‘Spaghettified’ star wrapped around a black hole spotted for the first time

A black hole enjoyed one stellar spaghetti dinner and astronomers were able to witness the event from 215 million light-years away in a spiral galaxy in the Eridanus constellation.

Astronomers saw the light from a star being devoured and ripped apart by a supermassive black hole using telescopes at the European Southern Observatory in Chile. Although it sounds incredibly far away, this event was the closest flaring death throes of a star astronomers have seen to date.

And apparently, what the astronomers witnessed was the "spaghettificaton" of the star.

"When an unlucky star wanders too close to a supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy, the extreme gravitational pull of the black hole shreds the star into thin streams of material," said Thomas Wevers, study coauthor and an ESO fellow in Santiago, Chile, in a statement. Wevers was at the University of Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy as he worked on this research.

When these thin strands of the star's material fall into the black hole, they release a bright energetic flare that can be detected by astronomers.

Spaghettification events are much more rare to observe and harder to study. But the researchers had the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope and New Technology Telescope aimed in the right place after spying a new flash of light last year that was located close to a supermassive black hole.

"The idea of a black hole 'sucking in' a nearby star sounds like science fiction. But this is exactly what happens in a tidal disruption event," said Matt Nicholl, lead study author and a lecturer and Royal Astronomical Society research fellow at the University of Birmingham in the UK, in a statement.

The study published Monday in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Although the light from the star was incredibly bright, it was still difficult for the astronomers to study because dust and debris created by the event helped to obscure it from view. Energy released during the black hole's mealtime actually pushed out the star's debris in a type of curtain.

"We found that, when a black hole devours a star, it can launch a powerful blast of material outwards that obstructs our view," said Samantha Oates, study coauthor and researcher at the University of Birmingham, in a statement.

Astronomers began observing the event shortly after the star was ripped apart and continued to use different telescopes and instruments to study it in detail over six months as the light from the star initially grew and then faded.

"Because we caught it early, we could actually see the curtain of dust and debris being drawn up as the black hole launched a powerful outflow of material with velocities up to 10,000 km/s," said Kate Alexander, study coauthor and NASA Einstein fellow at Northwestern University, in a statement. "This unique 'peek behind the curtain' provided the first opportunity to pinpoint the origin of the obscuring material and follow in real time how it engulfs the black hole."

Observations were taken in multiple wavelengths of light, including optical, X-ray, ultraviolet and radio light. These different wavelengths revealed a direct link between the bright flare witnessed as the star was consumed by the black hole and the material flowing out from the star.

"The observations showed that the star had roughly the same mass as our own Sun, and that it lost about half of that to the monster black hole, which is over a million times more massive," Nicholl said.

The study furthers how astronomers understand black holes and this particular event, dubbed AT2019qiz, could be used as a "Rosetta stone" for similar events in the future.

{ https://www.thespaceacademy.org/ }

31-07-2022 om 22:47 geschreven door peter  

Triangular UFOs: New Historical Cases and Validated Insights -David Marler

NOTE ANDRE SKONDRAS

Do you want to hear some "common sense" in terms of critical rational thinking about UFOs? Then pay close attention to researcher and archivist David Marler's most recent presentation on Triangular UFOs throughout history. He factually refutes the UFO debunking claims in this presentation. Well-done job, David!

Description video

For over 20 years, David Marler has been investigating a particular subset of the UFO phenomenon – triangular UFOs. In his 2013 groundbreaking book, Triangular UFOs – An Estimate of the Situation, he established a working profile of these anomalous aerial objects by highlighting their repeatedly-reported characteristics and flight dynamics. Those conclusions were derived from his vast historical UFO materials and research at the time.

Since then, The David Marler Historical UFO Archive Collection has grown by leaps and bounds. Of particular note was the receipt of the world’s largest historical UFO case file collection in November of 2020. This consists of hundreds (if not thousands) of case files from: Civilian Saucer Intelligence of New York (CSI-NY), The National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP), and The Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS). In addition, it includes the personal Air Force Project Blue Book files of Dr. J. Allen Hynek.

In reviewing this vast treasure trove of historical UFO case files dating back to the late 1940s, David noted there were triangular UFO case reports that had never been seen by the general public. When reading these accounts, they served as the best outside validation for what David outlined in his book. Namely, the reported details and characteristics matched what other witnesses had described in reference to these triangular UFOs. However, the vast majority of these accounts date back from the 1950s, 60s, and 70s.

This presentation will share with the public, for the first time, historical UFO case files and audio recordings relating to triangular UFO reports that pre-date stealth technology and the modern period of UFO reporting. Enjoy this journey back to the early years of the UFO phenomenon where we see that the past was indeed prologue for the future of triangular UFO reports.

Presentation from the 2022 Ozark Mountain UFO Conference.

RELATED VIDEOS  ( peter2011 )

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

31-07-2022 om 22:23 geschreven door peter  

Narcissus: An Ancient Tragic Story with Many Modern Parallels

The Greek tale of the self-absorbed yet staggeringly handsome Narcissus is a famous and ancient one. Despite its age, the myth remains famous to this day and provides a moral warning against becoming selfish and uncaring towards others.

The Narcissus story is so influential, in fact, that his name has been given to the mental condition narcissism which is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy for others. Narcissus’ life has also influenced popular culture for centuries and even provided the inspiration for the name of the Harry Potter character Narcissa Malfoy.

Whilst the most popular and well-known versions of the myth contain nymphs, warnings from the Gods and blind seers, the integral moral of the story remains influential. The story also acts as an explanation for the origin of the Narcissus flower (daffodil) and for the origin of echoes.

Primary Sources Give Some Info About Narcissus’ Life

There are a couple of surviving stories about Narcissus’ life, all of which differ somewhat but have the same central story with the same moral teachings.

The main primary source of the myth is Ovid’s Metamorphoses where the story is told in Book III. Ovid was a Roman poet who was born in the city around 43 BC and died in 16 or 17 AD. He traveled throughout his life to a number of Greek territories like Asia Minor and Athens.

• The Unshakeable Power of Zeus, Prime Mover of Ancient Greek Deities
• The Real Story of Medusa: Protective Powers from a Snake-Haired Gorgon

In 2 AD he began his Metamorphoses which is considered his magnum opus comprising 11,995 lines, 15 books and over 250 myths. This colossal poem chronicles the history of the world from its beginning until the deification of Julius Caesar. It also contains the longest version of the myth.

Another earlier but less complete source for the story of Narcissus is a version composed in 50 BC and thought to be the work of the poet Partenius of Nicaea. This work was discovered in 2004 by Dr Benjamin Henry within the Oxyrhynchus papyri at Oxford. The only difference between this telling and Ovid’s is the ending.

