The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
27-04-2022
ISS Camera Filmed Thousands Of Alien Spaceships Evacuating From The Earth In 2020
ISS Camera Filmed Thousands Of Alien Spaceships Evacuating From The Earth In 2020
In November 2019, during a NASA live stream, the International Space Station (ISS) captured footage of three different UFOs, where a Russian cosmonaut was heard saying “it’s a ship.” According to UFO researcher and self-proclaimed extraterrestrial life expert Scott Waring, NASA is aware of the alien spacecraftflying near the ISS.
Russian astronaut on the ISS saw alien spaceships in November 2019 Source: Express
Waring shared the clip on his YouTube channel and wrote in hisblog:
“This conversation recorded from the NASA live cam is100% proof that NASA knows about alien craft buzzing past and around the space station. When the Russian astronaut aboard the ISS said, “a ship…” The NASA ground control cut him off and said, “Copy all,” before he could finish what he was saying. She already saw it on live cam at ground control. She reacted fast, before he could talk about it too much…but he already said the most important thing he could…”a ship!” You see, even he knew it was an alien ship off the bow of the ISS. Eventually going to a red screen with no cam.
Also, did you notice the video was clear, but when the UFOs appeared…it caused a disturbance in the tech and made the video fuzzy. UFOs are known to cause electrical disturbances and to even shut down cars, trucks and watches.
So…here is 100% proof that NASA and Russia know that aliens frequently visit the space station.”
On May 18, 2020, Waring noticed that the ISS camera again captured the moment when thousands of UFOs were leaving the Earth from outer space while the ISS was between the light and dark sides of the Earth.
Waring believed the UFOs were alien in nature.
Thousands Of Alien Spaceships Evacuating
Mr. Waring said: “A few days ago a fleet of glowing UFOs was seen on the live NASA space station cam. The UFOs were pulsing and throwing as they moved forward… each at different speeds.”
We are unlikely to know whether some cataclysms are coming or the planet is threatened by something more serious. But watching what is happening right in front of our eyes is incredibly interesting.”
Then, in August 2020, another Russian cosmonaut named Ivan Vagner captured something spectacular while filming a time-lapse video of southern lights. He claimed to have captured footage of five UFOs while being on the International Space Station.
Russian astronaut Ivan Vagner shared footage of 5 UFOs taken from the ISS on his Twitter handle in August 2020
Vagner tweeted:
“Space guests, or how I filmed the new time-lapse.
The peak of aurora borealis when passing over the Antarctic in Australia’s longitude, meaning in between them. However, in the video, you will see something else, not only the aurora.”
In his tweet, he also shared a video where he said that “At 9-12 seconds, five objects appear flying alongside with the same distance.”
On October 14, 2020, during the docking of the Russian Soyuz MS-17 capsule at the ISS, many viewers spotted a mysterious white bright object spinning above the Earth. But the object was cut off the screen by zooming the camera.
A bright UFO spotted during a Russian spacecraft docking into the ISS
One viewer said: “UFO leaving Earth at 2:35 and then they zoom in.” On the other hand, some believed it was just a part of the detachment of the rocket capsule.
In the fall of 1952, ufologist Albert K. Bender announced the creation of a new research organization, the International Flying Saucer Bureau (IFSB). He was also the author of the ufology journal “Space Review” that was released in 1953. West Virginia resident Gray Barker soon offered his assistance to Bender and spoke of the Flatwood Monster case, which he was investigating with Ivan Sanderson.
In January 1953, Bender asked Barker to head the research department of the IFSB. In September, however, Bender announced that he was forced to cease his activities.
Albert K Bender
Bender said three men in black suits who identified themselves as government officials had come to see him. They threatened Bender and demanded to forget about the existence of flying saucers. By this time, the new research organization had a large network of staff in the United States and other countries.
Barker was extremely surprised and in early October, he came to Bender with several other IFSB members to try to sort out the situation. Bender knew what flying saucers really were, but remained silent.
Bender also served in the United States Air Force in WW2
Some UFO researchers concluded that Bender was indeed under pressure from government agents while others doubted it. Coral Lorenzen, the founder of UFO research APRO, wrote in the bulletin that most likely, the IFSB was funded by Palmer’s magazine who used to write science-fiction stories.
One way or another, the name of Albert Bender disappeared from the pages of ufological publications. But not forever. Ten years later, he published a book entitled “Flying Saucers and the Three Men,” in which the whole story was presented from a completely different perspective. Indeed, Bender wrote that in 1953, three men in black visited him. And they were not government agents but aliens.
They provided Bender with a piece of strange metal, shaped like a coin, with which he could communicate with them. In some time, three mysterious creatures reappeared in his house and carried Bender to some vast room, possibly inside a flying saucer. One of the creatures telepathically informed him that representatives of their race were visiting Earth for the sole purpose of “extracting useful chemicals from the earth’s oceans.”
Bender was visited by three strange creatures who threatened him to stop his research on UFOs otherwise the consequences would not be good.
According to him, aliens had settled on our planet for a long. At first, the creature seemed to be a humanoid for Bender, but then it appeared before him in its natural – extremely vile – form. However, it warned Albert Bender, and through him all the humanity, against continuing experiments with radioactive substances.
The alien said those experiments would have a negative impact on future generations.
Bender soon woke up at home, lying on his bed and feeling sick. When he tried to tell someone from the IFSB executive committee about contact with aliens, he faced misunderstanding and mistrust. What could he do? And then, Bender decided to reveal to his colleagues only part of the truth.
Albert Bender with a portrait of an alien (or MIB) visited him
He said some people warned him against further research into the UFO problem and they were very convincing. They even revealed the secret of flying saucers to him.
Bender took their threats seriously, but could not give up his research on UFOs as it had become part of his life, so he continued his work.
Later, the creatures (or MIB) visited him multiple times and during their visit, Bender’s health kept declining. They seemed to draw vital energy out of him, and much more than on the first visit.
Bender also noticed that with each visit, the eyes of the aliens got brighter and more menacingly. But still, he did not dare to give up his research, and then Bender felt completely sick.
After the second visit, he had a stomach ache, as if with an ulcer, and migraines happened every day, and after the third visit Bender began to lose weight and have problems with his eyesight or psyche, it began to seem to him that the MIB was following him even on the streets.
According to Bender, he saw the MIB in every shady nook and in the meantime, his stomach problems worsened. And then, the ufologist could not stand it. He closed his Space Review magazine, closed the international bureau, and decided to move away from UFO research. After that, his health improved. Until his death in 2016, Bender no longer talked about UFOs.
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26-04-2022
The Scientist Claims That Mushrooms Speak To Each Other In A Language Of 50 Words
The Scientist Claims That Mushrooms Speak To Each Other In A Language Of 50 Words
Andrew Adamacki, professor of computer science at the University of the West of England (UWE) in Bristol, published a study in the Royal Society Open Science that he found that fungi “communicate” with each other in a peculiar language.
This communication takes place with the help of electrical signals.
“In our work on decoding the language of mushrooms, we first looked at whether different types of mushrooms exhibit similar characteristics of electrical activity. And then we characterized the proposed mushroom language by word length and sentence complexity,” says Adamacki.
Adamacki says mushrooms, as “almost living creatures without a nervous system,” are capable of producing electrical signals. During experiments with mushrooms, he found that oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus djamor) produce electrical signals of high and low frequency, and tinder fungi of the species Ganoderma resinaceum emit electrical signals at intervals of up to 8 minutes.
