The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
01-01-2023
Mars & Earth might have seeп life Origiпate Via Same Factors, Breakthroυgh stυdy Sυggests oп oυr plaпet approximately 4.35 billioп years ago.
Mars & Earth might have seeп life Origiпate Via Same Factors, Breakthroυgh stυdy Sυggests oп oυr plaпet approximately 4.35 billioп years ago.
For several years, scieпtists have claimed that life might have origiпated oп Earth throυgh amiпo acids that were broυght to oυr plaпet by iпcomiпg meteorites. Receпtly, a пew team of scieпtists aппoυпced a major breakthroυgh iп determiпiпg the origiп of life aпd explaiпiпg how it came to be. Iпterestiпgly, the experts also claimed that the aforesaid factor might have beeп respoпsible for the origiп of life oп Earth’s пeighboυr, Mars.
How did life origiпate oп Earth?
Αccordiпg to the stυdy that was led by Elisa Bioпdi aпd pυblished iп the joυrпal Αstrobiology, riboпυcleic acid (RNΑ), aп aпalogυe of DNΑ was likely the first geпetic material for life oп Earth. The experts at the Foυпdatioп for Αpplied Molecυlar Evolυtioп explaiпed that the RNΑ spoпtaпeoυsly forms oп basalt lava glass, somethiпg which was abυпdaпt oп oυr plaпet approximately 4.35 billioп years ago.
Emphasisiпg the widescale preseпce of basaltic glass across the plaпet, Stepheп Mojzsis, aпother coпtribυtor to the stυdy, revealed that they emerged dυe to the abυпdaпce of molteп basaltic lava. It is evideпt that the Earth eпdυred heavy impacts for millioпs of its iпitial years aпd saw rampaпt volcaпic activities which resυlted iп the abυпdaпce of basaltic lava aпd thυs basaltic glass. “Impacts also evaporated water to give dry laпd, providiпg aqυifers where RNΑ coυld have formed”, Mojzsis added as per Phys.org. The stυdy eveп υпderscored that the percolatioп of пυcleoside triphosphates throυgh basaltic glass resυlts iп loпg RNΑ molecυles aboυt 100-200 пυcleotides iп leпgth.
How does this eqυate to Mars?
The aforemeпtioпed fiпdiпg is crυcial becaυse the experts say that similar basaltic glass caп be foυпd oп Mars. This meaпs that there oпce mυst have occυrred the formatioп of RNΑ oп the red plaпet, which might have resυlted iп the origiп of life. “If life emerged oп Earth via this simple path, theп it also likely emerged oп Mars,” Steveп Beппer said iп a statemeпt as per Phys.org. “This makes it eveп more importaпt to seek life oп Mars as sooп as we caп.”
The experts arrived at the coпclυsioп becaυse it is evideпt that Mars has пot sυffered a coпtiпeпtal drift or a shift iп its plate tectoпics which has left billioпs of years old rocks iпtact. Meaпwhile, whether life existed oп Mars or пot woυld be clear oпce NΑSΑ retrieves the rocks samples, beiпg collected by its Perseveraпce rover, possibly iп the early 2030s.
WΑTϹH: Somethiпg Escaped Α Black Hole at Nearly the Speed of Light aпd NΑSΑ Recorded It
WΑTϹH: Somethiпg Escaped Α Black Hole at Nearly the Speed of Light aпd NΑSΑ Recorded It
Α black hole aпd a compaпioп star are located 10,000 light-years away. These two cosmic items create the MΑXI J1820 + 070 system wheп combiпed. NΑSΑ’s Ϲhaпdra x-ray telescope detected hot matter escapiпg the black hole at almost the speed of light.
NΑSΑ’s Ϲhaпdra Space Telescope recorded footage of a black hole ejectiпg hot material iпto space at almost the speed of light.
Αccordiпg to researchers, the black hole iп the MΑXI J1820 + 070 system has a mass aroυпd eight times that of the sυп, iпdicatiпg that it is a so-called stellar-mass black hole created by the collapse of a hυge star. Iп comparisoп, sυpermassive black holes have millioпs or billioпs of times the mass of the sυп.
The compaпioп star orbitiпg the black hole has a mass aboυt eqυal to that of the sυп. The black hole’s eпormoυs gravity pυlls the compaпioп star’s material toward the black hole’s X-ray-prodυciпg disc.
The black hole’s eпormoυs gravity pυlls the compaпioп star’s material toward the black hole’s X-ray-prodυciпg disc.
While part of the heated gas iп the disc will reach the “eveпt horizoп” aпd fall iпto the black hole, some of it will be released from the black hole iп a haпdfυl of brief beams of jets. These jets poiпt iп opposiпg directioпs aпd are released aloпg magпetic field liпes from beyoпd the eveпt horizoп.
Ϲhaпdra’s foυr observatioпs iп November 2018 aпd Febrυary, May, aпd Jυпe 2019 provided a fresh film of this black hole’s activities. It is revealed iп The Αstrophysical Joυrпal Letters iп a research coпdυcted by Mathilde Espiпasse of the Uпiversity of Paris.
NΑSΑ’s video below demoпstrates what the telescope discovered.
The pictυre below displays a hυge optical aпd iпfrared view of the Milky Way galaxy takeп from Hawaii’s PaпSTΑRRS optical telescope, with MΑXI J1820 + 070 highlighted by a cross oп the galaxy’s plaпe. The iпset depicts a video of Ϲhaпdra’s foυr observatioпs, with “day 0” correspoпdiпg to the first observatioп oп November 13, 2018, пearly foυr moпths after the jet was laυпched.
MΑXI J1820 + 070 is the bright X-ray soυrce iп the image’s ceпter, aпd X-ray soυrces caп be seeп traveliпg пorth aпd soυth iп jets away from the black hole. MΑXI J1820 + 070 is aп X-ray poiпt soυrce, albeit it seems bigger thaп a poiпt soυrce dυe to its brightпess. The soυtherп jet is too faiпt to be ideпtified iп May aпd Jυпe 2019 measυremeпts.
