The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
15-12-2022
Radiance Technologies rumored to be working with extraterrestrial technology in Nevada
Radiance Technologies rumored to be working with extraterrestrial technology in Nevada
Members of Congress are reportedly investigating allegations that the Pentagon is hiding secrets related to unidentified flying objects (UFOs), including claims that aerospace contractors are studying and storing materials believed to be of extraterrestrial origin. In response, at least one prominent defense contractor, Radiance Technologies, has announced that it is actively seeking government contracts that might involve UFO technology.
Radiance Technologies has 20 offices in 17 states and specializes in developing advanced weapons and systems for the Pentagon. Unlike some of its larger competitors, the company has not shied away from the topic of UFOs, which has long been considered taboo or fringe. Tim Tinsley, an engineer who spent two decades working on missile defense systems before joining Radiance, said that the company would be open to accepting a contract to study a UFO. “Oh, sure, absolutely. Why not, right? I’m waiting for one of those.” Tinsley said.
The company has also recently hired Jay Stratton, a former Navy intelligence official and head of the Pentagon’s UFO Task Force, as a reverse engineering specialist. Astrophysicist Travis Taylor, who also worked with Stratton on the UFO Task Force, has also been hired by Radiance. The company’s news releases about the hiring of the two men specifically mentioned their UFO credentials.
Radiance Technologies is entirely owned by its employees, and is based in Huntsville, Alabama. The company’s website hints at the development of exotic defense technologies such as direct energy weapons, hypersonic missiles, and systems to defend against cyber warfare. While the company cannot confirm the allegations about the Pentagon hiding UFO secrets, it has positioned itself to potentially take advantage of any future contracts related to UFO technology.
The cause of this leak [is] not known at this time," NASA spokesperson Rob Navias said during live commentary. "Russian specialists are continuing to look at the data and discussing what may have triggered the leak."
The leak was first detected at 7:45 p.m. EST (0045 Dec. 15 GMT) as cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitri Petelin were preparing to exit the space station for a 7-hour spacewalk outside the station.
Credit: NASA
The Problem with Nuclear Fusion
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Nikola Tesla is undoubtedly one of the greatest inventors of all time creating some of the most used electrical concepts we have in the world today. The creator of the alternating current which powers most of the world's electronics today was a celebrated figure, although most of his ideas were far ahead of his time and even fellow inventors back then couldn't possibly comprehend the futuristic claims Tesla made. But it turns out most of his predictions were far more accurate than even Tesla himself would have believed. In Today's video, we'll be showing you how Nikola Tesla predicted the future of 2025.
With over 300 patents to his name, Nikola Tesla was undoubtedly one of the greatest Minds of all time and while most of his inventions helped propel the world into the electrical age, his ideas were not always welcomed by the common ear. Tesla dabbled in all things electrical, from lighting bulbs with just his hand to transmitting electrical current without the use of wires. But even with all that innovation, Tesla still made some bold claims about advancement in technology that were strange to anyone in the early 20th century but have been realized 100 years later. Some of these predictions may be normal in today's world but it would astound you to know that Tesla predicted their existence well over a century ago.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is a hot topic in today's world with massive debates among scientists and experts about the current and future state of the planet's atmosphere and geology. Most people believe the effect of climate change is a product of activity from the last 50 years resulting from heavy greenhouse gas emissions from the carbon age. Black carbon, which is a chemical pollutant resulting from burning fossil fuel, has been found to contribute to increasing surface temperatures while other pollutants such as sulfate have been observed to contribute to cooling the planet's atmosphere. It's understandable to expect no one from before 1950 to predict the environmental changes our planet would face in the coming century, everyone except Nikola
The Discovery of an Alien Spacecraft Hiding in Disguise
They Are Here! Massive, Unidentified Object Detected by International Space Station. December 1998, the location, International Space Station. As the crew unpacks new hardware, they spot a shadow floating in space. Without wasting any moment, they quickly begin to take photographs. This unidentified object looks nothing like a man-made craft, so what could it be?
SpaceX Starship 24 fired up for short duration test, seen from Rocket Ranch
SpaceX conducted a static fire test of Starship 24 at their Starbase facility in South Texas on Dec. 12, 2022. Anthony Gomez captured video of the test from a few miles away at the Rocket Ranch, Texas outpost
Solar System? Horrible Places I Would Never Go On Vacation
Earth has terrible weather. Sometimes hurricanes and tornadoes rip off the roofs of houses or suc- up cars and drop them kilometers away. In some places on the planet, it rains so hard you could almost drown looking up at the sky. There are deserts where it is hot enough to fry eggs on a rock . . . In other places, it can be cold enough to freeze tears on your eyelashes. Is there anywhere else in the solar system we could go to get away from this wild climate of Earth? Well, apparently we would be spoiled for choice... Our solar system is home to eight planets, a half-dozen "official" dwarf planets (although the number could rise into the thousands once we fully explore the outer trenches of our solar system), an untold number of comets, asteroids, and planetesimals, as well as more than 200 moons orbiting the outer planets of our solar system. If indeed, as a very successful series of vintage-style tourist posters promoted by NASA would have you believe, the solar system had already been colonized to such an extent that tourist agencies were promoting trips to everywhere of it, which destination would you choose?
Colossal Object Found In The Zone Of Avoidance!
A Huge Hidden Galactic Structure Found In The Zone of Avoidance Behind Milky Way. If you ever happened to go out during the night, far from the city lights, you might have seen the Milky Way. It’s something incredible, to be seen at least once in your lifetime! This is how it looks like from the Atacama Desert.
What we really observe is the internal part of our galaxy. The solar system is rotating around the center, also called “bulge” of the galaxy, along with millions of other stars, and when we look at the Milky way in the sky we are actually looking towards more central regions in the disk.
The term ‘bulge’ is used to describe the dense spheroidal swarm of stars often found in the centres of spiral and S0 galaxies. The bulge of the Milky Way appears to be fairly typical – a slightly flattened sphere of radius ~6,500 light years – while bulge sizes in other galaxies vary from several hundred to several tens of thousands of light years, depending on the type and size of the galaxy.
Huge interstellar cigar shaped alien craft caught in deep space
Huge interstellar cigar shaped alien craft caught in deep space
A cigar shaped alien craft has been spotted on Google Sky map. The approximately 370 meter long object has been spotted while traveling between the constellations Aquarius and Pisces.
