Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
08-03-2023
NASA SURPRISED WHEN SCHOOL CHILDREN DISCOVER THAT EPIPENS BECOME TOXIC IN SPACE
NASA SURPRISED WHEN SCHOOL CHILDREN DISCOVER THAT EPIPENS BECOME TOXIC IN SPACE
HAVING AN ALLERGIC REACTION IN SPACE COULD BE SERIOUSLY DANGEROUS.
IMAGE BY GETTY IMAGES/FUTURISM
A group of gifted elementary school students has discovered that EpiPens, life-saving devices that inject epinephrine in the case of a severe allergic reaction, can turn poisonous after being launched into space — more evidence of the harrowing effects space radiation can have on the health of astronauts.
The students helped researchers at the University of Ottawa in Canada investigate whether the devices could be safely used in space by astronauts.
But there's some bad news: just relatively small amounts of space radiation caused the epinephrine to break down, turning it into a health hazard instead of a lifesaver — something that was previously unknown to NASA, Live Science reports.
The students from St. Brother André Elementary School’s Program for Gifted Learners (PGL) had samples of epinephrine, both by themselves and inside of EpiPens, launched into space as part of NASA's Cubes in Space program.
The University of Ottawa's Faculty of Science then analyzed the returned samples and found that the epinephrine was only 87 percent pure due to cosmic radiation, according to a statement.
The remaining 13 percent turned into benzoic acid derivatives, which are extremely poisonous.
"As part of the Cubes in Space, two cubes were put together by the students, with one going on a rocket and the other on a high-altitude balloon," said University of Ottawa chemistry professor Paul Mayer in the statement. "The ‘after’ samples showed signs that the epinephrine reacted and decomposed."
“In fact, no epinephrine was found in the ‘after’ EpiPen solution samples," he added. "This result raises questions about the efficacy of an EpiPen for outer space applications and these questions are now starting to be addressed by the kids in the PGL program."
The experiment could have lasting effects on how we treat allergic reactions in space.
"This result raises questions about the efficacy of an EpiPen for outer space applications and these questions are now starting to be addressed by the kids in the [Program for Gifted Learners] program," Mayer said.
Fortunately, not all is lost. There may be a way to package EpiPen solutions in a way that doesn't expose them to cosmic radiation — an invention that could save an astronaut's life in the future.
UFO Recorded Entering Mexico Volcano Popocatepetl, 3-2-2023, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Recorded Entering Mexico Volcano Popocatepetl, 3-2-2023, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: March 2, 2023
Location of sighting: Popocatepetl, Mexico
Saw this craft and thought wow, thats something right there. Its huge, the mouth of the volcano is 600 meters across and this is at least 1/6th that at 100 meters wide! The tail of the object is evenly as it comes down, but then suddenly as it enters the volcano the tail becomes super thin! That means the craft suddenly slowed down! 100% proof that this is an intelligently controlled craft.
Na jaar aan boord van ruimtestation ISS komt magnetische veldsensor van studententeam van UHasselt terug thuis
Unieke kwantummagnetometer van UHasselt-studenten klaar voor ruimtevlucht naar ISS
Na jaar aan boord van ruimtestation ISS komt magnetische veldsensor van studententeam van UHasselt terug thuis
De magnetische veldsensor van de UHasselt is terug thuis. Het kleine kubusje dat aan boord van het ISS data heeft verzameld over het magnetisch veld van de aarde, is ontwikkeld door studententeam OSCAR-QUBE.
Radio 2, Lieven Roux
"De magnetische veldsensor is terug op aarde", zegt Boo Carmans, doctoraatsstudente in de Fysica en lid van studententeam OSCAR-QUBE. "Een aantal jaar geleden hebben we een magnetische veldsensor of magnetometer gebouwd", zegt Carmans. "In een jaar heeft ons studententeam dat ontwikkeld. De magnetometer is naar het Internationaal Ruimtestation (ISS) gestuurd, waar het een jaar rond de aarde heeft gevlogen. Vanaf daar hebben we continu data verzameld over het magneetveld van onze planeet. Nu komt hij terug in ons lab te staan, waar we hem verder kunnen onderzoeken."
rechts: Boo Carmans
OSCAR-QUBE is een interdisciplinair team van studenten van de UHasselt. Een aantal jaar geleden deden ze mee aan een wedstrijd van het Europees Ruimteagentschap (ESA). "Dat was een wedstrijd voor studententeams van over heel de Europese Unie", vertelt Carmans. "De winnaar mocht zijn experimenten naar het ISS sturen en wij hebben toen gewonnen."
"Kennis over het magnetisch veld van de aarde is belangrijk omdat we het bijvoorbeeld kunnen gebruiken om vliegtuigen te navigeren of voor nog andere toepassingen zoals een MRI-scanner", legt Carmans uit.
Het studententeam heeft hun succesvolle project vandaag mogen presenteren in de universiteitshal van de UHasselt.
Opnieuw naar de ruimte
"ESA heeft ons de mogelijkheid gegeven om samen met een team van hen een vernieuwde versie te maken van de magnetometer", zegt Remy Vandebosch van OSCAR-QUBE. "De magnetometer is een kubus van 3 keer 10 centimeter. De nieuwe magnetometer zou nog kleiner kunnen worden." De Young Graduate Trainees van ESA (YPSAT) vroegen het team om een nieuwe magnetometer te laten meevliegen aan boord van de Ariane 6 raket. Deze raket zal voor het eerst gelanceerd worden in 2024. Tegen het einde van de maand mei moet het studententeam zijn nieuwe magnetometer aan ESA bezorgen.
OSCAR-QUBE. On the right: the flight model that has been launched to ISS. On the left (exposed): the ground model that resides in the lab for reference.
De OSCAR-QUBE, de diamantgebaseerde kwantummagnetometer van het studententeam van de UHasselt heeft op de campus van Diepenbeek een centrale plek gekregen nadat hij een jaar lang aan boord van ruimtestation ISS was verbleven. De magnetometer werd daar gebruikt om het magnetische veld rond de aarde in beeld te brengen.
Op 29 augustus 2021 bevond de kwantummagnetometer zich aan boord van de SpaceX CRS 23-raket toen die koers zette naar het ruimtestation ISS. Tijdens zijn verblijf in de ruimte zond de magnetometer vanuit de ruimte 231 gigabyte aan data van de metingen van het magnetische veld rond de aarde door naar de UHasselt-campus in Diepenbeek. Op 20 augustus 2022 keerde de magnetometer aan boord van de SpaceX CRS 25-capsule terug naar de aarde.
"Doel van het experiment was om te onderzoeken of onze technologie, waarbij we een synthetische diamant omvormen tot een ultragevoelige sensor met kwantumeigenschappen, stand kon houden in de ruimte", zo legt teamleider Jaroslav Hruby uit. "Daar zijn we mooi in geslaagd. En dat voor een sensor van slechts een paar millimeter groot."
De studenten van OSCAR-QUBE willen nu ook hun mede-studenten inspireren om groots te dromen. Daarom kreeg de magnetometer woensdag een centrale plek op de campus van Universiteit Hasselt in Diepenbeek. "En de magnetometer zal metingen van het magnetische veld blijven uitvoeren", zegt Sebastiaan Vanspauwen, lid van OSCAR-QUBE. "Op een monitor kan je het magnetische veld blijven aflezen."
Bovendien gaat er op vraag van de Young Graduate Trainees van ESA (YPSAT) in 2024 een nieuwe OSCAR-QUBE opnieuw de ruimte in met een Ariane 6-raket. "We zijn nu volop aan het werk om een nieuwe sensor, de OSCAR-QUBE+ genaamd, te ontwikkelen", zegt Yarne Beerden, lid van OSCAR-QUBE. Eind mei moet de nieuwe magnetometer aan de ESA bezorgd worden.
Randall Nickerson says government & military agencies know for a fact that there is another species in the universe and withholding this information has changed our evolutionary path
Randall Nickerson says government & military agencies know for a fact that there is another species in the universe and withholding this information has changed our evolutionary path
For years, people have speculated about the existence of intelligent life beyond Earth. While some may dismiss this as a conspiracy theory, filmmaker and researcher Randall Nickerson believes that the government and military agencies have concrete evidence that extraterrestrial life exists. According to Nickerson, keeping this information from the public has changed the course of human evolution.
