The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
02-10-2021
Mysterious Flashing Comet Defies the Rules of Cometary Behavior
Mysterious Flashing Comet Defies the Rules of Cometary Behavior
Comets are a favorite space rock of amateur astronomers for many reasons – they’re often seen without a telescope, their tails tale them easy to fins, some return on a regular scale and a few end up in rock songs. However, they’re mostly just icy rock balls and don’t do anything special – except for Comet 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, better known as Comet 29P, the flashing comet. The what? What’s making it flash?
29P Schwassmann Wachmann orbit (NASA)
“Some are calling this a super outburst. This requires an immense amount of energy. We don’t know. And that’s what makes it so interesting.”
Dr. Maria Womack, an astrophysicist at the National Science Foundation, told The New York Times that the 37-mile-wide 29P comet doesn’t act like the ice ball it is – it is constantly blasting off gas and dust as it orbits the Sun every 14.6 years in a nearly circular orbit … a real oddity in our solar system. Discovered in 1927 by German astronomers Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Arthur Wachmann, it has an unusual brightness range between 12 and 16 magnitude. However, when it hits 16, it occasionally goes superbright and can reach 21 magnitude. 29P averages an amazing 7.3 bursts per year but their timing is unpredictable as is their brightness, so what happened last week was unexpected and unbelievable … 29P emitted four consecutive outbursts.
Current Status and Latest Observations:
STOP PRESS – Fourth outburst on 2021 09 27.6+/-0.2 almost 9 times greater intensity than the first two events !!!!
STOP PRESS – Third outburst on 2021 09 27.0 almost 5 times greater intensity than the former two events. Time between each pair of outbursts ~20 h
LATEST: An outburst of about 2.5 mag amplitude appears to have occurred on 2021 September 25.34 +/-0.005 followed about 20 hours later by another outburst of similar intensity
Two images of the Comet 29P’s outbursts captured by the University of Texas McDonald Observatory in Fort Davis this month.
Richard Miles, director of the asteroids and remote planets section of the British Astronomical Association, is the project lead on the MISSION 29P website, which keeps track of 29P activity and issued those news bursts as the comet bursts happened. According to Sky and Telescope, Miles thinks 29P’s first massive outburst triggered the next and so on until they stopped at four. No other comet in the solar systems flares with this frequency and intensity.
29P Schwassmann Wachmann
(NASA)
However, no astronomer can answer the big question. They speculate the flares could be caused by carbon monoxide heating up and erupting into space – a process called cryovolcanism where sunlight weakens 29P’s crust, allowing cryomagma made up of carbon monoxide and other slushy ices to vigorously bubble out like champagne from a shaken bottle. Or the flares could be caused by a cometary landslide or even a cometary quake causing a piece to break off. Dr. Kacper Wierzchoś, an astronomer at the University of Arizona, had an observation that we all can relate to.
“Who knows?”
That means they’ll keep on watching and reporting on the MISSION 29P website.
The Flashing Comets would be a great name for a band … as long as the social media algorithms don’t censor it.
A view of 29P made by Pieter-Jan Dekelver at the Observatory Gromme in Maasmechelen, Belgium.
One of the more spectacular types of UFO accounts are of these objects coming down to crash on earth, and these have been reported from all over the world. The scene here is the small, picturesque town of Megas Platanos, a small village just outside of Athens, in central Greece. It is a serene, rural place, infused with history and mostly populated by goat and sheep herders and farmers, a place where not much ever really happens, but all of that would change in the very early morning hours of September 2, 1990, when at around 3 a.m. some of the villagers saw a strange scene playing out in the sky above. As these simple folk looked up, they saw between six and one dozen brightly lit objects sailing through the air silently, and these objects were seen to change course numerous times, first passing over Mount Pentelicus and heading north past the city of Thessaloniki, then sharply turning to go south. At some point, one of the objects began to wobble and fly erratically, with the color and intensity of its light changing as well, and things would only get weirder from there, turning into what many have called “The Greek Roswell.”
The object in question seemed to be in some sort of trouble, steadily losing altitude and obviously not flying straight, until it suddenly dropped down to smash into a small hill called Tympristo. There were apparently quite a few witnesses to this event. One shepherd claimed that it had come down just 500 feet away from him to spew fire, while another family called the Karadratus claimed to have seen the object hurtling toward the ground in flames, and they would say of it:
After falling, the object made black smoke, like that of burning tires. After a while, the other objects descended near the grounded craft and landed around it, as if encircling it. The lights of the other objects were so bright that they illuminated part of the hill. We were standing there, watching. My husband and I went closer for a better look. He could see movement in front of the burning object, like shadows that passed back and forth but we could not discern if they were human or something else. They did something in the bright circle that formed around the big object.
After the object had come down, many witnesses claim that the remaining objects in the sky hovered over the location for some time and began dipping down close to the ground and shooting back up again, as if they were rescuing their friends. Although only a few people had witnessed the actual crash, there were many more who had been awakened by a sound like and explosion and had come out to see these lights bobbing up and down above the site. Villagers were afraid to go anywhere near the site until the following day, when things would get even stranger still.
The following morning, some people warily made their way out to where the object had come down. Not only was there scorched earth and trees that were still hot to the touch, but there was allegedly an oval hole in the ground containing a small metallic object with two antennas on it, as well as what appeared to be an engraving of a shape that looked like a lightning bolt. There were also scattered pieces of metallic debris and wires, and before long police had been notified and arrived for an investigation. When they arrived, they were given some of the pieces that had been found, but they concluded that it had not been a plane crash, but rather just a brush fire, something which all present denied. The Greek Air Force also converged on the scene and were also quick to write it all off as nothing but a fire. The Air Force would whisk off some shards and the round object with the antenna, after which they would explain it away, saying of it all in their report:
We certify that the object in question burned grass and shrubs within a radius of 200 meters. The debris collected was as follows: Pieces of an 11cm diameter female plug made of copper and with Arabic numerals in its center. A series of copper multipin cables, connected to the aforementioned plug. The insulation of these cables was made of silk, such as cloth and teflon. A burnt rubber circular cover. A steel ring. Three 10cm steel bars each. At the bottom two regulators with the Greek letter F at their base. The debris found was of earthly origin, given that there were numerical and alphabetical indications. It was old technology, possible pieces of an old satellite. This conclusion was based on measurements, wiring and construction. The satellite must be from Europe or the former Soviet Union, as only in these parts of the world is the metric system in meters and centimeters. On the letter F, it is from the Soviet Union since that country uses this Greek letter in its Cyrillic alphabet and also has the technology for such a device.