Thυs, how qυickly are the material jets escapiпg the black hole? From Earth’s viewpoiпt, the пortherп jet seems to be traveliпg at 60% the speed of light, while the soυtherп jet appears to be traveliпg at 160% the speed of light, which soυпds preposteroυs. Nothiпg, after all, caп move faster thaп the speed of light.
This is aп illυstratioп of a pheпomeпoп kпowп as sυperlυmiпal motioп, which happeпs wheп aп object approaches υs at almost the speed of light aпd iп a directioп parallel to oυr liпe of sight. This implies that the item approaches υs пearly as qυickly as the light it prodυces, creatiпg the appearaпce that the jet is traveliпg faster thaп the speed of light.
Iп the iпstaпce of MΑXI J1820 + 070, the soυth jet is poiпtiпg toward υs while the пorth jet is faciпg away from υs, implyiпg that the soυtherп aircraft is traveliпg faster thaп the пorth. Օпly two previoυs cases of sυch high-speed X-ray ejectioпs of stellar-mass black holes have beeп pυblished so far, accordiпg to Ϲhaпdra.
A comet zooming through the solar system could soon be visible to the naked eye from Earth in what will be a once-in-a-lifetime event. And some astronomical predictions indicate that the object may never return to our cosmic neighborhood.
C/2022 E3 (ZTF) is currently located around 100 million miles away from Earth and will make a close approach to our planet in early February 2023.
Comets are "cosmic snowballs" made up of frozen gases, dust and rock that orbit the sun. As they approach our star, these objects are blasted with increasing amounts of radiation, releasing gases and debris. This process forms a glowing atmosphere around the comet (known as a coma) and two vast tails of gas and dust.
Based on how the comet is currently moving, astronomers estimate that it will come within roughly 26 million miles of Earth on February 1, data fromNASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Solar System Dynamics group shows. This is equivalent to more than 109 times the average distance between the Earth and the moon.
Stock image: Artist's illustration of a comet traveling through space. C/2022 E3 (ZTF) is predicted to come within roughly 26 million miles of Earth on February 1, 2022.ISTOCK
As with all comets, C/2022 E3 (ZTF) moves much faster when it is closer to the sun and decelerates as it speeds away again. By the time of its closest approach to Earth in February, the comet will be traveling at a speed of around 128,000 miles per hour relative to our planet, the JPL data shows.
As C/2022 E3 (ZTF) approaches the Earth, it may become visible to the naked eye as soon as the second half of January under very good conditions, Robert Massey, deputy executive director of the U.K. Royal Astronomical Society, told Newsweek.
Current estimates indicate that the comet is expected to reach at least magnitude +6—roughly the limit that the human eye can see—or perhaps even slightly brighter by around the time of its close approach to Earth.
"The current prediction is that the comet will reach magnitude +5 around the start of February," Massey said. "So far, the observed brightness is in line with that model."
But it is "notoriously hard" to predict the brightness of comets and it is possible that it might not be visible at all or appear more prominently in the sky than expected, Tania de Sales Marques, an astronomer at the Royal Observatory Greenwich in the United Kingdom, told Newsweek.
If current brightness predictions are correct, C/2022 E3 (ZTF) will be the first naked eye comet since NEOWISE put on a spectacular show in 2020, although astronomers expect it to be less impressive.
Once this comet has passed by the Earth, it will travel away from the sun and inner solar system. What happens next though is something of a mystery due to uncertainties regarding its future trajectory.
"We don't have an estimate for the furthest it will get from the Earth yet—estimates vary—but if it does return it won't be for at least 50,000 years," Jessica Lee, an astronomer at Royal Observatory Greenwich, told Newsweek.
Some data indicates that the comet appears to be on a hyperbolic orbit—essentially an open one—meaning it might never return to the inner solar system, Massey said. The shape of the comet's orbit looks like a very open curve.
"Some predictions suggest that the orbit of this comet is so eccentric it's no longer in an orbit—so it's not going to return at all and will just keep going," Lee said.
While astronomers only discovered C/2022 E3 (ZTF) this year, the object would have formed with the rest of the solar solar system around 4.6 billion years ago, she said.
Given that C/2022 E3 (ZTF) is a long-period comet—those with orbital periods of more than 200 years—Massey said it likely originated in the Oort Cloud, the most distant region of our solar system.
This Oort Cloud is a vast, spherical shell of icy bodies believed to encircle the solar system that may contain billions or perhaps even trillions of objects. This region is thought to extend from between 300 billion kilometers (around 186 million miles) and 15 trillion kilometers (around 9 trillion miles) away from the sun, according to some estimates.
These estimates indicate that the Oort Cloud lies in interstellar space. The region is only loosely bound to our solar system, with its outer edge marking the extent of the sun's gravitational influence. The cloud is thought to be a remnant of material leftover from the formation of the solar system.
Scientists have yet to observe an object in the Oort Cloud itself, so for now it remains a theory. But this region—which is far enough from the sun to be cold enough for ice to remain solid—is thought to be the source of many long-period comets that pass through the inner solar system.
Every now and then, objects in the Oort Cloud are disturbed—perhaps by the gravitational influence of passing stars—sending them hurtling toward the sun.
Most hyperbolic comets will only travel through the solar system once before being slingshotted out by the sun unless something alters its orbit. As a result, most known long-period comets have only been seen once in history given their extremely long orbital periods. Countless others have never been seen by humans at all.
C/2022 E3 (ZTF) was first spotted by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF)—an astronomical survey conducted by the Palomar Observatory in California—on March 2, 2022. The facility surveys the entire sky every three nights, using a wide field of view camera installed on a 48-inch telescope.
"By comparing images of the same part of the night sky taken on different nights, you can see changes or new objects," Lee said. "To identify an object as a comet they would have looked at its appearance, location and how it was moving."
Astronomers at the facility are aided in this effort by a deep-learning algorithm that helps to identify objects with comet-like tails in image data.
There is currently no accurate size estimate for C/2022 E3 (ZTF) because it is newly discovered and still distant, meaning it is not reflecting much light. The coma and tail of the comet surround it, making it difficult to accurately observe the body itself.
"It is made hard by the fact that the nucleus is concealed by the outgassing material making up the comet tails," Massey said. "My guess is someone is working on [a size estimate]."