A third source for the tale of Narcissus’ life was composed by Conon who was a Greek grammarian and mythographer. His ending is similar to that of Partenius. The tale is also told by the Greek traveler and geographer Pausanias in Book IX of his Description of Greece .

Echo and Narcissus in painting from 1627 by Nicolas Poussin.

(Nicolas Poussin / Public domain )

Narcissus in Ovid’s Metamorphoses

Ovid’s telling of Narcissus’ life is perhaps the most well know version today. It begins with the birth of Narcissus. His parents were the God of the River, Cephissus, and the nymph Liriope. Ovid claims that Cephissus was not a nice man and had forced Liriope into his bed, and consequently the nymph became pregnant.

Narcissus, from his birth and throughout his life was incredibly handsome . When Liriope consulted a seer (named Tiresias) after his birth and asked if her son would live a long life, the seer stated that Narcissus would live a long life if he did not look at himself.

Narcissus managed to live his early life and not discover himself. His beauty became known, and men and women alike were said to be throwing themselves at him. However, Narcissus was not fazed by any of them and ignored all of their advances.

One day he was walking in the woods when an Oread (a mountain nymph) named Echo spotted him. Echo, like so many women before her, instantly fell deeply in love with the handsome Narcissus. She proceeded to follow him through the wood.

However, she was hesitant to speak to this beautiful man because, according to Ovid, the nymph suffered from a speech impediment that was a result of a curse by Juno (or Hera), the wife of Zeus. It was known that Zeus had a particular fondness for nymphs, and this had made Juno extremely jealous. It was said that every time Juno would almost catch Zeus with a nymph Echo would distract the unknowing wife.

When Juno eventually found out she punished Echo by removing her ability to communicate properly so she could only say the last few words that were spoken to her. She could therefore not talk to Narcissus first and instead had to wait for him to talk to her.

Another version of the hopeless heartbreak “bubble” Echo lived in because Narcissus was more interested in himself, from a painting by Francesco Xanto Avelli from 1535.

(Francesco Xanto Avelli / CC BY-SA 2.0 )

After some time, Narcissus heard Echo following him through the wood and he called out “Who’s there?” Echo repeated his questions and was eventually convinced by Narcissus to reveal herself.

Echo then immediately attempted to embrace Narcissus, however, he refused and stepped away from the nymph.

“Away with these encircling hands! May I die before what’s mine is yours. She answers,
“What’s mine is yours!” 

(Metamorphoses, Book III)

The heartbroken Echo spent the rest of her life in misery, she lived alone in the glens until nothing remained of her but an echo.

Narcissus continues to break the hearts of numerous lovers. One even went as far as to curse him that he may suffer as he has caused others to suffer. The Goddess of Revenge, Nemesis, eventually heard of this tale and noticed Narcissus’ behavior. She decided to punish the selfish man. During the summer when Narcissus became thirsty, she lured him to a pool and when he leaned down to the water he gazed upon his own reflection. Not realizing it was his own reflection, Narcissus fell deeply in love with himself, believing it was someone else.

• Temple of Nemesis Found Under A Greek Theater. And Here is Why
• Roman Mythology of the Ages of Man, Metamorphoses and the Founding of Rome

He was unable to remove himself from looking at his own reflection but soon realized that his love could not be reciprocated when he attempted to kiss or hold the reflection. However, his confusion is amplified when the image in the pool reciprocated his winks and waves. Narcissus could not understand why he could not secure what he so desperately desired.

Narcissus was tormented by this and by the time he realized it was his reflection it was too late, and he had already fallen in love with himself. Because he now knew he could never obtain what he truly wanted his body melted away from the passion he felt burning inside him.

When Echo returns to the place where Narcissus had been staring into his own eyes to recover his body for the funeral, she found in his place a gold and white flower. This flower would become known as the Narcissus flower, or the daffodil.

Ameinias spurned lover of Narcissus, who committed suicide as his love turned to madness, sculpted by Malcolm Lidbury for the 2016 Cornwall LGBT History project.

(Pinkpasty / CC BY 4.0 )

Narcissus According to Other Stories about Him

Parthenius tells much of the same story, however, rather than slowly decaying because of his yearning, Narcissus lost his will to live and committed suicide.

Canon’s version of the story was written at roughly the same time as Ovid’s however, this also differs slightly. First of all, rather than a nymph named Echo, a young man by the name of Ameinias falls in love with Narcissus after the latter had already turned away many male suitors.

Like those before him, Narcissus rejects Ameinias and gives him a sword. As a result of this rejection, Ameinias commits suicide on Narcissus’ doorstep. Ameinias had prayed to the gods to give the selfish Narcissus a lesson and make him learn from all the pain he had caused.

Narcissus then walked to a pool of water and decided to have a drink. As he bent down, he gazed upon his own reflection and fell in love. When he realized this love was futile, he killed himself because he could not obtain what he desired most.

In his work, Pausanias summarized Ovid’s story. Pausanias did not believe that a man old enough to fall in love would be stupid enough to not realize it was his own reflection upon which he was staring. So, Pausanias changed the story slightly, to make it more believable. Rather than falling in love with a nymph named Echo or a man named Ameinias, Narcissus was actually mourning the death of his beloved twin sister and was gazing at his own reflection to recall her features. In this telling, the spring in front of which Narcissus wastes away is located on a mountain top and is part of the river Lamus in a place called Donacon.

What all the versions share, however, is the inherent negative link between Narcissus and the act of gazing upon his reflection. It is possible that this was derived from the ancient Greek superstition that it was unlucky and sometimes even fatal to see your own reflection.

A fine Narcissus fresco from Pompeii showing the pool reflection he was in love with.

( CC0)

Narcissus’ Legacy

The myth of Narcissus has had a lasting effect on humans. He was a very popular subject in Roman art and appears prominently in 50 paintings from Pompeii alone. His name has been given, in Freudian psychiatry and psychoanalysis, to the mental condition that leaves one with an “inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, troubled relationships and a lack of empathy for others.” The myth also had a huge influence on Dante and Shakespeare.

After losing influence after the Renaissance, it came back and inspired more creatives. The myth appears in a number of 20th-century works of art and music and provides a warning against self-obsession which was particularly influential during the age of individualism.

The Origins of Narcissus’ Story

Because there is a lack of stories based on Narcissus and Echo, many scholars today believe that the myth may have originated with Ovid. According to Ingo Gildenhard and Andrew Zissos, this story actually interrupted the poetic pattern of Metamorphoses suggesting that the story may have been an afterthought and placed in the work to verify the validity of the prophet Tiresias (the seer). Ovid’s version, nevertheless, was then retold by later poets and has become not only an explanation for where the flower originated but also why echoes exist.