Although NASA and our government still deny the existence of these large alien spacecraft, the discovery of this UFO is again proof that many of these interstellar alien spacecraft are present in deep space whereby the space around the The Orion Nebula is known as a hotspot for these starships.
Sky map coordinates: -15.237063° -177.820446°
To see several cigar shaped (moving) UFOs near the Orion Nebula captured by telescopes, check out our label: Orion Nebula
Yet, over the years, similar UFOs have visited the sun too for reasons unknown to us, although it is said that they visit the sun to harvest energy.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
14-12-2022
Bright UAP ‘towered over US Navy ship in typhoon’ and was so huge ‘stopped rain’
Bright UAP ‘towered over US Navy ship in typhoon’ and was so huge ‘stopped rain’
During a typhoon in 2008, Bob McGwier was aboard the USS Blue Ridge. There, he saw a massive glowing object that was flying over the ship. It protected the entire vessel from the rain.
During that time, a massive typhoon hit the US Navy aircraft carrier USS Blue Ridge in a sea new Thailand. One of the people aboard the ship claimed that they saw a mysterious flying object that prevented the rain from falling on the vessel.
According to McGwier, he worked on classified projects while aboard a nuclear submarine. He also claimed to have encountered a frightening encounter while aboard another Navy vessel.
He also claimed to have seen other strange objects during his time aboard the ship. For instance, during a recent interview with Chris Mehto, he talked about the time he saw a massive shape hovering over the ship. You can watch the full interview in the Youtube video bellow!
During the interview, he noted that the typhoon that hit the ship in 2008 had winds of up to 90 knots and seas of up to 40 feet. Although the storm was raining, no rain was falling on the vessel.
As he looked out the window, he saw a glow in the sky. He then saw that the object was either blocking the rain from falling on the ship or it was a massive flying object. According to Bob, the glowing object looked like it was on a flat surface. He continued to observe it and noted that the object started to grow brighter before it disappeared. He concluded that it was a massive flying object that took off.
Over the years, various Navy personnel have reported seeing strange flying objects. In 2016, investigative journalist Jeremy Corbell released a series of videos that captured the alleged sightings. He claimed that around a hundred UFOs were spotted flying over nine US Navy warships in a month.
UFO sighting near Lake Geneva, Switzerland – December 2022
UFO sighting near Lake Geneva, Switzerland – December 2022
These unidentified flying objects were filmed in the night sky near Lake Geneva in Switzerland.
Witness report:
Me and my boyfriend stepped on our balcony last night at 5:51 pm when he saw three lights moving synchronically upwards and disappearing. Video was taken yesterday 11th of December 2022. We ate not sure if they were just lanterns but they are definitely not airplanes.
OCEAN VORTEX SWALLOWS FLEET OF SHIPS | The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters (Season 1)
The crew is on a mission to find evidence of Jingle’s fleet at the bottom of a mid-ocean sink hole. See more in this clip from Season 1, "Holes in the Ocean."
Watch new episodes of The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters, Tuesdays at 10/9c, and stay up to date on all of your favorite The HISTORY Channel shows at history.com/schedule.
Perseverance captures sound of a Martian dust devil
NASA's Perseverance rover captured audio of a Martian dust devil on September 21, 2021 using its SuperCam microphone. The dust devil traveled "directly over the Perseverance rover," according to Nature Communications paper authors Naomi Murdoch and colleagues.
Sunspot crackling with strong M flares - See them in 4K time-lapse
Sunspot AR3165 has erupted with several m-class solar flares in a span of a few hours. NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory captured the fireworks in several wavelengths.
Credit:Space.com | footage courtesy: NASA/SDO/helioviewer.org | edited by Steve Spaleta
The eerie sound of Mars' 'dust devils': Recordings taken by NASA's Perseverance rover suggest whirlwinds reach over 387 FEET tall as they skim across the Red Planet
The eerie sound of Mars' 'dust devils': Recordings taken by NASA's Perseverance rover suggest whirlwinds reach over 387 FEET tall as they skim across the Red Planet
NASA's Perseverance rover has taken an audio recording of a dust devil on Mars
The whirlwind of grit was over 387 feet (118m) and blew at 25mph (40kph)
It provided scientists insight into the atmosphere and weather on the Red Planet
You can hear the blowing winds and sound of dust hitting the rover's exterior
Dust tornadoes over 387feet (118m) tall are skimming along the surface of Mars, scientists have found.
Known as 'dust devils', these whirlwinds swirl around at speeds of 25mph (40kph), blowing up grit and particles as they go.
NASA's Perseverance rover took the first ever audio recording of the phenomenon, which provides insight into the atmosphere and weather on the Red Planet.
This could help engineers as they design future Mars missions, as bombardment from the dust has implications on the hardware we send up.
Recording of a 'dust devil' on Mars. Two periods of the low frequency wind can be heard as the dust devil leading and trailing walls pass over the rover. Grains impacting the rover can also be heard.
Dust tornadoes over 387feet (118m) tall are skimming along the surface of Mars, scientists have found. Pictured: A 70-yard-wide Martian dust devil
This is a spectrogram of the microphone sound showing the wind noise, grain impacts and also the rover pump harmonic at 760 Hz. A large grain impact causes an acoustic echo at approximately 6kHz due to sound reflections from the base of the microphone
PERSEVERANCE ROVER COMES WITH 23 CAMERAS
There are 23 cameras mounted to the Perseverance rover including:
Nine engineering cameras, seven science cameras and seven for entry, descent and landing.
The engineering cameras give detailed information in colour about the terrain the rover has to cross.
They measure the ground for safe driving, check out the status of hardware and support sample gathering.
There are Hazcams for hazard detection and Navcams for navigation.
Science cameras record in more detail and can even capture 3D images.
The Mastcam-Zon a 2 metre arm has a zoom feature for focusing on distant objects and can film video.
The Supercam fires a laser at mineral targets beyond the reach of the rovers arm to analysed the chemical composition of the rock.
Perseverance landed in the Jezero Crater on Mars on 18 February 2021, after a nearly seven-month journey through space.
Since then, the car-sized robot has been searching for ancient biomarkers in the Martian clay, which could indicate if alien life ever existed there.
It is equipped with 23 cameras that help it navigate, assess its safety and collect visual data on near and distant objects.
One of those cameras is the 'Supercam' – a suite of tools located on Perseverance's 'head' that contains scientific instruments, cameras and a microphone.