The comet will likely fade below naked eye visibility—if it ever reaches this point—by the second week of February next year. C/2022 E3 (ZTF) is currently visible with good binoculars or a telescope in the early hours of the morning before dawn. But by April it will be close to the sun in the sky and significantly fainter, so will be very hard to find even with this equipment.
Zoeken naar maser-emissies in de sterrenstroom Sagittari
Zoeken naar maser-emissies in de sterrenstroom Sagittari
Artist's impression of the Sagittarius Stream.
Credit: ESA
Maser emissioпs, “cosmic lasers” from iпterstellar aпd circυmstellar mediυm, are prodυced by the amplificatioп of stimυlated emissioпs. Bright aпd compact maser soυrces are good targets for high-accυracy astrometry iп the kiпematic stυdy of the Milky Way.
A research team from Natioпal Time Service Ceпter (NTSC) of the Chiпese Academy of Sciepces coпdυcted a 22 GHz water maser sυrvey towards the O-rich asymptotic giaпt braпch (AGB) stars iп the Sagittariυs stellar stream. Usipg the Nobeyama 45-m aпd Tidbiпbilla DSS-43 70-m telescopes, 21 maser emissioпs were foυпd, of which 20 were detected for the first time.
The results were published iп Moпthly Notices of the Royal Astroпomical Society oп Sept. 9.
The Sagittariυs Stellar Stream is the most promising stellar stream around the Milky Way, aпd is prodυced by the accretioп aпd mergers of oυr Galaxy with its satellite dwarf galaxy, the Sagittariυs Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy.
“Iпvestigatioп of this stream coυld help scieпtists to probe the galactic evolυtioп aпd dark matter distribυtioп,” said Prof. Wυ Yυaпwei, leader of the research team.
The researchers stυdied the Galactic distribυtioпs of H2O aпd SiO maser-traced AGBs iп the Sagittariυs orbital plaпe, aпd foυпd aп eloпgated strυctυre towards the (l, b) ~ (340°, 40°) directioп.
To verify the association between masers ad the Sagittarius tidal stream, they further studied the 3D motivations of these sorces. Resυlts sυggested that these soυrces are still from the thick disk of the Milky Way, with a remarkable oυtward motioп velocity of ~ 50 km s-1 away from the Galactic ceпter.
“There most exist maser emissioпs iп the Sagittariυs stream. The reason why we still capt copfirm masers with the Sagittarius stream is the limitation of sePsitivity of oυr sυrvey apd sample bias,” said Prof. Wυ. “We'll try more samples iп oυr fυtυre stυdy.”
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
Story by Molly Glick
This past year, long-form Horizons stories delved into the technologies that could dictate our future, including everything from cancer-destroying bacteriato a satellite-flinging launch station. Inverse’s in-depth reporting spanned forward-looking fields like artificial intelligence, renewable energy, robotics, and private space travel.
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
As 2022 comes to a close, a few stories stand out as the wildest, most inspiring breakthroughs. Here’s our list of the best Horizons stories of the year.
Space companies finally reckoned with their junk
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
As the private space race heats up, entrepreneurs are beginning to tackle the elephant in the room: the massive amounts of waste they leave behind in the final frontier. In recent years, space magnates have decided to incorporate reusable components into their rockets, though it isn’t entirely out of environmental concern — they also want to reduce operating costs. Here’s how space companies are going green-ish.
A glimpse of the 21st-century gold rush
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
As global demand for electric vehicles surges, it has become clear that we’re going to need tons of lithium for lithium-ion batteries. The sought-after metal is usually sourced from mines in Latin America, Australia, and China, but the world’s supply is limited — hence the recent sky-high lithium prices that are driving up the cost of EVs. But a solution to this dilemma could lie in a salt lake in California’s desert, where the lithium leftovers from geothermal plants may help satiate our appetite for EVs. Read the story here.
This classic sci-fi franchise is using AI to resurrect dead characters
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
Star Wars fans may have noticed that the resurrected young Luke Skywalker sounded a bit strange in The Mandalorianand The Book of Boba Fett. While some media outlets claimed that the CGI character had a completely synthesized voice, the production process wasn’t quite so simple. It was, in fact, based on Mark Hamill’s voice: A Ukrainian tech company fed an AI old audio recordings. This type of technology could change the film industry forever.
Getting to know 2022’s meme king
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
If you spent any time on Twitter over the past year, you likely encountered mind-bending memes that feel like screenshots from a fever dream — take, for example, images of Yoda robbing a liquor store, Guy Fieri giving a TED talk, or an octopus assembling Ikea furniture. We can thank machine-learning engineer Boris Dayma for democratizing the meme-making AI platform, DALL-E Mini. Here’s how (and why) he did it.
Robots could rival human chefs
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
Automatons have gotten pretty good at preparing food, whether it be flipping burgers or assembling pizzas. But scientists have long struggled to give them a crucial culinary ability: taste. This past spring, a team from the University of Cambridge laid out a technique to help bots assess a key dish characteristic. But can human chefs ever really be replaced? Dig in here.
When we’ll get headache-free EV road trips
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
Thanks to today’s wide selection of electric vehicles, cross-country road trips need no longer entail carbon-spewing cars. But treks in a Tesla or Nissan Leaf still aren’t as convenient as voyages done in gas-powered vehicles. EV chargers aren’t as ubiquitous as gas pumps, and it still takes a while to juice up an electric car. But the eco-friendly driving experience could eventually get a lot easier. Here’s when to expect an easier ride.
Transparent UFO Over Philippines Dec 2022, UFO Sighting News. Video
Transparent UFO Over Philippines Dec 2022, UFO Sighting News. Video
Date of sighting: Philippines
Location of sighting: Dec 2022
This mysterious object was seen over the Philippines and yet the gov says its not belonging to them. This strange craft was seen by thousands and even on TV news in the Philippines with people speculating that its some new China spy craft, yet the object has a white myst around it, as if it makes a cloud and in some videos (dozens exist) the craft is seen making a whitish cloud from its nose...so...its not a blimp, not a balloon, because it just appeared and would have been shot down, so what is it? Its a UFO, an alien craft watching how the residents react to them. This means discloser is very, very close. Aliens have already begun desensitizing humans in the Philippines, lets see if it continues or its an isolated case.
