Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
19-07-2023
Divers encounter enormous ‘doomsday"' deep sea fish off the coast of Ruifang, Taiwan
Divers encounter enormous ‘doomsday"' deep sea fish off the coast of Ruifang, Taiwan
Divers off Taiwan were mesmerized after encountering a giant oarfish off the coast of Ruifang, Taiwan.
In the enchanting footage, divers can be seen encircling the shimmery silver critter as it hovers near the surface. At one point, one of the divers reaches out and touches the alleged doomsaying denizen of the deep.
Remarkable, the oar fish had several round bite marks believed to have been caused by a shark.
Diving instructor Wang Checng-Ru said that the oarfish must have been dying so it swam into shallower waters, however, locals believe this creature, which typically inhabit depths ranging from 656 to 3200 feet below the ocean's surface, is a harbinger of an impending earthquake or other misfortune.
Harvard Scientist Suggests Potential Discovery of Alien Technology
Harvard Scientist Suggests Potential Discovery of Alien Technology
In a stirring announcement from Harvard, a team of intrepid researchers, led by the renowned Professor Avi Loeb, claimed to have potentially unearthed fragments of what could be alien technology. The fragments were meticulously retrieved from a meteor that plunged into the ocean near Papua New Guinea in 2014.
A typical morning turned into a historic moment when an enigmatic meteor was found to contain unexpected materials. This ground-breaking discovery could reshape our understanding of the cosmos and bring us closer to answering the age-old question: are we alone in the universe?
Instead of peering into the abyss of the cosmos through telescopes, these researchers have switched to a micro-scale approach, investigating under microscopes. The microscopic explorers of the universe have discovered a multitude of metallic spheres amidst the recovered debris. These metallic marbles from the depths of the ocean floor have captured the imagination of scientists across the globe.
Identifying these materials proved a challenging feat, as the team had to filter out minuscule particles from magnetic material collected from the ocean floor. While this might sound like a scene from a science fiction movie, these determined researchers managed to acquire the material and then embark on an extensive examination to reveal its secrets.
Interestingly, it’s not just the size or shape of these spheres that’s fascinating. Data suggests that the strength of these meteorite fragments is significantly higher than the majority of space rocks cataloged by NASA. This raises a tantalizing question: could these fragments be of technological, rather than natural, origin? Could they be remains of some alien technology, zipping through interstellar space?
The mysterious nature of these fragments conjures up images of interstellar voyages, like NASA’s Voyager spacecraft. Imagine if Voyager was on a similar trajectory, colliding with a planet in a distant star system and disintegrating, leaving only traces of its existence that journey through the cosmos and ultimately land on an alien world. Could these microscopic fragments be the messengers of such a voyage, sent by an unknown civilization?
VIDEO:
CBS NEWS – Harvard professor believes he may have found alien technology
The speed at which this particular meteor moved – faster than 95% of stars in our solar vicinity – adds another layer of intrigue to this interstellar riddle. The meteor’s remnants that the team retrieved might contain clues to its astounding speed and unusual strength.
To add to the mystique, this is the first time an object from another solar system has been identified and retrieved by our planet’s residents. The meteor was roughly half a meter in size, and when it exploded above the Pacific Ocean, it released energy equivalent to a small percentage of the Hiroshima atomic bomb. The aftermath of this explosion left behind a trail of melted droplets, concentrated in a specific region of the ocean.
The real revelation, however, would be if these droplets could be proven to be artificial in origin. Imagine if we find traces of semiconductors or an unusually high concentration of rare elements, which are typically not found in such quantities in nature. This would be a game-changer, potentially pointing to an advanced civilization’s interstellar craft debris.
As scientists analyze the material and continue their quest for answers, one thing is certain: this investigation has the potential to be a historical turning point. Even if these fragments turn out to be of natural origin, we stand to learn much about the universe and our place in it. For now, we eagerly await the next chapter in this exciting voyage of discovery.
Pink disc seen from plane, Tennessee, May 24, 2023, UFO Sighting News. Video.
Pink disc seen from plane, Tennessee, May 24, 2023, UFO Sighting News. .
Date of sighting:May 24, 2023
Location of sighting: Over Tennessee, USA
Source: MUFON
This report just came in today. A person was on a passenger jet when they noticed that a pink glowing disk was outside. The disk is on top of the cloud ceiling and is brightly lit up. The footage reveals much about it. It shows the color, luminosity, size and shape of the craft. The size is close to that of a 747 jet. This UFO was caught during sunset, which is one of the best times to go out UFO hunting. The setting sun disrupts the cloak of the UFO due to the sun being below and at a right angle of the UFO. The cloak cannot function properly that way and is visible to people above the craft.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
While flying to ATL from DTW on May 24 between 8:30 and 9pm. I was sitting in a window seat and caught out the corner of my eye a bright ink disc just cursing long not to far off the right side. I recorded and took a pic of the sighting.
Two Orbs Caught On Animal Cam, May 28, 2023, UFO Sighting News
Two Orbs Caught On Animal Cam, May 28, 2023, UFO Sighting News
Date of sighting: May 28, 2023
Location of sighting: Nieuwschans, Netherlands
Watch this raw footage of an animal cam recording creatures going to the water hole for a drink. This little rat is seen twice trying to get a drink, but each time he get too frighted of these two flying orbs near him. Animals an sense things that humans cannot, they also often have great night vision so they can see in the dark the things that are hidden from our own eyes.
Aliens have long been a topic of controversy and fascination. However, are we edging closer to unveiling their mysterious presence on Earth? From ancient texts to unexplained artifacts, let’s delve into this extraterrestrial enigma, as we unpack revelations from an interview with Richard Lawrence, a noted UFO expert.
Ancient Alien Artifacts: The Undeniable Imprints
Ancient structures and artifacts across the globe have stirred debates among historians, archeologists, and alien enthusiasts alike. The Temple Mount in Jerusalem, the depths of the Aegean Sea, and Mt. Sinai in Egypt have all been focal points of such discussions. How could these complex, precise structures have been created with the limited technology of the time? Are they evidence of ancient alien interaction, or is there a more mundane explanation?
Unveiling the Unknown: Declassifying UFO Records
In recent years, there’s been a growing demand for governments worldwide to declassify UFO records. This demand has been fuelled in part by a persistent belief among a section of the public that governments are withholding truth about the existence of extraterrestrial life. This skepticism towards government transparency isn’t unfounded. Over time, it has been proven that governments, including the U.S., have indeed lied about UFO-related incidents.
