Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
10-11-2023
What? Wow! That New Asteroid Image from Lucy Just Got Even More Interesting
Asteroid Dinkinesh and its satellite companions, the "kissing moons". These appear to be a contact binary. Courtesy NASA/JPL/SWRI
What? Wow! That New Asteroid Image from Lucy Just Got Even More Interesting
Lucy’s images of asteroid Dinkinesh are the gift that keeps on giving. First, it was the discovery of a smaller companion. Now, it turns out that the companion itself is a contact binary. That’s two smaller objects touching each other as they orbit with Dinkinesh. So, how did they get that way?
NASA describes the companion as “unanticipated”, although according to Lucy project scientist John Spencer, they’re actually pretty common in the solar system. “We just haven’t seen many up close, and we’ve never seen one orbiting another asteroid,” he said.
Spencer and the team thought there might be something odd about Dinkinesh, given that it was showing some pretty strange brightness variations as the spacecraft got closer. “It gave us a hint that Dinkinesh might have a moon of some sort, but we never suspected anything so bizarre!”
Dinkinesh itself is an interesting target and part of Lucy’s target population of Jupiter Trojan asteroids. It orbits in the Main Asteroid Belt at an average distance of 2.1 AU. Jupiter Trojans make up a distinct population of asteroids trapped in Jupiter’s orbit. They date back to the origins of the Solar System and can provide insight into conditions that existed some 4.5 billion years ago.
Hints About Asteroid Moons
As news of the images spread across the Internet, people began commenting about “moon-moons” to describe Dinkinesh’s companions. One comment on X, by Michigan State University planetary scientist Seth Jacobson, referenced his 2011 thesis work. It focused on modeling similar systems, and even before that, interest in these systems was not new. Understanding what causes such “kissing asteroids” as the Dinkinesh moons, requires a great deal of observation. That’s what Lucy’s doing now.
Jacobson looked at “rotationally fissioned” asteroids, which form when two bodies “fission” as they reach a certain limiting rotational speed. That is, they slowly move apart, but appear tidally locked together. His 2011 paper looked at ideal cases of these objects as sources of then-current observations of small systems.
The work focused on so-called “rubble pile” asteroids and their physical characteristics and gravitational interactions. It involves looking at near-Earth asteroid evolution via something called the YORP (Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack) effect. The Yarkovsky part of the effect basically describes how orbits of small asteroids are changed by a tiny amount of thrust created as sunlight re-radiates off their uneven surfaces. Since the amount of thrust is so small, it takes a long time to make big changes in the orbit. The effect also changes an asteroid’s spin rate, albeit slowly. The additional factors (added by other researchers looking into the effect) include any possible effects on asteroid orbits and obliquities. This happens to individual asteroids as well as floating rubble piles, with each piece being affected as well as the aggregate.
So, in addition to collisions that shape asteroids, sunlight, and gravitational effects contribute to their evolution. And, in the case of the recent Lucy images, we see direct evidence of that.
Kissing Asteroid Moons
So, how does this relate to Dinkinesh’s moon-moons? They definitely look like a contact binary. Over time, they rotated into place together, at least partly driven by the YORP effect. The end result is two moons looking as if they’re “kissing” each other after incident solar radiation and re-radiation drove them together in a long dance. Are they actually touching? Or simply moving together very closely in a rubble pile? If they are simply very close to each other in a mutual gravitational headlock, then perhaps rotational fission played a role.
This composite image of the primordial contact binary Kuiper Belt object 2014 MU69 (officially named Arrokoth) was compiled from data obtained by NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft as it flew by the object on Jan. 1, 2019. The image combines enhanced color data (close to what the human eye would see) with detailed high-resolution panchromatic pictures. Credits: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute//Roman Tkachenko
We’ve seen similar bodies in the solar system, including the strangely shaped Arrokoth in the Kuiper Belt. It’s a contact binary that appears to be doing more than kissing. The two lobes look almost welded together around a narrow “neck”. They probably merged together after getting locked together in a gravitational (tidal) dance. Unlike Dinkinesh’s companions, Arrokoth’s two lobes are not the same size.
Why Dinkinesh?
Dinkinesh is about 790 meters across, and its moon-moons are much smaller and don’t yet have names. This asteroid is part of Lucy’s larger mission to survey Jupiter Trojan asteroids. Interestingly, Dinkinesh was added into the mission timeline as a targeting and tracking test. The spacecraft’s systems not only did that, but also provided excellent imaging over time to give multiple views of this asteroid and its moons from different perspectives.
The results look intriguing for now, giving planetary scientists a lot to chew on. “It is puzzling, to say the least,” said Hal Levison, principal investigator for Lucy. “I would have never expected a system that looks like this. In particular, I don’t understand why the two components of the satellite have similar sizes. This is going to be fun for the scientific community to figure out.”
This image from the ESA's MASTER (Meteoroid and Space Debris Terrestrial Environment Reference) risk-assessment tool shows the dangerous debris orbiting Earth. Image Credit: IRAS/TU Braunschweig
What can we do about space junk? We know how much debris is in orbit, and we know the problem is getting worse. It’s our fault.
Our Earth now has a halo of orbital debris, and the ESA has a plan to stop contributing to the problem.
You can only kick a can down a road for so long before you’re tripping over all the cans. While politicians seem particularly adept at kicking them into the future and then blaming the other side when we’re ankle-deep in pesky cans, people in scientific pursuits don’t have the same luxury of intellectual dishonesty.
“Behaviours in space have to change.”
-ESA
We’re all aware of the space debris problem, and we know it’s getting worse. We’ve been launching satellites at an increased pace in the last few years. When combined with all of the satellites launched in prior decades, the result is a congested area that’s getting more crowded by the month. And like empty cans kicked into the future, many of the objects in orbit are no longer functioning or serving any purpose. They’re just there. If only someone had seen this coming.
But at least the ESA is committing to a plan to stop putting more debris in space.
“130 million pieces of space debris larger than a millimetre orbit Earth, threatening satellites now and in the future,” the ESA writes. “Once a week, a satellite or rocket body reenters uncontrolled through our atmosphere. Behaviours in space have to change.”
There’s not much of an argument that things need to change. But in an international world where not all countries want to cooperate and where private companies are responsible for a growing amount of stuff in space, change is tricky.
The ESA is setting a new standard for itself. They call it the “Zero Debris Approach.”
The space debris problem isn’t something that exists down the road. In 2009, two satellites collided over Siberia. One was defunct, but one was active. Besides destroying an active Iridium satellite, the collision created a whole bunch more debris. Perhaps the most troubling part is that the collision was predicted. In fact, of all the satellites that come close to each other, these two weren’t even in the top 200 satellites in dangerous proximity to one another.
“Arguably, the best approach is adopting practices that prevent creating debris in the first place,” an article in American Scientist said at the time.
There’s also the growing risk that even without any additional launches, collisions between existing debris will still make the problem worse. “It has been estimated that even in the case of no further launches into orbit, collisions among the existing space objects can lead to further growth in space debris population,” the ESA writes. The worst possible outcome is the Kessler syndrome, where collisions produce more debris that leads to a growing cascade of collisions that ultimately makes Earth orbit unusable.
American astrophysicist Donald Kessler predicted the Kessler syndrome back in 1978. In 2012, he co-authored an article saying that we’re already passed the tipping point for orbital debris. “That runaway debris generation scenario, often called the Kessler syndrome, may seem far off,” the article said. “But in fact, the sheer density of derelict objects in orbit has already exceeded what many consider to be the mathematical point of no return.”
This illustration depicts the Kessler Syndrome, named after American astrophysicist Donald Kessler. In 2012, Kessler co-authored an article warning that we’re already at the tipping point. Image Credit: ESA
There’s lots of talk about developing systems to remove existing space debris, especially larger pieces like intact satellites. There’s talk of harpoons, robotic arms, and even using other satellites to move debris into graveyard orbits. But there’s not much action to stop adding more debris.
Now, here we are, almost 15 years since the collision, and at least the ESA got the message.
“We are seeing a dramatically increased use of space, but still insufficient technology to prevent the risks that follow. Our aim to become debris neutral in just a few years will require clearing precious Earth orbits once a mission is complete, and if the mission fails to do this, it must be actively removed by dedicated vehicles,” explains Holger Krag, ESA’s Head of Space Safety.
This figure shows the amount of debris in space and what type it is. Image Credit: ESA
Krag likens it to the backcountry hiker’s motto: pack out what you pack in. “We are aiming for rules that compare to every national park on Earth – what you bring in, you must take with you when you leave.”
