The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
31-01-2024
Astronomers spot 18 black holes gobbling up nearby stars
Astronomers spot 18 black holes gobbling up nearby stars
The detections more than double the number of known tidal disruption events in the nearby universe.
Jennifer Chu|MIT News
Star-shredding black holes are everywhere in the sky if you just know how to look for them. That’s one message from a new study by MIT scientists, appearing today in the Astrophysical Journal.
The study’s authors are reporting the discovery of 18 new tidal disruption events (TDEs) — extreme instances when a nearby star is tidally drawn into a black hole and ripped to shreds. As the black hole feasts, it gives off an enormous burst of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum.
Astronomers have detected previous tidal disruption events by looking for characteristic bursts in the optical and X-ray bands. To date, these searches have revealed about a dozen star-shredding events in the nearby universe. The MIT team’s new TDEs more than double the catalog of known TDEs in the universe.
The researchers spotted these previously “hidden” events by looking in an unconventional band: infrared. In addition to giving off optical and X-ray bursts, TDEs can generate infrared radiation, particularly in “dusty” galaxies, where a central black hole is enshrouded with galactic debris. The dust in these galaxies normally absorbs and obscures optical and X-ray light, and any sign of TDEs in these bands. In the process, the dust also heats up, producing infrared radiation that is detectable. The team found that infrared emissions, therefore, can serve as a sign of tidal disruption events.
By looking in the infrared band, the MIT team picked out many more TDEs, in galaxies where such events were previously hidden. The 18 new events occurred in different types of galaxies, scattered across the sky.
“The majority of these sources don’t show up in optical bands,” says lead author Megan Masterson, a graduate student in MIT’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research. “If you want to understand TDEs as a whole and use them to probe supermassive black hole demographics, you need to look in the infrared band.”
Other MIT authors include Kishalay De, Christos Panagiotou, Anna-Christina Eilers, Danielle Frostig, and Robert Simcoe, and MIT assistant professor of physics Erin Kara, along with collaborators from multiple institutions including the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany.
Heat spike
The team recently detected the closest TDE yet, by searching through infrared observations. The discovery opened a new, infrared-based route by which astronomers can search for actively feeding black holes.
That first detection spurred the group to comb for more TDEs. For their new study, the researchers searched through archival observations taken by NEOWISE — the renewed version of NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. This satellite telescope launched in 2009 and after a brief hiatus has continued to scan the entire sky for infrared “transients,” or brief bursts.
The team looked through the mission’s archived observations using an algorithm developed by co-author Kishalay De. This algorithm picks out patterns in infrared emissions that are likely signs of a transient burst of infrared radiation. The team then cross-referenced the flagged transients with a catalog of all known nearby galaxies within 200 megaparsecs, or 600 million light years. They found that infrared transients could be traced to about 1,000 galaxies.
They then zoomed in on the signal of each galaxy’s infrared burst to determine whether the signal arose from a source other than a TDE, such as an active galactic nucleus or a supernova. After ruling out these possibilities, the team then analyzed the remaining signals, looking for an infrared pattern that is characteristic of a TDE — namely, a sharp spike followed by a gradual dip, reflecting a process by which a black hole, in ripping apart a star, suddenly heats up the surrounding dust to about 1,000 kelvins before gradually cooling down.
This analysis revealed 18 “clean” signals of tidal disruption events. The researchers took a survey of the galaxies in which each TDE was found, and saw that they occurred in a range of systems, including dusty galaxies, across the entire sky.
“If you looked up in the sky and saw a bunch of galaxies, the TDEs would occur representatively in all of them,” Masteron says. “It’s not that they’re only occurring in one type of galaxy, as people thought based only on optical and X-ray searches.”
“It is now possible to peer through the dust and complete the census of nearby TDEs,” says Edo Berger, professor of astronomy at Harvard University, who was not involved with the study. “A particularly exciting aspect of this work is the potential of follow-up studies with large infrared surveys, and I’m excited to see what discoveries they will yield.”
A dusty solution
The team’s discoveries help to resolve some major questions in the study of tidal disruption events. For instance, prior to this work, astronomers had mostly seen TDEs in one type of galaxy — a “post-starburst” system that had previously been a star-forming factory, but has since settled. This galaxy type is rare, and astronomers were puzzled as to why TDEs seemed to be popping up only in these rarer systems. It so happens that these systems are also relatively devoid of dust, making a TDE’s optical or X-ray emissions naturally easier to detect.
Now, by looking in the infrared band, astronomers are able to see TDEs in many more galaxies. The team’s new results show that black holes can devour stars in a range of galaxies, not only post-starburst systems.
The findings also resolve a “missing energy” problem. Physicists have theoreticially predicted that TDEs should radiate more energy than what has been actually observed. But the MIT team now say that dust may explain the discrepancy. They found that if a TDE occurs in a dusty galaxy, the dust itself could absorb not only optical and X-ray emissions but also extreme ultraviolet radiation, in an amount equivalent to the presumed “missing energy.”
The 18 new detections also are helping astronomers estimate the rate at which TDEs occur in a given galaxy. When they figure the new TDEs in with previous detections, they estimate a galaxy experiences a tidal disruption event once every 50,000 years. This rate comes closer to physicists’ theoretical predictions. With more infrared observations, the team hopes to resolve the rate of TDEs, and the properties of the black holes that power them.
“People were coming up with very exotic solutions to these puzzles, and now we’ve come to the point where we can resolve all of them,” Kara says. “This gives us confidence that we don’t need all this exotic physics to explain what we’re seeing. And we have a better handle on the mechanics behind how a star gets ripped apart and gobbled up by a black hole. We’re understanding these systems better.”
Astronomers Discover 18 New Tidal Disruption Events
Astronomers Discover 18 New Tidal Disruption Events
A tidal disruption event occurs when a star winds up so close to a supermassive black hole that the tidal forces exceed the star’s self-gravity and shred the star; as the black hole feasts, it gives off an enormous burst of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum.
Masterson et al. identified 18 new tidal disruption events — extreme instances when a nearby star is tidally drawn into a black hole and ripped to shreds.
Image credit: Masterson et al., doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad18bb.
“The majority of the new sources don’t show up in optical bands,” said Megan Masterson, a graduate student in MIT’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research.
“If you want to understand tidal disruption events (TDEs) as a whole and use them to probe supermassive black hole demographics, you need to look in the infrared band.”
Masterson and her colleagues recently detected the closest TDE yet, by searching through infrared observations.
The discovery opened a new, infrared-based route by which astronomers can search for actively feeding black holes.
That first detection spurred the group to comb for more TDEs.
For their new study, the researchers searched through archival observations taken by NASA’s NEOWISE mission.
They looked through the mission’s archived observations using an algorithm that picks out patterns in infrared emissions — likely signs of a transient burst of infrared radiation.
They then cross-referenced the flagged transients with a catalog of all known nearby galaxies within 600 million light-years.
They found that infrared transients could be traced to about 1,000 galaxies.
The authors then zoomed in on the signal of each galaxy’s infrared burst to determine whether the signal arose from a source other than a TDE, such as an active galactic nucleus or a supernova.
After ruling out these possibilities, the team then analyzed the remaining signals, looking for an infrared pattern that is characteristic of a TDE — namely, a sharp spike followed by a gradual dip, reflecting a process by which a black hole, in ripping apart a star, suddenly heats up the surrounding dust to about 1,000 K before gradually cooling down.
The team’s analysis revealed 18 clean signals of tidal disruption events.
The authors took a survey of the galaxies in which each TDE was found, and saw that they occurred in a range of systems, including dusty galaxies, across the entire sky.
“If you looked up in the sky and saw a bunch of galaxies, the TDEs would occur representatively in all of them,” Masteron said.
“It’s not that they’re only occurring in one type of galaxy, as people thought based only on optical and X-ray searches.”
“It is now possible to peer through the dust and complete the census of nearby TDEs,” said Harvard University’s Professor Edo Berger.
“A particularly exciting aspect of this work is the potential of follow-up studies with large infrared surveys, and I’m excited to see what discoveries they will yield.”
The new discoveries help to resolve some major questions in the study of TDEs.
For instance, prior to this work, astronomers had mostly seen TDEs in one type of galaxy — a post-starburst system that had previously been a star-forming factory, but has since settled.
This galaxy type is rare, and astronomers were puzzled as to why TDEs seemed to be popping up only in these rarer systems.
It so happens that these systems are also relatively devoid of dust, making a TDE’s optical or X-ray emissions naturally easier to detect.
Now, by looking in the infrared band, astronomers are able to see TDEs in many more galaxies.
The team’s new results show that black holes can devour stars in a range of galaxies, not only post-starburst systems.
The findings also resolve a missing energy problem. Physicists have theoretically predicted that TDEs should radiate more energy than what has been actually observed.
But the authors now say that dust may explain the discrepancy. They found that if a TDE occurs in a dusty galaxy, the dust itself could absorb not only optical and X-ray emissions but also extreme ultraviolet radiation, in an amount equivalent to the presumed ‘missing energy.’
The 18 new detections also are helping astronomers estimate the rate at which TDEs occur in a given galaxy.
When they figure the new TDEs in with previous detections, they estimate a galaxy experiences a tidal disruption event once every 50,000 years.
This rate comes closer to physicists’ theoretical predictions. With more infrared observations, the team hopes to resolve the rate of TDEs, and the properties of the black holes that power them.
“People were coming up with very exotic solutions to these puzzles, and now we’ve come to the point where we can resolve all of them,” said MIT’s Dr. Erin Kara.
“This gives us confidence that we don’t need all this exotic physics to explain what we’re seeing.”
“And we have a better handle on the mechanics behind how a star gets ripped apart and gobbled up by a black hole. We’re understanding these systems better.”
The team’s paper was published in the Astrophysical Journal.
Megan Masterson et al. 2024. A New Population of Mid-infrared-selected Tidal Disruption Events: Implications for Tidal Disruption Event Rates and Host Galaxy Properties. ApJ 961, 211; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad18bb
12 Archaeological Finds That Show the Bible is Real Over the centuries, archaeologists have made discoveries that confirm the historical accuracy of the Bible. From artifacts to cities, here are 12 remarkable finds that provide evidence for the Bible's reliability.
Seal of King Hezekiah Discovered in Jerusalem In 2009, archaeologists uncovered a seal belonging to King Hezekiah, who ruled Jerusalem in the 8th century BC. The artifact features his name and iconography, verifying the king's identity and reign as described in 2 Kings.