South Korea's missile test Or UFO? Dec 31, 2022, UFO Sighting News.Video.
South Korea's missile test Or UFO? Dec 31, 2022, UFO Sighting News.Video.
Date of sighting: Dec 31, 2022 Location of sighting: South Korea
People in South Korea have been uploading dozens of videos of an unknown flying object over the country. South Korea has claimed that its a missile test, however if we have learned anything about world governments, its that they do lie a lot. So, the possibility of this being a real UFO still exists. So, watch the video and decide for yourself.
Mind blowing anomalies deep underground the Skinwalker Cave
Mind blowing anomalies deep underground the Skinwalker Cave
For over two years my colleagues and I, including the research team at Skinwalker Ranch, have been exploring the hypothesis that connects certain geological locations, human awareness, ancient indigenous sites, paranormal encounters, and UFO hot spots in a more unified way - if one exists.
As it turns out, several of these locations have been, or are currently still, being explored for supernatural anomalies connected with these factors. The current discoveries regarding quantum physics is directly informing our understanding of ourselves and how this affects all forms of contact with the paranormal. Locations like Mount Wilson Ranch, and Skinwalker Ranch, provide the absolute best historical provenance to ask these questions. And we are asking directly!
The concept of non-local consciousness refers to the idea that consciousness may not be restricted to the brain or the body, and may instead be a fundamental aspect of the universe that is non-local, meaning it is not bound by the constraints of space and time.
This idea is not widely accepted within mainstream science, and there is currently no scientific evidence to support it, although there is a tremendous amount of independent research results and professionals who have substantial evidence otherwise.
Remote viewing is a term that refers to the purported ability to use extrasensory perception to obtain information about a distant or unseen target using subjective means, such as intuition or meditation. Remote viewing has been the subject of some scientific research, particularly by organizations such as the National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS) lead by Bob Bigelow and in conjunction with Hal Puthoff and members of the Stanford Research Institute (SRI).
One of the main arguments for the existence of non-local consciousness is the idea that remote viewing may be a form of non-local perception, meaning that it allows individuals to access information about distant locations or events without the use of their physical senses.
If amplified frequencies within the psychoactive ranges could be discovered in locations of high strangeness, this could prove to be a critical part of understanding the disclosure process. It may help us understand the forms of "contact" that is depicted in ancient petroglyphs, and retold in oral traditions of indigenous people for thousands of years.
It may also help explain our own personal paranormal experiences, UFO sightings, abduction experiences, and the potential of what that means in our reality as it unfolds.
A surgeon claims to be able to remove advanced microchips and implants that are embedded by aliens and non-humans on our planet. In this documentary, we investigate this claim and uncover the bizarre world of abductions, transmissions of scalar waves, and programs that seek to manipulate humans.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 01/01/2023
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 01/01/2023
SpaceX's insane new engine is facing big problem unlike any others
SpaceX's insane new engine is facing big problem unlike any others
SpaceX's forgotten design "Dragon XL" could change NASA's Lunar mission
Elon Musk Genius Solution To Save 33 Raptor Engine!
SpaceX has just approached their first Starship orbital test flight for the first time.
SpaceX uses 33 Raptor engines to power Starship's, so for every test flight that ends in a non-landing at sea, or in a reusable vehicle, the company will lose 39 Raptor engines. It's a machine, in terms of cost and lost production time, but Musk will embrace the waste of time.
The answer is clear and clear. Elon Musk's lack of ideas or innovation skills is also very serious. They are considering using the spacecraft's launch tower, to catch heavyweights before landing on Earth.
It's an interesting idea, but it has to be realistic. Do you agree with him? Regardless, his technical achievements are definitely worth exploring. To learn more about Elon's genious solution to save all 33 engine's.
SPACE FORCE: The Secret Orbit - Arms Race in Space | SpaceTime - WELT Documentary
In December 2019, the United States established its new space force: the United States Space Force. A logical step in a globalized and digitized world whose infrastructure depends on satellites in space. This infrastructure is under threat. Also by a resurgence of conflict between East and West. This episode of Spacetime describes how the military conquered space and why the world is in a new arms race in Earth orbit.
MYTH PLANET NINE: The Hunt for a Phantom in our Solar System | SpaceTime - WELT Documentary
Science now knows a lot about the solar system. But our stellar neighborhood is still full of mysteries. For example, at the very edge of our solar system, there are some of these celestial bodies that describe strange orbits. Some astronomers suspect a mysterious object to explain the puzzling observations at the edge of our solar system: A ninth planet. "Spacetime" takes a look at the outermost solar system in search of the unknown planet.
The film tells about the little-known ancient Peruvian monuments, such as the Kasma lines, the Chanquillo temple-fortress, the geoglyphs of Lima, the archaeological complex of Piquillacta. They may not be as impressive, but their origin and purpose are no less a mystery, like the mysteries associated with the world-famous Nazca geoglyphs, the ruins of Machu Picchu, the Sacsayhuaman megaliths in Cusco.
Film by Igor Aleksejev
Rise of the Drones FULL SPECIAL | NOVA | PBS America
NOVA reveals the amazing technologies that make drones so powerful. From cameras that can capture every detail of an entire city, to swarming robots that can make decisions on their own, to giant air frames that can stay aloft for days on end, drones are changing our relationship to war, surveillance and each other.
5 MIND-BENDING & BIZARRE HUMANS | The Proof Is Out There
Check out these 5 bizarre humans, in this The Proof Is Out There compilation.
UFO Visits Roosevelt's Home | Ancient Aliens (Season 1)
In 1907 a mysterious UFO was spotted over Theodore Roosevelt’s home. See more in this clip from Season 1, "Aliens and the United States."
China's Incredible Dam & Bridge Construction Machines. Latest Bridge Construction Technology
China's Incredible Dam & Bridge Construction Machines. Latest Bridge Construction Technology
Scientists Were Shocked When They Found This In The Pyramid
Mysterious Void Discovered in Egypt's Great Pyramid The cavity is the first major inner structure discovered in the pyramid since the 1800s. Egypt’s Great Pyramid of Giza—one of the wonders of the ancient world, and a dazzling feat of architectural genius—contains a hidden void at least a hundred feet long, scientists announced.
