Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
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VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
25-08-2022
James Webb Space Telescope neemt voor het eerst koolstofdioxide waar in de atmosfeer van een exoplaneet
James Webb Space Telescope neemt voor het eerst koolstofdioxide waar in de atmosfeer van een exoplaneet
Een primeur voor de James Webb ruimtetelescoop. Voor het eerst heeft het observatorium onomstotelijk bewijs geleverd dat er koolstofdioxide (CO2) voorkomt in de atmosfeer van een planeet buiten ons zonnestelsel. Het gaat om de gasreus WASP-39b die op 700 lichtjaar afstand van de aarde rond zijn ster draait. Dankzij wetenschappelijke ontdekkingen zoals deze krijgen we een beter zicht op hoe planeten en zonnestelsels zich vormen en hoe uniek wij zijn.
Martijn Peters
WASP-39b ... het is in de atmosfeer van deze exoplaneet - dat is een planeet die rond een andere ster dan onze zon draait - dat de James Webb ruimtetelescoop koolstofdioxide heeft waargenomen. WASP-39b is een gasreuzenplaneet met ongeveer dezelfde massa als Saturnus en een diameter net iets groter dan die van Jupiter. De gasreus is dus niet enkel minder compact, hij is ook een stuk heter. In tegenstelling tot onze koelere gasreuzen draait WASP-39b heel dicht rond zijn ster. De afstand tussen de twee bedraag maar een achtste van de afstand tussen onze zon en Mercurius. Hierdoor loopt de temperatuur er op tot 900 °C.
Wetenschappers ontdekten de exoplaneet al in 2011 maar lieten nu ook de gloednieuwe James Webb ruimtetelescoop er zijn infrarood oog op werpen. Want wanneer een exoplaneet voor zijn ster passeert dimt dit tijdelijk het sterrenlicht. Dat dimmen kan ons iets vertellen over de atmosfeer van zo'n planeet. Afhankelijk van de samenstelling daarvan zal een bepaald deel van het licht van de ster doorgelaten worden en een bepaald deel niet. De atmosfeer laat dus als het ware een soort handtekening achter in het sterrenlicht. Op basis hiervan kunnen wetenschappers bepalen welke chemische moleculen er aanwezig zijn, hoe dik de atmosfeer is, of er eventueel wolken zijn, ... . Dat wetenschappers WASP-39b als eerste doelwit hebben uitgekozen was niet onverwacht. De exoplaneet heeft een uitgezette atmosfeer en een korte omlooptijd van maar 4 aardse dagen waardoor je dit ‘dimmen’ gemakkelijk en vaak kan waarnemen.
Om deze detectie uit te voeren maakte het team van wetenschappers gebruik van de Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) van de grootste ruimtetelescoop ooit. In het resulterende spectrum van de exoplaneet WASP-39b zagen onderzoekers een duidelijk signaal van CO2. Het is het eerste gedetailleerde en onbetwistbare bewijs voor de aanwezigheid van koolstofdioxide op een planeet buiten ons zonnestelsel. “Het detecteren van zo’n duidelijk signaal is een goed voorteken voor wanneer we de atmosferen op kleinere, aardachtige planeten gaan bestuderen, die gelijken op onze aarde”, zegt Natalie Batalha van de Universiteit van Californië in Santa Cruz.
Het begrijpen van de samenstelling van de atmosfeer van een planeet is belangrijk omdat het ons iets vertelt over de oorsprong van de planeet en hoe deze is geëvolueerd. “CO2-moleculen zijn een belangrijk element in het verhaal van planeetvorming”, zegt Mike Line van de Arizona State University, een lid van het onderzoeksteam. “Door deze CO2 te meten, kunnen we achterhalen hoeveel vast en hoeveel gasvormig materiaal er nodig was om de gasreuzenplaneet te vormen. In het komende decennium gaat de James Webb Space Telescope deze meting doen voor nog heel wat andere planeten. Hierdoor zullen we meer inzicht krijgen in hoe planeten ontstaan en hoe uniek ons eigen zonnestelsel al dan niet is.”
Dat beaamt ook professor Leen Decin van het Instituut voor Sterrenkunde (KU Leuven), die meewerkte aan het onderzoek. Wetenschappers van de KU Leuven hadden een sleutelrol in de ontwikkeling en kalibratie van enkele instrumenten aan boord. “Dankzij de hoge gevoeligheid en resolutie van de James Webb ruimtetelescoop kunnen we nu eindelijk met grote accuraatheid de chemische samenstelling van de atmosfeer van exoplaneten bepalen. Dit is één van de prachtige bewijzen die tonen tot wat samenwerking van duizenden wetenschappers kan leiden“, reageert professor Decin.
En daar stop het internationale verhaal niet. Want al dit wetenschappelijk onderzoek valt onder het ‘James Webb Early Release Science-programma’ waarbij alle metingen meteen beschikbaar zijn voor andere onderzoekers. “Het doel is om de Early Release Science-waarnemingen snel te analyseren en toegankelijke hulpmiddelen te ontwikkelen die de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap kan gebruiken”, legt Vivien Parmentier van de Universiteit van Oxford uit. “Dit maakt bijdragen van over de hele wereld mogelijk en zorgt ervoor dat de best mogelijke wetenschap uit de komende decennia van waarnemingen zal komen.”
Wie weet wat we nog allemaal zullen ontdekken in de komende jaren ...
Deze illustratie laat zien hoe exoplaneet WASP-39 b eruit zou kunnen zien, gebaseerd op de huidige kennis van de planeet. Deze illustratie is gebaseerd op indirecte doorvoerwaarnemingen van Webb en andere telescopen in de ruimte en op de grond. Webb heeft geen direct beeld van deze planeet gemaakt.
NASA, ESA, CSA, JOSEPH OLMSTED
Een reeks lichtkrommen van Webb's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) toont de verandering in helderheid van drie verschillende golflengten (kleuren) van het licht van het WASP-39-sterrenstelsel in de loop van de tijd toen de planeet op 10 juli 2022 door de ster ging. transit vindt plaats wanneer een in een baan om de aarde draaiende planeet tussen de ster en de telescoop beweegt en een deel van het licht van de ster blokkeert.
ILLUSTRATIE: NASA, ESA, CSA, LEAH HUSTAK (STSCI), JOSEPH OLMSTED (STSCI)
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)
The eerie sound waves sent out by a Black Hole
The eerie sound waves sent out by a Black Hole
Since 2003, the black hole at the center of the Perseus galaxy cluster has been associated with sound. This is because astronomers discovered that pressure waves sent out by the black hole caused ripples in the cluster's hot gas that could be translated into a note — one that humans cannot hear some 57 octaves below middle C. Now a new sonification brings more notes to this black hole sound machine. This new sonification — that is, the translation of astronomical data into sound — is being released for NASA's Black Hole Week this year.
In some ways, this sonification is unlike any other done before because it revisits the actual sound waves discovered in data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory.
The popular misconception that there is no sound in space originates with the fact that most of space is essentially a vacuum, providing no medium for sound waves to propagate through.