Moreover, according to Adamacki, the electrical signals of these mushrooms are similar to those observed in creatures with a central nervous system (animals and humans).
Next, Adamacki decided to find out if all types of mushrooms are capable of such actions and conducted an experiment with an additional four types of mushrooms.
“We recorded the extracellular electrical activity of four fungal species, and we found evidence of the propagation of signal lines through the fungal mycelium network. We hypothesized that the electrical activity of fungi is a manifestation of ‘information exchange’ between distant parts of fungal colonies.”
In the study, Adamacki details how he and his team inserted electrodes into the ground around four types of fungus: honey agaric, chaffwort, cordyceps sinensis, and omphalotus. The electrodes were stuck into bundles of fungal mycelium (mycelium), consisting of thin branched filaments – hyphae.
They found that these mushroom “roots” seem to “communicate” with each other.
“We found that signal length distributions are similar to word length distributions in human languages. And we found that mushroom vocabulary can be up to 50 words long. Although their main lexicon of the most frequently used words does not exceed 15-20 words.”
Adamacki says that the most “talkative” species of fungus (of the ones they studied) was Schizophyllum commune, based on the amount of signals it generated. The scientist noted that mushroom electrobursts were not random, and therefore he was able to identify groups of similar signals into “words” and then groups of words into “sentences.”
And by comparing fungal words with human language, he found that their average word length was similar to the length of words in English and Russian. In an interview with The Guardian, Adamacki said he believes that mushrooms use their “language” in a similar way to how wolves use their howls to organize in a pack.
For example, some mushroom words can direct mycelial filaments to nutrients or warn them of danger. Can mushrooms determine if there is a danger near them in the form of a person picking mushrooms or a pig looking for truffles? Adamacki admits that he cannot answer this question yet, because much more research with mushrooms is needed for this.
Paddenstoelen communiceren met elkaar en gebruiken lexicon dat bestaat uit wel 50 woorden, zo suggereert nieuwe studie
Paddenstoelen en schimmels zien er misschien zwijgzaam uit, in werkelijkheid zijn het echte communicators. Dat moet althans blijken uit het onderzoek van een computerwetenschapper. In het vaktijdschrift Royal Society Open Science schrijft de onderzoeker dat het gemiddelde lexicon van verschillende schimmels bestaat uit maar liefst 50 woorden.
Eerder onderzoek had reeds aangetoond dat fungi of schimmels inderdaad met elkaar kunnen communiceren. Dat zouden ze doen met behulp van ondergrondse draadvormige verbindingen - hyfen - en elektrische impulsen. Dat is vergelijkbaar met de manier waarop neuronen informatie verwerken in het menselijk lichaam.
In het nieuwe onderzoek werden vier soorten schimmels onder de loep genomen: de rupsschimmel, het waaiertje, het fluweelpootje en de spookschimmel. Deze laatste schimmel heeft zijn naam niet gestolen en wordt zo genoemd vanwege zijn bioluminescente eigenschappen: hij licht op in het donker.
Computerwetenschapper Andrew Adamatzky (University of the West England) ging aan de slag met kleine elektroden die hij verbond met de hyfen van de schimmels. En terwijl de schimmels met elkaar communiceerden, trachtte Adamatzky te luistervinken.
Elke activiteitspiek van schimmels werd taalkundig geanalyseerd. Wat bleek? Elke piek of puls varieerde in duur en lengte waardoor er een verschillende betekenis aan gekoppeld kon worden. Zo zou er uiteindelijk sprake zijn van een lexicon van wel 50 verschillende woorden waarvan er 15 tot 20 woorden vaak gebruikt worden.
Waarom zouden schimmels met elkaar communiceren?
Wellicht communiceren schimmels om dezelfde reden waarom wolven huilen: simpelweg om elkaar te laten weten dat ze er zijn. Daarnaast kunnen ze misschien ook nieuwe voedingsbronnen signaleren aan elkaar. “Of ze zeggen helemaal niets”, suggereert Adamatzky nog. Dan zouden de geregistreerde pulsen niet meer dan een gemeten potentiaalverschil zijn.
Voordat we de taal van schimmels toevoegen aan Google Translate, is meer onderzoek vereist.
Dan Bebber, biowetenschapper die niet betrokken was bij het onderzoek
Kritiek
Andere onderzoekers, niet betrokken bij het onderzoek, zijn dan ook sceptisch. “Het onderzoek detecteert ritmische patronen in elektrische signalen. Deze patronen zijn vergelijkbaar met voedingspulsen, reeds gezien bij andere schimmels”, zegt Dan Bebber, hoofddocent Biowetenschappen aan de University of Exeter. “Hoewel het een interessant onderzoek is, de elektrische signalen interpreteren als een taal lijkt een beetje overenthousiast. Voordat we de taal van de schimmels toevoegen aan Google Translate, is meer onderzoek vereist.”
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Strangest Tree and Plant Species You Don't Believe are Real
Strangest Tree and Plant Species You Don't Believe are Real
Evolution has thrown up some odd but also some impressive looking plants and trees over time. Throughout the years, mother-nature has baffled us with her strange and unusual creations. With more than 298,000 species of plants on earth, we are surely going to find some bizarre plants among them.
Pentagon Releases Over 1,500 Pages of Declassified Encounters with Our Space Neighbors
Pentagon Releases Over 1,500 Pages of Declassified Encounters with Our Space Neighbors
Ron Jefferson
(Photo : STAFF/AFP via Getty Images)
This picture taken 26 December 2011 shows the Pentagon building in Washington, DC. The Pentagon, which is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense (DOD), is the world's largest office building by floor area, with about 6,500,000 sq ft (600,000 m2), of which 3,700,000 sq ft (340,000 m2) are used as offices. Approximately 23,000 military and civilian employees and about 3,000 non-defense support personnel work in the Pentagon.
The latest space reports confirmed that the Pentagon released more than 1,500 pages of actual accounts involving the mysterious visitors to Earth. The files show how the secretive program of the US government kept contact with the suspected life forms for many years.
According to a report by The Sun, the detailed information and images associated with the Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program or AAITP were requested by their team after the Pentagon publicized the classified information on December 18, 2017.
Defense Intelligence Agency and the Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program
(Photo: STAFF/AFP via Getty Images) This picture taken on 26 December 2011 shows the Pentagon building in Washington, DC. The Pentagon, which is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense (DOD), is the world's largest office building by floor area, with about 6,500,000 sq ft (600,000 m2), of which 3,700,000 sq ft (340,000 m2) are used as offices. Approximately 23,000 military and civilian employees and about 3,000 non-defense support personnel work in the Pentagon.
Through the Freedom of Information Act, the journalists immediately filed for copies of the said documents following the agency's announcement. After over four consecutive years, the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) of the Pentagon finally released a comprehensive issue of the project, all discussed in a 1,574-page top-secret journal.
According to the report, the documents consist of numerous scientific research and classified letters circulated to the Pentagon in studies of cosmic beings.
The goldmine shows how biological research was carried out to explain the phenomenon that people experience following first-hand contact with space neighbors. Each of the studies was categorized based on specific fields such as technology, psychology, and paranormal.
DIA said that some parts of the documents were either redacted or were not included in the release due to concerns about confidentiality and participant privacy. However, the agency emphasized that there were no accounts left-out to change or tamper with the records they publicized reasonably.