As per Richard Lawrence, there’s a chance that governments across the world might be on the brink of revealing long-withheld information on UFOs, but it’s also a probability that these revelations might be tied up with defense policies, creating a barrier to complete transparency.
Alien Technology: Extraterrestrial Advantage or Manmade Marvel?
One of the intriguing aspects of the UFO narrative is the claim of alien technology being present on Earth. This theory proposes that advanced technology, capable of feats beyond our current scientific understanding, has either been given to us by extraterrestrial beings or reverse-engineered from captured alien spacecraft. This could encompass innovations related to sound or light speed, or even unprecedented materials that could be utilized in warfare.
This raises an intriguing question: could these technologies actually have an alien origin, or are they just the products of human ingenuity and scientific progression?
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs): More than just a Name
UAP is a term increasingly used by officials, replacing the popular term UFO. It’s still a term that refers to unexplained flying objects, but with a fresher, less stigmatized branding. But what’s in a name? Be it UFO or UAP, the major question remains the same – are they terrestrial or extraterrestrial?
Ancient Accounts: A Testimony to Alien Existence?
Ancient texts, like the Sanskrit records and the Bible, often narrate tales that could be interpreted as encounters with UFOs or extraterrestrial beings. UFO believers argue these records could be evidence of alien visitations in the past. However, the interpretation of these records is contentious, and skeptics often regard these as myth, not fact.
VIDEO:
Ancient Aliens: Top 3 Unbelievable Alien Artifacts (Season 19)
The extraterrestrial narrative is a captivating topic that continues to be debated globally. As we anticipate more transparency from governments and continue to examine ancient texts and artifacts, we might get closer to answering these mysteries. Until then, the debate between UFO skeptics and believers rages on. Whether these mysterious phenomena are the result of alien interaction or just misinterpreted natural occurrences is a question that continues to puzzle us. One thing is clear – our fascination with the possibility of life beyond Earth isn’t going away anytime soon.
UFO Expert Richard Lawrence: The Pentagon May Unveil Its UFO Secrets
UFO Expert Richard Lawrence: The Pentagon May Unveil Its UFO Secrets
In the world of ufology – the study of unidentified flying objects – there’s perhaps no name as instantly recognizable as Richard Lawrence. With a reputation steeped in decades of research and analysis, Lawrence has been at the forefront of the push for UFO transparency. The recent drive by US senators towards declassification of all government records regarding UFOs brings this conversation back into the limelight. Will we finally see what’s been lurking behind the curtain of government secrecy?
Lawrence, a stalwart figure in ufology, stands firm in his conviction that the truth may soon be revealed. This arises from the fact that the Pentagon, under bipartisan pressure, might have to disclose what they know about UFOs. Yet, the path to such disclosure raises more questions than answers. How much information will be revealed, and how long will we have to wait to see it?
Ever the skeptic, Lawrence refuses to shy away from the hard truths. He shares his skepticism about governments and their habitual shrouding of information related to UFOs. Historically, if you made the claim that governments were concealing the truth about UFOs, you were often labeled a conspiracy theorist. However, the narrative is gradually changing as governments are seen to be more open about their knowledge of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs), the current term used for UFOs.
Lawrence notes that, contrary to popular belief, this isn’t a modern conspiracy. There are countless references to UFO-like phenomena in ancient texts like the Sanskrit records and the Bible, hinting at a long history of extraterrestrial encounters. Interestingly, Lawrence points out that the term ‘star’ used in many historical contexts, could very well have been a reference to these mysterious flying objects.
VIDEO:
The Pentagon could be forced to declassify what it knows about UFOS | UFO expert Richard Lawrence
So, why has there been so much secrecy around UFOs? Lawrence posits that much of this can be tied to defense policies and a race among nations to harness this advanced technology. Evidence suggests that governments, not just in the US but worldwide, are scrambling to understand and potentially replicate the high-tech capabilities demonstrated by these phenomena.
Despite the veil of secrecy, the potential for UFO technology to advance our understanding of the universe is astounding. We’re looking at possibilities ranging from travel beyond the speed of sound to the discovery of new materials that could revolutionize industries. These possibilities can often overshadow the most existential questions: Who are they, and why are they here?
In this climate of increased transparency, the discussion around UFOs has been progressively destigmatized. Despite the skepticism that continues to surround the topic, there is hope that the impending declassification by the Pentagon will spark new conversations, leading to a better understanding of these mysterious phenomena.
In the wake of these revelations, one thing is clear – the call for truth has never been louder. As Richard Lawrence, and indeed the entire ufology community, wait with bated breath for more information to be revealed, it’s a reminder that the quest for knowledge is an ongoing journey. It’s a journey that spans not just our lifetimes, but the annals of history, ever reaching towards the stars.
The giant exoplanet MWC 758c offers a glimpse into the birth of alien solar systems.
(Left) A simulation shows a giant exoplanet diving the spiral arms around a star. (Right) The MWC 758 planetary system observed by the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI
(Image credit: K. Wagner et al./ L. Krapp and K. Kratter, University of Arizona)
Astronomers have discovered a giant alien planet that is shaping the spiral arms developing in gas and dust around its parent star.
The planet also happens to be the reddest planet outside the solar system, or 'exoplanet,' ever seen, scientists have said.
Spiral arms are structures usually associated with galaxies, with images of our spiral galaxy, the Milky Way, providing a striking example of such a structure. Spiral arms aren't limited to galaxies; gas and dust around young stars can also develop these features too.
This still from a simulation shows how the giant exoplanet MWC 758c is carving spiral arms of its parent star. (Image credit: L. Krapp and K. Kratter, University of Arizona)
Located around 500 light-years from Earth, the star, MWC 758, is estimated to be just a few million years old, practically an infant in comparison to our 'middle-aged' sun, which is around 4.6 billion years old.
And just as the sun was in its infancy, MWC 758 is surrounded by a disk of planet-birthing material called a protoplanetary disk. But since at least 2013, astronomers have been aware of a spiral pattern forming two arms in this protoplanetary disk. University of Arizona researchers now think that those twin spiral arms are the work of a massive planet, dubbed MWC 758c, which orbits the star at a distance equivalent to 100 times the distance between Earth and the sun.
"Our study puts forward a solid piece of evidence that these spiral arms are caused by giant planets," research lead author and University of Arizona Steward Observatory postdoc Kevin Wagner said in a statement. "And with the new James Webb Space Telescope, we will be able to further test and support this idea by searching for more planets like MWC 758c."