Nickerson’s claims are based on various incidents and testimonies, including the famous Ruwa Zimbabwe Alien encounter, where a group of schoolchildren reportedly witnessed a UFO and its occupants. The incident was investigated by BBC journalist Tim Leech and Harvard Psychiatrist John Mack, both of whom concluded that the children’s stories were credible.
Nickerson argues that there is a pattern of government cover-ups and secrecy surrounding the topic of extraterrestrial life. He suggests that the government is hiding the truth about an alien species and their technology, including telepathic communication and private aerospace technology.
Nickerson also highlights the physical evidence of abduction and encounters with “grabby” aliens. He notes that these incidents are not isolated, and there are synchronicities and spirituality that connect them.
In addition to the government’s control over the media narrative on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP), Nickerson touches on the secretive nature of Area 51, S4, and Skunk Works (Lockheed Martin’s Advanced Development Programs). He believes that these facilities are conducting research on extraterrestrial life and advanced technology, and the government is not ready to disclose this information to the public.
The video raises the question of whether Earth is ready for public disclosure about extraterrestrial life. Nickerson believes that this information could cause a global paradigm shift, and the government is not prepared to deal with the implications.
Randall Nickerson’s claims about the government’s knowledge of extraterrestrial life and their impact on human evolution are certainly intriguing. While skeptics may dismiss them as unfounded, it is worth considering the evidence presented in the video and questioning what the government may be hiding from the public. Regardless of whether extraterrestrial life exists or not, the search for answers and the pursuit of knowledge will continue to captivate people’s imaginations for years to come.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
EXCLUSIVE: The truth is out there! Skinny cylindrical UFO flying near Baghdad is seen in six new thermal images taken by US spy drone last year
EXCLUSIVE: The truth is out there! Skinny cylindrical UFO flying near Baghdad is seen in six new thermal images taken by US spy drone last year
Images of a UFO were taken from a video filmed by a thermal camera in a United States Air Force Reaper drone in May 2022
The six images appear to show a skinny cylindrical-shaped object over North Eastern Iraq, close to Baghdad, moving across the screen from left to right
Spy plane images obtained by DailyMail.com show aUFO flying near Baghdad last year.
The six images appear to show a skinny cylindrical-shaped object over North Eastern Iraq, close to Baghdad, moving across the screen from left to right.
The images were taken from a video filmed by a thermal camera in a United States Air Force (USAF) Reaper drone in May 2022 – and have been dubbed the 'Baghdad Phantom'.
Fast-moving craft are powered by propulsion systems like rockets or engines that create heat, but the thermal camera that filmed the object showed it was colder than its surroundings.
Six images appear to show a skinny cylindrical-shaped object over North Eastern Iraq, close to Baghdad, moving across the screen from left to right
The cylindrical object can be seen to the left of the screen
The images were leaked to journalist and documentary filmmaker Jeremy Corbell (left) and investigative journalist George Knapp (right), and released shortly after midnight on Weaponized, their new podcast
The object also didn't have any visible wings or fins, likely ruling it out as a glider.
A USAF source said the UFO had no visible propulsion and appeared to be under 'intelligent control'.
The images were leaked to journalist and documentary filmmaker Jeremy Corbell and investigative journalist George Knapp, and released shortly after midnight on Weaponized, their new podcast.
'What George and I have uncovered is Reaper drone footage over an active war zone,' Corbell told DailyMail.com.
'It shows an anomalous object which has been designated as UAP by our own air force.
'Like our government, we as journalists are curious about what can be seen in these images. The object appears to have no flight control surfaces, no traditional reactionary propulsion and is cooler than its surrounding environment.
'This isn't your grandma's rocket that we're looking at.'
The six intriguing images show the elongated object at the bottom of the screen moving from left to right. It appeared darker than its background on the thermal camera, indicating it was colder than its surroundings.
The images appear to show some kind of trail or stream left in the 'Baghdad Phantom's wake, though it could be an artifact from the video from which they were taken.
Military coordinates on the bottom right of the images give the location of the Reaper Drone video as North Eastern Iraq, near Baghdad.
DailyMail.com understands the UFO was not shot at by the USAF, because it had no payload – for example a potential bomb – and did not get close to ground troops.
The object was designated as 'Unidentified Aerial Phenomena', an official term which has since been replaced with 'Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena' (UAP).
Military coordinates on the bottom right of the images give the location of the Reaper Drone video as North Eastern Iraq, near Baghdad. The cylindrical object is seen right
The cylindrical object is seen above, to the left of the center
The images appear to show some kind of trail or stream left in the object’s wake, though it could be an artifact from the thermal camera video from which they were taken
The images were taken in May 2022
It is still unclear whether the object was innocuous, a foreign military's craft, or something other-worldly.
Corbell told DailyMail.com that the images were leaked by frustrated USAF members who claim that significant numbers of UFO incidents are being 'buried' by the Air Force.
DailyMail.com understands that many of these incidents, including the May 2022 UFO video, were not shared with intelligence agencies or the government's UFO Office, the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO).
Normally data from an incident like this near Baghdad would be sent to United States Central Command (CENTCOM), which oversees operations against ISIS in Iraq. But it is unclear whether the Command received the video or any other information on the incident.
US legislation requires that AARO collects information on UAP incidents from the Department of Defense and the intelligence community.
But Christopher Mellon, the former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, recently called out the Air Force for allegedly failing to embrace reporting of strange objects.
'The Navy was notably helpful while the Air Force remained notably unhelpful, if not hostile, to inquiries on the subject,' he wrote in a February 14 blog post.
'The preliminary assessment provided to Congress [about UFOs in 2021] was almost completely devoid of information from the U.S. Air Force despite the fact that the Air Force (as a department which also oversees U.S. Space Force) has far more aircraft and sensor systems than the Navy as well as the responsibility for supporting NORAD.'
Corbell warned the alleged failure to share information is putting servicemen and women at risk.
'This case represents other UAPs filmed by our Air Force, which have been kept hidden from American taxpayers and our intelligence community,' he told DailyMail.com.
'The brave men and women who serve in our nation's Air Force are directly at risk if we cannot identify, process and share this type of UAP imagery in an effective and actionable way.
'Air Force personnel have told me that they are highly concerned that this phenomenon maintains a regretful stigma that inhibits proper reporting and response within the chain of command. The air force is an exemplary branch of our armed services. We should encourage greater UAP transparency, for the good of the country and our participating services.
'As journalists, George and I feel a duty to inform the public in situations like this, where our representatives have failed to provide transparency and have in fact obstructed it.'
Following the shooting of one Chinese balloon and three unidentified objects over North American airspace last month, the topic of UFOs threatening American interests and air traffic has become a hot topic within Congress.
After the 'shoot downs', vice chair of the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Marco Rubio, said: 'The last 72 hours revealed to the public what was happening for years, unidentified aircraft routinely operating over restricted US airspace.'
An image obtained exclusively by DailyMail.com of what appears to be a metallic-looking orb flying over Mosul, Iraq in April 2016, was included in a classified briefing video on UFOs shown to multiple US government agencies
An image obtained exclusively by DailyMail.com from Corbell and Knapp in January of what appears to be a metallic-looking orb flying over Mosul, Iraq in April 2016, was included in a classified briefing video on UFOs shown to multiple US government agencies.
In January, AARO director Sean Kirkpatrick gave a presentation at an aviation safety conference warning of 'threats to the immediate safety of US citizens and Government facilities' posed by UAP.
His presentation slides, reported in a DailyMail.com story last month, said that the military is finding unidentified anomalous phenomena 'most often in the vicinity of US military facilities and operating areas' – which would include conflict zones like Iraq.
The Air Force began a 'six-month pilot program' in November 2020 to collect data on UFOs, according to a Pentagon spokeswoman, but ended it the following Spring.
