Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
09-02-2022
UFOs Shock Eyewitnesses At Lebanon, Tennessee On January 18, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFOs Shock Eyewitnesses At Lebanon, Tennessee On January 18, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: January 18, 2022
Location of sighting:Lebanon, Tennessee, USA
Watch this video and you might be surprised at how many glowing UFOs you see. Four glowing objects sat over the horizon on the outskirts of Lebanon, Tennessee. The eyewitnesses were confused at what the objects could be and considered stated that the hills were clearly below the objects. The screenshot above shows four rectangle shaped craft glowing powerfully. These objects seem to be in military formation...sitting in formation until they eventually disappear together. When they disappear, that means they either shot away at faster than the speed of light, or they transported the UFOs below the surface to a hidden alien base 5-6km below the surface. Absolute proof of intelligent being visiting Earth.
10 Objects That Might Be of Extraterrestrial Origin!
10 Objects That Might Be of Extraterrestrial Origin!
Might. Remember the word “MIGHT.” There are things we know definitely come from Earth, like blancmange, and things we know definitely come from space, like David Bowie, but what if there are things ON Earth, that were secretly FROM outer-space? What if Piers Morgan was from Mars, or gin was from Jupiter? There are some things that seems so odd, so peculiar, so out-of-place that we have to wonder- is there a chance they were, originally, not of Earth? THESE areobjects that might be of extra-terrestrial origin!
THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE JUST DETECTED ITS FIRST SIGNAL
THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE JUST DETECTED ITS FIRST SIGNAL
WE'RE WATCHING THE FUTURE UNFOLD IN REAL TIME.
NASA / FUTURISM
First Light
This week NASA released the thrilling news that as the James Webb Space Telescope begins its three-month alignment process, the Webb team saw the first photons of starlight that traveled through the entire telescope, detected by the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam).
At first, the Webb’s photos will be unfocused, but scientists will fine tune the telescope over time. NASA says a team of engineers and scientists from Ball Aerospace, Space Telescope Science Institute, and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have been rehearsing the alignment and are ready to work.
“The images taken by Webb during this period will not be ‘pretty’ images like the new views of the universe Webb will unveil later this summer,” NASA’s release reports. “They strictly serve the purpose of preparing the telescope for science.”
With Time
The Webb’s journey to photographing unknown parts of the universe won’t be so different from that of its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope. According to NASA, the Hubble was conceived in the late 1960s and launched in April of 1990. By May we had our first image, shown below. Even though it was about 50 percent sharper than a ground telescope’s image of the same stars, it still wasn’t very good.
Over time the Hubble’s images got better, and in March of 1991 the first observations of Jupiter were published, including this true-color photo taken by its Wide Field/Planetary Camera.
By 1995 the Hubble had captured its now-iconic Eagle Nebula Gas Pillars, and the transition to beautiful deep space imagery was well under way. The images were sharper, arresting, and hauntingly beautiful.
Learning of the Webb’s first photon detection feels like 1990 all over again. Earth is about to embark on a new journey of discovery together, and we’ll all get to witness the Webb’s increasingly beautiful images over time. It’s pretty cool to think that a decade from now, we’ll be able to say we saw the initial, grainy images the Webb sent back as well as the amazing new features it’s sure to uncover.
Jack continues to convince his parents that unexplainable phenomena exists all around us with video evidence of shadow people, fairies and an ancient lake monster. Plus, he exposes a government secret — pyramid UFOs!
Levels of methane found in the atmosphere are 'growing dangerously fast', scientists have warned, and it could be global warming causing the rapid increase.
A report, published in Nature, was compiled by an international team that examines data gathered by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) throughout 2021.
Methane is a dangerous, powerful greenhouse gas, with sources ranging from natural wetlands, to human activity, including livestock farming.
In the new study, the team found that methane in the atmosphere had raced past 1,900 parts per billion, which is triple levels found before the industrial revolution.
This 'grim new milestone' could be linked to global warming causing a rise in wetland areas, which then produce higher levels of methane, the team said.
Methane growth started to slow down around 2000, but there was a 'mysterious uptick' around 2007, which caused researchers at the time to worry global warming was creating a 'feedback mechanism'.
Levels of methane found in the atmosphere are 'growing dangerously fast', scientists have warned, and it could be global warming causing the rapid increase through more productive tropical wetlands.
Stock image
In the new study, the team found that methane in the atmosphere had raced past 1,900 parts per billion, which is triple levels found before the industrial revolution
As a greenhouse gas, methane is 28 times as potent as CO2, according to scientists, who said that if rising temperatures are causing more methane emissions, this will lead to ever greater, and faster, increases in global average temperatures.
'Methane levels are growing dangerously fast,' Euan Nisbet, an Earth scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London, in Egham, UK told Nature.
He said the emissions, which have been accelerating, are now a major threat the global efforts to limit global warming to 3.6F above pre-industrial levels.
Because of its potency, researchers have used aircraft and satellites to track levels of methane in the atmosphere, and built computer models to understand what is driving the increase.
One explanation was direct human activities, including the expanding use of oil and gas, emissions from landfill, larger livestock herds, and wetlands.
Trends have proved to be 'enigmatic', said atmospheric chemist, Alex Turner, from the University of Washington, adding that there are no conclusive answers.
This 'grim new milestone' could be linked to global warming causing a rise in wetland areas, which then produce higher levels of methane, the team said.
Stock image
METHANE: A POTENT GREENHOUSE GAS
In 2019, methane (CH4) accounted for about 10 per cent of all US greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
Methane trapped in ice bubbles
Human activities emitting methane include leaks from natural gas systems and the raising of livestock.
Methane is also emitted by natural sources such as natural wetlands.
In addition, natural processes in soil and chemical reactions in the atmosphere help remove methane (CH4) from the atmosphere.
Methane's lifetime in the atmosphere is much shorter than carbon dioxide (CO2), but CH4 is more efficient at trapping radiation than CO2.
Pound for pound, the comparative impact of CH4 is 25 times greater than CO2 over a 100-year period.
Globally, 50-65 per cent of total CH4 emissions come from human activities.
Methane is emitted from energy, industry, agriculture, land use, and waste management activities, described below.
SOURCE: EPA
There are some clues, including through the isotpic signature of methane molecules - which normally contain carbon-12, but some have the heavier carbon-13.
Scientists found that methane produced by microbes, that have consumed carbon in the mud of a wetland, or gut of a cow, have less carbon-13 than methane produced by heat and pressure inside the planet - from fossil fuel extraction.
They compared this to the methane seen in the atmosphere, as well as methane trapped centuries ago in ice cores, or accumulated in snow.