The ESA’s Zero Debris Approach starts with mission design. In 2022, the ESA undertook a large study involving all of their sites across Europe as well as 270 experts from industry, governmental agencies and academia. The study produced recommendations to help the ESA reach Zero Debris by 2030. The recommendations form the basis of the recently published ‘ESA Space Debris Mitigation Requirements.’
Here are the eight recommendations in the document:
Guarantee successful disposal
Improve orbital clearance
Avoid in-orbit collisions
Avoid internal break-ups
Prevent the intentional release of space debris
Improve on-ground casualty risk assessment
Guarantee Dark and Quiet skies
Beyond the protected regions (This includes GNSS constellations and lunar orbits.)
That’s a pretty comprehensive list, and it should be. We rely heavily on satellites, but many of us never think about them. They’re an important structural element in modern society.
“As space infrastructure has become the backbone of our modern society, the proliferation of space debris is threatening our way of life. Now is the time to act as a community to channel our collective efforts,” said ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher. “To implement the Zero Debris Charter, ESA will focus on developing ground-breaking technologies for satellite end-of-life disposal, in-orbit servicing and active debris removal. In addition, ESA will work hand-in-hand with institutions in charge of regulatory aspects.”
So, where are the rest of the world’s space agencies on this issue? NASA has made lots of statements about ‘limiting’ orbital debris and even has an office dedicated to the problem. But they haven’t taken the same type of bold step the ESA has.
China? They’re working on ways to de-orbit space junk successfully. But again, no bold, clear language commitment. ISRO? India’s set up a Centre for Space Debris Research, but they’ve made no promises about not adding to the problem.
How about Russia? Does what’s left of Roscosmos’ corpse have any plans? They make all kinds of statements, but nobody believes them. Especially since they keep messing with everyone else’s satellites.
You’ve gotta hand it to the ESA. Even though they’re an organization made up of 22 separate nations, they’ve come together and are the ones leading the charge on this issue.
NASA benadrukt een ongelooflijke foto van de Krabnevel gemaakt door de James Webb
NASA benadrukt een ongelooflijke foto van de Krabnevel gemaakt door de James Webb
NASA benadrukt een ongelooflijke foto van de Krabnevel gemaakt door de James Webb (NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Tea Temim (Princeton University) // NASA – APOD)
Op de afbeelding is de Krabnevel, officieel gecatalogiseerd als M1, in al zijn pracht te zien dankzij de geavanceerde infraroodcamera’s van de James Webb, waarbij de helderheid, de wolk en de gefragmenteerde restanten van de explosie van een massieve ster in 1054 worden benadrukt.
In het midden bevindt zich een van de meest ongelooflijke objecten die astronomen kennen, de Krabpulsar, een neutronenster die ongelooflijk 30 keer per seconde draait en zichtbaar is als een helder punt.
De Krabnevel staat bovenaan de lijst van de 18e eeuw van Charles Messier, samengesteld uit hemellichamen die geen kometen zijn.
ESA is Testing a Modular Multipurpose Rover that Could Be a Science Lab or a Tiny Bulldozer
Most rovers have been built for Mars, and each one of them is a complex machine designed with specific goals and terrains in mind. But the Moon is different than Mars. We’re not searching for life there; we’re trying to establish a presence.
In recognition of the difference, the ESA is developing modular rovers that can serve different needs with only small modifications.
It’s called the European Moon Rover System (EMRS), and its goal is to “develop a versatile surface mobility solution for future lunar missions,” according to newly published papers. The surface mobility systems will serve four upcoming ESA missions: the Polar Explorer (PE), In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), Astrophysics Lunar Observatory (ALO) and Lunar Geological Exploration Mission (LGEM).
Each of the four missions has specific requirements, including placing scientific instrumentation at the lunar south pole, excavating and transporting over 200 kg (440 lbs) of regolith, building an astrophysical observatory on the far side of the Moon, and studying the Moon’s volcanic history. The ESA is developing a rover that uses modularity to meet each goal rather than a completely different rover.
The new modular lunar rover design will have to move lunar regolith as part of building the Astrophysics Lunar Observatory. This image shows the test rover with its bulldozer blade attached during testing. Image Credit: ESA
“To achieve this, a modular approach has been adopted for the design of the platform in terms of locomotion and mobility, which includes onboard autonomy,” the paper explains.
There are obvious benefits to modularity and its offshoot, redundancy. Modular payloads can be used more advantageously for the specific mission at hand. They can also be removed and added as the need arises and are less time-consuming to work on and develop. And if one rover is out of commission for some reason, payloads can be swapped according to changing priorities.
When it comes to mobility, the new rovers will rely on Adaptable Wheels for Exploration (AWE) designed by Hellenic Technology of Robotics (HTR). “Rover wheels play a pivotal role, especially given the challenging lunar surface conditions and regolith,” the paper states. There’s plenty of loose sand on the Moon, and AWE will supply enough traction. The wheels have caterpillar-style tracks on top of springs and a fixed internal hub. These wheels are remarkably flexible and will be tough enough to meet the mission’s requirements, including being built with materials that can handle the wild temperature swings on the lunar surface.
This figure shows the EMRS wheels developed by HTR. The image on the right shows them being tested on the rover prototype. Image Credits: ESA/HTR
The rover’s four wheels are just part of the mobility design. The steering system is just as important. There are two potential steering system designs: on-top steering and on-side steering. The ESA has chosen on-side steering partly because it’s more compatible with upper payload bay volume.
On-side steering allows for four different turning modes: Skid Steering, Ackermann Turn, Crab Turn, and Point Turn.
The steering system allows for four different turning modes: Skid Steering, Ackermann Turn, Crab Turn, and Point Turn. Image Credit: ESA
The suspension system will be a hybrid of passive and active, with an independent suspension for each wheel. “The independent, active suspension enables a wheel-walking mode, and coupled with the independent steering even a’ paddling’ mode,” the paper states. Paddling mode provides a safeguard in case the rover gets stuck in very soft terrain. Getting stuck in soft ground is one of the most challenging scenarios for conventional passive suspension systems.
The suspension design also allows for the rover’s stored configuration during spaceflight.
This schematic shows the rover’s suspension system is stowed (L) and normal configurations (R.) Image Credit: ESA
When it comes to the modular rover’s chassis, the design team proposes a strong and lightweight Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) design. The chassis will have four separate bays. The primary bay is common among all rovers and will hold the common avionics, thermal control systems, and power components. There will also be two side bays and a top bay, all able to hold different payloads.
This schematic shows the rover’s four payload bays. The grey one is the primary bay. The pink ones flanking the primary bay are lateral payload modules that can hold equipment needing access to the lunar surface, like drills or excavators. The green one on top is a configurable cargo bay. The image on the right shows the cargo bay carrying materials for the Astrophysics Lunar Observatory (ALO.) Image Credit: ESA
The rover will have onboard software (OBSW) that will allow it to drive autonomously. It’ll be able to detect and identify different obstacles and objects and determine its way through, around, or over them. “It also has manipulation capabilities, allowing it to perform ISRU tasks, manipulate tools, and scientific sampling,” the paper states. Astronaut time is valuable, and the more autonomous the rovers can be, the more time astronauts will have for other tasks.
The paper points out that rover modularity starts paying off well before a rover is ever deployed. “The modular design of our prototype provides a unique advantage by allowing us to evaluate the rover’s locomotion and software in tandem with a variety of scientific payloads,” it states. That’s extremely valuable since the payloads could variously consist of things like drills, bulldozer blades, spectrometers and cameras.
The modular rover design is still in the concept phase, though test models have been built and tested.
“A series of rigorous obstacle and excavation tests has been carried out, shedding light on the remarkable capabilities of the EMRS system configuration,” the paper states. “These tests not only demonstrate the rover’s ability to safely navigate lunar terrain but also underscore its proficiency in lunar regolith excavation.”
The ESA is developing some ambitious plans not only for lunar exploration but for a sustained human presence on the Moon. Rovers will be the workhorse for these activities, and the modular design should give the rovers an advantage.
We’ll find out in a few years when the ESA lands on the Moon.
The details of the EMRS design process are in two new papers:
Mexican alien mummies have once again returned to the media spotlight, this time with factual evidence that supports the authenticity of the bodies. On November 6, 2023, Mexican journalist Jaime Maussan gathered a group of doctors and scientists to present new data on the Peruvian mummies, which show potential signs of non-human life forms, while refraining from confirming that the remains were extraterrestrial.
