SpaceX to attempt to crush Starship test tank

A week after rolling a different ‘test tank’ from its South Texas Starship factory to nearby launch and test facilities, SpaceX has moved a second test tank to the pad.

Hearkening back to a period in 2020 where SpaceX built and tested six different Starship test tanks in a period of six months, the company appears to be preparing to test another batch of tanks in the hopes of qualifying Super Hea

vy booster design changes and clearing the way for a significant upgrade to all Starship tank domes. The sequencing of the latest tank raises some questions, however.

Known unofficially as the “EDOME” tank in reference to a cryptic label on the side of one of its halves, the first new test tank’s purpose is much more cut and dry. While its steel rings appear to be unchanged from current Starship and Super Heavy prototypes, the tank’s two domes share almost nothing in common with the dozens of domes SpaceX has built and tested over the last three years of development. The new domes are much simpler and should be easier to manufacture than the domes SpaceX is familiar with. Thanks to their more spherical shape, they should also be more efficient, allowing future Starship tanks to store a bit more propellant while taking up the same amount of vertical space. SpaceX has yet to begin testing the EDOME tank since its June 8th rollout and does not appear to be much closer to starting 12 days later.

On June 16th, SpaceX rolled a second test tank to the launch site, which eventually joined the EDOME tank at a staging area that used to be a Starship landing pad. Whereas the EDOME tank is more of a generic test article, the second tank – known as B7.1 – is specifically designed to test Super Heavy booster design changes.

B7.1 is a bit like a miniature Super Heavy. Its three-ring top section is mostly similar to the top section of a booster and is reinforced with dozens of external stringers. Oddly, it is missing cutouts for grid fins, and the tank’s forward dome does not have the reaction frame those hypothetical grid fins would anchor to. On the tank’s bottom half, the same stringers are present, and the tank features a new design that squeezes four slightly shorter rings into the same height as three. The Super Heavy thrust dome those rings enclose is also a new design that expands the number of central Raptor engines from 9 to 13.

It’s unsurprising that SpaceX wants to test those significant design changes. SpaceX did technically conduct a similar test in mid-2021 with a test tank known as BN2.1, but that tank featured a thrust dome with room for 9 older Raptors that would have generated about ~1700 tons of thrust. B7.1’s testing will go a step further than BN2.1 and use a structural test stand that should allow SpaceX to simulate the compressive forces Super Heavy boosters might experience in flight, adding another dimension of stress on top of the 13 hydraulic rams that will simultaneously subject the test tank to the equivalent of ~3000 tons (~6.6M lbf) of thrust.

What is surprising, however, is the fact that SpaceX has waited so long to build and test a tank like B7.1. SpaceX has already completed an entire Super Heavy booster (B7) with all the design changes B7.1 is meant will test and recently installed 33 new Raptor 2 engines on that prototype. A second upgraded booster, B8, is also nearly finished. In that sense, B7.1 is quite unusual and feels more like a reluctant afterthought than part of a methodical development process. If B7.1 suffers an unintentional failure during testing, SpaceX could be forced to abandon two nearly-finished Super Heavy boosters, wasting months of assembly and testing and rendering prototypes that are likely worth tens of millions of dollars all but useless.

The design changes B7.1 is meant to test are not exactly radical, but it’s still unclear why SpaceX has chosen to conduct those tests after building two entire Super Heavy boosters. Earlier on in Starship development, SpaceX regularly used test tanks to qualify significant design changes before applying those changes to full prototypes, limiting the amount of resources that could be wasted on any unproven prototype. Thankfully, Super Heavy Booster 7 may have already completed similar Raptor thrust simulation tests on the same test stand B7.1 was recently installed on, meaning that SpaceX’s confidence may have been well-placed. However, if the first use of the ‘can crusher’ stand on a Super Heavy test tank finds any problems or ends in failure, B7 and B8 could still be easily rendered unusable or incapable of flight, significantly delaying Starship’s first orbital launch attempt.

Lately, SpaceX has been focused on preparing Starship S24 and Super Heavy B7 for static fire tests that could eventually qualify the pair to support the first orbital test flight. It’s not clear if or when SpaceX will be able to set aside time and evacuate Starbase’s busy orbital launch site to test B7.1 or the EDOME tank.

The post SpaceX to attempt to crush Starship test tank appeared first on TESLARATI.

Source:

•  https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-booster-tank-can-crusher-test/

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20-06-2022 om 22:58 geschreven door peter  

Astronomers Watched a “Near-Sun” Comet Disintegrate as it Flew too Close to the Sun

Comets that venture close to the Sun can transform into something beautiful, but sometimes they encounter incineration if they get too close. Of the various types of comets that orbit close to the Sun, astronomers had never seen the destruction of the type classified as “near-Sun” comets. But thanks to a variety of telescopes on summit of Mauna Kea in Hawai?i, scientists have now captured images of a periodic rocky near-Sun comet breaking apart. They say the disintegration of this comet could help explain the scarcity of such periodic near-Sun comets.

Astronomers have certainly witnessed other types of comets disintegrating in the solar corona. For example, early this year — after putting on a spectacular show — Comet Leonard broke apart after perihelion (its closest point to the Sun) in January, 2022. Comet Leonard was considered a Sun-grazing comet, the most commonly known comets that make close passes of the Sun. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft has detected about 4,000 Sun-grazers since it launched in 1995.

