Methuselah: The oldest star in the universe

The oldest star in the universe is HD140283 — or Methuselah as it's commonly known. This Digitized Sky Survey image shows Methuselah star, located 190.1 light-years away. Astronomers refined the star's age to about 14.3 billion years (which is older than the universe), plus or minus 800 million years. Image released March 7, 2013. 

(Image credit: Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), STScI/AURA, Palomar/Caltech, and UKSTU/AAO)

In 2000, scientists looked to date what they thought was the oldest star in the universe. They made observations via the European Space Agency's (ESA) Hipparcos satellite and estimated that HD140283 — or Methuselah as it's commonly known — was a staggering 16 billion years old.

Such a figure was rather baffling. After all, the age of the universe — determined from observations of the cosmic microwave background — is 13.8 billion years old, so how can a star be older than the universe?

"It was a serious discrepancy," says astronomer Howard Bond of Pennsylvania State University. So with that in mind, Bond and his colleagues set out to discover the truth and test the accuracy of the figure. Their conclusions were just as mind-blowing.

Astronomers began observing Methuselah — named in reference to a biblical patriarch who is said to have died aged 969, making him the longest-lived of all the figures in the Bible — more than 100 years ago. The curious star is located some 190 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Libra and it rapidly journeys across the sky at 800,000 mph (1.3 million kilometers per hour). 

It was clear that the star was old. The metal-poor subgiant is predominantly made of hydrogen and helium and contains very little iron. Such composition meant the star must have come into being when helium and hydrogen dominated the universe and before iron became commonplace (the heavier elements only appeared when massive stars created them in their cores) 

But could Methuselah really be more than two billion years older than its environment? Surely that is just not possible. Either the star was older than the universe or the universe was not as "young" as scientists thought it to be. Or maybe the dating was simply all wrong. What was it to be?

INVESTIGATING THE AGE OF METHUSELAH

 A mystery of this magnitude could not be ignored so Bond and his colleagues attempted to unearth the truth by pouring over 11 sets of observations that had been recorded between 2003 and 2011. 

These observations had been made by the Fine Guidance Sensors of the Hubble Space Telescope, which noted the positions, distances and energy output of stars. In acquiring parallax, spectroscopy and photometry measurements, the scientists could determine a better sense of age.

"One of the uncertainties with the age of HD 140283 was the precise distance of the star," Bond said. "It was important to get this right because we can better determine its luminosity and, from that, its age — the brighter the intrinsic luminosity, the younger the star. 

"We were looking for the parallax effect, which meant we were viewing the star six months apart to look for the shift in its position due to the orbital motion of the Earth, which tells us the distance."

Bond adds that there were also uncertainties in the theoretical modeling of the stars, such as the exact rates of nuclear reactions in the core and the importance of elements diffusing downwards in the outer layers. So they worked on the idea that leftover helium diffuses deeper into the core, leaving less hydrogen to burn via nuclear fusion. With fuel used faster, the age is lowered.

"Another factor that was important was, of all things, the amount of oxygen in the star," Bond said. HD 140283 had a higher than predicted oxygen-to-iron ratio and, since oxygen was not abundant in the universe for a few million years, it pointed again to a lower age for the star. 

As a result of all of this work, Bond and his collaborators estimated HD 140283's age to be 14.46 billion years. It was a significant reduction on the 16 billion previously claimed but it was still more than the age of the universe itself.

In that sense, it didn't clear up the mystery and, on the face of it, simply ensured Methuselah remained a curiosity. But the scientists posed a residual uncertainty of 800 million years, which Bond said made the star's age compatible with the age of the universe. It was a major breakthrough. 

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"Like all measured estimates, it is subject to both random and systematic error," said physicist Robert Matthews of Aston University in Birmingham, UK, who was not involved in the study. "The overlap in the error bars gives some indication of the probability of a clash with cosmological age determinations" 

"In other words, the best-supported age of the star conflicts with that for the derived age of the universe [as determined by the cosmic microwave background], and the conflict can only be resolved by pushing the error bars to their extreme limits."

Further refinements saw the age of HD 140283 fall a bit more. A 2014 follow-up study, for instance, updated the star's age to 14.27 billion years. "Again, if one includes all sources of uncertainty — both in the observational measurements and the theoretical modeling — the error is about 700 or 800 million years, so there is no conflict because 13.8 billion years lies within the star's error bar," Bond said.

What's more, in May 2021, another group of astronomers revised the best estimates for the age and mass of Methuselah and, having modeled how stars change over time, they found its age to be 12 billion years. It still makes HD 140283 extremely old (the sun, by comparison, is only a kid at 4.6 billion years old) but it puts the age of the star well and truly within the age of the universe. Or does it? 

INVESTIGATING THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE

On the one hand, Bond says the efforts to date Methuselah is "an amazing scientific achievement which provides very strong evidence for the Big Bang picture of the universe". By showing similarities between the age of the universe and that of this old nearby star, he says the problem with the age of the oldest stars is far less severe than it was in the 1990s when the stellar ages were approaching 18 billion years or, in one case, 20 billion years. "With the uncertainties of the determinations, the ages are now agreeing," Bond said.

Yet, on the other hand, Matthews believes the problem has not yet been resolved. Astronomers at an international conference of top cosmologists at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara, California, in July 2019 were puzzled over studies that suggested different ages for the universe. They were looking at measurements of galaxies that are relatively nearby which suggest the universe is younger by hundreds of millions of years compared to the age determined by the cosmic microwave background.

Related:

• 7 surprising things about the universe

Far from being 13.8 billion years old, as estimated by the European Planck space telescope's detailed measurements of cosmic radiation in 2013, the universe may be as young as 11.4 billion years. If that is, indeed, the case, then Methuselah is one again older than the universe. The plot, indeed, thickens, but how accurate are these re-estimates proving to be?

{ https://www.space.com/ }

20-06-2023 om 18:39 geschreven door peter  

The Curious Case of David Grusch: An Analysis of Truth and Disinformation

In the curious world of claims and counter-claims, where truth and falsehood often blur, the case of David Grusch presents a fascinating exploration. Grusch, a controversial figure involved in alleged whistleblower complaints, has been the subject of intense scrutiny and debate. The in-depth behavioral analysis conducted by a panel of experts provides a compelling look at the potential indications of disinformation embedded in his dialogue.

David Grusch has been known for making assertions about alien encounters and unidentified flying objects (UFOs), claims that, understandably, are met with both intrigue and skepticism. The confluence of truth, falsehood, and interpretation in this arena is a maze difficult to navigate, making this an interesting case study for those who venture into the realms of truth-seeking.

When scrutinizing Grusch’s statements, the panel noted that his demeanor, body language, and reactions potentially hinted at disinformation. His narrative, laced with unusual tonality, was punctuated with repetitive phrases and an immediate delivery of responses. This, coupled with a lack of visible anger about issues he was presumably passionate about, set off alarm bells for the panel.

Retiree snaps photo of UFO resembling “Close Encounters” hovering above residence for minutes

In one notable example, Grusch’s discussion about Jaffa Cakes, a popular snack in the UK, became a metaphor for the panel’s assertion about his potential conflation of truth and falsehood. Grusch’s detailed explanation of the tax differences between cakes and biscuits, while entertaining, was viewed by the panel as an obfuscation technique. It was seen as an effort to distract from the core issues at hand and potentially create confusion, a classic technique often used in disinformation campaigns.

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• ”We’ve Been LIED To!” Who’s Deceiving Us: Whistle Blower David Grusch or US Government?

In the realm of the specific claims, Grusch’s assertion that he feared retaliation was considered credible by the Inspector General. However, the panel suggested that Grusch conflated this credibility with the legitimacy of his claims about UFOs, leading to potential misinterpretation. This tendency to conflate unrelated issues was seen as another hallmark of disinformation, further amplifying the panel’s concerns.

The panel went as far as to speculate whether Grusch was involved in a larger, orchestrated plan, possibly even initiated by another entity. Such speculation was fueled by perceived incongruencies in Grusch’s behavior and statements, the unusual amount of UFO-related information he claimed to have received in a short amount of time, and his apparent eagerness to be part of something bigger.

Of course, it’s important to remember that these interpretations, while based on expert analysis, remain speculative. They neither confirm nor deny Grusch’s claims outright. However, they highlight the complexity involved in discerning truth amidst potential disinformation. This analysis underscores the importance of critical thinking, the need for nuanced interpretation, and the vigilance required when navigating complex narratives.