Witnesses were sure of what they had seen, and insisted it was no satellite that had come down, and that the other objects had hovered there over the crash site for some tie on their “rescue operation,” and they also denied that there had been any Greek letter F on the wreckage. but for authorities the case was closed. They would say it was either a satellite, a jet, or a helicopter that had come down, but this seems odd because if that were the case then where was the rest? Another expert theorized that it had been a meteor, with the director of the Astronomical institute of the National Observatory of Athens stating:
These are not just extraterrestrials. At this time (September 1990) the orbit of the Earth passes near a flock of meteors, the so-called Persians. These meteorites, as they enter the Earth’s atmosphere at a height of about one hundred kilometers, due to their high speed, develop a high friction and ignite. So the world sees flashes. When it comes to meteors, they may be artificial satellites. As many pieces of the satellite are destroyed, they also ignite in the atmosphere. Finally, the phenomena may also be due to abnormal refractions or reflections in the atmosphere from lights on the earth. Even the lights of a range of cars can cause such a spectacular sight. Everything else is devoid of seriousness and is due to fantasy or group hysteria.
Again, the people who had seen it disputed this, and Greek UFO researchers were also skeptical of the official reports. Indeed, they suspected that these official remarks were false, and also found that the witnesses to the actual event had never even been properly interviewed. Curiously, the incident was also mostly absent from the press, with very little coverage on it, and most of what there was simply speaking of a downed satellite. Indeed, to this day it remains a mostly obscure case only known of through the testimonies of villagers in the area gleaned from intrepid Greek ufologists. What happened on that night out in the countryside of Greece, and what is the real story? It looks like we may never know for sure.
Artist impression of BepiColombo flying by Mercury on 1 October 2021. The spacecraft makes nine gravity assist manoeuvres (one of Earth, two of Venus and six of Mercury) before entering orbit around the innermost planet of the Solar System in 2025. Credit: ESA/ATG medialab
The ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury will make the first of six flybys of its destination planet on 1 October before entering orbit in 2025.
Hot on the heels of its last Venus flyby in August, the spacecraft's next exciting encounter is with Mercury at 23:34 UTC on 1 October (01:34 CEST 2 October). It will swoop by the planet at an altitude of about 200 km, capturing imagery and science data that will give scientists a tantalizing first taste of what's to come in the main mission.
The mission comprises two science orbiters which will be delivered into complementary orbits around the planet by the Mercury Transfer Module in 2025. The ESA-led Mercury Planetary Orbiter and the JAXA-led Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, Mio, will study all aspects of this mysterious inner planet from its core to surface processes, magnetic field and exosphere, to better understand the origin and evolution of a planet close to its parent star.
BepiColombo will make use of nine planetary flybys in total: one at Earth, two at Venus, and six at Mercury, together with the spacecraft's solar electric propulsion system, to help steer into Mercury orbit.
On track for Mercury slingshot
Gravitational flybys require extremely precise deep-space navigation work, ensuring that the spacecraft is on the correct approach trajectory.
Visualisation of BepiColombo flying by Mercury on 1 October 2021. The spacecraft makes nine gravity assist manoeuvres (one of Earth, two of Venus and six of Mercury) before entering orbit around the innermost planet of the Solar System. The closest approach is at 23:34 UTC on 1 October (01:34 CEST 2 October) at a distance of about 200 km. BepiColombo is an international collaboration between ESA and JAXA. Credit: ESA/ATG medialab
One week after BepiColombo's last flyby on 10 August, a correction maneuver was performed to nudge the craft a little for this first flyby of Mercury, targeting an altitude of 200 km. At present, the craft is predicted to pass the innermost planet at 198 km, and small adjustments can easily be made with solar electric propulsion maneuvers after the swing-by. As BepiColombo is more than 100 million km away from Earth, with light taking 350 seconds (about six minutes) to reach it, being on target to within just two kilometers is no easy feat.
"It is because of our remarkable ground stations that we know where our spacecraft is with such precision. With this information, the Flight Dynamics team at ESOC know just how much we need to maneuver, to be in the right place for Mercury's gravitational assist," explains Elsa Montagnon, Spacecraft Operations Manager for the mission.
"As is often the case, our mission's path has been planned so meticulously that no further correction maneuvers are expected for this upcoming flyby. BepiColombo is on track."
First glimpse of Mercury
During the flybys it is not possible to take high-resolution imagery with the main science camera because it is shielded by the transfer module while the spacecraft is in cruise configuration. However, two of BepiColombo's three monitoring cameras (MCAMs) will be taking photos from about five minutes after the time of close approach and up to four hours later. Because BepiColombo is arriving on the planet's nightside, conditions are not ideal to take images directly at the closest approach, thus the closest image will be captured from a distance of about 1000 km.
The first image to be downlinked will be from about 30 minutes after closest approach, and is expected to be available for public release at around 08:00 CEST on Saturday morning. The close approach and subsequent images will be downlinked one by one during Saturday morning.
Key moments during BepiColombo’s first Mercury flyby on 1 October 2021, which will see the spacecraft pass within 200 km of the planet at 23:34 UTC. While many of the in situ instruments will be on and collecting data as usual, two of BepiColombo’s three monitoring cameras will also be activated shortly after close approach. The images will be downlinked later in the morning of 2 October. Not to scale: the relative sizes of planets and spacecraft, and the attitude of the spacecraft is not representative. Credit: European Space Agency
The cameras provide black-and-white snapshots in 1,024 x 1,024 pixel resolution, and are positioned on the Mercury Transfer Module such that they also capture the spacecraft's solar arrays and antennas. As the spacecraft changes its orientation during the flyby, Mercury will be seen passing behind the spacecraft structural elements.