Anomalous Acute and Subacute Field Effects on Human and Biological Tissues
Among the concerning portions presented in the papers were the incident reports of biological impacts caused by the rare sightings of people. The portion is titled "Anomalous Acute and Subacute Field Effects on Human and Biological Tissues."
The DIA documents clearly stated that contacts with unknown visitors range from sleep disturbances to cardiovascular issues. Freak accounts of 'apparent abduction' and even pregnancy were written in the documents.
According to the classified papers, first-hand contacts frequently produce injuries associated with an electromagnetic type of radiation. In most cases, the reports mention 'energy-related propulsion systems.' As per the studies, these technologies serve as a 'threat to the United States' interests.'
Isolated cases revealed in the study show people being injured through 'exposures to anomalous vehicles.' The paper adds that the accounts are prominent 'especially airborne and when in close proximity,' the paper adds.
The number of medical files related to the anomaly sums to 42 cases. However, there are still 300 unpublished findings that involve other victims of the mysterious accidents.
AATIP is a branch of the Pentagon behind the peculiar investigations over our space friends. The program ran between 2007 to 2021 and was introduced to the public by its former intelligence head office Luis Elizondo.
In a protocol included in the US Acquisition Threat Support, guidelines on how to categorize 'anomalous behavior' were listed. The encounters with the class of the most bizarre individual collection are labeled 'AN3,' while encounters with space beings are labeled 'CE3.'
Developments of how we could contact the aloof neighbors and deployment of deep space ventures were also suggested in the documents.
Ion drives, like the NEXIS thruster shown here, could propel astronomical bodies large distances over long periods of time. Could they be used to migrate the entire planet? Image credit: Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Someday, the Sun will heat up enough to boil our planet’s oceans. Could moving the entire Earth away save us?
“I would argue that in any habitable zone that doesn’t boil or freeze, intelligent life is going to emerge because intelligence is convergent.” –Simon Conway Morris
Someday, in the distant future, the Earth’s oceans will boil, destroying all life on the planet’s surface and potentially rendering Earth completely inhospitable. It’s the type of global warming that no human can avert: the gradual warming that the Sun experiences by burning its core fuel over its lifetime. But there may be a way to keep the Earth inhabited if we plan a very long-term solution: migrating the entire Earth. Is this really plausible, though?
That’s what Mathieu Nisen wants to know:
I want to dream a bit: do you think it could be physically feasible to migrate the earth’s orbit with our current knowledge in science?
To find out, we need to figure out how hot it’s going to get, and how fast, in order to move the Earth quickly enough to save it.
This cutaway showcases the various regions of the surface and interior of the Sun, including the core, which is where nuclear fusion occurs. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons user Kelvinsong.
The way any star gets its energy is by fusing lighter elements into heavier ones in its core. Our Sun, in particular, fuses hydrogen into helium in regions where the core temperature exceeds 4,000,000 K. The hotter things get, the faster the rate of fusion; the very center of the core may be as hot as 15,000,000 K. This rate is almost perfectly constant, but not quite. Over very long periods of time, the percentage of hydrogen-to-helium in the core changes, causing the interior to heat up a little bit more over billions of years. When it heats up, three things happen:
It gets more luminous, meaning it outputs more total energy over time,
It swells slightly in size, increasing appreciably in radius by a few percent every billion years,
And its temperature remains almost perfectly constant, changing by less than 1%-per-billion years.
The Sun has increased in size, brightness, and temperature according to the curves above, and those three quantities will continue to evolve as shown by their respective lines into the future.
Image credit: Wikimedia Commons user RJHall, based on Ribas, Ignasi (2010).
All of this adds up to one uncomfortable fact: the amount of energy that reaches the Earth is very slowly increasing over time. For every 110 million years that pass, the solar luminosity increases by about 1%, which means that the energy reaching the Earth also rises by 1% over that exact same time. Back when the Earth was four billion years younger, our planet received barely 70% of the energy we do today. And after another one-to-two billion years, if we do nothing else to mitigate it, eventually this increase will cause a severe problem for Earth. At that point, we will hit a mean surface temperature of 373 kelvin (100 °C / 212 °F). In other words, at some point, the Sun will become so hot that the Earth’s oceans will boil.
If the surface temperature becomes too high, our planet will be unable to support the existence of liquid water on the surface. Image credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
So how can we mitigate it? There are a few potential solutions:
We can set up a series of large reflectors at the L1 Lagrange point, preventing some of the incident light from reaching the Earth.
We can geoengineer the atmosphere/albedo of our planet to reflect more light and absorb less.
We can de-greenhouse our planet, removing molecules like methane and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
We can abandon Earth and focus on terraforming outer worlds, such as Mars.
A possible pathway for the eventual terraforming of Mars to be more Earth-like.
Image credit: English Wikipedia user Ittiz.
Any of these would work, in theory, but would also require a tremendous amount of effort and ongoing maintenance.
However, the solution of migrating the Earth to a more distant orbit would be permanent! And although we’d have to push our orbit out quite considerably to keep temperatures constant, timescales of hundreds of millions of years give us plenty of time, if we need it. To cancel out an effect of a 1% increase in the luminosity of the Sun, we’d need to push Earth an additional 0.5% away from the Sun; to cancel out an increase of 20% (what we expect over the next 2 billion years, total), we need the Earth an extra 9.5% more distant than we are now. Instead of the Earth being a mean distance of 149,600,000 km from the Sun, we’d be looking at more like 164,000,000 km.
The Earth-Sun distance has not changed by much over the past 4.5 billion years. But if the Sun is going to heat up and we don’t want Earth to heat up commensurately, we should seriously consider migrating our planet outward. µImage credit: ISS Expedition 7 Crew, EOL, NASA.
This is going to take a lot of energy! To move the Earth — all six septillion (6 × 10²⁴) kilograms of it — that extra distance away from the Sun is going to change our orbital parameters by quite a bit. If we were to push Earth’s mean distance from the Sun out to 164,000,000 km (102 million miles), there would be some significant changes we’d notice:
It would take an extra 14.6% longer for the Earth to complete a single revolution around the Sun.
To maintain a stable orbit, our orbital speed would have to slow down, from 30 km/s to 28.5 km/s.
If the period of Earth’s rotation stayed the same (24 hours), we’d have 418 days in a year, instead of 365.
The Sun would appear slightly smaller in the sky — by about 10% — and the Sun’s effects on the tides would weaken by a few centimeters.
If the Sun swelled in size but Earth migrated outward, the two effects would not quite cancel; the Sun would appear slightly smaller from Earth overall. Image credit: public domain.
But in order to get the Earth out that far, we’d need to make a very big energetic change: we’d need to alter the gravitational potential energy of the Sun-Earth system. Even accounting for all the other factors, including the slower-moving Earth around the Sun, we’d have to change the Earth’s orbital energy by 4.7 × 10³⁵ Joules, which is the equivalent of 1.3 × 10²⁰ Terawatt-hours: about 10¹⁵ times humanity’s total annual energy supply. You might think that given two billion years would help, and it does, but only a little. We would need about 500,000 times the amount of energy that humanity presently generates today, globally, all pumped into migrating the planet outward in order to migrate the Earth to a safe, consistent distance.
The speed at which planets revolve around the Sun is dependent on their distance from the Sun. Migrating Earth outwards, slowly, by 9.5% ought not perturb the orbits of the other planets. Image credit: NASA / JPL.