Whether Grusch’s narrative is an intricate tapestry of truth, a masterstroke of disinformation, or somewhere in between, remains open to interpretation. The Grusch saga serves as a reminder of the intrigue, complexity, and mystery that often shroud the realms of truth and falsehood, presenting an endless source of fascination for those drawn to such enigmas.

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{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

20-06-2023 om 17:35 geschreven door peter  

Ex-Pentagon Official & Jacques Vallée Suggest Higher-Dimensional Beings Crossing Into Our World

In a recent interview with journalist Ross Coulthart on NewsNation, Pentagon UFO whistleblower David Grusch dropped bombshell statements on UFO phenomena or UAPs, claiming that the United States and other world governments have retrieved intact and partially intact crafts of Non-Human Intelligence (NHI). The origin and reason behind these crashes is still unknown, but Grusch postulated that certain NHI, commonly associated with UFO sightings, might originate from higher-dimensional planes of existence.

Grusch made a sensational claim by stating that in 1945, the United States intercepted a mysterious craft that was initially recovered by Mussolini’s forces in Italy back in 1933. As evidence of this extraordinary event, Grusch presented a handwritten Italian memo containing small drawings at the bottom. What made this revelation even more intriguing was the implication of the Vatican’s involvement, suggesting the religious institution was not only aware of the existence of NHI but also actively participated in suppressing this information.

Grusch made significant assertions regarding the NHI, stating that these entities might be extraterrestrial or interdimensional, or possibly both. He described sightings and recoveries of multiple operational crafts of various sizes, including one as large as a football field. Alarmingly, he revealed the recovery of NHI bodies and hinted at potential formal agreements between the U.S. government and some NHI factions.

Grusch is not alone in assuming that UFOs are perhaps interdimensional or higher-dimensional entities and this theory has been well-supported by others. The extraterrestrial hypothesis has remained the primary explanation for UFOs by many experts. However, there are many UFOlogists that have abandoned it in favor of the interdimensional hypothesis. Paranormal researcher Brad Steiger wrote: “We are dealing with a multidimensional paraphysical phenomenon that is largely indigenous to planet Earth.”

Astronomer and UFO researcher Jacques Vallée states that UFOs and related events of a paranormal nature involve visitations from other “realities” or “dimensions.” The idea proposes that these alternate realities exist separately yet parallel to our own. In 1975’s The Edge of Reality, Vallée and Hynek considered the possibility of what they call “interlocking universes.”

Hynek speculated that there might exist alternate universes with different quantum rules or vibration rates. He suggested that our own space-time continuum could be a mere slice of a universe with many more dimensions. Drawing an analogy, he compared it to the challenge of convincing an aborigine that TV pictures were passing through the room at that very moment. Similarly, he proposed that interlocking universes could potentially exist right here alongside ours, challenging the notion of them being located elsewhere.

In Vallée’s book “Passport to Magonia: On UFOs, Folklore, and Parallel Worlds,” published in 1969, he put forth the idea of a parallel universe coexisting with our own. He reiterated this concept in subsequent writings, outlining his objections to the extraterrestrial origin hypothesis of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). These objections included the abundance of unexplained close encounters exceeding the requirements for a physical survey of Earth, the unlikely humanoid body structure of alleged “aliens” for interstellar travel, the contradicting behavior reported in abduction accounts, the historical evidence of UFO phenomena throughout recorded human history, and the suggestive abilities of UFOs to manipulate space and time, hinting at alternative possibilities.

A study published on ResearchGate proposes the existence of an interdimensional membrane acting as a barrier between dimensions, with unstable entrances in the form of interdimensional tunnels. These tunnels would unpredictably wander between hyper-surfaces, and anyone caught in their entrance could potentially travel to dimensions beyond the fourth, as permitted by the laws of physics within our four-dimensional universe. Singularities and horizons would be absent in these tunnels, allowing for exploration of higher-dimensional realms.

One of the first reports suggesting UFOs are interdimensional comes from the FBI vault. Memo 6751 acknowledges the existence of an alien presence. Former FBI officer John DeSouza, the author of “The Extra-Dimensionals: True Tales and Concepts of Alien Visitors,” points to the memorandum as a significant document in UFOlogy.

According to the report, among other species, we are visited by creatures not only from other planets but from other dimensions as well. In particular, they are from the etheric plane coexisting with our physical Universe, materialized entities that appeared as translucent giants.

The information presented in the memo aligns with the Interdimensional Hypothesis, which suggests that UFOs originate from other dimensions rather than extraterrestrial locations. The memo mentions several characteristics that support this idea. The claim that attacking a UFO would likely result in the destruction of the attacking plane indicates advanced defensive capabilities beyond our understanding.

The mention of different types of occupants or remote control capabilities implies the presence of beings or entities from other dimensions. Reports of UFOs using radiant energy or rays to disintegrate attacking ships suggest highly advanced technology.

The ability of UFOs to disappear without leaving any trace indicates their potential to traverse dimensions or manipulate visibility. While UFOs may not be reachable by conventional radio, their potential detectability through radar hints at unconventional communication systems. These elements, dating back to the Roswell incident in 1947, contribute to the foundation of the Interdimensional Hypothesis for the origins of UFOs.

Then Why Do UFOs Crash?

Jacques Vallee’s perspective on UFO crashes is quite different from the conventional belief that they are accidental events. He suggests that these crashes are intentional occurrences with a specific purpose orchestrated by the mysterious visitors. (Source)

Vallee first highlights the weak and contradictory nature of the evidence surrounding UFO crashes. He claims that many alleged crash sites have not been properly investigated or verified by independent experts. Furthermore, he questions the credibility of witnesses and whistleblowers who claim to have encountered alien bodies or debris, suggesting that they may be unreliable or have ulterior motives.

In addition, Vallee argues that the physical characteristics of the supposed alien craft and materials defy the laws of physics and engineering. Rather than attributing these anomalies to our lack of understanding, he proposes that they result from a deliberate manipulation of human perception by the UFO intelligence.

According to Vallee, the purpose of the UFO crashes is not direct communication with humanity but rather the creation of a complex and enigmatic scenario that challenges our assumptions and beliefs about reality. He suggests that these crashes serve as catalysts, evoking various reactions from different groups of people, such as curiosity, fear, awe, skepticism, denial, or fascination. Vallee views these reactions as part of an ongoing experiment conducted by the UFO intelligence on human consciousness and culture, potentially holding profound implications for our future evolution.

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• Las Vegas UFO Crash Is Real, Claims Man Worked For NYPD: 10-Foot Alien Terrified Witness
• Ex-CIA Officer Encountered With Reptilian Alien; Says Reptilian Race Walking Among Us
• Whitley Strieber’s Alien Abduction & Stranger Who Told Him ‘Mankind Is Trapped

Vallee acknowledges that he does not know the ultimate goal or motive of the UFO intelligence. However, he asserts that it is neither hostile nor benevolent but rather indifferent to our welfare. He cautions against interpreting the UFO phenomenon solely based on our own expectations or desires and urges maintaining an open-minded and critical approach.

Ultimately, Vallee advocates for the development of a new scientific paradigm that can encompass the multidimensional nature of reality and accommodate the possibility of other forms of intelligence and consciousness beyond our own.

Experiencing Another Dimension

On Jesse Michels’ show, Vallee discusses a very strange UFO case that includes experiencing another dimension by the witness. Valle said: “There was one case in San Jose.  woman had seen something over her house. It was a big disc, and I say, ‘How big was it?’ And she says, ‘Well, it was about the same size as her house. It was, you know, just like that.’ Then I say, ‘Well, when you went inside, you said, uh, you know, there was this being, and the being took you on a staircase.’ I say, ‘Where did the staircase go?’ Well, the staircase went up the side of this big round room. I say, ‘How would you compare it?’ Well, like a movie house, you know, like an M5 theater. I said, ‘That’s bigger than your house.'”

A similar incident was also shared by an American attorney Daniel Sheehan soon after Grusch’s interview. Daily Mail reported: “A crashed UFO recovered by the US military ‘distorted space-time’ and was ‘bigger on the inside’, claims a top attorney involved in bringing UFO whistleblowers to Congress.”

The newspaper further writes, “Daniel Sheehan says he was told the mind-boggling tale by a whistleblower who allegedly took part in an illegally-undisclosed program retrieving crashed non-human spacecraft – and who has now briefed Senate Intelligence Committee staff.”