Sensors on other landers and rovers have been able to pick up vibrations on Mars in the past, however this microphone is the first to ever grace its surface.
It records samples at nearly 100,000 times a second, which gives researchers a stronger sense of the environmental conditions on Mars.
'We can learn a lot more using sound than we can with some of the other tools,' said Dr Roger Wiens, the principal investigator of Perseverance's SuperCam.
Scientists at NASA and the National Higher French Institute of Aeronautics and Space have used the microphone to make the first ever recording of an extraterrestrial dust devil.
Dust devils are common on Mars, and indicate areas of atmospheric turbulence.
They lift dust into the atmosphere - an important step in the planet's dust cycle, which helps regulate its climate.
This particular one was about 82 feet (25 m) wide, which is about ten times wider than the rover itself.
Perseverance (pictured) landed in the Jezero Crater on Mars on February 18 2021, after a nearly seven-month journey through space
Dust devils (pictured) are common on Mars, and indicate areas of atmospheric turbulence. They lift dust into the atmosphere – an important step in the planet's dust cycle
Prior to this recording, data collected by Perseverance's other sensors showed that over a hundred of these tornadoes have passed over the rover since it landed.
However, since the microphone is only on for about three minutes every day, it wasn't until 27 September 2021 that the sound of a dust devil was picked up for the first time.
You can clearly hear the blowing winds, with a faint pattering of grains bouncing off the rover's exterior.
As well as the audio recording, Perseverance took air pressure readings and time-lapse photos during this encounter.
Dr Roger Wiens, the principal investigator of Perseverance's SuperCam, said that all this enabled the researchers to follow the dust devil.
He said: 'We could watch the pressure drop, listen to the wind, then have a little bit of silence that is the eye of the tiny storm, and then hear the wind again and watch the pressure rise.'
This figure shows the relative size of the dust devil with respect to the Perseverance rover. The dust devil diameter (white circles) is 25 m. The blue dashed arrow shows the dust devil trajectory direction. The rover Navigation camera (Navcam) field of view is indicated by the pale triangle. At t1, Perseverance is in the leading vortex wall. At t2, Perseverance is inside the eye of the vortex. At t3, Perseverance is in the tailing vortex wall. The orange arrows indicate the clockwise rotational direction of the vortex winds
These are images taken of the direct dust devil encounter by the rover’s Navigation Camera (Navcam). The images have been processed to show the quantity of dust. The colour scale ranges from lowest dust content (blue) to highest dust content (yellow)
WHAT IS A 'DUST DEVIL'?
Dust devils are small 'but vigorous' whirlwinds that pick up dust, sand and debris it picks up from the ground.
They range from 3 to 30 metres in diameter on Earth, with an average high of 200 metres. Some have reached up to a kilometer.
They form when hot air rises quickly through the cooler air above it. If conditions are right this can cause a spinning effect as the air rises.
Source: American Meteorological Society
The team analysed all the data Perseverance collected together, and their findings were published today in Nature Communications.
He said: 'The wind is fast, about 25 miles per hour, but about what you would see in a dust devil on Earth.
'The difference is that the air pressure on Mars is so much lower that the winds, while just as fast, push with about one per cent of the pressure the same speed of wind would have back on Earth.
'It's not a powerful wind, but clearly enough to loft particles of grit into the air to make a dust devil.'
This will come as a relief to future astronauts, who can be confident that they won't have to face gale force winds while exploring the planet.
The dust devils may also have blown off grit that settled on the solar panels of previous rovers, helping them to survive on Mars for longer than they otherwise would have.
The Spirit rover lasted for six years, and the Opportunity rover remained active for nearly 15 years.
Dr Wiens said: 'Those rover teams would see a slow decline in power over a number of days to weeks, then a jump. That was when wind cleared off the solar panels.'
This could explain why the InSight lander, which currently sits in the less windy Elysium Planitia, is winding down its mission after only four years.
Scientists at NASA and the National Higher French Institute of Aeronautics and Space have used Perseverance's microphone to make the first ever recording of an extraterrestrial dust devil. Pictured: A dust devil photographed by NASA's Curiosity Rover
Prior to this recording, data collected by Perseverance's other sensors showed that over a hundred of these tornadoes have passed over the rover since it landed. Pictured: Three dust devils photographed by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
The researchers hope the microphone will be able to pick up the sound of dust devils that appear in different geological locations on Mars.
This will allow them to compare data from the different recordings to find out how the Martian landscape affects their properties.
'Just like Earth, there is different weather in different areas on Mars,' Dr Wiens added.
'Using all of our instruments and tools, especially the microphone, helps us get a concrete sense of what it would be like to be on Mars.'
NASA MARS 2020: PERSEVERANCE ROVER AND INGENUITY HELICOPTER ARE SEARCHING FOR LIFE ON THE RED PLANET
NASA's Mars 2020 mission was launched to search for signs of ancient life on the Red Planet in a bid to help scientists better understand how life evolved on Earth in the earliest years of the evolution of the solar system.
Named Perseverance, the main car-sized rover is exploring an ancient river delta within the Jezero Crater, which was once filled with a 1,600ft deep lake.
It is believed that the region hosted microbial life some 3.5 to 3.9 billion years ago and the rover will examine soil samples to hunt for evidence of the life.
Nasa's Mars 2020 rover (artist's impression) is searching for signs of ancient life on Mars in a bid to help scientists better understand how life evolved on our own planet
The $2.5 billion (£1.95 billion) Mars 2020 spaceship launched on July 30 with the rover and helicopter inside - and landed successfully on February 18, 2021.
Perseverance landed inside the crater and will slowly collect samples that will eventually be returned to Earth for further analysis.
A second mission will fly to the planet and return the samples, perhaps by the later 2020s in partnership with the European Space Agency.
This concept art shows the Mars 2020 rover landing on the red planet via NASA's 'sky-crane' system
A dust devil swirls across the landscape in Jezero Crater.
Asteroids Didn’t Create the Moon’s Largest Craters. Left-Over Planetesimals Did
The largest impact basin on the Moon is the South-Pole Aitken basin. It, and other impact basins, were created by planetesimals according to a new study.
Asteroids Didn’t Create the Moon’s Largest Craters. Left-Over Planetesimals Did
The Moon’s pock-marked surface tells the story of its history. It’s marked by over 9,000 impact craters, according to the International Astronomical Union (IAU.) The largest ones are called impact basins, not craters. According to a new study, asteroids didn’t create the basins; leftover planetesimals did.