For the two centuries after the start of the Industrial Revolution, the amount of methane containing carbon-13 has been increasing, but that reversed in 2007.
This was the year methane levels began to rise rapidly again, and scientists discovered the proportion of carbon-13 started to fall.
Researchers have put this down to an increase in microbial sources of methane over the past 15 years - which could be from livestock or more productive wetlands.
Xin Lan, from the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory in Colorado, told Nature that this was a 'powerful signature' suggesting human activities alone aren't to blame.
They used the carbon-13 in the atmospheric methane to estimate that microbes are responsible for 85 per cent of methane emission growth over the past 15 years.
The rest is down to fossil fuel extraction, through natural gas and oil recovery.
After comparing the types of methane, they then had to discover which environmental system the microbes came from - wetlands, livestock or landfill.
This is still an unanswered question, according to the Nature report, but if it is coming from tropical wetlands, which have become more productive due to increasing global temperatures, then we could be in a feedback mechanism.
The warmer it gets, the more productive the wetlands get, the more methane they produce, which leads to more warmer, more productive wetlands and more methane.
However, uncovering the source is a 'challenging problem', according to Lan, whose team are running new atmospheric models to try to trace the methane to its source.
'Is warming feeding the warming? It's an incredibly important question,' Nisbet told Nature, adding that 'as yet, no answer, but it very much looks that way.'
Even if a feedback mechanism is at play in increasing methane levels, humans aren't completely free of blame, said Lan, who estimates that human sources such as livestock, agricultural waste, landfill and fossil fuels account for 62 per cent of all methane emissions from 2007 to 2016.
Human activities emitting methane include leaks from natural gas systems and the raising of livestock. Methane is also emitted by natural sources such as natural wetlands.
Stock image
The upward trend in methane emissions continued in the past four years, which researchers put down to microbes, rather than fossil fuels. Found in livestock, wetlands and landfill
To limit the impact of any feedback mechanism, scientists say more needs to be done to reduce overall methane emission levels.
This could be done through reductions in livestock activities, fewer fossil fuel extractions and finding alternative uses for agricultural waste.
More than 100 countries signed the Global Methane Pledge at COP26 in Glasgow, with the target of cutting emissions by 30 per cent from 2020 levels by 2040.
Riley Duren, leader of the non-profit Carbon Mapper, which tracks sources of methane, said the focus should be on cutting emissions in the global south, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FARMING COWS
The livestock animals are notorious for creating large amounts of methane, which is a major contributor to global warming.
Each of the farm animals produces the equivalent of three tonnes of carbon dioxide per year and the amount of the animals is increasing with the growing need to feed a booming population.
Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases, trapping 30 times more heat than the same amount of carbon dioxide.
Scientists are investigating how feeding them various diets can make cattle more climate-friendly.
They believe feeding seaweed to dairy cows may help and are also using a herb-rich foodstuff called the Lindhof sample.
Researchers found a cow's methane emissions were reduced by more than 30 per cent when they ate ocean algae.
In research conducted by the University of California, in August, small amounts of it were mixed into the animals' feed and sweetened with molasses to disguise the salty taste.
As a result, methane emissions dropped by almost a third.
'I was extremely surprised when I saw the results,' said Professor Ermias Kebreab, the animal scientist who led the study.
'I wasn't expecting it to be that dramatic with a small amount of seaweed.'
The team now plans to conduct a further six-month study of a seaweed-infused diet in beef cattle, starting this month.
Tropical wetlands, such as the Pantanal in Brazil, are a major source of methane emissions.
Credit: Carl De Souza/AFP via Getty
Methane concentrations in the atmosphere raced past 1,900 parts per billion last year, nearly triple preindustrial levels, according to data released in January by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Scientists says the grim milestone underscores the importance of a pledge made at last year’s COP26 climate summit to curb emissions of methane, a greenhouse gas at least 28 times as potent as CO2.
The growth of methane emissions slowed around the turn of the millennium, but began a rapid and mysterious uptick around 2007. The spike has caused many researchers to worry that global warming is creating a feedback mechanism that will cause ever more methane to be released, making it even harder to rein in rising temperatures.
“Methane levels are growing dangerously fast,” says Euan Nisbet, an Earth scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London, in Egham, UK. The emissions, which seem to have accelerated in the past few years, are a major threat to the world’s goal of limiting global warming to 1.5–2 °C over pre-industrial temperatures, he says.
Source: NOAA
Enigmatic patterns
For more than a decade, researchers have deployed aircraft, taken satellite measurements and run models in an effort to understand the drivers of the increase (see ‘A worrying trend’)1,2. Potential explanations range from the expanding exploitation of oil and natural gas and rising emissions from landfill to growing livestock herds and increasing activity by microbes in wetlands3.
“The causes of the methane trends have indeed proved rather enigmatic,” says Alex Turner, an atmospheric chemist at the University of Washington in Seattle. And despite a flurry of research, Turner says he is yet to see any conclusive answers emerge.
One clue is in the isotopic signature of methane molecules. The majority of carbon is carbon-12, but methane molecules sometimes also contain the heavier isotope carbon-13. Methane generated by microbes — after they consume carbon in the mud of a wetland or in the gut of a cow, for instance — contains less 13C than does methane generated by heat and pressure inside Earth, which is released during fossil-fuel extraction.
Scientists have sought to understand the source of the mystery methane by comparing this knowledge about the production of the gas with what is observed in the atmosphere.
By studying methane trapped decades or centuries ago in ice cores and accumulated snow, as well as gas in the atmosphere, they have been able to show that for two centuries after the start of the Industrial Revolution the proportion of methane containing 13C increased4. But since 2007, when methane levels began to rise more rapidly again, the proportion of methane containing 13C began to fall (see ‘The rise and fall of methane’). Some researchers believe that this suggests that much of the increase in the past 15 years might be due to microbial sources, rather than the extraction of fossil fuels.
Source: Sylvia Michel, University of Colorado Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research
Back to the source
“It’s a powerful signal,” says Xin Lan, an atmospheric scientist at NOAA’s Global Monitoring Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, and it suggests that human activities alone are not responsible for the increase. Lan’s team has used the atmospheric 13C data to estimate that microbes are responsible for around 85% of the growth in emissions since 2007, with fossil-fuel extraction accounting for the remainder5.
The next — and most challenging — step is to try to pin down the relative contributions of microbes from various systems, such as natural wetlands or human-raised livestock and landfills. This may help determine whether warming itself is contributing to the increase, potentially via mechanisms such as increasing the productivity of tropical wetlands. To provide answers, Lan and her team are running atmospheric models to trace methane back to its source.
“Is warming feeding the warming? It’s an incredibly important question,” says Nisbet. “As yet, no answer, but it very much looks that way.”