The MWC 758 planetary system as observed by the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer at infrared wavelengths. Its spiral arms are clearly apparent, as its the giant exoplanet sculpting them. (Image credit: L. Krapp and K. Kratter, University of Arizona)
Protoplanetary disks like this one and the one that once formed the solar system usually take around 10 million years to dissipate. The debris comprising them can either be ejected from the system, can be swallowed by the infant star, or can be used as the building blocks for planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.
"I think of this system as an analogy for how our own solar system would have appeared less than 1% into its lifetime," Wagner said. "Jupiter, being a giant planet, also likely interacted with and gravitationally sculpted our own disk billions of years ago, which eventually led to the formation of Earth."
Spiral arms in protoplanetary disks are fairly common. Of 30 disks identified in relatively nearby young star systems, astronomers have found around 10 have their own spiral arms.
"Spiral arms can provide feedback on the planet formation process itself," Wagner said. "Our observation of this new planet further supports the idea that giant planets form early on, accreting mass from their birth environment, and then gravitationally alter the subsequent environment for other, smaller planets to form."
The leading theory is that these spiral arms are sculpted when a massive gas giant pulls on material swirling around its parent star. Until now, however, astronomers have failed to spot the planets that could be acting as cosmic sculptors for these arms.
"It was an open question as to why we hadn't seen any of these planets yet," Wagner said. "Most models of planet formation suggest that giant planets should be very bright shortly after their formation, and such planets should have already been detected."
How a spiral arms dealer remained hidden
If MWC 758c is enshrouded by a large amount of dust, this material would be absorbing short-wavelength light resulting in the planet appearing bright only at longer red wavelengths.
If the exoplanet is surrounded by a great deal of dust, this may indicate that it is still forming or even that it is in the process of gathering its own moons as the solar system gas giant Jupiter did billions of years ago.
"In the other scenario of a colder planet surrounded by less dust, the planet is fainter and emits more of its light at longer wavelengths," research co-author and University of Arizona theoretical astrophysicist Kaitlin Kratter said.
If this chillier model for MWC 758c is correct, this means that there may be something happening in young planetary systems such as this that results in planets being colder than expected when they form. This might have an impact on planet formation models and on the techniques that astronomers currently use to hunt exoplanets.
"In either case, we now know that we need to start looking for redder protoplanets in these systems that have spiral arms," Wagner said.
The researchers behind the detection of MWC 758c will now view the exoplanet with the JWST in 2024 in an effort to distinguish between potential scenarios at work in this infant planetary system.
The MWC 758 planetary system is shown directly imaged by the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) in infrared wavelengths. Theoretical models suggest that the newly discovered exoplanet, MWC 758C, is likely producing spiral arms in the protoplanetary disk encircling the young star.
"Depending on the results that come from the JWST observations, we can begin to apply this newfound knowledge to other stellar systems," Wagner said, "and that will allow us to make predictions about where other hidden planets might be lurking and will give us an idea as to what properties we should be looking for in order to detect them."
Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com.
Four Glowing Objects Over Dallas, Texas 7-4-2023, UFO Sighting News.
Four Glowing Objects Over Dallas, Texas 7-4-2023, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: 7-4-2023 Location of sighting: Dallas, Texas, USA Source: MUFON
This interesting video just came in last night. Four egg shaped UFOs were seen over Dallas and they moved swiftly away and out of sighting. The objects were white glowing objects and were too bright to see any details. UFOs frequent the Texas area, for instance the 300 meter rectangle UFO flying low over Stephenville just a few years ago seen by thousands of residents. These glowing white eggs are alien craft.
Scott Waring
Eyewitness states:
I was driving home right off I-35 when I saw 3 orb like objects in the early night sky. I pulled out my phone and began filming these objects with my phone. As I observed further, I noticed a 4th object suddenly appear. They broke the triangle formation and went into a horizontal hover. As I kept driving closer to the objects, the 4th one appeared directly in front of me within seconds of being on my left. I came to a stop sign. I observed and listened. I saw a helicopter near the object that appeared near me, but did not get that on film. The object began hovering closer to me. From my past experiences, I assumed I would be taken and placed back with missing time like I was before. It is woth mentioning I've had many sightings of UFOs, encounters with various beings, and up to 12 hours of missing time. I've seen these beings, "the Greys" fully manifest these egg crafts with harmonic and tonal frequencies, along with the advanced use of psionic technology.
I was looking through some Mars rover photos and found this odd structure built under a leaning rock area. The odd part is it looks like a deliberately built column or support for a structure. Its looks possible that this object it is holding up is more than a rock, but a structure itself.
0
1
2
3
4
5
- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
UFO Caught On Security Cam, West Beach, British Columbia Canada. UFO Sighting News. July 9, 2023
UFO Caught On Security Cam, West Beach, British Columbia Canada. UFO Sighting News. July 9, 2023
Date of sighting: July 9, 2023
Location of sighting: Idaho, Washington and BC Canada.
Watch this security cam catch as a glowing object too slow to be a meteor and has no tail or fragmentation like most meteors have. The UFO is seen moving across the sky, at an angle of about 45 degrees. It's seen passing behind the mountains where it disappears. The object looks big, about the size of a 727 passenger jet, but it's flat and disk-like. We view it from below so we only see its bottom, but it blinding light makes the roundness less defined. This UFO is headed into Canada airspace and likely landed to enter an alien base in the distant mountains. I looked into that area where it was aimed and it led me to a small lake about 3 miles from West Bench, British Colombia. I think that small lake is where it entered entered a tunnel below the lake that went about 4 miles below the earths surface to an alien city.
Faces, they tell us much about the alien species that created them. Sure my masters degree in counseling knows it's not pareidolia (seeing things that are not there), because it is there. The amateur who has never searched for ancient artifacts in photos will not see anything. It take time, dedication and patience. This face is very interesting to me. It's similar to a human face, but its warn and been there for millions of years. Long before the human race ever existed. Just like the face on Mars at Cydonia I discovered over 37 years ago (the discovery was announced and then stolen from me.) This face was made by the same species as the famous face on Mars. Same species, same features. It is identical. 100% proof that ancient aliens did once exist on our moon and Mars at the same time.
Doors, they always take to an unknown mystery, an unknown place, a new adventure. This door is about 2 meters from top to bottom. It's absolutely perfectly symmetrical with four right angles. Whats the chance that a perfect square entrance would be found on Mars? Well, if you know what I know, then the odds would be high. NASA is really not only avoiding doing its job, but intentionally negligent, in order to keep both the public and other countries in the dark about the existence of intelligent life. For if they knew aliens exist so close to earth, a race for trade agreements would begin. First for weapons, then technology and other things...to gain dominance on Earth for which ever nation achieves the most trades.