Sheehan described an account told to him by an insider of a crash retrieval program. According to Sheehan’s account, the recovery involved a 30-foot saucer partially embedded in the earth. When attempts were made to pull it out using a bulldozer, the saucer detached in a pie slice-like shape, revealing its construction.

Sheehan mentioned that a person entered the saucer, and inside, it was described as being as large as a football stadium, causing disorientation and nausea. He also stated that there were time and space distortions associated with the craft. However, Sheehan did not provide specific details such as the location or date of the incident, nor did he offer any evidence to support the claims.

It is important to note that the lack of specific information, documentation, and photographs has led skeptics to question the credibility of such stories about off-world UFOs stored by secret government programs. However, some military intelligence officials have voiced support for Sheehan’s claims, pointing out that the insider who came forward with the information has put themselves at risk by submitting their claims to the Department of Defense and Intelligence Community Inspector Generals under penalty of perjury.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

20-06-2023 om 01:25 geschreven door peter  

There is a long list of officials who have spent a long time in the US defense department, claiming to have seen the alleged crashed UFOs and non-human beings that supposedly had been the passengers of those crafts. In this list comes a deathbed confession of a man claimed to be a former CIA officer. He said to have seen living extraterrestrials and alien spacecraft secretly stored in the mysterious Area-51 US Air Force base.

“The Anonymous Interview” is a film by award-winning director Jeremy Corbell. This film investigates a very contentious witness account from an alleged ex-CIA agent who claims to have been exposed to extraterrestrial realities and technologies throughout his employment in the military and intelligence. This “deathbed confession” was presented as the witness testimony at the Citizens Hearing on Disclosure held at the National Press Club in Washington, DC in 2013. It sparked a lively discussion among those involved in the intelligence and UFO sectors.

The 77-years old alleged former CIA went on camera (check the video at the bottom) and testified to the renowned UFO researcher Richard Dolan. The man was scared of disclosing his real name so in the interview, he is dubbed “The Anonymous.” He even never used his actual name during his service time in the CIA. During the interview, the man told Dolan that he had not much time left as he was facing kidney failure issues.

His story was first introduced by investigative journalist Linda Moulton Howe on June 6, 1998, on the radio show Coast to Coast AM under the pseudonym “AGENT KEWPER.” He was drafted into the US military and sent to the signal training center in the eastern United States. Later, he attained the position of a cryptographer in the US Air Force. (Source)

He worked for the CIA from 1957 to 1960 and described his work inside a CIA group based in a southeastern military base where they analyzed film, photographs, and other physical evidence collected from eyewitnesses of extraterrestrial craft and beings. Linda interviewed “Kewper” on eleven hours of audiotape in the summer of 1998 before government agents warned him not to follow through with further interviews. She shared one portion of the audio, which concerned the 1959 briefing of President Eisenhower and Vice President Nixon about UFOs, human abductions, and animal mutilations, which Eisenhower indicated he was already familiar with.

In 2013, Kewper came out of hiding, believing the end was close, and was once more prepared to share his astonishing story. That time, Richard Dolan, a UFO historian, conducted the interview with the witness and later gave his consent for his picture and remarks to be used at the Citizen Hearing on Disclosure in Washington, D.C.

He told Dolan that while he was in the military, he was offered to work for the CIA on the secret program of which he got the top-secret security clearance. Meanwhile, Project Blue Book was handling most of the UFO cases but Kewper said it was “partially fraud.” “So, you’re saying some of the Blue Book cases were completely fictitious,” Dolan asked, and Kewper replied “Yes.” The case assigned to him came from Fort Belvoir, but it was neither from the Pentagon nor the CIA.

Read also:

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• Italy Had UFO Crash & Recovered Alien Bodies Prior To Roswell: Is USA Holding Them?
• Ex-Apollo Astronaut Claimed Humans Are Ancient Aliens, Visited Earth From Space

His most startling claim was that he had been escorted into Area 51 to view a variety of UFOs that the US military reportedly discovered. These allegedly include a flying saucer that crashed and landed in July 1947 in Roswell, New Mexico.

But it is at the center of many alien conspiracy theories which allege that the recovered alien craft has visited Earth. There were alien craft, including the Roswell UFO and live aliens. The conspiracy theories were compounded by the fact that the US Government did not acknowledge the base existed until 2013. Other theories suggest that aliens from the crashed UFOs are secretly kept there as well.

The man told Dolan that President Dwight Eisenhower had warned of a threat of Earth being invaded, so he and his superior at the CIA were allowed inside Area-51 to report back to the president. He claimed the two men were also taken to the alleged S-4 facility southwest of Area-51, where they observed “live extraterrestrials.”

“It took us 13 or 15 miles south to s4 and like different garage door openings okay and in these garage door openings they had like different saucer crafts. The very first one had Roswell craft and it was kind of crashed up but apparently, every alien that was in a died except for a couple… The Roswell craft was really strange because it looked like really heavy aluminum foil. We could walk next to it and the whole thing probably weighed 150-300 pounds.”

“Could they tell what the source of power was of this craft?” asked Dolan. “Yeah, it was like a reverse’s gravitational thing of some kind. In fact, I got the mathematical code for reversing gravity in a three-by-five card. I guess they are different types of grays and so on.”

“How did you see that evidence?” – “At s4 we viewed the autopsy film and then the colonel said what we’ve got in here is we’re interviewing a grey alien. I thought we had no idea we were going to see the real thing all we saw was the film. What did this gray alien look like could you describe them a little bit? It didn’t look human as far as the skin tone and basically the shape of it and the size how was its head size compared with a normal human. For example, the brain was kind of a little bit bigger and the nose was very, very small and the ears were just like holes and the mouth was very small.”

In mid-1947, a United States Air Force balloon crashed at a ranch near Roswell, New Mexico. Following the wide initial interest in the crashed “flying disc,” the US military stated that it was merely a conventional weather balloon. Major Jesse Marcel from the Roswell Army Air Field found the debris 75 miles northwest of Roswell, NM, in June 1947. The debris has been identified as that of a radar target. The Air Force released a report debunking reports of a UFO crash.

Author and UFO researcher Peter Robbins said of the account: “In my opinion, if it can be confirmed by any relevant supporting documentation, this moving and fascinating account does qualify as an authentic ‘death bed’ testimony from an individual who convincingly claims to have been a CIA officer deeply involved in the matter or crashed and/or recovered craft, and at one time a liaison between the agency and the President (Truman).”

Agent Kewper’s identity revealed

According to research done by author Richard Geldreich, Agent Kewper Stein was named (when he died) Oscar Wayne Wolff. He was born September 17, 1935 in Park Rapids, MN. He passed away on March 18, 2015 in Menahga, MN at the Green Pine Acres Nursing Home. (Source)

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{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

20-06-2023 om 01:02 geschreven door peter  

Stephen Hawking's most famous prediction could mean that everything in the universe is doomed to evaporate, new study says

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"That means that objects without an event horizon [the gravitational point of no return beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape a black hole], such as the remnants of dead stars and other large objects in the universe, also have this sort of radiation," lead author Heino Falcke, a professor of astrophysics at Radboud University in the Netherlands, said in a statement. "And, after a very long period, that would lead to everything in the universe eventually evaporating, just like black holes. This changes not only our understanding of Hawking radiation but also our view of the universe and its future."

The researchers published their findings June 2 in the journal Physical Review Letters.

Space-time monsters

According to quantum field theory, there is no such thing as an empty vacuum. Space is instead teeming with tiny vibrations that, if imbued with enough energy, randomly burst into virtual particles, producing very-low-energy packets of light, or photons.

In a landmark paper published in 1974, Hawking famously predicted that the extreme gravitational force felt at the mouths of black holes — their event horizons — would summon photons into existence in this way. Gravity, according to Einstein's theory of general relativity, distorts space-time, so that quantum fields get more warped the closer they get to the immense gravitational tug of a black hole's singularity.

Because of the uncertainty and weirdness of quantum mechanics, Hawking said this warping creates uneven pockets of differently moving time and subsequent spikes of energy across the field. These energy mismatches make photons appear in the contorted space around black holes, siphoning energy from the black hole's field so they can burst into existence. If the particles then escape the black hole, this energy theft led Hawking to conclude that — over a vast timescale much longer than the current age of the universe — black holes would eventually lose all of their energy and disappear completely.