A galaxy cluster, on the other hand, has copious amounts of gas that envelop the hundreds or even thousands of galaxies within it, providing a medium for the sound waves to travel.
In this new sonification of Perseus, the sound waves astronomers previously identified were extracted and made audible for the first time. The sound waves were extracted in radial directions, that is, outwards from the center. The signals were then resynthesized into the range of human hearing by scaling them upward by 57 and 58 octaves above their true pitch.
Another way to put this is that they are being heard 144 quadrillion and 288 quadrillion times higher than their original frequency. (A quadrillion is 1,000,000,000,000,000.) The radar-like scan around the image allows you to hear waves emitted in different directions.
In the visual image of these data, blue and purple both show X-ray data captured by Chandra. Credit: NASA/CXC/SAO/K.Arcand, SYSTEM Sounds (M. Russo, A. Santaguida)
NASA shared the sound of a black hole on social media and it went super viral
“The popular misconception that there is no sound in space originates with the fact that most of space is essentially a vacuum, providing no medium for sound waves to propagate through,” NASA continued. “A galaxy cluster, on the other hand, has copious amounts of gas that envelop the hundreds or even thousands of galaxies within it, providing a medium for the sound waves to travel.”
NASA also explained, “The sound waves astronomers previously identified were extracted and made audible for the first time. The sound waves were extracted in radial directions, that is, outwards from the center. The signals were then resynthesized into the range of human hearing by scaling them upward by 57 and 58 octaves above their true pitch. Another way to put this is that they are being heard 144 quadrillion and 288 quadrillion times higher than their original frequency. (A quadrillion is 1,000,000,000,000,000.)”
The black hole sound clip shared by NASA on Sunday has now been listened to almost 14 million times with numerous people being completely creeped out by the horror movie vibe the sound gives off.
“Good news. Black holes sound exactly as terrifying as you might have guessed,” one person replied to NASA.
DISAPPEARING ALIEN PORTALS Found In Night Vision Images? | The Mystery at Magic Mesa
DISAPPEARING ALIEN PORTALS Found In Night Vision Images? | The Mystery at Magic Mesa
The Mystery at Magic Mesa research continues. Now utilizing military grade night vision optics to debunk the disappearing lights phenomenon in the valley. Is it headlights or something natural, or portals into another dimension?
Scientists blast atoms with Fibonacci laser to make an 'extra' dimension of time
Scientists blast atoms with Fibonacci laser to make an 'extra' dimension of time
Scientists have produced a brand-new, bizarre phase of matter that acts as like it has two dimensions of time by directing a Fibonacci laser beam at atoms within a quantum computer.
The new phase of matter, which was produced by rhythmically jiggling a strand of 10 ytterbium ions with lasers, allows researchers to store information in a way that is significantly more error-protected, paving the way for quantum computers that can retain data for a very long time without becoming jumbled. In a report published on July 20 in the journal Nature, the researchers presented their findings in detail.
The inclusion of a theoretical "extra" time dimension "is a completely different way of thinking about phases of matter," lead author Philipp Dumitrescu, a researcher at the Flatiron Institute's Center for Computational Quantum Physics in New York City, said in a statement. "I've been working on these theory ideas for over five years, and seeing them come actually to be realized in experiments is exciting."
The physicists weren't trying to invent a phase with a hypothetical extra time dimension, and they weren't seeking for a way to improve quantum data storage either. Instead, they sought to develop a new phase of matter, one that went beyond the conventional solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states.
They set about building the new phase in the quantum computer company Quantinuum's H1 quantum processor, which consists of 10 ytterbium ions in a vacuum chamber that are precisely controlled by lasers in a device known as an ion trap.
Ordinary computers use bits, or 0s and 1s, to form the basis of all calculations. Quantum computers are designed to use qubits, which can also exist in a state of 0 or 1. But that's just about where the similarities end. Thanks to the bizarre laws of the quantum world, qubits can exist in a combination, or superposition, of both the 0 and 1 states until the moment they are measured, upon which they randomly collapse into either a 0 or a 1.
This strange behavior is the key to the power of quantum computing, as it allows qubits to link together through quantum entanglement, a process that Albert Einstein dubbed "spooky action at a distance." Entanglement couples two or more qubits to each other, connecting their properties so that any change in one particle will cause a change in the other, even if they are separated by vast distances. This gives quantum computers the ability to perform multiple calculations simultaneously, exponentially boosting their processing power over that of classical devices.
But the development of quantum computers is held back by a big flaw: Qubits don't just interact and get entangled with each other; because they cannot be perfectly isolated from the environment outside the quantum computer, they also interact with the outside environment, thus causing them to lose their quantum properties, and the information they carry, in a process called decoherence.
"Even if you keep all the atoms under tight control, they can lose their 'quantumness' by talking to their environment, heating up or interacting with things in ways you didn't plan,"Dumitrescu said.
To get around these pesky decoherence effects and create a new, stable phase, the physicists looked to a special set of phases called topological phases. Quantum entanglement doesn't just enable quantum devices to encode information across the singular, static positions of qubits, but also to weave them into the dynamic motions and interactions of the entire material — in the very shape, or topology, of the material's entangled states. This creates a "topological" qubit that encodes information in the shape formed by multiple parts rather than one part alone, making the phase much less likely to lose its information.
A key hallmark of moving from one phase to another is the breaking of physical symmetries — the idea that the laws of physics are the same for an object at any point in time or space. As a liquid, the molecules in water follow the same physical laws at every point in space and in every direction. But if you cool water enough so that it transforms into ice, its molecules will pick regular points along a crystal structure, or lattice, to arrange themselves across. Suddenly, the water molecules have preferred points in space to occupy, and they leave the other points empty; the spatial symmetry of the water has been spontaneously broken.
Creating a new topological phase inside a quantum computer also relies on symmetry breaking, but with this new phase, the symmetry is not being broken across space, but time.
By giving each ion in the chain a periodic jolt with the lasers, the physicists wanted to break the continuous time symmetry of the ions at rest and impose their own time symmetry — where the qubits remain the same across certain intervals in time — that would create a rhythmic topological phase across the material.
But the experiment failed. Instead of inducing a topological phase that was immune to decoherence effects, the regular laser pulses amplified the noise from outside the system, destroying it less than 1.5 seconds after it was switched on.
After reconsidering the experiment, the researchers realized that to create a more robust topological phase, they would need to knot more than one time symmetry into the ion strand to decrease the odds of the system getting scrambled. To do this, they settled on finding a pulse pattern that did not repeat simply and regularly but nonetheless showed some kind of higher symmetry across time.
This led them to the Fibonacci sequence, in which the next number of the sequence is created by adding the previous two. Whereas a simple periodic laser pulse might just alternate between two laser sources (A, B, A, B, A, B, and so on), their new pulse train instead ran by combining the two pulses that came before (A, AB, ABA, ABAAB, ABAABABA, etc.).