During the Second Public Hearing on the Regulation of Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena, experts in the field shared their research work and personal experiences related to this intriguing topic. The hearing included the participation of various professionals, including Jesús Ángel Guevara Madrigal, Air Controller of Mexico; Rafael Arcángel Berrocal Ramos, a lawyer; Thierre Maurice Pierre, a researcher at the Inkari Institute in Cusco, Peru; Roger Zúñiga Avilés, who led the investigation on behalf of the ICA University in Peru, as well as Peruvian legislators and other researchers.
On September 12, 2023, the Mexican government hosted a historic UAP hearing, organized by the Commission of Science and Technology of the Chamber of Deputies, where they first heard of Peruvian mummies from Jaime Maussan. The small mummified specimen was retrieved from Cusco, Peru, in a layer of diatomaceous earth. They are believed to be one thousand years old. “These aren’t beings that were found after a UFO wreckage,” Mr. Maussan said, “They were found in diatom mines, and were later fossilized.” He later added: “Whether they are aliens or not, we don’t know, but they were intelligent, and they lived with us. They should rewrite history… We are not alone in this vast universe; we should embrace this reality.”
After almost two months, Mr. Maussan was more focused on proving the authenticity of alien mummies. Mr. Maussan and other experts claim the specimens were tested and found to be “non-human beings that are not part of our terrestrial evolution.” He said, “None of the scientists say [the study results] prove that they are extraterrestrials, but I go further,” suggesting that they could be evidence of non-Earthly life forms.
On August 1, 2019, the San Luis Gonzaga National University of Ica, Peru, received four desiccated bodies exhibiting characteristics of both humans and reptilians. These specimens were transferred while safeguarding the confidentiality of the source of information, following the provisions outlined in the second article, subsection 18, of the Political Constitution of Peru. The purpose behind the delivery of these bodies was to ensure their custody and preservation and facilitate research aimed at elucidating the authenticity of these desiccated specimens.
One of the bodies, known as Maria, is approximately human-sized but displays distinct anatomical variations. It possesses an elongated skull and three fingers on both its hands and feet. Upon examination of the bones, a consistent structure was observed, devoid of any indications of finger damage.
The smaller bodies, measuring approximately 60 cm in length, display a morphological and anatomical structure markedly distinct from that of humans. Their skin exhibits morphological and histological characteristics reminiscent of reptiles, featuring three-digited hands and feet. Notably, they possess voluminous skulls, and their bone and joint system deviates significantly from human anatomy, showcasing unique and sui generis atypical features.
Importantly, it is worth noting the absence of rigid or metallic elements for union and support in the joints throughout the entire body. Given the extraordinary nature of these bodies and the pronounced anatomical and structural disparities, further comprehensive investigations are imperative for a deeper understanding of their essence.
Celestino Adolfo Piotti, a doctor in medicine and surgery and the founder of a special branch of anthropology in Argentina, said he reached this conclusion by studying X-rays of the skulls of non-human beings. He compared them to his theory of evolution, called the “guardian theory,” which disagrees with Charles Darwin’s theory.
[Translation] “The final numerical result that it gives me is that they are not individuals from the past or the present but rather from the future, so it means that these two beings, Mary and these two beings 60 centimeters high (those that Maussan presented), “They should have existed in the future and not in the past a thousand years ago,” he said.
The researcher acknowledged that the scientific method cannot provide an answer to the conclusion he reached. However, he stated that non-human beings are “the link of our human species that goes from being returned towards a new species…The lower beings would be a complete evolution of a species that will come after us, in summary, they would be our descendants.”
Thierre Maurice Pierre, a researcher at the Inkari Institute in Cusco, Peru, stated that the analysis concluded that non-human beings date back thousands of years and that their DNA is not human. However, he clarified that this does not necessarily mean they belong to extraterrestrial beings.
“The laboratories concluded that these bodies were centuries, even millennia old. The DNA of these beings does not belong to the human species. For this reason, the laboratories will speak of at least two unknown species. I want to insist on this important point: none of the laboratories have mentioned extraterrestrials,” he said.
Anthropologist Roger Zúñiga Avilés of San Luis Gonzaga National University in Ica, Peru, said researchers had studied five similar specimens over four years. “There was absolutely no human intervention in the physical and biological formation of these beings,” he added, saying he did not know the origin of the beings.
Zúñiga presented a letter signed by 11 researchers from the university declaring the same. The letter made clear, however, they were not implying the bodies were “extraterrestrial.” According to Reuters, “When asked about those studies, Zúñiga said the specimens were probably fake. The bodies that he and the other university researchers looked at, however, were real, he said.”
After thorough investigations, the research team has conclusively determined that the desiccated bodies under study are entirely authentic from a biological standpoint. There are no indications of tampering or artificial assembly. The scientific approach has been meticulous, and these results further affirm the authenticity of the bodies.
Mexican September UAP hearings came after the US Congress conducted its hearings where corner US intelligence officer David Grusch testified that the US government has its possession of intact alien crafts and claimed that “non-human biologics” had been recovered from crashed vehicles of unknown origin. He further claimed the Pentagon was secretly reverse-engineering the recovered craft without oversight by Congress or the US public.
Guys, take a deep breath, make sure you are very, very relaxed, because what I have to say is not the typical small talk. I was looking at a Gizmodo story that was about the asteroid Dinkinesh having not one, but two tiny moons orbiting it. But I noticed that the photos were over exposed...meaning they had too much light added on purpose to drown out the detail. So I added shadow and added focus then something awesome happened, I soon saw the two moons were actually two alien ships! And Dinky asteroid is actually has structures built into it, so it looks like an asteroid, but is really a space station or mother craft. Kinda mind-blowing. We don't need the gov to tell us what is and isnt real, we ourselves can research, enhance and discover the truth on our own. We already have mountains of factual pieces of evidence about UFOs and aliens existing in NASA photos themselves, I've been doing it over 20 years so I know.
“What’s the weirdest case you’ve ever studied?” Jacques Vallée talks UFO landing in Valensole, 1965
“What’s the weirdest case you’ve ever studied?” Jacques Vallée talks UFO landing in Valensole, 1965
In the tranquil lavender fields of Valensole, France, a strange occurrence in 1965 catapulted the small town into the annals of UFO lore. Maurice Masse, a local farmer, became an unwitting participant in one of the most scrutinized UFO sightings of the 20th century. This event would not only ignite a wave of curiosity but would leave an indelible mark on the sleepy landscape, turning it into a pilgrimage site for UFO enthusiasts and skeptics alike.
An Early Morning Encounter
Before dawn on that fateful July morning, Maurice Masse encountered what he initially mistook for juvenile trespassers. However, this assumption was swiftly dispelled when the ‘children’ morphed into entities of inexplicable origin, alongside a craft bearing no resemblance to any known vehicular contrivance.
The Unfathomable Craft and Its Occupants
Masse described the beings as diminutive figures with disproportionately large heads, their eyes a deep, unsettling void. They donned garb unlike any terrestrial fashion, and one wielded a mysterious device — a detail paralleling numerous UFO sightings worldwide. The confrontation left Masse temporarily paralyzed, a peculiar effect also echoed in similar accounts from various corners of the globe.
The Aftermath and the Indelible Scar on Nature
In the wake of the entities’ abrupt departure, Masse discovered an area of his field that was rendered infertile, a testament to the unusual encounter’s tangible consequences. The ground, hardened like concrete, resisted agricultural attempts for seven long years, serving as a silent witness to the unexplained phenomenon.
The Scientific Scrutiny
The Valensole incident was not without rigorous scrutiny. Noted astronomer and UFOlogist Dr. J. Allen Hynek, along with French governmental agencies, investigated the site. They were met with a puzzle — the traces left behind defied conventional replication, suggesting that whatever landed in Valensole had properties beyond the current understanding of physics and technology.
Echoes of the Unexplained
This occurrence was not an isolated narrative. The sighting in Socorro, New Mexico, by policeman Lonnie Zamora the previous year shared eerie similarities, including the description of the craft and the feeling of paralysis reported by the witness. Such instances add layers of complexity to the global tapestry of UFO sightings, offering compelling vignettes of unexplained aerial phenomena that continue to provoke both wonder and debate.
The Continual Quest for Understanding
Decades have passed, yet the Valensole sighting remains a beacon for those seeking answers in the sky. The incident stands as a symbol of the enduring allure of the unidentified — a narrative that captivates, challenges, and confounds. It reminds us that, sometimes, the most enduring mysteries are not in the far reaches of space but here at home, in our fields, our skies, and our collective imagination.
VIDEO:
“What’s the weirdest case you’ve ever studied?” Jacques Vallée talks UFO landing in Valensole, 1965
With every recounted tale of lights in the sky and untraceable craft, the Valensole encounter endures, a cornerstone in the ever-expanding chronicle of UFO sightings. As we gaze upward, one cannot help but ponder — will the mysteries of the universe ever fully reveal themselves, or are we destined to grapple with the enigma of the unidentified, one sighting at a time?