This rare discovery substantiates that Hezekiah was a real historical figure, confirming the Bible's account of his rule during a pivotal period. The artifact also validates the scripture's depiction of governmental practices at the time.
Ancient Biblical Scrolls Found Intact in Qumran Caves In 1947, Bedouin shepherds stumbled upon jars in Qumran housing incredibly preserved Dead Sea Scrolls. These manuscripts contain Hebrew texts of every Old Testament book except Esther, verifying the Bible's historical integrity.
The Dead Sea Scrolls provide tangible proof that biblical accounts were recorded accurately, remaining unchanged for over a thousand years. They also open a window into early Judaism and the roots of Christianity.
According to John 5:2-9, Jesus healed a paralyzed man by the pool with five porches in Bethesda. In the 19th century, archaeologists found this large reservoir near Jerusalem's Sheep Gate surrounded by four colonnaded porticoes. Coincidence? I think not.
This discovery of the rare pentagonal pool confirms the existence and recognition of Bethesda during the Second Temple times. It also verifies the setting of this Gospel narrative regarding one of Christ's miracles.
House of King David Reference Found on Ancient Inscription In 1993, archaeologists discovered the earliest extra-biblical reference to the dynasty of King David on the Tel Dan inscription. The fragment explicitly uses the phrase "House of David" validating the biblical King's line.
This artifact provides concrete evidence that David had a ruling family - a fact often disputed by a multitude of scholars worldwide. It confirms that the biblical account of a Davidic line of kings is factual, not mythical.
Ancient Remains of the Coastal City Tyre Unearthed In Ezekiel 26, the prophet predicts the destruction of Tyre at the hands of Nebuchadnezzar. Excavations have revealed sieges, collapsed walls, and ruins - evidence of this demise.
With ancient cities, absence of evidence doesn't mean evidence of absence. In Tyre's case, the unequaled, lasting ruins testify to the Bible's account coming true concerning the city's great collapse.
Siloam Pool Where Jesus Healed Blind Man Identified According to the Gospel of John, Jesus commanded a blind man to wash the mud from his eyes in the Pool of Siloam located southeast of Jerusalem.
In 2004, archaeologists uncovered the remains of this very pool dating back to the Second Temple Period, providing geographical context for the Gospel account.
Inscription Bearing Name of Pontius Pilate Found at Herod's Palace In 1961, Italian archaeologists excavating Herod's palace near Bethlehem uncovered a limestone block bearing the inscription "Pontius Pilate, Prefect of Judea" confirming he governed during the time of Jesus. This artifact cements Pilate as a verifiable biblical figure who sentenced Jesus to crucifixion. It also supports the historical accuracy of crucifixion as a punishment used by the Romans during that period.
This discovery verifies Caesarea as Pilate's center of administration, where he would travel from Jerusalem. As part of Herod the Great's coastal palace, the identification of this stone lintel definitively proves Pilate and Herod both occupied this complex. The artifact's origin from this important site also anchors the pivotal biblical moments between these two rulers in a real geographic location during a volatile political era in Judea's history.
Hometown Proof: Remains of Nazareth Houses Excavated Some historians questioned Nazareth's existence since the New Testament mentions it as Jesus' childhood town. However, house remains were uncovered in 2009 proving a small village existed there in Jesus' time.
This evidence categorically refutes skepticism over whether Nazareth was still inhabited between the 7th century BC and the late 1st century AD when Jesus lived there. It bolsters the scriptural authenticity regarding Christ's upbringing.
Western Wall Ruins Demonstrate Jewish Temple Destruction According to historical sources, the Second Temple fell in 70 AD after a Roman siege. The sole survivor - the Western Wall - still stands in Jerusalem's Old City testifying to this catastrophic biblical event.
The remains of Judaism's holiest site prove its documented destruction, providing visible confirmation regarding this pivotal moment. They also illustrate the Wailing Wall's enduring spiritual significance.
Seaside Town Capernaum is Confirmed as Jesus' Base In the Gospels, Capernaum by the Sea of Galilee serves as Jesus' home base during his ministry. In 1838, American explorer Edward Robinson pinpointed its location, with excavations uncovering fishing equipment, houses, and roads.
Archaeological evidence substantiates Capernaum as a fishing village inhabited from the 2nd century BC to the 11th century AD. This proves Jesus could have made it central for performing miracles and preaching to crowds as recounted in Gospel passages.
Rare Limestone Inscription Confirms Pontius Pilate's Role In 1961, archaeologists recovered a partial inscription bearing "Pontius Pilate, Prefect of Judea" who authorized Jesus' crucifixion per the Bible. This stone lintel was reused in Herod's palace near Bethlehem.
As the only non-biblical reference to Pilate, it puts to rest doubts over his existence and governance in Judea. It also supports the scriptural timeline, placing his rule from 26 to 36 AD aligning with Jesus' death.
Evidence of Christ's Path on Via Dolorosa Street Unearthed The winding Via Dolorosa through Jerusalem's Old City is believed to have been the route Jesus walked, carrying his cross. Excavations revealed flagged paving stones from Hadrian's time.
This discovery dates the pathway to the 1st century AD, coinciding with the Holy Week timeline. The unearthed street spans the entire Via Dolorosa, lending credence that Christ trod this path during his agonizing journey.
Nearby Garden Tomb Offers Evidence Supporting Christ's Burial Just outside Jerusalem's Old City walls, a rock-cut tomb reflecting the 1st-century burial style resides in a garden setting. This site's location and features suggest it is a strong candidate for Jesus' grave.
While its precise authenticity is debated, this tomb's characteristics match John's description. Nearby rock features also point to evidence of crucifixion taking place there, indicating the site's credible link to Jesus' death and burial.
Artifacts Support Biblical Exodus Account of Enslaved Israelites For years skeptics doubted the Biblical Exodus story due to the absence of artifacts in Egypt's archaeological records. However, evidence found confirms slavery practices, brick-making methods, and living conditions align with scriptural accounts.
These small fragments provide subtle clues that echo the biblical story of Hebrew enslavement by Egypt's pharaohs. They present strands in a complex historical tapestry that lends plausibility to the scriptural narrative.
Tangibility from Texts to Towns that Affirms Scripture Spanning thousands of years, these 12 archaeological discoveries shed light on biblical events and figures that reshaped spiritual history. The unearthed ruins, artifacts, and inscriptions make tangible what was once only ink on parchment.
From the monumental Jerusalem temple remains to a fragment bearing Pilate's name, the physical evidence paints a portrait aligned with scriptural accounts - affirming its historical authenticity through the ages.
The legend of Area 51—and why it still fascinates us
The legend of Area 51—and why it still fascinates us
Secluded in the Nevada desert, the military base has long been associated with alien and UFO sightings. Here's the real history behind the conspiracy theories.
UFO believers look for suspicious spacecraft during a UFO and Vortex Tour in Sedona, Arizona. This composite image is a combination of six photographs taken in 2017 through night vision goggles.
PHOTOGRAPH BY COMPOSITE JENNIFER EMERLING
Each year, Area 51’s mythology draws tourists from around the world. People come to the air base near Rachel, Nevada, in hopes to catch a glimpse of otherworldly spacecrafts.
The legend of Area 51 has been discredited for years—but some of its history is based on true events. Here’s what you need to know about Area 51.
Where is Area 51?
About 120 miles northwest of Las Vegas, somewhere between mile markers 29 and 30 along Nevada’s “Extraterrestrial Highway” (State Highway 375), lies an unmarked dirt road. Although no buildings are visible from the asphalt, the track leads to Groom Lake or Homey Airport—as it’s called on civilian aviation maps.
For those in the know, this road leads to a military base with many unofficial names: Paradise Ranch; Watertown; Dreamland Resort; Red Square; The Box; and The Ranch; Nevada Test and Training Range; Detachment 3, Air Force Flight Test Centre (Det. 3, AFFTC); and Area 51.
Earthlings are welcome at the restaurant and bar Little A’Le’Inn in Rachel, Nevada—a popular stop on the pilgrimage to Area 51.
The UFO Research Center library opened to the public in 1992 as part of the UFO Museum in Roswell, New Mexico. The library holds an extensive collection of reference materials on the history of extraterrestrial encounters and related phenomena.
The UFO Research Center library opened to the public in 1992 as part of the UFO Museum in Roswell, New Mexico. The library holds an extensive collection of reference materials on the history of extraterrestrial encounters and related phenomena.
Before World War II, the area near Groom Lake was used for silver and lead mining. Once the war began, the military took over the remote area and began conducting research: mainly nuclear and weapons testing.
Why build a secret base in the desert?
About 200,000 people visit the International UFO Museum and Research Center in Roswell, New Mexico each year.
When the CIA started developing spy reconnaissance planes during the Cold War, then-CIA Director Richard Bissell, Jr. realised a private base was needed to build and test prototypes.
In 1955, he and Lockheed aircraft designer Kelly Johnson selected the secluded airfield at Groom Lake to be their headquarters. The Atomic Energy Commission added the base to the existing map of the Nevada Test Site and labeled the site Area 51.
Within eight months, engineers developed the U-2 plane, which could soar at an altitude of 70,000 feet—much higher than any other aircraft at the time. This allowed pilots to fly well above Soviet radar, missiles, and enemy aircraft.
After a U-2 was shot down by a Soviet anti-air missile in 1960, the CIA began developing the next generation of spy plane at Area 51: the titanium-bodied A-12. Nearly undetectable to radar, the A-12 could fly across the continental United States in 70 minutes at 2,200 miles an hour. The plane also was equipped with cameras that could, from an altitude of 90,000 feet, photograph objects just one-foot long on the ground.
Aliens and UFOs become part of Area 51 lore
Area 51 became forever associated with aliens in 1989 after a man claiming to have worked there, Robert Lazar, gave an interview with a Las Vegas news station. Lazar claimed that Area 51 housed and studied alien spacecraft and that his job was to recreate the technology for military use.
The world’s only spaceship-shaped McDonald’s attracts UFO tourists in Roswell, New Mexico.
However, Lazar’s credentials were soon discredited: according to school records Lazar never went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology or California Institute of Technology, as he claimed. At the time though, engineers at Area 51 were studying and recreating advanced aircraft—just aircraft acquired from other countries, not from outer space.
Nevertheless, with all of the high-tech flights out of Area 51—including more than 2,850 takeoffs by the A-12—reports of unidentifiable flying objects skyrocketed in the area.
An alien face is woven into the chain link fence outside a shopping center in Roswell, New Mexico.