The conversion technology is the least of our worries; the biggest concern is more fundamental: how do we get all that energy? Realistically, there’s only one place that has enough for those needs, and that is the Sun itself. At present, the Earth receives about 1,500 Watts of power per square meter from the Sun. In order to obtain enough power to migrate the Earth in the right amount of time, we’d need to build an array (in space) that collected that entire 4.7 × 10³⁵ Joules of energy, evenly, over a time period of two billion years. That means an array that’s 5 × 10¹⁵ square meters in size (and 100% efficient), or the equivalent of the entire surface area of ten Earths.
The concept of space-based solar power has been around for a long time, but no one has ever conceived of an array that’s 5 billion square kilometers in size. Image credit: NASA.
So to migrate the Earth to a higher, safe orbit, that’s what it takes: five billion square kilometers of a 100%-efficient solar array, whose energy goes entirely into pushing the Earth into a more distant orbit around the Sun for two billion years. Physically possible? Absolutely. With current technology? Not a chance. And is it practically possible? Almost definitely not, at least not with what we currently know. The reason that migrating the entire planet is so difficult is twofold: because of how strong the Sun’s gravitational pull is and how massive the Earth is. But this is the planet we have and the Sun we have, and the Sun is going to heat up, regardless of what we do. Until we find a way to gather and utilize that massive amount of energy, we’re going to need other strategies if we want to survive the ultimate global warming apocalypse!
The FBI vault contains thousands of declassified files about various mysteries of the past. The topic related to UFOs and aliens always remains the most discussed one, and the FBI has a lot of documents stored in its vault, speaking of this strange phenomenon. Memorandum 6751 is most important to the ufology, according to Former FBI Special Agent John DeSouza.
The FBI has always paid great attention to the UFO phenomenon. By the way, this confirms the old suspicions: many science fiction films are actually based on real events, whether it is leaked that the FBI purposely made to raise public awareness, or to recognize agents, existing or former, who consider it unfair to deprive the public knowledge opinion about these secrets.
Of course, one cannot believe that Edgar Hoover, a director of the FBI, during those events that we are talking about, was very worried about justice or respect for the right of society to know the facts.
Memo 6751: Credit FBI Vault
He was the ultra-conservative and reactionary who thought differently. But the fact is that in 2010, it became known from the FBI’s The Vault page that the agency included in the category of declassified a report prepared [specificlally Memo 6751] in July 1947 by a special agent of the FBI. He was a lieutenant colonel, whose identity was in the interests of “national security” and, at the direction of the almighty Hoover, erased a report based on an interview with a witness of the appearance of a UFO. The witness shared his own experience of contact with a non-human mind and could tell quite a lot.
Line 2: “Their mission is peaceful” and their agenda is to “settle” on Earth; Line 3: The beings are “human-like but much larger in size”; Lines 4 to 6: Describes multi-dimensional beings from “an etheric planet which interpenetrates with our own”; Line 7: Weaponized with “radiant energy”; they enter the “etheric” (or cross dimensions) at will; Line 8 likens their world to Lokas_or_Talas; Conclusion: “Let the newcomers be treated with kindness” Addendum: “the front contains the controls; the middle portion is a laboratory; the rear contains armament, which consists essentially of a powerful energy apparatus, perhaps a ray…”
According to the report, among other species, we are visited by creatures not only from other planets but from other dimensions as well. In particular, they are from the etheric plane coexisting with our physical Universe, materialized entities appeared as translucent giants.
The first thing that comes to mind when reading the document is that we are dealing with a story of a dreamer, but it should be noted that this fact must have enough consecutive moments to initiate an investigation of the FBI, and this must be recognized when it comes to justifying financial injections and expenses of his resources.
The narrator further goes on to explain that these creatures use energy vectors to translate, which are interpreted as flying saucers. Their goal is peaceful, if one can consider peaceful the task that they transmitted (probably telepathically) to the witness: to stay living on this planet without disturbing us.
John DeSouza noted in his book that “Understanding Extra-Dimensionality is the way to unfold the truth of the paranormal, the spiritual and even the physical world. These Visitors have been with us since time immemorial and their messages to us are everywhere around us. The truth will eventually explode into our field of vision. If we refuse to listen then we are only delaying the inevitable to a time when an alarm will be sounded that is so loud that it will consume everything upon the Earth. Once the black swans arrive, once we awaken to numerous mile-long shadows cast by these ancient ships—hanging over our major cities, soundless, motionless, maddening; it will be too late.”
Memo 6751 remained classified for 63 years until Executive Order 13526 which allowed for its declassification and release. The memo may not be a “smoking gun”, but it is significant in that it remained untouched from the disinformation campaigns of Project Grudge, Blue Book.
Although much of the information contained in the memo is extremely detailed, there are some inconsistencies.
Firstly, the absence of the name of its author, although he claims to have several diplomas and that he was the head of a university department. Another fact is that the FBI prepared the document and it is not the original that is being investigated.
Unlike early Roswell stories, this file refers to “living beings much larger than humans.” In addition, they supposedly can live in another dimension, in another world.
However, the author of the article never mentioned how he collected all the information. From this point on, every detail in memorandum 6751 is confusing.
Two galaxies locked together in an intricate gravitational dance have created a beautiful illusion in the depths of space.
Captured in a new Hubble photo, their interaction has formed a near-symmetrical shape that has given the pair its nickname: the Angel Wing. If you look closely, the object bears an uncanny resemblance to the alarming six-winged seraphim of ancient Judaic lore.
The official name of the pair of galaxies is VV689, or MCG+03-26-016, and together they constitute an elegant example of one of the most colossal events in the Universe, a galactic merger.
Galactic mergers take place when galaxies are gravitationally drawn together across the gulfs of space-time, performing an increasingly tight orbital dance before coming together to form one big galaxy.
During these events, surprisingly few objects actually collide with each other; galaxies are mostly empty space by volume. However, the gravitational interactions can create shocks in surrounding star-forming gas that results in waves of star formation, rippling across each of the galaxies as the merger takes place.
These mergers are thought to be a vital aspect of galactic growth and evolution. Not only can the process revive star formation in otherwise relatively quiescent galaxies, it could play a role in the expansion of supermassive black holes to even more epic proportions.
Found at the heart of each galaxy, these black hole behemoths are somewhat baffling; merging with other supermassive black holes could be one pathway to their incredible size.
The Milky Way has undergone a number of collisions in its past. By identifying other galaxies undergoing the process of merging, astronomers can piece together how it occurs, which helps us understand the evolution of our own galaxy and the wider, wonderful cosmos around us.
A palaeontologist examines a dinosaur fossil from the Triassic period (around 250 million to 200 million years ago) in Brazil.
Credit: Carl de Souza/AFP via Getty
In December 2020, a paper in the journal Cretaceous Research sent shock waves through the palaeontology community1. It described a dinosaur species that the authors named Ubirajara jubatus — the first dinosaur found in the Southern Hemisphere to display what were probably precursors to modern feathers. The 110-million-year-old fossil had been collected in Brazil decades earlier — but no Brazilian palaeontologist had ever heard of it. The authors of the paper were from Germany, Mexico and the United Kingdom.