JWST Detects Carbon Dioxide in a Centaur for the First Time
Centaurs are small planetary bodies that orbit between Jupiter and Neptune and have baffled astronomers for sharing characteristics with both asteroids and comets. Centaurs got their name after the mythical half-horse, half-human creatures called centaurs due to their dual characteristics. Above is an artist's illustration displaying a centaur creature among asteroids (left) and comets (right). (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
JWST Detects Carbon Dioxide in a Centaur for the First Time
A study published today in The Planetary Science Journal examines how NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has conducted a first-time detection of carbon dioxide in a Centaur, this one designated 39P/Oterma. A Centaur is a small planetary body that orbits between Jupiter and Neptune and frequently crosses the orbits of one or more of the gas giant planets within our solar system. While no Centaur has been imaged up-close, they typically exhibit a combination of attributes between comets and asteroids. While carbon monoxide has been detected in two known centaurs, this recent discovery could mark a turning point in how scientists understand the formation, evolution, and composition of not only Centaurs, but of the early solar system, as well.
“Centaurs are important to study since they are fairly well-preserved objects in space that can provide insight on the chemical composition and physical processes of the early solar system,” Study lead author, Dr. Olga Harrington Pinto, who is a postdoctoral researcher at Auburn University but conducted the research while a PhD student at the University of Central Florida, tells Universe Today.
Centaur 39P/Oterma was discovered on April 8, 1943, by Finnish astronomer, Dr. Liisi Oterma, who was the first woman to earn PhD in astronomy in Finland, along with being the first woman PhD of the faculty of sciences at Turku University. While 39P/Oterma has long been classified as an inactive comet, it currently exhibits a Centaur-like orbit between Jupiter and Saturn, meaning it doesn’t approach the Sun, and has a radius of approximately 2.21 to 2.49 km (1.37 to 1.55 mi), according to this study. So, why was 39P/Oterma chosen for this specific study?
“39P/Oterma is what we call an active centaur, a centaur that develops a coma and a tail like a normal comet,” Dr. Adam McKay, who is an assistant professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Appalachian State University and a co-author on the study, tells Universe Today. “Since they are active, we can use spectroscopy to observe molecules in their coma to gain insights into their composition. 39P was chosen as one of our targets because it would be active during the time of the proposed observations.”
For the study, the researchers used JWST’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) instrument and was supported by ground-based observations from the Gemini North Observatory and Lowell Discovery Telescope to investigate the characteristics of 39P/Oterma while it was orbiting close to its perihelion (closest distance to the Sun) at 5.82 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun in July 2022. For context, the perihelion of 39P/Oterma has gradually increased since its discovery: 3.39 AU (1958), 5.47 AU (1983), and 5.71 AU (2023), and is projected to reach 5.91 AU and 6.15 AU in 2042 and 2246, respectively.
After analyzing the JWST NIRSpec data, the researchers confirmed the first detection of carbon dioxide in any Centaur, and the lowest amount of carbon dioxide ever detected in any Centaur or comet. They also did not detect traces of water or carbon monoxide, which are traditionally detected in Centaurs, specifically 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 (29P/SW1), another Centaur that shares approximately the same AU distance as 39P/Oterma.
“These results are important because they show that thanks to the impressive capabilities of JWST, we are able to see low production rates of a relatively small object that is very far away,” Dr. Pinto tells Universe Today. “And, though the production rates are low, it shows a different chemical behavior from another Centaur, 29P/SW1, seen at a similar distance (~6 AU). This difference in chemical behavior could be from the very different sizes of Centaurs 29P and 39P, or from having different orbital histories, or starting out with different compositions, or possibly a combination of all of these.”
The finding of carbon dioxide in a Centaur could be a gamechanger in terms of understanding the compositions and characteristics of Centaurs, asteroids, and comets throughout the solar system, along with potentially gaining better insight into the formation and evolution of the solar system, overall.
What new discoveries about Centaurs will researchers make in the coming years and decades and how many more Centaurs could possess carbon dioxide throughout the solar system? Only time will tell, and this is why we science!
The Indian space program has been on a bit of a tear lately. Chadrayaan-3 was just the latest successful for the ISRO, India’s space agency, when it launched in July – especially juxtaposed with Luna-25, a Russian moon lander mission that launched around the same time and failed spectacularly by crashing into the Moon. Maybe in part due to the ISRO’s success, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi appears to have taken an increased interest in the program and recently chaired a meeting to review the Gaganyaan Mission, India’s first foray into crewed space flight. But while in the meeting, he suggested the country’s exploration goals should go further – much further.
Let’s start with the Gaganyaan mission itself. It’s hit a series of setbacks after initially being planned for launch in December 2020. Admittedly, some of those setbacks were caused by the pandemic, which hit India particularly hard. However, the program appears to be back on track, and the mission planners confirmed a launch in 2025, though this is slightly later than even the Wikipedia page for the missions says at the time of writing, and it was updated only in September.
Press releases from the PM’s office most likely overrules any Wikipedia site, so while the mission may be delayed until 2025, the testing leading up to it is still ongoing. A test of the Crew Escape System Test Vehicle, a critical component in modern-day human spaceflight systems, occurred successfully recently. Around 20 additional tests are planned over the next two years to ensure the mission’s success.
Fraser discusses India’s moon mission.
One key component of the new mission is the development of a Human Rated Launch Vehicle called HLVM3 by the ISRO. This is a modified version of the Launch Vehicle Mark 3, which has been the workhorse of ISRO’s satellite launching efforts since its first orbital flight back in 2017. However, launching humans is not the same as launching satellites, and much work needs to be done to ensure the safety of any future astronauts that might take a ride on this rocket.
That might seem like enough to keep the mission planners and engineers at ISRO busy for the foreseeable future. But PM Modi wants to aim higher – literally to the Moon in this case. He suggested sending an Indian astronaut to the Moon by 2040. Doing so in 17 years is feasible, especially considering the US did so in 9 with 1960s technology.
But the Moon won’t be the only stop for the ISRO. PM Modi also announced a plan to build a Bharatiya Antariksha Station – translated as “Indian Space Station” in the press release, by 2035. What exactly this station will entail and how it will fit with the wider plans for the Moon were not detailed in the press release. Still, assumedly, an orbital station will plan a key staging role for astronauts traveling to our nearest cosmic neighbor.
And about the success of that mission.
Human spaceflight isn’t the only kind, though, and ISRO will be busy in the robotic arena as well. Interplanetary missions were also mentioned by the PM, who took special note of a Venus Orbiter and Mars landers in his discussions during the meeting. Neither of those projects has yet garnered a name, so it’s unclear how much support they’ll have going forward. But if recent history is any indication, India will be adding plenty of new accomplishments to its portfolio of successful space missions in the near future.
Now here are some unusual screenshots from a Chandrayaan mission. The crater is made of many over lapping tunnels, something I did not expect, but this seems like an intelligently made structure on Earths moon built across the crater in order to appear like a crater shadow. I also found some tunnels to the right of the crater, but I did have to add shadows in order to see them. You will also see structures around it here and there. The moon is certainly inhabited by an intelligent species, but would they welcome a visit from humans?
Here is an interesting capture by YouTuber Shellys UFOs. The UFO is triangle in shape with a smaller triangle hump on its upper center. Very unique and its movement is unpredictable. The blue glowing craft appears to want to be seen.
2.7 mile UFO found landed in Mars Crater, Seen On Google Mars Map! UFO Sighting News.
2.7 mile UFO found landed in Mars Crater, Seen On Google Mars Map! UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: Nov 7, 2023
Location of discovery: Mars
Google Coordinates: 69°26'0.85"N 86° 1'9.48"W
I found a disk structure with another smaller circle on its top center. The structure was found using Google Mars map. According to google ruler, the disk is 2.7 miles across and 1.8 miles high. Why is it not noticeable to astronomers? Well first off its hidden in a crater which itself is at least 3 to 4 miles deep and its located on Mars, which can only be seen close up by orbiting satellites. Hiding in a crater is perfect for them because it shields the alien ship from micro meteorites which could damage the hull of the ship.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
GIGANTIC SPACESHIP Towers Over 747 Plane
GIGANTIC SPACESHIP Towers Over 747 Plane
On a brisk November evening in 1986, the skies above Alaska became the stage for one of the most intriguing and well-documented UFO sightings in aviation history. This incident, involving Japan Airlines Flight 1628, captivates UFO enthusiasts and skeptics alike, offering a rare blend of eyewitness credibility, radar confirmation, and government inquiry that continues to provoke discussion and speculation decades later.