But there are also near-Sun, Sun-skirters and Sun-divers. However, the nomenclature and difference between them all is not clearly defined, says Karl Battams, from the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington DC. Battams tracks Sun-grazing comets with data from SOHO, particularly those that belong to the ‘Kreutz’ family of comets, named after Heinrich Kreutz, a nineteenth-century astronomer who calculated many of their orbits.

“There’s no clearly defined separation between what we would classify as a near-Sun versus Sun-grazing comet,” Battams said via email. But he was part of a group of astronomers that drafted some guidelines in a 2018 survey paper.

They proposed clear definitions for comets, based on how close they get to the Sun: near-Sun comets should encompass all objects that come within the orbit of Mercury, about .3 AU. Sunskirters are defined as objects that pass within 33 solar radii of the Sun’s center, equal to half of Mercury’s perihelion distance, and the commonly-used phrase Sun-grazers to be objects that reach perihelion within 3.45 solar radii. Finally, comets with orbits that intersect the solar photosphere are termed Sun-divers.

But, says Battams, the definitions can still be confusing because all Sun-grazing comets are near-Sun comets, but not all near-Sun comets are Sun-grazing comets.

The near-Sun comet that was recently observed while breaking apart, named 323P/SOHO, is a short-period ‘near-Sun’ (but NOT Sun-grazing) comet that experienced a different environment to the Kreutz Sun-grazers.

“Instead of plunging deep into the corona and getting ripped apart or vaporized,” said Battams, “it has been getting slowly baked with repeated passes in a toasty environment, leading to a slow-but-steady demise. Probably many of the non-Kreutz that SOHO sees are undergoing this process, but this is the first time we’ve been able to definitely say that this is what’s happening.”

Battams, who was not involved in the ground-based study of this comet, said this first- of-its-kind observations for this class of comet is an important result for telling us about the evolution and end stage of comets in that “near-Sun” region. An outstanding question is that there are far fewer observed near-Sun objects than models show there should be.

Comet 323P/SOHO was discovered in 1999 with SOHO, and is a relatively small comet, with a nucleus of only about 172 meters (560 ft) in diameter. It rotates quickly, at 0.522 hr., the most rapid rotation of every known comet in the Solar System. Its orbital period is just over four years, so it has come close to the Sun several times. Plus, on its final pass, it came perilously close to the Sun, with a perihelion of only 0.04 astronomical units. While a larger comet could perhaps survive such a close approach, smaller comets that come that close are skirting with eventual doom.  

Because comets like 323P pass so close to the Sun, they are difficult to spot and observe. To study this object, an international group of astronomers from Macau, the US, Germany, Taiwan, and Canada used multiple telescopes including the Subaru Telescope, the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), the Gemini North telescope, Lowell’s Discovery Telescope, as well as the Hubble Space Telescope.

Observations with the Surbaru telescope, which has a wide field of view, marked the first time 323P/SOHO was captured by a ground-based telescope. With this data, the researchers were able to better constrain the orbit, and they knew where to point the other telescopes when 323P/SOHO started to move away from the Sun again.

To their surprise the researchers found that 323P/SOHO had changed remarkably during perihelion. In the Subaru Telescope data, 323P/SOHO was just a dot.

“However, in our post-perihelion observations, it developed a long, narrow tail mimicking a disintegrating cometary debris cloud,” the authors wrote in their paper.

They also found that 323P/SOHO’s color is unlike anything else in the Solar System. They says observations of other near-Sun comets are needed to see if they also share these traits.

The researchers said they believe that the intense radiation from the Sun caused parts of the comet to break off due to thermal fracturing, similar to how ice cubes crack when you pour a hot drink over them. This mass loss mechanism could help explain what happens to near-Sun comets and why there are so few of them.

The researchers hope to spot whatever remains of the comet on its next perihelion in order to learn more about it. But it will likely plunge into the Sun on one of the next close passes.  

Sources:

• Paper: The Lingering Death of Periodic Near-Sun Comet 323P/SOHO.
  NAOJ Press release
  Email exchange with Karl Battams

The post Astronomers Watched a “Near-Sun” Comet Disintegrate as it Flew too Close to the Sun appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/156357/astronomers-watched-a-near-sun-comet-disintegrate-as-it-flew-too-close-to-the-sun/

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20-06-2022 om 22:31 geschreven door peter  

David Wilcock & Corey Goode: The Cosmic Secret Documentary

Author David Wilcock and an array of researchers, scientists and archaeologists offer their perspectives on humanity’s long-lost cosmic origins.

For time immemorial we have looked to the stars for answers to unlock our past. We have interpreted prophecy with the hope of predetermining our future, and yet questions remain. Who are we? Why are we here and what is our destiny? In “The Cosmic Secret,” David Wilcock & Corey Goode, along with researchers, scientists, and archeologists, try to answer these very questions.

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20-06-2022 om 21:54 geschreven door peter  

What's Killing The Cattle In The USA? Three Theories And One Stands Out!!

What’s Killing The Cattle In The USA?

1.  It is suggested heat is the cause of this, but if so, why hasn’t it happened like this before? Seems highly unlikely and unreasonable.

2. Zetatalk suggests these are methane deaths.

What would cause such a thing like this?? Maybe the cause was something like release of methane but I checked the last 9 days in that area. It hasn’t been any major earthquake around the zone. Would the zetas care to comment on this subject? [and from another] What’s killing the cattle in the USA? [and from another] 

https://twitter.com/myrontmoore/status/1537131014593576960 

[and from another] Extreme heat and humidity kill thousands of cattle in Kansas June 15, 2022 

https://www.agdaily.com/news/extreme-heat-and-humidity-kill-thousands-of-cattle-in-kansas/ 

This week, temperatures reached up to 108 degrees Fahrenheit with little cooling factor from wind. 