W. S. Anderson has argued that the language used in Ovid’s tale is formed in a way to discourage the audience from feeling any kind of sympathy for Narcissus. The poet stresses that he deserved everything that happened to him because of the horrible way he treated those who fell in love with him, particularly Echo.

• Unravelling the Roots of Hera, the Wrathful Goddess of Marriage
• An Outstanding Narcissus Painting is Found in Pompeii… Would it Have Pleased Him?

In Pausanias’ telling, however, the author takes a different stance. By rationalizing the story, Pausanias expresses his belief that Ovid’s version is foolish. Here, Echo and the will of the Gods are omitted. He even argues that the flower had existed long before Narcissus and his story. He effectively warped the story from one which explained the origins of the flower and of echoes into one purely for entertainment.

Despite this, and as already mentioned, both stories end with Narcissus’ death as a result of gazing into the pool and at his own reflection. Because of this he dies completely alone with no awareness of his surroundings. Both authors are conveying the same moral message that it is not good to be self-absorbed. The story warns that being so will only end in loneliness.

• Top image: Echo and Narcissus in a painting by John William Waterhouse, and one senses that Narcissus has already fallen in love with himself for all time.                       
• Source: John William Waterhouse / Public domain

By Molly Dowdeswell

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

31-07-2022 om 21:06 geschreven door peter  

Earth’s Magnetic Field Almost Completely Collapsed 550 Million Years Ago

More than half a billion years ago, Earth experienced an almost-complete collapse of its magnetic field. It began in the early Cambrian period. Then, after a period of about 15 million years, the field began to grow again. The cause of that collapse and the bounceback of the field was a mystery. Then, a group of geologists studied rocks from Oklahoma that were created during that time. Magnetic markers in the rocks’ minerals pointed toward an event that began some 550 million years ago. That was before the introduction of multicellular life on our planet.

Look Deep into the Core

To understand what happened, look at our planet’s structure. Most of us learn in school that Earth is composed of layers. There’s the crust, where you’re sitting reading this right now. Underneath that is the mantle, Earth’s thickest layer. It lies over the molten outer core, which surrounds the solid inner core. That inner core has two parts—an outermost inner core and an innermost inner core. The core region lies some 2900 kilometers beneath the surface. The swirling action of liquid iron in the outer core is what generates our magnetic field. If it weren’t for that activity, we wouldn’t have a protective shield against the solar wind. In fact, without it, our planet might be more like Mars today.

So, what happened in the core? Why did our magnetic field fade to almost 10 percent of its strength and then regenerate again? According to John Tarduno, a professor of geophysics at the University of Rochester in New York, the cause was the formation of Earth’s solid inner core.

“The inner core is tremendously important,” he said. “Right before the inner core started to grow, the magnetic field was at the point of collapse, but as soon as the inner core started to grow, the field was regenerated.”

Paleomagnetism Reveals Changes in Our Magnetic Field

In a recent paper, Tarduno and a team of researchers cited crucial dates in the inner core’s history. They also gave a precise age estimate for the collapse and regeneration. Since they can’t reach down into the core and directly observe it, how did they figure out when these events happened? The team turned to paleomagnetism to find an answer. That’s the study of magnetic markers in rocks that were created when the rocks formed. Geologists often use this to trace the records of other changes in Earth’s magnetic field, such as pole-flipping.

Earth’s magnetic field stretches out from the core through the mantle and crust and out into space. It’s impossible to measure the magnetic field inside Earth directly. That’s due to the location and extreme temperatures of materials in the core. So, geologists thought of a better way. They looked for paleomagnetic markers in rocks and minerals that rose to the surface. Those markers are like tiny needles that lock in the direction and intensity of the magnetic field that existed when the minerals cooled after forming.

Tarduno and his team wanted to pinpoint the age and growth of Earth’s inner core using paleomagnetism to measure those particles. So, they used a CO2 laser and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer to analyze feldspar crystals from the rock anorthosite and study their perfect magnetic markers.

Dating Rocks Using Magnetism For the Win

By studying the magnetism locked in those ancient crystals, the researchers determined two new important dates. The first was when the magnetic field began to strengthen after nearly collapsing 15 million years earlier. That rapid regrowth was due to the formation of a solid inner core. It actually recharged the molten outer core and restored the magnetic field’s strength.

Another interesting thing happened about 450 million years ago. That’s when the growing inner core’s structure changed. The result was a boundary between the innermost and outermost inner core. Far above the core, changes to the mantle took place due to plate tectonics on the surface.

Paleomagnetism made this new understanding of Earth’s core possible, according to Tarduno. “Because we constrained the inner core’s age more accurately, we could explore the fact that the present-day inner core is actually composed of two parts,” he said. “Plate tectonic movements on Earth’s surface indirectly affected the inner core, and the history of these movements is imprinted deep within Earth in the inner core’s structure.”

What about Magnetic Fields Elsewhere?

The team’s research into paleomagnetic clues to Earth’s interior evolution provides clues about the history and evolution of our planet. It also offers insight into how it became habitable. Finally, their work has implications for understanding the evolution of other planets in the solar system. Things could well be very different if they had no magnetic fields. For example, Mars once had a magnetic field, but it dissipated more than 4 billion years ago. That left the planet vulnerable to the solar wind and likely played a role in the loss of Martian oceans.

It’s not clear if Earth would have suffered the same fate if its magnetic field hadn’t regenerated. Tarduno said that our planet would have lost a lot of its water if the magnetic field had not come back. “The planet would be much drier and very different than the planet today,” he pointed out. “This research really highlights the need to have something like a growing inner core that sustains a magnetic field over the entire lifetime—many billions of years—of a planet.”

For More Information

• How did Earth avoid a Mars-like fate? Ancient rocks hold clues
• Early Cambrian renewal of the geodynamo and the origin of inner core structure

The post Earth’s Magnetic Field Almost Completely Collapsed 550 Million Years Ago appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/156969/earths-magnetic-field-almost-completely-collapsed-550-million-years-ago/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

31-07-2022 om 20:49 geschreven door peter  

The first findings of the James Webb telescope might revolutionize the views of the formation of galaxies

The first preliminary findings of the James Webb telescope, the successor of the Hubble telescope, are in conflict with the standard view of the formation of galaxies. The YouTube video (see this) “James Webb Found Galaxies That Sort of Break Modern Theories” gives a good summary of these findings. The findings are also summarized in an article in Nature (see this) with the title “Four revelations from the Webb telescope about distant galaxies”.