A 2014 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera image showing two similarly sized craters in Mare Tranquillitatis. Both are about 500 meters in diameter. One is littered with boulders and the other is not. This boulder discrepancy is likely due to age differences between the two craters. Image width is about 2 kilometers. North points up.
The Giant Impact Hypothesis shows that the Moon was created when a Mars-sized protoplanet slammed into Earth about 4.5 billion years ago. The collision sent molten material into orbit around Earth. Some of that material fell to Earth, and some coalesced to become the Moon.
As the molten rock coalesced, the Moon experienced a phase called the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO.) The Moon’s entire surface was molten during the LMO, and while astronomers do not doubt that massive objects collided with the Moon during that episode, there’s no record of them. Only once the Moon solidified could impacts leave a lasting mark.
This illustration shows the Lunar Magma Ocean and the first rocky crust on the Moon. Image Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Researchers try to understand the Moon by piecing together the history of lunar impacts, and the solidification of the LMO marks hour zero for the Moon’s impact record. Since the Moon is geologically inactive, every impactor that struck the Moon since hour zero left a mark that’s still there to this day.
Some of the Moon’s craters are so vast that they’re called impact basins, not craters. Basins are not only larger than craters, but they’re also more complex and tend to have a central peak ring rather than a single central peak. Features larger than 300 km are called lunar impact basins, and there are about 50 of them. The Moon’s largest impact basin is the South-Pole Aitken (SPA) basin, and it’s 2,494.5 kilometres (1,550 miles) in diameter. Texas could fit inside it.
This image shows the main impact basins on the Moon. The left shows the lunar near side, and the right shows the far side. Image Credit: LPI (Paul Spudis and David Kring)
A new study says the leftover terrestrial planetesimals formed these basins when they slammed into the Moon. The study is “Formation of Lunar Basins from Impacts of Leftover Planetesimals,” published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. The lead author is David Nesvorný from the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI.)
The impactors that created the basins played a huge role in the Moon’s history and controlled much of its geology. When they struck, they removed existing crust material from the innermost peak ring and thickened the crust between the inner peak ring and the outer rim crest. The Moon’s mare basalts, which the Apollo missions sampled, are mostly confined to the topographic depressions in the middle of the basins. The impacts also created faulting and other deformations over large regions of the lunar surface and excavated mantle material. This exposed mantle material holds clues to fundamental planetary formation and evolution processes.
Some impact basins are still referred to as lunar mares because of their appearance. Ancient humans thought the dark regions inside the basins were oceans. The basins became filled with basaltic lava not when they were initially formed but when other impactors struck the opposite side of the Moon from the basins and triggered volcanic activity. Mares cover about 16% of the lunar surface.
Mare Imbrium, or the Sea of Showers, is easily seen from Earth and is highlighted in this map of the Moon. It’s called a lunar mare because the Imbrium impact basin was covered in basaltic lava sometime in the past. The other large, dark spots are also basins created from asteroid impacts. Credit: NASA
When these basins form, the impact spreads ejecta far and wide, which helps researchers piece together the Moon’s history. A crater on top of the ejecta must be younger than the impact basin, and if a basin partially buries a crater, then the crater is older.
Previous research showed that asteroids from the main belt are responsible for these impact basins. “The basin-forming impactors were suspected to be asteroids released from an inner extension of the main belt (1.8–2.0 au),” the authors write. But in their paper, the authors say that most impactors were planetesimals. “Here, we show that most impactors were instead rocky planetesimals left behind at ~0.5–1.5 au after the terrestrial planet accretion.”
The Schrodinger impact basin is on the lunar far side. It’s a strong example of a peak-ring basin with a central peak ring rather than a single central peak. Schrodinger is an ancient basin formed around 3.8 to 3.9 billion years ago. Image Credit: NASA Scientific Visualization Studio (NASA SVS).
NASA’s Landsat 7 satellite captured this image of Pingualuit Crater on August 17, 2002. In it, water appears blue, and land appears in varying shades of beige. With a diameter of 2.14 miles (3.44 kilometers), Pingualuit Crater holds a lake about 876 feet (267 meters) deep.
More planetesimals collided with the Moon than show up in the record because planetesimals were more plentiful earlier in the Solar System’s history, and some would have struck during the Moon’s LMO phase. “… the first ~200 Myr of impacts are not recorded on the lunar surface,” the researchers explain.
The researchers created models to determine planetesimals’ role in forming the lunar basins. They based their models on previous research into terrestrial planet accretion that shows how planetesimals changed over time due to collisions with other objects. This is called collisional grinding, which eventually results in a uniform size distribution of planetesimals. They also relied on the dynamical modelling of asteroids and comets to see what role they played in lunar impacts.
This figure from the study shows early impacts of diameter d > 20 km planetesimals on the Moon. In the first billion years after the LMO solidified, leftover terrestrial planetesimals accounted for most impact basins. Over time, they were depleted from the Solar System, leaving only asteroids and comets as lunar impactors. Image Credit: David Nesvorný et al 2022 ApJL 941 L9
The authors’ work shows that asteroid impacts created the most impacts in the last 3.5 billion years. But before that, planetesimals did most of the damage. “The integrated history of lunar impacts shows that leftover planetesimals dominated the early impact flux (t < 1.1 Gyr or T > 3.5 Ga; T is measured looking backward from today).” Comets created some impact craters in the Solar System, but not many, compared to asteroids and planetesimals.
Their results also show that about 500 20km diameter planetesimals struck the Moon during its LMO phase. But those impacts left no lasting mark.
The prominent Imbrium basin is a bit of an outlier, according to this work. In their model, the planetesimal that created the Imbrium basin “occurs with a 15%–35% probability”, was greater than or equal to about 100 km in diameter, and struck about 3.92 billion years ago. The authors say it must have formed late because it only has two smaller basins overlying it.
The results are supported by impacts on Earth, too. But without impact craters to study, researchers rely on spherule beds. When impactors strike Earth, they create a plume of vaporized rock. The rock condenses into tiny sphere-shaped rocks called spherules that shower back onto the Earth. They form spherule beds embedded in rock. “Our model predicts ~20 d > 10 km impacts on the Earth for T = 2.5–3.5 Ga.,” the study says. “This is similar to the number of known spherule beds in the late Archean.”