Regardless of how this mystery plays out, humans are not off the hook. Based on their latest analysis of the isotopic trends, Lan’s team estimates that anthropogenic sources such as livestock, agricultural waste, landfill and fossil-fuel extraction accounted for about 62% of total methane emissions since from 2007 to 2016 (see ‘Where is methane coming from?’).
SOURCE: Ref. 5.
Global Methane Pledge
This means there is plenty that can be done to reduce emissions. Despite NOAA’s worrying numbers for 2021, scientists already have the knowledge to help governments take action, says Riley Duren, who leads Carbon Mapper, a non-profit consortium in Pasadena, California, that uses satellites to pinpoint the source of methane emissions.
Last month, for instance, Carbon Mapper and the Environmental Defense Fund, an advocacy group in New York City, released data revealing that 30 oil and gas facilities in the southwestern United States have collectively emitted about 100,000 tonnes of methane for at least the past three years, equivalent to the annual warming impact of half a million cars. These facilities could easily halt those emissions by preventing methane from leaking out, the groups argue.
At COP26 in Glasgow, UK, more than 100 countries signed the Global Methane Pledge to cut emissions by 30% from 2020 levels by 2030, and Duren says the emphasis must now be on action, including in low- and middle-income countries across the global south. “Tackling methane is probably the best opportunity we have to buy some time”, he says, to solve the much bigger challenge of reducing the world’s CO2 emissions.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00312-2
UPDATES & CORRECTIONS
Correction 08 February 2022: An earlier version of this story said that bacteria generate methane in wetlands and the guts of cows. Methane is emitted by microbes in these places.
References
Nisbet, E. et al.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0112 (2021).
Our Solar system was created approximately 4.8 billion years ago. A part of the scientific community believes that an extraterrestrial civilization is responsible for bringing life on Earth 3.8 billion years ago. For example, Francis Crick, a co-discoverer of the structure of DNA and 1962 Nobel Prize winner seemingly believed in the “directed panspermia,” a hypothesis that life on Earth is the product of the designs of an advanced alien civilization.
After the various UFO/UAPs declassifications, mainstream experts turned the topic into a serious discussion. Harvard Professor Avi Loeb urges the scientific community to take UFO research seriously. Dr. Loeb is one of the few insiders who uplifted the study of modern phenomena.
In 2017, Dr. Avi Loebshockedthe scientific community by announcing that the asteroid Oumuamua is of an interstellar origin and probably an alien spaceship. In his book,l “Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth,” Dr. Loeb explains why he believes the object from 2017 was an intergalactic attempt to contact Earth.
Professor Avi Loeb. Image via Public Domain
He said that it may have even been a fully functional probe that was sent towards Earth by an alien civilization: “You need to be open-minded in order to find wonderful things.” He is known for his daring hypotheses. In 2018, he also said that we are definitely not alone in the universe.
In his January 2021 interview, Dr. Loeb claimed that there is a possibility of the existence of quadrillion alien spacecraft alone in our solar system. “There should be one in every volume roughly the size of the orbit of the Earth around the sun. This is a vast area in human terms, but in the immensity of space, it’s pretty small. So it means that there are plenty of them, a quadrillion of them, inside the Oort cloud. Inside the solar system. There are lots of them,” he added.
Last year, Dr. Loeb founded the Galileo Project, which aims to provide evidence for alien technology by building a global network of telescopes, cameras, and computers to allow it to investigate UFOs. In his new interview, Dr.Loeb said “we may be mere months away from seeing the first image detailed enough to provide incontrovertible evidence that UFOs are alien spacecraft.”
The announcement of the Galileo Project came shortly after the Pentagon public its UFO footages in 2021. At the time, Dr. Loeb said: “what we see in our sky is not something that politicians or military personnel should interpret, because they were not trained as scientists, it’s for the science community to figure out.”
Dr. Loeb believed that the discovery of equipment from extraterrestrial civilizations will have a profound impact on humanity. His Galileo Project will search for such relics near Earth. He raised a few concerns in his blog which might be a big conflict if it turns out that we are not the smartest species out there.
He writes:
“Does God exist? If we mean by that: ‘someone that can create life or new universes,’ and if their scientific understanding of biology and quantum-gravity is well ahead of ours, then they might possess the abilities that our religious texts assigned to a divine power. In fact, we are close to creating synthetic life in our laboratories only a century into our recent scientific development.
What happens after death? The extraterrestrials might teach us how to extend our life expectancy by orders of magnitude with advanced technologies. If death can be postponed enough, then this question loses its urgency.
How should humans treat each other? The realization that there is a far more advanced species out there, will make our genetic variations less significant and convince us to treat each other as equal members of the human species.
What should be our long-term goals? A broader perspective of the realities far from Earth will reshape our goals in maintaining longevity by venturing into space. Our eggs should not be in only one basket.
What happened before the Big Bang? What is Dark Matter and Dark Energy? What happens inside a black hole? and other scientific puzzles. If extraterrestrial science is far more advanced than ours, we might find answers to our unsolved questions. Just as opening a random page in a recipe book does not land on the best cake possible, humans may not be the smartest beings since the Big Bang.”
Dr. Loeb’s Galileo Project is comprised of a team of over 100 scientists. According to the Harvard professor, the project’s first telescope will start operating from the roof of the Harvard college observatory in summer 2022. It will keep infrared cameras, a radio sensor, an audio sensor, and a magnetometer rolling 24/7.
Dr. Loeb has grounded hopes in finding an extraterrestrial relic/equipment through his Galileo Project. He has advised the scientific community to find a way in order to decipher the intent of an intelligent extraterrestrial equipment. He suggested that we might need to rely on our AI systems in figuring out the intent of extraterrestrial AI systems.
A pair of rocks orbiting the sun are the solar system's youngest asteroids, according to astronomers, who say they broke off from their parent body just 300 years ago.
In cosmic terms, that is very recent, a team from the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona explained, with most rocks dating back to the dawn of the solar system.
The asteroid pair, known as 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6, were detected using the Pan-STARRS1 survey telescope in Hawaii, with confirmation by the Lowell Observatory.
The two likely broke off from the same, much larger object about 300 years ago, making them the youngest known 'asteroid pair' by a factor of ten, the team said.
The largest of the pair, PR2, is just over half a mile wide, and the smallest about half that size, sitting between Mars and Jupiter in the Main Asteroid Belt.
Astronomers behind the discovery said it is most likely that the two objects, which are currently about half a million miles apart, were spun off by a large comet, and have been gradually drifting further from each other ever since.
Artist impression of the asteroid pair shortly after they split from the parent object. They will gradually become further and further separated over thousands of years
What makes them unusual is that so far no observations have revealed any evidence of comet-like behaviour, but models all point to them coming from a comet.