'Lessons learned from the pilot were used to improve support provided to the UAPTF and will be used to contribute to the efforts of AARO. If applicable, data gathered in the pilot was provided through command channels to the UAPTF,' Pentagon spokeswoman Susan Gough said in a statement.
In August 2021, Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall told Politico: 'I've given a great deal of thought to defending American airspace but not against UFOs. If asked to do that then we will do it. This is a thing that's been around for a great many years.'
The leaked May 2022 images follow the release of the 'Mosul Orb' image, also obtained by Corbell and Knapp, showing a sphere-shaped UFO filmed by a US spy plane over the Northern Iraqi city of Mosul in 2016.
The Pentagon has yet to confirm the authenticity of the Mosul image.
Gough said: 'I'm not going to comment on whether something is or is not part of a classified briefing.'
Corbell called on the public to help analyze and identify the new images he and Knapp obtained.
'It is my hope that by obtaining and releasing imagery like this, the public can help solve this collective mystery and inspire greater transparency by our Department of Defense,' he said. 'This is a solvable problem- so let's do it together.
'The Pentagon's over-classification is corrosive like an acid and has been weaponized against the American public's right and need to know about UFOs.
'It's time that they earn the people's trust back.'
Newly Leaked Thermal Images Show Skinny Cylindrical UFO Flying Near Baghdad
Newly Leaked Thermal Images Show Skinny Cylindrical UFO Flying Near Baghdad
Unidentified flying objects (UFOs) have been a subject of interest for decades, and the topic has recently been receiving renewed attention. A recent report by the DailyMail.com has revealed the existence of new thermal images of a UFO flying near Baghdad, taken by a United States Air Force Reaper drone in May 2022. The images show a skinny cylindrical-shaped object, moving from left to right, without any visible wings or fins. The object was flagged as an ‘Unidentified Aerial Phenomena’ by the Air Force, due to its unusual characteristics.
According to a source with knowledge of the incident, the object appeared to be under ‘intelligent control’ and had no visible propulsion system. The images were leaked by frustrated members of the USAF, who claim that numerous UFO incidents are being ‘buried’ by the Air Force.
Jeremy Corbell, a journalist and documentary filmmaker, obtained the leaked images and released them on his podcast, Weaponized. He highlighted the significance of the images, saying that they showed an anomalous object, which was designated as a UAP by the Air Force. Corbell emphasized that the object did not have any traditional reactionary propulsion, no flight control surfaces, and was cooler than its surrounding environment.
Watch BAGHDAD PHANTOM UAP – Weaponized show in the video bellow!
The leaked images appear to depict a trail or stream left in the object’s wake, although it is unclear whether this is an artifact from the video. The military coordinates on the bottom right of the images place the location of the Reaper Drone video as North Eastern Iraq, near Baghdad.
It looks that the UFO was not shot at by the USAF because it had no payload, and did not pose any immediate threat to ground troops. The object’s origin and purpose remain unknown, and it is still unclear whether it was innocuous, a foreign military’s craft, or something other-worldly.
I have created an animation gif from all five BAGHDAD PHANTOM UAP images
The existence of these images has raised concerns regarding the US Air Force’s failure to embrace the idea of reporting suspected alien objects. According to Christopher Mellon, a former official of the Defense Intelligence Agency, the service did not provide enough information when it presented a report to Congress in 2021.
Corbell expressed his concerns about the alleged failure to share information, saying that it is putting servicemen and women at risk. He argued that UAP imagery should be processed and shared in an effective and actionable way, to ensure the safety of Air Force personnel.
The new thermal images of a UFO flying near Baghdad provide further evidence of the existence of UAPs. The images raise questions about the Air Force’s alleged failure to embrace reporting of strange objects, and the potential risks this poses to Air Force personnel. It remains to be seen whether the UAP was an innocuous object, a foreign military’s craft, or something other-worldly. However, the images are a reminder of the need for greater transparency and effective reporting of UAP incidents.
Mars is a long way from Earth, making it challenging to communicate with. That difficult communication is becoming ever more important as we launch more and more craft to the Red Planet. It will become absolutely critical when we send actual people there. So what can be done to increase the speed of communications between our solar system’s blue and red planets? A paper from researchers primarily based in Spain looks at different networking topologies that could help solve some of the communication problems.
Typically, communication wMars is done through a system known as the Deep Space Network (DSN). Essentially, it is a set of giant ground-based communication satellites spread worldwide. Their primary purpose is to communicate directly with every probe launched beyond Earth’s orbit, including those surrounding Mars. Some systems on the ground on Mars also use satellites in orbit around the planet, such as the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), which then broadcasts those signals to the DSN.
There are several problems with this configuration, including the single point of failure, and size of the equipment needed to send signals back, and the fact that the Sun interrupts communications for a significant chunk of the time. If one of the DSN satellites goes down, or, worse yet, MRO stops operating, communications to most of the scientific equipment on the Red planet could get much dicier. Network engineers on Earth build in redundancy paths specifically to avoid this single point of failure problem.
Here’s UT’s vision of a realistic crewed Mars mission.
Some signals do lose their strength, even without the presence of an atmosphere in space, so to effectively send high-speed information over long distances, the antennas on these craft have to be massive. Sometimes they exceed the size of the fairing they are launched in, though there are techniques to unpack an antenna in space itself. But an even more significant communication challenge is the Sun.
It might not seem like it, but about 30% of the time, Earth cannot communicate with Mars directly. This is mainly because they are on opposite sides of the Sun from one another – or nearly so, anyway. The radiation blasts off of our local star scrambles most, if not all, communications, making talking to missions like Spirit and Perseverance near impossible when the planets are thus aligned.
To get around these problems, Paula Betriu and her colleagues at JPL and the Universitat Politècnica de Cataluny designed a software they called SolarCom to analyze the availability, uptime, and speed of different types of network topologies. Two stood out for their significant increase in speed and reliability – a Lagrange point configuration and what they call a “pearl constellation.”
Scott Manley video describing the DSN. Credit – Scott Manley YouTube Channel
Placing relay satellites at various Lagrange points, primarily the ones between the Sun and the Earth, would seem like a pretty obvious solution. It would significantly reduce interference when the planets are opposite each other in the solar system. It could potentially increase that availability to more than 90% – a great increase in capabilities for Mars exploration, but still not as good as a pearl constellation.
That configuration, which mimics a large spherical cloud of satellites in different but complementary orbits, could reach network connection rates of up to 100%. However, it could be significantly more expensive as it would require more satellites overall. With launch costs coming down, that might not be as big of a problem in the near future though.
There are still issues facing increasing the bandwidth to Mars, though, including the networking hardware currently in place on most relay satellites. The Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS), which is one of NASA’s primary means of relaying information over large distances around the Earth, was initially launched in the 1990s, and even its latest third-generation satellite is already five years old, which is almost a lifetime by networking equipment standards.
JPL Gave a talk on the DSN and how it works. Credit – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory YouTube Channel
All that means is there’s much more work to do before humanity can download crisp real-time videos from Mars. But as a potential crewed mission starts to draw closer, it’s sure to draw more attention to our ability to communicate with, and software packages like SolarCom will help determine the best way to do so.
Black holes and neutron stars are among the odder denizens of the cosmic zoo. They’re both dense collections of matter and, except for supermassive black holes, are the end states of massive stars. Fundamentally, they’re two different types of objects that are detectable via the activity in the accretion disks that form around them. Astronomers recently observed an object that acted like a black hole but turned out to be a neutron star. The clues lay in the accretion disk surrounding it.
Where do accretion disks come from? And, why do they brighten up with flares and outbursts? In the case of binary systems, that material comes from companion stars that feed them as much (or more) than they can eat. The accretion disks respond in various ways, often forming hotspots and blasting out jets of radiation. Yet, in many respects, understanding some of the disk activities had to wait for extensive, multi-wavelength studies of their outbursts.
Monitoring Odd Behavior in an Accretion Disk
When astronomers first saw a weirdly bright object called J1858.6-0814, they first assumed it was a black hole with a companion star. It gave off a series of flares that extended across the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to x-rays. After a lot of observations and head-scratching, the team members realized that this thing is a neutron star with a solid surface. There’s an accretion disk around it created by a companion star. The bright flares come from instability in that accretion disk and high-speed ejections of material away from the objects.