In this time interval, both main-belt asteroids and leftover planetesimals struck Earth. But, they write, “Whereas the asteroid impacts were more uniformly spread over the late Archean, nearly all planetesimal impacts should have happened before 3 Ga.”
This figure from the study shows the number of 10km diameter or larger impactors that struck Earth. Leftover planetesimals accounted for most of the impacts for the first billion years following Earth’s magma ocean phase. The number of spherule beds on the Earth agrees with their model, according to the authors. The inset picture is the Monteville spherule layer in South Africa. Image Credit: David Nesvorný et al 2022 ApJL 941 L9. Inset Image Credit: Reimold & Koeberl 2014
Researchers are still studying the Moon’s craters and piecing together the Solar System’s history. While the IAU officially recognizes 9,137 craters, of which 1,675 have been dated, these numbers are likely to change. New research based on data from China’s Chang’E lunar orbiter puts the number of craters closer to 130,000. Other research puts the number even higher: two million craters larger than 1-2 km.
Whatever the eventual number, each crater is like a fossil. Earth lacks this fossil record, and piecing together the impact fossil record on the Moon not only reveals the Moon’s history; it reveals Earth’s.
We Have Ignition! Fusion Breakthrough Raises Hopes — and Questions
For the first time ever, physicists have set off a controlled nuclear fusion reaction that released more energy than what was put into the experiment.
The milestone laser shot took place on Dec. 5 at the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. The fact that there was a net energy gain qualified the shot, in technical terms, as ignition. “Reaching ignition in a controlled fusion experiment is an achievement that has come after more than 60 years of global research, development, engineering and experimentation,” said Jill Hruby, under secretary of energy for nuclear security and the administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration.
However, officials acknowledged that it’s still likely to be decades before commercial fusion power becomes a reality. They said the most immediate impact of the breakthrough will be felt in the field of national security and the stewardship of America’s nuclear weapons stockpile.
If nuclear fusion power can be harnessed, that could open up a new era of cleaner, more abundant energy. One of the potential fuels for fusion is deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen that can be extracted from seawater.
Fusion takes advantage of the same reaction that lights up the sun. Unlike nuclear fission, which involves the decay of heavy radioactive elements, fusion smashes together lighter elements so forcefully that some of the mass of the fuel is converted into energy in line with Albert Einstein’s famous E=mc2 equation.
Researchers around the world have been working to maximize the efficiency of fusion reactions in the lab. The biggest project is the international ITER experiment in France, which will use a giant magnetic confinement device known as a tokamak. The National Ignition Facility uses a different approach, which focuses a blast from 192 high-powered lasers on a tiny capsule containing a deuterium-tritium target that’s smaller than a BB pellet.
The NIF team has been trying to achieve ignition for years, but it’s been devilishly difficult to craft the target pellet and the geometry of the laser blast to produce the pressures and temperatures required for fusion. Mark Herrmann, program director for weapon physics and design at the Livermore Lab, compared the effort to a race between heating up the target and losing that heat due to tiny defects in the design.
“For many, many decades, we lost the race,” Herrmann said.
Thanks in part to machine learning tools, the design was improved over the past few months. At 1:03 a.m. PT Dec. 5, a laser shot put 2.05 megajoules of energy into the experiment — and got back 3.15 megajoules of neutron-producing fusion energy. “A gain of 1.5,” said Marv Adams, NNSA’s deputy administrator for defense programs.
Tammy Ma, who leads Livermore Lab’s Inertial Fusion Energy Institutional Initiative, said she “burst into tears” when she heard about the successful shot.
Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said the achievement would “go down in the history books.”
“This milestone moves us one significant step closer to abundant carbon-free energy powering our society,” she said.
The wider fusion research community also hailed the breakthrough. “Today’s announcement shows the world that fusion is not science fiction: It will soon be a viable source of energy,” Andrew Holland, CEO of the Fusion Industry Association, said in a news release. “There are still many steps between these experimental results and fusion power plants, but this is an important milestone for fusion.”
David Kirtley — the CEO of Helion Energy, a commercial fusion company based in Everett, Wash. — said achieving ignition is “a really big deal for fusion science.”
“Even though at the National Ignition Facility, they were not focused on commercial energy, at Helion we believe this paves the way for private business to now focus and turn up the speed on getting commercial energy to the grid,” Kirtley said.
In a 2017 video, Universe Today’s Fraser Cain delves into fusion research.
The researchers behind the experiment didn’t downplay the challenges. Although the laser shot itself registered a net energy gain, Livermore Lab director Kim Budil pointed out that the total electrical energy required “from the wall” to support the experiment was 300 megajoules — roughly 100 times the amount of fusion energy produced.
“Our calculation suggests that it’s possible with a laser system at scale to achieve hundreds of megajoules of yield, so there is a pathway to a target that produces enough yield,” Budil said. “But we’re very distant from that right now.”
Moreover, the National Ignition Facility is designed to do a laser shot only about once a day, but a power plant would have to produce energy continuously. (And for what it’s worth, one kilowatt-hour of energy is equivalent to 3.6 megajoules.)
“A few decades of research on the underlying technologies could put us in a position to build a power plant,” Budil said.
Michael Mann, a climate scientist at the University of Pennsylvania, cautioned against getting too excited about today’s announcement. “I’d be more excited about an announcement that U.S. is ending fossil fuel subsidies,” Mann said in a series of tweets. “That doesn’t mean it isn’t good news, but it does mean that it won’t play a significant role in decarbonizing our economy by 50% this decade, which is necessary to avert catastrophic >1.5C (3F) warming.”
Focusing on existing sources of renewable energy and improving technologies for energy storage, efficiency and conservation are more realistic strategies for dealing with the climate challenge over the next decade, Mann said.
In addition to advancing the cause of clean energy, ignition contributes to NNSA’s national security mission, Adams said.
“First, it will lead to laboratory experiments that help NNSA defense programs continue to maintain confidence in our deterrent without nuclear explosive testing,” Adams said. “Second, it underpins the credibility of our deterrent by demonstrating world-leading expertise in weapons-relevant technologies. That is, we know what we’re doing.”
Helion Energy’s Kirtley, who conducted research into plasma propulsion systems before turning his focus to commercial fusion power, said the breakthrough could have off-Earth implications as well.