“The aircraft’s titanium body, moving as fast as a bullet, would reflect the sun’s rays in a way that could make anyone think, UFO,” sources told journalist Annie Jacobsen for her 2011 book on Area 51.
Is the truth out there?
The government formally acknowledged the existence of Area 51 for the first time in 2013 when the CIA declassified documents about the development of the U-2 and A-12. Previously, locals knew something odd was happening in the desert but details were scarce and hard to verify.
Area 51 is still an active base—but the purpose it has served since the 1970s is a top-secret mystery. It will be a few more decades, at least, until current work is declassified and available to the public.
Two humans and their backseat stowaway drive to Roswell, New Mexico, famous for a supposed alien spaceship crash in 1947. Some conspiracy theorists believe remains from the Roswell crash were taken to Area 51, a secret military base near Rachel, Nevada, to study.
The site continues to be a pillar of U.S. alien mythology. A 2019 interview with Lazar on a popular podcast inspired a “Storm Area 51” event, in which about 6,000 people showed up in the desert to look for evidence of aliens. (It ultimately morphed into a festival celebrating all things alien.)
Even today, Area 51 draws believers and skeptics who frequent the small but thriving trail of alien-themed museums, restaurants, motels, parades, and festivals—all in hopes of discovering that the truth really is out there.
Photographer Jennifer Emerling has spent time photographing UFO culture in the American West. See more photos from the project on her website Welcome, Earthlings and her Instagram.
Editor's note:This story was originally published on September 20, 2019. It has been updated.
Area 51: A Nexus of Modern Mythology and Advanced Technology
Area 51: A Nexus of Modern Mythology and Advanced Technology
In the heart of the Nevada desert lies a place shrouded in as much mystery as it is in secrecy: Area 51. This highly classified remote detachment of Edwards Air Force Base has been the focal point of numerous conspiracy theories, mainly concerning UFOs and extraterrestrial life. Among the most captivating figures in this saga is Bob Lazar, whose controversial claims have stirred public curiosity and skepticism alike.
The Allure of Area 51
Area 51’s mystique is not just a product of modern folklore; it is rooted in its clandestine history and groundbreaking technological developments. The base’s existence was unacknowledged by the U.S. government until 2013, fueling speculation about its purpose and contents. The secrecy surrounding Area 51 is primarily due to its role as a testing ground for advanced aircraft and surveillance technology during the Cold War.
Bob Lazar: Catalyst of the Area 51 Mythos
Bob Lazar catapulted Area 51 into the public eye in 1989 with his explosive claims. Lazar alleged that he was employed at a subsidiary site near Area 51, known as S-4, where he purportedly worked on reverse engineering extraterrestrial technology. He claimed this technology was harnessed from recovered alien spacecraft and mentioned the use of an element, Moscovium (Element 115), as a power source, an element that was not synthesized until 2003. Lazar’s descriptions of the aircraft’s interiors and his assertion of alien involvement in human affairs over millennia added layers to the Area 51 narrative.
Skepticism and Scrutiny
While Lazar’s assertions have been influential, they have not escaped scrutiny. Investigations into his educational and professional background raised questions, with no records supporting his claims of studying at MIT and Caltech. Lazar countered this by suggesting a government cover-up of his identity. Despite his story’s inconsistencies, he remains a prominent and divisive figure in the discussion of Area 51 and UFOs.
Area 51 in Popular Culture
Area 51’s intrigue has transcended into popular culture, notably depicted in films like “Independence Day.” The portrayal of Area 51 as a storage site for alien technology and spacecraft in the movie further entrenched its association with extraterrestrial phenomena in the public imagination.
Advanced Technology and Aircraft Testing
Beyond the tales of alien technology, Area 51’s true significance lies in its role as a testing site for groundbreaking aviation technology. Projects like the U-2 spy plane, A-12, and the F-117 Nighthawk stealth fighter were all developed and tested here. The base has been pivotal in advancing the United States’ aerial and reconnaissance capabilities, particularly during the tense periods of the Cold War.
The Expansion of Area 51
Recent satellite imagery indicates that Area 51 has expanded since the end of the Cold War. This suggests its ongoing importance in military and aerospace development, likely focusing on new types of drone aircraft and possibly other advanced technologies.
VIDEO:
Area 51: Aliens, UFOs, Bob Lazar & Advanced Technology
Area 51 remains an enigmatic symbol at the intersection of fact and fiction. While it continues to be a hotbed for conspiracy theories and extraterrestrial folklore, its real contributions to technology and national security are undeniable. The base stands as a testament to human ingenuity and the endless pursuit of technological advancement, even as it keeps fueling our imagination about the unknown and the unexplained. As long as its full history and current operations remain concealed, Area 51 will continue to captivate and mystify as a true ‘Dreamland’.
Hoe veel verschillen wij van eerdere mensensoorten? Gefeliciteerd Homo sapiens! We zijn erin geslaagd om niet uit te sterven en hebben het goed gedaan, in tegenstelling tot andere archaïsche mensensoorten. In tegenstelling tot wat vaak wordt gedacht, verliep onze evolutie niet lineair. In feite leefden er in dezelfde periode andere mensensoorten naast ons. Wij Homo sapiens vermengden ons zelfs met sommigen van hen. Toch waren wij uiteindelijk de enige overlevenden.
Maar wat onderscheidt deze vroege mensensoorten van ons? Klik door de galerij om meer te ontdekken.
Australopithecus afarensis Het geslacht Australopithecus is een bekende voorouder van de moderne mens. Onder hen werd de soort Australopithecus afarensis beroemd toen Lucy werd ontdekt, een skelet dat werd gevonden in 1974. (afbeelding).
Australopithecus afarensis De Australopithecus afarensis leefde ongeveer 3 tot 3,7 miljoen jaar geleden in Oost-Afrika. Ze hadden een tenger postuur en kleine hersenen. Hun lengte varieerde van 96 cm tot 165 cm en hun gewicht van 25-64 kg.
Australopithecus afarensis Fossielen van de Australopithecus afarensis werden ontdekt in Kenia, Ethiopië en Tanzania. Deze soort was voornamelijk vegetariër.
Homo habilis De Homo habilis, de vroegste mensensoort die tot het geslacht "homo" behoort, stamt af van de Australopithecus. De Homo habilis kwam voor in Zuid- en Oost-Afrika en leefde ongeveer 1,4 tot 2,3 miljoen jaar geleden.
Homo habilis Vergeleken met de Australopithecus zagen ze er meer gepolijst en gebogen uit, maar toch bleven ze kleiner dan de huidige mens, met een gemiddeld gewicht van ongeveer 34 kg.
Homo habilis In tegenstelling tot hun voorgangers at de Homo habilis vlees. Ze kregen erkenning voor hun vaardigheden in het maken van gereedschap, waardoor ze hun naam kregen. Het betekent letterlijk "handige mens".
Homo rudolfensis Er werd slechts één schedel opgegraven in het Turkana-bekken in Kenia, en later een onderkaak in Malawi, beide zeldzame fossielen van deze oude mensensoort. De gevonden schedel levert het bewijs van grotere hersenen vergeleken met de Homo habilis.
Homo rudolfensis Er is nog steeds een wetenschappelijke discussie gaande over de classificatie van Homo rudolfensis binnen het homo genus. Sommigen beweren dat het een Australopithecus met grotere hersenen kan zijn geweest. Deze soort bestond ongeveer 1,7 miljoen jaar geleden en viel samen met Homo habilis en Homo erectus.
Homo erectus In tegenstelling tot het vorige voorbeeld zijn er veel fossielen van de Homo erectus, die dateren van 110.000 tot 1,89 miljoen jaar geleden. De Homo erectus was de mensensoort die het langst overleefde!
Homo erectus Ze hadden een groter lichaam en kleinere tanden dan de Homo habilis en leken meer op de moderne mens. Ze hadden echter langere benen en kortere armen dan wij.
Homo erectus De Homo erectus, die ongeveer 68 kg woog, was ongeveer net zo groot als wij en was tussen de 150 cm en 180 cm. Ze waren de eerste mens die zich buiten Afrika waagden.
Homo ergaster De Homo ergaster bewoonde Oost- en Zuidelijk Afrika van 1,4 tot 1,9 miljoen jaar geleden. Net als bij de Homo rudolfensis is er een voortdurende wetenschappelijke discussie gaande over de vraag of de Homo ergaster een aparte soort is of een ondersoort van de Homo erectus.
Homo ergaster Homo ergaster en Homo erectus leefden in dezelfde periode naast elkaar op aarde. De Homo ergaster had een magerder postuur dan de Homo erectus, maar ze aten hetzelfde, hadden dezelfde levensstijl en gebruikten allebei gereedschap.
Homo floresiensis De Homo floresiensis werd in 2003 door wetenschappers gevonden in de Liang Bua-grot op het eiland Flores, in Indonesië. Aangenomen wordt dat deze oude mensensoort ongeveer 50.000 tot 100.000 jaar geleden bestond.
Homo floresiensis Ze waren veel kleiner dan de huidige mens, maar toch waren het bekwame jagers. Archeologen ontdekten jachtgereedschap dat werd gebruikt om een uitgestorven olifantensoort, de stegodon, te vangen. Onderzoekers suggereren dat deze mensen, waarvan wordt aangenomen dat ze afstammen van de Homo erectus, zich hebben aangepast aan het leven op een eiland door tot dwergen te evolueren.
Homo heidelbergensis De Homo heidelbergensis bewoonde verschillende gebieden over de hele wereld van 200.000 tot 600.000 jaar geleden. Fossielen suggereren dat ze oostelijk en zuidelijk Afrika, Europa en mogelijk China hebben verkend.
Homo heidelbergensis Zij waren de eerste mensensoort die in staat was om in koudere omgevingen te leven. Ze hadden dan ook aanleg voor het maken van vuur, het ontdekken en bouwen van schuilplaatsen en het maken van gereedschap en wapens zoals speren.
Homo antecessor De eerste fossielen van de Homo antecessor werden tussen 1994 en 1996 opgegraven in Atapuerca, Spanje. Deskundigen hebben hun leeftijd vastgesteld op 800.000 tot 1,2 miljoen jaar.
Homo antecessor De Homo antecessor vertoonde, in tegenstelling tot andere voorouders, overeenkomsten met de moderne mens, zoals hun gezichtsstructuur en jachtgewoonten.
Homo naledi In 2015 werden in het grottenstelsel van Rising Star in Zuid-Afrika in totaal 1.550 fossielen ontdekt. Deze fossielen behoorden toe aan een soort die bekend staat als Homo naledi. Wetenschappers schatten dat deze soort tussen 236.000 en 335.000 jaar geleden bestond.