I also found an ancient bowl about 1 foot across. Its rim still intact and it reminds me of the ancient bowls American Indians made from clay.
0
1
2
3
4
5
- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 17/07/2023
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 17/07/2023
The Iranian Navy Unsuccessful Attempted To Shoot Down A Ufo Over Bandar-e Anzali. July 13, 2023
This event happen near Anzali Port on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. Bandar-e Anzali is the capital of Gilan province in Iran. On July 13, 2023 the Iranian Navy Attempted to shoot down this object and failed. In the footages it seem that the rounds where being deflected as some seem to be on target and blown up in front of the object and after all the firing the UFO just disappeared.
RELATED
NASA Just Confirmed: All Life Elements Found on Saturn's Moon Enceladus
NASA has made a stunning discovery on the icy moon of Saturn, Enceladus. From the Cassini data, they have discovered that the moon is spewing out phosphorus, one of the key chemical elements required for the existence of life. And possibly, the phosphorus concentration in the subsurface oceans of Enceladus is hundreds of times higher than in Earth’s oceans. With this, all the major chemical elements required for claiming habitability have now been found on the moon. This discovery has made Enceladus the most promising place where life could exist in the solar system beyond Earth.
So, how did NASA make this exciting discovery? Why is phosphorus considered to be a key ingredient of life? Finally, and most importantly, how will this discovery impact our course of future missions to Saturn?
The 67th episode of the Sunday Discovery Series answers all these questions in detail.
Scientists Reveal That Our Universe Is 27 Billion Years Old, Not 13.8 Billion! Here’s How
*How old is our universe?* This is one of the most fundamental questions in cosmology, and we thought we had the answer: about 13.8 billion years. But what if we are wrong? What if our universe is twice as old as we thought, and that changes everything we know about its history and evolution?
In this video, we will explore a shocking new discovery that suggests that our universe is 27 billion years old, and what it means for our understanding of the cosmos. We will also look at some of the mysteries and puzzles that led scientists to question the age of the universe in the first place, and how they used a new model to solve them.
We will talk about how the James Webb Space Telescope has discovered early galaxies that seem to be far too advanced for their age, and how this challenges our theories about the origin and evolution of galaxies. We will also discuss how this new study can affect some of the fundamental questions and mysteries that we have about the universe, such as what happened before the Big Bang, what is the shape and size of the universe, and what is the destiny and fate of the universe.
This video is based on a new study by Rajendra Gupta, a physicist from the University of Ottawa, who claims that our universe is not 13.8 billion years old, but 27 billion years old. His study is published in Physical Review D in November 2021.
RELATED
Mohenjo-Daro: Proof of an Ancient Nuclear Bomb or Not?
Mohenjo-Daro was built around 4,600 years ago. Equipped with remarkable civil engineering and urban planning, Mohenjo-Daro was the most advanced city of its time and the largest urban center of the Indus Valley Civilization. It was one of the world's oldest major cities, contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and Minoan Crete. This spectacular city prospered for 800 years and is thought to have reached a population of approximately 40,000.
When the Indus civilization went into sudden decline around 1900 -1800 BC, Mohenjo-Daro was abandoned. The formerly glorious metropolis was buried by sediments and thereby stayed invisible and undocumented for 3700 years until the 1920s. During its modern rediscovery, about 40 skeletons were found within layers of rubble and debris, some lying in streets in contorted positions, which suggested the agonies of violent death.
Early excavators proposed that these people might have been victims of a massacre caused by the Aryan invasion. Later on, a variety of researchers made an extraordinary claim that an ancient nuclear war was the culprit of the fall of Mohenjo-Daro. Some stated that there is indisputable evidence of ancient atomic warfare, which can be found throughout the region. Such alleged evidence includes that the skeletons in the Indus valley are among the most radioactive ever found, on par with remains at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At one site, Soviet scholars found a skeleton which had a radioactive level 50 times greater than normal. In one nearby area the radioactivity is so excessive that residents there have high rates of cancer and birth defects. The huge masses of walls and foundations of the ancient city are fused together, literally vitrified by intense heat. Others referred to a purported paragraph from the ancient Hindu epic Mahabharata, which speaks of doom in the war that eerily resembles a nuclear destruction.
From all of this, it surely points to a possible ancient atomic war that ended the city of Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus valley civilization. However, are these pieces of so-called evidence true or misinformation? What if I told you that the key elements of this ancient nuclear war are fiction rather than fact? That there is no legitimate evidence of such a war ever occurring in the Bronze Age, and that the discovered human remains neither died of a nuclear blast nor massacre? So, what happened? Why are these skeletons, both adults and children, found onsite in seemingly chaotic states? What kind of information they might reveal on the perplexing termination of the Indus valley civilization?
Joe Rogan Just Announced Sudden Discovery Under The Eye Of The Sahara Desert!
Joe Rogan Just Announced Sudden Discovery Under The Eye Of The Sahara Desert!
It is a fact that the Sahara Desert is one of the most mysterious places in the world, but the eye of the Sahara seems to hold even darker secrets which Joe Rogan finally brings to light. You will be shocked at the recent discoveries made under it, as long-hidden secrets about the Legendary Atlantis get revealed. What is the connection between these places? Has Atlantis finally been discovered? Keep watching to find out.
What Elon Musk Just Revealed About UFOs Is Terrifying And Should Concern All Of Us!
In this captivating video, we delve into the recent revelations made by Elon Musk about UFOs that have sent shockwaves through the world. Join us as we explore the implications, concerns, and questions raised by Musk's acknowledgment of these unidentified flying objects.
Elon Musk, the visionary entrepreneur behind SpaceX and Tesla, has publicly acknowledged the existence of UFOs, asserting that they are likely not of extraterrestrial origin but rather advanced technology from Earth. This revelation has ignited a wave of curiosity and concern, prompting us to question the true nature of these mysterious objects.
In this thought-provoking discussion, we delve into the terrifying possibilities that arise from Musk's revelations. We explore the implications for national security, including the potential for secretive organizations or governments possessing advanced technologies beyond our imagination. The ramifications of such technologies being used for militarization or destabilizing conflicts are deeply unsettling.
Furthermore, we examine the risks associated with misinterpretation, considering the potential panic and fear that may arise if these advanced technologies are mistaken for extraterrestrial contact. The lack of transparency surrounding these advancements only adds to the urgency of the situation.