The official story of the formation of galaxies goes roughly as follows.

1. Around 3 minutes of cosmic time, the cosmic microwave background emerged as the first atoms formed and radiation decoupled from matter.
2. When the age of the Universe was more than about .1 billion years, the first stars were formed. They lived their life and exploded as supernovas and yielded interstellar hydrogen gas. Galaxies started to form. One can see this process as a gravitational condensation. What is essential is that this process went from long to short scales, just as the formation of stars in the earlier phase.
3. The model gives a stringent upper bound for the age of the galaxies. They should be younger than the oldest observed stars. This limit gives an upper bound for the distance of the galaxy, that is for its redshift.

The first, preliminary, observations of the James Webb telescope were galaxies with redshifts up to 16. Even redsshift extending to 20 have been speculated in arXiv papers. Redshift 16 would correspond to the age of 250 million years and redshift of 20 to the age of 200 million years. They are too far to fit into the official picture. To get some perspective, note that the estimate for the age of the Universe is 13.8 billion years.

The ages of these galaxies were few hundred million years and of the same order as the estimated ages of about 100 million years of the hypothetical population III stars (see this), which are thought to be the oldest stars but have not not (yet?) detected. The criterion for the age of the star is its metal content: the first stars should have contained only hydrogen and Helium and “metal” here means anything heavier than Helium. The suggestive conclusion is that there was a significant population of star forming galaxies in the early universe. This challenges the standard view stating that stars came first and led to the formation of galaxies.

TGD proposes an unofficial view of the formation of galaxies (see this, this and this).

1. In the very beginning the Universe was dominated by cosmic strings, which were space-time surfaces in H=M⁴× CP₂ having 2-dimensional M⁴ projection. They were not “Einsteinian” space-time surfaces with 4-D M⁴ projection and have no counterpart in general relativity.
2. Cosmic strings were unstable against thickening of the M⁴ projection to 4-D one. Phase transitions thickening the cosmic strings occurred and increased their thickness and reduced string tension so that part of their energy transformed to ordinary matter. This is the TGD counterpart for inflation.

This process led to radiation dominated Universe and the local description of the Universe as an Einsteinian 4-surface became a good approximation and is used in standard cosmology based on the standard model as a QFT limit of TGD.

At this moment the thickness of the thickened strings would be around 100 micrometers, which corresponds to a length scale around large neuron size. Water blob with this size has mass of order Planck mass. The connection with biology is suggestive cite{btart/penrose,watermorpho,waterbridge}.

• The liberated dark energy (and possible dark matter, dark in the TGD sense) assignable to cosmic strings produced quasars, which in the TGD framework are identified as time reversals of the ordinary galactic blackholes. They did not extract matter from the environment but feeded darl energy as matter to the environment as jets. Jets are observed and explained in terms of the magnetic field due to the rotation of the galaxy.

The jets are somewhat problematic in the GRT based cosmology since the simplest, non-rotating Schwarzschild blackholes do not allow them. The rotating blackholes identifiable as Kerr-Newman blackholes accompanied by magnetic fields, also have some interpretational problems. For instance, the arrow of time can be said to be different in the nearby and faraway regions and closed time-like geodesics are possible. In TGD, this could have an interpretation in terms of zero energy ontology (ZEO). The matter from the jets would have eventually led to the formation of atoms, stars, and galaxies.

• What is essential is that the formation of galaxies proceeds from short to long scales rather than vice versa as in the standard cosmology. A second essential point is that the dark energy (and possible dark matter) concentrated at cosmic strings was added to the ordinary matter predicted by the standard model to be present in the radiation dominated cosmology. This led to the formation of galaxies. Therefore this picture is consistent with the standard story as far as the formation of atoms and emergence of CMB is considered. The possibility considered in the TGD framework (see this, this and this) is that quasars are time reversed black-holes (this property can be formulated precisely in zero energy ontology (ZEO), which forms the basis of TGD based quantum measurement theory) (see this, this and this). Note that the time reversal property would hold true in long time scales at the magnetic body (MB) defined by the monopole flux tubes produced by the thickening of the cosmic strings. For ordinary matter, the scale for the time spent with a given arrow of time is very short but MB with a large gravitational Planck constant can force ordinary matter to effectively behave like its time reversed version.

There is indeed quite recent support for the proposal that quasars are time reversals of blackhole-like objects identified in the TGD framework as monopole flux tube tangles. The Hubble telescope detected a dwarf galaxy at a distance of 30 million light years for which the number of stars is about 10 per cent for that in the Milky Way. Its center contains a blackhole-like object (see this), which did not extract matter from the environment but did just the opposite by jets, which gave rise to a formation of stars.

The observations challenging the basic dogma of blackhole physics are not new and during the writing of an article about galactic jets I got the impression that one of the basic challenges is to explain why some blackholes do just the opposite of what they should do.

See the chapter TGD View of the Engine Powering Jets from Active Galactic Nuclei or the article with the same title.

For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

• Articles related to TGD

Source:

•  http://matpitka.blogspot.com/2022/07/the-first-findings-of-james-webb.html

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

31-07-2022 om 20:35 geschreven door peter  

Red Lights Over Huntington Beach, California July 30, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

 

Date of sighting: July 30, 2022
Location of sighting: Huntington Beach, California, USA

 

An eyewitness in California caught sight of four glowing red spheres yesterday. The glowing objects are moving very fast and unusual. The area was at Lake Stevens, which makes me wonder if it came from below the water or not. UFOs travel in our atmosphere, space and underwater, but probably more. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

Waiting at lundeen park here in lake stevens I was laying down on the dock waiting for the firework show to start when I seen the string of 4 lights then a minute or so later the second string came. Watching the starlight video it could have been that but the lights were spectated by several hundred feet possibly more moving at a higher than normal rate of speed I have one two clips one I was following them and the other has a stationary star in the view I would say satellite but I’ve been watching them for years and never seen them move at the speed I seen these move. If I was to give a height I’d have to say just below or just above the earth’s atmosphere. Hopefully you can help me out.  I Walt have my eyes to the sky. And hopefully the videos show up I took it on an IPhone 11.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

31-07-2022 om 18:26 geschreven door peter  

The mysterious peeing tree of Taiwan 🇹🇼, video, breaking world news.

I was at a BNB near the beach in Taiwan and two birds landed on my shoulders and stayed on me for 25 min, until I walked back to the BNB area and looked at the mysterious peeing tree. The birds seemed to like it and finally left landing on the tree. This tree got into Two TV News stations here in Taiwan so even they find it unique. On vacation....in Taiwan. 