This Fibonacci pulsing created a time symmetry that, just like a quasicrystal in space, was ordered without ever repeating. And just like a quasicrystal, the Fibonacci pulses also squish a higher dimensional pattern onto a lower dimensional surface. In the case of a spatial quasicrystal such as Penrose tiling, a slice of a five-dimensional lattice is projected onto a two-dimensional surface. When looking at the Fibonacci pulse pattern, we see two theoretical time symmetries get flattened into a single physical one.
An example of penrose tiling
(Image credit: Shutterstock)
"The system essentially gets a bonus symmetry from a nonexistent extra time dimension," the researchers wrote in the statement.The system appears as a material that exists in some higher dimension with two dimensions of time — even if this may be physically impossible in reality.
When the team tested it, the new quasiperiodic Fibonacci pulse created a topographic phase that protected the system from data loss across the entire 5.5 seconds of the test. Indeed, they had created a phase that was immune to decoherence for much longer than others.
"With this quasi-periodic sequence, there's a complicated evolution that cancels out all the errors that live on the edge,"Dumitrescu said. "Because of that, the edge stays quantum-mechanically coherent much, much longer than you'd expect."
Although the physicists achieved their aim, one hurdle remains to making their phase a useful tool for quantum programmers: integrating it with the computational side of quantum computing so that it can be input with calculations.
"We have this direct, tantalizing application, but we need to find a way to hook it into the calculations,"Dumitrescu said."That's an open problem we're working on."
An Unknown Force Is Pulling The Milky Way And Other Galaxies Towards It At 12 Million Mph
An Unknown Force Is Pulling The Milky Way And Other Galaxies Towards It At 12 Million Mph
We don't know why a hundred thousand galaxies, including our own, are being dragged into a region of space we can't see. Astronomers refer to this as a "Gravity Anomaly."
It's a vast region of space known as "The Great Attractor." Astronomers estimate its mass to be 100 billion Suns. More information can be found in the video below.
The Record for the Farthest Galaxy just got Broken Again, now just 250 million years after the Big Bang
The Record for the Farthest Galaxy just got Broken Again, now just 250 million years after the Big Bang
In a recent study that was submitted to MNRAS, a collaborative research team made use of the first batch of data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to identify a galaxy candidate, CEERS-93316, that formed roughly 250 million years after the Big Bang and that also set a new redshift record of z = 16.7. This discovery is really exciting since it shows the strength of JWST, which has only recently started returning its first round of data. Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey, or CEERS, was developed especially for imaging with JWST.
Postage stamp images of CEERS-93316 from their respective JWST NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera) filters (F115W, F150W, F200W, F277W, F356W, and F444W).
(Credit: Donnan et al. (2022))
“The past few weeks have been surreal, watching all the records that stood for a long time with Hubble be broken by JWST,” says Dr. Rebecca Bowler, who is an Ernest Rutherford Fellow at the University of Manchester, and a co-author on the study. “Finding a z = 16.7 galaxy candidate is an amazing feeling – it wasn’t something we were expecting from the early data.”
This new study references a dozen previous studies that have measured objects up to redshifts z ? 10 using a mixture of ground-based observations and with the Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope.
“It’s amazing to have found such a distant galaxy candidate already with Webb given that this is just the first set of data,” says Mr. Callum Donnan, a PhD student at the University of Edinburgh, and lead author of the study. “It is important to note that to be certain of the redshift, the galaxy will need follow up observations using spectroscopy. This is why we refer to it as a galaxy candidate.”
The study determined that CEERS-93316 can’t be a low-mass star or unobstructed active galactic nucleus based on imaging data from NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera), which is JWST’s primary imager. Since CEERS-93316 is could be only 250 million years old, one goal for cosmologists is to know what’s happening in galaxies that young, and so soon after the Big Bang.
“After the Big Bang the Universe entered a period known as the dark ages, a time before any stars had been born,” explains Dr. Bowler. “The observations of this galaxy push observations back to the time when we think the first galaxies ever to exist were being formed. Already we’ve found more galaxies in the very early Universe than computer simulations predicted, so there is clearly a lot of open questions about how and when the first stars and galaxies formed.”
Given this incredible finding in just the first set of data from JWST, it’s intriguing to think how much father back in the universe this record-shattering space telescope can see, and whether it can see the Big Bang itself.
“In principle JWST can detect galaxies at redshifts greater than 20, less than 200 million years after the Big Bang,” explains Bowler. “These galaxies will likely be extremely hard to find, but the detection of CERRS 93316 gives us hope that they may exist. Watch this space!”
“The most distant phenomenon observed is the cosmic microwave background (CMB) which is the ‘afterglow’ of the Big Bang,” explains Donnan. “The light from the CMB comes from approximately 400,000 years after the Big Bang and has been observed by various instruments over the years – most notably the Planck satellite which launched in 2009. Webb won’t be able to see as far back as that, but it is able to probe the earliest stages of galaxy formation.”
While Donnan and Bowler both stated there are no further observations planned for CEERS-93316, they are hopeful that there will be in the future.
Redshift is part of what’s known as the Doppler effect, which astronomers use to measure distances in the universe. A frequent example to demonstrate the Doppler effect is the change in sound wave pitch as a loud object travels towards you then travels away from you, often by an ambulance or other first responder vehicle. The sound waves as the object travels towards you is known as blueshift, while the opposite is called redshift. This new study setting a new redshift record means scientists have measured the farthest object in the universe to date.
Retired Major General Wilfried De Brouwer reported in Leslie Kean's 2010 book UFOs: Generals, Pilots, and Government Officials Go on the Record that he had examined further to see whether these objects may have been espionage flights performed by F-117 stealth aircraft or anything similar. He felt sure that this was not the case due to the described performances, which did not correspond to any known technological capability. He found it hard to imagine that any other country would fly experimental craft equipped with unknown technologies over a populated region without receiving formal permission.
However, he asked the American Embassy, which promptly responded that no Stealth flights or other experimental flights had flown over Belgium.
In his letter to me dated May 29, 1998, the late nuclear scientist Stanton Friedman stated the following about this case: "I have always maintained that the Belgian flap MIGHT have been new Earthling vehicles. It's in my gray basket."
As the UFO encounters and sightings by military aircrews have increased tremendously, US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence rebrands UFOs as “unidentified aerospace-undersea phenomena.” Expanding the definition to include objects in space and under the oceans significantly broadens the scope of investigating UFOs. Interestingly, few remember the UFO/Alien controversy surrounding Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico, when one of three UFOs allegedly landed on the base early in May 1971.
However, as it is so often in such cases, instead of the government releasing a film of the entire incident to author/filmmaker Robert Emenegger as promised, it only released 8 seconds of this special footage that ultimately made it into the film. Holloman Air Force Base is the United States Air Force base established in 1942 and located six miles southwest of the central business district of Alamogordo, New Mexico.
It all began in 1971 when Emenegger and producer/director Allan Sandler were invited by the US intelligence (either the United States Air Force or Department of Defence) to Norton Air Force Base in California to discuss the major UFO phenomenon that had happened before and create a documentary film on it.
There is no official record of the reason why the US government allowed to give secret UFO footage for a documentary film. It is believed that the administration of President Nixon did it to look strong in the science field for the upcoming 1972 re-election campaign.