According to IAC researcher Federico Vincentelli, the lead scientist studying this object, the instabilities affect the behavior of the accretion disk around the neutron star. “Matter from the disk is launched within an outflow or a jet,” he said. “Some may still fall onto the black hole or neutron star. However, the exact fraction of matter which goes either way is still unknown. This dramatic process remains poorly understood and, until now, has only been observed in detail in a system in which the compact object is a black hole.”
Understanding X-ray Binary J1858.6-0814
X-ray binaries are basically pairs of objects—usually a black hole or a neutron star, plus a companion star—that are bright in x-rays. J1858.6-0814 is in a special class called a low-mass x-ray binary. Stars in such pairs have masses below around 1.5 solar masses. The neutron star has a mass somewhere between 10 and 25 solar masses. There’s a great deal of interactivity between the members as the star shares its material with its companion. When that happens at a neutron star, the material doesn’t fall straight onto the surface. It spirals around into the accretion disk. As it does, it undergoes friction heating, loses its potential energy, and eventually contributes to those instabilities Vincentelli describes.
After its 2018 discovery, astronomers noticed that J1858.6-0814 showed a great deal of flaring activity across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. It quieted down in 2020, but not before giving off Type-1 X-ray bursts and exhibiting what’s called an x-ray eclipse. Essentially, the system undergoes eclipses as one member of the binary pair eclipses the other. For this system, that implies an almost edge-on viewing angle from our vantage point on Earth. Astronomers also determined that this pair is in an approximately 21.3-hour orbit.
At first, astronomers weren’t sure about the origin of this binary pair’s “cosmic fireworks”. They were so bright that everybody assumed that the compact object must be a black hole since that would be powerful enough to spark such intensely bright flares. However, in 2020, observers discovered thermonuclear explosions that could only have happened if the material were falling onto the surface of a neutron star. That finding spurred the call for new observations.
So, What’s Happening on this Neutron Star?
Although astronomers observed J1858.6-0814 extensively over the years since its discovery, Vincentelli and a team of astronomers put together a new observing campaign aimed at tracking the specifics of the outbursts. They used the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on Hubble Space Telescope, a fast readout wide-field camera called RISE on the Liverpool Telescope on La Palma, Spain, a near-infrared instrument called HAWK on the Very Large Telescope in Chile, and radio observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in New Mexico. From those observations, they compared the outbursts with another, similar-type object called GRS 1915+105. It’s actually a black hole in a binary pair that astronomers use for comparison studies. What they found is exotic behavior in the accretion disk very much like the one around the neutron star in J1858.6-0814.
A comparison of disk instabilities around a black hole and a neutron star.
The Black Hole and Neutron Star Experience Similar Disk Activities
In essence, these systems are telling astronomers that almost-identical processes are happening at both. “We realized that we could explain the complex phenomenology of both objects with three ingredients: an unstable accretion disk, which produces extremely variable x-ray emission as the inner parts of the disk cyclically empty and fill; repeated ejections of matter (produced after the emptying of the disk), which can be seen in radio waves and infrared; and bright echoes of these internal variations in the outermost areas of the disk, which can be observed from infrared to ultraviolet”, said Vincentelli.
It turns out that instabilities in accretion disks happen as material exits the inner part of the disk. Then, new material flows in at high speed. It may well be a very fundamental process in the weird physics that happen near neutron stars and black holes. That finding now provides astronomers with new facets to the accretion disks around neutron stars and black holes, and how their instabilities happen. “We now plan to extend this type of study to other very luminous systems to shed light on black holes and neutron stars when they incorporate matter at extreme speeds,” said Vincentelli.
A Tadpole-Shaped Cloud of Gas is Whirling Around a Black Hole
In the 1930s, astrophysicists theorized that at the end of their life cycle, particularly massive stars would collapse, leaving behind remnants of infinite mass and density. As a proposed resolution to Einstein’s field equations (for his Theory of General Relativity), these objects came to be known as “black holes” because nothing (even light) could escape them. By the 1960s, astronomers began to infer the existence of these objects based on the observable effects they have on neighboring objects and their surrounding environment.
(Photo : Pixabay/eli007)
'Tadpole' Molecular Cloud Near Milky Way's Center Seems To Be Orbiting a Black Hole Hidden in the Galaxy
Despite improvements in instruments and interferometry (which led to the first images of M87 and Sagittarius A*), the study of black holes still relies on indirect methods. In a recent study, a team of Japanese researchers identified an unusual cloud of gas that appears to have been elongated by a massive, compact object that it orbits. Since there are no massive stars in its vicinity, they theorize that the cloud (nicknamed the “Tadpole” because of its shape) orbits a black hole roughly 27,000 light-years away in the constellation Sagittarius.
Annotatedmap of the Milky Way Galaxy with the constellations that cross the galactic plane in each direction and the known most prominent components.
Credit: Pablo Carlos Budassi
The team used data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope at the East Asian Observatory and the NAOJ’s Nobeyama 45-meter Radio Telescope to observe the Tadpole molecular gas cloud. They noted that the cloud is unique due to its characteristic head-tail structure, position, and velocity. Based on its kinematics and changes in line intensity along its orbit, the team determined that the best fit was a black hole. They were also able to constrain its mass, which they estimated to be 1 million times the mass of our Sun.
This would make it an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH), placing it between a stellar mass and a supermassive black hole (SMBH). The presence of a black hole roughly one-fourth as massive as Sgr A* and located in the Galactic Bulge not far from where Sgr A* resides (25,640 light-years away) raises many interesting questions. In the near future, the team plans to use the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to search for more evidence of a black hole at the gravitational center of the Tadpole’s orbit.
These examinations could lead to some major discoveries. For example, could this IMBH be destined to merge with Sgr A* someday? Such an event would cause the black hole at the center of the Milky Way to become up to 20% more massive. It would also trigger a huge release of gravitational waves (GWs) that observatories would NOT fail to notice!
Rectangle craft passing over eyewitness, Colorado March 6, 2023, UFO Sighting News.
Rectangle craft passing over eyewitness, Colorado March 6, 2023, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: March 6, 2023
Location of sighting: Colorado, USA
The eyewitness was in the car when they noticed a metal object flying over them. The object was like a rectangle hangin long ways, but made no sounds. He watched as it moved away into the distance and fortunately for us, he captured it all on video. Denver, Colorado is famous for its UFO sightings and since this was in that area, I would say the probibility of this being a real UFO is at 100%.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
Rectangular object was observed moving in a southwesterly direction. The object was rotating slowly and gliding through the sky. It did not change shape.
Really fast UFO filmed over Southern California – March 2023
Really fast UFO filmed over Southern California – March 2023
Fast UFO sighting over Southern California
A mysterious and fast-moving object was spotted in the skies above Southern California earlier this month. The footage of the sighting was shared in ourLatest UFO Sightings Facebook group, leaving many people puzzled and intrigued. The witness who captured the footage expressed disbelief at the object’s speed and wondered if it could have been a drone. However, the distance it covered in just a few seconds seemed too great for drone technology. The incident adds to the growing number of unexplained aerial phenomena observed around the world, leaving many to wonder what secrets the skies hold.
Latest UFO Sighting in Ohio: Oval-Shaped Object Merges with Massive Ball of Light
Latest UFO Sighting in Ohio: Oval-Shaped Object Merges with Massive Ball of Light
Latest UFO sighting from Ohio
In a stunning development, a group of witnesses in Ohio have reported seeing a UFO that changed shapes and flew at lightning speeds before ultimately merging with a massive ball of light. The sighting occurred on March 3, 2023, and has left many people in the area stunned and fascinated.
According to witness reports, the object was initially oval-shaped and was spinning and changing shape rapidly. It then proceeded to fly towards a large ball of light that was so bright it appeared to be daytime outside. The ball of light was also round and appeared to be emitting a tremendous amount of energy.
As the oval-shaped object approached the ball of light, witnesses reported seeing a massive metallic object hovering above the houses. It was so large that it was difficult to define its exact shape, but witnesses described it as oval-shaped as well. There was a beam of light that shot through the huge ball of white light on the bottom of the large craft just hovering above the houses.