 Scott C. Waring

 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

31-07-2022 om 18:20 geschreven door peter  

Beach in Taiwan, Two Birds Landed On Me, July 30, 2022, Taiwan Breaking News

I was at a BNB yesterday and decided to take a walk on the beach looking for fossils and sapphires, when suddenly a bird landed on my shoulder and then another on the other shoulder. I looked up and found two beautiful love birds panting hard from the 100F heat here. I let them ride me while I searched then I decided to carry them back to the BNB area where our neighbor BNB owns the birds, then I visited the mysterious peeing tree which just started this week. There the birds flew onto the tree after riding me 25 min. 

 

Funny thing, one of the birds kept at my necklace until it had unlatched three latches that locked it, before it fell off. I caught it and hid it in my pocket, but then they went for my watch...they love shiny news things. LOL, very playful and curious animals. I fed them back at the BNB and gave them some cold water. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

31-07-2022 om 18:16 geschreven door peter  

Found a fossil on the beach in Taiwan just like searching NASA photos for similar things. UFO Sighting News.

Hey all, I found this fossil when I went to a BNB along the southern east side of Taiwan. I was looking for fossils. Its something I enjoy doing in hopes of making a find worthy to give to the local museum. This interesting to me. Paleontology and archeology are to passions I have. This is a fossil of stringray teeth. Stringrays have about 5-8 rows of teeth. This particular fossil seems to be about 150-200,000,000 years old. I determined this from other fossils I have seen, held and studied. But this is the first stingray teeth I have found. I was actually intently searching for fossil shark teeth, but its rare in Taiwan. Never heard of anyone finding any, but so is this fossil of stingray teeth. Was going to take a video, but was too hot and two love birds landed on my shoulder for 25 minutes making this awkward. 

Searching for fossils is just like searching in NASA photos for similar ancient artifacts. The only difference is I'm not there in person doing it...which by the way...I would love doing. So...link the similarities...this is what I do. 

I see here in Taiwan that people are worried about China invading. Chinese war ships and jets are having a military exercise, but Taiwanese think its a possible invasion in progress...due to US Nancy Pelosi visiting us in Taiwan. Not sure what will happen if China invades, but I will do my best to keep updating you on this situations if they do. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

31-07-2022 om 18:12 geschreven door peter  

2 UFOs filmed in Atlanta during severe electrical storm YESTERDAY

This strange UFO aerial phenomenon was filmed over Atlanta, Georgia yesterday.

Witness report:

I filmed this in Atlanta early this morning 7/30/2022.

A severe electrical storm rolled through the neighborhood so I decided to see if I could get some cool lightning videos. As soon as I walked on my patio, a bolt of lightning struck the parking lot 30 feet away. I quickly propped up my phone and retreated inside. Upon reviewing the footage this morning with my wife, I noticed some orbs I could see on my phone screen. Only when the video was cast to my huge flat screen did I notice the lights. Two orbs appeared directly after the flash, and remained there bobbing. One disappears a few times and returns. Keep in mind, the sky was 100% overcast, these lights were below the clouds. They are dancing/bobbing in a weird way. You can see the tree in the foreground not moving the same as the orbs.

KillerBlueWaffles @ Reddit

RELATED VIDEOS

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

31-07-2022 om 17:55 geschreven door peter  

UFO filmed over Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

This UFO video was filmed back in 2018 but it was just now submitted to MUFON’s website. It happened over Philadelphia, PA.

Witness report: 

Observed a kidney-bean or peanut shaped dark black object moving around the Philadelphia skyline on July 3, 2018. The object seemed to have a direction and moved at a steady pace from the NE to SW direction before we lost sight of it.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

31-07-2022 om 17:41 geschreven door peter  

They Prepare The World For Contact With Aliens

Not so long ago top US astronomers gathered in front of Congress to let them know that extraterrestrial life exists – without question.

They cited the sheer size of the universe as their most important proof, emphasizing that there are trillions of stars out there, with one in every five most likely harboring an Earth-like planet (though it is important to keep in mind that planets do not have to be “Earth-like” in order to harbor life).

“The number of habitable worlds in our galaxy is certainly in the tens of billions, minimum, and we haven’t even talked about the moons. And the number of galaxies we can see, other than our own, is about 100 billion.” – Seth Shostak, Senior Astronomer at California’s SETI Institute.

This time, NASA and the Library of Congress have teamed up to bring together scientists, theologians, philosophers and historians from around the globe for a two day symposium in order to discuss how to prepare the world for extraterrestrial contact, whether it be microbial organisms or intelligent beings.

One of the theologians present was Brother Guy Consolmagno, who is the new president of the Vatican Observatory Foundation. This is what he had to say:

“I believe [alien life exists], but I have no evidence. I would be really excited and it would make my understanding of my religion deeper and richer in ways that I can’t even predict yet, which is why it would be so exciting.”

He is urging the public not to be surprised when extraterrestrial life is discovered, because it is inevitably going to happen. He even said that he would be happy to baptize them, if it’s intelligent extraterrestrial life that’s discovered.

The Vatican has been very open to the idea of intelligent extraterrestrial life, and they’ve expressed these views for a very long time.

Earth is not the center of the universe, it’s not flat, and it’s looking very likely that the next major, paradigm-shifting revelation will be the fact that we are not alone in the universe.

It’s great to see the mainstream world gather, discuss, and prepare for this possibility and ultimate reality, and it’s a great segue to create more awareness about the world of secrecy, the world’s within our world that deal with projects the human race knows nothing about.

Lets not forget the main argument was the size of the universe, emphasizing that there are trillions of stars out there, with one in every five most likely harboring an Earth-like planet.

“In the last 50 years, evidence has steadily mounted that the components and conditions we believe necessary for life are common and perhaps ubiquitous in our galaxy. The possibility that life has arisen elsewhere, and perhaps evolved intelligence, is plausible and warrants scientific inquiry.

“If you extrapolate on the planets they discovered, there are a trillion planets in the galaxy. That’s a lot of places for life. We know the majority of stars have planets, but what fraction of stars have planets that are more like the earth? It might be one in five.” 

Dan Shostak

Scientists are discovering billions of Earth-like planets on our Milky Way galaxy alone. I’d also like to mention that planets do not have to be Earth-like in order to harbor life, that’s just what we think and assume.

Who knows what type of conditions life on other planets can thrive in? Or the biological make up of an extraterrestrial life form?

Believe it or not, accept it or not, but the planet is being groomed for disclosure.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://anomalien.com/ }

31-07-2022 om 16:34 geschreven door peter  

Astrophysicist warns: “aliens plan an invasion of Earth”

31-07-2022 om 16:08 geschreven door peter  

ITV Central Weekend Live Clip [UFOs & Aliens] (Sept 1998)

Tim Matthews puts Nick Pope on the spot.