Emenegger said that he was promised by the USAF officials to get the authentic UFO landing footage that happened at Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico in 1971. It showed the alien visitors emerging out of the craft that met with the US military. Even though Emenegger was skeptical about it, the Air Force assured him that the footage was authentic.
One of the military’s officials named Paul Shartle, who was in charge of the audio-video department, said in a 1988 national television broadcast with Mike Farrell that he had watched the 16mm film of three disc-shaped craft. One of them landed and the others flew away.
“I saw footage of three disc-shaped crafts one of the crafts landed and two of them went away. It appeared to be in trouble because it oscillated all the way down to the ground. However, it did land on three pods, a sliding door open a ramp was extended, and out came three aliens. They were human-sized. They had an odd gray complexion and a pronounced nose. They wore tight-fitting jumpsuits, thin headdresses that appeared to be communication devices, and their hands in their hands they held a translator I was told.”
According to Emenegger, he even visited the landing site and checked the place where the alien vehicle was kept. The alien visitors and the US army personnel had meetings for several days.
Emenegger and his production team were provided access to top-secret files into DoD facilities and were even allowed to take help from the military officials who had been into the UFO matters, including Col. William Coleman from Project Blue Book and Col. George Weinbrenner, who was the head of Foreign Technology at Wright Patterson Air Force Base.
Emenegger said that the landing took place at 6 a.m. The alien visitors had eyes with a vertical slit, and their mouths were thin and slitlike, with no chins. He was promised by the USAF to get 3200 feet film of UFO landing but at the last moment, they refused to use it due to the “Watergate Scandal.” Despite it, Emenegger and Sandler were asked to describe the Holloman episode as something hypothetical, which might happen in the future.
After months of research and film production, Emenegger felt cheated as the permission of using real footage was withdrawn. Anyway, he released his Golden Globe-nominated documentary, “UFOs: Past, Present, and Future” in 1974. It turned out to be groundbreaking due to the information provided by the DoD. The USAF forced Emenegger to add the animated footage of the alleged Holloman UFO landing.
As per Emenegger, the alleged real landing footage was not fully missing from the frames. He said some frames from the original footage were used in the reconstruction during the editing stage, which was authorized by the USAF. The viewers spotted a genuine bright disc coming down slowly in the distance against the backdrop of Holloman’s surrounding landscape.
At the Alien Cosmic Expo in Toronto in 2017, UFO researcher and author Grant Cameron held an interview in his hotel room to discuss (among many subjects) a film from 1974 at Holloman Air Force Base, which contained footage of a UFO landing.
Here is the transcript of key points Mr. Cameron said in an interview:
“I was involved in one of the key stories that confirms that they’re not covering up and that was the story of the holloman air force base film this is one of the stories I put on the book.
In 1973, they [Pentagon] go to Emenegger and Alan Sandler, two producers in Los Angeles. They ask them to do a UFO documentary. Emenegger who was a total ufo skeptic said what do you mean this is for real and at that point, the security manager Paul Shartle at Norton Air Force base said what would you say if I told you that we had an alien ship landed at air force base six o’clock in the morning in May of 1971 and we filmed it from three different vantage points two on the ground one in a helicopter and we will allow you to use the film for your documentary.”
“Then they put the documentary out and then I find out that there was eight seconds of the Holloman air force base UFO film in the documentary.” Mr. Cameron then called Emenegger, telling him about the 8-second of the film.
He [Emenegger] said: “But it didn’t show anything. You don’t see when the alien gets out that’s the classified part.” Mr. Cameron further said that the government allowed Emenegger to use the small clip to hint that the Holloman UFO incident happened, but the classified part was removed.
The film was re-released in 1979 after adding more UFO sightings and new information that included cattle mutilations. Jacques Vallée added 30 minutes of new narration into the film, talking about ancient astronaut theory.
NASA Just Saw Something Come Out Of A Black Hole For The First Time Ever
NASA Just Saw Something Come Out Of A Black Hole For The First Time Ever
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You don’t need to be an expert in science to understand that black holes often pull things in rather than spit them out. However, NASA has just discovered something quite weird around the supermassive black hole Markarian 335.
Two NASA satellite telescopes, including the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), witnessed a black hole’s corona being “launched” away from a supermassive black hole. Then a huge burst of X-ray energy emitted. So, what precisely happened? That is what scientists are currently trying to understand.
“This is the first time we have been able to link the launching of the corona to a flare,” Dan Wilkins, of Saint Mary’s University, said. “This will help us understand how supermassive black holes power some of the brightest objects in the universe.”
Fiona Harrison, NuSTAR’s primary investigator, stated that the nature of the energy source is a “mystery,” but that the ability to actually capture the event should offer some indications about the black hole’s size and structure, as well as (hopefully) some new insight into how black holes work. This black hole, fortunately for us, is still 324 million light-years distant.
So, whatever bizarre things it does, it shouldn’t have any influence on our little part of the cosmos.
Timing is everything in comedy, but it may come as a surprise to find it makes a big impact in the world of UFOs as well. Take, for example, the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, passed recently to authorize funding, provide legal authorities, and enhance congressional oversight for the U.S. Intelligence Community, which includes the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) which was recently established in the Department of Defense to investigate the numerous encounters with unidentified aerial phenomena – and more, as we shall see – that military personnel have been reporting lately. Some people who have dug deeply into this budget report found that the wording implies the U.S. government believes some of these UAPs may not be human-made. Now for the “timing is everything” part. A commercial airline pilot on a flight ironically to Washington DC recently reported an encounter with foo fighter UFOs – those strange glowing orbs first reported following pilots during World War II. Are some extraterrestrials trying to tell the U.S. government that “we know you’re watching us so we’re watching you”? Is timing everything in other star systems too?
“Cross-domain transmedium threats to the United States national security are expanding exponentially.”
In an article on the hidden agenda inside the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Vice.com points out that it appears the U.S. government is very concerned about one particular type of unidentified object that has been showing up in the videos taken by Navy pilots during encounters and finally being released and grudgingly verified by the Pentagon as being authentic military videos of … something. Accordiing the IAA budget, those are the Tic Tac ufos that were first spotted flying fast and low over the ocean, then suddenly and seamlessly disappearing into the water without making a ripple or breaking apart – two things that all known human technology attempting that kind of maneuver would do at that high speed. This implies that the government probably knows that most of the other UAPs seen by pilots and picked up by radar are super-advanced drones or aircraft of the human-made kind. In another part of the IAA budget, Vice.com found this:
“Temporary nonattributed objects, or those that are positively identified as man-made after analysis, will be passed to appropriate offices and should not be considered under the definition as unidentified aerospace-undersea phenomena.”
It doesn’t take a rocket scientist to follow the logic in that statement – objects seen by military personnel that are positively identified as being human-made go in the “Human-Made” file cabinet, while the transmedium “unidentified aerospace-undersea phenomena” go in a non-human-made file cabinet. Could this have been a mistake or clerical error that slipped by the government fact-checkers putting together the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023? An article on the subject in The Hill doesn’t think so.