In general, MCAM-2 will point towards the northern hemisphere of Mercury, while MCAM-3 will point towards the southern hemisphere. During the half hour following the close approach, imaging will alternate between the two cameras. Later imaging will be performed by MCAM-3.
For the closest images it should be possible to identify large impact craters on the planet's surface. Mercury has a heavily cratered surface much like the appearance of Earth's Moon, plotting its 4.6 billion year history. Mapping the surface of Mercury and analyzing its composition will help scientists understand more about its formation and evolution.
Even though BepiColombo is in 'stacked' cruise configuration for the flybys, it will be possible to operate some of the science instruments on both planetary orbiters, allowing a first taste of the planet's magnetic, plasma and particle environment.
"We're really looking forward to seeing the first results from measurements taken so close to Mercury's surface," says Johannes Benkhoff, ESA's BepiColombo project scientist. "When I started working as project scientist on BepiColombo in January 2008, NASA's Messenger mission had its first flyby at Mercury. Now it's our turn. It's a fantastic feeling!"
Het Europese ruimtetuig op missie naar Mercurius, BepiColombo, is in de nacht van vrijdag op zaterdag voor het eerst langs die planeet gevlogen. De sonde vloog minder dan 200 kilometer boven de oppervlakte van de planeet, maakte foto’s en deed metingen. Daarna ging hij weer verder.
Enkele uren na de flyby of scheervlucht van BepiColombo langs Mercurius deelde de Europese ruimtevaartorganisatie Esa een foto die de sonde van Mercurius had gemaakt. De eerste foto gemaakt tijdens de flyby is dertig minuten na de manoeuvres naar de aarde gestuurd.
De foto werd gemaakt op 1.000 kilometer afstand, dus niet op het moment dat de sonde het dichtste bij was, op 200 kilometer. Dit komt doordat BepiColombo langs de donkere kant van de planeet vloog op het moment dat de planeet het dichtste bij was.
BepiColombo werd in oktober 2018 gelanceerd. De sonde bestaat uit twee satellieten, een Europese en een Japanse, en moet in 2025 in een baan om de binnenste planeet van ons zonnestelsel komen. Daar gaan de apparaten onder meer onderzoeken hoe de planeet is opgebouwd. Ook heeft BepiColombo het doel om uit te zoeken hoe een planeet kan ontstaan als ze dicht om een ster draait.
Om Mercurius te bereiken maakt BepiColombo negen vluchten relatief dicht bij een planeet. Het deed dat één keer langs de aarde, twee keer langs Venus en nu volgen zes vluchten langs Mercurius. De laatste vlucht langs Venus vond plaats in augustus. Deze manoeuvres zorgen ervoor dat BepiColombo de juiste snelheid en de juiste koers bereikt om veilig in een baan rond Mercurius te kunnen draaien.
Mercurius is de binnenste en kleinste planeet van ons zonnestelsel. Mercurius is lastig te onderzoeken omdat deze dicht bij de zon staat en telescopen beschadigd kunnen raken door het felle licht van de zon als ze direct naar de planeet kijken. Alleen de Nasa-missies Mariner 10 en Messenger gingen BepiColombo voor met een vlucht langs Mercurius.
Artist impression of BepiColombo flying by Mercury on 1 October 2021. The spacecraft makes nine gravity assist manoeuvres (one of Earth, two of Venus and six of Mercury) before entering orbit around the innermost planet of the Solar System in 2025.
Steve Quayle & Tim Alberino: Giants, Super Soldiers, and the Days of Noah
Steve Quayle & Tim Alberino: Giants, Super Soldiers, and the Days of Noah
Steve Quayle is a researcher and author of over a dozen books dealing with advanced ancient technology and civilizations. His documentary film production company Gensix Productions films the “True Legends The Series” all over the world in search of the Lost Cities and the giants of history who were the builders of the great megalithic structures of the ancient world.
Steve is a former talk radio show host who has been warning against genetic armageddon and the end of the human race for decades. He claims transhumanism and the hybrid age is the most dangerous advancement in the technological war against humanity in history.
What is it? Strange Lights in Sky Caught on Camera in the Moon
What is it? Strange Lights in Sky Caught on Camera in the Moon
In Moon, amateur astronomers have been thrown into a fright after a bizarre story emerged regarding astronomers being scared at a moon location by what has been described as a “strange lights”.
That and more strange events caught on tape. Real or fake? Video here:
The DUMBs Deep Underground Military Complex Called
The DUMBs Deep Underground Military Complex Called "Raven Rock Mountain Complex" and More
In America alone there are over 120 Deep Underground Military Bases situated under most major cities, US AFBs, US Navy Bases and US Army Bases, as well as underneath FEMA Military Training Camps and DHS control centers. There are also many Deep Underground Military Bases under Canada.
Almost all of these bases are over 2 miles underground and have diameters ranging from 10 miles up to 30 miles across! They have been building these bases day and night, unceasingly, since the 1940s. These bases are basically large cities underground connected by high-speed magneto-levity trains that have speeds up to 1500 MPH.
The Black Projects sidestep the authority of Congress, which as we know is illegal. There is much hard evidence out there. Many will react with fear, terror and paranoia, but you must snap out of it and wake up from the brainwashing your media pumps into your heads all day long.
What do you think? Let us know in the comments. Hope everyone has a great week.