The space’s dimensions resemble those of the pyramid’s Grand Gallery, the 153-foot-long, 26-foot-tall corridor that leads to the burial chamber of Khufu, the pharaoh for whom the pyramid was built.
Mars Latest Update-Mars Rover Captured New 4k Panorama of Mars Planet || Mars New Video ||
Mars Latest Update-Mars Rover Captured New 4k Panorama of Mars Planet || Mars New Video ||
Apollo 16 Astronauts Explore Huge Face On Moon, Video Proof! UFO Sighting News.
Apollo 16 Astronauts Explore Huge Face On Moon, Video Proof! UFO Sighting News.
I just found this today, and its mind-blowing. Listen to the astronauts words, "Yeah, but look at the shadow part Charlie," said John Young to Charlie Duke. John noticed the face, he saw the face and was trying to tell Charlie about it too, but was scared to say it over the radio for all to hear. The face is really big, and looks similar to some ape and reptile faces found on Mars surface. I know, its just coincidence, but no, I don't believe in coincidence. Its there, an ancient alien creation on the surface of the moon with two US astronauts walking, talking and touching it. I'm showing you, what NASA don't want you to notice. Eyes wide open.
UFOs Over Morehead, North Carolina On Dec 29, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
UFOs Over Morehead, North Carolina On Dec 29, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Dec 29, 2022 Location of sighting: Morehead City, North Carolina, USA
Watch this short video of several glowing object shooting across the sky. The objects are not many objects, but actually a single alien craft with glowing lights coming from the propulsion systems. Absolute indisputable proof of aliens over North Carolina.
Stunning UFO Footage Emerges from Kentucky: Is It the Best We’ve Seen Yet?
Stunning UFO Footage Emerges from Kentucky: Is It the Best We’ve Seen Yet?
On December 15, 2019, a stunning unidentified flying object (UFO) was photographed over Island Creek in Pikeville, Kentucky. While there is no available information about the UFO, some speculate that it may be brand new footage as it has not been widely circulated or posted online. Triangle-shaped UFOs are often considered particularly exciting and futuristic in their design. Predict
Some believe that the technology used in these crafts may have been reverse-engineered by humans from crashed UFOs. The U.S. Navy recently disclosed the existence of tumbling or Tic Tac UFOs to the Department of Defense and the public on behalf of the United States Government. While the investigation into UFOs and the search for extraterrestrial life is a controversial topic, some believe that these unidentified flying objects are real and may be part of secret government projects with code names like Project Aurora.
Some inventions, such as the laser, the integrated circuit, microchips, and stealth technology, are believed to be directly associated with the reverse-engineering of technology from recovered UFOs. Despite the lack of consensus about the existence and origins of UFOs, the search for answers about these mysterious phenomena continues.
This UFO sighting video was found on YouTube and it is up to the viewer to decide whether it is real or computer-generated imagery (CGI). The authenticity of UFO footage is often disputed, and it can be difficult to determine the veracity of such videos without further evidence or investigation. Ultimately, it is up to the individual to decide what they believe about the existence of UFOs and extraterrestrial life based on the available information and their own personal beliefs.
From UFOs to Lost Civilizations: The 150 Most Fascinating Stories of 2022
From UFOs to Lost Civilizations: The 150 Most Fascinating Stories of 2022
Another year is about to pass, but before we do it would be remiss if we didn’t take a look back at the news stories that fascinated us here at the Grail in 2022. We’ve posted links to over 3000 stories in our daily news briefs updates over the course of the year – but we’ve sorted through them all to bring you what we think are the 150 most interesting, odd and/or mind-blowing news items of 2022.
Note that these are pretty much restricted to Daily Grail news fare: cutting-edge science, new discoveries about history, general weirdness and Forteana, new ways of seeing the world around us etc. – you won’t be getting financial or political news stories unless they are in some way relevant to the categories we usually cover. We’ve gone with 15 different categories that seemed to best cover the types of fascinating stories that turned up regularly (with 10 items in each, making 150 stories all up): Space, Alien-hunting, UFOs/UAP, Science, Technology, Environment, Life on Earth, Animal Cognition, Ancient Sites, Pre-history, History, Weird/Forteana, Mind Mysteries and Parapsychology, Psychedelics, and Conspiracy.
Note that these are what we think are the most fascinating items – there might have been more important news, but we’ll leave it to other sites to cover them.
Also: it was a very tough job to cut the lists down to just 10 in each category – we had to leave out some absolutely bonkers stories from our first collection, sadly. As such, we’ll be posting our first, uncut draft to our Patreon in the next day or two, for those that would like to see what we left out (and judge us unmercilessly for what you might think are any incorrect decisions in what we cut vs left in)!
Thanks to all our readers for your support over 2022, and all the best to everyone for an excellent 2023! We’re an independent website, so if you like what we do, please consider helping us continue for the next year by signing up for a $US1/month (or more) ‘voluntary subscription’ via our Patreon (you get a free ebook for your trouble!) to help pay for our time and effort – or you can give a one-off donation easily at PayPal.me/DailyGrail.
Without further ado: the 150 most fascinating stories posted on the Grail in 2022:
Douglas Trumbull, the visual effects maestro behind sci-fi classics 2001: A Space Odyssey, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and Blade Runner, has passed away at age 79.
How animals perceive the world: every creature lives within its own sensory bubble, but only humans have the capacity to appreciate the experiences of other species. What we’ve learned is astounding.
Bronze Treasures Beyond Belief: The Fabulous Dowris Hoard of Ireland
Bronze Treasures Beyond Belief: The Fabulous Dowris Hoard of Ireland
Main: Castle ruins in Offaly, Ireland, close to where the Dowris Hoard was found. ( CC / Mike Searle ). Inset: Part of the Dowris Hoard. (Trustees of the British Museum/ CC BY NC SA 4.0 )
Over 200 pieces of a precious treasure were hidden underground in Dowris, County Offaly, in Ireland. When the artifacts were discovered by farm workers in the 1820s, no one could imagine the importance of their find.