It was the latest instance of what some researchers now call palaeontological colonialism, in which scientists from wealthy nations obtain specimens from low- and middle-income countries without involving local researchers, and then store the fossils abroad. The practice can sometimes be illegal. For instance, according to Brazilian law, the country’s fossils belong to the state, although the authors of the Ubirajara paper say that they had a permit signed by a Brazilian mining official allowing them to export the specimen. “As far as the authors are aware, the specimen of Ubirajara was obtained legally,” says David Martill, a co-author and palaeontologist at the University of Portsmouth, UK.
The practice can also deprive nations of knowledge and heritage, say researchers. “Fossils are special to us,” says Allysson Pinheiro, director of the Plácido Cidade Nuvens Palaeontological Museum in Santana do Cariri, Brazil, near where U. jubatus was found. “We have literature, arts and crafts, and music based on them.”
Unlike previous incidents, however, the publication of Ubirajara sparked a revolution.
Through the Twitter campaign #UbirajaraBelongstoBR, Brazilian researchers protested against the paper, which was eventually withdrawn, and called for the fossil’s return. The Ubirajara specimen is currently located at the State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe in Germany, but officials say that the museum is involved in negotiations to send it back to Brazil.
The Ubirajara jubatus fossil sparked outrage among Brazilian palaeontologists and citizens.
Credit: Felipe L. Pinheiro
Even more significantly, the incident prompted paleontologists and paleontology associations across Latin America to join forces to end the practice. The growing movement is even attracting interest from scientists in Mongolia and other countries beyond Latin America that are affected by colonial palaeontology.
Juliana Sterli, president of the Argentinian Paleontological Association in Buenos Aires, describes the Ubirajara episode as the “last drop”. “In previous situations, we didn’t express ourselves,” she says.
Global awareness
One of the fruits of the movement has been the publication of journal articles surveying the extent of palaeontological colonialism in Latin America and elsewhere. In March, for instance, a report2 reviewed decades of papers describing fossils from Mexico and Brazil. The authors analysed almost 200 studies published between 1990 and 2021, and found that more than half did not include local researchers. Of the Brazilian fossils described, 88% were stored outside Brazil.
Some in the community, however, have disputed the paper’s findings. Martill says that the paper “is a pseudo-scientific study with a highly cherry-picked data set”, and adds that it ignores practices by US palaeontologists and focuses on European researchers. Martill was a co-author on papers highlighted by the survey.
Juan Carlos Cisneros, a palaeontologist at the Federal University of Piauí in Teresina, Brazil, and a co-author of the survey, says that it omitted some US collections of Brazilian fossils dating from before 1990. That is because the survey focused on vertebrate holotypes (specimens used as benchmarks for describing a species) studied after 1990, he explains. That is when Brazil passed a decree that requires international institutions studying fossils from the country to partner with Brazilian institutions. Cisneros adds: “It seems a clumsy attitude for researchers involved in such questionable practices to defend themselves by expressing that, in other countries, similarly questionable things are done.”
In the past, when issues of scientific colonialism were brought up with colleagues in wealthy countries, incidents were chalked up to anecdotal occurrences, he says. “Now that this is published in a scientific journal, there’s no way to ignore it anymore.”
Jeff Liston, president of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists, who is based in Edinburgh, UK, and has studied the illegal fossil trade in China, says that the scientific community has been aware of issues related to colonial palaeontology for some time — but the debate in the past few years has brought the discussion to a broader audience.
There are plans for more publications on the issue in Latin America — including papers discussing how journals can help to solve the problem. The palaeontological associations of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico plan to submit a letter describing how colonial practices are affecting palaeontology in the region to a scientific journal. “One of our goals is to raise global awareness about the responsibility of peer-reviewed journals in fighting colonial practices,” says Hermínio de Araújo Júnior, president of the Brazilian Paleontological Society, who is based in Rio de Janeiro.
In the March paper2, for example, the researchers found that none of the studies they reviewed reported having permits for taking the fossils abroad. “A big step would be to request the proper permits to study the material that they are putting into the journal,” says Karen Moreno Fuentealba, president of the Chilean Association of Paleontology, which is based in Santiago. “It would certainly be a way to enforce proper scientific behaviour.”
Some journals, such as Palaeontology, have already adopted policies that require authors to respect local laws when collecting and exporting samples. “PLoS ONE was one of the first journals to have a very tight set of ethical guidelines in terms of having to show collecting and export permits,” Liston says. (Naturealso has this type of policy; Nature’s news team is editorially independent of its journal team.)
A Latin American alliance
Latin American researchers have also raised global awareness of colonial palaeontology at international conferences. Last December, Cisneros presented research at the third annual Palaeontological Virtual Congress, in which he and his team analysed the impact of the #UbirajaraBelongstoBR campaign. The hashtag became a trending topic on Twitter in Brazil between December 2020 and January 2021, after the Cretaceous Research paper was published.
“Not only science communicators engaged in the conversation, but also influencers from the gaming world, artists and the news media gave it wide attention,” says Aline Ghilardi, a palaeontologist at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in Natal, Brazil, who created the hashtag.
Liston notes these positive outcomes, but says that there were negative ones, too. Members of the public threatened the scientists and institutions involved in the Ubirajara research. The Karlsruhe museum’s Instagram account drew more than 10,000 comments — many of them negative — and was deleted in 2021.
In July, a panel will discuss scientific colonialism at the virtual Latin American Congress of Vertebrate Paleontology. The goal, according to Cisneros, is to promote true cooperation between palaeontologists. “We don’t want researchers from other countries to stop working here. What we hope for is that partnerships are more equitable and reciprocal. And that our laws are respected, as we respect the laws of other countries.”
Palaeontologists in Mexico work to preserve mammoth skeletons found during an excavation in 2020.
Credit: Rodrigo Arangua/AFP via Getty
Martill says he has no problem cooperating with local researchers, but he has questions about how far the movement will go to revise the field. “Should we be expected to [collaborate with local partners] when, say, a Brazilian fossil is in a German collection and has been for many years?” he asks, additionally wondering whether seeking out experts simply to add local collaborators could lead to tokenism. “I think this should be up to authors who do the science to decide who is an author.”
It’s important to acknowledge that ethical standards today are different from those of the past, even in Latin America, says Elizabeth Chacón Baca, president of the Mexican Society of Paleontology, headquartered in San Nicolás de los Garza. In Mexico, for example, fossils used to be offered as gifts by political leaders or academics to their international counterparts. “Scientific interest must prevail,” she says. “We must protect and defend [our heritage], but always with a tone of open dialogue.”
Ripple effects
Latin American palaeontologists hope that their efforts will have an impact beyond their countries. According to a study published last December by Ghilardi and others3, the countries most affected by ‘parachute science’ — publications that make no mention of local collaboration — are the Dominican Republic, Myanmar and Namibia. In the first two, in particular, foreign researchers have become interested in fossil inclusions in amber deposits.
Palaeontological colonialism “used to be a discussion among friends and peers in between two sessions at a conference”, says Devapriya Chattopadhyay, a palaeontologist at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research in Pune and a co-author of the study. Now, “it is getting quite a bit of deserved attention”.
“I’m really excited about this whole movement, especially in Brazil,” says Bolortsetseg Minjin, founder and director of the Institute for the Study of Mongolian Dinosaurs in New York City. She has helped to repatriate dinosaur fossils taken illegally from Mongolia, and sees parallels between her efforts and the campaign to repatriate the Ubirajara dinosaur.