The Puzzling Pursuit in the Alaskan Sky
The crew of JAL Flight 1628 couldn’t have anticipated that their routine cargo trip from Paris to Tokyo would catapult them into the annals of UFO legend. Captain Kenju Terauchi, an ex-fighter pilot with a wealth of experience, found his 747 being shadowed by lights that defied conventional explanation. These were no ordinary lights: they maneuvered with an unsettling precision, pacing the airplane as it cruised at 500 miles per hour.
VIDEO:
Ancient Aliens: GIGANTIC SPACESHIP Towers Over 747 Plane (Special)
The presence of these mysterious lights was just the prelude to a more extraordinary revelation. As the flight continued, an enormous object appeared — one that Captain Terauchi described as a “gigantic spaceship,” large enough to dwarf their 747. This object, seemingly ripped from the pages of science fiction, held the attention of the seasoned pilot and his crew, compelling a series of evasive maneuvers to avoid a collision.
A Cascade of Corroboration
In the realm of UFO sightings, corroborating evidence is as rare as it is vital. This incident sets itself apart with multiple layers of verification. Ground control radar systems mirrored the reports from the flight crew, painting a picture of an inexplicable object in close proximity to the commercial jet. In a further attempt to understand the situation, another commercial flight was diverted to observe the phenomenon. Yet, by the time they arrived, the unidentified object had vanished, leaving more questions than answers.
The Aftermath and Official Scrutiny
Following the encounter, the official response was swift. Captain Terauchi’s report prompted immediate interest from the FAA and an assortment of federal agencies, including NORAD. The detailed investigation included a comprehensive review of audio recordings, highlighting the urgent dialogues between the pilot and air traffic control. However, the incident took an unexpected turn when Captain Terauchi decided to go public with his belief in the extraterrestrial origin of the craft, a move that resulted in his reassignment within Japan Airlines.
Conspiracy or Cover-Up?
Adding to the enigma, John Callahan, the FAA’s Division Chief of Accidents and Investigations at the time, pushed for a deeper investigation. His involvement led to a high-level meeting in Washington, D.C., attended by representatives from the CIA, the FBI, and the Reagan administration. The narrative that emerged from this meeting — particularly the claim of a CIA agent dismissing the incident and confiscating evidence — fueled ongoing speculation about government transparency and the existence of UFOs.
The Enduring Legacy of Flight 1628
Decades have passed, but the UFO sighting by JAL Flight 1628 continues to resonate. Its impact is felt not only in the community of UFO researchers but also in the broader conversation about aerial phenomena and their implications for national security and understanding of the world. As governments worldwide become more open about their investigations into UAPs, the Alaska incident remains a touchstone, a case study in the complex interplay between witness testimony, technological evidence, and the endless quest for answers that lie beyond our understanding.
In the digital age, the story of Flight 1628 finds new life, as curious minds search for “UFO sightings” and stumble upon the extraordinary tale of that fateful night over Alaska. Whether you’re a steadfast believer or a staunch skeptic, the story of JAL Flight 1628 offers an undeniable intrigue that continues to challenge our perception of the skies above.
Het verhaal van de ontvoering door aliens van Betty en Barney Hill
Het verhaal van de ontvoering door aliens van Betty en Barney Hill
Artikel van Zeleb.es
De zaak van de ontvoering van Betty en Barney
De vermeende ontvoering van Betty en Barney Hill door een groep aliens omstreeks 1961 is een iconisch verhaal in ufologische kringen.
Emblematische zaak voor ufologen
Misschien is dit verhaal voor de meeste mensen onbekend, maar het heeft gedurende tientallen jaren grote belangstelling gewekt bij ufo-experts en -toeschouwers.
Een verblindend licht
Het echtpaar beweert dat ze in de nacht van 19 september 1961 een verblindend licht zagen terwijl ze over Route 3 naar huis reden. Ze dachten aanvankelijk dat het een vallende ster was.
Het echtpaar reed in Lincoln, New Hampshire. Nadat ze de auto hadden stilgezet en een verrekijker hadden gepakt om het vreemde object (dat geen vallende ster was) nader te bekijken, besloten Betty en Barney Hill weer op de weg te gaan. Het ruimteschip raasde achter hen aan en kwam steeds dichterbij.
De ontmoeting met aliens
Het echtpaar herinnerde zich dat ze door de ramen ongeveer tien mensachtige figuren zagen. Barney Hill beweert dat deze wezens door middel van telepathie met hen communiceerden.
Een grote schrik
De gebeurtenis vond plaats toen het vermeende ruimteschip in de buurt van de auto neerkwam. Bij het zien van de wezens herinnert Barney Hill zich dat hij in angst terug naar het voertuig rende en schreeuwde dat ze hen wilden vangen.
Vreemde geluiden
Terug in de auto startte Barney de motor weer en probeerde weg te rijden. Het echtpaar vertelt dat ze op dat moment een vreemde reeks ritmische piepgeluiden hoorde.
Details klopten niet
Eenmaal thuis bekroop hen echter een vreemd gevoel en merkten ze ongewone dingen op: kleine scheurtjes in Betty's jurk, een scheur in de riem van Barney's verrekijker en gaten in zijn schoen.
Geheugenverlies
Het raarste wat ze merkten was dat ze een hiaat hadden in de rit naar huis. Ze herinnerden zich niets meer van een stuk van ongeveer 56 km van de reis direct na de ontmoeting. De herinnering aan wat ze gezien hadden was zo gefragmenteerd dat ze niet konden samenvoegen wat er gebeurd was.
Regressieve hypnose
Twee jaar na deze gebeurtenis ging het echtpaar naar een therapeut die regressieve hypnotherapie uitvoerde om hen te helpen zich de gebeurtenissen van die nacht te herinneren. Inmiddels hadden ze ingezien dat ongeveer twee uur uit hun geheugen was verdwenen.
Eindelijk was alles duidelijk
Na veel regressieve hypnosesessies konden Betty en Barney Hill reconstrueren wat er gebeurd was. Ondanks dat ze tijdens de sessies gescheiden waren, kwamen hun versies van de gebeurtenissen aardig overeen.
The Ufo Incident
Een tv-film uit 1975 genaamd 'The Ufo Incident' verzamelde de geluidsbanden van die sessies. Regisseur Richard A. Colla had de regie.
Een film gebaseerd op archiefstukken
In de aftiteling van de films beweert de regisseur dat het verhaal gebaseerd is op een reeks archiefstukken van de Amerikaanse luchtmacht. De Hills hadden zich onmiddellijk na het incident tot de autoriteiten gewend.
Proeven en experimenten
Onder hypnose vertelden Betty en Barney Hill hun therapeut dat de aliens hen hadden ontvoerd. Ze werden meegenomen naar hun ruimteschip en onderworpen aan proeven en experimenten.
Foto: Wikipedia
Huid- en haarmonsters
Volgens de Hills namen de tweevoetige aliens met grijze huid en uitpuilende ogen haar- en weefselmonsters van verschillende lichaamsdelen met gereedschap dat leek op spuiten.
Geheugen uitgewist
Betty en Barney Hill herinnerden zich dat de aliens hen, nadat ze verschillende monsters hadden verzameld, vrijlieten, waarna hun bewuste geheugen werd uitgewist.
Zeta Reticuli
Betty Hill slaagde er ook in een sterrenkaart te reconstrueren die de herkomst van de aliens aangaf. Uit deze reconstructie concludeerden deskundigen dat het ging om sterrensysteem Zeta Reticuli in het zuidelijke sterrenbeeld Raster, 39,2 lichtjaar van de aarde.
De eerste gedocumenteerde ufo-waarneming
De zaak Hill was een van de eerste gevallen van gedocumenteerde ufo-waarnemingen. De archieven van de New Hampshire University bewaren nog steeds alle documenten en geluidsopnamen die tijdens de hypnosesessies en interviews zijn gemaakt.
De conclusies van de therapeut
In de laatste aflevering van een docuserie over de gebeurtenissen onthulde de therapeut die het stel behandelde zijn visie. Hij concludeerde dat hun vermeende ontmoeting met aliens te maken had met de vermeende sociale druk die ze ervaarden als interraciaal koppel, iets wat in een tijd slecht werd gedragen. De show, genaamd 'Ufo', werd in 2021 uitgezonden door streamingdienst 'Showtime,' zoals gemeld door sify.com.
Een wisselend standpunt
Dezelfde therapeut beweert dat hij zes maanden later van gedachten veranderde en concludeerde dat het echtpaar de waarheid sprak, zoals uit een fragment van de docuserie blijkt.