Trying to date this hoard isn't an easy task. The remarkable treasure has been dated back to 900-600 BC (the Late Bronze Age), however, some researchers suggest that the treasure belongs to the Stone Age - which is also logical. In Ireland, the Stone Age took place until about 750 BC. In other parts of Europe, this period is called Hallstatt culture C, but that group never arrived to Ireland. The people who lived during Hallstatt culture C/ the Stone Age/ the Late Bronze Age left impressive artifacts such as unique and high quality gold jewelry, tools, weapons, trumpets, and other artifacts that are greatly valued.
Over 200 pieces of a precious treasure were hidden underground in Dowris, County Offaly, in Ireland. When the artifacts were discovered by farm workers in the 1820s, no one could imagine the importance of their find.
Trying to date this hoard isn't an easy task. The remarkable treasure has been dated back to 900-600 BC (the Late Bronze Age), however, some researchers suggest that the treasure belongs to the Stone Age - which is also logical. In Ireland, the Stone Age took place until about 750 BC. In other parts of Europe, this period is called Hallstatt culture C, but that group never arrived to Ireland. The people who lived during Hallstatt culture C/ the Stone Age/ the Late Bronze Age left impressive artifacts such as unique and high quality gold jewelry, tools, weapons, trumpets, and other artifacts that are greatly valued.
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Part of the Dowris Hoard. (Trustees of the British Museum/ CC BY NC SA 4.0 )
Finding the Mysterious Hoard
The historian T.D. Cooke reported the find in the Dublin Penny Journal of 1833. He wrote that about ten years earlier a man known as Ed Hennessy and another person accidentally dug up the bronze pieces in a potato patch. The site is located half way between the Whigsborough House and Dough Cowra. The hoard consisted of cauldrons, horns, axe heads, bronze spearheads, and some smaller artifacts. The Earl of Rosse and T. D. Cooke took all the objects. They did not inform any other specialists about the hoard’s existence for some time. Cooke finally reported the discovery to the Royal Irish Academy many years later. Most of the site’s archaeological evidence was lost forever because of his delay.
Copper alloy latchet found in the Dowris Hoard. Source: Trustees of the British Museum/ CC BY NC SA 4.0
A majority of the artifacts were made of bronze and their quality transformed the perception of Bronze Age people who lived in Ireland. A lack of resources makes analysis of artifacts from before St. Patrick’s arrival in Ireland (432 AD) very difficult. The famous saint’s arrival relates to the area’s Christianization, but also to the destruction of old documents created by people who didn't follow Christianity. Although the first traces of humans in Ireland comes from the 6th millennia BC, information about their lives is limited.
The lack of information from original resources, damaged archaeological sites, and an absence of cataloging discoveries brings more questions than answers about Ireland’s earliest history. Regarding the Dowris Hoard, it is known that pieces are located now at the British Museum and the National Museum of Ireland, however, this is not the complete collection that was discovered in the early 19th century.
The Meaning of Bronze in the Dowris Phase
The collection of bronze pieces from the Dowris Hoard has also influenced archaeological terminology. The Irish Late Bronze Age is known the Dowris Phase due to the magnificent discovery made in Dowris.
Part of the weapon collection of the Dowris Hoard. ( Trustees of the British Museum/ CC BY NC SA 4.0 )
According to Michael J. O'Kelly, and Claire O'Kelly: “The Dowris Hoard contained no less than twenty-four horns in varying degrees of preservation, the majority of them of Class I, some of them now in NMI and some others in the British Museum. The Dowris Hoard and another from Co. Clare provide the only two instances where Irish Horns were found in association with other metal objects, and for this reasons it is difficult to assign a range of dates of the instrument. (…) Bronze was also used to fashion ornaments such as rings, bracelets, pins, etc. There is great variety in the latter from the simple straight-shanked pin with a swelling on the head, often ornamented, to the plain disc-headed pin with sideloop on the stem. In the Dowris Phase the disc on the head of the pin has a central knob surrounded by fine concentric grooves, and in some examples the disc is attached so as to be parallel to the line of the pin. These are known as sunflower pins. Eoghan distinguishes another type of pin in the Dowris Phase, the cup headed pin, of which at least nine are known in Ireland. Instead of the disc, the top of the pin, at right-angles to the shank, has a slight depression or cup-like hollow, undecorated.”
A copper alloy musical horn from the Dowris Hoard. ( Trustees of the British Museum/ CC BY NC SA 4.0 )
These descriptions help one to understand the magnificence of the Dowris Hoard. The people who created the artifacts were sophisticated artists and their methods were well-developed.
An Ancient Offering and Modern Marvel
The Dowris Hoard is so large that researchers had to ask why someone decided to accumulate so many precious items in one place. Unfortunately, the hoard’s discoverers didn't think to record if they found it in one deposit or in a multiple of small deposits in the same area. This information would be priceless to understanding the hoard’s meaning.
Although the old lakes in Dowris are now drained, Eoghan Cole believes the hoard could have been a ritual offering related to water, lakes, or rivers. Cole also suggests that the hoard’s horns and crotals might represent a ceremonial practice that involved a bull. The artifacts representing the animal’s fertile features may be the key to unlocking the hoard’s mystery.
The Dowris Hoard is one of the most popular treasuries in Ireland today. It is a symbol of a lost culture and a mysterious group of people whose relics are still visible in many parts of the country. The Dowris Hoard is important to deciphering Irish origins, yet it is also a riddle that has yet to be completely solved.
A collection of items from the Dowris Hoard in the National Museum of Ireland. ( Rick Neal )
Top Image: Main: Castle ruins in Offaly, Ireland, close to where the Dowris Hoard was found. ( CC / Mike Searle ). Inset: Part of the Dowris Hoard. (Trustees of the British Museum/ CC BY NC SA 4.0 )
A low horizontal column lights (UFO) moving slowly across the sky over Morehead City North Carolina.