White Orb Over Hill In Odenton, Maryland Sept 30, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
White Orb Over Hill In Odenton, Maryland Sept 30, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Sept 30, 2021 Location of sighting: Odenton, Maryland, USA Source: MUFON
Here we have a glowing white sphere that a man noticed when going for a walk to get some exercise. The UFO hovered over the treetops in the distance and almost seemed to be watching, observing them. This is the same UFO seen the next day at Stacy, Minnesota in an earlier post today. Absolutely amazing...this UFO is hanging around the area for over two days, but in two different states! Fantastic capture and cool he was with his family who also were eyewitnesses. 100% proof that aliens are watching us.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
Hovering above tree tops. Emitting light, no sound. Not sure if revolving of if clouds were blowing by creating illusion of revolving. I have video. I take the same walk path several times a week. That night I saw something very different. I recorded some of it. It was not back the next night.
Glowing Object Over Stacy, Minnesota On Oct 1, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing Object Over Stacy, Minnesota On Oct 1, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Oct 1, 2021
Location of sighting: Stacy, Minnesota, USA
News Source:MUFON
Wow, just look at it! This UFO is moving really fast and is nearly the size of the moon. The glowing object moves across the sky and behind the trees in under 18 seconds, now thats fast. Thats 100% proof that this is not the moon. This is amazing! This craft is huge and its really moving. The city of Stacy has a low population of around 1,500 residents so don't expect a lot of reports or a lot of videos of it in such a low populated area. Fantastic sighting and shows how it moves, its speed, its size its shape...just wonderful! This is undeniable proof that aliens are flying over American cities.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
First observation seemed to be a satellite until I saw a satellite cross its path and then the satellite was blocked by cloud cover. Moved straight across sky over my house northwest to northeast below the clouds then disappeared from view. Caught the last moments of my sighting on camera as it appeard to slow down. I ran around to the other side of my house to see it for just a moment before it vanished.
UFO Filmed Being Followed By An Airplane Over Dehradun, India. September 24, 2021
UFO Filmed Being Followed By An Airplane Over Dehradun, India. September 24, 2021
This object was sighted over Dehradun, The capital of the Indian state of Uttarakhand, near the Himalayan foothills. This object was witnessed by multiple people with one stating the following "it was very close and totally silent" another add "This was literally above Sahastradhara road. It was not a plane not a helicopter but looked like a bus. I was like was i the only one who saw this?"
Many thanks to the individuals that filmed this sighting:
In an interesting new study, researchers have revealed that several ancient volcanic eruptions actually helped the dinosaurs to dominate the planet and thrive for so many millions of years. The volcanic eruptions started happening about 230 million years ago which caused significant changes to the environment and ecology such as Earth’s carbon cycle as well as the climate.
Researchers came to this conclusion by studying sediment and fossil plant records that came from a lake in the Jiyuan Basin in the northern part of China. They noticed that there was more humidity and higher temperatures that were caused by extreme volcanism and climatic shifts. These environmental changes included the CPE’s (Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode) “mega monsoon” climate around 234 to 232 million years ago. When these changes occurred, massive amounts of marine creatures were wiped out, conifer trees increased in numbers, and dinosaurs became dominant.
Jason Hilton, who is a professor of paleobotany and paleoenvironments at the University of Birmingham in Britain and a co-author of the study, went into further details, “Within the space of two million years the world’s animal and plant life underwent major changes including selective extinctions in the marine realm and diversification of plant and animal groups on land,” adding, “These events coincide with a remarkable interval of intense rainfall known as the Carnian Pluvial Episode.”
As a matter of fact, the researchers separated the shift that lasted two million years into four episodes that were each caused by a volcanic pulse. These events allowed more carbon to be released into our atmosphere which ended up making our planet warmer and caused large amounts of rain to fall.
Dr. Sarah Greene, who is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Birmingham as well as being another co-author of the study, weighed in by noting, “Our results show that large volcanic eruptions can occur in multiple, discrete pulses – demonstrating their powerful ability to alter the global carbon cycle, cause climate and hydrological disruption and drive evolutionary processes.”
While these climatic shifts gave rise to the dinosaurs, experts still aren’t clear as to the reasoning behind it as explained by Emma Dunne who is a paleobiologist at the University of Birmingham but was not involved in the study, “This relatively long period of volcanic activity and environmental change would have had considerable consequences for animals on land.” “At this time, the dinosaurs had just begun to diversify, and it’s likely that without this event, they would never have reached their ecological dominance we see over the next 150 million years.”
Well, at least the dinosaurs benefited from the numerous volcanic eruptions that took place millions of years ago – until the asteroid wiped them out 66 million years ago.
The study was published in the journal PNASwhere it can be read in full.
For many recent nighttime observers in North America and Europe, strange glowing lights may have made an appearance in the evening skies.
Although they may have looked otherworldly in appearance, these phenomena were of the celestial variety, rather than indications of extraterrestrial visitation.
On Monday, a powerful geomagnetic storm was logged by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), who predicted that resulting displays of the aurora borealis could have been visible as far south as New York, Wisconsin, and Washington.
Geomagnetic storms occur when Earth’s sun ejects energy in the form of highly charged particles that strike the magnetic field that encircles our planet. As the particles collide with our planet’s magnetic shielding, it creates the famous dancing auroral displays, which under the right conditions can be very colorful and vivid.
NOAA features an online aurora forecast that provides real-time updates on when and where auroral appearances will be visible to nighttime viewers in the northern hemisphere. Similarly, viewers further south may occasionally be able to spot the aurora australis, the southern counterpart to the aurora borealis, which can be seen from various locales in the southern hemisphere.
However, the aurora borealis probably wasn’t the only thing causing the appearances of eerie lights in the night sky over parts of North America this week.
Probably not in this case, according to the American Meteor Society (AMS), who received videos of the nighttime intruder from North Carolinians who managed to film it, and said the object was a bright fireball.
The AMS says it was one of a handful of similar fireball sightings that occurred across North America last Friday night.
The meteor apparently cut through the atmosphere at a height of around 48 miles as it entered above Jacksonville, North Carolina. Observers estimate that it traveled at speeds nearing 32,000 miles per hour as it burned along.