Most asteroids are thought to have formed during the tremulous early years of the system, when planets were forming, breaking up, and colliding with one another.
The majority reside in the area between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter known as the main asteroid belt, but these two were found a little closer to home.
They are known as Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) as their orbits bring them close to the Earth, even if they don't reside there the whole time.
These two pass by the Earth, but also go out beyond Jupiter, the team explained, adding that they pose no threat to our planet.
In 2019, scientists using the Pan-STARRS1 survey telescope in Hawaii and the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona each discovered a new NEA.
They were identified as 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6. The largest of the two measures about half a mile in diameter and the other half that size.
Astronomers discovered they had very similar orbits around the sun, and further study confirmed that they were both linked - an asteroid pair.
The largest of the pair, PR2, is just over half a mile wide, and the smallest about half that size, sitting between Mars and Jupiter in the Main Asteroid Belt
Petr Fatka of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, confirmed they were two asteroids that separated from a single parent within the past several million years.
While they have the same parent, and were discovered in a similar region of the sky as viewed from Earth, they are currently separated by half a million miles of space.
KEY FINDINGS: ASTEROID PAIR SPUN OFF FROM A COMET 300 YEARS AGO
They are D-type asteroids, which have a lower albedo than other types of space rock.
Some astronomers suggest these class of asteroid contain organic-rich silicates, carbon and anhydrous silicates, possibly with water ice in their interiors.
They appear to be something between asteroids in the main belt, and those forming in the Kuiper Belt.
If the parent body of PR2 and QR6 originated in one of these outer Solar System reservoirs, then this pair provides insight on the color affects of increased heating and irradiation experienced in an NEO orbit, the team speculated.
It is thought that the larger, PR2, is about half a mile in diameter and has a rotation of about 9.9 hours.
The smaller, QR6, is a quarter of a mile in diameter and rotates every 4.1 hours, although the rotation figures are not confirmed.
Despite speculation the parent body was a comet, they show no evidence of cometary activity.
Models suggest they split from a larger object around 300 years ago.
Their orbits have been changed and varied by the gravity of Jupiter since they first split from the unknown parent comet.
Several telescopes were used for the follow-up observations, including the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in northern Arizona.
These observations revealed very similar surface properties of both asteroids, further supporting the theory that they came from the same object.
'Thanks to the measurements performed with the LDT, it is clear that 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6 come from the same parent object and their high orbital similarity is not coincidental,' explained Fatka.
Most asteroid pairs of this time form from a process known as rotational fission, which is where a spinning asteroid reaches a critical speed.
These rocks are effectively just piles of rubble held together by gravity, and so as they spin faster the debris flies off and forms one or more new asteroids.
When they spin off they maintain a very similar orbit to the parent body, which is how the team determined these two objects had a shared heritage.
Based on multiple modeling techniques and additional observations, which included previously unnoticed detections by the Catalina Sky Survey, they found that the pair only separated within the past 300 years.
'It's very exciting to find such a young asteroid pair that was formed only about 300 years ago, which was like this morning—not even yesterday—in astronomical timescales.' The previous record holders were at least ten times older,' said Fatka.
However, finding they only split 300 years ago from a larger parent, left the astronomers with a problem. It wasn't possible for standard models of rotational fission to explain the properties found on these rocks.
'Something else had to be going on to explain their current separation,' they wrote.
The team then developed new models that assume the original body was a comet, whose jets of gas could push their orbits into the configuration seen today. This provided a viable origin story for these objects.
Nicholas Moskovitz of Lowell Observatory said this then raised further problems, as the bodies don't display any signs of cometary activity.
'So it remains a mystery how these objects could have gone from a single parent body, to individually active objects, to the inactive pair we see today in just 300 years,' he added.
Petr Fatka of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, confirmed they were two asteroids that separated from a single parent within the past several million years
It isn't currently possible to explain this problem with current data, the team explained, saying that more observations will be needed.
This will have to wait more than a decade though, as they are currently out of reach of available telescopes.
'To have a better idea about what process caused the disruption of the parent body, we have to wait until 2033 when both objects will be within the reach of our telescopes again,' said Fatka.
The team wrote in the paper: 'Targeted observations in 2033, for example with the James Webb Space Telescope, during the next perigee passage of these objects could directly probe for differences in thermal inertia.
'Indirect tests may come from NASAs upcoming DART and JANUS missions, both of which will be visiting binary asteroids.
'These missions may constrain any grain size differences between the primaries and satellites, which will provide important clues into the detailed physics of binary and asteroid pair formation and evolution.'
While most scientists are looking for asteroids and meteorites billions of year old to help unlock clues to the birth of the universe, the solar system and Earth, a few are searching instead for an asteroid nursery filled with baby rocks. That side got a big boost this week with the record-setting discovery of two so young, they may need to be burped.
“It’s very exciting to find such a young asteroid pair that was formed only about 300 years ago, which was like this morning—not even yesterday—in astronomical timescales.”
In a Lowell Observatory press release announcing the discovery of the near-Earth asteroid pair 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6, Petr Fatka of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences explains how they were discovered and why – besides their young age – these two baby space rocks are so unusual. Using the Pan-STARRS1 survey telescope in Hawaii and the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona, the near earth objects (NEA) were discovered separately at about the same time in 2019 – with 2019 PR2 measuring about one-half mile in diameter and 2019 QR6 one-quarter mile wide. Found in the Main Asteroid Best between Jupiter and Mars, they are about one million km (620,000 miles) apart – almost Siamese twins in astronomy terms. In fact, backwards analysis of the pair show they indeed broke off of the same parent comet a mere instant ago.
Asteroid Belt
“Based on multiple modeling techniques and additional observations—including recovery of previously unnoticed detections made with the Catalina Sky Survey 14 years before the discovery—the team determined that the pair separated only 300 years ago, making it the youngest known pair of asteroid pairs.”
Youngest by at least a factor of ten, according to the study published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Their surface composition confirms they broke off of the same parent in a process called rotational fission – spinning comets lose pieces that can no longer be held together by gravity. The parent comet pushes the pieces away with its jets, which explains how the two babies traveled so far in just 300 years. That can be confirmed the next time the two young rocks are in the range of the James Webb Space Telescope in 2033. The next view will hopefully explain another mystery of 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6.
Are you our Mama?
“In the present day, the bodies don’t display any signs of cometary activity. So it remains a mystery how these objects could have gone from a single parent body, to individually active objects, to the inactive pair we see today in just 300 years.”
While their parent is a comet, 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6 are a pair of inactive asteroid children. Does this mean they’re actually asteroid teenagers? Or did they come from a donor parent?