The clues as to what killed mass numbers of cows in Kansas is their behavior just before death. If overheated, they would not group together as this prevents cooling by wind. Grouping together is something the cows would do in the dead of Winter if trying to get warm. Why would a herd mass by the fence, as though trying to get away from something offensive? Methane deaths in sheep and antelope and especially fish and birds are of record during the 7 of 10 Plate Movements, and the entire Mainland of the US is being shifted westward at this time. These were methane deaths. https://zetatalk.com/ning/30ju2022.htm IITM:  Now the methane theory seems more plausible, but it also FALSE!  The reason being, is that the methane would have affected other animals, insects, birds etc… NO MASSIVE BIRD DIE-OFF, WHICH WOULD HAVE LIKELY HAPPENED AT THE SAME TIME.  IF THE METHANE WAS LOW LEVEL, THERE WOULD HAVE BEEN OTHER ANIMALS DEAD TOO. 3. What is the next theory to consider? Well… there are a few clues… i) the animals died near the fence. ii) only one species died iii) no humans died iv) there are several assaults against the food supply v) the elite want humans to eat bugs So the next reasonable theory is that this is a manmade cause of death.  The military already have into use, microwave weapons, which they use to get crowds to disperse… but what if they can also use that same technology to CORRAL humans or cows into a gathered space? This event can have a two-fold purpose:

1.  As a practice test for future events to now target cattle, as part of the food scarcity plan.
2. As a practice test for future events, to cattle humans into contained areas for mass disposal.

They call it ‘non-lethal’… do you believe they can’t turn up the juice?

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20-06-2022 om 21:44 geschreven door peter  

Plane Investigates UFO Fleet And Gets Abducted! Tacoma, Washington June 17, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: June 17, 2022

Location of sighting: Tacoma, Washington, USA
Source: MUFON

 

Guys, this just in from Washington state.  An eyewitness recorded a UFO fleet appearing in the sky over the water of Narrows Channel, which means these UFOs were appearing one by one before they shot off, or went down into the water. These UFOs are huge, about the size of two 747 jets and they are waiting for the whole group to gather before they leave. They are coming from an underwater alien base, 5km below the floor of the Narrows Channel. Awesome catch, rare sighting indeed! 100% proof that aliens live on this planet with us! What really makes this a doubly rare sighting is that fact that I see an small plane pass the UFOs and disappears near a UFO! A pilot investigated them close up, but looks like a public single engine aircraft got abducted in the process. Taken to the aliens home planet for further study.

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

20-06-2022 om 21:23 geschreven door peter  

Diamond looking UFO over Morro Bay, California TODAY

This bright unidentified flying object was filmed over Morro Bay, CA today (19th June 2022).

Witness report: 

Thought it was a Father’s Day ballon at first then noticed how bright light reflected from object. Object seemed to elevate in altitude and was nearly impossible to find in sky until light reflected from surface.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

20-06-2022 om 21:08 geschreven door peter  

Two Alien Arms Shooting Out Of Mars Surface, NASA Link, June 18, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: June 18, 2022

Location of discovery: Mars

Source URL: 

• https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/26810/curiosity-spots-finger-like-rocks/

Hey check this out. Two long metallic objects are seen on Mars sticking out off a huge rock. NASA tries to say these are metallic minerals that are visible due to the rock around them wearing away from windblown sand. However that is not the case here. What we see are two metal arms sticking out of an actual alien under that rock. I believe if you lift up this huge rock, you will find the remainder of the creature. I think something threw this huge rock on purpose to kill the alien creature attacking it. This creature has an exoskeleton...an outer skeleton like an insect would have. Thus, this is an intelligent insect species that was attacking and was killed here. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

NASA States: 

NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover spotted these finger-like rocks with its Mast Camera, or Mastcam, on May 15, 2022, the 3,474th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. These likely formed as groundwater trickled through rock in the ancient past, depositing mineral cements over time; many years later, when the rock was exposed to the atmosphere, wind eroded the softer material around the cemented portions. The rocks were found on Mount Sharp, the 3-mile-tall (5-kilometer-tall) mountain that Curiosity has been climbing since 2014.

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

19-06-2022 om 23:21 geschreven door peter  

UFO Creates Wormhole In Sky Over Salem, Wisconsin, USA June 19, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

Below the UFO is enlarged and has added shadow to bring out the detail of the UFO.

 

Date of sighting: June 19, 2022

Location of sighting: Salem, Wisconsin, USA

Email report

 

This UFO created a glowing ring around it in the night sky which may have been a cloud, or caused by its propulsion system slowing down or speeding up to quickly...revealing the wormhole it came from or was about to shoot into. Wisconsin in near the great lakes, which is a hotspot for UFO activity and is known for having incredible depth to them...which aliens love for making their bases deep under the lakes floor to stay out of the prying eyes of humans. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

Looked like a moving star. Stopped then created a smoking ring and kept moving. Saw what looked like a moving star. It was moving then stopped for a second and saw a beam come from center and split into into two that went outward to make a partial circle and created a smoke ring and the object kept moving in almost a zig zag pattern.

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

19-06-2022 om 22:58 geschreven door peter  

Glowing Craft Seen Over Saint Michaels, Maryland On June 18, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: June 18, 2022

Location of sighting: Saint Michaels, Maryland, USA
Email report

 

Hey this just in. An eyewitness in Maryland saw a glowing craft with three lights on holding position in the sky, then shooting away. The craft was silent as it moved. UFOs come in all shapes, sizes and colors. But one thing they all have in common, they leave us stunned after we see them. It changes us forever, changes how we see the world around us, changes how we see our own existence and that of the universe. We live in an amazing place and time.