'Captured! The Betty and Barney Hill UFO Experience'
Barney Hill overleed in 1969, slechts acht jaar na het incident, maar zijn vrouw Betty overleed pas in 2004. Haar leven lang heeft ze uitgebreid gevochten om hun verhaal en het bestaan van aliens te bewijzen. Haar nicht, Kathleen Marden, schreef in 2007 een boek over haar tante: 'Captured! The Betty and Barney Hill UFO Experience'.
Een fascinerend verhaal over ufo's
Of het waar is of niet, één ding is zeker: het verhaal van Barnie en Betty Hill blijft een mijlpaal voor de ufologische gemeenschap en een van de fascinerendste verhalen over waarnemingen van aliens.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Enceladus has All the Raw Materials for Life
Saturn's moon Enceladus isn't just bright and beautiful. It has an ocean under all that ice that has chemicals necessary for life. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, JPL, SSI, Cassini Imaging Team
Saturn’s ocean moon, Enceladus, is attracting increasing attention in the search for life in our Solar System. Most of what we know about Enceladus and its ice-covered ocean comes from the Cassini mission. Cassini ended its exploration of the Saturn system in 2017, but scientists are still working through its data.
New research based on Cassini data strengthens the idea that Enceladus has the chemicals necessary for life.
During its mission, Cassini discovered geyser-like plumes of water erupting through Enceladus’ icy shell. In 2008, Cassini performed a close-proximity flyby and analyzed the plumes with its Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA). The CDA showed that the water in the plumes contained a surprising mix of volatiles, including carbon dioxide, water vapour, and carbon monoxide. It also found trace amounts of molecular nitrogen, simple hydrocarbons, and complex organic chemicals.
The plumes of Enceladus have phosphate-rich ice grains entrained.Credit: NASA
The work centers on the discovery of ammonia and inorganic phosphorous in Enceladus’ ocean. The researchers used ecological and metabolic theory and modelling to understand how these chemicals could make Enceladus amenable to life. “Apart from speculating about threshold concentrations of bioactive compounds to support ecosystems, metabolic and ecological theory can provide a powerful interpretative lens to assess whether extraterrestrial environments are compatible with living ecosystems,” the authors explain.
A critical component of ecological theory is the Redfield ratio. It’s named after the American oceanographer Alfred Redfield. In 1934, Redfield published results showing that the ratio of carbon to nitrogen to phosphorous (C:N:P) was remarkably consistent across ocean biomass at 106:16:1. Other researchers found that the ratio shifted slightly depending on the area and the phytoplankton species present. More recent work refined the ratio to 166:22:1.
The exact numbers aren’t necessarily the critical point. Redfield’s conclusion is the vital part. The Redfield ratio shows a remarkable unity between the chemistry of living things in the deep ocean and the ocean itself. He proposed that there’s an equilibrium between ocean water and plankton nutrients that’s based on biotic feedback. He described a chemical framework for nutrients and simple life.
“Whatever its explanation, the correspondence between the quantities of biologically available nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea and the proportions in which they are utilized by the plankton is a phenomenon of the greatest interest,” Redfield said in the conclusion of his paper.
So, how does the discovery of ammonia and phosphorous in Enceladus’ ocean relate to the Redfield ratio and Enceladus’ biological potential?
This figure illustrates a cross-section of Enceladus, summarizing the processes SwRI scientists modelled in the moon in a 2020 study. Oxidants produced in the surface ice when water molecules are broken apart by radiation can combine with reductants produced by hydrothermal activity and other water-rock reactions, creating an energy source for potential life in the ocean. Image Credit: SwRI
The Redfield ratio is widespread all across the Tree of Life on Earth. “Because of this seeming ubiquity, the Redfield ratio has been considered a target signature for astrobiological life detection, especially on ocean worlds such as Europa and Enceladus,” the authors of the new paper write. When it comes to life, all we have to go on is Earth. So it’s sensible to use foundational aspects of life’s chemistry here on Earth as a lens through which to examine other potential life-supporting worlds.
Analysis of Cassini’s data from Enceladus’ plumes shows a high level of inorganic phosphate in the ocean. Other geochemical simulations based on Cassini’s findings indicate the same. “These reports of phosphorus follow on the tails of previous work identifying numerous elemental constituents of terrestrial life (C, N, H, O) from the Enceladus plume,” the authors explain. Even more analysis suggests that the ocean contains many of the chemicals common in living organisms, like amino acid precursors, ammonium, and hydrocarbons.
So Enceladus’ ocean has a rich chemistry, and many chemicals reflect life’s chemical makeup. In particular, there’s an emerging hypothesis that Enceladus could support methanogenesis. Earth’s Archaea perform methanogenesis across a wide swath of different environmental conditions on Earth and have done so for over three billion years, proving their survivability. Biochemical modelling suggests that Earth’s methanogens are compatible with Enceladus’ ocean.
The researchers developed a new, more detailed model for methanogens on Enceladus to see if they could survive and thrive there. Their model leaned heavily on the Redfield ratio. They found that though phosphorous is present in high levels in the moon’s ocean, the overall ratio “may be limiting to Earth-like cells.”
“High standing stocks of these nutrients could be consistent with incomplete drawdown due to a small or metabolically slow biosphere, a biosphere with a recent origin of life,” or other reasons that could cause an imbalance.
So where does that leave the prospects for life on Enceladus?
We’re improving at identifying individual chemicals on other worlds, and the JWST is leading the way. But we need a better understanding of overall chemical environments to advance the search for life. A transmission spectrum of the hot gas giant exoplanet WASP-39 b, captured by Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on July 10, 2022, reveals the first definitive evidence for carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of a planet outside the Solar System. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and L. Hustak (STScI). Science: The JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team
We’re only at the beginning of biosignature science. We can identify individual chemicals, but from this great distance away, we can’t accurately measure Enceladus’ overall chemistry. Newer biosignature research, including this paper, aims to identify how biological processes reorganize chemical elements in telltale ways. By looking at entire ecosystems, as Redfield did, scientists may discover new biosignatures that are less ambiguous.
If we can do that, we may discover that non-Earthly lifeforms reorganize chemicals in entirely different ways.
This research is part of a new effort to detect more than individual chemical biosignatures, some of which can be false positives. Methane, for example, can be a biosignature but can also be produced abiotically. There are others, like the recently discovered phosphine on Venus
The problem with individual biosignatures like methane is that they can have both biological and abiotic sources. This image illustrates possible ways methane might get into Mars’ atmosphere and be removed: microbes (left) under the surface that release the gas into the atmosphere, weathering of rock (right), and stored methane ice called a clathrate. Ultraviolet light can work on surface materials to produce methane as well as break it apart into other molecules (formaldehyde and methanol) to produce carbon dioxide. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SAM-GSFC/Univ. of Michigan
Understanding ecosystems as a whole is the next step. There’s a bewildering number of factors to consider. Cell size, nutrient availability, radiation, salinity, temperature. On and on. But to understand the overall chemical environment at Enceladus, Europa, or anywhere else, we need more detailed data.
Luckily, instrument science keeps improving, and upcoming missions to Europa will start to paint a fuller picture. According to the authors, the next step requires more fulsome data and a more generalized approach.
“We suggest two priorities for further astrobiological research to better understand the implications of these conclusions,” they write. “First, we echo previous calls in the astrobiology literature to explore more generalized notions of metabolism and physiology.” They also suggest that looking for direct parallels to terrestrial life in the form of biochemistry may not be the best strategy for looking for life on Enceladus.
“Second, we recommend broadening the scope of Earth analogue environments to include those with extreme resource supply ratios mirroring that suggested for Enceladus,” they explain.
Our understanding of habitability grows incrementally, as this study clearly shows. There’ll likely be no revelatory moments where we suddenly understand it.
Nature has created a vast variety of worlds, each with its own chemistry. While using tools like the Redfield ratio as a lens is one way of looking at these worlds in all their unique glory, we can’t get tunnel vision.
While most of what our imaginations dream up about life on other worlds is fanciful and unlikely, life could’ve found another way on Enceladus. There could be different ways that life exists in and reorganizes chemical environments
Archaeologists in Belgium have demonstrated that spearthrowers were used for launching projectiles armed with tanged flint points at the Early Upper Paleolithic site of Maisières-Canal around 31,000 years ago.
Coppe et al. identified the use of spearthrower around 31,000 years ago at the Early Upper Paleolithic site of Maisières-Canal, Belgium.
Image credit: Neanderthal Museum.
Humans have been hunter-gatherers for most of our past, but scientists still lack knowledge about what our prehistoric ancestors gathered and how they hunted because of the near lack of organic preservation at Paleolithic sites.