There is one thing UFO believers and UFO skeptics have in common – besides a love for one of the two stars of “The X-Files” – and that is a mutual dislike/disgust/frustration/hatred of blurry photos. While this trait is shared with Bigfoot and other cryptid fans, it’s most pronounced amongst those hoping for confirmed visible evidence and identification of strange aerial phenomena. Well, folks … your prayers, burnt offerings, magic lamp wishes and animal sacrifices have been answered. Everyone’s favorite Harvard genius astrophysicist who believes in UFOs – Abraham ‘Avi’ Loeb’ – has made a personal commitment to provide clear UFO photos and videos very soon … possibly as early as this summer.
I thought YOU had the cellphone.
“I really want the next generation to be free to discuss it, and for it to become part of the mainstream. My hope is that by getting a high resolution image of something unusual, or finding evidence for it, which is quite possible in the coming year or two, we will change it.”
In an interview with The Guardian, Loeb compares himself to a fisherman on the beach who can’t see any fish because he’s not casting a net. Loeb has two UFO nets to cast – the first is data collected by the mini-satellite network of Planet Labs which will take photos from space of the entire surface of the Earth once per day. On the ground, Loeb and his Galileo Project are setting up a worldwide network of telescopes controlled by artificial intelligence to search the skies for UFOs – learning as they go along to eliminate birds, planes, bugs, clouds and other explainable anomalies.
Between the photos from above and below, Loeb thinks a clear picture of one or many UFOs will be taken. And that’s a good thing for both sides of the discussion.
“I really want the next generation to be free to discuss it, and for it to become part of the mainstream. My hope is that by getting a high resolution image of something unusual, or finding evidence for it, which is quite possible in the coming year or two, we will change it.”
Loeb and his combined Planet Labs/Galileo Project search is not without competition. Last week, Hakan Kayal, a Professor for Space Technology at Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU) in Germany, revealed he has already set up a dual AI-controlled SkyCAM-5 camera system on a university building that has been watching for UFOs since December 2021. While Kayal may e ahead of Loeb on from-the-ground scans, he’s not incorporating satellite images. Perhaps they should join forces – it would provide a good example for the next generation and move the search for extraterrestrial intelligence even closer to the mainstream.
We needs some photos like this … only real.
Avi Loeb has always been open about his expansive beliefs in UFOs and extraterrestrials – he led the team who believed the ‘Oumuamua interstellar comet could be an ET spacecraft exploring our solar system. You can’t have big discoveries without some big ideas … even if some end up to be big mistakes.
Let’s hope Avi Loeb finds and photographs the UFOs … before someone (or something) shuts him down.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Glowing Blue Orbs Over Volcano In March 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing Blue Orbs Over Volcano In March 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: March 2021 Location of sighting: Fagradalsfjall volcano, Iceland
Here is an interesting piece of evidence by the History Channel on Youtube. They show eyewitness video of a blue orb near the mouth of a volcano in Iceland. This UFO seems to have just come out of the volcano. This confirms my earlier theory that many alien bases were created 5-6km below the surface of volcanos worldwide. This way they could avoid human interaction as much as possible. The only way to avoid it more would be to create an alien base below the ocean floor itself. This is 100% real evidence that aliens are using volcanos to avoid human interaction.
Guys, this is not just a piece of alien tech discarded on Mars. This is alien tech that the Mars rover drove next to and turned the rover around...as you can see from the trademarks near the tech. This is not just a piece of garbage discarded by aliens. This is high technology that could be thousands or even millions of years advanced to our own. This could be a handheld teleportation device that could teleport a person anywhere within 20 light years, activated by merely thinking it (telepathic controls). This could be a energy amplifier that could increase any energy weapon output by 1,000X. Now do you see where I'm going with this? Its not just technology...it could change the direction of humanity forever! The country which gets hold of it, would be forever a world power. The implications of such tech getting into any governments hands would be catastrophic!
This is an interesting discovery. Youtuber "Quick Solutions-DATA" discovered a black square that covers part of Mars rover photo. Its a sloppy job on behalf of NASA for sure. To just cover up a life form passing by with a black square. NASA of course will claim its a glitch, but we have all seen pixelization and this is nothing like that. Its one thing to see a pixel size glitch, its another to see one cover a perfect square area of 30% of a photo. This is 100% proof that there is life on Mars and NASA is trying and failing...to hide it from the public.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Unknown bright object falling apart in the sky over Mexico
Unknown bright object falling apart in the sky over Mexico
The sky over Mexico’s Cabo San Lucas was illuminated by a slow moving bright light, the nature of which is unclear.
Some are theorizing it was a meteorite or space debris, but that could actually be a UFO too that broke up upon entry into Earths atmosphere. It’s just as plausible as any other explanation at this stage.
SCIENTISTS FAIL TO SPOT ALIENS AFTER SCANNING SKIES FOR SEVEN WHOLE HOURS
SCIENTISTS FAIL TO SPOT ALIENS AFTER SCANNING SKIES FOR SEVEN WHOLE HOURS
DON'T GIVE UP THAT EASILY!
GETTY IMAGES
Scanning… Scanning…
A team of astronomers have used the Murchison Widefield Array, a massive network of over 4,000 antennas spread out over the Western Australian desert, to look for aliens.
They collected seven agonizing hours worth of data — and to their dismay, they found nothing.
As detailed in their new paper, accepted for publication in the journal Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, the team used the array to collect data while peering into the Galactic Center, centered on Sagittarius A*, the suspected supermassive black hole at the core of the Milky Way.
They looked for technosignatures of extraterrestrials at a frequency of 155 megahertz, the first search of its kind. Usually, according to CNET, astronomers have focused on lower frequencies.
“This is our largest population of known exoplanets within our four surveys with the MWA,” lead author Chenoa Tremblay, and researcher at the SETI Institute, told the site.
Fear of an Exoplanet
Exoplanets are a particularly interesting place to look for signs of alien life. A previous search back in 2013 of the same corner of the galaxy contained only 38 known exoplanets. The new search upped the total to 144.
We’re only beginning to understand what is going on at the center of our galaxy, so there could be many more planets hiding in there — we don’t even know how many stars are lurking there since there’s a lot of cosmic dust obscuring our view.
With a bit of math, the astronomers’ latest survey could theoretically have covered a vast number of star systems. Their research is based on a previous survey that classified 3.3 million stars in the vicinity — but that only accounts for an area that is less than one percent of that covered by the MWA survey.
“If we extrapolate this, we are covering billions of stellar systems out to the center of our Galaxy,” Tremblay told CNET.
Of course, just because they didn’t find aliens in this one region of the sky who happened to be communicating on a specific frequency during a particular seven-hour stretch doesn’t mean much. So we hope they keep looking.