“Interestingly, I think this is even more applicable for space propulsion applications of fusion than it is for commercial electricity generation,” he said. “The pulsed inertial method that the National Ignition Facility is doing is a high-gain ignition type of system for electricity generation. Helion is focused on really efficient small-scale generators, but in space, the inertial application at high gain and high energy yield is really one of the key goals.”
The large scale structure of the universe is dominated by vast empty regions known as cosmic voids. These voids appear as holes hundreds of millions of light years across in the distribution of galaxies. However, new research shows that many of them may surprisingly still be filled with dark matter.
At the very largest scales in our universe, galaxies are not scattered around randomly like salt thrown on a table. Instead they follow a pattern known as the cosmic web. This is the largest pattern found in nature. The cosmic web is made of galaxies the same way that your body is made of cells…if your cells were a million times smaller.
Filling up the entire observable universe and beyond, the cosmic web is made of a series of interlocking filaments, clusters, and walls. Sitting between all those structures are the vast empty regions called cosmic voids. At the smallest scales these voids are 20 million light years across.
Map of the nearest voids to the Milky Way galaxy. (image credit: Courtois et al.)
However, our observations of the large scale structure of the universe do not reveal the entire story. That’s because we can only see galaxies, which are a minority of all the mass in the universe. Most of the mass, somewhere around 80%, is made of dark matter, which is a mysterious form of matter that does not interact with light.
Scientists have been studying the nature of dark matter and the relationship between it and normal matter for decades using sophisticated computer simulations. Most recently, a team of researchers used simulations that represent the local volume of our universe to study the seven nearest voids to the Milky Way.
They found that while the giant gaps in galaxy distributions could be identified as voids, they were not always empty of dark matter. Indeed, half of them did not even have densities below the average density of the universe.
The astronomers were able to explain this result by the fact that not all voids are the same. Some voids appear as smaller pockets within a larger structure that is on average higher density than the rest of the universe. Other voids, typically the largest ones, expand to hundreds of millions of light-years across and take up a sizable chunk of the volume of the universe on their own.
The smaller voids that arise as pockets inside of larger structures are not fully empty of dark matter, while the largest ones are completely devoid of matter in their centers.
Understanding voids helps astronomers understand the overall structure and evolution of the universe. The researchers hope that by peering deeply into these abysses, we can also better understand the relationship between dark matter and normal manner.
James Webb detecteert meest afgelegen sterrenstelsel ooit
James Webb detecteert meest afgelegen sterrenstelsel ooit
Turen in onze kosmos is een fantastisch tijdverdrijf en met de nieuwe James Webb-ruimtetelescoop van NASA kunnen astronomen dat nu veel nauwkeuriger. De telescoop zou vorige week een zeer oud sterrenstelsels hebben ontdekt dat tot nu toe niet zichtbaar was. Het sterrenstelsel zou ‘slechts’ 350 miljoen jaar na de oerknal zijn ontstaan.
Astronomen zeiden donderdag dat dit recent ontdekte sterrenstelsel wel eens het meest afgelegen zou kunnen zijn dat ooit is waargenomen. Dat record stond hiervoor op een observatie van de Hubble-ruimtetelescoop. Dat sterrenstelsel vormde zich zo’n 400 miljoen jaar na het begin van het heelal.
Het licht dat we op de beelden van de James Webb-telescoop kunnen zien is zo’n 13,5 miljard jaar geleden vertrokken. “De kans is echter wel groot dat dit record binnenkort weer gebroken wordt”, vertelt onze wetenschapsexpert Martijn Peters. “De James Webb is nog maar 6 maanden operationeel, dus we gaan nog zeer veel ontdekken”.
Amerikaanse wetenschappers kondigen doorbraak aan in kernfusie
In de Verenigde Staten hebben wetenschappers een doorbraak bewerkstelligd op vlak van kernfusie. Bij een experiment is voor het eerst meer energie opgewekt dan er was gebruikt. Dat meldt het Amerikaanse ministerie van Energie.
Amerikaanse wetenschappers kondigen doorbraak aan in kernfusie: wat is kernfusie en wat is het voordeel?
Zo werkt het (infografiek via UKAEA):
"Doordat we isotopen van waterstofatomen (red. deuterium en tritium) gebruiken en we er zeer weinig nodig hebben voor een enorme hoeveelheid energie, is de brandstof quasi onuitputtelijk", legt de kernfysicus uit. Per kilogram brandstof zou zo in theorie 10 miljoen keer meer energie vrijkomen dan bij de verbranding van fossiele brandstoffen als kolen, olie of gas.
“Het experiment produceerde meer energie uit fusie dan de laserenergie die is gebruikt om de fusie aan te drijven”, aldus het Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), een federale onderzoeksinstelling in Livermore in Californië bij het ministerie van Energie. “Deze verwezenlijking is een grote wetenschappelijke doorbraak die tientallen jaren in de maak was.”
De Amerikaanse minister van Energie Jennifer Granholm prees de doorbraak als “baanbrekend, wereldverbeterend en levensreddend”.
Minder radioactief afval
Bij kernfusie worden in een reactor de kernen van verschillende atomen samengesmolten, het omgekeerde van kernsplijting. Deze techniek heeft een enorm potentieel als energiebron, omdat er grote hoeveelheden lichte kernen op Aarde aanwezig zijn, met name waterstof, waardoor de brandstof dus nagenoeg eindeloos voorradig is. Ander voordeel is dat er geen broeikasgassen vrijkomen en veel minder radioactief afval dan bij kernsplijting.
In theorie kan kernfusie een heel milieuvriendelijke bron van energie worden, maar om de atomen te laten samensmelten zijn intense lasers nodig, en die kosten energie.
Een onderdeel van het Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory voerde vorige week een test uit. Het kostte 2,05 megajoule aan energie om 3,15 megajoule te creëren, werd dinsdag bekendgemaakt. Netto is er nog wel verlies, want het kostte 300 megajoule om de lasers op te warmen zodat ze 2,05 megajoule aan energie konden afvuren.
Kernwapens
De primeur kan ook helpen bij het beheren van de Amerikaanse kernwapens. Ook die gebruiken kernfusie. Door atomen in een lab samen te laten smelten, is het mogelijk om zulke bommen te testen zonder ze daadwerkelijk tot ontploffing te hoeven brengen. Daarom geven de Verenigde Staten elk jaar miljarden dollars uit aan onderzoek naar kernfusie.