According to its outlook for the dates encompassing when the sighting occurred, the AMS said that the estimated total hourly meteor rate for observers had been near 2 for observers in northern latitudes, and 1 as seen from tropical southern locations.
“The actual rates will also depend on factors such as personal light and motion perception, local weather conditions, alertness, and experience in watching meteor activity,” the AMS outlook read, adding that “Rates are reduced due to moonlight during this period,” and that “observers viewing from urban areas will see less activity as only the brighter meteors will be visible from such locations.”
Like auroras, the dynamics of meteors are well understood, although there have been a variety of anomalous occurrences associated with each of these phenomena, namely involving unusual sounds associated with the passage of bright fireballs through the sky. These noises that often accompany meteors have long baffled astronomers, because they cannot easily be reconciled as being produced by the objects burning through the sky since observers often report them simultaneously, as opposed to several seconds (or even minutes) later, allowing time for such sounds to travel.
While some phenomena associated with meteors does obviously remain mysterious, recent sightings of unusual things in the night sky over the Northern Hemisphere do seem to have a reasonable explanation, this time.
Some of the Moon’s Craters are so Dark, it Takes AI to see What’s Inside Them
Some of the Moon’s Craters are so Dark, it Takes AI to see What’s Inside Them
There is no dark side of the Moon. But there are dark spots on it – specifically at the bottom of craters that are never reached by any sunlight no matter where the Moon is facing. These areas have intrigued scientists for decades, in no small part because lack of sunlight means a lower temperature, allowing frozen materials to stay frozen. In other words, there may be water in them thar craters. And water will be the lifeblood of any future permanent crewed lunar mission.
Unfortunately, lack of sunlight also means it’s challenging to see what’s at the bottom of those craters. The closest scientists have come was when LCROSS, a NASA moon mission, fired a projectile into the crater Cabeus and analyzed the resultant dust cloud, which contained a relatively high amount of water. But so far, no one has been able to image what water is in those craters directly.
Some of the craters at the lunar south pole that were part of the study. Credit – MPS / University of Oxford / NASA Ames Research Center / FDL / SETI Institute
That is not to say the craters are illuminated at all. Even when they are not in direct sunlight, reflected sunlight, some of which might have bounced off nearby hills, is still channeled into the crater. But any images captured using that reflected light are too “noisy” to make out any detailed features.
Enter a new technique developed by scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS) in Germany. They used an AI algorithm called the Hyper-effective nOise Removal U-net Software (HORUS). HORUS’s primary goal is to “clean up” the noisy images of the bottom of unlit craters collected by other spacecraft, such as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). In addition to removing noise, the software must also correct for other factors, such as the movement of LRO itself.
UT video discussing how we can utilize water on the Moon.
Despite such difficulties, the researchers used 70,000 images from LRO to calibrate the software, which was then unleashed upon 17 different permanently dark regions at the lunar south pole. The largest area studied was 54 sq km, while the smallest was a mere 0.18 sq km.
With the new software, the image of the bottom of the crater is improved significantly. Unfortunately, the photos don’t show any direct evidence of water, such as bright patches that would indicate ice. However, any crewed mission that wants to look for water in or under the regolith of these craters will first need to know what terrain it is entering. Defining such terrain is where HORUS shines – the researchers could make out geological features a few meters across, which could be potentially hazardous to a lander or rover.
The same crater with (right) and without (left) details filled in by HORUS. Credit – Left: NASA/LROC/GSFC/ASU; Right: MPS/University of Oxford/NASA Ames Research Center/FDL/SETI Institute
This was the first step toward exploring these previously invisible parts of the Moon. With luck, someday, humans will be able to explore these areas safely, and with even more luck, they might find a source of an essential ingredient of all Earth-bound life.
An almost 4000-year-old clay tablet displays an early form of applied geometry practiced by the ancient Babylonians, thousands of years before the math was initially thought to have been discovered.
BACKGROUND: DID THE BABYLONIANS HAVE GEOMETRY?
Trigonometry was largely understood to have been first discovered by the Greeks around the second century BCE. The word itself came from a combination of the Greek words for ‘earth’ and ‘measure.’
Prominent figures such as Euclid and Pythagoras created foundations and theorems that were instrumental in advancing the understanding of mathematics throughout the western world. Some of their work is still being used in current modern applications, such as Pythagoras’ theorem regarding right triangles.
While the Greeks may have had the greatest impact worldwide with their mathematical discoveries, it would eventually be revealed that they were not the first. In 2017, researchers at the University of New South Wales found a famous Babylonian tablet from 3,700 years ago, known as “Plimpton 322,” that contained a trigonometric table inscribed on it. It had sequences of numbers that are known as Pythagorean triples, despite it being thousands of years before Pythagoras lived when the tablet was used.
The Plimpton 322 clay tablet, with numbers written in cuneiform script. (Image Source: Wikicommons)
ANALYSIS: THE ANCIENTS WERE MATH NERDS
Dr. Daniel Mansfield of the University of New South Wales, who was a part of the same team that discovered Plimpton 322 in 2017, revealed that a different clay tablet from the same time period in Babylonia contained the oldest known record of applied geometry.
The tablet, known as “Si.427,” contains mathematical and legal records of land transactions at the time. It was discovered first in 1894 in what is now the province of Baghdad in Iraq—finding it proved to be a journey in itself for Mansfield, and efforts to decipher it tacked on further months of effort.
The tablet, similar to Plimpton 322, also displays the use of Pythagorean triples to make proper right angles. Si.427’s purpose regarding land has also led to researchers hypothesizing that one of the potential reasons Babylonians were interested in these more advanced forms of mathematics was to create accurate partitions and borders of their land.
The Babylonians created their own solutions, with the boundaries displayed on several additional tablets showcasing an apparent mastery of geographical and trigonometric properties. According to Dr. Mansfield, the Pythagorean triples used on the clay tablets is especially interesting because of their variety. An easy way to create a right angle is to create a triangle with a 3-4-5 pattern, with the largest number being attributed to the hypotenuse. The Babylonians used several different Pythagorean triples to accomplish the same goal, despite their numeric system making it particularly difficult and overall limiting in which triples can be created.