“It strains credulity to believe that lawmakers would include such extraordinary language in public legislation without compelling evidence. Perhaps members have seen the classified sensor data that prompted former President Trump’s director of national intelligence to state that UFOs exhibit “technologies that we don’t have [and] that we are not capable of defending against.”
“Not capable of defending against.” That’s something you don’t hear very often from a “defense” department. As The Hill points out, this means that all UAP reports must first undergo an “Is it man-made or not?” sniff test. All transmedium objects and any that can’t be classified as drones must e sent to another special investigation department set up of non-human-made objects. Is this a big deal? The Hill thinks so.
"Make no mistake: One branch of the American government implying that UFOs have non-human origins is an explosive development."
Just as government watchdog media sites like The Hill and Vice are looking into this new revelation that the government seems to be admitting there could be non-human-made UAPs, a commercial airline pilot reported seeing this while on a 4-hour flight to Washington Dulles airport.
“At roughly 0055 ET I began seeing slow pulses of light in the sky directly in front of us (to our north). The pulses would last usually 8-10 seconds each and had gaps of darkness lasting anywhere from 10 seconds to over a minute. They were slowly moving from left to right. The pulses would be gradual (start very dim and grow into a bright light about the brightness of Venus, and then fade away).”
UFO Sightings Daily reports that an unnamed experienced commercial pilot “who works for a major airline” and whose “credentials are impeccable” saw what appear to be classic bright org UFOs or foo fighters on August 12, 2022, while enroute from the Virgin Islands to Washington DC. The orbs were seen for 25 minutes, from the time the flight was over Wilmington, North Carolina, until it was over Richmond, Virginia – very close to Washington DC. In a report obtained by UFO Sightings Daily, the pilot said the orbs pulsed on and off for 8-10 seconds at a time and could not be other airliners because they were well above the 41,000 feet limit of those planes. The pilot notes that “the Captain” also witnessed the UFOs, which maintained a constant distance from their plane for 35 minutes while they traveled “about 250 nautical miles.” The pilot used a cell phone to film two orbs, sometimes three (you can watch the video here), seemingly flying in formation.
Knowing how close they were to Washington DC, one might wonder if these were fighter jets.
“As a former fighter/attack pilot I am extremely familiar with capabilities of modern aircraft, have trained in CAP (protecting locations from aerial threats) and I am 100% we were not seeing military aircraft or flares.”
What did the pilot and captain see?
The pilot also ruled out Starlink satellites because the objects occasionally changed altitude and flew in circles. The report does not say if this sighting was filed with the FAA or the Pentagon, and UFO Sightings Daily does not have any other information. A quick search brought up no other sources for this sighting, so that must be taken into account.
What would the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) say about this ‘foo fighters’ sighting? While UFO Sightings Daily claims “This is 100% undeniable proof that UFOs are following jets and curious about those aboard them,” it seem highly unlikely the government would reach the same conclusion with such limited data. FAA tracking, instrument recordings and reports from other pilots in the very crowded airspace would help. Also, the UFOs did not appear to be transmedium – they stayed in the air until the plane lost them. However, based on this limited information, it is difficult to rule positively that what this pilot saw and recorded was human-made. Should there be a third filing cabinet marked “To Be Determined”?
The U.S. government is definitely implying an interest in hon-human-made transmedium objects – an interest that has translated into assigning budgetary money to look for them. At the same time, a former military pilot in a commercial aircraft sees UAPs near Washington DC. Coincidence?
Timing is everything. Keep watching the skies and C-SPAN!
Op zo’n 170.000 lichtjaar bevindt zich de Tarantulanevel: een van de grootste stervormingsgebieden in het lokale heelal.
Govert Schilling
Meer artikels van deze auteur
Dit is een artikel van: Eos Wetenschap
Ze lijken te gloeien, maar de oranjegele strepen op deze spectaculaire foto markeren langgerekte slierten van koud gas. De temperatuur in die gaswolken is laag genoeg voor het ontstaan van eenvoudige moleculen, zoals waterstof (H2) en koolmonoxide (CO). Wanneer zulke moleculaire wolken onder invloed van hun eigen zwaartekracht samentrekken en inkrimpen, ontstaan er nieuwe sterren.
Koude wolken van moleculair gas zijn niet zichtbaar met een gewone telescoop. De draderige structuur is vastgelegd op korte radiogolflengtes, met de schotelantennes van het ALMA-observatorium, op 5.000 meter hoogte in Noord-Chili. ALMA meet de millimeterstraling van koolmonoxide, en kan op die manier de verdeling van het koude gas in kaart brengen.
De ALMA-metingen zijn hier gecombineerd met een infraroodopname, waarop juist warm en heet gas goed zichtbaar is (de roze wolken), evenals duizenden pasgeboren sterren. De hete gasnevel werd ruim tweehonderd jaar geleden al beschreven. In de loop van de vorige eeuw kreeg hij de bijnaam de Tarantulanevel, vanwege zijn spinachtige uiterlijk.
De Tarantulanevel (officieel 30 Doradus geheten) bevindt zich op zo’n 170.000 lichtjaar afstand van de aarde, in de Grote Magelhaense Wolk, een begeleider van ons eigen Melkwegstelsel. Het is een van de grootste en actiefste stervormingsgebieden in het lokale heelal. In het centrum van de nevel bevindt zich de jonge sterrenhoop NGC 2070, waarin zich enkele extreem hete, zware sterren bevinden.
Astronomen hadden verwacht dat koudere gaswolken uit elkaar geblazen zouden worden door de energie van die sterren, waarvan sommige 150 keer zo zwaar zijn als de zon. De ALMA-metingen laten echter zien dat het moleculaire gas zelfs in deze extreme omgeving nog kan samentrekken onder invloed van de zwaartekracht. Het geboorteproces van nieuwe sterren in de Tarantulanevel is voorlopig dus nog niet beëindigd.
Voor het eerst gaat native American vrouw de ruimte in
Voor het eerst gaat native American vrouw de ruimte in
Op 29 september is het eindelijk zover. Dan vertrekt NASA-astronaute Nicole Aunapu Mann naar het internationale ruimtestation ISS. Mann zal dan de eerste inheems-Amerikaanse vrouw ooit zijn die de ruimte ingaat.
Nog maar 75 vrouwen gingen Nicole Mann voor, volgens NASA, terwijl ruimtevluchten nu al zo’n zestig jaar worden uitgevoerd. Maar het duurde even voor ook vrouwen aan de beurt kwamen als astronauten. Pas in 2013 studeerden er evenveel vrouwen als mannen af als astronaut. Onder de vier vrouwen toen, ook Nicole Aunapu Mann. Zij zal eind september de eerste native American vrouw worden in de ruimte.
Nicole Aunapu Mann behoort tot de Wailaki, een indianenstam uit het reservaat Round Valley in Californië. Ze volgde de opleiding van mechanisch ingenieur aan de gerenommeerde universiteit van Stanford. Ze vloog met gevechtsvliegtuigen voor het Marinekorps. Ze diende in Irak en in Afghanistan en verzamelde zes medailles. En eind volgende maand zal ze samen met drie collega’s in het ruimtevaartuig Crew Dragon van SpaceX kruipen om naar het ISS te vliegen. Mann voert het commando van de missie. Het wordt haar eerste ruimtereis.