De weg is nog lang vooraleer de oplossing op industrieel en commercieel vlak haalbaar is. Volgens Kim Budil, directeur van LLNL, kan dat nog enkele decennia in beslag nemen. Volgens haar zijn er vooral technologische uitdagingen.
Dat er eerst enkele honderden megajoule aan energie moest worden geïnjecteerd, is de keerzijde van het succesverhaal. De energieopbrengst is uiteindelijk een fractie van de input, aldus Tony Roulstone van de Universiteit van Cambridge. Om elektriciteit op te wekken moet minstens tweemaal de hoeveelheid geïnvesteerde energie geproduceerd worden.
Volgens Justin Wark van de Universiteit van Oxford kan het LLNL dit resultaat maar één keer per dag bereiken. “Een fusiecentrale zou dat tien keer per seconde moeten doen.” Wel is de fysicus optimistisch. “De basiswetenschap is vrij goed begrepen en dat zou verdere investeringen moeten stimuleren.”
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)
Huge drop in UFO Reports Coming Into MUFON In Last 3 Months. UFO Sighting News.
Huge drop in UFO Reports Coming Into MUFON In Last 3 Months. UFO Sighting News.
Guys, this is really odd. I have noticed a huge drop in the last 3 months in UFO reports coming into MUFON. It use to be 30-50 per 24 hours, but now is closer to 3-12 per 24 hours. I am worried, because it began 3 months ago, when weather was warmer and people were outdoors more. Less sightings is concerning, because its like aliens have change game plans and getting us use to sightings little by little is being thrown out the window.
As if they came to the conclusion that it wont work, so...the big question is...what is the new plan aliens have that replaced the old one? Below is a screenshot which normally would be full for the last 24 hours, however it not covered three full days. Also reports coming onto Youtube and Twitter have slowed down dramatically. Something is up, something is about to happen soon.
3 glowing UFOs a couple blocks from the US capitol, Washington, D.C.
3 glowing UFOs a couple blocks from the US capitol, Washington, D.C.
This interesting UFO video of a three glowing orbs hovering in the sky above Washington, DC was filmed last week. What do you think about this sighting?
Witness report:
This was a remarkable sighting in person mannn , and Nooo it was not a lantern this object drew so much attention even people were pulling over cars to get out and record with us.
3 glowing UFOs a couple blocks from the US capitol, Washington, D.C.
3 glowing UFOs a couple blocks from the US capitol, Washington, D.C.
This interesting UFO video of a three glowing orbs hovering in the sky above Washington, DC was filmed last week. What do you think about this sighting?
Witness report:
This was a remarkable sighting in person mannn , and Nooo it was not a lantern this object drew so much attention even people were pulling over cars to get out and record with us.
Close Encounters of the Fifth Kind - Full Documentary - YouTube
Close Encounters of the Fifth Kind - Full Documentary - YouTube
“Close Encounters of the Fifth Kind” is a feature documentary presented by Dr. Steven Greer, the global authority on extraterrestrials who created the worldwide disclosure movement and routinely briefs presidents and heads of state on the ET phenomenon. His previous works, Sirius and Unacknowledged, broke crowdfunding records and ignited a grassroots movement.
In this film, Dr. Greer presents the most dangerous information that the architects of secrecy don’t want you to know: how forgotten spiritual knowledge holds the key to humans initiating contact with advanced ET civilizations.
The film features groundbreaking video and photographic evidence and supporting interviews from prominent figures such as Adam Curry of Princeton’s PEAR Lab; legendary civil rights attorney Daniel Sheehan; and Dr. Russell Targ, who headed the CIA’s top secret remote viewing program. Their message: For thousands of people, contact has begun. This is their story.
West Midlands Policeman is writing a book about UFO encounters
West Midlands Policeman is writing a book about UFO encounters
Cover of the first book
Roy Teague, an inspector from the West Midlands Police Federation, is working on a book about the strange sightings of flying objects by officers. Although he has never actually seen a UFO himself, he’s hoping to hear stories about them.
After gathering a lot of information about the phenomenon, he started working on the book. According to Mr. Teague, the response to his calls for witnesses has been overwhelming.
He’s hoping to collect stories about these sightings so that they can be saved for future generations. He’s also planning on treating everyone who provides him with the necessary anonymity.
After watching a documentary about the alleged sightings in the US, Mr. Teague started to wonder who the best witnesses are. He said that he was most interested in finding out the truth about the matter since he believes that people who are in professional occupations are more credible than others.
See Sierra Space's LIFE habitat burst in new ultimate pressure test
Sierra Space "successfully completed its second sub-scale Ultimate Burst Pressure (UBP) test" in Nov. 2022, according to statement released by the company. The space habitation system prototype exceeded NASA certification requirements.
Credit: Sierra Space
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Fusion energy breakthrough and national security implications explained
NNSA Deputy Administrator for Defense Programs Dr. Marvin “Marv” Adams, and LLNL Director Dr. Kim Budil explain the fusion energy breakthrough announced in Dec. 2022.
Credit: US Department of Energy
Something Happens to Earth Every 200 Million Years
Earthquakes of unprecedented magnitude will destroy our metropolises. New mountains will rise right in the middle of the skyscrapers! And the remains of the ravaged neighborhoods will be swallowed up by a mega glacier. But the dead silence won’t last long. Soon, a comet will appear in the sky and turn the remnants of civilization into lava and ash! Our planet has cycles of catastrophic events that sometimes stretch for millions of years, and therefore, they are very difficult to notice.
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The Moon Is Not What You Think It Is!
The moon is the earth's only natural satellite- that's probably how you have always seen the moon. But the moon is not what you think- these are the 15 mysterious recent discoveries that would make you see the moon for what it is
12 Most Mysterious Ancient Egypt Finds That Scare Scientists
Ancient Egypt has been studied more than perhaps any other culture and country in human history. Because of that, you’d like to believe that we know everything there is to know about them. That’s not the case. There are many ancient Egyptian mysteries that we’ve never gotten to the bottom of and might never get to the bottom of - and some of them scare scientists stiff!
RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Scientists found giant black hole eating another one
A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can't escape it. But what if another black hole tries to eat it? Would it destroy it or would they two simply merge into a larger black hole? Astronomers have previously detected a black hole devouring neutron stars in a single bite. Let's see what happens if there appears another black hole on the way... Animation is created by Bright Side.