Ministry of Defence

Pope worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Defence from 1985 to 2006. From 1991 to 1994, he worked in Secretariat (Air Staff) Sec (AS) 2a more commonly known as the "UFO desk", where his duties included investigating reports of UFO sightings, to see if they had any defence significance. At the time, while the Ministry of Defence stated that it "remains totally open-minded about the existence or otherwise of extraterrestrial lifeforms", it also stated that there was no evidence to suggest that any UFO sightings posed any threat to the UK or that they were extraterrestrial in origin.^[4] It is clear from material that Pope wrote whilst still at the MoD that he did not share the MoD's view that conventional explanations could be found for all UFO sightings.^[5]

Pope's final posting in the MoD was to the Directorate of Defence Security. In 2009, MoD announced that UFO sightings would no longer be investigated.^[6][7][8]

Media work

In November 2006, Mr. Pope stated that the government's "X-Files have been closed down".^[9] He continues his research and investigation in a private capacity and now works as a freelance journalist and media commentator, covering subjects that include the unexplained, conspiracy theories, space, science fiction and fringe science.^[10]

He does work for a number of film companies and PR agencies, promoting the release of science fiction films.^[11]

On 24 June 2013, he appeared on IGN's comedy show Up at Noon promoting the game The Bureau: XCOM Declassified.^[12]

In 2015, he appeared in multiple episodes of UFOs Declassified, airing on Canada's History Television, the UK's Yesterday, and Smithsonian Channel in the US.^[13] Since 2019, he has often appeared on the New York Post UFO YouTube series The Basement Office alongside journalist Steven Greenstreet.^[14]

Books

Open Skies, Closed Minds is Pope's autobiographical account of his interest in ufology. It provides an overview of the UFO phenomenon, with the emphasis on Pope's three-year tour of duty at the Ministry of Defence where his responsibilities included investigating UFO sightings and any impact they might have on UK national defense.^[15] Pope also discusses the politics surrounding the way in which those within government and the military view UFO-phenomena. In 1997, he released a second book on similar themes entitled The Uninvited. His book Encounter in Rendlesham Forest: The Inside Story of the World's Best-Documented UFO Incident, written with John Burroughs, USAF, Ret., and Jim Penniston, USAF, Ret., was published by Thomas Dunne Books in April 2014.

Pope has also written two science fiction novels, Operation Thunder Child and its sequel Operation Lightning Strike.^[16] In 2018, Pope published the political thriller Blood Brothers.^[17]

Journalism

Pope also writes for online alternative news site Neon Nettle^[18] in which he talks about current topics and news as well as UFO based material on the site fortnightly column.

References

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

31-07-2022 om 15:27 geschreven door peter  

New Planet Where A Year Only Lasts Five Days On Earth Discovered By Scientists

Scientists have discovered a new planet in our closest neighboring planetary system where a year only lasts five Earth days.

I'm sure there are lot of people on Earth who would have loved certain years to have only actually lasted five days — your most awkward teenage years, perhaps, or the disaster that was 2020 — but while we're stuck with our regular 365, a new alien world named Proxima d is rapidly knocking the years out.

Proxima d is the third planet to have been discovered in the neighboring system and is currently one of the lightest exoplanets ever discovered, with a mass that of just a quarter of the Earth.

It is located just four light-years away and orbits around Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our own Sun, which also hosts exoplanets Proxima b and Proxima c.

While Proxima b has a temperature suitable for liquid water and a rocky surface, potentially making it habitable, Proxima d orbits between Proxima Centauri and the habitable area, making it too close to have liquid water and close enough to its star that a year on the planet equates to only five days on Earth.

João Faria, a researcher at the Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Portugal, has suggested Proxima d may not be the last planet discovered by scientists in the neighboring system.

Per The Independent, he commented, 'The discovery shows that our closest stellar neighbor seems to be packed with interesting new worlds, within reach of further study and future exploration.'

Researchers were able to determine the size of Proxima d using the 'radial velocity technique', which monitors tiny movements in stars caused by the gravity of the planets. The newly-discovered world is the smallest to have been measured using this technique, with scientists using the ESPRESSO instrument on the Very Large Telescope to watch how the planet only moved the star about 40 centimeters per hour.

Commenting on the information learned about Proxima d, Pedro Figueira, ESPRESSO instrument scientist at ESO in Chile said, 'This achievement is extremely important. It shows that the radial velocity technique has the potential to unveil a population of light planets, like our own, that are expected to be the most abundant in our galaxy and that can potentially host life as we know it.'

The first planet in the neighboring system, Proxima b, was discovered in 2016.

{ https://www.thespaceacademy.org/ }

31-07-2022 om 01:18 geschreven door peter  

“They waved back!” Father William B. Gill on witnessing a UFO with beings in Papua New Guinea, 1959

June 26 & 27, 1959. Boiani, Papua New Guinea.

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

30-07-2022 om 21:55 geschreven door peter  

British UFO Expert Claims Aliens Are Advanced Form Of Humans, Hiding Under Ocean

 Vicky Verma

NASA is planning to send an army of mini swimming robots to find the aliens in the oceans of other planets. Such a plan could be used to detect signs of alien life beneath the miles-thick icy shell of Jupiter’s moon Europa or Saturn’s moon Enceladus. But what about our home planet? Does NASA have any plan to explore our oceans? Have they already found everything about the only Blue planet in the Solar system? Or is something stopping them to do it? Interestingly, UFO expert Anna Whitty came forward with a strange theory that says “Aliens have been living under Earth’s ocean for protection and have always been here on the planet.”

Anna Whitty, an author of the book “UFO: A Fundamental Truth,” made the claim on the official statement of Dr. Shirley Wright, who interviewed aliens found at the Roswell crash site in 1947. Whitty stated that aliens are actually just humans – but an advanced form.

In a recently aired two-hour documentary on the UFO crash called “Roswell 75: The Final Evidence,” Anna Whitty was featured alongside expert Philip Mantle, director and producer Spyros Melaris, and Dr. David Hall.

The documentary also featured an interview where Dr. Shirley Wright, a former colleague of Albert Einstein stated that the aliens inquired about human exploration inside the ocean, they asked: “how far into the ocean” the humans traveled.

Whitty did an interviewer with the Daily Star, elaborating more on her claim, she said that if whatever Wright had documented through her interview is correct, then it is more believable for the aliens to come from under the sea rather than from another planet.