Homo neanderthalensis De Neanderthalers, mogelijk de bekendste oude mensensoort, leefden ongeveer 24.000 tot 200.000 jaar igeleden. Ze worden vaak afgeschilderd als "holbewoners" en er wordt aangenomen dat ze de meest verwante uitgestorven voorouders van onze soort zijn.
Homo neanderthalensis Neanderthalers waren kleiner dan de moderne mens, maar ze hadden een sterk postuur. Ze woonden in Eurazië tijdens de ijstijden en pasten zich aan het koude klimaat aan. Neanderthalers blonken uit in het maken van geavanceerde wapens, gereedschappen, kleding en het bouwen van schuilplaatsen.
Homo neanderthalensis Neanderthalers waren niet alleen intelligenter dan andere soorten, maar ze hadden ook grotere hersenen. Bovendien vertoonden ze culturele uitingen zoals rituele begrafenissen, kunst en muziekinstrumenten.
Homo neanderthalensis Hoewel de Neanderthalers uitgestorven zijn, bestaat hun genetisch materiaal nog steeds bij moderne niet-Afrikaanse mensen door kruisingen.
Denisovamens In 2010 werden de overblijfselen van deze bijzondere mensensoort ontdekt in een Siberische grot. Er wordt geschat dat ze ongeveer 400.000 jaar geleden leefden.
Denisovamens Er wordt gedacht dat de Denisovamens zich van de Neanderthalers hebben afgescheiden en niet naar Europa, maar naar Azië zijn gemigreerd. Ze vermengden zich ook met de huidige mens en zijn mogelijk de laatste archaïsche mensensoort die uitstierf.
Homo longi In 1933 werd in Harbin, in het noordoosten van China, een schedel ontdekt. Deze schedel, die bekend staat als de "Drakenman", was groter dan de moderne mens en had duidelijke kenmerken zoals vierkante oogkassen en prominente wenkbrauwranden.
Homo longi In 2021 erkenden wetenschappers het uiteindelijk als een afzonderlijke mensensoort. Het fossiel wordt geschat op ongeveer 146.000 jaar oud. De classificatie van Homo longi als soort is echter nog steeds omstreden, waarbij sommige wetenschappers suggereren dat hij tot de Denisovamens behoort.
Samengevat. Chinese wetenschappers hebben een nieuw materiaal gemaakt dat lijkt op de huid van drie dieren: de kameleon, glaskikker en baardagaam. Het materiaal dat de naam Chimera meekreeg, zou naar eigen zeggen dingen onzichtbaar maken voor bijvoorbeeld radar en camera’s.
Deze uitvinding kan gebruikt worden om dingen te verbergen in een militaire omgeving, of in de natuur om dieren te bestuderen zonder ze te storen. Het is een grote stap vooruit in het maken van dingen die onzichtbaar zijn.
In het nieuws. Onderzoekers van twee universiteiten in China hebben dit bedacht. Ze gebruikten ideeën van drie verschillende dieren, schrijft de South China Morning Post.
De onderzoekers schrijven over hun uitvinding in het vakblad Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Ze gebruikten speciale materialen die licht en warmte anders weerkaatsen.
Deze nieuwe uitvinding maakt gebruik van speciale stoffen die licht en warmte op een slimme manier kunnen sturen.
Zoom in. De uitvinding lijkt op de huid van de kameleon, glaskikker en baardagaam. Deze dieren kunnen van kleur veranderen, doorzichtig worden of hun warmte regelen.
Chimera was een mythisch beest dat drie verschillende dieren combineerde – een leeuw, een geit en een slang.
De uitvinders hebben ervoor gezorgd dat het materiaal bijna niet te zien is voor camera’s die warmte meten.
Een experimentele versie van de Chimera metasurface werd ontwikkeld in een proces van vijf stappen, waaronder het gebruik van plastic en metalen gaas.
Zoom out.Volgens de onderzoekers zijn de potentiële toepassingen van de technologie enorm, van militair gebruik tot natuurbehoud.
In het leger kan Chimera helpen om spullen of mensen onzichtbaar te maken in verschillende gebieden. Zo kunnen ze niet opgemerkt worden door radars, warmtecamera’s en gewone camera’s, zeggen de wetenschappers.
Deze uitvinding kan ook in de natuur worden aangewend. Bijvoorbeeld voor het bestuderen van dieren zonder ze te storen.
The James Webb Space Telescope caught Saturn's icy moon Enceladus spraying a 'huge plume' of watery vapor far into space — and that plume may contain chemical ingredients for life.
An illustration of NASA's Cassini orbiter soaring through a giant vapor jet over the moon Enceladus
(Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
Scientists caught Saturn's icy moon Enceladus spraying a "huge plume" of watery vapor far into space — and that plume likely contains many of the chemical ingredients for life.
Scientists detailed the eruption — glimpsed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in November 2022 — at a conference at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on May 17.
"It's immense," Sara Faggi, a planetary astronomer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, said at the conference, according to Nature.com. According to Faggi, a full research paper on the massive plume is pending.
This isn't the first time scientists have seen Enceladus spout water, but the new telescope's wider perspective and higher sensitivity showed that the jets of vapor shoot much farther into space than previously realized — many times deeper, in fact, than the width of Enceladus itself. (Enceladus has a diameter of about 313 miles, or 504 kilometers.)
Scientists first learned of Enceladus' watery blasts in 2005, when NASA's Cassini spacecraft caught icy particles shooting up through large lunar cracks called "tiger stripes." The blasts are so powerful that their material forms one of Saturn's rings, according to NASA.
Analysis revealed that the jets contained methane, carbon dioxide and ammonia — organic molecules containing chemical building blocks necessary for the development of life. It's even possible that some of these gases were produced by life itself, burping out methane deep beneath the surface of Enceladus, an international team of researchers posited in research published last year in The Planetary Science Journal.
Water is another piece of evidence in the case for possible life on Enceladus. Enceladus is totally encrusted in a thick layer of water ice, but measurements of the moon's rotation suggest that a vast ocean is hidden beneath that frozen crust. Scientists think the spurts of water sensed by JWST and Cassini come from hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor — a hypothesis supported by the presence of silica, a common ingredient in planetary crusts, in the vapor plumes.
NASA scientists are discussing future return missions to seek out signs of life on Enceladus. The proposed Enceladus Orbilander would orbit the moon for about six months, flying through its watery plumes and collecting samples. Then, the spacecraft would convert into a lander, descending on the surface of the icy moon. Orbilander would carry instruments to weigh and analyze molecules, as well as a DNA sequencer and a microscope. Cameras, radio sounders and lasers would remotely scan the moon's surface, The Planetary Society reported.
Another proposed mission involves sending an autonomous "snake robot" into the watery depths below Enceladus' surface. The robot, dubbed the Exobiology Extant Life Surveyor, features cameras and lidar on its head to help it navigate the unknown environment of Enceladus' ocean floor.
UFO investigator and filmmaker Jeremy Corbell released another captivating footage for UFO enthusiasts. Along with investigative journalist George Knapp, Corbell claims to obtain spectacular footage of a UFO with five shiny lights in the V-formation as in the “Phoenix Lights,” hovering over a Marine base in the California desert.
Corbell has provided a detailed description of this incident and considered it a “Mass UFO sighting” as it involves a substantial amount of diverse documentation, including videos, photos, and recorded direct eyewitness testimonies from active military personnel. But still, it carries numerous doubts. Before discussing them, let us first take a look at the sighting details shared by Corbell.
According to Corbell, the incident occurred on the evening of April 20, 2021, at the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms – Camp Wilson, a significant United States military base. The sighting lasted approximately 10 minutes and was witnessed by more than 50 people. They consistently reported observing a triangular-shaped craft during the encounter. It did not make any sound and was reported to be the size in the range from a football field to that of a three-bedroom, two-story house.
Corbell explained that he received a tip about the incident, prompting him to investigate further. Within a remarkable 36 hours after the event, he managed to connect with individuals who were present at the base during the sighting. He compared the sighting to the famous Phoenix Lights incident, citing the resemblance of a perfect V-shaped row of lights.
The craft was first observed at 8:20 pm PST and after a few minutes of observation, witnesses captured it on their iPhones. At 8:29 p.m., another remarkable occurrence took place. Illumination rounds were discharged into the night sky, above the UAP craft, leaving a visible trace and providing additional evidence of the incident. Astonishingly, at 8:30 pm, witnesses reported that the UAP seemingly “blinked out” or disappeared, just moments before the illumination rounds approached the vicinity of the unidentified craft.
Skeptical of military involvement, Corbell shared the first video of the sighting on his podcast “Weaponized” and discussed it in detail with Knapp. The footage captured the astonishment and confusion of witnesses as they saw the unidentified object in the sky. While the video did not clearly show the body of the craft, the audio and eyewitness accounts confirmed its presence.
Corbell shared the second video, which featured the reactions of U.S. Marines who were present. Their comments reflected a mix of bravado and genuine awe, acknowledging that something extraordinary was unfolding before their eyes, says Knapp. They ruled out the possibility of flares and recognized the uniqueness of the situation.
Corbell Rules Out Flares As An Explanation For UFO
Corbell debunks the theory that the sighting could be attributed to flares. He points out that the lights observed in the footage were a different color, more reddish, compared to the illuminating flares typically used, which are brighter and have a different hue. Flares also descend on parachutes, while the unidentified craft remained stationary for the duration of the sighting, with only slight forward movement at one point.
Although the triangle shape of the craft is not visible in the video, eyewitnesses on the ground reported seeing it. In a stroke of luck, another detachment of Marines shot up illuminating flares in an attempt to get a better look at the craft. The subsequent footage shows the descent of these flares onto the object, providing a side-by-side comparison between the appearance of flares and the lights observed on the craft.
Interestingly, as the flares descend, the lights on the craft appear to blink out in succession. However, according to eyewitnesses, the entire craft itself disappeared, as they could see more clearly than the footage captured.
Corbell raises an intriguing question about the behavior of the craft. If it is intelligently controlled, how might it react to the presence of flares being deployed above it to illuminate the area? This line of inquiry suggests that the craft’s response, or lack thereof, could indicate an advanced level of control and intelligence behind its movements.
Interview with Two US Marines who saw UFO
Corbell conducted a groundbreaking interview with two active-duty US Marines who witnessed this remarkable UFO sighting. The conversation, which was recorded and obtained by Corbell, provides a gripping firsthand account of the event, offering a glimpse into the experiences of these Marines during the encounter.