Massive, Unidentified Interstellar Objects 300 Miles Wide Detected By NASA
Massive, Unidentified Interstellar Objects 300 Miles Wide Detected By NASA. Astronomers have spent decades looking for objects from outside our own solar system. What would essentially be interstellar visitors from an alien star system. To no avail. But it is when all hope seems to be lost, that some of the most marvelous things happen. It was something like that for these astronomers. After decades of finding absolutely nothing, something completely unexpected happened. Two objects arrived, at once.
Ancient Environmental DNA Reveals Thriving 2-Million-Year-Old Life on Greenland
Ancient Environmental DNA Reveals Thriving 2-Million-Year-Old Life on Greenland
A “breakthrough” has been made in understanding the history of our planet. Studying ancient environmental DNA a team of researchers has now tracked and mapped the evolution of biological communities that existed some two million-years-ago (Mya).
Until now, the scientific understanding of Earth’s ancient biological lifeforms was greatly built on the oldest environmental DNA available, which was taken from a woolly mammoth that roamed in the Siberian tundra around 1 Mya. But a team of researchers has now sampled and interpreted DNA from sedimentary clay and quartz deposits taken from the permafrost of Greenland that dates back to around 2 million Mya.
Based on this new study of ancient environmental DNA, the team of researchers has presented a detailed picture of life in a 2-million-year-old (Myo) environment, describing it as “far removed from the icy shores of the Arctic Circle.” But more importantly, they think their new techniques and methodology might soon shine light on the ancient origins of humans .
A two-million- year-old trunk from a larch tree still stuck in the permafrost within the coastal deposits. The tree was carried to the sea by the rivers that eroded the former forested landscape.
A new paper published in the journal Nature explores an ancient ecosystem through the results of an analysis of “the oldest ancient environmental DNA recovered to date,” anywhere. The samples were all taken in the north of Greenland, and the study reveals the animal and plant species that roamed these northern territories approximately two Mya.
Author of the new paper, Geneticist Eske Willerslev of the University of Cambridge in the UK and the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, says the new research opens “a new chapter spanning 1 million extra years of history.” And as a result of this new study scientists can now “look directly at the DNA of a past ecosystem that far back in time" added Eske.
Prof. Eske Willerslev and a colleague sample sediments for environmental DNA in Greenland.
(Courtesy of NOVA, HHMI Tangled Bank Studios & Handful of Films/ Nature)
Revolutionary Steps in Environmental DNA Analysis
The ancient environmental DNA was identified in samples taken at the Kap København Formation, located in Peary Land, North Greenland. Often described as a ‘polar desert’ this region is renowned for its rare fossils dating back to the Neogene period beginning 23.03 million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period 2.58 Mya.
Notwithstanding, because ‘vertebrate’ fossils are rare in the Arctic researchers have always struggled to obtain samples that reveal new data about ancient biological communities. Eske explains that all previous research suggested that around 2–3 Mya the Kap København Formation region had experienced a much warmer climate with “temperatures 11–19 °C warmer than today.” But the new research was constructed around extracted and sequenced DNA “from 41 organic-rich sediment samples taken from 5 different sites within the Kap København Formation.”
Newly thawed moss from the permafrost coastal deposits. The moss originates from erosion of the river that cut through the landscape at Kap København some two million years ago.
Geologist Kurt Kjær of the University of Copenhagen explains that most of the samples were taken many years ago during other research projects. It wasn't until “a new generation of DNA extraction and sequencing equipment was developed” that extremely small and damaged fragments of DNA in the sediment samples could be analysed enabling the new “map a 2-million-year-old ecosystem."
The new model of the Greenland polar region some 2 Mya shows an ancient ecosystem thriving with fern and fauna. An open boreal forest was filled with “a mixed vegetation of poplar, birch and thuja trees, as well as a variety of Arctic and boreal shrubs and herbs.” Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA allowed the researchers to build a picture of the wildlife from the ground up.
On a microscopic scale, DNA was identified from microorganisms and fungi and the ancient world was populated by ants and fleas. On the other end of the spectrum giant mastodons roamed among reindeer, rodents and geese, and until this study it was thought that mastodons did not range as far north as Greenland. Then, in areas that were once ancient seas, the scientists recovered DNA from the Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus).
Questing Ancient Origins
In conclusion, the authors suggest their data points towards “Earth's future in the face of a changing climate.” What they mean here is that they now have insights into the ability of different species to adapt to the changing environments resulting from temperature increases. Geogeneticist Mikkel Pederson of the University of Copenhagen said the new found information suggests that given time, “more species can evolve and adapt to wildly varying temperatures than previously thought.”
In the opening sentence this new research was described as a “breakthrough.” Why so? Now that ancient environmental DNA has been extracted from clay and quartz samples, and successfully analysed, the new technique might now be turned towards deposits from other locations around the world. Willerslev said “the possibilities are endless" and that if the new method was applied in Africa scientists might soon be gathering “ground-breaking information about the origin of the first humans and their ancestors."
Top image: Reconstruction of Kap København formation two-million years ago in a time where the temperature was significantly warmer than northernmost Greenland today.
James Webb detecteert meest afgelegen sterrenstelsel ooit
James Webb detecteert meest afgelegen sterrenstelsel ooit
Turen in onze kosmos is een fantastisch tijdverdrijf en met de nieuwe James Webb-ruimtetelescoop van NASA kunnen astronomen dat nu veel nauwkeuriger. De telescoop zou vorige week een zeer oud sterrenstelsels hebben ontdekt dat tot nu toe niet zichtbaar was. Het sterrenstelsel zou ‘slechts’ 350 miljoen jaar na de oerknal zijn ontstaan.
Astronomen zeiden donderdag dat dit recent ontdekte sterrenstelsel wel eens het meest afgelegen zou kunnen zijn dat ooit is waargenomen. Dat record stond hiervoor op een observatie van de Hubble-ruimtetelescoop. Dat sterrenstelsel vormde zich zo’n 400 miljoen jaar na het begin van het heelal.
Het licht dat we op de beelden van de James Webb-telescoop kunnen zien is zo’n 13,5 miljard jaar geleden vertrokken. “De kans is echter wel groot dat dit record binnenkort weer gebroken wordt”, vertelt onze wetenschapsexpert Martijn Peters. “De James Webb is nog maar 6 maanden operationeel, dus we gaan nog zeer veel ontdekken”.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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