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

19-06-2022 om 22:48 geschreven door peter  

China announces via state media that it may have detected signals from an ALIEN CIVILISATION – before mysteriously deleting the report

• China detected unusual signals using its Sky Eye telescope in Guizhou province

• The news was announced then deleted by China's state-backed science website 

• Sky Eye launched back in September 2020 to search for extraterrestrial signals 

By JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE 

China has claimed that it may have received a message from an alien civilisation using its $180 million Sky Eye telescope, according to reports. 

Sky Eye, a 1,640-foot-diameter telescope based in China's Guizhou province, has detected unusual electromagnetic signals that scientists claim could have alien origins.

The news was revealed in a report by Science and Technology Daily, the official newspaper of China's Ministry of Science and Technology, based in Beijing. 

But according to Bloomberg, Science and Technology Daily deleted the report shortly after it was posted, although it's uncertain why. 

China claims to have received a message from an alien civilisation, mysterious radio signals suggest (file photo)

Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope, also known as FAST or Sky Eye, is based in a natural basin in Guizhou

'Sky Eye telescope may have picked up signs of life beyond Earth, according to a report by the state-backed Science and Technology Daily, which then appeared to have deleted the report and posts about the discovery,' Bloomberg says.

'The news had already started trending on social network Weibo and was picked up by other media outlets, including state-run ones.' 

The Science and Technology Daily report cited Zhang Tonjie, chief scientist of an extraterrestrial civilization search team co-founded by Beijing Normal University, the National Astronomical Observatory of China and the University of California, Berkeley. 

The team detected two sets of suspicious signals in 2020 while processing data collected in 2019, and found another suspicious signal in 2022 while observing exoplanets – planets outside our solar system.  

Zhang said the suspicious signals could also be some kind of radio interference, so further investigation is required. 

MailOnline has contacted the National Astronomical Observatory of China for comment. 

Currently, no life beyond Earth has ever been found, but this does not mean that the universe is lifeless other than on Earth, according to NASA. 

The US space agency says: 'While no clear signs of life have ever been detected, the possibility of extraterrestrial biology – the scientific logic that supports it – has grown increasingly plausible.'

Due to its size, Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope, also known as FAST or Sky Eye, has one of the best chances of discovering alien life. 

It was launched in September 2020 specifically to search interstellar communication signals that suggest alien life and potentially habitable exoplanets. 

As its official name suggests, FAST has a diameter of 500 meters (1,640 feet), making it the world’s largest full dish radio telescope. 

The dish-like telescope, as large as 30 football fields, costed 1.2 billion yuan (about $180 million)

Engineers work at the control centre for the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) on February 3, 2021 in Pingtang County, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province of China

It's able to scan twice the sky area covered by the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, the previous record holder for the largest single-aperture radio telescope in the world. 

FAST can deliver readings between three and five times more sensitive than those from Arecibo Observatory, which is why scientists have been hopeful the telescope could lead to a breakthrough in the search for alien life. 

A 65-person village was destroyed before construction of FAST began, and more than 9,000 people in the surrounding countryside were forced to relocate to create a three-mile radius around the telescope without any electromagnetic interference.

According to government officials, each person was given the equivalent of $1,800 in compensation for the relocation. 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

19-06-2022 om 21:43 geschreven door peter  

China claims to have caught signals from extraterrestrial civilizations

As shown in a report by the country Science and Technology Daily, China’s gigantic Sky Eye observatory may have picked up signals of alien civilizations. The news and posts about this finding subsequently appeared to be erased.

The world’s largest radio telescope, Sky Eye, had detected narrow-band electromagnetic signals, which were different from those previously captured, according to the report, which quotes Zhang Tonjie, chief scientist of an extraterrestrial civilization search team co-founded by Beijing Normal University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ National Astronomical Observatory, and also the University of California, Berkeley.

However, the news already had gained traction on the social network Weibo and was picked up by several other media outlets, including government ones, it is unclear why the study was evidently taken offline by the Science and Technology Daily, the official newspaper of China’s science and technology ministry.

Sky Eye, which has a diameter of 500 meters (1,640 feet) and is located in China’s southwestern Guizhou region, formally commenced a search for alien life in September 2020. According to the paper, the team discovered two sets of suspicious signals in 2020 while processing data acquired in 2019, and another suspect signal in 2022 from observation data of exoplanet targets.

According to Zhang, China’s Sky Eye is particularly sensitive to the low-frequency radio band and plays a crucial role in the hunt for extraterrestrial civilizations.

However, the odd signals might possibly be radio interference, requiring additional research, he warned.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

19-06-2022 om 21:24 geschreven door peter  

In this Exopolitics Today interview, Laura Eisenhower, the great granddaughter of President ‘Ike’ Eisenhower, discusses how she got involved in UFO and esoteric related topics. She discusses her family background and the meetings Ike had with different extraterrestrial groups, especially with Valiant Thor.

Laura explains how Ike was betrayed by the MJ-12 Group which made agreements with a negative extraterrestrial group without his approval that led to him being on the verge of authorizing the US Army to invade Area 51 to take control of classified extraterrestrial projects. She also explains an attempt by the Deep State/Cabal to recruit her to go to Mars 2006, where she would have been prevented from taking part in the great awakening happening right now on Earth. Laura shares her many insights into metaphysics, astrology, key figures in her spiritual work, and humanity’s great awakening.