Of these two modes of subsistence, hunting tends to be better visible archaeologically because it can leave behind durable stone and bone implements that once served as weapon components.
Four weapon systems — thrusted spears, thrown spears, the spearthrower, and the bow — are assumed to have existed in the Stone Age, but the timing of their invention and their possible co-existence remain debated.
“Until now, the early weapons have been infamously hard to detect at archaeological sites because they were made of organic components that preserve rarely,” said lead author Dr. Justin Coppe, a researcher in TraceoLab at the University of Liège.
“Stone points that armed ancient projectiles and that are much more frequently encountered at archaeological excavations have been difficult to connect to particular weapons reliably.”
“Most recently published claims for early use of spearthrowers and bows in Europe and Africa have relied exclusively on projectile point size to link them to these weapon systems.”
“However, ethnographic reviews and experimental testing have cast serious doubt on this line of reasoning by showing that arrow, dart, and spear tips can be highly variable in size, with overlapping ranges.”
A tanged point from the site of Maisières-Canal, Belgium.
Image credit: Coppe et al., doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45554-w.
In the research, Dr. Coppe and colleagues examined a sample of 329 flint artifacts from the site of Maisières-Canal, which is located in Belgium near the town of Mons, on the northern edge of the alluvial plain of the Haine.
“Maisières-Canal is a reference site for the Early Upper Paleolithic of north-west Europe and one of the few Early Upper Paleolithic open-air sites known from the region,” the researchers said.
“The site has been interpreted as having a single main Early Upper Paleolithic occupation layer that shows limited vertical displacement of finds.”
“Thirteen radiocarbon dates consistently place the occupation to around 28,000-31,000 years ago.”
The excellent preservation of the stone points, their large number, their distinct morphologies, and recent technological analyses that allowed their careful experimental replication presented a unique opportunity to reconstruct the delivery systems with which the projectiles were shot.
“We carried out a large-scale experiment in which we fired replicas of Paleolithic projectiles using different weapons such as spears, bows and spearthrowers,” said Dr. Noora Taipale, also from TraceoLab at the University of Liège.
“By carefully examining the fractures on these stone points, we were able to understand how each weapon affected the fracturing of the points when they impacted the target.”
Examples of experimental thrusting spears and javelins armed with replicas of the archaeological flint points.
Credit: TraceoLab/ULiège
“Each weapon left distinct marks on the stone points, enabling us to match these marks to archaeological finds.”
“In a way, it’s like identifying a gun from the marks the barrel leaves on a bullet, a practice known from forensic science.”
“The excellent match between the experimental spearthrower sample and the Maisières-Canal projectiles confirmed that the hunters occupying the site used these weapons.”
The findings push back the dates for spearthrower use in Europe by over 10,000 years.
“Representing the first attempt to carefully consider the idiosyncrasies of different prehistoric weapons in all their complexity, our results provide the thus far oldest reliable evidence for the use of long-range weaponry in prehistoric hunting,” the scientists said.
The study was published in the journal Scientific Reports.
J. Coppe et al. 2023. Terminal ballistic analysis of impact fractures reveals the use of spearthrower 31 ky ago at Maisières-Canal, Belgium. Sci Rep 13, 18305; doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45554-w
NASA heeft een verbluffende nieuwe afbeelding van Jupiter vrijgegeven, vastgelegd door de Hubble Space Telescope! Op de afbeelding verschijnt de grootste planeet in ons zonnestelsel in een compositie van ultraviolet licht.
De Hubble heeft de planeet ook in zichtbaar licht getoond, waar een grote rode vlek te zien is, die in ultraviolette golflengten blauw lijkt en een storm vertegenwoordigt.Deze gegevens maken deel uit van een onderzoek naar diepe waterwolken in de atmosfeer vanJupiter.
DeHubbleheeft een geschiedenis van het bestuderen van externe planeten en, met zijn ultraviolette mogelijkheden, maakt het de analyse van kosmische fenomenen en de evolutie van sterrenstelsels mogelijk.
Daytime Tic Tac UFO sighting filmed in Clovis, California
Daytime Tic Tac UFO sighting filmed in Clovis, California
The quiet skies of Clovis, California, became the canvas for an extraordinary celestial enigma as local resident Jason Beard’s casual glance upwards turned into a brush with the unknown. The skies, often a gateway to the stars, seemingly tore open the fabric of reality to present a sight that would stir the town with whispers of extraterrestrial visitors. Beard’s account and subsequent video footage have thrust the small Californian town into the limelight, adding a riveting chapter to the annals of UFO sightings.
The UFO in question, a Tic Tac-shaped anomaly, streaked across the midday sky, exhibiting behavior and characteristics that defied conventional understanding. This object did not just pass unnoticed; it left an indelible mark on the community, sparking debate, analysis, and the undivided attention of UFO enthusiasts worldwide.
With a fervor characteristic of the most ardent truth-seekers, Beard’s video was scrutinized by a so-called UFO expert. Through specialized software, a startling revelation was made: a “big ball of energy” appeared to envelop the craft, setting the social media sphere ablaze with speculation. Was this an advanced propulsion mechanism or something even more profound?
In the digital era, where drones and satellites are common, it’s not every day that a sighting manages to pierce through the veil of skepticism and ignite the collective imagination. The Clovis sighting has done just that, with its blend of mystery and visual evidence creating the perfect storm of intrigue.
Let’s delve into what makes this sighting a headliner in the world of UFO sightings:
The Shape and Speed:The iconic Tic Tac shape, also echoed in military sightings, presents an aerodynamic conundrum. Its seamless velocity points to technology that is not yet available to the public.
The Daylight Factor: Most UFO sightings occur at night, making it easier to dismiss them as misidentified planes or atmospheric phenomena. A clear-day sighting provides higher clarity, leaving fewer places for doubt to hide.
The Witness’s Conviction: Beard, having observed the skies for years, asserted the novelty of this encounter with the confidence of someone who has seen it all—yet nothing like this.
So, what could it be? A secret military experiment? A drone of unknown origin? Or perhaps a visit from an otherworldly civilization? The debate continues, fueled by the enigmatic nature of the sighting and the human yearning for answers.
As the Clovis incident takes its place among the most talked-about UFO sightings, one thing is clear: the sky is not just a space over our heads; it’s a domain of endless possibilities and, sometimes, mysterious visitors.
In the quest for truth, the skies above Clovis have become a theatre where the curious and the skeptical alike gaze upwards, pondering the vastness of our universe and the potential for encounters that shake the core of our understanding. Whether terrestrial or not, the Clovis UFO sighting is a reminder that, sometimes, looking up can be the beginning of an extraordinary journey.
Shocking new video by James Fox: “Feels like someone is trying to extinguish my career, it’s pretty terrifying.”
Shocking new video by James Fox: “Feels like someone is trying to extinguish my career, it’s pretty terrifying.”
In the tranquil solitude of nature, filmmaker James Fox often reflects on his groundbreaking work, piecing together narratives that challenge our understanding of the unknown. Known for his compelling documentaries delving into the enigmatic realm of UFOs, Fox has dedicated his recent years to uncovering the layers of secrecy surrounding unidentified aerial phenomena. However, a recent turn of events, as revealed in a distressing video to his social media followers, suggests that Fox is now navigating through the most tumultuous chapter of his career.
Fox, who has become a significant voice in the UFO documentary scene, has spent the last few years interviewing credible witnesses and military officials, earning him a reputation for his earnest search for truth in a field often clouded by skepticism. His documentaries, such as “I Know What I Saw” and “Out of the Blue,” have been pivotal in bringing the discussion of UFOs into the mainstream, presenting meticulously researched evidence to the public.
The filmmaker’s exploration of the Varginha UFO incident, Brazil’s own Roswell, encapsulates his commitment to shedding light on such encounters. By examining this 1996 event, where residents of Varginha reported seeing creatures and a UFO, Fox has contributed to preserving the narrative while igniting fresh discussions on the topic.
Yet, in a somber and unexpected announcement from his favorite spot – a place of reflection and solace – Fox shared with his followers that he has been grappling with profound challenges aimed at his professional endeavors. With palpable concern in his voice, he alludes to an unseen battle that has been waging for six months, suggesting a targeted effort to “extinguish” his career, leaving him feeling “pretty terrifying.”
Although details were sparse due to legal constraints, Fox’s message conveyed a dire sense of urgency and vulnerability. The decision to address his audience directly, ahead of a more detailed revelation promised for later in the week, speaks to the gravity of the situation and his reliance on the community’s support.