Beyond the immediate concerns, we contemplate the broader societal impact and paradigm shift that Musk's revelations bring. Our understanding of what is technologically possible is challenged, and we are forced to question the boundaries of human innovation. This opens up a world of ethical considerations, such as the need for transparency, accountability, and responsible use of power.
Join us as we dive into the necessity of public awareness and discussion surrounding UFOs and advanced technologies. We explore the role of media in responsibly reporting on these matters and emphasize the importance of scientific investigation and collaboration to gain a clearer understanding of these phenomena.
Elon Musk's revelations about UFOs provoke us to contemplate the potential for technological leapfrogging, the impact on privacy and surveillance, and the environmental implications of these advanced technologies. We also consider the ongoing search for extraterrestrial intelligence and the importance of skepticism and critical thinking in navigating this complex landscape.
Don't miss this captivating video that sheds light on Elon Musk's terrifying UFO revelations and the profound implications they hold for humanity. Join the conversation and broaden your understanding of the unknown as we explore the potential risks, ethical dilemmas, and opportunities that lie ahead.
This Man Noticed Something Big Show Up Above This City But Couldn't Explain What It Was
This man noticed something big show up above this city but couldn't explain what it was. This man spotted this in the sky but couldn't explain what it was.
This unusual photo has started to circulate on the internet, displaying a sizable object being lit up by the Moon's glow.
This occurrence took place over the United States, and witnesses described it as a flawless rectangular shape.
What makes this sighting perplexing is the fact that it is not the first time that such a rectangular object has been observed.
In China, residents have reported a similar sighting above the Shandong province, an area renowned for peculiar sightings.
Thank you for watching!
NASA Chief Scientist Just Made A Big Announcement & Let Slip The Truth About What's Going On At NASA
NASA chief scientists just made a big announcement & let slip the truth about what's going on at NASA. This NASA scientists revealed what's happening at NASA.
In the landscape of space exploration, one organization towers above the rest: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA.
Established in 1958, NASA has been at the forefront of efforts to explore outer space, resulting in an adventurous history that expands over six decades.
The first significant achievement in NASA's timeline came in 1961 when Alan Shepard became the first American in space.
This was quickly followed by President John F. Kennedy's bold promise to put a man on the moon before the end of the decade, setting the stage for the historic Apollo program.
Thank you for watching!
Webb’s First Year of Science: Stunning Images and Data from the Infrared Universe
In this video, we will show you some of the amazing images and data that the James Webb Space Telescope has produced in its first year of science operations, covering topics such as star formation, our solar system, exoplanets, and galaxies. We will also talk about a new image from Webb that shows a small star-forming region in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, a nearby nursery of stars and planets. This video is a continuation of our previous video where we talked about how Webb discovered the oldest stars, galaxies, and black hole in the universe. Join us as we explore the wonders of the infrared universe with Webb, the most powerful and complex space telescope ever built.
The Harvard Psychiatrist Engrossed in Extraterrestrial Encounters
The Harvard Psychiatrist Engrossed in Extraterrestrial Encounters
In the labyrinthine halls of science, few have dared to traverse the controversial path of UFO (Unidentified Flying Object) research. Dr. John Mack, a respected professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, is one of those daring pioneers whose exploration into the alien abduction phenomenon has stirred both intrigue and controversy. The narrative of Dr. Mack’s journey, described in detail by Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ralph Blumenthal in his book “The Believer: Alien Encounters, Hard Science, and the Passion of John Mack”, offers a captivating lens into the life of a man willing to challenge conventional wisdom and orthodoxy.
John Mack first ventured into UFO research in 1990 after encountering the works of Bud Hopkins, a UFO abduction researcher. Mack referred to those claiming to have been taken by aliens as “experiencers” rather than “abductees”, a reflection of his non-judgmental and humanistic approach. Within less than two years, he had organized a lecture at Harvard, introducing several experiencers and sharing a chilling account of a woman claiming her pregnancy had been taken by alien beings.
However, Mack’s unconventional research path was met with staunch opposition from his Harvard colleagues, who saw it as unscientific and lacking empirical evidence. His attempts to publish his findings in academic journals were also met with resistance due to the complexity of the subject matter. The New England Journal of Medicine, for instance, would not even open his submission envelope. Mack believed that an article was not enough to capture the nuances of his research. Instead, he saw the need for a book-length exploration of the phenomenon.
The Harvard administration launched an investigation into Mack’s work in 1994, shortly after the publication of his book. The investigation highlighted a clash of world views: the empirical, reductionist perspective of the Harvard committee and Mack’s open-minded exploration of anecdotal but compelling evidence from experiencers. Despite the committee’s insistence that the unprovable does not exist, Mack maintained his stance, arguing that something was indeed happening, though it defied traditional scientific explanation.
Ultimately, Mack emerged from the investigation unscathed. He was allowed to continue his research without sanctions, although he was cautioned to temper his enthusiasm. This event demonstrated his steadfast character, a quality reflected in his writings, speeches, and personal life. Despite the admonitions, Mack remained passionately devoted to his research until his untimely death in a car accident in 2004.
VIDEO:
The Harvard Psychiatrist Obsessed with Alien Abduction | Ralph Blumenthal
The saga of Dr. John Mack underscores the complexity of navigating unconventional research paths within traditional academic settings. His work challenges the typical boundaries of scientific materialism and pushes us to consider possibilities that might lie beyond our understanding. As we continue to explore the unknown, his story serves as a beacon, reminding us of the courage it takes to pursue truth, regardless of the opposition.
John Mack’s passion and dedication towards UFO research not only pushed boundaries but also encouraged others to question, explore and unravel the mysteries of the universe. His story remains an inspiration for those willing to tread off beaten paths and is a testament to the endless human curiosity that drives us to understand our place in the cosmos. His enduring legacy encourages us to always seek the truth, no matter how unconventional or daunting it might seem.
UFO BOMBSHELL & LIVE REACTION RICHARD DOLAN, DANNY SHEEHAN, LINDA MOULTON HOWE
UFO BOMBSHELL & LIVE REACTION RICHARD DOLAN, DANNY SHEEHAN, LINDA MOULTON HOWE
On June 5, 2023, a major new breaking story occurred in the UFO/UAP field concerning the allegations of a significant new whistleblower, David Grusch. This is covered in an article from the Debrief by Leslie Kean and Ralph Blumenthal, who previously wrote important UFO pieces for the New York Times. Grusch has stated that there is definitely a UFO crash retrieval program in existence and has been around for many decades. Moreover, it is subject to international rivalries. There is much more in the article, which is linked below. Richard Dolan was at the Contact in the Desert UFO conference when the story broke and incorporated the news into his final lecture there. This video includes an introduction to the news by Richard, along with clips from his lecture, then the breaking news story, then discussion with attorney Danny Sheehan, and finally comments by researcher Linda Moulton Howe. Historical events and reactions.