Taking place approximately 36 hours after the initial sighting, the interview captures the raw emotions and astonishment felt by the Marines as they recall the extraordinary incident. Both Marines, one serving as a mortar man and the other as artillery, share their perspectives on the sighting, revealing intriguing details about the event.
Corbell begins the conversation by asking for specific details, such as the location and time of the sighting. The Marines state that the event occurred around 8:25 pm near 29 Palms, California, adjacent to Camp Wilson, a Marine base. The Marines mention that the sighting attracted considerable attention, with over 50 people gradually gathering to witness the mysterious lights that seemed to appear out of nowhere.
Illumination rounds(Top) were fired to show a better view of the UFO (Below). Credit: Jeremy Corbell
When asked about people’s reactions to the sighting, the Marines explain that the majority of witnesses were unable to identify the object. They note that, despite being military personnel, the sighting was unprecedented for them and left everyone puzzled.
Corbell then inquires about the evidence the Marines captured, referring to the video and photo that were shared with him. The Marines confirm that the footage was indeed recorded by one of them, emphasizing that the lights remained stationary for a solid 10 minutes. They assert that the lights were not flares, as flares typically descend rather than stay in one spot for an extended period.
In response to Corbell’s question about their belief in the presence of a craft, one Marine confidently states that he would have to believe so, referencing a photo he took showing a black triangular shape beneath the lights. He dismisses the possibility of the object being flares or illumination rounds based on his experience working with artillery. The other Marine explains that the size, color, and behavior of the lights were unlike anything they had encountered before, drawing comparisons to their own illumination rounds.
Corbell seeks further clarification, asking if the craft was hovering silently. Both Marines affirm that there was absolutely no sound, emphasizing the stationary nature of the object. When pressed about the size, one Marine compares it to a stealth bomber, although acknowledging that a stealth bomber cannot hover. He suggests that the object might have been even larger than a stealth bomber.
As the conversation progresses, the Marines recount additional intriguing details. They describe objects that emerged from the craft and circled it shortly before it went dark. They explain that these objects were the orange lights seen in the footage, which were actually the illumination rounds discharged above the craft. After the lights disappeared, helicopters began rapidly approaching the area, circling it extensively. The Marines note the presence of a convoy of over 60 trucks that also headed towards the site.
Corbell concludes the interview by asking the Marines to reflect on their experience. One Marine admits that he cannot determine what exactly they witnessed, as it was unlike anything he or his comrades had ever seen before. However, he firmly states that it was not anything recognizable from the US military and believes it was a UFO. The other Marine expresses his curiosity, emphasizing that the event remains highly documented, yet its nature and origin remain a mystery.
Another explanation by John Greenewald, Jr.
Renowned researcher John Greenewald, Jr. offers an alternative explanation for the UFO sighting over Twentynine Palms. Drawing from his experience working on the television show UFO Hunters, Greenewald suggests that the event could be linked to military training exercises rather than an unidentified aerial phenomenon.
Greenewald recalls his time on the show, where they encountered numerous cases similar to this sighting. To provide context, he highlights the Weapons and Tactics Instructor (WTI) course 2-21 taking place at the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center on the same date as the UFO sighting. He presents photographs released by the Department of Defense (DoD) that depict military aircraft on runways during the training exercise.
Greenewald refers to nighttime videos released by the DoD, recorded on April 20, 2021, which showcase the significant military activity in the area. He emphasizes that the DoD’s official release clearly indicates the date and location of the videos. Greenewald acknowledges the presence of live training ranges in the Twentynine Palms area but notes that there was no mention of the UFO event coinciding with the military training exercise in the podcast transcript he examined.
Drawing from his past experiences, Greenewald suggests that many incidents occurring over military training ranges are often misinterpreted as UFOs when they are more likely related to military activities. He recalls solving cases involving Air Force One sightings, military aircraft, and drones, which were initially thought to be UFOs. Greenewald explains that the extensive work done behind the scenes often reveals the true nature of such incidents.
To provide further evidence, Greenewald refers to the additional context provided by The Black Vault, sourced from submitted material. He mentions the presence of B-Roll footage showing five aircraft flares being shot in night vision, which resembles the lights observed in the “UAP” videos. Greenewald questions the coincidence of both the flares and the UFO event occurring on the same date.
Greenewald concludes by sharing the Department of Defense’s response to the claims. A spokesperson confirms the presence of military aviation assets and the ongoing Weapons and Tactics Instructor Course in Twentynine Palms at the time. However, they state that there is no record of communication or allocation of resources to investigate a UAP sighting, and the authenticity of the report cannot be verified.
While Greenewald’s explanation points to military training exercises as a plausible cause for the UFO sighting, further investigation and analysis are necessary to reach a definitive conclusion.
Both Jeremy Corbell and John Greenewald, Jr. present their respective explanations based on their knowledge and perspectives. Corbell highlights the firsthand accounts of eyewitnesses, including active military personnel, who describe a triangular craft with specific characteristics and behavior. He emphasizes the mass UFO sighting and the subsequent air and ground response, suggesting that the event warrants further investigation.
On the other hand, Greenewald provides an alternative perspective grounded in his experience working on UFO-related projects and analyzing military activities. He draws attention to the military training exercises taking place at the same time as the sighting and presents evidence, such as photographs and videos released by the Department of Defense, suggesting that the lights observed could be related to flares and other military operations.
Ultimately, it is up to us to evaluate the evidence and draw our own conclusions. Both Corbell and Greenewald contribute to the ongoing discussion surrounding UFO sightings, offering differing viewpoints that highlight the need for continued research and analysis in order to better understand these phenomena.
Perseverance is Definitely Inside an Ancient Lake on Mars
The search for life on alien worlds has captivated us for hundreds of years. In some respect, the search for life has expanded to the search for water since it is not unreasonable to assume if there is water then there is a good chance there is life too. When NASA selected the landing site for Perseverance, they were looking for such a body of water and settled upon the Jezero Crater. Images from orbiters reveal a crater that looks like it has been filled with water in the past but further investigations were needed to confirm. Now it seems, Perseverance has risen to the challenge.
Perseverance is a car sized rover that arrived on Mars on 18 February 2021 and carried with it the innovative Ingenuity helicopter, the first powered aircraft on another world. The main objective of the mission was to identify ancient Martian environments capable of supporting life and if possible, finding evidence of ancient microbial life through collecting rock and soil samples. Since its arrival in 2021, the rover has been travelling around the 50km wide crater studying the geology and atmosphere as it goes.
Mars Perseverence rover sent back this image of its parking spot during Mars Solar Conjunction. Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech
A paper recently published in Science Advances journal declares that the crater was indeed filled at some point in its geological past, with water! More that it has deposited layers of sediments on the floor of the crater which have gone through periods of erosion as the lake shrank but are now visible in space images of the region.
Although there have been nearly 3 years of operation on Mars, the really interesting stuff occurred between May and December 2022 when Perseverance drove from the crater floor onto the ancient river delta, a region believed to be 3 billion years old. During its journey, Perseverance used RIMFAX (the Radar Imager for Mars’ Subsurface Experiment) to shoot radar signals into the ground every 10cm. The pulses reflected from depths of about 20metres from below the surface showing that the base of the sediment was here and they had located the top of the buried crater.
The Jezero Crater and delta. Credit NASA
The data from RIMFAX showed sediment from two distinct periods bordered by periods of erosion as the environmental factors affected the sediments. The team reported that the original crater floor was not completely flat and that erosion must have taken place prior to the deposition of the sediments in the lake.
Despite the discovery of sediments, the team have yet to identify any fossilised remains or primitive life. The journey however has just begun. Over the last few decades we have found mounting evidence that water is common across the universe. It seems to that the processes we see on Earth are also common. Perhaps then we may be permitted to assume that other processes are replicated across the Cosmos, perhaps those that lead to the evolution of life! Time will tell if this latter assumption plays out.
Feast Your Eyes on 19 Face-On Spiral Galaxies Seen by Webb
These Webb images are part of a large, long-standing project, the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS) program, which is supported by more than 150 astronomers worldwide. Before Webb took these images, PHANGS was already brimming with data from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, the Very Large Telescope’s Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, including observations in ultraviolet, visible, and radio light. Webb’s near- and mid-infrared contributions have provided several new puzzle pieces. Image Credit: NASA/ESA/CSA
Feast Your Eyes on 19 Face-On Spiral Galaxies Seen by Webb
If you’re fascinated by Nature, these images of spiral galaxies won’t help you escape your fascination.
These images show incredible detail in 19 spirals, imaged face-on by the JWST. The galactic arms with their multitudes of stars are lit up in infrared light, as are the dense galactic cores, where supermassive black holes reside.
The JWST captured these images as part of the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS) programme. PHANGS is a long-running program aimed at understanding how gas and star formation interact with galactic structure and evolution. One of Webb’s four primary science goals is to study how galaxies form and evolve, and the PHANGS program feeds that effort. The VLT, ALMA, the Hubble, and now the JWST have all contributed to it.
But Webb’s images are the juiciest.
“Webb’s new images are extraordinary. They’re mind-blowing even for researchers who have studied these same galaxies for decades.”
Janice Lee, Project Scientists, Space Telescope Science Institute.
The JWST can see in both near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) light. That means it reveals different details, and more details, than even the powerful Hubble Space Telescope, which operates in visible light, UV light, and a small portion of infrared light.
This is NGC 4254 (Messier 99), a spiral galaxy about 50 million light-years away. It has a peculiarity to it, as one spiral arm is normal looking, and one is extended and less tightly wound. Though not a starburst galaxy, it forms stars three times as fast as other similar galaxies. This rapid star formation rate may have been triggered by interaction with another galaxy about 280 million years ago. With the JWST’s help, the PHANGS program will help astronomers understand NGC 4254’s history. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Janice Lee (STScI), Thomas Williams (Oxford), PHANGS Team
In these JWST high-resolution images, the red colour is gas and dust emitting infrared light, which the JWST excels at seeing. Some of the images have bright diffraction spikes in the galactic center, which are caused by an enormous amount of light. That can indicate that a supermassive black hole is active, or it could be from an extremely high concentration of stars.
“That’s a clear sign that there may be an active supermassive black hole,” said Eva Schinnerer, a staff scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany. “Or, the star clusters toward the center are so bright that they have saturated that area of the image.”
