attention because of their peculiar getup; they appeared to have big heavy fur coats and fur caps fitting tightly over their heads. I was rather frightened, but I continued to go on until I was within twenty yards of them, and then my idea as to their clothing was confirmed.
“The noise of my little spring cart seemed to attract them, and when they saw me they jumped up and jabbered furiously to each other in a strange lingo — Welsh or something else; it was certainly not English. They hurriedly collected something off the ground, and then I was really frightened. The long thing on the ground rose up slowly. I was standing still at the time, quite amazed, and when it was hanging a few feet off the ground the men jumped into a kind of little carriage suspended from it, and gradually the whole affair and the men rose in the air in a zigzag fashion. When they had cleared the telegraph wires that pass over the mountain, two lights like electric lamps shone out, and the thing went higher into the air, and sailed away towards Cardiff.” It seems that 1909 was a hotbed for UFO activity in the U.K.!
To save our readers from trawling through its pages, we at indy100 have put together eight key takeaways from the report.
Here they are:
1. There is not enough evidence to prove the existence of alien life... but there’s also not enough evidence to rule it out
When the report looked into those 144 reported sightings, investigators said they didn’t find any extra-terrestrial connections.
But, with the data available, there wasn’t also wasn’t sufficient evidence to come up with an explanation.
“Of the 144 reports we are dealing with here, we have no clear indications that there is any non-terrestrial explanation for them - but we will go wherever the data takes us,” a senior official said.
2. Authorities created five categories to explain different sightings
The report came up with five potential explanatory categories to decipher what a sighting could possibly be, the five explanations are:
Airborne clutter,
Natural atmospheric phenomena,
U.S. government or American industry developmental programs,
Foreign adversary systems
“Other”
3. Only one of the sightings had an explanation
One sightings was attributed to a large, deflating balloon which was categorised as “airborne clutter”.
But what about the other 143 reported sightings?
4. For most reported sightings, there wasn’t enough evidence to provide a conclusive explanation
After investigating the claims, the report concluded there was too little information to even generally characterise the rest of the sightings
5. Of the 144 sightings , witnesses in 18 of them saw ‘unusual’ patterns of movement or flight characteristics
More analysis is needed in order to see if those sightings were a result of “breakthrough” technology, the report added.
6. There were 11 UAP near-misses reported by pilots
A small number also reported “processed radio frequency energy associated with UAP sightings.”
The report also stated that around 80 reports involved detection by multiple sensors.
7. The report found no links to Russia or China
There was no “clear indication” of any links to foreign powers such as Russia and China, but most reported sightings didn’t have enough information to go by.
8. The Pentagon now plans to ‘formalise’ its investigation into UAPs
The Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force has recognised that reporting “lacked sufficient specificity, ultimately recognised that a unique, tailored reporting process was required to provide sufficient data for analysis of UAP events.”
So maybe one day we’ll know if extra-terrestrial list exists.
The sightings were categorised into five categories: airborne clutter, natural atmospheric phenomena, U.S. government or American industry developmental programs, foreign adversary systems and “other.”
Only one out of the 144 sightings could be explained as “airborne clutter” while the rest were categorized as “other” as there wasn’t enough conclusive evidence to provide an explanation.
A woman has taken to TikTok to share ‘evidence’ of a bizarre backyard discovery – which she believes to be a UFO.
Ally (@allymurray222) opened the viral video by saying, “If anybody from conspiracy TikTok is here um, I think you’d be interested in the UFO I just found in my backyard.”
(@allymurray222 / TikTok)
The clip, which has since racked up 2.3 million views, showed a large metal disc planted in the floor, with what appears to be a small entrance.
While many follower theories flooded the comments. One joked, “That’s what 5G looked like in the 80s.”
Another pointed out, “Lol, technically you’re right. Unidentified flying object.”
“Ummmmm, I don’t want to burst your bubble, but storm shelters in the south – some of them look just like this”, one TikTok user commented.
Ally has since followed up with a second part of the video, where she gives followers a closer look at her discovery. She explains how it’s “completely out here in the middle of nowhere” with “nothing for a mile in any direction.”
The strange object has Mario Cart mushroom-style graffiti on it
(@allymurray222 / TikTok)
The TikToker then continues to show viewers “what they’ve all been waiting for” – the inside of the ‘UFO’ – which –unfortunately, is nowhere near as exciting as anticipated. In an anti-climatic twist, the interior is full of rocks and water due to monsoon season.
The monsoon flooded the inside of the alleged UFO
(@allymurray222 / TikTok)
In a third and final clip, Ally said: “I know for a fact it’s not actually a UFO”, but would “sooner believe it was a UFO than a satellite.”
Really fast UFO filmed over Isla Cristina, Spain 2-Jul-2021
Really fast UFO filmed over Isla Cristina, Spain 2-Jul-2021
This really fast object was filmed in the sky above Isla Cristina, a city and municipality located in the province of Huelva, Spain on 2nd July 2021.
Witness report (Google translate):
I was in the living room managing the security camera with a Wi-Fi connection previously installed on the roof of the house. I turned on the infrared lamp from the laptop in the device software a few minutes later I saw an object passing by at high speed so I started recording the video. I was able to follow the trajectory of it by controlling the software.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