De allereerste Amerikaanse vrouw in de ruimte was LGBTQ-astronaute Sally Ride op 18 juni 1983. Ze was toen 32 en is daarmee vandaag nog altijd de jongste Amerikaan ooit in de ruimte. De eerste native American NASA-astronaut in de ruimte was John Herrington, lid van de Chickasaw Nation, in 2002.
Mann mag maar 1,5 kilogram aan persoonlijke spullen met zich meenemen in de ruimte. Daar zou alvast een dromenvanger bij zijn, een heilig voorwerp in de spirituele cultuur van de inheemse bevolking.
Nicole Mann werd in 2020 gekozen als onderdeel van het Artemis-team van elite NASA-astronauten die in aanmerking komen voor selectie voor vroege maanmissies. Van de duizenden kandidaten krijgt Mann misschien de kans om op de maan te stappen. Maar eerste halte is het ISS.
IMAGE SOURCE,NASA - Image caption,
The Crew-5 Mission will be manned by four astronauts from three nations
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What Are The Odds? The U.S., Europe, Africa And China Are All Simultaneously Experiencing Droughts Of Epic Proportions
What Are The Odds? The U.S., Europe, Africa And China Are All Simultaneously Experiencing Droughts Of Epic Proportions
Do you believe in “coincidences”? There have always been droughts all throughout human history. So if there were a couple of isolated droughts in 2022, it wouldn’t be a big deal. But that isn’t what we are facing. Instead, right now the United States, Europe, Africa and China are all experiencing droughts of epic proportions. As a result, crops are failing in key agricultural areas all over the globe. Of course if just one country or one region was experiencing a “historic drought”, agricultural production from the rest of the world could make up for that. Unfortunately, what we are currently witnessing is truly unprecedented. For the very first time in
modern history, virtually all of the largest economies on the entire planet have been hit by extreme drought conditions simultaneously, and that means that global agricultural production is going to be way below expectations in 2022.
In this article, I would like to start my discussion by taking a look at what is going on in China right now.
Wan Jinjun, a 62-year-old retiree who has swum the Yangtze River almost every day for the past decade in Wuhan, said he’s never seen a drought like this before.
An extreme summer has taken a toll on Asia’s longest river, which flows about 3,900 miles (6,300 kilometers) through China and feeds farms that provide much of the country’s food and massive hydroelectric stations, including the Three Gorges Dam — the world’s biggest power plant. A year ago, water lapped almost as high as the riverbank where Wan swims. Now, the level is at the lowest for this time of year since records began in 1865, exposing swathes of sand, rock and oozing brown mud that reeks of rotting fish.
It is being reported that rainfall along the Yangtze River is 45 percent below normal levels, and that is extremely alarming.
Meanwhile, an absolutely monstrous heatwave has been scorching China for the past two months…
That is hot!
In fact, scientists are telling us that what China is currently experiencing is “the most severe heatwave” in recorded history…
It is the longest and hottest heatwave in China since national records began in 1961. According to weather historian Maximiliano Herrera, who monitors extreme temperatures around the world, it is the most severe heatwave recorded anywhere.
“This combines the most extreme intensity with the most extreme length with an incredibly huge area all at the same time,” he says. “There is nothing in world climatic history which is even minimally comparable to what is happening in China.”
In recent days, factories have been shut down in some areas of China as mandatory power restrictions have been implemented.
Hopefully relief will come soon, because the Chinese desperately need it.
Meanwhile, Europe is enduring the worst drought that it has experienced “in at least 500 years”…
Europe is facing its worst drought in at least 500 years, with two-thirds of the continent in a state of alert or warning, reducing inland shipping, electricity production and the yields of certain crops, a European Union agency said on Tuesday.
Earlier this month, I wrote an article about the crippling crop losses that Europe is now facing as a result of this drought.
And today we got even more bad news. According to Zero Hedge, corn production for the entire EU could be reduced by about one-fifth this year due to a lack of moisture…
Besides the news of record high electricity prices, a troubling new crop failure report about Europe’s upcoming harvest was published Monday. The bloc’s Monitoring Agricultural Resources forecasted corn yields could drop by nearly a fifth due to a devastating drought, according to Bloomberg.
Before we dive into the crop report, Europe’s centuries-old ‘hunger stones’ were recetly revealed in the Elbe River, which runs from the mountains of Czechia through Germany to the North Sea. The stones date back to a drought in 1616 and read:“Wenn du mich siehst, dann weine.” That translates to “if you see me, then weep.”
Sadly, conditions are even worse in eastern Africa.
Seven million livestock in Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia have died since last September due to severe drought conditions, according to a recent report by the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Famine Early Warning Systems Network.
“The Washington Post” reported last year that the carcasses of giraffes, goats, camels and droves of cattle were found in villages after starving to death in northern Kenya. Such losses can be ruinous for families, who face food insecurity as a result.
But have you seen any images of these dead animals on the nightly news?
Of course not.
They aren’t telling you what is really going on out there.
Before I end this article, I want to give you an update on what is going on in the United States.
The worst megadrought in 1,200 years has an iron grip on the western half of the country, and it is having an enormous impact on agricultural production.
In fact, it is being reported that in some areas the corn is under such stress that the plants are not even producing ears of grain…
It’s been so dry in parts of Nebraska and South Dakota that corn plants are doing something truly strange: they’re not producing ears of grain.
The stalks, which should be about 8 feet (2.4 meters) tall by this time of year, are withered, browning and short — some are only standing at about 5 feet. Crop scouts set out this week to analyze yields, and in some isolated patches, they actually had trouble finding enough corn ears to measure.While it’s not a widespread problem, the shocking development is an indicator of just how harsh the hot and dry weather has been.
Everything that I have shared in this article is not normal.
That is because we are entering times that are going to be exceedingly abnormal.
Every year, there are always a few parts of the globe that struggle with food production.
But we have never seen it happen simultaneously to so many key areas all over the planet.
Do you really think that what we are witnessing is just a “coincidence”?
If you are willing to believe that, there is a giant bridge on the west coast that I would like to sell you.
***It is finally here! Michael’s new book entitled “7 Year Apocalypse” is now available in paperback and for the Kindle on Amazon.***
About the Author:
My name is Michael and my brand new book entitled “7 Year Apocalypse” is now available on Amazon.com. In addition to my new book I have written five other books that are available on Amazon.com including “Lost Prophecies Of The Future Of America”, “The Beginning Of The End”, “Get Prepared Now”, and “Living A Life That Really Matters”. (#CommissionsEarned) When you purchase any of these books you help to support the work that I am doing, and one way that you can really help is by sending digital copies as gifts through Amazon to family and friends. Time is short, and I need help getting these warnings into the hands of as many people as possible. I have published thousands of articles on The Economic Collapse Blog, End Of The American Dream and The Most Important News, and the articles that I publish on those sites are republished on dozens of other prominent websites all over the globe. I always freely and happily allow others to republish my articles on their own websites, but I also ask that they include this “About the Author” section with each article. The material contained in this article is for general information purposes only, and readers should consult licensed professionals before making any legal, business, financial or health decisions. I encourage you to follow me on social media on Facebook and Twitter, and any way that you can share these articles with others is a great help. These are such troubled times, and people need hope. John 3:16 tells us about the hope that God has given us through Jesus Christ: “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.” If you have not already done so, I strongly urge you to ask Jesus to be your Lord and Savior today.