Fox’s commitment to his work has never been in question, but this current adversity reveals the fragile intersection where pioneering research meets the machinations of power structures resistant to disclosure. His journey is a stark reminder of the complexities facing those who dare to question and uncover truths that may unsettle the status quo.
While the full extent of Fox’s current predicament remains shrouded, what is clear is his unwavering passion for his craft and the causes he champions. As the UFO community and the public await further details with bated breath, the resilience of this tenacious filmmaker is being tested.
This unfolding story serves as a poignant narrative of a man deeply entrenched in the search for truth, standing firm against forces that threaten to silence his voice. James Fox’s plight is not merely his own but resonates with anyone who has faced adversity in pursuit of their life’s work. As Fox prepares to share more with the world, his experience underscores the complexities of challenging entrenched beliefs and the courage required to confront the unknown, both in the skies above and in the trials we face on the ground.
When I was a young fast-stream civil servant at the UK Cabinet Office in the 1990s, the Government seemed to have a line-to-take on everything. There would be an official, maybe in a far-flung division of an obscure department, responsible for each policy, as hard as it might be to find that person and track them down.
I think my observation remains true today concerning the UK Government’s policy on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAPs), even if the Government tries hard to make it appear as though there is no policy and that no one is in charge.
The UK’s Ministry of Defence used to have a ‘UFO Desk,’ which is where Nick Pope is said to have worked in the 1990s. Famously, the then-Secretary of State, Bob Ainsworth, announced the closure of the desk in 2009 under the following logic:
“In more than 50 years, no UFO sighting … has indicated the existence of any military threat to the UK; there is no defence benefit in … recording, collating, analysing, or investigating UFO sightings”
and
“the level of resources devoted to this task is … diverting staff from more valuable defence-related activities”.
Yet, at a time when the United States has set up the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) to investigate UAP sightings, have held a hearing on UAPs in the House of Representatives, and have the Schumer amendment on UAP transparency making its way through Congress, are we really to believe that the UK Government has no resources focusing on UAPs?
Speaking to Julian Worricker on the World Tonight program on August 3rd, David Grusch, one of those UAP whistleblowers who provided testimony under oath to the U.S. Congress, said information about UAPs “does cross into other countries and other allies to include the Five Eyes alliance,” which echoes the statement from Sean Kirkpatrick, Director of AARO, on May 31st that in the previous week, he had met with the Five Eyes to discuss UAP data collection and collaboration.
The Five Eyes Alliance is an intelligence-sharing network between the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. So clearly, the UK is interested and involved in some capacity.
According to files from the National Archives, Carl Mantell of the RAF’s Air Command was the civil servant who penned the advice to Sir Bob Ainsworth in 2009 on the UFO desk closure. So, presumably, he was in the UFO policy hot seat then. But who might be in charge of UAP policymaking today?
Looking across the Machinery of Government, I suspect that policy for UAPs is spread across the Cabinet Office, Ministry of Defence, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). With operational involvement of the Royal Air Force, DE&S, and DSTL. Plus, in all likelihood, some private contractor support, both from UK Aerospace companies and UK subsidiaries of US contractors.
Somewhere within the U.K. Government, someone is responsible. The ‘UFO desk’ lives on under another name.
I suspect, too, that the civil servant in question is growing increasingly alarmed at the level of dissonance between the current line-to-take and the way in which events are unfolding. A friend of mine received a reply from “Air Command Secretariat” at the MOD that contained the following rather extraordinary paragraph:
“I must inform you that the MOD has no opinion on the existence of either extraterrestrials, Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) or Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs). While I recognise you have used the term Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena, the Department does not recognise this term, and I have therefore answered your question using our definition of UAP.”
The response goes on to repeat the 2009 Sir Bob Ainsworth line about there being no military threat. This feels like a tired reply that is past its sell-by date. I am sure that there are civil servants in the areas in question who are coming to this view, too.
By continuing to employ this line-to-take, the Government is delegitimizing conversations about UAPs. Taking away people’s voices on the topic leads to bad policymaking. If civil servants are inhibited from discussing the UAP topic – not only with the public but also with other branches of government – they cannot fully consider people’s needs, develop options, and offer their thinking up for constructive challenge.
Take flight safety risks. In June 2021, the US Office of the Director of National Intelligence produced a Preliminary Assessment on UAPs that stated:
“Most of the UAP reported probably do represent physical objects…”
and
“UAP clearly pose a safety of flight issue.”
One might reasonably expect the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) to have been in touch with the US authorities about this statement and to have conducted a risk assessment on flight safety risk.
“Please provide copies of any risk assessments (quantified or unquantified) that the Civil Aviation Authority has carried out to assure itself that the existing measures in place are sufficient to protect pilots and air passengers from any risks associated with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAPs). Please, further, provide copies of correspondence in relation to the risk from UAPs to and from air safety andregulatory bodies in the United States; and any guidance given to pilots about UAP risks.”
The response that came back was as follows:
“Following a review of held information it has been determined, on the balance of probability, that the CAA holds no information within scope of the above original enquiry.”
My subsequent requests to try to get an explanation as to why they have not carried out a risk assessment or been in touch with the US authorities have not been answered. A request for a meeting was denied.
Of course. What else could the Head of Safety at the CAA do? He is not permitted to acknowledge the legitimacy of the UAP topic, so he is not able to talk to me or offer a substantive response to my question. Does anybody think this is good for pilots or air passengers? Or for confidence in air regulation and safety?
Another area in which this absence of a policy is causing real damage is the lack of physical and psychological health support for people affected by seeing anomalous objects in the sky. Sometimes called ‘experiencers’, these individuals are harmed in two ways: first from seeing something potentially frightening and then, when they ask for help, by being told directly or implicitly by doctors and other health professionals that they are mistaken or unwell. What are individual doctors to do when their professional bodies, such as the General Medical Council and the Royal Colleges, offer no guidance on the topic? Again, as with the CAA example above, it is the lack of a policy position on UAPs from the Government that is the fundamental problem.
On this front, I am part of a team that is setting up a new organization to help. We are establishing uNHIdden to promote mental health and well-being around anomalous experiences, as well as to help reduce anxiety around non-human intelligence and disclosure. It will be set up as a charity formally in the new year. uNHIdden has a medical board made up of doctors and clinical psychologists who are keen to help develop strategies that support both patients and therapists in this difficult area.
uNHIdden mirrors and works closely with UAP Med, which is based in the US and is focused on mitigating the effects of UAP/UFO exposures on witnesses, families, communities and society. Founder and Director Ted Roe explains his philosophy as follows:
“Like uNHIdden, our focus is on looking after and supporting the people affected by unexplained objects and unusual sightings. We need both strategies and front-line care to help people whose lives literally change in the instant that they see something that they cannot explain. At present, these people seem largely ignored.”
There are now indications that things may be about to change. Writing in Liberation Times on 13th October in an article, “The United Kingdom and the Looming UFO Paradigm Shift,” British journalist Christopher Sharp wrote:
“Multiple sources have informed Liberation Times that they anticipate some form of confirmation regarding programs linked to crafts of unknown or non-human origin in 2024, which lack any mundane explanation.
“If events continue to develop on this trajectory in the US, it will become abundantly clear that the prospects for maintaining the status quo [on UAP policy], as pursued by some individuals within the UK Government, are rapidly diminishing.”
Chris adds that senior UK Members of Parliament are closely following the UAP topic, but fear talking publicly on the topic due to associated stigma.
This seems optimistic. I must say I have a great deal of sympathy for the civil servant who finds him- or herself in the UAP hot seat today. They did not construct the “no military threat” line 14 years ago. Nor are they responsible for 80 years of obfuscation and denial. Plus, there is no UK equivalent of AARO or the Schumer Amendment, on which to hang a new line-to-take that shows the Government in a positive, proactive light.
Here is my thinking. The Government does not need to go “full tonto” (as Ben Wallace might say) on UAP disclosure; it just needs to show that it is taking the topic seriously. If I may offer a suggested new line-to-take, it would be something like the following:
“The Government acknowledges the legitimacy of observations of anomalous objects in the sky. We are working with our international partners to investigate the causes and their implications.”
This would be transformational in that it would start to reduce the stigma associated with the UAP topic. People who have seen unusual things would be able to feel that their experiences were seen as legitimate, so they could start to seek the help they need. Many in the ‘UAP community’ may feel that this line-to-take does not go far enough. But it would be a start. A journey of a thousand miles, and all that.
We at uNHIdden want to play a constructive part in helping to shape the future support of people affected by anomalous experiences. As well as starting to help create better conversations on the UAP topic.
I hope that the U.K. Government is listening.
John Priestland is the Founder and Chairman of uNHIdden (www.unhidden.org).
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.