Webb Celebrates First Year of Science With Close-up on Birth of Sun-like Stars
Webb Celebrates First Year of Science With Close-up on Birth of Sun-like Stars
The first anniversary image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope displays star birth like it’s never been seen before, full of detailed, impressionistic texture. The subject is the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, the closest star-forming region to Earth. It is a relatively small, quiet stellar nursery, but you’d never know it from Webb’s chaotic close-up. Jets bursting from young stars crisscross the image, impacting the surrounding interstellar gas and lighting up molecular hydrogen, shown in red. Some stars display the telltale shadow of a circumstellar disk, the makings of future planetary systems. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Klaus Pontoppidan (STScI)
From our cosmic backyard in the solar system to distant galaxies near the dawn of time, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has delivered on its promise of revealing the universe like never before in its first year of science operations. To celebrate the completion of a successful first year, NASA has released Webb’s image of a small star-forming region in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex.
“In just one year, the James Webb Space Telescope has transformed humanity’s view of the cosmos, peering into dust clouds and seeing light from faraway corners of the universe for the very first time. Every new image is a new discovery, empowering scientists around the globe to ask and answer questions they once could never dream of,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. “Webb is an investment in American innovation but also a scientific feat made possible with NASA’s international partners that share a can-do spirit to push the boundaries of what is known to be possible. Thousands of engineers, scientists, and leaders poured their life’s passion into this mission, and their efforts will continue to improve our understanding of the origins of the universe – and our place in it.”
The new Webb image released today features the nearest star-forming region to us. Its proximity at 390 light-years allows for a highly detailed close-up, with no foreground stars in the intervening space.
“On its first anniversary, the James Webb Space Telescope has already delivered upon its promise to unfold the universe, gifting humanity with a breathtaking treasure trove of images and science that will last for decades,” said Nicola Fox, associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. “An engineering marvel built by the world’s leading scientists and engineers, Webb has given us a more intricate understanding of galaxies, stars, and the atmospheres of planets outside of our solar system than ever before, laying the groundwork for NASA to lead the world in a new era of scientific discovery and the search for habitable worlds.”
Webb’s image shows a region containing approximately 50 young stars, all of them similar in mass to the Sun, or smaller. The darkest areas are the densest, where thick dust cocoons still-forming protostars. Huge bipolar jets of molecular hydrogen, represented in red, dominate the image, appearing horizontally across the upper third and vertically on the right. These occur when a star first bursts through its natal envelope of cosmic dust, shooting out a pair of opposing jets into space like a newborn first stretching her arms out into the world. In contrast, the star S1 has carved out a glowing cave of dust in the lower half of the image. It is the only star in the image that is significantly more massive than the Sun.
“Webb’s image of Rho Ophiuchi allows us to witness a very brief period in the stellar lifecycle with new clarity. Our own Sun experienced a phase like this, long ago, and now we have the technology to see the beginning of another’s star’s story,” said Klaus Pontoppidan, who served as Webb project scientist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, since before the telescope’s launch and through the first year of operations.
Some stars in the image display tell-tale shadows indicating protoplanetary disks – potential future planetary systems in the making.
A Full Year, Across the Full Sky
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has produced the deepest and sharpest infrared image of the distant universe to date. Known as Webb’s First Deep Field, this image of galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 is overflowing with detail.Thousands of galaxies – including the faintest objects ever observed in the infrared – have appeared in Webb’s view for the first time.
From its very first deep field image, unveiled by President Joe Biden, Vice President Kamala Harris, and Nelson live at the White House, Webb has delivered on its promise to show us more of the universe than ever before. However, Webb revealed much more than distant galaxies in the early universe.
“The breadth of science Webb is capable of exploring really becomes clear now, when we have a full year’s worth of data from targets across the sky,” said Eric Smith, associate director for research in the Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters and Webb program scientist. “Webb’s first year of science has not only taught us new things about our universe, but it has revealed the capabilities of the telescope to be greater than our expectations, meaning future discoveries will be even more amazing.” The global astronomy community has spent the past year excitedly poring over Webb’s initial public data and getting a feel for how to work with it.
Beyond the stunning infrared images, what really has scientists excited are Webb’s crisp spectra – the detailed information that can be gleaned from light by the telescope’s spectroscopic instruments. Webb’s spectra have confirmed the distances of some of the farthest galaxies ever observed, and have discovered the earliest, most distant supermassive black holes. They have identified the compositions of planet atmospheres (or lack thereof) with more detail than ever before, and have narrowed down what kinds of atmospheres may exist on rocky exoplanets for the first time. They also have revealed the chemical makeup of stellar nurseries and protoplanetary disks, detecting water, organic carbon-containing molecules, and more. Already, Webb observations have resulted in hundreds of scientific papers answering longstanding questions and raising new ones to address with Webb.
The breadth of Webb science is also apparent in its observations of the region of space we are most familiar with – our own solar system. Faint rings of gas giants appear out of the darkness, dotted by moons, while in the background Webb shows distant galaxies. By comparing detections of water and other molecules in our solar system with those found in the disks of other, much younger planetary systems, Webb is helping to build up clues about our own origins – how Earth became the ideal place for life as we know it.
"With a year of science under our belts, we know exactly how powerful this telescope is, and have delivered a year of spectacular data and discoveries,” said Webb Senior Project Scientist Jane Rigby of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. “We've selected an ambitious set of observations for year two — that builds on everything we've learned so far. Webb's science mission is just getting started — there's so much more to come."
The James Webb Space Telescope is the world's premier space science observatory. Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probing the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.
The new dating system doesn't change estimates of the moon's age as a whole, which remains around 4.53 billion years.
An image of Mare Imbrium taken from Apollo 17 in 1972. Left of centre is the Pytheas crater. Near the top is the Copernicus crater.
(Image credit: NSSDC/NASA)
The "Man in the Moon" is older than we thought.
Scientists have proposed resetting the lunar clock after reassessing impact craters on the surface of the moon. This means that some features of the moon, like the formation that makes up the face of the "Man in the Moon" formation could be 200 million years older than previously theorized.