Sky-watcher discovers constructed objects near Apollo 17 landing site
Sky-watcher discovers constructed objects near Apollo 17 landing site
This video is real 14 inch footage of real lunar constructed objects including newly found construction just on the outskirts of Mare Serenitatis.
Sky-watcher Bruce Sees All shows a clear addition to each of the areas...filmed in 2016...compared with footage from August 2022...we not only see an addition (constructed) anomaly but the Apollo 17 supposed landing site also is filled with power lines or tunnels leading to energy sources.
This interesting footage of a possible triangle UFO was filmed in the sky above the ocean near Rosarito Beach, a resort town on the coast of Mexico’s Baja California peninsula. This was filmed on 22nd August 2022.
Witness report:
I initially took out my binoculars to see if the lights were coming from a tanker. I saw nothing below the lights, no form of a sea vessel. I know tankers have one red, green and red light always on, but none were observed. The lights stayed in formation and one by one disappeared. I took out my iPhone 11 to video the sighting, twice. One by one the lights would go out and then reappear at the same location.
‘Nog nooit Jupiter zo gezien’: James Webb-telescoop toont ongelooflijk uitzicht op planeet
‘Nog nooit Jupiter zo gezien’: James Webb-telescoop toont ongelooflijk uitzicht op planeet
De James Webb-telescoop, de nieuwste en grootste ruimtetelescoop, laat Jupiter zien als nooit tevoren. De telescoop legde de voorbije weken ongekende beelden vast van de gasreus met zowel manen als ringen, tot zelfs prachtige polaire nevel. “Het is allemaal heel ongelooflijk”.
Verschillende beelden van de telescoop zijn samengevoegd tot een compositiefoto die de aarde een nieuwe blik gunt op de gasreus. “Zo kan je Jupiters Grote Rode Vlek zien rechts onderaan”, zegt wetenschapsexpert Martijn Peters, “Dat is een storm groot genoeg om de aarde te verzwelgen”. Martijn wijst ook op de vage ringen en verre sterrenstelsels die je kan zien op de achtergrond.
“De talrijke heldere witte ‘vlekken’ en ‘strepen’ zijn waarschijnlijk wolkentoppen op zeer grote hoogte van gecondenseerde convectieve stormen”, zei Heidi Hammel, interdisciplinair Webb-wetenschapper voor zonnestelselwaarnemingen. Ook de manen van Jupiter zijn te zien op deze foto.
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Zwarte gaten “schreeuwen niet, maar zingen”: onderzoekers maken geluid van mysterieus hemellichaam hoorbaar voor de mens
Zwarte gaten “schreeuwen niet, maar zingen”: onderzoekers maken geluid van mysterieus hemellichaam hoorbaar voor de mens
In de donkere Perseus cluster, een cluster van sterrenstelsels in het sterrenbeeld Perseus, zingt een superzwaar zwart gat al 2,5 miljard jaar hetzelfde deuntje. Het is de eerste keer dat wetenschappers erin slaagden om het geluid van een zwart gat hoorbaar te maken voor mensen.
Een zwart gat is nog steeds een van de meest mysterieuze fenomenen in de kosmos. De zwaartekracht is er zo sterk dat het alles in de omgeving genadeloos opslokt. Daarom is het onderzoek ook zo uitdagend, maar dat houdt onderzoekers niet tegen. Na de eerste foto van een zwart gat in 2019 duikt er nu ook een geluidsopname op.
In 2003 ontdekten astronomen een patroon van rimpelingen in de Perseus cluster. Het bleek om drukgolven of geluidsgolven te gaan met een diameter van maar liefst 30.000 lichtjaar - de afstand die licht aflegt op een jaar tijd.
Van röntgenstralen naar geluid
De geluidsgolven werden veroorzaakt door talrijke explosies of drukgolven te midden van een zwart gat en werden vastgelegd door de Chandra X-ray Observatory telescoop. Dat is een röntgentelescoop die waarnemingen doet in het röntgengebied. Het geluid was op dat moment - met behulp van de röntgenstralen - enkel zichtbaar. Maar door de signalen met enkele octaven te versnellen, maakten onderzoekers het geluid eveneens ook hoorbaar.
Critici denken misschien dat zwarte gaten helemaal geen geluid kunnen maken. Daarvoor is er immers een medium nodig, zoals water of lucht. Geluidsgolven planten zich hier op aarde voort door omringende luchtmoleculen te laten trillen, totdat ze worden opgepikt door onze oren. De ruimte wordt daarentegen als een vacuüm beschreven en geluidsgolven kunnen zich in zo’n vacuüm in principe niet verplaatsen. Volgens de onderzoekers is dat een misvatting. “Een cluster van sterrenstelsels bevat veel gas. Dit omvat honderden of zelfs duizenden sterrenstelsels en is tegelijkertijd een medium voor de voortplanting van geluidsgolven”, zo leggen ze uit. Op die manier kan je zwarte gaten horen “zingen” in plaats van “schreeuwen”.
Sterrenverslinders
Een zwart gat is eigenlijk wat overblijft na de explosie van een ster, een ster die zwaarder is dan de zon. Tijdens zo’n explosie produceert de ster eventjes zoveel licht als het hele sterrenstelsel waartoe het behoort. Om daarna voor eeuwig zwart te worden. Daarom werden zwarte gaten voor 1964 “bevroren sterren” genoemd. Verder nog wordt de kern van de explosie zo compact dat een zwart gat ontstaat. Omdat er niets aan de zwarte gaten kan ontsnappen - er kan alleen maar wat invallen – groeien ze doorheen de tijd in massa.
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NASA deelt griezelig geluid van zwart gat op Twitter
NASA deelt griezelig geluid van zwart gat op Twitter
We kregen de laatste maanden niet alleen nieuwe foto’s van een zwart gat voorgeschoteld, maar zelfs een geluidsfragment. Hoe zo’n zwart gat in de ruimte mag klinken? Griezelig, zo te horen.
“De misvatting dat er geen geluid in de ruimte is, vindt zijn oorsprong in het feit dat de ruimte meestal een vacuüm is, waarin geluidsgolven zich niet kunnen verplaatsen”, tweette NASA zondag. “Maar een cluster van melkwegstelsels heeft zoveel gas dat we echt geluid hebben opgepikt. In dit geval wordt het versterkt en vermengd met andere gegevens om een zwart gat te kunnen horen.”