Minjin strongly advocates that fossils remain in their places of origin. “In Mongolia, fossils have been out of the country for the last 100 years,” she says. “Now we are facing an issue: how to find the next generation of scientists?” When children don’t grow up seeing fossils as part of their heritage and aren’t exposed to knowledge that excites them, she says, there is little motivation to become scientists.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01093-4
References
Smyth, R. S. H., Martill, D. M., Frey, E., Rivera-Sylva, H. E. & Lenz, N. Cretaceous Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104686 (2020).
Four Mysterious Objects On Google Sky, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Four Mysterious Objects On Google Sky, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Cube: -27.725280° -100.816575°
Fork: -12.777097° 48.448718°
Rogue Moon: -12.842369° -102.117233°
Green Orbs: 25.208859° -176.295993°
Now there are some interesting objects on Google Sky map. These four objects may or may not be explained away, however, I have never heard a reasonable explanation for any yet. These objects do exist in space, they are there, but are they alien and are they signs of intelligent life? I would have to say absolutely yes! The cube itself is huge and it confirms many sightings of the dark cube on NASA/SOHO sun images over the last ten years. The rogue moon is seen in great detail. Its understandable NASA wont talk about it...because to move an entire moon on a rogue trail through the solar system would require an alien propulsion system. Its a space station. As for the others anomalies, wormhole and green sphere, it seems all undeniable proof that aliens, intelligent or not, do exist out in space.
Military Whistle Blower reveals new top secret information on retrieval of Alien and Man Made UFOS!
Military Whistle Blower reveals new top secret information on retrieval of Alien and Man Made UFOS!
Dr. Greer discusses new explosive information from a member of a Nellis-based UFO retrieval team who was sent on missions to retrieve both man-made and ET craft.
He also describes his subsequent attempted abduction by covert human operatives using ARVs and fake "aliens grays".
Daytime UFO sighting over Bangkok, Thailand 22Apr-2022
Daytime UFO sighting over Bangkok, Thailand 22Apr-2022
A Facebook user called “Bradley BankDad” posted a video showing what looks like a glowing red/orange object flying at high altitude. He explained that the sighting took place in the Wong Sawang area in Bangkok, on April 22nd 2022 at 6:37PM.
While playing football on the lawn in front of his house, he looked up at the sky and saw an airplane passing by. But on the left hand side he saw a round red light. At first glance he thought it was a comet, But then he realized that it must have a light tail, so he called his girlfriend to record the the UFO.
Here’s the video:
Thairath News TV covered the event and interviewed the witness:
Glowing disk shaped UFO recorded over Bangkok Thailand on April 2022. Video Source UFO Sightings Daily
Video Source Bradley BankDad
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Two Strange Creatures Spotted Inside Tunnel Durning An Urban Exploration
This footage was uploaded three days ago by the channel URBEX HILL and this guy goes around conducting urban exploration in various location by himself and the reason that this location remainds on disclosed is for the law of trespass.
In the footage durning the exploring of the tunnel system, he was met by these two curious creatures with one of them giving him the once over before running off into the darkness of the tunnels. Further into the tunnel we can hear this spine-chilling scream. URBEX HILL stated the following" I explored a mysterious tunnel and saw a strange creature. I took on one of the most dangerous explorations that I've ever attempted. Over the course of one whole day a traversed more than 10 miles and a confusing and seemingly endless tunnel system hit in deep within the forest. As I entered the portal, I noticed it was oddly quiet and I began to have a strange feeling I was being watched. While I continue to explore deeper within the tunnels, I started to notice signs that I may not be alone which led me to have one of the most terrifying encounters I've ever experienced."
IT HAS BEEN MORE THAN 10,000 years since the last fur-covered woolly mammoth feet lumbered across the Arctic tundra.
Once a keystone species of these frozen ecosystems, the legacy of mammoths now has to be painstakingly recovered from layers of ice and permafrost by anorak-clad scientists. But not for much longer.
On September 13, entrepreneur Ben Lamm and Harvard geneticist George Churchannounced the creation of Colossal, a new gene-editing company bent on “de-extincting” the woolly using CRISPR. The company claims that rewilding of this species in the Arctic tundra could revitalize the region's grasslands as a major source of carbon sequestration, which offers a crucial tool in the fight against climate change.
“IT ISN'T DE-EXTINCTION AT ALL.”
With starting capital of $15 million and four-to-six years of research, Lamm tells Inverse the company could produce a “herd” of woolly mammoths calves for the first time since the Ice Age. This means the first baby mammoths could roam the tundra by 2027 or earlier.
But other scientists aren’t so convinced, including Tori Herridge, an evolutionary biologist working as a fellow at the Natural History Museum in London and science communicator. Before the company’s announcement, Herridge was approached to join Colossal’s advisory board but declined.
Herridge tells Inverse that this project could easily blow past some crucial ethical barriers if Colossal isn't careful.
“If [this technology] genuinely does what they hope it's going to do, that will fundamentally alter the way that we as humans interact with the natural world,” says Herridge.
And there’s another issue: it may not be a true mammoth at all.
Ben Lamm (left) and George Church (right) say they can bring back the mammoth, but is that really a good thing?Courtesy of Colossal
WHAT IS COLOSSAL?
Using cutting-edge technology to bring a species back from extinction might sound like Jurassic Park-level science fiction, but Colossal’s new project is actually not the first to attempt — or achieve this.
“COLOSSAL IS READY TO CHART THIS NEW FRONTIER OF SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.”
While the company’s use of CRISPR — a gene-editing tool that can snip and replace particular genes in an animal's DNA — is relatively novel, Herridge says that scientists accomplished small-level “de-extinction” years ago through cloning a recently extinct Pyrenean ibex.
What really sets Colossal apart from previous attempts, says Herridge, is their private funding.
Another secret weapon in their corner, according to Lamm, is geneticist and co-founder George Church. With a passionate interest in the woolly mammoth, a deep understanding of synthetic biology, and eight years of research on the topic under his belt, Church is a triple threat. Mix that expertise with $15 million, and Lamm is confident they’ve got a winning combination.
“De-extinction of the woolly mammoth will be the first time a species has been successfully brought back from extinction,” Lamm says. “Colossal is ready to chart this new frontier of science and biotechnology.”
ARE WE REALLY BRINGING BACK THE MAMMOTH?
While CRISPR technology can do miraculous things, Herridge warns that it is still by no means a time machine.
“It isn't de-extinction at all — you're never going to bring back an extinct creature,” says Herridge. “It is not the de-extinction of the mammoth; it is the genetic modification of an elephant you are creating an entirely new synthetic organism.”
When it comes to gene editing, just because it looks like a woolly mammoth and moves like a woolly mammoth doesn’t mean it actually is a woolly mammoth. These mammoth-like animals will instead be more of a hybrid of this ancient species and their modern cousin, the Asian elephant.Shutterstock
Instead of reintroducing so-called authentic woolly mammoths to the tundra, Herridge says that what Church and his team are really doing is tinkering with the DNA of modern-day elephants to create something very similar to a woolly mammoth.
To do this, Church’s team has isolated 60 genes that helped woolly mammoths adapt to cold environments, including developing a shaggy coat, growing smaller ears and tail, and producing extra body fat.
Lamm says that these precisely edited genes will be inserted into the genome of Asian elephants using CRISPR. These “mammoth-like cells” can then, in theory, be inserted into the egg cell of an Asian elephant in place of its full-elephant nucleus.