OUTLOOK: ANCIENT MATH AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FUTURE
From a historical perspective, the implications of these discoveries are relatively clear. The Babylonians possessed a significant understanding of geometry and trigonometry before it was even a thought in the minds of their alleged progenitors.
When it comes to Dr. Mansfield, his next move is to figure out the full extent of applications that ancient Babylonians used, what he refers to as, “proto-trigonometry” for. In addition to the information displayed on the front, Si.427’s backside contains a uniquely puzzling mystery that Mansfield hopes to soon crack. In large writing on the back of the tablet are the numbers: 25:29, written in this sexagesimal format. No one currently knows what these numbers mean, or even what they could potentially be referring to or measuring. However, Mansfield has stated he would like to work with other historians and mathematicians to develop theories as to what they may be.
Liam Stewart is a junior at NYU studying Journalism and Political Science. He is currently covering Science, Space, and Technology at The Debrief.
“A race of Venus came to planet Earth millions of years ago”
“A race of Venus came to planet Earth millions of years ago”
The Ancient Astronaut theory is being taken more and more seriously by science. But who were these beings and where did they come from? According to a new hypothesis, some of these beings could come from Venus.
According to science, Venus is an inhospitable place.
In recent years, the existence of extraterrestrial life in scientific nuclei has been discussed more , reaching the point of questioning whether we have not been visited for thousands of years. A new theory could show that beings from Venus came to Earth long before humans evolved.
Beings of Venus on Earth?
For decades, NASA has shown various aspects of the physical nature of Venus, thanks to space probes.
Spokesmen for exploration missions have stated that its environment is extremely hostile , with air laden with carbon dioxide and infernal barometric pressure . It also has a heat that exceeds 100 degrees Celsius along with dense clouds of sulfuric acid.
In short, on Venus it would be impossible for life to be born. But a declassified archive from 1989, which is practically unknown , could change our perception of that world.
The document relates to the different contacts that have existed between Earth and Venus and how the inhabitants of the latter came thousands of years ago , and continued to come to “meet” the human being.
They even talk about the “selection” of people they have had over the years, highlighting people from the field, the humble, even scientists and government officials.
This declassified document presents, then, a direct contradiction to what NASA has explained about the inhospitable nature of Venus.
Obviously, many people prefer to trust what science has said and forget everything that changes the official version .
However, there is a question … Why was a document that, supposedly, contradictory, was classified and kept hidden for more than 30 years?
Obviously, theorists around the world have started to make statements, blaming NASA and the elites for hiding information about space.
Venusians have been visiting Earth for thousands of years.
“They want to help humanity”
If scientists, the only ones with the ability to study beyond Earth’s borders, have lied to us in the past, why not distrust their information about Venus?
The possibility of life on Venus completely changes general thinking about our Solar System. This is because we have been led to believe that the galaxy is an immense desert with only one oasis; the earth.
Obviously, there is another possibility; that terrestrial technology is not advanced enough to locate life on that planet.
According to this report, we can understand that the civilization of Venus managed to solve all the problems that afflict humanity today. An example of this are wars, crime, corruption and other issues that do so much damage to society in general.
This is due to the development of peaceful collective values that are based on respect, understanding and love. Through their frequent contacts with different personalities on Earth, Venusians came to offer us help in solving all these issues that prevent us from evolving as humanity.
The problem is that this support is always accompanied by a request for the abandonment of weapons of mass destruction. Reason that makes us understand why this document has been classified and, subsequently, hidden.
If there is a developed civilization on Venus and NASA has hidden it or does not know of its existence, it is something that we will probably never know. However, if we manage to make contact with a civilization that supports us in our evolution, would we react correctly?
Mars' surface was carved by fast and furious floods from overflowing craters 3.5 billion years ago – with enough water released in a matter of weeks to completely fill Lake Superior, study finds
Mars' surface was carved by fast and furious floods from overflowing craters 3.5 billion years ago – with enough water released in a matter of weeks to completely fill Lake Superior, study finds
Researchers show how 262 breached lakes on the Red Planet shaped its surface
Water released at huge craters caused the formation of river valleys, they claim
This water eroded the natural Martian sediment to leave the deep river valleys
3.5 billion years ago, water moved around Mars between crater lakes via rivers
Mars' surface was carved by fast and furious floods from overflowing crater lakes 3.5 billion years ago, a new study says.
Researchers in Texas have used satellite images to determine how 262 breached lakes on the Red Planet shaped the Martian surface.
The floods, which probably lasted mere weeks, eroded more than enough sediment to completely fill Lake Superior and Lake Ontario, they say.
Although there's no liquid water on Mars today, about 4.3 billion years ago the Red Planet had enough water to cover its entire surface in a liquid layer about 450 feet (137 meters) deep, according to NASA.
Fast forward to 3.5 billion years ago, and this water was more scarce – channeled around the planet between crater lakes via rivers, much like on Earth today.
Floods at these lakes created river valleys with high walls of jagged rock on either side, much like Earth's own impressive modern-day canyons.
A coloured topographical image showing river valleys on Mars. The outlet canyon Loire Vallis (white line) formed from the overflow of a lake in Parana Basin (outlined in white). Black lines indicate other river valleys formed by processes other than lake overflows. Image is approximately 400 miles (650 kilometres) across
Mars was not always a big dry rusty rock like it is today. Perhaps about 4.3 billion years ago, Mars would have had enough water to cover its entire surface in a liquid layer about 450 feet (137 meters) deep
RIVER VALLEYS ON MARS
The cratered highlands of Mars have many river valleys that formed in a water-rich environment about 4.5 to 3.7 billion years ago.
Erosion since then has been slow, leaving these old features preserved.
Later, massive outflows of groundwater formed flood channels tens to hundreds of kilometers wide and perhaps over 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) long.
River valley networks begin near crater rims and other high ridges and wind through the cratered landscape.