But if a gravitational field is all that's needed to produce quantum fluctuations and photons, what's stopping any object with a space-time warping mass from creating Hawking radiation? Does Hawking radiation need the special condition of a black hole's event horizon, or can it be produced anywhere in space? To probe these questions, the authors of the new study analyzed Hawking radiation through the lens of a long-predicted process called the Schwinger effect, in which matter can theoretically be generated from the powerful distortions caused by an electromagnetic field.

Sure enough, by applying the framework of the Schwinger effect to Hawking's theory, the theoretical physicists produced a mathematical model that reproduced Hawking radiation in spaces experiencing a range of gravitational field strengths. According to their new theory, an event horizon isn't necessary for energy to slowly leak from a massive object in the form of light; the object's gravitational field is good enough on its own.

"We show that far beyond a black hole the curvature of space-time plays a big role in creating radiation," second author Walter van Suijlekom, a professor of mathematics at Radboud University, said in the statement. "The particles are already separated there [beyond the black hole] by the tidal forces of the gravitational field."

What the researchers' theory means in reality isn't clear. Possibly, as the matter that makes up stars, neutron stars, and planets ages, it will eventually undergo an energy transition into a completely new ultralow energy state. This might be enough to eventually collapse all matter into black holes, which could continue to slowly drip out light until they too disappear without a trace.

Unfortunately (or fortunately, depending on any misgivings you may have about evaporating), all of this is just speculation awaiting confirmation. To figure out if it's a true prediction of our universe's eventual fate, physicists will need to spot some Hawking radiation being produced around gravitationally dense objects — both around black holes and planets, stars, or neutron stars. If everything is destined to disappear in a flash of cool light, there should be plenty of places to look.

{ https://www.livescience.com/ }

19-06-2023 om 23:06 geschreven door peter  

Why have aliens never visited Earth? Scientists have a disturbing answer

Why has humanity never been visited by aliens (that we know of)? The question has confounded scientists for decades, but two researchers have come up with a possible — and disturbing — explanation: Advanced civilizations could be doomed to either stagnate or die before they get the chance.

The new hypothesis suggests that, as space-faring civilizations grow in scale and technological development, they eventually reach a crisis point where innovation no longer keeps up with the demand for energy. What comes next is collapse. The only alternative path is to reject a model of "unyielding growth" in favor of maintaining equilibrium, but at the cost of a civilization's ability to expand across the stars, the researchers said.

The argument, published on May 4 in the journal Royal Society Open Science, attempts to find a resolution to the Fermi Paradox. Taking its name from the casual lunchtime musings of Nobel Prize-winning physicist Enrico Fermi, the paradox draws attention to the contradiction between the immense scope and age of the universe — two things that suggest the universe should be teeming with advanced alien life — and the lack of evidence that extraterrestrials exist anywhere in sight. "So where is everybody?" Fermi is thought to have remarked. 

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• 9 Things we learned about aliens in 2021

The researchers of the new study say they may have the answer.

"Civilizations either collapse from burnout or redirect themselves to prioritizing homeostasis, a state where cosmic expansion is no longer a goal, making them difficult to detect remotely," astrobiologists Michael Wong, of the Carnegie Institution for Science, and Stuart Bartlett, of the California Institute of Technology, wrote in the study. "Either outcome — homeostatic awakening or civilization collapse — would be consistent with the observed absence of [galactic-wide] civilizations."

The pair came to their hypothesis by researching studies of the "'superlinear"' growth of cities. These studies suggested that cities increase in size and  energy consumption at an exponential rate as their populations grow, inevitably leading to crisis points — or singularities — that cause rapid crashes in growth, followed by an even more precipitous, potentially civilization-ending, collapse. 

"We hypothesize that once a planetary civilization transitions into a state that can be described as one virtually connected global city, it will face an 'asymptotic burnout,' an ultimate crisis where the singularity-interval time scale becomes smaller than the time scale of innovation," they wrote. 

These close-to-collapse civilizations would be the easiest for humanity to detect, the researchers suggest, as they would be dissipating large amounts of energy in a "wildly unsustainable" way. "This presents the possibility that a good many of humanity's initial detections of extraterrestrial life may be of the intelligent, though not yet wise, kind," the researchers wrote.

To avert their doom, civilizations could undergo a "homeostatic awakening," redirecting their production away from unbounded growth across the stars to one that prioritizes societal wellbeing, sustainable and equitable development and harmony with their environment, the researchers suggest. While such civilizations may not completely abandon space exploration, they would not expand on scales great enough to make contact with Earth likely.

The researchers point to a few of humanity's "mini-awakenings" that addressed global crises on Earth, such as the reduction of global nuclear arms stockpiles from 70,000 warheads to below 14,000; the halting of the once-growing hole in Earth's ozone layer by banning chlorofluorocarbon emissions; and the 1982 international whaling moratorium.

The scientists stress, however, that their suggestion is simply a hypothesis, taken from the observation of laws that seem to govern life on Earth, and is designed to "provoke discussion, introspection and future work."

Their proposal joins a bountiful crop of other scientific and popular suggestions as to why we've never made direct contact with celestial visitors. These include the numerous practical challenges presented by interstellar travel; that aliens may actually be visiting in secret; or that aliens arrived to Earth too soon (or humans too early) in the life of the universe for direct contact.

Another hypothesis, published April 4 in The Astrophysics Journal, suggests that the sheer scale of the universe means it could take as long as 400,000 years for a signal sent by one advanced species to be received by another — a timescale that’s far greater than the brief period humans have been able to scan the skies.

• Originally published on Live Science.
• Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com.

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19-06-2023 om 22:49 geschreven door peter  

Harvard Professor Is Right: Some UFOs Are Aliens, Govt. Officials From D.C. Told Him

Mysterious difficulties are still preventing the release of information related to the government’s hoarding and suppressing data about the first known interstellar object to land on Earth, nearly a year after U.S. Space Command confirmed that scientists had correctly identified it. Whereas, scientists provide an explanation for the trajectory of the most controversial “Oumuamua.”

Scientists Jennifer Bergner and Darryl Seligman submitted a paper, concluding that Oumuamua contained water and molecular hydrogen, which froze into ice due to the extreme cold of deep space. When the interstellar object entered the inner solar system and warmed up, the ice converted to its crystalline state, causing the H2 to be forced out and provide the propulsive push that explained the acceleration. The scientists ruled out nitrogen and carbon monoxide as possible explanations for the outgassing and acceleration because their levels were too low.

Dr. Avi Loeb said: “Oumuamua was not a Hydrogen-Water iceberg.” He submitted a new paper in collaboration with Thiem Hoang, challenging the surface temperature calculation of Oumuamua made by Bergner and Darryl in their recent paper published in Nature. He and Hoang argue that the calculation ignored the cooling effect of evaporating hydrogen, leading to an overestimation of the surface temperature by a factor of 9. The decrease in surface temperature limits the thermal annealing of water ice, further challenging the original model’s credibility.

Additionally, Dr. Loeb argues that Oumuamua’s lack of a visible coma, absence of carbon-based molecules or dust, and its unusual elongated shape, are all inconsistent with it being a generic comet. Dr. Loeb has previously proposed the possibility that Oumuamua is artificial in origin, which has sparked debates among experts.

In 2019, Amar Siraj and Dr. Loeb discovered an interstellar meteor near Papua New Guinea in 2014 and attempted to confirm their discovery. Relevant data had been collected by Department of Defense sensors, which were used to track nuclear explosions and was classified. In 2022, after delays, Space Command confirmed the researchers were correct about the meteor’s origin. This raised questions about why the government had suppressed information about the discovery for years.

According to this report, Motherboard filed a request under the Freedom of Information Act with different federal agencies seeking insight into why the government was not sharing data about alien bodies transiting our solar system. One request was filed with the Department of Energy in April 2022, and sought emails from two scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory, who mentioned the terms asteroid, meteor, or debris. Motherboard requested expedited processing due to the public’s interest in the topic.

The Department of Energy informed Motherboard that the request had been forwarded to the National Nuclear Security Administration, and a government information specialist later informed Motherboard that they had not demonstrated a compelling need for expedited processing. The request’s estimated completion date was moved several times, and Motherboard was ultimately told there is no estimated completion date due to “a few difficulties that the NNSA’s Los Alamos Field Office and/or Lab will have to work out.”