In an incredible turn of events, witnesses reported seeing two more objects like the first one fly onto the large UFO and disappear. The witnesses were able to capture video and pictures of the sighting, which are sure to be of great interest to UFO enthusiasts and researchers.
The witnesses described the entire experience as surreal and said they had never seen anything like it before. They also noted that there was no sound associated with the UFO, which seemed to defy the laws of physics as it changed shape and direction at lightning speeds.
While skeptics may try to explain away the sighting as a natural phenomenon or a man-made object, the witnesses are adamant that what they saw was not of this world. Their account of the latest UFO sighting in Ohio is sure to generate significant interest and may even lead to more sightings in the future.
In conclusion, the latest UFO sighting in Ohio is a fascinating and mysterious event that has left witnesses and researchers alike eager to learn more. The eyewitness reports, video, and pictures of the incident are sure to generate significant interest among those interested in UFO sightings and paranormal phenomena. Stay tuned for updates on this incredible event.
GLOBAL WARMING IS WORSE THAN WE THOUGHT, AI TELLS SCIENTISTS
GLOBAL WARMING IS WORSE THAN WE THOUGHT, AI TELLS SCIENTISTS
WELL, THAT'S NOT GOOD.
GETTY IMAGES/FUTURISM
AI Assessment
Scientists enlisted the help of an AI to estimate how long it would take until global warming gets really bad. The AI's assessment? We might be screwed.
The resulting study, published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggests that global temperatures could reach the threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius in just a decade. Exceed that, and scientists warn of increased drought, widescale die-offs of wildlife species and ecosystems, and famines, to name just a few drastic ramifications.
The legally bindingParis Agreementaims to not exceed this threshold by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and so far, we're already sitting at 1.1 to 1.2 degrees of warming.
The Paris Agreement maintains that, in the worst case scenario, the nations of the world ought to keep warming well below 2 degrees Celsius. But the AI found we have a "substantial probability" of crossing even that threshold, at which scientists believe the effects of climate change will be irreversible and far more catastrophic, by 2050.
Moved-Up Timeline
To produce these portentous predictions, the scientists trained a machine learning system on climate model outputs. During its training and testing, it was able to independently and accurately predict the timing of global warming temperatures in the past while only using maps of historical annual temperatures, according to the scientists.
Even in the best-case scenario, the scientists found, the 1.5 degree threshold would be reached between 2033 to 2035, which isn't a lot of time.
As CNN notes, this projected timeline is largely in line with the predictions of other significant reports. But the AI study has a far grimmer idea of when the 2 degree threshold will be reached, estimating close to an 80 percent chance that the world will hit that mark by 2065 — and that's assuming we maintain net zero carbon emissions. Noah Diffenbaugh, co-author of the study and a climate scientist at Stanford University, told CNN that there's a 50 percent chance that 2 degrees will be reached even sooner — by 2050, if emissions stay high.
"[There is] is clear evidence that a half degree of global warming poses substantial risks for people and ecosystems," he added. "Hence, the greater the global warming, the greater the challenges for adaptation."
Animals, especially those on land, can't grow indefinitely. The reason has to do with the square-cube law.
An illustration of Argentinosaurus, possibly the most massive dinosaur that ever existed. (Image credit: Warpaintcobra via Getty Images)
The largest animal ever to walk on Earth was likely the dinosaur Argentinosaurus, a hulking 77-ton (70 metric tons) titanosaur that lived about 90 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous. For comparison, the heaviest animal on land today is the African elephant(Loxodonta), which weighs less than 7 tons (6 metric tons). And both look positively dainty next to the blue whale(Balaenoptera musculus), which, at an average of 165 tons (150 metric tons), may be the heaviest animal ever to have lived.
But could any animal ever top that? Is there a limit to how large an animal can get?
"We look at blue whales, and the question is whether we could get anything bigger," Geerat Vermeij(opens in new tab), a professor of geobiology and paleobiology at the University of California, Davis, told Live Science. "I'm not sure I'd be willing to say no to that question. Size depends on many factors, and I take a relativistic point of view."
At least in theory, though, there may be a hard limit — enforced by the laws of physics — of about 120 tons (109 metric tons) for land animals, according to Felisa Smith(opens in new tab), a professor of paleoecology at the University of New Mexico. "To be bigger than that, on land, your legs would have to be so wide to support your body that you couldn't efficiently walk," she told Live Science in an email.
Smith is referring to the square-cube law(opens in new tab), a mathematical principle first described by Galileo Galilei as "the ratio of two volumes is greater than the ratio of their surfaces." In other words, as an animal increases in size, its volume will grow faster than its surface area, so larger animals need much larger limbs to support their weight. If we were to merely scale up an elephant by several orders of magnitude, the square-cube law holds that it would collapse — its mass would increase by a power of three, while its limbs would increase in size by a power of two.
Elephants are the biggest land animals alive today. (Image credit: Shutterstock)
The only way our imaginary mega-elephant could overcome this limitation would be to have disproportionately large and thick legs. But even then, at around the 120-ton mark, the limbs necessary to keep the mega-elephant on its feet would become improbably bulky. "The largest animals in the fossil record are just under 100 tons [90 metric tons], which supports this theoretical maximum," Smith said, adding that "it's not clear that bigger ones couldn't have evolved."
But physics is not the only constraint on animal size. If it were, we would live in a world packed with 100-ton land animals, carefully toeing Galileo's square-cube line. Resource availability is also a significant factor — megafauna have to eat. "Animals that live in more productive environments with high quality foods are generally able to harbor larger maximum body sizes," said Jordan Okie(opens in new tab), a quantitative biologist at Arizona State University. "Whales, elephants, and other megabiota tend to live in productive, nutrient rich environments."
Nutrient requirements also explain why reptiles, like titanosaurs, grew much larger than even the largest land mammals, according to Smith. Because warm-blooded mammals have faster metabolisms, they require about 10 times the amount of food to support a given body size than reptiles do, Smith explained. Reptiles, on the other hand, have lower body temperatures and slower metabolisms, so they can afford to eat less and can grow on a calorie budget that would starve a mammal.
"Not surprisingly, the largest dinosaurs in terrestrial areas were about 10x bigger than the largest mammals," Smith said.
Blue whales, which can weigh about 165 tons and are warm-blooded mammals, are glaring exceptions to several of these rules. But their unique environment explains their success(opens in new tab). Marine megafauna can take advantage of their buoyancy to scale up in size without straining their muscles and bones, growing in ways that would make the limbs of land animals crumble. And whales have miles of open ocean at their disposal, which they travel to pursue meals.
Blue whale skeleton in the Natural History Museum (2018). (Image credit: Laura Geggel)
"Animals in water are expected to be less limited by biomechanical constraints," Okie told Live Science in an email. "The oceans also provide abundant, nutrient-dense resources for those animals that are mobile and resourceful." In particular, the evolution of baleen plates allowed whales to consume zooplankton efficiently enough to support their enormous sizes, Okie added.
Various constraints aside, the planet can clearly support megafauna. For hundreds of millions of years, megafauna were pervasive. Yet, throughout the past 20,000 years or so(opens in new tab), a mere blink in evolutionary time, megafauna have all but vanished. Large land mammals such as elephants and rhinos are in decline, existing in only specific parts of the world; several groups of marine megafauna, such as whales, are perpetually tottering on the brink of extinction. So where did all of the giants go?
"Humans eliminated most of them," Vermeij said. "Mammoths, elephants, bison, large carnivores — we've eliminated 90% of large animals, maybe more, and certainly all of the largest ones."
Humans are also the chief obstacle to the revival of these large species.
"You'd have to have no humans before megafauna could make a comeback," Vermeij said. "We're the dominant species, by far, and no animal is going to get large under our hegemony. The chances of getting anything as big as a Cretaceous dinosaur again are unlikely."
A Strange Object Orbits The Milky Way’s Black Hole Every 70 Minutes
A Strange Object Orbits The Milky Way’s Black Hole Every 70 Minutes
Astronomers have discovered a mysterious object, which they believe is a giant hot bubble of gas around the Milky Way's black hole every seventy minutes. This means that the object is moving at a mind-boggling 30% of the speed of light.