Meet the filthy rich NASA space cadets: Axiom Space reveals its team of four VERY lucky amateur astronauts who have each paid $55m to spend eight days on the International Space Station
Meet the filthy rich NASA space cadets: Axiom Space reveals its team of four VERY lucky amateur astronauts who have each paid $55m to spend eight days on the International Space Station
Ryan Morrison For Dailymail.Com
Axiom Space AX-1 crew will travel to the ISS in a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule
They will launch from a 'flight-tested' SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on March 30
When on the station they will spend eight days carrying out experiments
Each of the four men spent $55 million for a seat on the flight and time on station
This is the first time an all civilian crew has visited the ISS at the same time
They have been put through extensive training by NASA, SpaceX and ESA
NASAhas confirmed the details of the four civilian astronauts that will spend a week living and carrying out experiments on the International Space Station in Apri
Axiom Space, the private space company developing its own module for the ISS, will operate the trip, sending the four to the station on a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule.
NASA astronaut and Axiom Space VP Michael López-Alegría will act as mission commander, alongside Larry Connor as pilot, with Mark Pathy, and Eytan Stibbe working as mission specialists during the day-long trip to the station.
Once onboard the crew, who each spent $55 million for the trip, will spend eight days carrying out a range of experiments, commercial activities and running educational sessions for children on the Earth below.
It is an international crew, with López-Alegría born in Spain but raised in California, Connor from the US, Pathy from Canada and Stibbe born in Israel.
They will launch on Wednesday, March 30, from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on a flight-proven SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.
The mission has been named AX-1, and the crew have been training at the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, and other NASA facilities, since August 2021.
This training has allowed them to become familiar with the ISS systems, scientific facilities on board and emergency procedures.
NASA started working with the Axiom mission operations team on simulations in December, to get a feel for how the first all civilian crew on the ISS would operate.
This work allowed ground control for NASA and Axiom to familiarize themselves 'with the dynamic phases of the private astronauts' flight to and from the space station.'
The U.S. space agency confirmed that they'd continue these joint simulations through the next few months, in preparation for launch on March 30.
'This represents another significant milestone in our efforts to create a low-Earth orbit economy,' said Phil McAlister, director of commercial spaceflight at NASA.
'I wish these Axiom crew members safe travels, and I hope they find their time in space productive and enjoyable.'
Once onboard the crew, who each spent $55 million for the trip, will spend eight days carrying out a range of experiments, commercial activities and running educational sessions for children on the Earth below. They will travel to the ISS in a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule
Larry Connor, Ax-1 mission pilot, entrepreneur, and non-profit activist investor, has a number of projects in collaboration with the Mayo Clinic.
Connor’s experiments on behalf of Mayo Clinic would provide data on space travel’s impact on senescent cells and heart health.
Connor is expected to be in charge of maintaining senescent cells – cells that have stopped dividing – at the ISS.
These cells are linked to multiple age-related diseases, and understanding them can help protect astronauts on long-haul trips to Mars.
Mark Pathy, Ax-1 mission specialist, is working on behalf of The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Canadian Research Universities and The Royal Canadian Geographical Society.
He is working with six Canadian universities, as well as two startups on 'proof of concept' ideas.
This includes the world’s first in-space demonstration of two-way holoportation – a mixed reality app for special lenses that receives two-way 3D projections as a hologram to communicate between users remotely.
In addition to human research, Pathy plans to lead Earth observation activities which will contribute to further analysis of the impact of climate change, urbanization, and other factors on the ecology and human habitation of North America.
Eytan Stibbe, Ax-1 mission specialist, social impact investor, and Israeli philanthropist, is working on behalf of the Ramon Foundation.
His mission is named "Rakia," after the dome (atmosphere) created by God on the second day after the firmament, which protects life on Earth.
During his mission, he will facilitate scientific experiments and will conduct educational and artistic activities to connect the younger generation in Israel and around the globe on the values of peace, innovation, and social responsibility.
For the first time, an astronaut will represent Israelis on the International Space Station in Hebrew.
Video: NASA brings new space telescope into focus (Reuters)
It isn't clear exactly what the objectives of the four AX-1 crew will be, as the final proposals won't be approved until closer to flight, NASA confirmed.
Axiom previously revealed a microgravity research portfolio the Ax-1 crew intends to undertake in orbit, in partnership with a variety of organizations on Earth.
'The goal for the Ax-1 crew is to set a standard for all future private astronaut missions in terms of our preparation and professionalism,' López-Alegría said.
'As the commander, I am proud of the work these crew members have put in to be ready to conduct meaningful work on the International Space Station and glad to see them meet the standards required of all astronauts flying to station since Expedition 1.
'Ax-1 is focused on a huge amount of science and outreach activities, and we look forward now to finalizing that flight program.'
Expedition 1 was the first launch of astronauts, from Russia and the US to the space station on November 2, 2000. The ISS has been continuously occupied since then.
That first crew, of three included NASA commander William Shepherd, alongside cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei K. Krikalev.
Axiom has also revealed that the astronauts will be taking technology built by Israeli company, Aleph Farms, to the station.
This technology involves turning cells taken from a cow into raw meat by growing the cells and turning them into muscle, fat and other components.
'Aleph's general goal is to be able to provide nutritious, tasty, sustainable food anywhere, anytime,' said Zvika Tamari, the head of space research, adding that ' stretching that to its limit is the ability to also provide nutrition in space.'
In terms of outreach, an ancient coin minted by Jewish rebels revolting against the Romans 1,900 years ago will accompany former Israeli pilot Etan Stibbe to the ISS.
Stibbe, 63, is one of three men who paid $55 million each to launch aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket for Axiom's first privately crewed mission.
The coin comes from the Bar Kokhba revolt, which took place from 132 to 136 AD and was the final of three Jewish-Roman wars that first began when Romans took control of Jerusalem in 63 AD.
It bears etchings of a palm tree on one side and a vine leaf with the inscription 'Year Two of the liberty of Israel' on the other.'
NASA recently announced the ISS had just nine years of operational life left, with plans to sink it in the South Pacific Ocean in January 2031.
Stibbe (left) will be joined by Larry Connor (right) and Mark Pathy (second right), and led by retired NASA astronaut Michael López-Alegría (second left), who has traveled to space four times and is now the vice president of Aximo Space
On the run up to that happening, the space agency plans to support commercial operators in launching privately funded and run space stations, starting with an Axiom Space module attached to the ISS.
This launch is a precursor to that module, which is expected to dock with the station by the middle of this decade, part of NASA's efforts to built a robust low-Earth orbit economy - driven by the private sector, rather than national players.