• Interview Available on YouTube & Rumble
• Audio Podcast on Apple, Spotify, or Google

Laura Eisenhower’s website is Cosmicgaia.org

The “Galactic and Spiritual Informers Connection” conference will be held on October 21-23, 2022. Official website is galacticspiritualinformers.com

{ https://exopolitics.org/ }

19-06-2022 om 00:44 geschreven door peter  

A Rare Repeating Fast Radio Burst Gives Astronomers a Chance to Study These Mysterious Objects

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are among the most mysterious astronomical phenomena facing astronomers today. While hundreds of bursts have been detected since the first-ever recorded detection of an FRB in 2007 – the Lorimer Burst – astronomers are still unsure what causes them. Even more mysterious, some have occasionally been found to be repeating in nature, which has fueled speculation that they may not be natural in origin (i.e., possible alien transmissions?). Astronomers are naturally very excited whenever a repeating FRB is found, as it gives them the chance to examine them closer.

In a recent survey, an international team of scientists used three major telescopes worldwide to study a repeating FRB (known as FRB 190520) that was first observed in 2019. According to their observations, this particular FRB is not just a repeating source from a compact object but a persistent one that emits low-level bursts of radio waves between larger ones. These findings raise new questions about the nature of these mysterious objects and how they can be used as tools to probe the space between stars and galaxies.

The study that describes their findings, titled “A repeating fast radio burst associated with a persistent radio source,” was recently published in the journal Nature. The research was led by Catherine Hui Niu and Di Li of the National Astronomical Observatories (NAO) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Beijing and Kaspar Aggarwal of the Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology at West Virginia University. They were joined by researchers from Caltech, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, and multiple universities and observatories.

A Mystery

FRBs are short-lived, intense blasts of radio energy that typically last for a few milliseconds and are never heard from again. The first FRB was detected in 2007 by Duncan Lorimer, an astronomer at West Virginia University (hence the name “Lorimer Burst “) and several hundred have been detected ever since. Whereas most FRBs detected have been one-off events, a few have been repeating in nature and have even been traced back to their sources.

The study of FRBs has advanced considerably thanks to the creation of next-generation radio observatories like China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) and the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) – which commenced operations in 2016 and 2017 (respectively). Thanks to these facilities, astronomers have narrowed the list of possible causes and can now detect hundreds of bursts per year and track FRBs in real-time.

Because of these efforts, astronomers have found a strong link between repeating FRBs and magnetars, a highly-magnetized type of neutron star. Combined with global coordination efforts, astronomers have gathered a huge amount of data on these transient objects to the point that their transient nature is no longer impeding research into them.

Two of a Kind

FRB 190520 was first noticed by scientists at China’s FAST array on May 20th, 2019, after sifting through data obtained in November of that year. Follow-up observations conducted with FAST immediately afterward showed that this source was repeating in nature. In 2020, observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) pinpoint the object’s location, while visible-light observations with the Subaru Telescope in Hawaii showed that this placed it in the outskirts of a dwarf galaxy nearly 3 billion light-years from Earth.

The data obtained with the VLA also determined that the object constantly emits weaker radio waves between bursts. These observations provided the first information about the environment and distance of an FRB, which constituted a major breakthrough in the study of these objects. However, the combination of repeating bursts and persistent radio emissions from a compact region meant that this discovery was only the second of its kind. As Caltech astronomer (and study co-author) Casey Law explained, the only other object of this kind was FRB 121102, which was spotted in 2016.

“These characteristics make this one look a lot like the very first FRB whose position was determined — also by the VLA — back in 2016,” she said. “Now we have two like this, and that brings up some important questions.” The differences between these two sources and all others detected to date strengthen the possibility that there may be two distinct types of FRBs, something astronomers have long suspected.

Possible Explanations

The team proposed that these results could indicate one of two things. First, there’s the possibility that there may be different mechanisms producing the two types of FRBs observed (single events and repeating) or that the objects producing them may be at different stages in their evolution. As noted, the leading candidates for FRBs are thought to be neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields – called magnetars. But after examining FRB 190520, they came to the tentative conclusion that it may be a “newborn” neutron star.

Essentially, this means that the neutron star is still surrounded by dense clouds of dust and gas, which are the remains of the star’s outer layers that were ejected when it went supernova. The presence of this material, they claim, would explain the effect the source’s radio waves had on the surrounding environment. Like pulsars, FRBs affect the dust and gas that lies between star systems and galaxies, which astronomers can study to learn more about the material. For instance, when radio waves pass through space containing free electrons, higher-frequency waves travel faster than low-frequency waves.

This effect is known as “dispersion” and can be measured to determine the density of electrons in interstellar or intergalactic space. In instances where the density of electrons in the intervening space is known, FRBs can also be used to determine the distance between a source and Earth. When the team attempted to make distance measurements based on the dispersion effect FRB 190520 had on the surrounding gas and dust, the results indicated a distance of roughly 8 to 9.5 billion light-years. However, independent measurements based on the source’s Doppler shift produced an estimate of almost 3 billion light-years.

This explanation has multiple implications for the study of FRBs. For one, it demonstrates that repeating bursts could be characteristic of younger neutron stars and that these FRBs dwindle with age as the gas and dust clouds surrounding them dissipate. Second, it raises questions about how useful FRBs could be in determining the distances between celestial objects and the density of the space between them. Said Aggarwal:

“This means that there is a lot of material near the FRB that would confuse any attempt to use it to measure the gas between galaxies. If that’s the case with others, then we can’t count on using FRBs as cosmic yardsticks.”