Observations by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have revealed something unusual near the Milky Way's supermassive black hole. Astronomers believe there is a mystery object, a hot spot, that circles around Sagittarius A*. According to the researchers, the discovery will aid in our comprehension of the bizarre yet dynamic ecosystem.
The object that circles the black hole is most likely a hot bubble of gas that swirled around Sagittarius A* in an orbit comparable to that of the planet Mercury, according to the experts. The only difference is that it completes one orbit in around seventy minutes.
Orbits of the G objects at the center of our galaxy, with the supermassive black hole indicated with a white cross. Stars, gas and dust are in the background.
(Credit: Anna Ciurlo, Tuan Do/UCLA Galactic Center Group)
In other words, according to Maciek Wielgus of the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany, this puzzling object requires a mind-boggling velocity of nearly 30% of the speed of light to complete its orbit in seventy minutes. Wielgus conducted the study that described the hot gas bubble orbiting the black hole, which was published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
ALMA, a radio telescope co-owned by the European Southern Observatory (ESO), was utilised to perform observations during the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration's attempt to picture black holes. In April 2017, the EHT joined eight existing radio telescopes across the world, including ALMA, and photographed Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the heart of the Milky Way galaxy, for the first time. To calibrate the EHT data, a team of EHT Collaboration members, including Wielgus, used ALMA data taken concurrently with the EHT observations of Sagittarius A. The scientists discovered further information about the black hole's nature using solely ALMA observations.
The observations were made just after NASA's Chandra Space Telescope detected an X-ray flare produced from our galaxy's centre. There is a suggestion that these flares are caused by hot spots, which are hot gas bubbles that orbit exceedingly quickly and near to black holes. Previously, they were observed using X-ray and infrared telescopes.
"This is particularly intriguing because flares of this type were previously recorded solely in X-rays and infrared. "For the first time, we detect a very strong hint that orbiting hot spots are also present in radio data,"Wielgus explains.
According to Jesse Vos, a Radboud University Ph.D. student who was also involved in this study, these hot spots detected at infrared wavelengths are most likely manifestations of the same physical phenomenon: as hot spots emitting infrared cool, they become visible at longer wavelengths, similar to those observed by ALMA and the EHT.
Recent discoveries lend credence to the notion that flares are created by magnetic interactions in the highly hot plasma circling the black hole. These flares appear to have a magnetic origin, and scientific findings shed light on their geometry. We now have the possibility to build a theoretical interpretation of these events as a result of the additional data," explains Radboud University co-author Monika Mocibrodzka.
Scientists can use ALMA to analyse polarized radio emissions from Sagittarius A* and thereby establish the magnetic field of the black hole. In addition to these findings, the scientists investigated the hot spot's genesis and environment, particularly the magnetic field encircling Sagittarius A*, using theoretical models. Their finding places more limitations on the form of this magnetic field than prior observations in the process of discovering the nature of our black hole and its environs.
The GRAVITY instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT), which looks into the cosmos in infrared, has validated some of the prior discoveries. Both GRAVITY and ALMA data indicate that the flare originates in a cluster of gas revolving clockwise around the black hole at around 30% the speed of light. The hot spot's orbit is also practically face-on, according to scientists.
"To be able to track hot spots at multiple wavelengths using GRAVITY and ALMA coordinated multiwavelength observations in the future would be a true milestone for our understanding of the physics of flares in the Galactic centre,"says Ivan Marti-Vidal of the University of Valencia, a study co-author.
Furthermore, the EHT team wants to directly examine the gas clumps around the black hole, allowing them to delve closer and obtain a better knowledge of the object.
What happens near Sagittarius Acosmic *'s environment is a mystery to researchers. Wielgus, on the other hand, thinks that one day we may ultimately learn more about it and be able to construct a clearer picture of what happens at the centre of our galaxy.
Astronomers spotted shock waves shaking the web of the universe for the first time
Astronomers spotted shock waves shaking the web of the universe for the first time
The observation could offer an indirect look at large-scale magnetic fields in the universe
In this simulation of the cosmic web, shock waves along filaments and around clusters emit radio light (pink) as they ripple through magnetic fields (cyan).
For the first time, astronomers have caught a glimpse of shock waves rippling along strands of the cosmic web — the enormous tangle of galaxies, gas and dark matter that fills the observable universe.
Combining hundreds of thousands of radio telescope images revealed the faint glow cast as shock waves send charged particles flying through the magnetic fields that run along the cosmic web. Spotting these shock waves could give astronomers a better look at these large-scale magnetic fields, whose properties and origins are largely mysterious, researchers report in the Feb. 17 Science Advances.
Finally, astronomers “can confirm what so far has only been predicted by simulations — that these shock waves exist,” says astrophysicist Marcus Brüggen of the University of Hamburg in Germany, who was not involved in the new study.
At its grandest scale, our universe looks something like Swiss cheese. Galaxies aren’t distributed evenly through space but rather are clumped together in enormous clusters connected by ropy filaments of dilute gas, galaxies and dark matter and separated by not-quite-empty voids (SN: 10/3/19).
Tugged by gravity, galaxy clusters merge, filaments collide, and gas from the voids falls onto filaments and clusters. In simulations of the cosmic web, all that action consistently sets off enormous shock waves in and along filaments.
Filaments make up most of the cosmic web but are much harder to spot than galaxies (SN: 1/20/14). While scientists have observed shock waves around galaxy clusters before, shocks in filaments “have never been really seen,” says astronomer Reinout van Weeren of Leiden University in the Netherlands, who was not involved in the study. “But they should be basically all around the cosmic web.”
Shock waves around filaments would accelerate charged particles through the magnetic fields that suffuse the cosmic web (SN: 6/6/19). When that happens, the particles emit light at wavelengths that radio telescopes can detect — though the signals are very weak.
Simulations of the cosmic web and its magnetic field (cyan), like the one pictured here, predict that shockwaves along filaments and around galaxy clusters should emit weak radio signals (pink). The inset shows what combining many radio images of galaxy cluster pairs in the simulated web might look like, with colors representing gas temperature and density (high values are yellow, low values are purple and black).F. VAZZA, D. WITTOR AND J. WEST
A single shock wave in a filament “would look like nothing, it’d look like noise,” says radio astronomer Tessa Vernstrom of the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research in Crawley, Australia.
Instead of looking for individual shock waves, Vernstrom and her colleagues combined radio images of more than 600,000 pairs of galaxy clusters close enough to be connected by filaments to create a single “stacked” image. This amplified weak signals and revealed that, on average, there is a faint radio glow from the filaments between clusters.
“When you can dig below the noise and still actually get a result — to me, that’s personally exciting,” Vernstrom says.
The faint signal is highly polarized, meaning that the radio waves are mostly aligned with one another. Highly polarized light is unusual in the cosmos, but it is expected from radio light cast by shock waves, van Weeren says. “So that’s really, I think, very good evidence for the fact that the shocks are likely indeed present.”
In this computer simulation, gas falling onto the cosmic web (blue) heats and expands, setting off shockwaves that ripple through the hot, expanded gas (red) and throughout the vast network of galaxy clusters and filaments that fills our universe. These shockwaves interact with magnetic fields (green) in the cosmic web to create radio signals that astronomers can observe.
The discovery goes beyond confirming the predictions of cosmic web simulations. The polarized radio emissions also offer a rare peek at the magnetic fields that permeate the cosmic web, if only indirectly.
“These shocks,” Brüggen says, “are really able to show that there are large-scale magnetic fields that form [something] like a sheath around these filaments.”
He, van Weeren and Vernstrom all note that it’s still an open question how cosmic magnetic fields arose in the first place. The role these fields play in shaping the cosmic web is equally mysterious.
“It’s one of the four fundamental forces of nature, right? Magnetism,” Vernstrom says. “But at least on these large scales, we don’t really know how important it is.”