The diffraction spike in the center of NGC 1365 is a telescope artifact caused by an enormous amount of light in a compact region. It’s caused by either the active supermassive black hole or tightly grouped stars in the galactic centre. NGC 1365 is a double-barred spiral galaxy about 74 million light-years away. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Janice Lee (STScI), Thomas Williams (Oxford), PHANGS Team
Stars near a galaxy’s center are typically much older than stars in the arms. The further a star is from the galactic center, the younger it typically is. The younger stars appear blue and have blown away the cocoon of gas and dust that they spawned in.
This is NGC 2835, a spiral galaxy about 35 million light-years away that has four or five spiral arms. Blue dots are very young stars that have blown away nearby gas and dust with their powerful UV light. Orange/red clumps are where even younger stars reside. They’re still surrounded by gas and dust. Several background galaxies are visible in the image. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Janice Lee (STScI), Thomas Williams (Oxford), PHANGS Team
Orange clumps indicate even younger stars. They’re still wrapped in their blanket of gas and dust and are still actively accreting material and forming. “These are where we can find the newest, most massive stars in the galaxies,” said Erik Rosolowsky, a professor of physics at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada.
The new images were released alongside some of the Hubble’s views of the same galaxies. These highlight how observing different wavelengths of light reveals or obscures different details in the galaxies. In the PHANGS observing program, different telescopes have observed galaxies in visible light, infrared light, UV light, and radio.
A Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 628 (left) and the same galaxy as imaged by the JWST (right.) Both images are grand and inspiring and full of information, but the JWST image provides more detail. Large bubble-shaped gaps between concentrations of gas and dust are visible. In some of the images, those could be caused by supernovae. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Janice Lee (STScI), Thomas Williams (Oxford), PHANGS Team
Since the human eye can’t see infrared, different visible colours are assigned to different wavelengths of light in order to make the images meaningful. In the JWST image of NGC 628 above, the galaxy’s center is filled with old stars that emit some of the shortest wavelengths of light the telescope can detect. They’ve been given a blue colour to make them visible. In the Hubble image, the same region is more yellow and washed out. The region emits the longest wavelengths of light that the Hubble can sense, so it has different colour assignments than the JWST.
Janice Lee is a project scientist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. She spoke for all of us when she said, “Webb’s new images are extraordinary. They’re mind-blowing even for researchers who have studied these same galaxies for decades. Bubbles and filaments are resolved down to the smallest scales ever observed and tell a story about the star formation cycle.”
This is NGC 1672, a spiral galaxy about 60 million light-years away. It may be a type II Seyfert galaxy, though astronomers aren’t totally certain. It has both a bright nucleus and a surrounding starburst region. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Janice Lee (STScI), Thomas Williams (Oxford), PHANGS Team
These galaxies are all spiral galaxies like the Milky Way, meaning their massive arms define them. The spiral arms are more like waves that travel through space rather than individual stars moving collectively. Astronomers study the arms because they can provide key insights into how galaxies build, maintain, and shut off star formation. “These structures tend to follow the same pattern in certain parts of the galaxies,” Rosolowsky added. “We think of these like waves, and their spacing tells us a lot about how a galaxy distributes its gas and dust.”
The spiral galaxy NGC 1566 is about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Dorado. NGC is interacting with smaller member galaxies in its neighbourhood. It’s an active galaxy, meaning its nucleus emits a lot of light that doesn’t come from stars. Instead, it probably comes from the supermassive black hole at the center. NGC 1566 is extensively studied due to its proximity, orientation, its strong spiral arms and its active galactic nucleus. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Janice Lee (STScI), Thomas Williams (Oxford), and the PHANGS team
Ever since it began science operations, the JWST has given astronomers an overwhelming flow of data that will fuel research for years and decades to come. These beautiful images are just a part of a larger data release that includes a catalogue of about 100,000 star clusters. “The amount of analysis that can be done with these images is vastly larger than anything our team could possibly handle,” said the University of Alberta’s Erik Rosolowsky. “We’re excited to support the community so all researchers can contribute.”
In the summer of 2023, Carlos Guana, a wildlife filmmaker and storyteller, and Phillip Sternes, a biology doctoral student at the University of California Riverside, set out on an expedition off the central coast of California to film great white sharks and other wildlife in the Pacific waters near Santa Barbara.
On July 9, 2023, while operating his Mavic 3 Pro aerial drone approximately a quarter mile off the coast of Carpinteria, California, Guana spotted something striking and beautiful moving beneath the ocean surface.
Although the creature was familiar in appearance—a small, almost ghostly pale white shark—neither Guana nor Sternes immediately recognized what the drone’s camera had managed to capture at the time.
It wasn’t until later while rewatching the footage that they noticed something odd about the shark’s appearance.
“Upon close examination of video and photos, the individual’s pale color appears to be a thin white film covering the shark,” Guana and Sternes would later write. “We noted that as the shark was swimming, the whitish film was being sloughed off.”
The infant great white shark Sternes and Gauna observed, as seen from the front
(Carlos Gauna/The Malibu Artist).
Although it seemed possible that the unusual film might have been caused by some kind of skin disorder that neither of the observers recognized, nor could it be found in the available literature on white sharks, a more likely possibility soon presented itself: this might be the remains of intrauterine material left over from the creature’s seemingly very recent birth.
If the latter were true, it would be an unprecedented sighting, given that what Guana and Sternes had filmed was likely a baby great white shark and the first of its kind ever captured on film.
“We enlarged the images, put them in slow motion, and realized the white layer was being shed from the body as it was swimming,” Sternes said in a recent statement about their discovery.
Now, their discovery has been reported in a new paper that appeared in the Environmental Biology of Fishes journal.
Great whites are among the most famous shark species, partially due to their famous, monstrous depiction in films like Jaws. Despite the attention the species has received, many things about them remain mysterious to ocean scientists.
Guana, who is known online as The Malibu Artist, has filmed these and other species of sharks in locations all over the world, documenting an impressive amount of footage of the creatures where they are often shown swimming frighteningly close to beachgoers.
His footage of these enigmatic ocean predators has racked up millions of views online, but the new images could offer scientists new clues about one of the most perplexing mysteries involving great white sharks.
“Where white sharks give birth is one of the holy grails of shark science,” Guana said in a statement. “No one has ever been able to pinpoint where they are born, nor has anyone seen a newborn baby shark alive.”
“There have been dead white sharks found inside deceased pregnant mothers,” Guana says, “But nothing like this.”
The suspected newborn great white shark, observed from the side
(Carlos Gauna/The Malibu Artist).
Like mammals, young great sharks are born live, and it is believed that they might feed on unfertilized eggs while still in the embryonic stage, along with a milky substance secreted within the uterus of the mother that provides additional nourishment.
It is the remnants of this intrauterine milk that Sternes and Guana believe they observed on the shark they filmed last July.
Other key observations also point to the likelihood that what they filmed represents the first imagery of a baby great white shark. While filming in the area, the pair observed several very large—and potentially pregnant—female great whites nearby.
By comparison, the small shark they captured in imagery with Guana’s drone is very small, and its appearance and behavior both suggest a very young creature—perhaps as little as a day, or even just a few hours old.
Also of interest is that the coastal waters of central California had already been put forward in the past as a potential birthing location for great whites. Hence, the pup that Guana and Sternes observed was in the right place, and at the right time, to be a likely match for a newborn great white.
White sharks are a protected species, although Guana and Sternes note in their paper that fishermen do sometimes inadvertently catch these sharks, some of which may die resulting from stress or injuries.
If the central California coast is indeed a breeding ground for white sharks, as opposed to waters much further offshore, as some past studies have suggested, then a greater level of management may be required to help ensure the conservation of the species and their habitat.
Ultimately, Guana and Sternes write that their aerial drone footage “has provided shark science with another interesting set of information,” adding that “future drone observations of sharks in this area will greatly improve our knowledge and understanding of white shark life history.”
Their recent paper, “Novel aerial observations of a possible newborn white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) in Southern California,” can be read online here, along with additional imagery of the white shark they observed in July 2023.
It seems like the waiting time is over, UFO disclosure is imminent. There is growing skepticism and indifference towards whistleblower David Grusch’s claims that the US federal government has hidden information about recovered extraterrestrial spacecraft from Congress. Republican leaders have dismissed potential witnesses, and NASA officials have reportedly withdrawn from an upcoming hearing on UFOs.
However, two Republican lawmakers leading the investigation still intend to hold a public hearing on July 26. US Representative Anna Paulina Luna confirms the hearing date and mentions that the names of witnesses will be released a week before the event.
Luna and Rep. Tim Burchett are facing pressure from the Pentagon and NASA after announcing their investigation into UFOs (also known as UAPs). NASA has stopped cooperating with the investigation, leading to speculation of a cover-up. Despite the challenges, Luna and Burchett remain determined to hold the hearing and promise an impressive lineup of witnesses. If necessary, Burchett is even willing to hold a field hearing in his own front yard. The hearing is scheduled for the last week of July before Congress goes on recess in August.
Meanwhile, Steve Sprague, a UFO researcher who studied the UAP phenomenon for 30 years, claimed that an aerospace executive would come forward and share the information during the upcoming Congressional Hearing on UAPs. This unidentified insider is described as a C-level executive within the United States-based company which, according to Sprague, is a top firm reverse-engineering alien technology. (Source)
“Let me say this unequivocally, without ambiguity, in no uncertain terms, we are not alone, aliens not only exist but have been here for five millennia, if not considerably longer, they are not friendly and humanity is absolutely in danger,” writes Steve Sprague.
According to the insider, aliens not only exist but have been present on Earth for at least five millennia, if not longer. Startlingly, the individual revealed the existence of at least two civilizations currently residing on our planet: humans and a group known as the “Ganzi,” originating from a distant part of our galaxy, roughly forty light years away. The Ganzi are characterized as technologically advanced beings who possess knowledge far surpassing humanity’s capabilities.
One of the most chilling aspects of the disclosure centered around Ganzi’s technological superiority. The insider explained that the technology recovered and possessed by humans is composed of terrestrial components manipulated in a manner that exceeds human understanding. These materials, created by alien processes, involve elements and physics beyond our comprehension. The Ganzi, however, refuse to share their technology with humanity, fearing the dire consequences of us wielding power beyond our current evolutionary stage.
The insider emphasized the vast technological gap between humans and the Ganzi, stating that they are millions of years ahead of us. They warned that humanity’s very existence could be threatened without the proper knowledge to manipulate these advanced materials. Humans were compared to protozoa on the technological scale, highlighting how far we have yet to evolve.