While it is clear that many questions remain about the sources and mechanisms of Fast Radio Bursts, the progress being made in this field is astounding. Only fifteen years ago, astronomers had observed one for the first time and didn’t realize they came in two distinct forms. Today, FRBs are being detected and tracked by the hundreds, and astronomers are getting closer to determining the key characteristics of both types. In this sense, the field of FRB research is right up there with research into Gravitational Waves (GW), infrared astronomy, exoplanet studies, astrobiology, and others that are progressing by leaps and bounds!

• Further Reading: NRAO

The post A Rare Repeating Fast Radio Burst Gives Astronomers a Chance to Study These Mysterious Objects appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/156275/a-rare-repeating-fast-radio-burst-gives-astronomers-a-chance-to-study-these-mysterious-objects/

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18-06-2022 om 23:43 geschreven door peter  

Crashed Extraterrestrial Vehicle Retrieval Manual in Governmental The Majestic Documents: Origins and Impact Today

Dr. Robert Wood and Ryan Wood have been investigating leaked Majestic Documents since 1994 when the former was given a leaked copy of an apparent official document used by military personnel for retrieval operations of crashed extraterrestrial spacecraft. Dr. Wood had only a year earlier retired from a 43 year career with McDonnell Douglas/Douglas Aircraft company as an aerospace scientist on projects such as the Project Nike anti-missile defense system. He was helped in his document investigation by his son Ryan – who currently runs an alternative energy company. After a rigorous forensic investigation they concluded the SOM document was authentic. Over the subsequent years the Woods team have investigated many official documents that have security classifications such as MAJIC, MJ-12, MAJESTIC, JEHOVAH, and UMBRA.

Dr. Robert Wood and Ryan Wood have been investigating leaked Majestic Documents since 1994 when the former was given a leaked copy of an apparent official document used by military personnel for retrieval operations of crashed extraterrestrial spacecraft. Dr. Wood had only a year earlier retired from a 43 year career with McDonnell Douglas/Douglas Aircraft company as an aerospace scientist on projects such as the Project Nike anti-missile defense system. He was helped in his document investigation by his son Ryan – who currently runs an alternative energy company. After a rigorous forensic investigation they concluded the SOM document was authentic.

Over the subsequent years the Woods team have investigated many official documents that have security classifications such as MAJIC, MJ-12, MAJESTIC, JEHOVAH, and UMBRA. These have been compiled on a website created by Ryan called MajesticDocuments.com. He cited many Majestic Documents in his groundbreaking 2005 book, Majic Eyes Only, where he examined 74 crash retrieval cases.

In their first joint interview with Dr. Michael Salla, the Woods discuss how they got involved in researching the Majestic Documents, the contents of key documents for understanding UFO history. Especially significant was their research into the Burned Memo document which they concluded is linked to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy for his efforts to declassify the UFO topic.

These have been compiled on a website created by Ryan called MajesticDocuments.com. He cited many Majestic Documents in his groundbreaking 2005 book, Majic Eyes Only, where he examined 74 crash retrieval cases. In their first joint interview with Dr. Michael Salla, the Woods discuss how they got involved in researching the Majestic Documents, the contents of key documents for understanding UFO history. Especially significant was their research into the Burned Memo document which they concluded is linked to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy for his efforts to declassify the UFO topic. More information about Dr. Robert Wood and Ryan Wood is available at MajesticDocuments.com

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18-06-2022 om 23:30 geschreven door peter  

Strange Disney Movie Proves In 1959 They Were Able To Move a Hurricane!

In 1959 They Were Able To Move a Hurricane! A Walt Disney Presentation? BEOFRE we look to ‘Space Force’ lets analyze our past. Can you handle the truth? Examine the Past, Before we move Forward. #SpaceForce #Nasa #Dorian2019

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18-06-2022 om 23:19 geschreven door peter  

The Banned Disney UFO Documentary: Alien Encounters From New Tomorrowland

“Alien Encounters From New Tomorrowland” BANNED DISNEY UFO DOCUMENTARY In March of 1995, without warning, Disney aired a family special. the documentary was so controversial that it was pulled from the airwaves and banned from ever being shown again. Robert Urich, the legendary Jim Street in S.W.A.T. (1975), is the host of this voyage around the UFO’s and its mystery.

From New Tomorrowland, in Disneyland, Urich talks about UFO, contacts, evidence of it arrives, abductions, military documents, and other things that surround this controversial thematic. From the 30′s years ahead, the UFOs always have been there very close to us, every day, every time. Exist the aliens?,in truth, they come to planet Earth? Could it be a fiction created by the military?

And the last and most important question: if they exist, would they will be our friends…or our enemies? Written by Chockys

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18-06-2022 om 23:10 geschreven door peter  

NASA Lies Again Announcing Formation of Committee To Investigate UFOs! UFO Sighting News.

 NASA was created on July 29, 1958 in order to hide the existence of aliens from the public. Yeah its different than you thought, but its 100% true. 

This week NASA announced that its assembling a team to research the possibility of UFOs existing. Thats like asking a lion to kindly watch over and protect your baby lamb for a few days while you are away. The truth is NASA will create the UFO committee the same way and purpose that NASA itself was created for...to hide the truth about the existence of aliens from the public, but all the while drop feeding worthless scientific facts to the public which is meant to appease the curiosity of the public. 