Read also:

• Ret. US Army Major Showed Deleted UFO Photos Captured By Apollo Astronauts On Moon
• Ret. US Army SGT: US Govt. Has Over 50 Species Of Aliens Cataloged, Wanted To Testify Before Congress
• Ex-NASA Employee Saw Hi-res UFO/Alien Craft Photos, Ready To Testify Before Congress
• FBI Chilling UFO Reports: Recovered 3 UFOs With Alien Bodies In New Mexico & 27,000 Mph Craft

“If what Shirley said is right, it is more likely that aliens come from somewhere under the sea or caves or something like that, rather than another planet, it makes sense because there’s a lot of evidence on the planet that there has been a massive cataclysm every few thousand years,” Whitty said.

“If humans on the surface are being reset to the Stone Age every several thousands of years, and these people are somewhere where they are more protected because they are underground, then perhaps their development in technology and intelligence is continuing on an upwards trajectory whereas we’re reset. It’s also possible that maybe they aren’t beings at all, but they can make you think you’re seeing what you’re not seeing,” she added.

The documentary dives deep into the incident, examining the eyewitness accounts, the involvement of the space propaganda by the major powers, as well as several secret projects that were assumed to be covered up with the help of this incident.

Whitty’s theory of aliens being “underwater entities” could have some meaning as after all, there are videos of UFOs diving into the water. Below is the footage filmed in the CIC (Combat Information Center) of the USS Omaha on July 15, 2019, in a warning area off San Diego. This footage depicts a UAP event series that reached the culmination with one of the unknown targets entering the water. No wreckage was found, and none of the unknown craft was recovered.

Retired US Air Force Lt. Col. Richard French had erved in the US army for more than 27 years. He was an alleged lead investigator of the Project Blue Book in the 1950s, his job was to shoot down false reports of UFOs. In Newfoundland, Canadian Province, he saw two aliens repairing their ship submerged underwater.

French testified about his work on UFOs in 1952, in front of 6 former members of Congress at the Citizen Hearing in 2013. He recalled seeing two alien crafts below the water surface, 6 meters from the shoreline. He also saw two extraterrestrials near the ships. He remembered the water was clear, so he could see those beings doing something at the bottom of the craft.

“The water was fairly clear and I could see without any trouble. They weren’t down at the bottom of the [seabed] — they were about halfway down,” French said. He believed the aliens were repairing the ships and tested them before leaving. Whatever happened in Newfoundland is the classic UFO story ever given by the army official. Even though he was chosen to debunk UFO stories, he undoubtedly said that it was a UFO and there were extraterrestrials.

The idea that the ocean is inhabited by extraterrestrials can be backed by these incidents.

An incredible account of spotting underwater UFOs, or Underwater Submerged Objects (USOs), was shared by former Gunner’s Mate John Baughman, who served in the U.S. Navy from 2008 to 2013. He was stationed on the United States Navy’s third Nimitz-class supercarrier “The USS Carl Vinson” in 2010 when he first saw Tic Tac UFO underwater.

He said: “I was staring into the water from above when a large, flat, white ’Tic Tac’ object, approximately twenty feet in length, suddenly appeared in my view below me, moving right and darted into the depths as fast as it appeared. I couldn’t really comprehend what I saw. It was definitely a solid object, but when it descended, its forward end rapidly collapsed in on itself and disappeared.”

Another USO encounter occurred with the crew of the Soviet Submarine in the south of the Pacific ocean. At the depth of 260 meters, the six disc-like objects were moving toward the submarine at the speed of 426 km per hour. The crew could not escape their pursuit, and the commander ordered the crew to rise to the surface. The crew saw through the periscope that the objects came out of the water and took off at an absurdly fast speed.

There are classic alien abduction cases where the witnesses recalled being taken to secret underwater bases. The abduction of Betty Andreasson Luca is considered to be one of the most documented cases in the history of Ufology. The woman from Massachusetts experienced multiple abductions, and her case is widely studied by UFO researchers. (Click here to read the story of Betty Luca)

During one of her hypnotic regression sessions, Betty remembered one of the early abductions that occurred to her in her childhood. It took place in 1950, when she was taken from her home into a spacecraft as usual. But this time, the craft was flying toward an ocean or sea. She was terrified that the craft would crash into the water. But the ship submerged into the water and entered into a kind of tunnel. Betty could see everything underwater, as the place was filled with light.

Next is “Filiberto Cardenas Encounter,” where he claimed to have been taken to a secret underwater hangar, and interestingly, his abduction was witnessed by his friend’s family.

He remembered being taken to some unknown beach where he saw deep blue water. He said one of the aliens got out of the object and opened a secret tunnel, from where a similar craft came and flew away. The craft which he was in also went into the tunnel with great speed underwater. Soon, he was at the secret “large hangar” under the sea.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

30-07-2022 om 21:44 geschreven door peter  

Max Laughlin and his controversial theory: CERN sent us to a parallel universe?

Zack White

Max Laughlin has amazed the world for a few years now with his incredible intellect.

The young man has made several statements that compromise the scientific community, but the most shocking is related to CERN and how it could have destroyed our universe.

Regarded as a genius child and listed as the “most intelligent young man in the world”, Max Laughlin surprised the world with his great intellectual abilities .

With only 13 years old he could develop from scratch its own device for energy access. A system that is capable of providing all the necessary energy without the need for oil, coal or solar energy.

Max Laughlin’s theory

Many people compare him to Nikola Tesla , calling him, even considering him his reincarnation. Obviously, this is nothing more than a parallel to the genius who may once have changed the world.

However, when you hear one of the most controversial theories given by this little genius, doubts assail us …

This little intellectual eminence has suggested that the European Organization for Nuclear Research, better known as CERN , has destroyed our Universe and we currently live in a parallel Universe.

Recall that it is not the first time that CERN, that giant tunnel based in Switzerland, was used by scientists to break up subatomic particles in an attempt to recreate the Big Bang .

As a result of all these experiments, it is possible that our reality , the Universe itself, has been destroyed. As a result of this, all of us are currently in a parallel Universe.

Hostility towards the genius boy?

This is not the first theory that Máx Laughlin surprises locals and strangers and that, in addition, has generated discomfort in the scientific community.

In the video you can see how the boy explains in detail to much older people, and using only a napkin, everything related to the infinite confined space and the alternative and parallel universes.

Although it may sound crazy, even coming from a young prodigy, the data-filled explanation shows us a hypothesis that, after all, may be very likely .

In fact, it is based on the principle that physicist Thomas Kuhn describes in his book “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.”

It is for this reason that Max has begun to generate great hostility and resistance within the scientific community.

Could this be the reason why so many “mistakes” happen in our world? The so-called “glitches in the Matrix”, which have been appearing on more than one occasion, such as the famous “Mandela Effect.” It is difficult to get a coherent explanation for all these events, in the same way that it is difficult to believe Max Laughlin’s theory.