The new dating system could help to better tell the story of the evolution of the lunar surface and has important implications for our understanding of the violent and turbulent early history of the solar system during which bodies like Earth and the moon were subject to intense bombardment by space rocks.
The new evaluation involved reexamining two separate ways of dating the lunar surface: Counting the number of craters caused by the impact of space rocks; and the assessment of moon rocks collected by the Apollo missions. These two dating methods have traditionally given different results, especially for the ages of the heavily cratered and mountainous highlands of the moon.
"We decided that we had to reconcile these differences, and that meant correlating individually dated Apollo samples to the number of craters in the sample site surrounding area — in effect, resetting the crater clock,' Centre for Planetary Habitability, University of Oslo, professor Stephanie Werner said during a talk at the Goldschmidt Geochemistry Conference in Lyon. "We also correlated them against spectroscopy data from various moon missions, especially the Indian Chandrayaan-1, to be sure which Apollo sample belongs to the surface in which we counted craters."
Like the moon, Earth also experienced a large number of impacts by space rocks during the turbulent early years of the solar system, but a similar crater-counting dating method wouldn't work on our planet. That's because geological processes like the shifting of tectonic plates have masked its impact record.
The moon, on the other hand, is fairly geologically inactive, and that means that rather than being eroded away, the record of the impacts it has experienced is frozen into the lunar surface.
"Looking at the signs of these impacts on the moon shows what Earth would be like without the geological churning of plate tectonics which took place here on Earth," Werner said. "What we have done is to show that large portions of the lunar crust are around 200 million years older than had been thought."
A lunar clock reset with a big impact
The team behind the findings explains that the new dating system doesn't change estimates of the moon's age as a whole, which remains around 4.53 billion years. Instead, it changes the age of all areas of the moon's surface but not in a uniform way; the new dating system suggests older areas are subject to the greatest shift in age due to the new system.
An example of the extreme age differences discovered by Werner and colleagues can be seen in the712-mile (1146 kilometers) wide Imbrium Basin, an ancient impact site that is believed to have been created when an asteroid the size of New Jersey hit the moon at some point in its distant past. The basin was filled with impact debris and volcanic materials after its formation, which created a vast lava plain called the Mare Imbrium.
An image of the moon shows the location of the Mare Imbrium basin. (Image credit: Srbauer/NASA/Robert Lea)
Previous estimates had placed the age of the asteroid impact at around 3.9 billion years, but the team's results pushed the strike and the creation of the Imbrium Basin back 200 million years to 4.1 billion years ago.
"This is an important difference. It allows us to push back in time an intense period of bombardment from space, which we now know took place before extensive volcanic activity that formed the 'Man in the moon' patterns — the mare volcanic plains, including Mare Imbrium," Werner said. "As this happened on the moon, the Earth was almost certain to have also suffered this earlier bombardment too."
University of Bayreuth researcher Audrey Bouvier was not involved in the work, but she explained how the moon provides unique records of the early bombardment history in the solar system and how this dating change could cause a rethink of our understanding of planetary evolution.
"Such a heavy bombardment period must have affected the origin and early evolution of life on Earth and potentially other planets such as Mars," Bouvier said in a statement. "Bringing back rock samples from Jezero Crater on Mars will be the next giant leap forward to search for signs of ancient life on another planet in the solar system, and when."
The team's research was presented at the Goldschmidt Conference held in Lyon, France, between July 9 and July 14. It has been accepted for publication in the Planetary Science Journal.
Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com.
When it comes to theearly universe, astronomers have many questions. One of which is, how did the first starsform?
Today’s generation of stars are forged with hydrogen and helium, which transform via nuclear fusion into energy until the star runs out of that supply. A star like the Sun will then collapse, heat up, inflate, and go supernova. The dust and gas it sprays into space will linger and could go on to form a new star and planets. But what happened in the beginning?
Astudypublished Tuesday in the journalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciencessuggests that NASA’sJames Webb Space Telescope(JWST) has already found an answer.
In December 2022, astronomers identified these three specks of light — called JADES-GS-z13-0, JADES-GS-z12-0, and JADES-GS-z11-0 — as ancient galaxies. But now, a team speculates they might actually be “supermassive dark stars.”
JWST can view regions of space that have never been seen before by human eyes. Its first year was packed with, among other exciting things, galaxy after galaxy peeking at us from the distant universe.
But a few of these objects might be something else — supermassive stars powered by invisible material called dark matter.
Light’s speed is finite. The farther away an object is, the longer its light takes to reach the instruments aboard JWST. Astronomers can witness scenes from the ancient universe in its images. They’re on the lookout for galactic precursors called protogalaxies. From these forebearers until now, galaxies retain the stuff that stars shed throughout their lifetimes, including the heavier elements that are essential to creating life. Knowing how they evolve is a major area of interest.
But as astronomers have scanned for protogalaxies on their quest to unpack our origins, they may, in fact, be looking at something else entirely: the Tuesday paper proposes that three hazy specks from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) are actually incredibly-hefty stars, bigger than anything in the modern universe.
They’re called dark stars, owing to an explanation that puts dark matter in the driver’s seat instead of nuclear fusion.
“Dark stars could theoretically grow to be several million times the mass of our Sun and up to 10 billion times as bright as the Sun,” according to a Thursday announcement about the paper.
REVEALING THE FIRST STARS
In the 20th century, galaxy scholars were confused by what they saw. Galaxies seem to have too little mass to stay together in a huddle. Eventually, an explanation would propose that the universe was full of a material that didn’t interact with light. And though this matter couldn’t be seen in telescopes, it had mass to help bind visible matter together.
JWST hasn’t seen the first stars — yet. But astronomers are optimistic that one day it will. And if these three supermassive dark star candidates are confirmed to be what researchers suspect, a deeper understanding of the cosmos will arise.
“The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is poised to revolutionize our understanding of the formation and properties of the first luminous objects in the universe,” researchers write in the study.
Dark matter is a foremost source of intrigue for modern astronomers. Missions like the recently-launched Euclid spacecraft and the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will study dark matter like never before.
When it comes to theearly universe, astronomers have many questions. One of which is, how did the first starsform?
Today’s generation of stars are forged with hydrogen and helium, which transform via nuclear fusion into energy until the star runs out of that supply. A star like the Sun will then collapse, heat up, inflate, and go supernova. The dust and gas it sprays into space will linger and could go on to form a new star and planets. But what happened in the beginning?