“Electrical pulses are applied to the egg cell, which will simulate fertilization, and the egg cell will start to divide and grow, becoming an embryo,” says Lamm. Such future embryos could then be implanted in a surrogate elephant or an artificial womb for their 18-22 months-long gestation.
The final result? The world’s first “woolly mammoth” calves in 10 millennia.
HOW IT COULD GO WRONG
But before we get there, Herridge says there’s still a lot that could go wrong along the way. For example, reintroducing species to their native environments without disrupting those ecosystems is tricky even with modern species, but rewilding a species that’s been gone as long as the woolly mammoth could be the most difficult yet — not to mention that the environment they’re being reintroduced to is rapidly changing as temperatures across the world rise.
But while these are points to consider carefully, Herridge says there’s an even more salient ethical issue that this project must keep in mind.
“The worst outcome for me in the short term would be a sort of gung ho approach to implantation and uses elephants as surrogates,” says Herridge.
Moving too quickly in this gene-editing process could have deadly consequences.Shutterstock
According to Herridge, the only way to find out if you’ve done the right tinkering to create a “mammoth,” instead of an animal that might have several abnormalities or deformities, would be to see what kind of calf it creates. In that case, jumping to surrogacy too quickly without significant lab-bench experimentation first would be “unethical,” she says.
One way to get this right is to increase transparency wherever possible, says Herridge. This means releasing data from the Church lab more readily than has been done so far, she says.
HOW IT COULD GO RIGHT
Despite her concerns, Herridge is still optimistic about what we might learn along the way to producing baby woolly mammoths — whether we ever get there or not.
“The best outcome would be amazing collateral advances in our knowledge about mammoths and the ice age ecosystem [and] the application of those biotechnology tools to really press conservation issues for species that are close to extinction today,” says Herridge. “That's what I think would be the most important stuff.”
The Far Side of Mars Rocked by Two of the Largest Marsquakes Ever Recorded
The Far Side of Mars Rocked by Two of the Largest Marsquakes Ever Recorded
BySEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
NASA’s InSight lander on Mars used its seismometer to record two of its strongest seismic events to date: a magnitude 4.2 and a magnitude 4.1 marsquake.
NASA’s InSight lander’s seismometer on Mars has recorded two of its strongest seismic events to date: a magnitude 4.2 and a magnitude 4.1 marsquake. The pair are the first documented occurrences on the planet’s far side from the lander, and they are five times stronger than the previous greatest recorded event.
Seismic wave data from the events could help scientists learn more about the interior layers of Mars, particularly its core-mantle boundary, researchers from InSight’s Marsquake Service (MQS) reported on April 22, 2022, in The Seismic Record.
Anna Horleston of the University of Bristol and colleagues were able to identify reflected PP and SS waves from the magnitude 4.2 event, called S0976a, and locate its origin in the Valles Marineris, a massive canyon network that is one of Mars’ most distinguishing geological features and one of the largest graben systems in the Solar System. Earlier orbital images of cross-cutting faults and landslides suggested the area would be seismically active, but the new event is the first confirmed seismic activity there.
Mars surface relief map showing InSight’s location (orange triangle), other located marsquakes (purple dots) that cluster around 30° distance, close to Cerberus Fossae, and S0976a, located within Valles Marineris just north of Sollis Planum. S1000a’s location is predicted to be somewhere within the shaded region between 107° and 147° from InSight.
Credit: Horelston et al. (2022) TSR
S1000a, the magnitude 4.1 event recorded 24 days later, was characterized by reflected PP and SS waves as well as Pdiff waves, small amplitude waves that have traversed the core-mantle boundary. This is the first time Pdiff waves have been spotted by the InSight mission. The researchers could not definitively pinpoint S1000a’s location, but like S0976a it originated on Mars’ far side. The seismic energy from S1000a also holds the distinction of being the longest recorded on Mars, lasting 94 minutes.
Both marsquakes occurred in the core shadow zone, a region where P and S waves can’t travel directly to InSight’s seismometer because they are stopped or bent by the core. PP and SS waves don’t follow a direct path, but rather are reflected at least once at the surface before traveling to the seismometer.
“Recording events within the core shadow zone is a real steppingstone for our understanding of Mars. Prior to these two events the majority of the seismicity was within about 40 degrees distance of InSight,” said Savas Ceylan, a co-author from ETH Zürich. “Being within the core shadow, the energy traverses parts of Mars we have never been able to seismologically sample before.”
The two marsquakes differ in some important ways. S0976a is characterized by only low-frequency energy, like many of the quakes identified so far on the planet, while S1000a has a very broad frequency spectrum. “[S1000a] is a clear outlier in our catalog and will be key to our further understanding of Martian seismology,” Horleston said.
S0976a is likely to have a much deeper origin than S1000a, she noted. “The latter event has a frequency spectrum much more like a family of events that we observe that have been modeled as shallow, crustal quakes, so this event may have occurred near the surface. S0976a looks like many of the events we have located to Cerberus Fossae – an area of extensive faulting – that have depths modeled to be around 50 kilometers or more and it is likely that this event has a similar, deep, source mechanism.”
Compared to the rest of the seismic activity detected by InSight, the two new far-side quakes are true outliers, the researchers said.
“Not only are they the largest and most distant events by a considerable margin, S1000a has a spectrum and duration unlike any other event previously observed. They truly are remarkable events in the Martian seismic catalog,” Horleston said.
Reference: “The Far Side of Mars: Two Distant Marsquakes Detected by InSight” by Anna C. Horleston, John F. Clinton, Savas Ceylan, Domenico Giardini, Constantinos Charalambous, Jessica C. E. Irving, Philippe Lognonné, Simon C. Stähler, Géraldine Zenhäusern, Nikolaj L. Dahmen, Cecilia Duran, Taichi Kawamura, Amir Khan, Doyeon Kim, Matthieu Plasman, Fabian Euchner, Caroline Beghein, Éric Beucler, Quancheng Huang, Martin Knapmeyer, Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun, Vedran Lekic, Jiaqi Li, Clément Perrin, Martin Schimmel, Nicholas C. Schmerr, Alexander E. Stott, Eléonore Stutzmann, Nicholas A. Teanby, Zongbo Xu, Mark Panning and William B. Banerdt, 22 April 2022, The Seismic Record. DOI: 10.1785/0320220007
'I'm terrified to leave the house in case I get abducted by my alien visitor stalkers'
'I'm terrified to leave the house in case I get abducted by my alien visitor stalkers'
EXCLUSIVE Sacha Christie, 51, insists she has had so many close encounters of the third kind with extraterrestrials that she now has one simple message for Earth's alien visitors – please leave her alone!
By Jade Culver & Dil Dissanayake
Sacha claims to have had more than nine close encounters with alien visitors(Image: MERCURY PRESS)
A mum says she has had so many close encounters with UFOs that she is scared to leave the house.
Sacha Christie, 51, is so terrified of being abducted she has begged her alien visitors to leave her alone.
She first spotted what she believes to be a UFO aged just seven, after she saw what looked like an acorn floating in the sky.
The mum of five has had nine major sightings in her lifetime including, tiny zig-zagging lights that shocked North Yorkshire radio listeners in 1983, and her scariest experience on a family holiday to Wales in 1997.
Sacha, who lives in Liverpool, Merseyside, said: “It’s very hard to explain my encounters, as it’s hard for me to believe what I’ve seen.