{ https://mysteriousociety.com/ }

30-07-2022 om 21:19 geschreven door peter  

Earth is spinning FASTER now than it was 50 years ago - and if it continues speeding up scientists may have to deduct a second from the atomic clock

• The Earth rotates on its axis more than 365 times in a single orbit of the Sun

• This is significantly less than the 420 times it rotated millions of years ago

• Even in 100 years the rotation has slowed further, with a day milliseconds shorter

• This has required leap seconds to be added to atomic clocks every few years

• No new leap seconds have been added since 2016 and there are signs the rotation of the Earth has begun to speed up again, requiring a second removed 

By RYAN MORRISON FOR MAILONLINE 

Earth is spinning faster than it was half a century ago, and if it continues speeding up scientists say they may have to remove a second from the atomic clock. 

The speed our planet rotates on its axis has varied throughout history.

In fact, Earth rotated 420 times per year millions of years ago, but now does so 365 times.

However, sometimes the speed of rotation varies slightly, affecting the global timekeeper - the atomic clock - requiring leap seconds to be added when the world runs slightly faster. 

Now, UK National Physical Laboratory scientist, Peter Whibberley, has warned that if the rotation rate increases further, a negative leap second may be needed.  

Earth is spinning faster than it was half a century ago, and if it continues speeding up scientists say they may have to remove a second from the atomic clock

THE EARTH ROTATES ON ITS AXIS OVER 365 TIMES EACH TIME IT ORBITS THE SUN

Each day on Earth contains 86,400 seconds, but the rotation isn't uniform, which means over the course of a year, each day has a fraction of a second more or less. 

This is caused by the movement of the Earth's core, its oceans and atmosphere, as well as the pull of the Moon.

The atomic clock is extremely precise, and measures time by the movement of electrons in atoms that have been cooled to absolute zero.

So, to keep the atomic clock in line with the number of seconds in the rotation of the Earth, leap seconds have been added every 18 months or so since 1972.

There has never been a negative leap second - the removal of a second from the atomic clock - and a system designed to make that work have never been tested. 

The idea came up last year, when the rotation began to speed up, but this has since slowed down again, with the average day in 2021 0.39 milliseconds less than 2020.

'As time goes on, there is a gradual divergence between the time of atomic clocks and the time measured by astronomy,' Judah Levine from the National Institute of Standards and Technology told Discover Magazine.

'In order to keep that divergence from getting too big, in 1972, the decision was made to periodically add leap seconds to atomic clocks.'

The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service is responsible for tracking how quickly the Earth spins, and does so by sending laser beams to satellites and using that to measure their movement. 

When this is out of line with atomic clocks, scientists coordinate to stop their clocks for one second to bring them back into line.   

'The rotation rate of Earth is a complicated business. It has to do with exchange of angular momentum between Earth and the atmosphere and the effects of the ocean and the effect of the moon,' Levine explained. 

'You're not able to predict what's going to happen very far in the future.'

Each day on Earth contains 86,400 seconds, but the rotation isn't uniform, which means over the course of a year, each day has a fraction of a second more or less

There hasn't been a leap second added to the atomic clock since 2016, and while the Earth has been speeding up again, this began to slow again in 2021. 

'This lack of the need for leap seconds was not predicted,' Levine said.

He added that it was assumed Earth would continue to slow down, 'so this effect,' he said 'is very surprising.' 

How long the speed and slowing trend continues might require scientists to take further action, but it is yet unclear what that might be. 

'There is this concern at the moment that if Earth's rotation rate increases further that we might need to have what's called a negative leap second,' Whibberley told Discover Magazine. 

'In other words, instead of inserting an extra second to allow Earth to catch up, we have to take out a second from the atomic timescale to bring it back into state with Earth.' 

While they know how they could make it work, the scientists aren't clear whether their systems would work in reality, or what impact they'd have.

The internet relies on the steady flow of time, measured through atomic clocks, and different web firms use different processes to whether leap seconds.

For example, Google uses a system that spreads the extra time out throughout the year, to every other second in a year.

'The primary backbone of the internet is that time is continuous,' Levine explained.

He added that when there is no steady time, the continuous feed of information falls apart. 

Levine says leap seconds - added or removed - may not be worth the hassle, as in total they'd only add up to about a minute over 100 years. 

WHAT IS THE ATOMIC CLOCK? 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

30-07-2022 om 21:00 geschreven door peter  

The Earth Just Started Spinning Faster Than Ever

Planet Earth has recorded its shortest day since scientists began using atomic clocks to measure the speed of its rotation. 

Earth’s time systems can prove fairly baffling for anyone who doesn’t have a PhD in Horology, as we learnt the hard way trying to figure out why the clocks were going forward as a child – only understanding that we were being dragged out of bed for school an hour earlier than the week before. 

But the plot thickens further still, as Earth is actually spinning faster than it used to and recently recorded a time that was the fastest scientists had ever seen. 

On 29 June 2022, Earth completed one spin in 1.59 milliseconds less than its usual 24-hour rotation, in turn setting the record for the shortest day – and the latest in a series of speed records for our planet since 2020. 

It's possible that melting of glaciers put less weight on rock at the poles, which therefore rebound upwards and makes the planet rounder. The effect of that could make it spin more quickly and could even slightly change its tilt.

And it came pretty close again more recently, having completed the spin in 1.5 milliseconds shorter than 24 hours. 

How fast is Earth rotating?

However, in the last few years the atomic clocks have shown that Earth rotation is now speeding up. In fact, we could be beginning a 50 year period of shorter days.

In 2020 scientists recorded the 28 shortest days since 1960. Last year that trend did not continue, with the shortest day in 2021 being longer than in the previous year.

However, on June 29, 2022 our planet completed its quickest-ever spin, followed quickly by a day that lasted 1.50 milliseconds less on July 26, 2022.

The previous record for the shortest rotation was July 19, 2020, when the Earth’s rotation took 1.4602 milliseconds less than 24 hours.

As reported by Time and Date, the current downward trend in the length of the shortest day could be linked to Earth’s ‘inner or outer layers, oceans, tides, or even climate’, but scientists remain unsure. 

At the forthcoming annual meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society, which takes place next week, Leonid Zotov and colleagues Christian Bizouard and Nikolay Sidorenkov will argue that the decrease may be related to the ‘Chandler wobble’, the term given to a small and irregular movement of the geographical poles across the surface of the globe. 

Reference(s): 

• Time and Date

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.thespaceacademy.org/ }

30-07-2022 om 20:43 geschreven door peter