I can give you a list of ten astronauts who each say they saw a UFO and give you word for word what they say about it. So if you want to go and believe a fake committee that is being created to discredit and disinform the public about the truth, go right ahead. However for over 64 years NASA has lived up to its public nickname, Never A Straight Answer. 

There is one and only one way for the truth to come out. For the public to hunt it down, grab it, and drag it out into the public square for all to see (Social Media). Only the public can reveal the truth, only the public has the trust of other people. The other countries around the world lost trust in America after the fake moon landings to make the USA appear as a world power...which by the way, are listed as fakes in lots of student history books worldwide. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

18-06-2022 om 20:55 geschreven door peter  

250km Wall Found On Mars South Pole! USGS Link! Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: June 17, 2022

Location of discovery: Mars South Pole

Source photo: 

• https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/search/map/Mars/Nomenclature/mc1_2014

Hey, I found this huge wall that crosses the right side of the south pole on Mars. The wall measures 250km long and about 45km tall. The ruler to get those measurements are on the bottom of the photo, placed there by NASA so you know its accurate. There are also a lot of other structures, a city, some 30km alien ships in craters, some square bases in craters and more. So many things in this photo, but understand, it was colorful, but I changed the photo into black and white so that I could see the structures better. Otherwise, it would be impossible to see. 

 

In a ten minute video, I revealed more than NASA did in the last 50 years! Do you still believe NASA offering to help research UFOs is a true offer of help from them? Because if you do, then I got a 30km aliens ship on Mars I want to sell you.

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

18-06-2022 om 20:52 geschreven door peter  

Space Relic Uncovered at UFO Crash Site

Ancient Astronaut Theorists travel to central New Mexico to examine a UFO crash site related to Roswell, in this clip from Season 15, “The Relics of Roswell.”

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

18-06-2022 om 20:37 geschreven door peter  

It still takes us five years to get an orbiter to Jupiter at our technological stage. There’s lots of talk about generation starships, where humans could live for generations while en route to a distant habitable planet. Those ships don’t need to reach anywhere near the speed of light; instead, entire generations of humans would live and die on a journey to another star that takes hundreds or thousands of years. It’s fun to think about but pure fantasy at this point.

Is there another way we, or other civilizations, could escape our doomed homes?

The author of a new research article in the International Journal of Astrobiology says that ETCs may not need starships to escape existential threats and travel to another star system. They could instead use free-floating planets, also known as rogue planets. The article is “Migrating extraterrestrial civilizations and interstellar colonization: implications for SETI and SETA.” The author is Irina Romanovskaya. Romanovskaya is a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Houston Community College.

“I propose that extraterrestrial civilizations may use free-floating planets as interstellar transportation to reach, explore and colonize planetary systems,” Romanovskaya writes. And when it comes to the search for other civilizations, these efforts could leave technosignatures and artifacts. “I propose possible technosignatures and artifacts that may be produced by extraterrestrial civilizations using free-floating planets for interstellar migration and interstellar colonization, as well as strategies for the search for their technosignatures and artifacts,” she said.

It’s possible that rogue planets, either in the Milky Way or some of the other hundreds of billions of galaxies, carry their own life with them in subsurface oceans kept warm by radiogenic decay. Then if they meet a star and become gravitationally bound, that life has effectively used a rogue planet to transport itself, hopefully, to somewhere more hospitable. So why couldn’t a civilization mimic that?

We think of free-floating planets as dark, cold, and inhospitable. And they are unless they have warm subsurface oceans. But they also offer some advantages. “Free-floating planets can provide constant surface gravity, large amounts of space and resources,” Romanovskaya writes. “Free-floating planets with surface and subsurface oceans can provide water as a consumable resource and for protection from space radiation.”

An advanced civilization could also engineer the planet for an even greater advantage by steering it and developing energy sources. Romanovskaya suggests that if we’re on the verge of using controlled fusion, then advanced civilizations might already be using it, which could change a frigid rogue planet into something that could support life.  

The author outlines four scenarios where ETCs could take advantage of rogue planets.

The first scenario involves a rogue planet that happens to pass by the homeworld of an ETC. How often that might occur is tied to the number of rogue planets in general. So far, we don’t know how many there are, but there are certainly some. In 2021, a team of researchers announced the discovery of between 70 and 170 rogue planets, each the size of Jupiter, in one region of the Milky Way. And in 2020, one study suggested there could be as many as 50 billion of them in our galaxy.

Where do they all come from? Most are likely ejected from their solar systems due to gravitational events, but some may form via accretion as stars do.

Another source of rogue planets is our Solar System’s Oort Cloud. If other systems also have a cloud of objects like this, they can be an abundant source of rogue planets ejected by stellar activity. Romanovskaya writes: “Stars with 1–7 times solar mass undergoing the post-main-sequence evolution, as well as a supernova from a 7–20 times solar mass progenitor, can eject Oort-cloud objects from their systems so that such objects become unbound from their host stars.”

But how often can an ETC, or our civilization, expect a rogue planet to come close enough to hitchhike on? A 2015 study showed that the binary star W0720 (Scholz’s star) passed through our Solar System’s Oort Cloud about 70,000 years ago. While that was a star and not a planet, it shows that objects pass relatively close by. If the studies that predict billions of free-floating planets are correct, then some of them likely passed close by, or right through, the Oort Cloud long before we had the means to detect them.