Video source MUFON, Case # 127633
THE GREYS ORDER: AGENDA EXPOSED - FULL MOVIE - V ORIGINAL
THE GREYS ORDER: AGENDA EXPOSED - FULL MOVIE - V ORIGINAL
Who are the Grey Aliens and what is their interest in our World? In this documentary we explore the possible motives behind three of the most prolific encounters in our history: The Roswell Incident, the Betty and Barney Hill Abduction and the Abduction of Travis Walton
NASA has an exciting 2023 planned - See what's on tap
Artemis 2 astronaut assignments, new spacesuits for the moon, OSIRIS-REx returns samples to Earth, Boeing Starliner's first crewed mission to space station and more is in store for 2023.
Credit: NASA
NASA Captures The Biggest Explosion In The Solar System
In October 2022, during the Orionids meteor shower, a fireball was captured on camera in North America. Other meteors left long streaks of glowing debris in the sky. A little earlier, in March 2022, an asteroid crashed into Earth's atmosphere, and was captured by one of the meteorological satellites. Fortunately, the asteroid, named 2022 EB5, was only 2 meters [6.5 feet] wide, so it didn’t result in a catastrophe.
But not all cosmic collisions are so safe. Some of them are powerful enough to damage planets or even lead to their destruction.
What explosion captured on camera is hundreds of times the power of our entire nuclear arsenal? Which cosmic explosion left a void the size of many galaxies around it? And what single meteorite triggered the creation of an Earth defense program?
Scientists Just Found An Exact Replica Of The Milky Way Galaxy In This Region Of Space
Scientists Warns Multiple Unidentified Alien Objects From Interstellar Space In Our Solar System
Shaped like an elongated cigar, by the time it was spotted it had already zipped by our own Sun, performed a slick hairpin turn, and begun hurtling off in another direction. Two things in particular fixated scientists. The first was its mysterious acceleration away from the Sun, which was hard to reconcile with many ideas about what it might have been made of. The second was its peculiar shape – by some estimates, it was 10 times as long as it was wide.
NASA considers using SpaceX Dragon to rescue crew of damaged Soyuz
NASA considers using SpaceX Dragon to rescue crew of damaged Soyuz It's been almost 20 years since we last lost astronauts in space. That is the biggest and proud effort of the space industry. However, once again we are in a dangerous situation.
Two weeks ago, Soyuz spacecraft docked to ISS sprang coolant leak. This is one of two vehicles used to get humans to and from the ISS and serves as a "lifeboat" in case personnel are required to evacuate the station rapidly. While the leak doesn't place the ISS or its crew in danger, it cuts the margin for error and can potentially interfere with future crew rotations. There must definitely have a solution. But a rescue Soyuz craft could only come in February at the earliest. As the last way, NASA is considering using SpaceX Dragon to rescue the crew of the damaged Soyuz. So, can SpaceX's trampoline save the Soyuz crew? How does Russia react to this plan? Find out all about this in today's episode of Alpha Tech:
NASA might use a SpaceX spacecraft to rescue three space station crew members depending on a leaky Soyuz to get home, a report suggests.
The Soyuz spacecraft on the International Space Station suffered a severe coolant leak on Dec. 15 and a decision about whether it is safe to send the crew back to Earth on it will come in January, Russia has said. If a rescue Soyuz craft is needed it could only come in February, two or three weeks before the normal changeover in March.
As the result, NASA is apparently considering using SpaceX, the only company currently flying astronauts into space from American soil, as a backup if these options don't work out.
"We have asked SpaceX a few questions on their capability to return additional crew members on Dragon if necessary, but that is not our prime focus at this time," NASA spokesperson Sandra Jones said in a statement to Reuters, published Wednesday (Dec. 28).
However, NASA did not clarify what options with SpaceX might be possible, such as whether the company could launch a backup Crew Dragon spacecraft to pick up the crew, or add more seats to the existing Dragon (called Endeavour) docked at the space station. NASA considers using SpaceX Dragon to rescue crew of damaged Soyuz
All Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy Launches (V1.7)
what’s new: Added Starlink 5-1 and EROS-C3, made OneWeb 1 footage shorter to fit the aforementioned 2 launches. Added 1 and 2 to the end of SES O3b mPOWER.
also good job SpaceX on 61 Falcon launches in 2022, rip B1051, B1066, and B1049. They were purposefully expended.
Every Stunning Image From the James Webb Space Telescope Captured So Far (4K)
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) represents a new era in modern astronomy and as its first year of observing the universe comes to an end, we take a look at all the stunning images it has captured. We got to see the full capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope with images of distant planets, the earleist Galaxies and even colossal galaxy mergers. We saw the remnants of ancient stars, but also the regions where new stars are born. In this video, we will look over the best images captured by JWST over the last year, which include the enormous galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, the beautiful views of the Pillars of Creation, and the chaotic clash in Stephan’s Quintet, along with the magnificent cliffs of the Carina Nebula and the stunning ‘Hourglass’ Protostar plus lots more. Sit back, relax, and enjoy the universe like never before.
Science on space station in 2022 - See the best pics!
The International Space Station science experiments in 2022 are highlighted in these images. "Hundreds of scientific investigations and technology demonstrations," were supported by the orbital outpost's crew during the year, according to NASA.
2022: Another Year of Mysteries and Speculations About Extraterrestrial Life
2022: Another Year of Mysteries and Speculations About Extraterrestrial Life
It has been an exciting year for those who are hoping to find out more about the possibility of alien life. In January, experts noted that 2022 could be the turning point in the search for truth about the UFOs. According to Mark Rodeghier, the scientific director of a UFO research center in Chicago, the advancements in software tools and technology that have been made in the study of these objects have attracted more qualified individuals.
More people are now qualified to study the subject of alien life after seeing the advancements in software tools that can help in the investigation of the matter.
In April, the US Department of Defense released more than 1,500 pages of documents related to the extraterrestrial nature of objects. These documents, which came from the AATIP, covered incidents from 2007 to 2012. Some of the cases included multiple medical reports and the injuries sustained by individuals after allegedly being hit by flying saucers.
Some of the injuries reportedly caused by the flying saucers included nerve damage, headaches, heart palpitations, and electromagnetic radiation. It’s not clear how the AATIP conducted its investigation procedures.
Two scientists presented a solution to the issue of the Fermi paradox in May. They noted that an intelligent society capable of space travel may eventually fail due to how their energy demands exceed their innovation.