There is no definite answer to why mainstream scientists are trying to diminish Dr. Loeb’s discovery of Oumuamua and his bold acceptance of extraterrestrials. However, in his recent blog post, he mentioned that he was visited by two government representatives from Washington DC, who assumed he was on the right path. Perhaps, he is right about some UFOs might be extraterrestrial. (Source)

“‘Am I wasting my time?’ I asked the two visitors who came all the way from Washington DC to my home a couple of days ago. ‘Not at all,’ they assured me,” writes Dr. Loeb. He further added: “There is, of course, a lingering possibility that I am naïve and UAP are smoke and mirrors. In that case, we will find out soon enough. This is why I asked my guests from DC whether I may be wasting my time. I have no access to classified data and the publicly available data is not convincing. But the known facts are intriguing enough to get me going. Just as the nature of dark matter inspired me to write many scientific papers as a theoretical astrophysicist.”

Dr. Loeb has written extensively about dark matter and other cosmic phenomena. However, he is now leading the Galileo Project, which aims to investigate unident ified aerial phenomena (UAP) and determine if any have an extraterrestrial technological origin. The author notes that the scientific community has not been open to exploring UAP in the same way they have been with dark matter, and that this is a problem.

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• Nukes Attract Not Only UFOs but Something Bone-Chilling, Revealed By Ex-Worker At Nuclear Depot In Nevada Desert
• Man Worked For Pentagon Confessed On Camera: ‘We Have Downed UFOs Of Alien Origin’
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He argues that new scientific knowledge is gained through high-quality data, and the path to this knowledge should not be hindered by academic intolerance or low-quality data. He also notes that UAP research is often hindered by unsubstantiated claims and low-quality data, and that the focus should be on collecting new high-quality data to determine the nature of UAP.

A recent poll conducted by Professor Brian Keating from the University of California, San Diego, shows that 51.1% of respondents believe that the first Oumuamua was of extraterrestrial technological origin, despite inconclusive scientific evidence.

According to Dr. Loeb, “three of the known four interstellar objects (ISOs) appear anomalous, namely the meteors IM1 and IM2 in their high material strength and Oumuamua in its non-gravitational acceleration without a visible cometary tail, is intriguing for those who maintain their childhood curiosity or beginner’s mind (Shoshin) of Zen Buddhism. This evidence is not intriguing for everyone. Some science journalists celebrated a Nature paper last week and chose to ignore a follow-up paper which demonstrated that the Nature paper violated energy conservation, in order ‘not to confuse their readers.'”

On March 7, 2023, Avi Loeb presented a paper co-authored with Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick, Director, All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) of the Pentagon, stating that some UAPs could be small probes from an alien mothership. The paper describes physical constraints on UAPs using known forms of matter and radiation and states that the lack of radio signatures could indicate inaccurate distance measurements.

Dr. Loeb suggests that an artificial interstellar object could release many small probes during its close passage to Earth, which could reach Earth or other Solar system planets for exploration, and would be undetectable for existing survey telescopes but could be detected by deep space radars and space fences. The changes in arrival time and distance of the closest approach to Earth would manifest due to a small ejection speed far away, leading to a large deviation from the trajectory of the parent craft near the Sun.

In conclusion, the idea that Oumuamua and some UAPs could be of alien origin is a topic that continues to intrigue and spark debate among scientists and the general public. While some believe that the inconclusive scientific evidence does not support this claim, others like Dr. Loeb and Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick have presented research and theories that suggest the possibility of alien probes. As technology advances, it will be interesting to see if we can detect more evidence that could provide answers to this ongoing mystery.

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19-06-2023 om 22:28 geschreven door peter  

The Siberian Unicorn: A Collision of Science, Myth, and Legend

The Elasmotherium, colloquially known as the Giant Rhinoceros or the Giant Siberian Unicorn, is a prehistoric rhinoceros species that once roamed the Eurasian region during the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene eras. Their existence has been traced back to 2.6 million years ago, with the most recent fossils being approximately 29,000 years old. The most recognized species of this group, the E. sibiricum, compared to a mammoth in size, had a hairy exterior and is believed to have sported a large horn on its forehead, giving rise to its nickname, the "Siberian Unicorn". Initial descriptions estimate the beast to have stood around 2 meters (6.56 ft.) in height, measured 4.5 meters (14.76 ft.) in length, and weighed a hefty 4 tonnes.

Decoding the Tale of the Siberian Unicorn

The Elasmotherium species was first identified in 1808 by Johan Fischer von Waldheim, the perpetual Director of the Natural History Museum at Moscow University. His claim was based solely on the lower jaw of the species, gifted to the museum by Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova, which led to further study and identification of the species.

In March 2016, an excellently preserved skull was discovered in the Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan, indicating the species' survival until the Pleistocene era around 29,000 years ago, challenging the prior belief that they had vanished 350,000 years ago. Judging by the skull's size and condition, it is hypothesized that it belonged to an elderly male, though the cause of death remains a mystery.

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The Siberian unicorn's appearance, dietary habits, and behavior are subjects of various hypotheses owing to the wide-ranging interpretations of the reconstructions. Some depict the creature running like a horse, others bent over with its head towards the ground similar to a bison, and still others submerged in a swamp like a hippo.

Controversies over the Siberian Unicorn’s Horn and Extinction

The existence, size, and purpose of the horn remain hotly contested. Speculations regarding its function span from self-defense, to mate attraction, to competition deterrence, to snow clearing for feeding, and even to digging for water and plant roots. Considering the creatures were herbivores like present-day rhinos, it's unlikely the horn was used to attack or kill prey.

Only indirect evidence from sparse specimens exists to confirm if the beast had a horn or not and whether it was covered in hair or was hairless. Nonetheless, some evidence points towards the animal having a hairy exterior, much like the well-known woolly mammoth.

The primary evidence indicating that the Siberian unicorn possessed a horn is the frontal protrusion on the skull, which caught 19th-century paleontologists' attention and was instantly deemed the base for a horn. There is also evidence that the horn was not circular, as a fossil with a non-circular, partially healed puncture wound in the base suggests it could have been the result of combat with another male possessing a horn.

While male Siberian unicorns likely engaged in territorial disputes, their territory stretched from the Don River to eastern Kazakhstan. Findings suggest these ancient rhinos inhabited the southeast of the West Siberian Plain for an extended period. The exact cause of the extinction of the last Siberian unicorns remains uncertain. Scientists are examining specific environmental elements that might have triggered the species' extinction, hoping to glean insights that could be applied to modern species facing extinction.

The Legendary Unicorn

Myths and legends about unicorns, or creatures with a single horn, have permeated Chinese and Eastern European cultures for thousands of years. The Chinese term "K’i-lin," referring to a certain type of creature, was assimilated into Turkish and Mongolic languages and folklore. Although scribes in these languages struggled to describe the creature, a recurring theme was its single horn and its imposing size.

A bronze relic from the Warring States period portrays an animal remarkably similar to one depicted in cave paintings thought to represent Elasmotherium: grazing with its head lowered, a horn jutting from its forehead, and a drooping head and shoulders.

In 1866, Vasily Radlov encountered a Yakut legend in Siberia about a "gigantic black bull" slain by a lone spear. The beast reportedly had a single horn so enormous it had to be transported by sled. Other legends in this region typically involve a large white or blue woolly bull with a massive horn on its forehead.

From medieval Northern Russia, a collection of ballads, named "Golubinaia kniga" or "The Book of the Dove," influenced by Zoroastrianism and laced with Christian nuances, emerged. The ballads portray a righteous unicorn combating a lion, symbolizing falsehoods. The unicorn in these tales resided on a sacred mountain and was considered the progenitor of all animals. This creature saved the world from drought by using its horn to dig up springs of clean, fresh water. At night, it wandered the plains, blazing trails with its mighty horn.

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This creature features in other religious scriptures as well, though it is generally seen more as a symbolic entity than a real one. The Arabo-Persian term for a unicorn conflates unicorn and rhinoceros, viewing the rhinoceros as a symbol of truth and goodness. In Christianity, the single horn represents monotheism.

While mythology hints at the creature's existence, it is only circumstantial evidence. More research and additional fossils need to be discovered before we can definitively determine what this creature looked like and if unicorns were ever real.

If you're intrigued by our deep dives into the mysteries of history and want access to even more exclusive content, consider subscribing to Ancient Origins Premium.

• Top Image: A reconstruction of what the Siberian unicorn may have looked like.
• Source: Elenarts /Adobe Stock

By Veronica Parkes

{ https://www.ancientoriginsunleashed.com/  }

19-06-2023 om 20:54 geschreven door peter  

Embryo-like structures made using human stem cells could enable research that is not currently possible using natural embryos.