Astudypublished Tuesday in the journalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciencessuggests that NASA’sJames Webb Space Telescope(JWST) has already found an answer.
In December 2022, astronomers identified these three specks of light — called JADES-GS-z13-0, JADES-GS-z12-0, and JADES-GS-z11-0 — as ancient galaxies. But now, a team speculates they might actually be “supermassive dark stars.”
JWST can view regions of space that have never been seen before by human eyes. Its first year was packed with, among other exciting things, galaxy after galaxy peeking at us from the distant universe.
But a few of these objects might be something else — supermassive stars powered by invisible material called dark matter.
Light’s speed is finite. The farther away an object is, the longer its light takes to reach the instruments aboard JWST. Astronomers can witness scenes from the ancient universe in its images. They’re on the lookout for galactic precursors called protogalaxies. From these forebearers until now, galaxies retain the stuff that stars shed throughout their lifetimes, including the heavier elements that are essential to creating life. Knowing how they evolve is a major area of interest.
But as astronomers have scanned for protogalaxies on their quest to unpack our origins, they may, in fact, be looking at something else entirely: the Tuesday paper proposes that three hazy specks from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) are actually incredibly-hefty stars, bigger than anything in the modern universe.
They’re called dark stars, owing to an explanation that puts dark matter in the driver’s seat instead of nuclear fusion.
“Dark stars could theoretically grow to be several million times the mass of our Sun and up to 10 billion times as bright as the Sun,” according to a Thursday announcement about the paper.
REVEALING THE FIRST STARS
In the 20th century, galaxy scholars were confused by what they saw. Galaxies seem to have too little mass to stay together in a huddle. Eventually, an explanation would propose that the universe was full of a material that didn’t interact with light. And though this matter couldn’t be seen in telescopes, it had mass to help bind visible matter together.
JWST hasn’t seen the first stars — yet. But astronomers are optimistic that one day it will. And if these three supermassive dark star candidates are confirmed to be what researchers suspect, a deeper understanding of the cosmos will arise.
“The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is poised to revolutionize our understanding of the formation and properties of the first luminous objects in the universe,” researchers write in the study.
Dark matter is a foremost source of intrigue for modern astronomers. Missions like the recently-launched Euclid spacecraft and the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will study dark matter like never before.
Liquid Water on Rocky Planets Could be 100 Times More Likely
It’s easy to think of Earth as a water world, with its vast oceans and beautiful lakes, but compared to many worlds, Earth is particularly wet. Even the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn have far more liquid water than Earth. Earth is unusual not because it has liquid water, but because it has liquid water in the warm habitable zone of the Sun. And as a new study in Nature Communications shows, Earth could be even more unusual than we thought.
Water is one of the more common molecules in the universe. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the cosmos, and oxygen is easily produced as part of the stellar CNO fusion cycle. So we would expect water-rich planets to be plentiful in stellar systems. But that isn’t to say liquid water will be plentiful. In our solar system, two kinds of worlds have liquid water. Earth and gas giant moons.
Like other warm terrestrial planets such as Venus and Mars, Earth had liquid water in its youth. Mars was too small to retain its water. Much of it evaporated into space, while some froze into its surface crust. Venus was large enough to retain water, but its extreme heat boiled much of it off into its thick atmosphere. We still aren’t entirely sure how Earth managed to retain its oceans, but it was likely a combination of a strong magnetic field and an extra helping of water from asteroids and comets during the heavy bombardment period.
The icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn are another story. They were far enough from the Sun that they retained the water of their formation. They quickly formed a thick layer of ice to prevent water from evaporating into space. But these moons are small worlds and would have very quickly frozen solid were it not for the tidal forces exerted by their gas giant.
Since cold gas planets are likely to have icy moons, the general thought we would be far more likely to find life on a Europa-like world than an Earth-like one. But this new study begs to differ. It argues that liquid water is much more likely to be found on super-Earths.
How icy super-Earths could have liquid water oceans. Credit: Ojha, Lujendra, et al
Super-Earths span a mass range from a couple of Earth masses to Neptune mass. On the large end, they are likely to be gassy worlds with thick atmospheres. On the small end, they are likely to be more Earth-like. Based on the exoplanets we’ve found so far, super-Earths are by far the most common. And a majority of them are likely to be outside their star’s habitable zone in the cold regions of the star system. So they are likely water-rich. But they also aren’t likely to be found orbiting a gas giant, so it’s generally been assumed that their ice layer would be mostly frozen solid over time.
The reason has to do with the various freezing and melting points of ice. The kind of ice we have on Earth melts at around 0 °C. But this is only true at around Earth’s atmospheric pressure. At higher pressures, there are several varieties of ice with differing melting points. Although it’s a bit complicated, generally at higher pressures ice can have a much higher melting point. So even if a super-Earth is geologically active, it might not be warm enough to melt ice.
Number of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler mission as of May, 2016. Credit: W. Stenzel/NASA Ames
This new study shows that super-Earths don’t have to be hot enough to create a deep ocean. Through geothermal and nuclear heating it can melt a thin layer of water at its surface, and thanks to fissures and various water phase transitions water can creep up to the layer just below the frozen surface. This process would be enough to create a rich ocean layer of liquid water. Since the heat of a super-Earth lasts billions of years, it could maintain a liquid ocean long enough for life to evolve.
Based on what we know about exoplanets, super-Earth oceans could be 100x more common than those of Earth-like worlds or icy moons. And that means life has even more possible homes than we thought.
Beste bezoeker, Heb je zelf al ooit een vreemde waarneming gedaan, laat dit dan even weten via email aan Frederick Delaere opwww.ufomeldpunt.be. Deze onderzoekers behandelen jouw melding in volledige anonimiteit en met alle respect voor jouw privacy. Ze zijn kritisch, objectief maar open minded aangelegd en zullen jou steeds een verklaring geven voor jouw waarneming! DUS AARZEL NIET, ALS JE EEN ANTWOORD OP JOUW VRAGEN WENST, CONTACTEER FREDERICK. BIJ VOORBAAT DANK...
Druk op onderstaande knop om je bestand , jouw artikel naar mij te verzenden. INDIEN HET DE MOEITE WAARD IS, PLAATS IK HET OP DE BLOG ONDER DIVERSEN MET JOUW NAAM...
Druk op onderstaande knop om een berichtje achter te laten in mijn gastenboek
Alvast bedankt voor al jouw bezoekjes en jouw reacties. Nog een prettige dag verder!!!
Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