The recent podcast “Weaponized,” starring filmmaker Jeremy Corebll and investigative journalist George Knapp, has ignited a long debate on Area 51 holding secrets of UFOs and non-human beings. Mr. Knapp explained a lot of the corroborating evidence regarding people that confirmBob Lazar’s claims, as well as the S4 base he worked at Nevada desert and the company that vetted him, EG&G.
Lazar’s identity as an Area 51 scientist has always been discussed by other people in the UFOlogy. Lately, Dr. Travis Scott has also been seen discrediting Bob Lazar and said he did work at Area 51 but as a janitor. Many users find it a direct attack on Lazar’s credentials as he failed to show his qualifications. However, there are credible experts that have confirmed Lazar’s work at Area 51.
Mr. Knapp revealed to Corbell that while working on the follow-up series “UFOs: The Best Evidence” in 1990, he came to know about a man named Alfred O’Donnell, who was the general manager at EG&G in Nevada that managed Area 51. According to Knapp, O’Donnell claimed that “they did have a flying saucer that had been recovered from New Mexico,” and a “live being.”
EG&G was created by three scientists, Harold Edgerton, Kenneth Germeshausen, and Herbert Grier. The company specialized in the measurement of energy created by nuclear weapon explosions. EG&G was involved in the development of a complex little gadget that could arm an atomic bomb, start an automated countdown, set it off, and collect data on how it behaved. The company played a role in the migration of well-educated professionals to Las Vegas in the early 1950s, including Alfred O’Donnell, a technician who worked for the company.
Alfred O’Donnell
O’Donnell was the prominent figure in Area 51, who had all clearance to walk anywhere in the facility. Moreover, his background is good enough to add credibility to Bob Lazar’s claims. Mr. Knapp shared his story of meeting O’Donnell who told him about the recovered craft that was stored at the Indian Springs (Creech US Air Force Base), but later it was transferred to the newly built Area 51 in 1955.
“They moved it to an adjacent facility he didn’t say it was S4 he didn’t say it was Papoose but I think that’s what he’s talking about Papoose lake is where Bob Lazar said he worked and where they had built hangers underground disguised it to look like the desert and where they had other recovered craft,” Mr. Knapp said.
O’Donnell told Knapp all the secret information about UFOs at a coffee shop. He said that they were trying to reverse-engineer the recovered crafts and duplicate the technology to build more crafts like that. Further, O’Donnell revealed that they were worried that “IT” could get out. He said they were holding it in a cage as they did not understand it.
“We didn’t know what it was… To tell you the truth, we couldn’t communicate with it. In the beginning, we didn’t know what it was, we didn’t know where it was from. And we didn’t know what to do with it…”
“Eventually, they figured out a way to communicate with it and so I asked him well what did it look like… he said well kind of looks like a certain political candidate… at the time Ross Perot was running for president, he said it looks like Ross Perot, a little skinny guy with big ears and a tiny head, not a classic gray looking alien but a very odd looking creature.”
Mr. Knapp further shared a story about a former female employee of defense contractor Holmes & Narver, who allegedly had knowledge about “crashed saucers, recovered materials, and what sounded like a Roswell-type incident.” The woman had been intimidated by unknown agents before she was scheduled to speak with Knapp, causing her to cancel the meeting.
Knapp also mentioned that former Congressional staffer Richard D’Amato investigated claims about crashed saucers and visited Area 51, but was unable to verify the statements. Knapp later scheduled a meeting between D’Amato and EG&G employee O’Donnell, which was allowed by EG&G co-founder Herbert Grier. However, O’Donnell refused to tell D’Amato anything.
Knapp stated that O’Donnell made a deathbed confession, confirming the existence of a crashed flying saucer and a living being. However, no recording of O’Donnell’s confession has surfaced. If the recording was made public, it would lend credibility to the assertions made by Bob Lazar, who claimed to have worked on recovered saucers in Area 51.
Years after his initial conversation with Knapp, O’Donnell changed his story and shared a different version of the flying saucer incident with journalist and author Annie Jacobsen, which regarded the Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) incident at Roswell in 1947.
Journalist Christoper Sharp writes that Jacobsen mentioned different version of O’Donnell’s story in the book “Area 51: An Uncensored History of America’s Top Secret Military Base,” according to which “Roswell incident was not the result of non-human intelligence, but in fact a Russian craft with ‘grotesque, child-size aviators’ developed in human experiments by Nazi doctor and war criminal Josef Mengele.”
But Mr. Knapp debunked this story as he discovered the Russians were just as mystified about the Roswell incident as the Americans.
Bob Lazar claimed in 1989 that the US government was conducting a project to reverse engineer alien technology from nine different UFOs collected over decades and hidden in hangars at a location called S-4 near Papoose Lake.
Jeremy Corbell shared a video of Mr. Knapp discussing am LakeFreeman also reported seeing a door opening in space with a bluish light, and then disappearing. George Knapp confirmed that Freeman did not know who Bob Lazar and John Lear were, and that former employees who worked with Bob verified that he was a physicist, but those claims were made informally and off the record.
Medium user SignalsIntelUFO has done great work by transcribing over 50 interviews of Bob Lazar with in-depth information. Bob claimed to have been hired as a physicist at Los Alamos in May 1982. For evidence about his employment, there is an article written by Terry England on June 30, 1982. “To Lazar, a physicist at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility, the important thing is the jet engine. It’s something he’s been working on for years,” England wrote.
Terry England article on Bob Lazar
In July 2020, during Joe Rogan’s podcast with Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp, Corbell said he asked Terry England about Bob Lazar’s occupation as a physicist at Los Alamos. Corbell said: “Look, here’s the point, you said Bob Lazar was a physicist at Los Alamos. So how did you base that? You’re writing a paper…” and he [England] goes “yeah,” — and it got picked up by AP news — he goes “if I [England] had misrepresented that he was a physicist at Los Alamos I would have been blackballed by everybody at Los Alamos. They take that very seriously. He was a physicist. I reported it. AP News picked it up, they repeated it. Not word one from anybody saying he wasn’t a physicist at Los Alamos.”
Sacred Marvels: 17 Cathedrals That Will Take Your Breath Away, In Pictures
Sacred Marvels: 17 Cathedrals That Will Take Your Breath Away, In Pictures
Cathedrals are some of the most awe-inspiring structures in the world, with their grandeur and intricate details captivating visitors for centuries. These religious buildings are often the most iconic landmarks of a city or region, featuring unique architectural styles and intricate works of art. Cathedrals can be found all around the world, from the towering spires of the Gothic cathedrals of Europe to the colorful domes of the Orthodox cathedrals in Eastern Europe and beyond. Many of these cathedrals have played significant roles in the history of their respective regions and continue to be important cultural and religious centers today.
St. Basil's Cathedral is an iconic symbol of Moscow and one of the most famous landmarks of Russia. It was built in the 16th century under the reign of Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the capture of the city of Kazan. The cathedral is known for its colorful onion-shaped domes and intricate patterns, and is considered a masterpiece of Russian architecture.
The Santiago de Compostela Cathedral is located in the city of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain, and is considered to be one of the most important pilgrimage sites in the world. The cathedral is believed to be the burial place of Saint James, one of the apostles of Jesus, and has been a place of pilgrimage for over a thousand years. The cathedral's impressive Romanesque architecture and its baroque façade make it a popular tourist destination in Spain.
Milan Cathedral, also known as the Duomo di Milano, is one of the most famous landmarks of Milan and one of the largest Gothic cathedrals in the world. The cathedral took nearly six centuries to complete and features over 3,400 statues, 135 gargoyles and stunning stained-glass windows. The cathedral's roof also offers breathtaking views of the city of Milan.
The Zipaquira Salt Cathedral is an underground Roman Catholic church located in the town of Zipaquira, Colombia, about an hour's drive from Bogota. The cathedral is built inside an abandoned salt mine, which was transformed into a religious sanctuary in the 1950s. The cathedral is a popular tourist attraction, known for its impressive architecture, including its cross-shaped layout, and the numerous salt sculptures that decorate its interior.
Sainte Chapelle is a Gothic-style royal chapel located in the heart of Paris, France. It was built in the 13th century by King Louis IX and is known for its stunning stained-glass windows, which cover a total area of over 600 square meters. The chapel's lower-level features intricate murals and sculptures, while the upper level is reserved for the spectacular stained glass windows, which depict scenes from the Bible.