Credit: Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz, Bailey Weatherbee and Carlos Gantner

• doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-01992-0

{  https://www.nature.com/ }

19-06-2023 om 20:33 geschreven door peter  

10 Unsolved Mysteries That Cannot Be Explained! - Unexplaind Mysteries

Unsolved mysteries have always captivated the human imagination. From ancient legends and myths to modern-day enigmas, these perplexing phenomena, unsolved crimes, and unexplained events intrigue us in profound ways. But why do we find these mysteries so fascinating? What is it about the unknown and the unresolved that sparks our curiosity and keeps us engrossed? One of the key reasons unsolved mysteries interest us is the innate human desire for knowledge and understanding. Today, we take a look at these 10 unsolved mysteries. Thank you for watching!

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{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

19-06-2023 om 18:15 geschreven door peter  

The Vatican Whistleblower: What You Need to Know

The stories about UFOs and the Vatican primarily revolve around alleged encounters, documents, and speculation linking the Vatican to the study and investigation of unidentified flying objects. Which brings us to today’s whistleblower.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

19-06-2023 om 18:01 geschreven door peter  

On June 12, 2023, Dr. Steven Greer held a stunning UFO disclosure press event at Washington's D.C. press club. 

One of the whistleblowers was Eric Hecker, Raytheon contractor who worked at the Ice Cube Neutrino observatory, constructed at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica, from 2010-2011. 

Green laser  beaming into space from the Amundsen-Scott Antarctica Station on June 17, 2023.

Not only Eric Hecker stated that this Antarctica station is a huge air traffic control power station that monitors all interstellar craft that be operated by humans as well as non-humans but he also said that he witnessed a powerful green laser on top of this facility beaming into the cosmos. 

According to the official statement, this green laser instrument, the so-called LIDAR, is used to study the atmosphere. Now, on June 17, 2023 the webcam of the Amundsen-Scott base captured such a green laser beaming directly into space, but Eric believes this laser is a form of long range communications or defense system.  

If Eric is right that this green laser is used for long range communications, then it may be possible that this instrument is used to communicate with interstellar craft (like the secret space fleet) that be operated by humans.

Green laser  beaming into space from the Amundsen-Scott Antarctica Station on June 17, 2023.

See also our article posted on June 14, 2023: 

 Dr. Steven Greer: UFO whistleblowers drop bombshell on D.C. - Secrets Antarctica station, secret space program and more. 

Link image/webcam green laser:

• https://www.usap.gov/videoclipsandmaps/spwebcam.cfm

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

19-06-2023 om 17:48 geschreven door peter  

Could the megalodon still exist today?

From 20 million to 3.6 million years ago, Earth's oceans were dominated by an enormous species of shark called the megalodon. The scientific name, Otodus megalodon, means "giant tooth" — and it's easy to see why. With teeth up to three times the size of those of a great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), the megalodon also reached lengths of 60 feet (18 meters) — making it the ultimate apex predator until it became extinct.

Yet rumors persist that these supersized sharks are still alive, with TikTok and YouTube videos speculating on how they might have survived gaining millions of views. Is it really possible for the megalodon to be alive today, lurking somewhere in the ocean? 

Jack Cooper, a doctoral student at Swansea University in the U.K., is a member of the Pimiento Research Group, which studies marine diversity through time. He has spent years studying the megalodon — and says they are most definitely extinct.

"Any suggestion that megalodon potentially still exists in unexplored ocean regions is complete nonsense based on not a shred of credible evidence," he told Live Science in an email.

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Although the majority of the ocean hasn't been explored, Cooper said there are several reasons why the megalodon isn't still lurking in our oceans. Firstly, the food chain would look very different if the species was still alive.

"Megalodon was not only a very big coastal shark that would definitely have been seen by now, it was also an apex predator higher on the food web than any living marine predator. As such, it would've been a huge influence on ocean ecosystems," he explained.

"Its disappearance had cascading consequences. Whales, one of their key prey items, got even bigger after megalodon went extinct with nothing around to eat them," he added. "Some of the biggest marine mammals today like the blue whale only evolved after megalodon went extinct. So, in short, the modern day food web has partially been shaped by megalodon not being there."

Megalodon in the Mariana Trench?

Scientists are still learning about some of the most mysterious and unmapped regions of our oceans, particularly the deepest areas like the Mariana Trench, which stretches down 35,876 feet (10,935 m) below the ocean surface. Although it's exciting to imagine giant sharks living secretly in the depths, Cooper said they wouldn't be able to survive in such an inhospitable environment.

"The deep sea would be totally unsuitable habitats for such a big apex predator," he said. "We find deep sea sharks all the time and none come anywhere close in size to a 20-meter [65 feet]  giant. As megalodon was likely consuming fairly large prey, those smaller animals wouldn't be great sources anyway. The Mariana Trench has mostly microscopic life that wouldn't even feed one megalodon, let alone a secret population."

Kenshu Shimada, a paleobiologist at DePaul University in Chicago who has studied megalodon, said that claims these massive sharks still live somewhere today have never been substantiated.

To understand why the megalodon would not be able to survive in today's oceans, it can help to understand how it went extinct. Although the exact cause is unknown, Shimada said there are several dominant theories.

"A couple of major hypotheses include extinction due to climate change or competition with the great white shark that emerged a few million years ago. It is also possible that the extinction could have been caused by a combination of multiple factors."

Cooper agrees that climate change may be a key reason why the megalodon went extinct. He said the megalodon's extinction has largely been attributed to a reduction in sea level from the Pliocene epoch (5.3 to 2.6 million years ago).

"That reduction would have dramatically affected the coastal habitats of both the megalodon and their prey," he said. "It meant less area for them to live in and less food availability to replenish the huge amount of energy they needed to justify their enormous sizes and active predatory lifestyles. Today's sea levels generally remain much lower than the Pliocene, so such conditions are far from ideal for them."

Finally, if megalodon were alive today, we would likely know about it as they would be under threat from poaching — much like the great white shark. "We would have seen crystal clear evidence of megalodon," Cooper said. "As humans kill as many as 100 million sharks every year, with larger sharks being at particular risk to this, they would probably not be able to survive us rather than the other way around."  

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{ https://www.livescience.com/ }

19-06-2023 om 17:37 geschreven door peter  

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{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

19-06-2023 om 16:45 geschreven door peter  

Astronauts that hibernate on long spaceflights are not just for sci-fi. We could test it in 10 years.

Related: 

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For all these reasons, hibernation, also known as torpor, has long been a staple of sci-fi space movies. From "Alien" to "2001: A Space Odyssey," fictional space travelers have crossed vast distances cocooned unconscious inside high-tech pods while AI machines and android robots keep their spacecraft on a steady course. 

Despite being a sci-fi trope, putting humans into long-term induced torpor may not be a far-fetched idea after all. Jennifer Ngo-Anh, a research and payload coordinator of Human and Robotic Exploration at ESA and a co-author of a recent paper outlining the space agency's approach to hibernation research, told Space.com that depending on funding availability, the first human torpor trials could take place as early as the mid-2030s. 

"Of course, we need to finetune everything before we can apply it to humans. But I would say that 10 years is a realistic timeline," Ngo-Anh said. 

This fine-tuning is already underway. First studies have shown that it's possible to induce torpor in otherwise non-hibernating animals, such as rats, and bring them safely back to life a few days later. The process of triggering hibernation is rather intricate and involves reduced exposure to daylight and a period of intense feeding followed by a strict fast. 

"The rats receive a drug, a neurotransmitter substance, and are brought into a dark space with reduced temperature," Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn, professor emeritus in neuroscience and cell biology at Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, and member of ESA's hibernation research group, told Space.com in an interview. "It works very nicely, but the problem is that you have to apply the signaling molecule repeatedly to maintain the state. You need to maintain very high levels of the neurotransmitter and that could have deleterious effects over the longer term."

Why do we want to make people hibernate?

The question is whether induced torpor could ever be safe enough to be administered to space travelers in tiny spacecraft with minimal medical supervision and equipment. Ngo-Anh sees the problem from a different perspective. Torpor, she said, could, in fact, be the only way forward for long-duration space missions.

Loss of bone and muscle mass is a big issue for spacefarers. Even at the International Space Station, where high-tech fitness machines are available and strict exercise protocols are followed, astronauts lose up to 20% of their muscle mass in a month. Their bones get gradually weaker too. Footage of crews returning to Earth frequently shows fragile beings transported by medical personnel in wheelchairs and stretchers. But there will be no support crews waiting by after a landing on Mars. 