The Oort Cloud is a long way away, but a sufficiently advanced civilization could have the capability to see a rogue planet approaching and go out and meet it.µ

The second scenario involves using technology to steer a rogue planet closer to a civilization’s home. With sufficient technology, they could choose an object from their own Oort Cloud—assuming they have one—and use a propulsion system to direct it towards a safe orbit near their planet. With sufficient lead time, they could adapt the object to their needs, for example, by building underground shelters and other infrastructure. Maybe, with adequate technology, they could alter or create an atmosphere.

The third scenario is similar to the second one. It also involves an object from the civilization’s outer Solar System. Romanovskaya uses the dwarf planet Sedna in our Solar System as an example. Sedna has a highly eccentric orbit that takes it from 76 AUs from the Sun to 937 AU in about 11,000 years. With sufficient technology and lead time, an object like Sedna could be turned into an escape ship. The author notes that “Civilizations capable of doing so would be advanced civilizations that already have their planetary systems explored to the distances of at least 60 AU from their host stars.”

There are lots of potential problems. Bringing a dwarf planet from the distant reaches of the Solar System into the inner Solar System could disrupt the orbits of other planets, leading to all sorts of hazards. But the dangers are mitigated if a civilization around a post-main sequence star has already migrated outward with the changing habitable zone. Romanovskaya discusses the energy needed and the timing required in more detail in her article.

The fourth scenario also involves objects like Sedna. When a star leaves the main sequence and expands, there’s a critical distance where objects will be ejected from the system rather than remain gravitationally bound to the dying star. If an ETC could accurately determine when these objects would be ejected as rogue planets, they could prepare it beforehand and ride it out of the dying solar system. That could be extraordinarily perilous, as periods of violent mass loss from the star creates an enormous hazard.

In all of these scenarios, the rogue planet or other body isn’t a permanent home; it’s a lifeboat. “For all the above scenarios, free-floating planets may not serve as a permanent means of escape from existential threats,” the author explains. “Because of the waning heat production in their interior, such planets eventually fail to sustain oceans of liquid water (if such oceans exist).” 

Free-floating planets are also isolated and have fewer resources than planets in a solar system. There are no asteroids to mine, for example, and no free solar energy. There are no seasons and no night and day. There are no plants, animals, or even bacteria. They’re simply a means to an end. “Therefore, instead of making free-floating planets their permanent homes, extraterrestrial civilizations would use the free-floating planets as interstellar transportation to reach and colonize other planetary systems,” writes Romanovskaya.

In her article, Professor Romanovskaya speculates where this could lead. She envisions a civilization that does this more than once, not to escape a dying star but to spread throughout a galaxy and colonize it. “In this way, the parent-civilization may create unique and autonomous daughter-civilizations inhabiting different planets, moons or regions of space.”

“A civilization of Cosmic Hitchhikers would act as a ‘parent-civilization’ spreading the seeds of ‘daughter-civilizations’ in the form of its colonies in planetary systems,” she writes. “This applies to both biological and post-biological species.”

Humanity is only in the early stages of protecting ourselves from catastrophic asteroid impacts, and we can’t yet manage our planet’s climate with any degree of stability. So thinking about using rogue planets to keep humanity alive seems pretty far-fetched. But Romanovskaya’s research isn’t about us; it’s about detecting other civilizations.

All of this activity could create technosignatures and artifacts that signified the presence of an ETC. The research article outlines what they might be and how we could detect them. Rogue planets used as lifeboats could create technosignatures like electromagnetic emissions or other phenomena.

An ETC could use solar sails to control a rogue planet or use them on a spaceship launched from a rogue planet once they have reached their destination. In either case, solar sails produce a technosignature: cyclotron radiation. Maneuvering either a spacecraft or a rogue planet with solar sails would produce “… cyclotron radiation caused by the interaction of the interstellar medium with the magnetic sail.”

Infrared emissions could be another technosignature emitted as waste heat by an ETC on a rogue planet. An excessive amount of infrared or unnatural changes in the amount of infrared could be detected as a technosignature. Infrared could be emitted unevenly across the planet’s surface, indicating underlying engineering or technology. An unusual mix of different wavelengths of electromagnetic energy could also be a technosignature.

The atmosphere itself, if one existed, could also hold technosignatures. Depending on what was observed, it could contain evidence of terraforming.

For now, astronomers don’t know how many rogue planets there are or if they’re concentrated in some areas of the galaxy. We’re at the starting line when it comes to figuring these things out. But soon, we may get a better idea.

The Vera Rubin Observatory should see first light by 2023. This powerful observatory will image the entire available sky every few nights, and it’ll do it in fine detail. It houses the largest digital camera ever made: a 3.2 gigabyte CCD.

The Vera Rubin will be especially good at detecting transients, that is, anything that changes position or brightness in a couple of days. It’ll have a good chance of spotting any interlopers like rogue planets that might approach our Solar System.

There’s a strong possibility that some of those rogue planets will exhibit unusual emissions or puzzling phenomena. Scientists will probably puzzle over them as they did over Oumuamua.

Maybe another civilization more advanced than us has already faced an existential threat from their dying star. Maybe they made a Herculean effort to capture a rogue planet and engineer it to suit their needs. Maybe they’ve already boarded it and launched it towards a distant, stable, long-lived yellow star, with rocky planets in its habitable zone. Maybe they’re wondering if there’s any life at their destination and how they might be received after their long journey.

• Research Article: Migrating extraterrestrial civilizations and interstellar colonization: implications for SETI and SETA
• The Planetary Society: Is life possible on rogue planets and moons?
• Universe Today: Rogue Planets Could be Habitable

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

18-06-2022 om 01:18 geschreven door peter