Source: Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum
'If we think about how sediment was being moved across the landscape on ancient Mars, lake breach floods were a really important process globally,' said lead author Tim Goudge, an assistant professor at the UT Jackson School of Geosciences, the University of Texas at Austin.
'And this is a bit of a surprising result because they've been thought of as one-off anomalies for so long.'
The researchers think the furious floods were triggered either by the water filling up in the crater lake interior to the point where it started spilling over the edge; or as the lake filled up with water, the pressure from that water on the inside of the crater caused the crater rim to fail, allowing water to flow out.
'In either way, once the water started rushing out of the lake, it would begin rapidly carving an exit breach and canyon, allowing more water to flow out, and continuing so on in a runaway process until it eventually couldn't erode any more,' Professor Goudge told MailOnline.
The researcher also said he thinks more water was available early in Mars' early history, but that it never did completely cover the planet.
On Earth, river erosion – the constant wearing away of the river bed and banks by the force of water – is usually a slow-going process.
Over years and years, coastal land recedes as the force of the water breaks off sediment.
But on Mars, massive floods from overflowing crater lakes had an outsized role in shaping the Martian surface, carving deep chasms and moving vast amounts of sediment.
Crater lakes were common on Mars billions of years ago when the Red Planet had liquid water on its surface. Some craters could hold a small sea's worth of water.
But when the water became too much to hold, it would breach the edge of the crater, causing catastrophic flooding that carved river valleys in its wake.
A 2019 study led by Goudge, published in the in the journal Geology, determined that these events happened rapidly.
Remote sensing images taken by satellites orbiting Mars have allowed scientists to study the remains of breached Martian crater lakes.
The remains of a former crater lake on Mars surrounded by other smaller craters. The large outlet canyon (the spindly blue dent in the upper left) formed during a crater breach event
A global map of Mars showing river valleys around the Red Planet. River valleys formed by crater lake breaches are in white. River valleys that formed gradually over time are in black
MARS IS 'TOO SMALL' TO RETAIN LQUID WATER, SAYS STUDY
Mars once had flowing liquid water, but is now a dry desert landscape - and this could be because it is too small to retain moisture, a 2021 study said.
About half the size of Earth, Mars sits at the very outer edge of the habitable zone where liquid water 'could flow'.
There's 'irrefutable evidence' that Mars once had liquid water, including in the Jezero crater where Perseverance rover is now based, but this study suggests it didn't last long.
Researchers at Washington University in St Louis studied the chemical makeup of Mars meteorites.
These rocks revealed Mars didn't have the necessary chemistry in its structure to hold onto water long-term.
However, the crater lakes and their river valleys have mostly been studied on an individual basis, Goudge said.
This is the first study to investigate how the 262 breached lakes across the Red Planet shaped the Martian surface as a whole.
For the study, the researchers reviewed a preexisting catalog of river valleys on Mars and classifying them into two categories – valleys that got their start at a crater's edge and valleys that formed elsewhere on the landscape.
Valleys that got their start at a crater's edge indicates they formed during a lake breach flood, while valleys that formed elsewhere on the landscape suggests a more gradual formation over time.
From there, the scientists compared the depth, length and volume of the different valley types and found that river valleys formed by crater lake breaches erode nearly a quarter of the Red Planet's river valley volume despite making up only 3 per cent of total valley length.
'This discrepancy is accounted for by the fact that outlet canyons are significantly deeper than other valleys,' said study co-author Alexander Morgan, a research scientist at the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona.
At 559 feet (170.5 meters), the median depth of a breach river valley is more than twice that of other river valleys created more gradually over time, which have a median depth of about 254 feet (77.5 meters).
In addition, although the chasms appeared in a geologic instant, they may have had a lasting effect on the surrounding landscape.
Floods at Martian lakes created river valleys with high walls of jagged rock on either side, much like the impressive canyons on Earth today. Pictured, the Colorado River as it flows through Marble Canyon prior to entering the infamous Grand Canyon in northern Arizona
The study suggests that the breaches scoured canyons so deep they may have influenced the formation of other nearby river valleys.
The authors said this is a potential alternative explanation for unique Martian river valley topography that is usually attributed to climate.
On Earth, river erosion is a slow and steady process in most cases, but that doesn't mean it will work that way on other worlds, according to Goudge.
'When you fill [the craters] with water, it's a lot of stored energy there to be released,' Goudge said. 'It makes sense that Mars might tip, in this case, toward being shaped by catastrophism more than the Earth.'
The new study has been published today in the journal Nature.
WAS MARS EVER HOME TO LIQUID WATER?
Evidence of water on Mars dates back to the Mariner 9 mission, which arrived in 1971. It revealed clues of water erosion in river beds and canyons as well as weather fronts and fogs.
Viking orbiters that followed caused a revolution in our ideas about water on Mars by showing how floods broke through dams and carved deep valleys.
Mars is currently in the middle of an ice age, and before this study, scientists believed liquid water could not exist on its surface.
In June 2013, Curiosity found powerful evidence that water good enough to drink once flowed on Mars.
In September of the same year, the first scoop of soil analysed by Curiosity revealed that fine materials on the surface of the planet contain two per cent water by weight.
In 2017, Scientists provided the best estimates for water on Mars, claiming it once had more liquid H2O than the Arctic Ocean - and the planet kept these oceans for more than 1.5 billion years.
The findings suggest there was ample time and water for life on Mars to thrive, but over the last 3.7 billion years the red planet has lost 87 per cent of its water - leaving it barren and dry.
Lake Breach Floods Eroded Surface of Early Mars, Study Says
Lake Breach Floods Eroded Surface of Early Mars, Study Says
Massive floods from overflowing crater lakes were responsible for eroding at least 24% of the volume of incised valleys on early Mars, according to new research led by University of Texas at Austin planetary scientists.