The scientists suggested that advanced alien civilizations could try to limit their energy usage by going dark. This would prevent them from broadcasting signals to other extraterrestrial entities.
In June, a group of researchers presented a device that they claimed could be an artificial alien vessel that could support life on Mars. The object, which was found in a geological formation known as the Medusae Fossae, was described as a high-technology artifact that looked like it was made of a metallic alloy. However, some experts doubt the discovery, as it could actually be a natural feature.
The search for alien life continued to have setbacks in 2022. In July, a group that’s focused on finding signs of intelligent alien life announced that it didn’t detect any signals from these objects. The project, which was funded by philanthropist and billionaire Yury Milner, has been using various telescopes to look for electromagnetic signals coming from other star systems.
Israeli entrepreneur Yuri Milner, used the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia
After analyzing soil samples taken by the ExoMars rover in August, the ESA revealed that there were traces of microbial life on the planet. However, they weren’t able to find proof of complex life forms. The presence of nutrients and water on the surface of Mars made the microbes resilient.
Despite the setbacks encountered in the search for alien life, the question of whether or not humans are alone in the universe is still being pursued.
2022: Another Year of Mysteries and Speculations About Extraterrestrial Life
2022: Another Year of Mysteries and Speculations About Extraterrestrial Life
It has been an exciting year for those who are hoping to find out more about the possibility of alien life. In January, experts noted that 2022 could be the turning point in the search for truth about the UFOs. According to Mark Rodeghier, the scientific director of a UFO research center in Chicago, the advancements in software tools and technology that have been made in the study of these objects have attracted more qualified individuals.
More people are now qualified to study the subject of alien life after seeing the advancements in software tools that can help in the investigation of the matter.
In April, the US Department of Defense released more than 1,500 pages of documents related to the extraterrestrial nature of objects. These documents, which came from the AATIP, covered incidents from 2007 to 2012. Some of the cases included multiple medical reports and the injuries sustained by individuals after allegedly being hit by flying saucers.
Some of the injuries reportedly caused by the flying saucers included nerve damage, headaches, heart palpitations, and electromagnetic radiation. It’s not clear how the AATIP conducted its investigation procedures.
Two scientists presented a solution to the issue of the Fermi paradox in May. They noted that an intelligent society capable of space travel may eventually fail due to how their energy demands exceed their innovation.
The scientists suggested that advanced alien civilizations could try to limit their energy usage by going dark. This would prevent them from broadcasting signals to other extraterrestrial entities.
In June, a group of researchers presented a device that they claimed could be an artificial alien vessel that could support life on Mars. The object, which was found in a geological formation known as the Medusae Fossae, was described as a high-technology artifact that looked like it was made of a metallic alloy. However, some experts doubt the discovery, as it could actually be a natural feature.
The search for alien life continued to have setbacks in 2022. In July, a group that’s focused on finding signs of intelligent alien life announced that it didn’t detect any signals from these objects. The project, which was funded by philanthropist and billionaire Yury Milner, has been using various telescopes to look for electromagnetic signals coming from other star systems.
Israeli entrepreneur Yuri Milner, used the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia
After analyzing soil samples taken by the ExoMars rover in August, the ESA revealed that there were traces of microbial life on the planet. However, they weren’t able to find proof of complex life forms. The presence of nutrients and water on the surface of Mars made the microbes resilient.
Despite the setbacks encountered in the search for alien life, the question of whether or not humans are alone in the universe is still being pursued.
The Solar Wind is Creating Water on the Surface of the Moon
Water on the Moon has been a hot topic in the research world lately. Since its first unambiguous discovery back in 2008. Since then, findings of it have ramped up, with relatively high concentration levels being discovered, especially near the polar regions, particularly in areas constantly shrouded in shadow. Chang’e 5, China’s recent sample return mission, didn’t land in one of those permanently shadowed areas. Still, it did return soil samples that were at a much higher latitude than any that had been previously collected. Now, a new study shows that those soil samples contain water and that the Sun’s solar wind directly impacted that water.
The amount of water on the lunar surface varies widely both based on the time of the lunar day and the latitude it is located at. There is so much variability that the water content of the lunar soil can be 200 ppm higher or lower at different times of the day. With that much variability, it seems clear that the Sun plays a significant role in the hydrological cycle there is on the Moon.
Part of that role is controlling the type of hydrogen embedded into the lunar soil. Since the Moon has almost no atmosphere to speak of, the charged hydrogen particles that make up the solar wind can directly interact with the top regolith layer on the lunar surface. When they do so, they leave behind a distinct sign that they do – a large amount of hydrogen atoms with very little deuterium.
UT video on the importance of water at the lunar poles.
Deuterium is a heavier form of hydrogen with an extra neutron in its nucleus. It is relatively rare on the solar wind, given that the neutron gives the extra mass, making it less likely to be caught up in the forces that create the wind. As such, hydrogen and whatever water it eventually forms from the solar wind would be distinctly lacking in water molecules that integrate deuterium.
That is exactly what researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences found on some of the soil samples returned by Chang’e 5. They had a high (~1000-2500 ppm) concentration of hydrogen but a relatively low concentration of deuterium. Importantly, this result was the case for the first 100 nm of soil collected, showing that the solar wind effect appears on the topmost layer of the regolith, as expected.
Also, the overall water concentration in the Chang’e 5 sample was estimated to be around 46 ppm, right around what was found using remote sensing prior to the lander touching down. Location also mattered a lot to this study, as the researchers attempted to use the concentration findings and feed them into a model that tracks the outgassing that was evidenced by lunar water at other latitudes. At the higher latitudes of Chang’e 5, there wasn’t as much variability as was found at lower latitudes by missions such as Apollo and Luna.
The search for lunar water continues in this UT video.
More importantly, the model also suggests that even higher latitudes, reaching up toward the poles, would have an even greater abundance of hydrogen. That lends credence to the theory that the lunar poles are one of the most likely places to find large amounts of water on the lunar surface. And it also feeds into the interest that the polar regions have garnered as the potential site of the first lunar research base. While that is still a long way off, the results from this study are an important step toward understanding this all-important feature of lunar hydrology.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