Het geluid van het zwarte gat klinkt nogal spookachtig. Het is afkomstig van echte geluidsgolven uit het enorme zwarte gat in het centrum van de cluster van het Perseus-sterrenstelsel, dat meer dan 200 miljoen lichtjaar van ons verwijderd is. NASA bewerkte het geluid zodat menselijke oren het kunnen horen. Het geluid werd vermengd met “andere gegevens” en versterkt.
Het Chandra X-ray Observatory van NASA publiceerde het geluidsfragment in mei al tijdens de week van het zwarte gat. Nu stuurde de ruimtevaartorganisatie het via Twitter de wereld in en kreeg ze meteen heel wat reacties. Vele internetgebruikers lieten weten dat het zwarte gat exact klonk zoals ze hadden verwacht: griezelig. “Ergens wist je gewoon dat een zwart gat zou klinken als angstaanjagende geesten in plaats van zachte oceaangolven”, aldus Twitteraar Asher Honickman. “Als je het geluid van het zwarte gat luider zet, klinkt het als honderden gemartelde zielen die onder een poel van vuur worden gesleurd”, tweette een andere. Iemand leek ook Pink Floyds ‘Echoes’ te herkennen, en nog een andere muziekliefhebber grapte dat het nieuw werk van de IJslandse Björk betrof.
Wat is een zwart gat?
Een zwart gat is eigenlijk wat overblijft na de explosie van een ster, een ster die zwaarder is dan de zon. Tijdens zo’n explosie produceert de ster eventjes zoveel licht als het hele sterrenstelsel waartoe het behoort. Om daarna voor eeuwig zwart te worden. Daarom werden zwarte gaten voor 1964 ‘bevroren sterren’ genoemd. Verder nog wordt de kern van de explosie zo compact dat een zwart gat ontstaat. Omdat er niets aan de zwarte gaten kan ontsnappen - er kan alleen maar wat invallen – groeien ze doorheen de tijd in massa.
GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S, uitgekozen en gepost door peter2011
The Latest Webb Observations Don’t Disprove The Big Bang, But They Are Interesting
The Latest Webb Observations Don’t Disprove The Big Bang, But They Are Interesting
Okay, so let’s start with the obvious. The big bang is not dead. Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope have not disproven the big bang, despite certain popular articles claiming otherwise. If that’s all you needed to hear, then have a great day. That said, the latest Webb observations do reveal some strange and unexpected things about the universe, and if you’d like to know more, keep reading.
Let’s start with the rumors. What about the new Webb data would suggest the big bang is wrong? The same type of data Hubble gave us years ago. We generally think of evidence for the big bang being centered around two facts: first, that more distant galaxies have a higher redshift than closer ones, and second, that the universe is filled with a cosmic background of microwave radiation. The first suggests that the universe is expanding in all directions, while the second suggests that it was once in a very hot and dense state. These are two of the Three Pillars of data supporting the big bang, the third being the relative abundance of elements in the early universe.
But these observations are just the foundation of the big bang model. We have long since expanded on these to create the standard model of cosmology, also known as the LCDM model. That is a universe that began with the big bang and is filled with matter, dark matter, and dark energy. Everything from the acceleration of cosmic expansion to the clustering of galaxies supports this standard model. And the standard model makes predictions about other observational tests, so we can further prove its validity. That’s where the latest claims of the “big bust” come into play.
One of these secondary tests is known as the Tolman surface brightness test. It was first proposed in the 1930s by Richard C. Tolman and compares the apparent brightness of a galaxy with its apparent size. The ratio of brightness to size is known as surface brightness. Generally, the bigger a galaxy, the brighter it should be, so the surface brightness of every galaxy should be roughly the same. More distant galaxies would appear dimmer, but they’d also have a smaller apparent size, so the surface brightness would still be the same. The Tolman test predicts that in a static, non-expanding universe the surface brightness of all galaxies should be about the same, regardless of distance.
This isn’t what we see. What we observe is that more distant galaxies have a dimmer surface brightness than closer ones. The amount of dimming is proportional to the amount of redshift the galaxy has. You might think this proves that all those distant galaxies are speeding away from us, but it actually doesn’t. If those distant galaxies were speeding away, you’d have two dimming effects. The red shift and the ever-increasing distance. The Tolman test predicts that in a simple expanding universe the surface brightness of galaxies should diminish proportional to both redshift and distance. We only see the effects of redshift.
This fact has led some to propose a static universe where light spontaneously loses energy over time. It’s the so-called tired light hypothesis, and it’s very popular among big bang opponents. If the universe is static and light is tired, then the Tolman test predicts exactly what we observe. Hence no big bang.
Back in 2014, Eric Lerner et al published a paper making exactly this point. It caused a flurry of “Big Bang Dead!” articles in the popular media. The latest claims about Webb killing the big bang began with a popular article by the same Eric Lerner. So here we are. In fairness, back in 2014, the Hubble observations supported Lerner’s claim, and so do the latest Webb observations. But what Lerner conveniently omitted from his paper is that the Hubble and Webb observations also support the LCDM model.
It’s a common misconception that redshift proves that galaxies are speeding away from us. They aren’t. Distant galaxies aren’t speeding through space. Space itself is expanding, putting greater distance between us. It’s a subtle difference, but it means that galactic redshift is caused by cosmic expansion, not relative motion. It also means that distant galaxies appear a bit larger than they would in a static universe. They are distant and tiny, but the expansion of space gives the illusion of them being larger. As a result, the surface brightness of distant galaxies dims only proportional to redshift.
Of course, we know tired light is wrong because of the cosmic microwave background. A static, tired-light universe wouldn’t have any remnant heat from a primordial fireball. Not to mention the fact that distant galaxies would appear blurred (they don’t), and distant supernovae wouldn’t be time-dilated by cosmic expansion (they are). The only model that supports all the evidence is the big bang. Lerner’s argument is an old one that has long been disproven.
All that said, the James Webb Space Telescope has found some unusual things. Most significantly, it has found more galaxies and more distant galaxies than there should be, and that could lead to some revolutionary changes in our standard model. Our current understanding is that after the big bang the universe went through a period known as the dark ages. During this period the first light of the cosmos had faded, and the first stars and galaxies hadn’t yet formed. Webb is so sensitive it can see some of the youngest galaxies that formed just after the dark ages. We would expect those young galaxies to be less numerous and less developed than later galaxies. But the Webb observations have found very redshifted, very young galaxies that are both common and surprisingly mature.
It’s the kind of puzzling and unexpected data astronomers were hoping for. It’s why we wanted to build the Webb telescope in the first place. And it tells us that while the big bang model isn’t wrong, some of our assumptions about it might be.
Reference:
Lerner, Eric J., Renato Falomo, and Riccardo Scarpa. “UV Surface Brightness of Galaxies from the Local Universe to z~ 5.” International Journal of Modern Physics D 23.06 (2014): 1450058.
Reference:
Ferreira, Leonardo, et al. “Panic! At the Disks: First Rest-frame Optical Observations of Galaxy Structure at z > 3 with JWST in the SMACS 0723 Field.” arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.09428 (2022).
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Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
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