Axiom recently completed the preliminary design review of two modules that will be attached to the ISS this decade, then separate into its own free-flying station.
For more than 21 years, NASA has supported a continuous U.S. human presence in low-Earth orbit aboard the space station.
'The agency's goal is to enable a strong, commercial marketplace in low-Earth orbit with private industry where NASA is one of many customers,' a spokesperson said.
'This strategy will provide services the government needs at a lower cost, enabling the agency to focus on its Artemis missions to the Moon in preparation for Mars while continuing to use low-Earth orbit as a training and proving ground for those deep space missions.'
EXPLAINED: THE $100 BILLION INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION SITS 250 MILES ABOVE THE EARTH
The International Space Station (ISS) is a $100 billion (£80 billion) science and engineering laboratory that orbits 250 miles (400 km) above Earth.
It has been permanently staffed by rotating crews of astronauts and cosmonauts since November 2000.
Crews have come mainly from the US and Russia, but the Japanese space agency JAXA and European space agency ESA have also sent astronauts.
The International Space Station has been continuously occupied for more than 20 years and has been expended with multiple new modules added and upgrades to systems
Research conducted aboard the ISS often requires one or more of the unusual conditions present in low Earth orbit, such as low-gravity or oxygen.
ISS studies have investigated human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and meteorology.
The US space agency, NASA, spends about $3 billion (£2.4 billion) a year on the space station program, with the remaining funding coming from international partners, including Europe, Russia and Japan.
So far 244 individuals from 19 countries have visited the station, and among them eight private citizens who spent up to $50 million for their visit.
There is an ongoing debate about the future of the station beyond 2025, when it is thought some of the original structure will reach 'end of life'.
Russia, a major partner in the station, plans to launch its own orbital platform around then, with Axiom Space, a private firm, planning to send its own modules for purely commercial use to the station at the same time.
NASA, ESA, JAXA and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) are working together to build a space station in orbit around the moon, and Russia and China are working on a similar project, that would also include a base on the surface.
NASA OFFICIALLY APPROVES FIRST SPACEX TOURISTS TO VISIT SPACE STATION
NASA OFFICIALLY APPROVES FIRST SPACEX TOURISTS TO VISIT SPACE STATION
IT'S HAPPENING!
AXIOM SPACE VIA NASA
First Class
NASA just approved a crew of four private astronauts to fly up to the International Space Station with Axiom Space and SpaceX, on the first American mission of its kind. Though the rest of the crew are apparent novices, Michael López-Alegría, the mission’s commander, was previously a NASA astronaut.
Along with the Spanish-American López-Alegría, the March 30 launch also includes another American, Larry Connor, who will serve as pilot, as well as Canadian Mark Pathy and Israeli Eytan Stibbe.
Old News
Though this mission is the first completely-private mission to the ISS that’ll be funded by private spaceflight companies, it’s far from the first time private astronauts have gone to the ISS, which has been going on nearly as long as the station’s been in orbit.
The American engineer Dennis Tito takes the distinction as the world’s first “space tourist,” and he was able to spend eight days on the then-young ISS when he hitched a ride with Russia’s Roscosmos in April 2001.
Much more recently, Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa, along with his assistant Yozo Hirano, became the latest private astronauts to board the ISS in December 2021 — and they, too, were flown up on a Russian Soyuz rocket.
NASA has been far more reticent than Roscosmos to allow private astronauts to board the ISS. The US space agency didn’t even lay the groundwork for private ISS missions until 2019, when it announced a sea change that should allow for more commercial endeavors in orbit.
Indeed, in its announcement about the Axiom mission, NASA plugged its desire to stimulate a “commercial economy in low-Earth orbit,” which signals that it’s joining the consumer space race in earnest.
Legendary Hopewell Culture Destroyed By Exploding Comet, Study Says
Legendary Hopewell Culture Destroyed By Exploding Comet, Study Says
After enjoying centuries of stability, the prosperous Native American Hopewell culture suddenly went into rapid and irreversible decline around the year 500 AD. The reasons why this happened have long been a topic for speculation, and a team of researchers from the Departments of Anthropology and Geology at the University of Cincinnati (Ohio) have now joined the debate to offer a brand-new theory.
Analyzing rock samples collected from 11 archaeological sites in the Ohio River Valley, these researchers have found physical evidence that suggests an exploding comet may have played a significant role in the Hopewell peoples’ demise. The samples included the stony remnants of this disintegrating space object, which was destroyed in an airburst that distributed its debris far and wide in all directions.
These stony remnants, which are known as micrometeorites, possessed qualities that revealed their true origin.
University of Cincinnati researchers take sediment samples at a Hopewell culture site at the confluence of the Ohio and Great Miami rivers.
“Cosmic events like asteroids and comet airbursts leave behind high quantities of a rare element known as platinum," explained anthropologist and lead study author Kenneth Tankersley in a University of Cincinnati press release . "The problem is platinum also occurs in volcanic eruptions. So, we also look for another rare element found in non-terrestrial events such as meteorite impact craters—iridium. And we found a spike in both, iridium and platinum."
Based on the results of radiocarbon and typological dating procedures, the researchers concluded that this catastrophic event would have occurred sometime between the years 252 and 383 AD.
“This time period coincides with historically documented near-Earth comets and occurs immediately prior to the cultural downturn of the Hopewell ,” the University of Cincinnati researchers wrote in an article discussing their findings in Scientific Reports . “The airburst event may have created mass confusion resulting in an upheaval of the social interaction sphere.”
A magnet holds tiny micrometeorites collected from sediment samples taken from an ancient Hopewell culture site. Researchers say this evidence points to a comet airburst that devastated parts of the Ohio River Valley more than 1,500 years ago.
University of Cincinnati anthropology professor Kenneth Tankersley uses a magnet to show how micrometeorites collected at 11 Hopewell sites contain metals such as iron. UC's analysis found they also contain high levels of platinum and iridium.
Photo/Michael Miller
Previous research has revealed that the area of what is now the eastern United States experienced an epidemic of massive and ravaging wildfires during this period, which incinerated more than 9,200 square miles of forest and agricultural land. The researchers found a layer of charcoal deposits at the Hopewell culture sites along with the micrometeorites, proving that these fires had occurred during the same time period as the comet’s near-Earth explosion.
If they crash into the earth, astronomical bodies like comets and meteors can do great damage to ecosystems within the zone of impact. But if they explode in the sky, the intense heat and wind generated by the blast, plus the raining down of heavy, rocky debris from the exploding object, can cause damage and destruction over a much broader geographical area.
This is what happened in the famous Tunguska event of 1908, when a comet or meteor passed through Earth’s atmosphere and exploded in the sky over Siberia. The explosion leveled more than 800 square miles of forest, leaving behind a scarred landscape that is still visibly damaged to this very day.