"This is a real problem for astronauts in microgravity," Bereiter-Hahn said. "Astronauts need to train a lot because otherwise they really would have serious problems when they get back to gravity conditions."

Research shows that the effects of microgravity on the human body resemble those of long-term bed rest. Strangely, bed rest while hibernating doesn't seem to result in such effects at all. Unlike a patient recovering from a long illness or medical coma, an animal waking up from hibernation shows surprisingly high fitness levels. 

"When animals wake up from hibernation, they very quickly remember their surroundings," Ngo-Anh said. "Within seconds, they remember where they hid their food before they went into hibernation, and they actually don't suffer much muscle loss, which is quite surprising after months just lying and sleeping in a cave."

Researchers think that the key to the protective effects of the torpor state is its physiology. Although hibernation superficially resembles sleep, inside the body the process works in a completely different way. Unlike a sleeping brain, a hibernating brain produces barely any electromagnetic activity. The heart rate of an animal in torpor drops to only a few beats per minute, and its body temperature declines to what would otherwise be considered dangerous hypothermia. Even the cells that make up the animal's body stop their usual business of processing or creating  nutrients, dividing and dying. By all biological measures, the torpor state is almost like hitting a pause button on life. 

"We know from studies that it reduces the lifespan of animals which normally go into torpor when they are prevented from going into torpor," Alexander Choukèr, a professor of medicine and an anesthesiology expert at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, Germany, who is also a member of the ESA team, told Space.com. "When they have these torpor phases in between, the animals can live five years, for example. When the torpor is missing, it could be just four years."

This pause-button quality of the torpor state is key to its promise for spaceflight missions. The hibernating astronaut in a Mars-bound capsule would not only save the agency cost for water, food and oxygen. He or she would, most likely, wake up rather fit, without suffering many of the negative side effects of long-term bed-rest or living in microgravity. In fact, studies show that the slowed down cells of a hibernating body don't get damaged by radiation, which is one of the biggest health-concerns during lung-duration space missions.  

Boon to medicine

These protective properties make hibernation a fascinating possibility not just for spaceflight, but also for medicine. Just like astronauts in microgravity, patients in long-term bed-rest and those in medically-induced coma waste away quickly. The recovery is slow and painstaking. 

"We put people under anesthesia all the time, but they still degrade," said Choukèr. "After you leave an Intensive Care Unit, if you are there for a long time, you are like a skeleton because of the degradation metabolism that sets in. To be able to hit that pause button would be a game-changer."

Slowing life processes, including the degradatory ones, to a minimum would provide what Bereiter-Hahn calls a "bridge," a period of time that would allow physicians to look for solutions without racing against the clock. 

"You can use that time to, for instance, develop special antibodies for a tumor and treat that tumor very successfully," said Bereiter-Hahn. "Also in organ transplantation, you would put the whole organ into torpor, as well as the patient, and then you could exchange those organs at much less danger for the patient."

In fact, added Ngo-Anh, cooling has been used by brain and cardiac surgeons for decades to improve outcomes of complicated surgeries. 

Although most of the current hibernation research is funded by space agencies and zoology institutions, Choukèr thinks that the first human to be put into this paused state of being will most likely be an intensive care patient. Once the first human survives and benefits from torpor, things will likely start moving forward much faster. 

"As it has always happened in medicine, you have to have the first human to be subjected to these conditions," Choukèr said. "At a certain point, there is a case number one where you apply [the new technique] because the risks and benefits are in a balance, and leaning more to the benefits of the subject. And then you can start from there."

Choukèr is not worried if medicine doesn't have the complex biological intricacies of the torpor state including all of its neurotransmitter signaling and environmental factors perfectly nailed down by that time. Patients (and astronauts) could still benefit, just as they have done from general anesthetics for decades. 

"We do [anesthesia] every day but we still don't 100% understand how it works," Choukèr said. "We've gained a lot of knowledge over the past 20 years but certainly, when they first started applying anesthesia, there was no real idea how this was working in the brain."

The researchers, however, agree that for hibernation to be of any use in spaceflight, it would have to work without complicated life support machines and constantly monitored intravenous lines. The journey from patient one to a trip to Mars may therefore take quite a bit longer.

• Follow Tereza Pultarova on Twitter @TerezaPultarova. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook. 

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{ https://www.space.com/ }

19-06-2023 om 16:07 geschreven door peter  

Decoding the Intrigue: Wiltshire’s 2023 Eastleigh Court Crop Circles Explained!

Crop circles have been a global enigma for decades. These intricate patterns, mysteriously appearing in crop fields, have sparked a spectrum of interpretations, from the work of highly creative pranksters to signs of extraterrestrial communication. In 2023, the world was once again captivated by an astonishing discovery. On 18th June 2023, an intricate and beautiful crop circle appeared at Eastleigh Court, near Bishopstrow, Wiltshire. This article aims to delve deep into the mysteries surrounding the 2023 crop circles, with an emphasis on this particular Wiltshire pattern.

The “Crop Circles 2023” phenomenon at Eastleigh Court was reported by locals who woke up to find the sprawling wheat fields transformed overnight into a canvas of complex geometric artistry. The formation, unique in its design, boasted flawless symmetry and precision, further augmenting the mystery surrounding its origin.

What makes the Eastleigh Court crop circles of 2023 fascinating is their scale, design complexity, and the fact that they appeared without any prior indication or evidence of human activity. The design features a concentric pattern of circles and intricate shapes, which has stimulated a flurry of interpretations from enthusiasts worldwide.

• 1st known Crop Circle of 2023 | Broad Hinton | Wiltshire UK | 2023-05-28

• FIRST Crop Circle of 2023 | Broad Hinton, Wiltshire, UK 

Historically, Wiltshire has been a hotbed for crop circle appearances, making it a focal point for researchers, enthusiasts, and skeptics alike. The region’s rich history, including its close proximity to the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles, adds a layer of historical intrigue to the crop circle phenomenon. The Eastleigh Court crop circles continue this tradition, making “Wiltshire Crop Circles 2023” a key subject for those interested in this fascinating phenomenon.

Theories about the creation of crop circles range from the scientifically grounded to the wildly speculative. Some believe these patterns are the result of atmospheric phenomena, while others propose the work of elaborate human hoaxes. A more speculative perspective suggests the influence of extraterrestrial beings. Despite the varied viewpoints, the 2023 Eastleigh Court Crop Circle adds another captivating chapter to the ongoing debate.

In an increasingly digital age, the Eastleigh Court crop circles have been widely shared across social media, trending under the hashtag #CropCircles2023. The viral spread has catalyzed international discussions, leading to an influx of visitors seeking a firsthand view of the spectacle. This public interest, combined with the inherent mystery of their creation, propels the relevance of the term “Crop Circles 2023” in online searches.

The crop circle phenomenon provides a unique intersection of agriculture, geometry, artistry, and mystery. While we may never definitively solve the puzzle of their creation, we can appreciate the awe-inspiring spectacle they present. The Eastleigh Court crop circles of 2023 have once again placed Wiltshire in the global spotlight, providing yet another reason to marvel at the intriguing phenomenon of crop circles.

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19-06-2023 om 12:51 geschreven door peter  

UAP Reports Involve the Ocean Too, NASA Investigator Reveals

Meet Paula Bontempi, the oceanographer and former NASA leader who has embarked on a mission to explain unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP).

BY DORIS ELÍN URRUTIA

 

Flavio Coelho/Moment/Getty Images

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

19-06-2023 om 01:28 geschreven door peter  

Viral YouTube video explains NASA's search for alien life

Related: 

• Life on Mars: Exploration and evidence

{ https://www.space.com/ }

19-06-2023 om 01:04 geschreven door peter  

GALACTIC INFORMERS DISCLOSURE FRONT LINERS REVEAL MILITARY SPACE & GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION - LOVE WINS

https://youtu.be/ZcREXn9noEQ

Alex Collier, Elena Danaan, Dr. Michael Salla, Chris O Connor, Jean-Charles Moyen, Tony Rodrigues and Dani Henderson share intel on current events and discuss the military personnel who came forward this week with Dr. Stephen Greer in Washington D.C. Love wins and our world is opening the doors to the dark ones who tried to take our life and liberties from us - NOTHING WILL STOP WHAT IS HAPPENING - LOVE WINS!