Disturbingly, the insider also shared incidents involving encounters with the Ganzi. One notable event involved the disintegration of an F-15 fighter jet by a particle beam technology wielded by extraterrestrial beings. The astonishing video evidence showcased a green beam hitting the side of the aircraft, which subsequently turned to ash without leaving any debris. Further analysis of the footage revealed the presence of extraterrestrial occupants, commonly referred to as Greys, characterized by their small bodies, large heads, and prominent eyes.
While the Ganzi were not described as inherently malevolent, they view humanity as an annoyance, akin to flies. However, the insider cautioned that provoking or interfering with their mission could lead to dire consequences. Reports of lost pilots and destroyed ships in encounters with the Ganzi underscore the potential dangers of crossing paths with these technologically advanced beings.
These shocking revelations come as anticipation mounts for the upcoming Congressional Hearing on UAPs. The insider has promised to come forward and share their information with the public during the event, which is expected to shed further light on the existence of extraterrestrial life and the presence of UFOs.
Sprague writes that the insider revealed to him that the Ganzi can manipulate matter in ways beyond human comprehension. They have a deep understanding of DNA manipulation, enabling them to increase lifespans indefinitely and cure or prevent diseases. It is even speculated that they have experimented on humans, possibly for reasons such as galactic war or slave labor.
Perhaps one of the most chilling revelations shared by the insider relates to nuclear power. They stated unequivocally that the Ganzi vehemently oppose humanity’s use of nuclear weapons. Any attempt to engage in large-scale nuclear conflict would be met with severe consequences, potentially leading to a complete shutdown of human society. The Ganzi have made it clear that they will not tolerate actions that could jeopardize the Earth or their larger objectives.
Moreover, the insider highlighted Ganzi’s superior abilities in manipulating higher dimensions, allowing them to be present anywhere at any time. They operate within the framework of Multi-Dimensional Theory and Brane Theory, concepts that challenge human understanding. This exceptional capability to navigate dimensions and remain undetected unless desired adds a layer of intrigue to the extraterrestrial presence on Earth.
The insider also touched upon significant presidential briefings that have taken place, shedding light on the United States government’s awareness of these developments. On various occasions, President Biden was reportedly briefed on advanced technologies recovered from the Ganzi. The briefings included demonstrations of lasers capable of remarkable feats, such as extracting elements directly from ore and analyzing biological and geological data.
Videos of these briefings purportedly exist, with one showing Biden interacting with three Ganzi beings through a small device placed in his ear. Notably, one of the individuals accompanying the beings was John Podesta, who later assumed the role of Senior Advisor for Clean Energy Innovation. The insider also linked breakthroughs in fusion energy and laser technology to the company’s efforts in reverse-engineering Ganzi technology.
In response to the question of why he was chosen by the insider, Sprague admitted uncertainty but speculated that a mutual friend with military and intelligence background may have facilitated the connection. He highlighted the importance of trust and the fact that he was seen as an outsider to the intelligence and journalistic spheres. Sprague acknowledged that his role in this situation may be that of a blunt instrument serving a specific goal. (Source)
Sprague mentions that his source is currently not in their home state and may or may not testify in front of cameras during the hearings. The source’s identity and their potential employment with a defense contractor remain undisclosed to protect their livelihood and family from potential fallout. However, Sprague asserts that if the hearings do not take place or the source cannot testify publicly, the information he received will still be released, leaving it out of his hands and independent of his involvement.
Sprague dismisses any connection between his information and a post on 4chan, asserting that he had never visited the platform before and had no intention of doing so in the future. He clarifies differences between the accounts, such as the claim of first-hand dealings with the craft, which he states his source did not mention. Regarding the element discussed by Bob Lazar, Sprague mentions that his source considered it pure trash and explained that the craft operated using a theoretical field similar to an Einstein-Rosen bridge or wormhole.
Sprague mentions his need for at least two more parts to cover additional topics, including the F-15 incident and post-disclosure scenarios. He expresses exhaustion after a busy day and indicates that he will engage with readers on Twitter the following day.
Former US intelligence officer David Grusch testified before Congress during the July 2023 UAP hearing, stating that we have numerous spacecraft of non-human origin. If this is the case, one might wonder if any contact has been established between humans and these extraterrestrial species. There have been persistent rumors suggesting that the US government may have signed treaties with these extraterrestrials and has been engaged in collaborative efforts with them over an extended period.
According to a rather extraordinary claim made by former US government consultant Timothy Good, it is alleged that the 34th President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, had three clandestine meetings with extraterrestrials. Good claimed Eisenhower met aliens at a remote air base in New Mexico in 1954. In more recent times, former Israeli Space Head Haim Eshed stated that aliens and the U.S. government had reached some type of deal to stay quiet about their experiments on Earth and secret facilities on Mars. Eshed went on to claim the existence of a “Galactic Federation” and implied that then-President Trump was on the brink of making significant revelations in this regard.
Video Evidence
During a podcast with former Fox News anchor Clayton Morris on his show Redacted, Joshua Reid, a former United States Navy serviceman with a background in missile weapons defense systems, brought a wealth of knowledge and experience to the table. He opened the conversation by referencing his personal experiences in the Navy, specifically during the years 2004 to 2006. Reid’s background made him intimately familiar with topics related to secret space projects, a subject that has piqued his interest for over two and a half decades.
It is worth noting that Joshua Reid’s extensive research in the field of UAPs and classified information has led him to the inner workings of certain government activities. His extensive four-year investigation revealed a disconcerting pattern. It appeared that military technology, particularly in special access programs, was unintentionally making its way to foreign adversaries, including China. This exchange of classified information seemed to involve universities and professors who were receiving grants to reverse engineer technologies from these programs.
The remarkable twist in this story was that Hillary Clinton’s emails were potentially facilitating the sale of this classified information to China and other foreign entities. China would fund universities, enticing professors to divulge information on special access programs. This enabled them to advance their technology rapidly, potentially reaching parity with the United States.
Former Inspector General I. Charles McCullough III, well-versed in these special access programs, played a crucial role in this unfolding drama. He represented David Grusch and became a central figure in the whistleblower saga. According to Reid, multiple whistleblowers were involved, with two possessing firsthand information and tangible evidence. The fear of repercussions led these individuals to testify in front of congressmen, notably, Indiana Congressman André Carson. However, it was not until these whistleblowers presented video evidence of intelligence community members communicating with extraterrestrials that congressmen took their claims seriously.
The impact of these videos was profound. Congressmen were visibly shaken, with one trembling and another drinking water profusely. This sudden shift in demeanor signified that the evidence was both extraordinary and unsettling. The whistleblowers were introduced to Inspector General McCullough, who had an extensive background in the very special access programs at the center of the controversy.
“I’ve heard that we can confirm this later, but from what I’m hearing, André Carson is this Congressman that they testified in front of, along with a few others. The Congressman didn’t take these guys seriously, but what ended up happening is they pulled out the evidence, a DVD, and they showed these congressmen video evidence of intelligence community members communicating with extraterrestrials. After these videos were shown to congressmen, they were noticeably shaken in fear. One of them was holding a piece of paper and could not stop shaking. Another was drinking water profusely, and this is when they began to take this very, very seriously and introduce these gentlemen to the former Inspector General of the Intelligence Community, McCullough. Hence, he enters the picture as someone who understands these SAP programs, has been read into these programs from back in the day, and is now representing these gentlemen.”
Morris was eager to learn more about the DVDs and the physical evidence related to the astounding claims made by the whistleblowers. He posed the question of where this evidence was currently held and whether the public would ever have the opportunity to view it.
Joshua Reid responded by revealing that the evidence, in the form of DVDs and other materials, was regarded as an “insurance policy.” This meant that the evidence was securely in the hands of two prominent UFO researchers. Furthermore, Reid confirmed that these researchers had not only seen the evidence but also verified its authenticity, which was a significant factor contributing to the growing interest in this matter.
Morris was eager to learn more about the DVDs and the physical evidence related to the astounding claims made by the whistleblowers. He asked Reid where this evidence was currently held and whether the public would ever have the opportunity to view it.
Joshua Reid responded by revealing that the evidence, in the form of DVDs and other materials, was regarded as an “insurance policy.” This meant that the evidence was securely in the hands of two prominent UFO researchers. Furthermore, Reid confirmed that these researchers had not only seen the evidence but also verified its authenticity, which was a significant factor contributing to the growing interest in this matter.
One of the prominent UFO researchers who has been sharing insider knowledge on UAPs is investigative journalist Ross Coulthart. It is quite uncertain if Coulthart possesses this DVD evidence but he did reveal that there exists a huge UFO in the possession of the United States that cannot be moved, and he knows the location of the craft. Ross mentioned the existence of non-human intelligence engaging with Earth for a long time and the recovery of certain objects, but he could not disclose specific details due to concerns about revealing advanced technologies.
In a recent episode of “The UFO Podcast,” host Andy engaged in a thought-provoking conversation with Ross. The discussion centered around the secrecy surrounding UFO sightings and government knowledge. Ross, who has deep insights into the matter, shared his perspective on why certain details remain undisclosed.
Andy began by addressing a critical question that has been on the minds of many UFO enthusiasts: the location of the mysterious craft. He asked Ross whether he could reveal where the craft was being held.
Ross responded: “Let me tell you, I can’t tell you the country it’s in; it’s not America. But what I can tell you is that the place where it is kept is used for another purpose that is a laudatory purpose that’s as much in your interests in your country in the UK as it is in mine in Australia and as it is in America. The simple reasons are that there are other uses for the place where this object is stored, and we could end up with a storm Area 51-type scenario if you came out and announced it.”
Ross went on to explain the potential consequences of revealing such information, including international incidents and threats to the safety of personnel at the facilities. He also emphasized the importance of protecting sources, drawing on his experience as a journalist dealing with sensitive intelligence.
Interestingly, Steve Sprague, a UFO researcher who studied the UAP phenomenon for 30 years, claimed that an aerospace executive would come forward and share the information during the July 2023 Congressional Hearing on UAPs. This unidentified insider is described as a C-level executive within the United States-based company, which, according to Sprague, is a top firm reverse-engineering alien technology.
According to the insider, aliens not only exist but have been present on Earth for at least five millennia, if not longer. Startlingly, the individual revealed the existence of at least two civilizations currently residing on our planet: humans and a group known as the “Ganzi,” originating from a distant part of our galaxy, roughly forty light years away. The Ganzi are characterized as technologically advanced beings who possess knowledge far surpassing humanity’s capabilities.
The insider also touched upon significant presidential briefings that have taken place, shedding light on the United States government’s awareness of these developments. On various occasions, President Biden was reportedly briefed on advanced technologies recovered from the Ganzi. The briefings included demonstrations of lasers capable of remarkable feats, such as extracting elements directly from ore and analyzing biological and geological data.