University of Cincinnati anthropology student Louis Herzner, bottom, and anthropology professor Kenneth Tankersley use a scanning electron microscope in UC’s Advanced Materials Characterization Center to study iron and silicon-rich microspherules collected at ancient Hopewell sites.
Photo/Larry Sandman
Much like the Siberians who lived near Tunguska, the Hopewell survivors of the third or fourth century blast would have been surrounded by scenes of unimaginable devastation. Survivors who resided near the epicenter of the explosion, which occurred over what is now the city of Milford in southwestern Ohio, would have been especially shocked and traumatized by what they experienced.
UC professor Kenneth Tankersley explains how researchers investigated the impact a comet had on ancient Hopewell in the Ohio River Valley. UC’s Advanced Materials Characterization Center conducted scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry on sediment samples. The University of Georgia provided mass spectrometry, while the U.S. Geological Survey provided stable carbon isotope analysis.
Photo/Michael Miller
"It looks like this event was very injurious to agriculture,” said biology professor and study co-author David Lentz, noting the impact of the explosion on the food chain. “People didn't have good ways to store corn for a long period of time. Losing a crop or two would have caused widespread suffering.”
“And if the airburst leveled forests like the one in Russia,” he continued, “native people would have lost nut trees such as walnut and hickory that provided a good winter source of food. When your corn crop fails, you can usually rely on a tree crop. But if they were all destroyed, it would have been incredibly disruptive.”
Hopewell culture mounds from the Mound City Group in Ohio.
The pre-Columbian Hopewell culture was comprised of disperse settlements of Native American peoples who occupied hundreds of villages alongside rivers in what is now the northeastern and midwestern sections of the United States.
The Hopewell culture was ethnically diverse, but united through extensive trade networks that developed over the course of several centuries. The Hopewell peoples reached the peak of their prosperity during a period that ranged from approximately 200 BC to 500 AD, after which their culture experienced a swift and sudden decline.
Although they essentially disappeared as a distinct people more than 1,500 years ago, the Hopewell did not vanish without a trace. They left behind many vast and impressive complexes of large earthwork mounds, which can be found in multiple states in the vast expanses of America’s Eastern Woodlands.
These ceremonial mounds were an expression of the Hopewell culture’s cosmological and spiritual belief systems , which is revealed by their shapes, content, and alignments.
The mounds sometimes featured animals that would have been sacred to the Hopewell, and sometimes were formed into geometric shapes that likely had ritual significance or deeper spiritual meanings. Just as significantly, the locations of the mounds were not chosen at random—Hopewell mounds were carefully aligned to coincide in various ways with lunar and solar cycles, or with the movement of stars across the night sky.
In addition to their mound-building proclivities, the Hopewell were also accomplished artists and craftspeople. Hopewell archaeological sites have yielded a remarkable bounty of expertly crafted items, including pottery, sculptures, carvings, jewelry, textiles, tools, and exotic ritual artifacts. Artisans worked with metal, bone, stone, and shells, producing a broad variety of practical and decorative items that were traded freely between villages and settlements.
Before the end came, the Hopewell culture seemed to be thriving. They had lived in harmony with nature, with their gods, and with each other for hundreds of years. It is clear that only a significantly disruptive and destructive event or series of events could have brought about their culture’s sudden downfall.
The Miami Native Americans tell of a horned serpent (pictured here) that flew across the sky and dropped rocks onto the land before plummeting into the river … the Shawnee refer to a 'sky panther' that had the power to tear down forests … the Ottawa talk of a day when the Sun fell from the sky.”
"What's fascinating is that many different tribes have similar stories of the event," Professor Tankersley, who is Native American himself, said:
"The Miami tell of a horned serpent that flew across the sky and dropped rocks onto the land before plummeting into the river … the Shawnee refer to a 'sky panther' that had the power to tear down forest … the Ottawa talk of a day when the sun fell from the sky.”
Tankersley also mentions legends passed down by the Wyandot, Algonquin, and Iroquois people that describe sky-born catastrophes of apocalyptic proportions.
And there is still more. Near the epicenter of the third- or fourth-century blast lies a set of Hopewell mounds known as the Milford Earthworks. Tellingly, one of these mounds is shaped exactly like a comet.
While the evidence proving the existence of the exploding comet is strong, there is still much to be learned about its impact on the Hopewell culture.
"It's hard to know exactly what happened. We only have a few points of light in the darkness," Professor Lentz said. "But we have this area of high heat that would have been catastrophic for people in that area and beyond."
"Science is just a progress report," commented geologist Steven Meyers, another study participant. "It's not the end. We're always somewhere in the middle. As time goes on, more things will be found."
Top image: Hopewell culture serpent effigy, Turner Group, Mound 4, Little Miami Valley, Ohio.
UC anthropology professor Kenneth Tankersley poses in front of a table of ancient stone tools in his office in UC's College of Arts and Sciences. Tankersley has studied ancient peoples across North America.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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![Left to Right: Axiom Space Ax-1 Pilot Larry Connor, Commander Michael Lopez-Alegria, Mission Specialist Mark Pathy, Mission Specialist Eytan Stibbe]({"default":{"load":"default","w":"63","h":"32","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATrb6m.img?h=322&w=634&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=319&y=126"},"size3column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"32","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATrb6m.img?h=317&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=319&y=126"},"size2column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"32","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATrb6m.img?h=317&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=319&y=126"}})
![NASA has confirmed the details of the four civilian astronauts that will spend a week living and carrying out experiments on the International Space Station in April]({"default":{"load":"default","w":"63","h":"36","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq7Wr.img?h=356&w=634&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size3column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"35","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq7Wr.img?h=351&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size2column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"35","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq7Wr.img?h=351&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"}})
SpaceX on target to launch a rocket a week in 2022,...![Axiom Space, the private space company developing its own module for the ISS, will operate the trip, sending the four to the station on a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule]({"default":{"load":"default","w":"63","h":"42","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq9Zo.img?h=422&w=634&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size3column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"42","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq9Zo.img?h=416&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size2column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"42","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq9Zo.img?h=416&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"}})
![Stibbe (left) will be joined by Larry Connor (right) and Mark Pathy (second right), and led by retired NASA astronaut Michael López-Alegría (second left), who has traveled to space four times and is now the vice president of Aximo Space]({"default":{"load":"default","w":"63","h":"41","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATrh1U.img?h=413&w=630&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=308&y=139"},"size3column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"41","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATrh1U.img?h=410&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=308&y=139"},"size2column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"41","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATrh1U.img?h=410&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=308&y=139"}})