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19-06-2023 om 00:51 geschreven door peter  

Las Vegas UFO Crash Is Real, Claims Man Worked For NYPD: 10-Foot Alien Terrified Witness

Another historic extraterrestrial event has happened in the United States that will be debated in the UFO community until the truth comes out. On May 1, 2023, an object in the sky was noticed by several people in eastern California, Nevada, and Utah, which was later reported to be crashed including the alleged sighting of peculiar creatures in a residential backyard.

The incident shares similarities with other extraordinary cases from around the world, involving crashes, encounters with strange beings, and puzzling elements that defy explanation. Such stories can be easily called hoaxes, as happened with the Las Vegas crash. But independent investigative journalist and former police officer Doug Poppa shed light on his involvement in the case and provided additional information about the crash incident, according to which it is not a hoax.

Crash Incident

Both the police and news investigators took the incident seriously from the outset. Just before midnight on April 30, 2023, numerous skywatchers across multiple Western States observed a bright fireball streaking across the heavens. Around the same time, a police officer captured footage of the colorful object on his body camera, and a nearby ring camera recorded an unusual sound resembling a crash.

On May 1, 2023, Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department received a distressing call from a terrified family. In a ranch-style home close to the crash site, a family, consisting of two brothers and their father, was engaged in vehicle repairs in their yard. Suddenly, they caught sight of a sparkling object hurtling toward the ground, followed by what they described as a shockwave.

Witness Account

One of the witnesses, a 16-year-old teenager named “Angel,” reported that the area where the object landed appeared obscured and blurry, almost as if concealed by an unknown form of camouflage. Their curiosity led them to peer into the yard, where they were confronted by a sight that prompted them to urgently contact emergency services. They described the creatures as large, measuring between 9 and 10 feet tall, with notable features such as big eyes and shiny, non-human mouths. Angel emphasized their alien-like appearance, unable to find adequate words to describe them.

Angel presents video evidence from police body cameras and a nearby ring camera, providing glimpses of the incident. The footage, albeit blurry, captures the intensity of the event and supports Angel’s account. He highlights specific moments in the videos where the creature is barely discernible but clearly present, further validating his claims.

Describing the creature in detail, Angel recollects its tall and slender frame, sporting a gray-greenish hue. When he locked eyes with it, his body froze, reminiscent of sleep paralysis experiences. The creature had distinctive features, including peculiar feet, a large face with eyes, and a sizeable mouth. Angel recalls the creature’s loud, deep breathing, which resonated with his entire being.

Overcoming the temporary paralysis, Angel sprinted toward the safety of his house, urgently dialing 911 to report the unearthly encounter. The 911 call records his distress and desperation, as he tries to convey the presence of two enormous, non-human entities in his backyard. Meanwhile, a cacophony of footsteps and whispered voices echoed in the background, further amplifying the sense of unease.

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (Metro Police) initially contemplated sending a crisis intervention team to assist the shaken witness. However, upon receiving further information from other officers, they treated the incident seriously. Two officers arrived at the scene 38 minutes after the distress call, exercising caution and even managing nervous laughter.

The officers ventured into the backyard, discovering a perfectly formed circular impression on the ground, mysterious aftermath of the encounter.

Several days later, two Metro sergeants returned to the location to conduct follow-up inquiries. The family also claimed to have observed individuals in suits and sunglasses driving a government-plated car slowly past their house. However, Nellis and Creech, nearby military installations, denied any involvement or interest in the incident.

As the officers conducted their investigation, one of them expressed his own astonishment, stating that his partner had witnessed a similar light falling from the sky. This newfound validation encouraged the officers to take the situation seriously, engaging in further inquiries and canvassing the neighborhood for additional witness accounts.

Remarkably, before departing, one officer advised Angel that if he ever encountered the creatures again, he should refrain from contacting the police and instead protect himself by any means necessary. This chilling advice underscores the gravity of the situation and the officers’ own apprehension.

With the police’s departure, Angel and his family retreated indoors, seeking solace in prayer. However, their respite was abruptly shattered when an unnerving, human-like scream pierced the night from the backyard. The harrowing experience left the family shaken, questioning the nature of the events that unfolded before them.

Las Vegas Story is Not Hoax

Doug Poppa has been closely following the story of the mysterious object falling from the sky and the subsequent claims of encounters with aliens in a Las Vegas backyard. He was the first person to interview the family involved in the incident. Poppa conducted an interview with the family who made the initial call to the police, and they informed him that the law enforcement authorities installed surveillance cameras outside their home to protect them from UFO enthusiasts.

Note: 

• Poppa is an independent investigative journalist. He has authored more than 160 articles on the 2017 Las Vegas Massacre that were published by the Baltimore Post-Examiner. He is a former NYPD Auxiliary Police Officer, U.S. Army Military Police veteran, and former law enforcement officer. In 1986, he was the LCSO Criminal Investigator of the Year. He served 18 years in the Las Vegas hotel-casino industry as an investigator and Director of Security and Surveillance and worked for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

While Poppa remains somewhat skeptical about the incident, he acknowledges that the family appears to be credible. In his tweet, he sarcastically questioned the Las Vegas Metro Police Department’s disbelief in the video camera surveillance system he recorded at the residence, emphasizing the extensive measures taken by the Technical and Surveillance Squad.

Read also:

• Man Worked In Antarctica Saw Powerful Machines To Contact Alien Crafts In Deep Space
• Ex-Pentagon David Grusch Claims We Are Definitely In Contact With Aliens & They’ve Hurt Humans
• Ex-CIA Officer Encountered With Reptilian Alien; Says Reptilian Race Walking Among Us
• Whitley Strieber’s Alien Abduction & Stranger Who Told Him ‘Mankind Is Trapped

According to local TV channel 8 News Now, an officer’s camera captured the object at around 11:50 PM local time, following a report from a resident about a non-human presence on their property. In an audio recording obtained by the TV channel, the homeowner described an eight-foot figure and another entity with big eyes inside their house, emphasizing that the beings were still present.

Poppa expressed his surprise at the police installing expensive video equipment to respond to a UFO report, stating that it is unusual for law enforcement to take such measures in such cases. His doubts and observations contribute to the ongoing intrigue surrounding the incident, raising questions about the authenticity and nature of the reported encounters.

During one of the interviews, Doug Poppa observed a peculiar occurrence. While interviewing Angel, the teenager who recorded YouTube videos about the incident, there was a mysterious female voice on the phone with Angel, instructing him to obtain Doug Poppa’s license plate. This strange interaction added an intriguing element to the investigation.

In an interview with News Nation on June 15, 2023, Poppa confirms that he recently spoke with the family and shared his experience with them. He mentions that Angel has been facing intense scrutiny and backlash on social media. The family, being Hispanic, has also received threats and derogatory comments. Poppa expresses his disappointment and highlights the need for respect and understanding.

Poppa emphasizes that three members of the family, including Angel, his brother, and their father, witnessed the strange creatures. He points out that during his interactions with the family, their accounts remained consistent, which he finds significant in assessing their credibility. As an experienced investigator with 40 years of experience, Doug Poppa made efforts to gauge the authenticity of their claims but found no reason to doubt their story.

Regarding evidence, Doug Poppa mentions that Angel posted a video on his YouTube channel, but many people have criticized and analyzed it extensively. He notes that the Baltimore Post-Examiner was the first to publish a photo of the impression left in the soil, which Angel captured on the night of the incident. Additionally, Poppa obtained a photograph from Angel showing two sergeants from the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department who allegedly returned to speak with the family a few days after the initial incident.

Doug Poppa also discusses the installation of surveillance cameras on the family’s roof. These cameras were reportedly installed by the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department’s Homeland Security division for the family’s protection. However, Poppa finds it peculiar that the cameras had been removed a few days before he returned to the residence on May 27th.

Poppa highlights the ongoing investigation and the need for further verification of certain aspects, such as the location of the ring camera mentioned in social media posts. He expresses his commitment to continuing his investigation into the incident and implies that there is more to uncover.

To be noted:

• According to NASA’s planetary defense officer Lindley Johnson, the green fireball observed in Las Vegas last month was most likely a bright meteor less than a meter in size and not a UFO that fell in anyone’s backyard. Johnson clarified that the object was high in the atmosphere and hundreds of miles away from Las Vegas when it was spotted, so nothing from the meteor landed in anyone’s backyard. He explained that NASA’s Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) captures reports for objects estimated to exceed 1 meter in size based on the observed energy released. Therefore, smaller objects like the green fireball may not be included in NASA’s records. (Source)

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19-06-2023 om 00:40 geschreven door peter