The Basilica of Saint Mary of the Flower is a cathedral located in the heart of Florence, Italy. The cathedral is famous for its iconic dome, which was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi and is considered a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture. The interior of the cathedral is also notable for its stunning frescoes, including the Last Judgment by Giorgio Vasari.
The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is one of the most impressive and iconic landmarks of the Bulgarian capital, Sofia. It was built in the early 20th century and named after the Russian prince and national hero Alexander Nevsky. The cathedral's neo-Byzantine architecture, intricate frescoes, and beautiful gold-plated domes make it a must-see attraction for visitors to Sofia.
Notre Dame Cathedral is a historic Catholic cathedral located on the Île de la Cité in Paris, France. It was built in the 12th century and is widely considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture in the world. The cathedral is known for its impressive rose windows, soaring ceilings, and intricate sculptures, and attracts millions of visitors every year. In April 2019, a devastating fire broke out at Notre Dame Cathedral, causing significant damage to its roof and spire, and prompting a major restoration effort that is still ongoing.
Saint Sophia Cathedral is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most significant landmarks of Kiev, Ukraine. The cathedral was built in the 11th century and is renowned for its Byzantine architecture, including its stunning mosaics and frescoes. It was named in honor of the ancient Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and played a crucial role in the history of Kievan Rus.
The Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière is a prominent landmark in Lyon, France, situated atop Fourvière Hill overlooking the city. The basilica was constructed in the late 19th century in a neo-Byzantine style and is known for its ornate design, including intricate mosaics, stained glass windows, and a beautiful golden statue of the Virgin Mary.
St. Stephen's Cathedral is a stunning Gothic-style cathedral located on Stephansplatz square in the heart of Vienna, Austria. The cathedral's construction began in the 12th century and continued for over 400 years, resulting in a fascinating blend of architectural styles. The cathedral's towering spire, intricate carvings, and stunning stained-glass windows make it one of Vienna's most beloved and iconic landmarks.
Cologne Cathedral, also known as Kölner Dom, is a stunning Gothic-style cathedral located in the city of Cologne, Germany. The cathedral's construction began in the 13th century and took over 600 years to complete, resulting in a fascinating blend of architectural styles. The cathedral is known for its impressive size, with two spires standing over 150 meters tall, as well as its stunning stained glass windows and intricate carvings.
The Notre-Dame Basilica is a stunning Gothic-style church located in the heart of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was constructed in the mid-19th century and is known for its impressive size, intricate carvings, and stunning stained-glass windows.
The Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar is a Catholic church located in the city of Zaragoza, in northeastern Spain. The cathedral is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, under the title of Our Lady of the Pillar, and is considered one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Spain. The cathedral's architecture is a mix of styles, including Baroque, Renaissance and Gothic, and is known for its impressive dome and stunning frescoes.
St John's Co-Cathedral is a stunning Baroque-style cathedral located in the heart of Valletta, the capital city of Malta. The cathedral was built by the Knights of Malta in the 16th century and is known for its ornate interior, including intricate marble floors, gilded columns, and stunning frescoes. The cathedral is also home to several important works of art, including paintings by Caravaggio and other prominent Baroque artists.
The Sagrada Familia is a world-famous cathedral located in the city of Barcelona, Spain, and is one of the most iconic landmarks of the city. Designed by the renowned architect Antoni Gaudí, the cathedral's construction began in the late 19th century and is still ongoing. The cathedral is known for its unique architectural style, including its towering spires, intricate sculptures, and stunning stained-glass windows.
Cathedrals continue to inspire visitors with their beauty and spiritual significance, and many have become beloved landmarks of the cities and regions in which they are located. Despite the challenges of time and natural disasters, these architectural wonders have endured for centuries, serving as a testament to the skill and creativity of their builders. Whether you are admiring the soaring spires of a Gothic cathedral or the colorful mosaics of an Orthodox basilica, cathedrals offer a unique glimpse into the art, architecture, and religious traditions of cultures around the world.
Top image: The Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, St. Petersburg, Russia. The 18th century cathedral is the final resting place of many members of the Russian royal family, including Peter the Great and Catherine the Great.
By Bob Spearing, Director of International Investigations
How many times over the decades did MUFON and other UFO Organizations receive a description concerning the underbelly of a Black triangle? The witnesses not only described the three round white, blue or orange lights on the triangular vertices and a central red twirling beacon dead on in the bottom’s ?center but also mentioned how the triangle underside was of a deep matte finish and often tubular orB intricate latices were visible on the craft’s bottom. Circuit boards or various other unusual descriptions suggesting a complex tapestry of possible mechanics were described on the craft bottoms.These examples are not one-offs but a serious pattern seen over and over again in dozens, if not more, triangle reports.
Surely, with such a consistent pattern concerning the architecture of unknown aerial vehicles in ourskies, serious investigators should consider this essential circumstantial evidence that these are real and recurring vehicles in our skies of similar manufacture.
Now we have yet another report from a witness who most likely has no knowledge or connection to prior similar reports! It is a disc now and not a triangle.
MUFON Report #122240 originates out of Alameda County, California on or around July 20, 1985 at 8 P.M. This is what the witness, a child at the time, saw:
The UFO Investigator has a lot to work with here. First, the intricacy of the witness’s drawing absolutely suggests he has seen something incredibly similar to other UFO witnesses. There is a definite pattern to tubular or pipe-like structures on the bottom of these UFOs.
Why tubular structures? Is their purpose connected to propulsion? Cooling Systems? Life support systems? Optical Illusion? Implanted thought? Or, does this lattice of tubes constitute a necessity in a?technology that we do not understand by a visiting agent, extraterrestrial or otherwise, that we have noframe of reference for.
A second excellent drawing by the witness has overtones of the Ezekiel’s vision when he sees a wheel within a wheel. It is also suggestive of the common disc sightings where multi-colored lights ar observed rotating in certain ways, sometimes clockwise and counter-clockwise at the same time.
Having established that the witness creates coherent drawings similar to many other cases, let us delv further into the narrative of the child witness in this historical case. It is a “high strangeness” account and may, at first, seem bizarre.
It reads: “2 years prior woke up to a 4-foot waitress wearing an old-fashioned waitress uniform walking towards me as I watched from my bed. I could hear all the sounds of what a busy old-fashioned diner would sound like (customers eating and mumbling, silverware clanging on plates.) This was all static, “snow” in which it appeared to me almost like a holograph ..waitress was walking in middle section of seated guests towards me holding a platter of food with both of her hands, she did not look directly at me but kind of through my {me}. Very detailed even though it was all in a static type media in which I observed it. I yelled out to my Mom if I could sleep with her and I heard her say “sure c-mon honey”..then I replied “but I don’t want to step on this lady”….then I blacked out and did not discuss the event until years later with my Mom….also had multiple visions soon after the UFO experience including a wheel within a wheel hovering and rotating in opposite directions over my childhood home, walking on a beach of dead whales and running from a crashing flood and climbing atop of Stonehenge for safety as the flood waters resided just before the tips of the larger stones”.
An analysis of this episode by a viable witness capable of drawing highly complex illustrations must make us consider the possibility that his story is true no matter how unbelievable. There is also much symbolism in the child’s vision. Was the waitress a “Screen Memory?” Additionally, sufficient reports of possible alien agents offering Contactees and experiencers food and drink is common and Jacque Valle often cites reports of Faire abductions back to the Middle Ages where food and drink are offered.
An especially intriguing part of the witness’s visions is that whales are seen dying along a beach. Coincidentally (perhaps not!!!), whales are currently washing ashore in New Jersey in droves due to their sonar being disrupted by windmill farms in the ocean near the coast. Was the witness having some sort of prescient event? Could it be within the realm of possibility that this witness saw into the future?
MUFON would love reaction to this “high strangeness” account! Please send your hypotheses to DOII@MUFON.COM and we may follow up on this case in a future newsletter article.
Never discount the unbelievable because you do not believe it! Investigate it first!
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
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