“I’ve spent my whole life trying to think of other scenarios, of things that it could be, but the only conclusion is that it’s other life forms and UFOS.
ET needs to stop phoning Sacha...
(Image: Liverpool Echo)
“Looking at the sky, it scares me, as I don’t know what I’m going to see next. But I can’t help but check the sky when I go out as it is just a habit now.
“It’s like I have to make sure nothing is going to fall on my head.”
She added: “I’m not too sure where most UFOS frequent, but it does sometimes feel like they’re always somewhere near me.
“I would be a millionaire if I knew why only certain people see UFOs but I think it has happened to me as I look in the sky a lot.
“I wish they would stop.”
On a trip with her family in 1997 she says was terrified after seeing a craft in the sky and a barefoot “alien” ran past her.
Sacha, who lives in Liverpool, Merseyside, said: “Myself, my ex-partner Steve, my son Louie and two of three of Steve’s family members went on a short break to a small remote cottage..
She said: “At one point Steve was pointing at these fluorescent lights in the sky that seemed to be getting bigger the closer they moved towards us.
Sacha has drawn reconstructions of the traumatic events(Image: MERCURY PRESS)
“As the clouds were so low, the shadows and shape of UFO made it look like bright rippling jellyfish in the sky.
“Everyone had come out to look at this point, the kids were feeling a bit nervous and the sheep in the field next to us had all eerily laid down.
She added: “Louie had told me that something had touched his foot and I believed him, but I wanted to look at the lights more, to understand what was going on.
“I stood there for another minute or so, when I suddenly heard something running barefoot in the mud behind me.
“All of a sudden, it bumped into me as it ran past and my chest exploded.
“Before I even realised it was happening, I was running back to the house in a panic, in complete hysterical blindness, I couldn’t see where I was going.
“I just knew I needed to run.”
Sacha’s UFO sightings have left her shaken, she now suffers with post-traumatic stress disorder and sometimes worries when leaving her house.
The events have even led to her hating the month of February(Image: Getty Images)
She adds: “I used to feel safe before but seeing the UFOs so close up has removed the bubble I used to live in.
“I feel like there’s nothing in between the top of my head and space.
“My head feels like I am in space.
“The idea of us being contained in something has now completely gone.
“This leaves me with anxiety and I get worked up every time I need to leave the house.
“I am OK once I leave the house but it is getting out of the house that is a problem.
“I think the anxiety stems from the holiday in Wales in 1997.
“I now hate February, it’s a bad month for me.
“I try to stay in as much as I can during that month because I suffer with severe anxiety.”
She attends yearly UFO conventions where people can share and talk about their experiences, which she claims have helped her to come to terms with the idea of extra-terrestrial life forms.
Hundreds of prehistoric paintings have been found in subterranean chambers with barely enough oxygen to breathe.
Low oxygen causes hypoxia that can induce exalted mental states.
A new study says the artists chose these hard-to-reach caverns in search of an oxygen-starved high.
Artists of all types have been known to ingest a — shall we say — creative lubricant or two. One of the paradoxical things about art, even for people who love making it — maybe especially for those people — is that it’s sometimes hard to get started, despite the fact that it’s even harder to stop.
A new paper suggests this problem and solution go way back.
As archaeologist Yafit Kedar from Tel-Aviv University in Israel was in France enjoying some cave art deep within the ground, she started to wonder why their creators would choose to create images so far away from natural light sources. These places are also airless, where what little oxygen there could have been would have been consumed by the burning torches the painters needed in order to see what they were painting.
Maybe, she thought, the reason these long-ago artists chose to create in such remote chambers was because of their lack of fresh oxygen. Perhaps the painters would have been down there creating in a hypoxic, trancelike state. In that pre-agricultural, pre-chemistry time, cave painting might have been a way to get inspirationally baked.
There are some 400 known prehistoric cave paintings found in Western Europe dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period from 40,000 to 11,00 years ago.
This might not be the only historical example of people inducing an oxygen-starved state to achieve transcendence or something like it. A 2006 study from scientists at the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Rome hypothesized that hypoxia might have been the source of the trances out of which Delphic oracles extracted their visions.
Plutarch had written that trances began when the oracle—really generations of female oracles, all of them ceremonially named “Pythia” — inhaled sweet noxious fumes from cracks in the ground beneath the temple. Lead author of the 2006 study Giuseppe Etiope suggested that these gasses may well have been nothing more miraculous than carbon dioxide and methane filling a poorly ventilated space, thus casting Pythia off into a netherworld of semi-consciousness.
On the surface, the air we breathe is 21 percent oxygen. Kedar and her colleagues created computer models that revealed the likely levels of oxygen in the painted caves. They found that in some such caverns, oxygen levels can drop to 18 percent in just 15 minutes. Some models fell to 11 percent. Hypoxia is likely at oxygen levels below 14.5% percent.
Fire torches exacerbate the problem. Up near the surface in a cave open to outside air, a burning fire’s exhaust flows up and out while fresh air comes in beneath it. In a narrow passageway, however, the carbon dioxide and oxygen mix, and the lighter oxygen floats upward and on out of the cavern toward the surface.
The deeper a painter went with their torch, the more extreme was the loss of oxygen. Some of Kedar’s models of deep caverns found just 9 percent oxygen, the lower limit of survivability.
Kedar hopes to validate the modeled outcomes by measuring oxygen levels in existing painted caves. For now though, the models point to the “transformative nature of an underground, oxygen-depleted space.”
The Lascaux Cave in south-western France, thought to have been painted around 20,000 years ago.
Hypoxia releases dopamine and can produce euphoria, visions, and out-of-body sensations. Modern visitors have reported experiencing some of these same sorts of mental phenomena when viewing the artwork.
The paper suggests that, “The cave environment was conceived as both a liminal space and an ontological arena, allowing early humans to maintain their connectedness with the cosmos.” The hypoxic mind may well have found it easy to imagine that they were seeing beyond the rock, and indeed, beyond their world.
Prehistoric hand paintings at the Cave of Hands in Argentina, thought to be over 10,000 years old R.M. Nunes/Shutterstock" src="https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/silDPBn1lkuiqBjXdQtGJw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTk2MDtoPTYzMztjZj13ZWJw/https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/sv.Vue755cVqzeESKZCEGg--~B/aD0zMjc7dz00OTY7YXBwaWQ9eXRhY2h5b24-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/the_conversation_464/c57fbdcfa426c1c1f31d98c3da94cd52" data-src="https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/silDPBn1lkuiqBjXdQtGJw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTk2MDtoPTYzMztjZj13ZWJw/https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/sv.Vue755cVqzeESKZCEGg--~B/aD0zMjc7dz00OTY7YXBwaWQ9eXRhY2h5b24-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/the_conversation_464/c57fbdcfa426c1c1f31d98c3da94cd52" width="651" height="429" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" />
Prehistoric hand paintings at the Cave of Hands in Argentina, thought to be over 10,000 years old
“The images envisioned in such a hallucinatory state appear to float on the cave surfaces (walls, floors, and ceilings) as if these constituted a membrane connecting the upper and lower worlds,” write the authors.
Considering the likelihood of hypoxic conditions inside caves, it may be that it was the promise of a transcendent experience that drove the painters deep into the ground rather than any inherent meaning attached to the caves. As the paper concludes:
“It was not the decoration that rendered the caves significant; rather, the significance of the chosen caves was the reason for their decoration.”
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