Valley networks and paleolake outlet canyons on Mars: (a) distribution of analyzed valley networks (black) and paleolake outlet canyons (white); gray shading indicates the combined latitude (poleward of ±30°) and age (younger than Early Hesperian) mask used for volume calculations; (b and c) examples of the early Martian landscape dissected by both valley networks (black) and paleolake outlet canyons (white); paleolake basin extents shown by semi-transparent white polygons.
Image credit: Goudge et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03860-1.
“If we think about how sediment was being moved across the landscape on ancient Mars, lake breach floods were a really important process globally,” said Dr. Tim Goudge, a researcher at the University of Texas at Austin and CIFAR.
“And this is a bit of a surprising result because they’ve been thought of as one-off anomalies for so long.”
Crater lakes were common on Mars billions of years ago when the planet had liquid water on its surface. Some craters could hold a small sea’s worth of water.
But when the water became too much to hold, it would breach the edge of the crater, causing catastrophic flooding that carved river valleys in its wake.
In 2019, Dr. Goudge and colleagues determined that these events happened rapidly.
“Remote sensing images taken by satellites orbiting Mars have allowed scientists to study the remains of breached Martian crater lakes,” he said.
“However, the crater lakes and their river valleys have mostly been studied on an individual basis. This is the first study to investigate how the 262 breached lakes across the Red Planet shaped its surface as a whole.”
The authors classified the Martian river valleys into two categories: (i) valleys that got their start at a crater’s edge, which indicates they formed during a lake breach flood; and (ii) valleys that formed elsewhere on the landscape, which suggests a more gradual formation over time.
From there, they compared the depth, length and volume of the different valley types and found that river valleys formed by crater lake breaches punch far above their weight, eroding away nearly a quarter of the planet’s river valley volume despite making up only 3% of total valley length.
“This discrepancy is accounted for by the fact that outlet canyons are significantly deeper than other valleys,” said Dr. Alexander Morgan, a researcher at the Planetary Science Institute.
At 170.5 m (559 feet), the median depth of a breach river valley is more than twice that of other river valleys created more gradually over time, which have a median depth of about 77.5 m (254 feet).
In addition, although the chasms appeared in a geologic instant, they may have had a lasting effect on the surrounding landscape.
The study suggests that the breaches scoured canyons so deep they may have influenced the formation of other nearby river valleys.
“This is a potential alternative explanation for unique Martian river valley topography that is usually attributed to climate,” the scientists said.
Their results are published in the journal Nature.
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T.A. Goudge et al. 2021. The importance of lake breach floods for valley incision on early Mars. Nature 597, 645-649; doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03860-1
Astronomers have discovered a highly-irradiated gas giant exoplanet in close-in, highly misaligned orbit around a bright star called TOI-1518.
An artist’s rendition of the ultrahot Jupiter TOI-1518b and its parent star.
Image credit: Sci-News.com.
TOI-1518 is a fast-rotating F-type star located approximately 742 light-years away in the constellation of Cepheus.
Also designated as TIC 427761355 and BD+66 1610, it is almost two times larger and more massive than the Sun.
The newfound planet, TOI-1518b, is an inflated gas giant about 1.9 times the size of Jupiter.
It orbits its parent star once every 1.9 days at a distance of 0.04 AU (astronomical units).
“The new planet falls within the category of ultrahot Jupiters, which have equilibrium temperatures exceeding 2,000 K,” said Yale University astronomer Samuel Cabot and colleagues.
“Many ultrahot Jupiters contain vaporized metals, both neutral and ionized, in their upper atmospheres.”
“These metals and molecules containing them are recognized as strong sources of opacity in the optical and near-ultraviolet regions.”
Jupiter’s Great Red Spot has always been a mysterious feature and now it’s getting even stranger with stronger winds. NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope collected the data regarding the discovery of the accelerating wind speeds.
Jupiter’s massive storm, which is known as the Great Red Spot, is located in the southern hemisphere of the planet. It was first spotted in 1831 by amateur astronomer Samuel Heinrich Schwabe; however, it could be much older than that. The crimson-colored clouds of the storm rotate in a counter-clockwise direction with speeds that are more powerful than 400 miles per hour (644 kilometers per hour). It has been shrinking in size and turning into a more circular shape rather than an oval. It has a diameter of about 10,000 miles (a little over 16,000 kilometers) which means that Earth could still fit inside of the storm.
By studying Hubble’s “storm reports”, researchers noticed that the wind speed just inside of the storm’s boundaries (this area is called the high-speed ring) accelerated as much as 8% from 2009 to 2020. On the other hand, the wind speeds close to the center of the storm are actually slower.
More specifically, Hubble detected that the wind speeds changed less than 1.6 miles per hour (2.6 kilometers per hour) each year as explained by Amy Simon from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, “We’re talking about such a small change that if you didn’t have eleven years of Hubble data, we wouldn’t know it happened.” “With Hubble we have the precision we need to spot a trend.”
Michael Wong, who is from the University of California, Berkeley, and who led the analysis, noted, “We find that the average wind speed in the Great Red Spot has been slightly increasing over the past decade,” adding, “We have one example where our analysis of the two-dimensional wind map found abrupt changes in 2017 when there was a major convective storm nearby.”
While it’s very interesting that the wind speeds have picked up, experts are uncertain as to what it means for the storm’s future as Wong stated, “That’s hard to diagnose, since Hubble can’t see the bottom of the storm very well. Anything below the cloud tops is invisible in the data.” “But it’s an interesting piece of data that can help us understand what’s fueling the Great Red Spot and how it’s maintaining energy.”
For now, Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is continuing to amaze and baffle experts at the same time. A video and images of the wind changes in the Gas Giant’s massive storm can be seen here.
By analyzing images taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope from 2009 to 2020, researchers found that the average wind speed just within the boundaries of the Great Red Spot, set off by the outer green circle, have increased by up to 8 percent from 2009 to 2020 and exceed 400 miles per hour. In contrast, the winds near the storm's innermost region, set off by a smaller green ring, are moving significantly more slowly. Both move counterclockwise.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.