Videos of these briefings purportedly exist, with one showing Biden interacting with three Ganzi beings through a small device placed in his ear. Notably, one of the individuals accompanying the beings was John Podesta, who later assumed the role of Senior Advisor for Clean Energy Innovation. The insider also linked breakthroughs in fusion energy and laser technology to the company’s efforts in reverse-engineering Ganzi technology.
Sprague wrote, “Date 4 – May 19, 2022, Biden is now in Alaska and stopped off to refuel at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson. This video is the most incredible of all. Biden meets with three of the Ganzi. Biden puts a small device in his ear and a conversation occurs without sound. The video lasts for nine minutes and then four people enter the area. One of the people is John Podesta. The other three are unknown. The beings leave and the video ends. In September of 2022, Biden names Podesta as the Senior Advisor for Clean Energy Innovation. December 14, 2022, America has a breakthrough in fusion. To achieve this scientific feat – a laser is used. This laser has ‘unique’ properties.” (Source)
Sprague’s claims cannot be verified; however, it is certain that there exists an alien craft, and the United States has successfully accessed its interior. Dr. James Lacatski, a retired DIA intelligence officer who established the UFO program that operated from 2008 to 2010, has confirmed this. He stated that the craft possesses a streamlined configuration suitable for aerodynamic flight but lacks conventional features such as an engine, wings, intakes, exhaust, or fuel tanks.
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An In-Depth Look into The Pentagon UFO Files
An In-Depth Look into The Pentagon UFO Files
For decades, the subject of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) has captivated the imagination of the public and researchers alike. This fascination reached a new height with the recent disclosure of The Pentagon UFO Files, a collection of information and evidence gathered by the US government. These files, long shrouded in secrecy, offer a rare glimpse into the government’s perspective on what could be one of the most profound discoveries in human history – the existence of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) and their implications for humanity.
The Revelation:
After years of speculation and secrecy, the US government’s acknowledgment of these files marks a significant shift in the discourse surrounding UFOs. The files contain detailed accounts of encounters, expert analyses, and, perhaps most intriguingly, military confirmations of unexplainable aerial phenomena. This disclosure not only challenges our understanding of the skies above but also raises important questions about the nature of these phenomena and their potential impact on national security.
Analysis and Expert Opinions:
The Pentagon UFO Files encompass a range of sightings and encounters, some dating back several decades. These incidents, often involving highly credible military personnel, display characteristics that defy current technological and scientific understanding. The speeds and maneuverabilities of these UAPs, as observed and recorded, go beyond the capabilities of known human-made aircraft.
Experts from both scientific and military backgrounds have been analyzing these cases, looking for plausible explanations. In some instances, natural phenomena or misidentifications of conventional objects like aircraft and weather balloons were determined to be the cause. However, a significant portion of these sightings remains unexplained, fueling theories about their potentially extraterrestrial or interdimensional origins.
The Role of Government Secrecy and Public Perception:
The revelation of The Pentagon UFO Files has also brought to light the complex relationship between government secrecy and public knowledge. For decades, projects like Project Blue Book, Project Grudge, and others under the Department of Defense conducted investigations into UFO sightings. These projects, often criticized for their lack of transparency, have contributed to widespread skepticism and conspiracy theories.
The recent disclosure, while groundbreaking, has not been without its critics. Some argue that the released information is still heavily curated, raising questions about what might still be withheld and why. This ongoing secrecy perpetuates public distrust and speculation about the government’s true knowledge of UFOs and their implications.
The Future of UFO Research:
The Pentagon UFO Files have reignited interest in UFO research, not just within conspiracy circles but also among mainstream scientists and academics. This renewed focus could potentially lead to more systematic and open investigations into UAPs. It also underscores the need for international collaboration and transparency in studying these phenomena, as UFO sightings are a global occurrence with implications that transcend national borders.
VIDEO:
The Pentagon UFO Files (FULL DOCUMENTARY) UAO, USA GOVERNMENT, USA MILITARY
The release of The Pentagon UFO Files marks a new era in our quest to understand the unexplained phenomena in our skies. It challenges us to reconsider our place in the universe and invites us to explore possibilities that were once relegated to science fiction. While many questions remain unanswered, one thing is clear: the pursuit of knowledge about UAPs is more important than ever, promising to unlock mysteries that could redefine our understanding of the world and potentially, the cosmos.
De ontdekking van Nag Hammadi: zijn dit de verloren boeken van de Bijbel? Ruim zeventig jaar geleden werden in Nag Hammadi, Egypte, verschillende gnostische teksten ontdekt. Deze galerij duikt in de geschiedenis van deze oude boeken en de controverse die hen omringt.
Zouden dit werkelijk de ontbrekende boeken van de Bijbel kunnen zijn? Kijk naar de foto's om erachter te komen.
Wat en wanneer De gnostische evangeliën bestaan uit 52 teksten die in 1945 in Egypte werden ontdekt. Deze teksten werden op papyrus geschreven en verzameld in 13 oude boeken die codices worden genoemd. Ze werden in december 1945 opgegraven door Muhammad 'Ali al-Samman, een Arabische boer, in een begraven pot.
Wat is er met de boeken gebeurd? De boeken werden later illegaal verkocht in Caïro. Ondanks de inbeslagname van de meeste boeken door de Egyptische regering, werd één enkele codex discreet uit Egypte getransporteerd en uiteindelijk zijn weg naar Europa gevonden.
Waar staan de teksten nu? De originele teksten zijn momenteel ondergebracht in het Koptisch Museum in Caïro onder de identificatie NHC (Nag Hammadi Codices).
Gnostici en gnosticisme De term ‘gnostisch’ is afgeleid van het Griekse woord ‘gnosis’, wat ‘kennis’ betekent. Gnostici hielden vast aan het geloof dat ze verborgen kennis bezaten over God en het goddelijke, vandaar hun naam. Ze hadden verschillende perspectieven op Jezus en zijn leringen. Helaas werden veel van hun teksten uitgeroeid, omdat ze door de vroege kerk als ketters werden bestempeld.
Gnostici en gnosticisme De gnostici waren geen georganiseerde afzonderlijke religie, maar bestonden in plaats daarvan uit verschillende religieuze en filosofische stromingen die bloeiden van de 2e tot de 4e eeuw na Christus.
Gnostische overtuigingen Gnostici waren van mening dat de materiële wereld slecht was en de spirituele wereld deugdzaam. Explore God legt uit dat gnostici mensen zagen als 'goede geesten die gevangen zaten in kwaadaardige materiële lichamen'.
Hoe zagen gnostici God? Gnostici hielden vast aan hun geloof in een Oppergod, transcendent en onbegrijpelijk. Bovendien waren ze van mening dat een mindere God, bekend als Demiurg, en niet de Oppergod, verantwoordelijk was voor de schepping van het universum.
Wat was de gnostische perceptie van Jezus? Volgens de gnostici werd Jezus beschouwd als de ‘Verlosser’ wiens doel het was om de waarheid aan de mensheid te onthullen. Terwijl sommigen Jezus als volkomen goddelijk beschouwden en verstoken waren van de menselijke natuur (het fysieke lichaam als inherent slecht beschouwden), geloofden anderen in zijn menselijkheid.
Redding in het gnosticisme Gnostici geloofden dat verlossing niet afhankelijk was van sacramenten of vergeving van zonden. Ze waren van mening dat mensen 'gnosis', geheime kennis, moesten verkrijgen om verlossing te bereiken.
God woont in ons Het geloof van de gnostici was dat men door zichzelf te begrijpen kennis van God kon verwerven. Een fragment uit het boek 'The Gnostic Bible', gepubliceerd op gnosis.org, legt uit dat gnostici de intermediaire rol van priesters, rabbijnen of andere religieuze figuren niet accepteerden.
Wat is een evangelie? Het woord ‘Evangelie’ komt van de Griekse term ‘euaggelion’, die het concept van ‘goed nieuws’ overbrengt. Vroege christenen omarmden deze term om de boodschap van Jezus over te brengen en verslag uit te brengen over zijn leven.
Gnostische Evangeliën De teksten die in het gnosticisme bekend staan als evangeliën onthullen het perspectief van de gnostici ten aanzien van Jezus. Bekende voorbeelden zijn onder meer Thomas, Maria en Judas.
Het Evangelie van Judas Volgens deze controversiële tekst was Judas eigenlijk een goede apostel, zoals The New York Times betoogt. Er wordt aangenomen dat het evangelie zegt dat Judas zijn verraad aan Jezus op bevel van Jezus zelf uitvoerde.
Zijn de evangeliën betrouwbaar? De betrouwbaarheid van de teksten is uitgebreid besproken. A Clear Lens benadrukt drie belangrijke tegenargumenten: data, consistentie en historische context
Samenhang Gezien de talrijke verhalen over Judas in de canonieke teksten van andere apostelen, is het logisch dat de gnostische interpretatie van Judas argwaan kan wekken.
Samenhang De canonieke verslagen portretteren de boodschap van Jezus als universeel toepasbaar, terwijl de vertolking van de gnostici suggereert dat hij zijn wijsheid exclusief deelde met een paar uitverkorenen.
Historische achtergrond De misvatting draait om het gebruik door de gnostici van mythen om hun overtuigingen over te brengen, wat betekent dat de teksten mogelijk geen feitelijke details over het leven van Jezus verschaffen.
De Bijbel Volgens de International Bible Society onderging de Bijbel een langdurig compilatieproces, waarbij verschillende boeken uit de definitieve versie werden weggelaten.
Het Nieuwe Testament De vier evangeliën die voor het Nieuwe Testament zijn gekozen, zijn geschreven door Matteüs, Marcus, Lucas en Johannes, bekend als de officieel aanvaarde canonieke evangeliën.
Wat is de canon? Biblica, de International Bible Society, definieert de canon als de boeken die worden erkend als door God geïnspireerd en gezaghebbend voor geloof en leven.
Waarom werden de gnostische evangeliën uitgesloten van de Bijbel? Volgens bijbelgeleerde Darrell L. Bock tijdens een interview met Beliefnet "is bij de wortel van deze (canonieke) evangeliën ofwel een apostolische figuur betrokken, ofwel iemand die nauw verbonden is met een apostolische figuur." En dat: "De evangeliën die in de Bijbel terecht zijn gekomen, stammen allemaal uit de eerste eeuw. Geen enkel evangelie uit die [gnostische] lijst dat ik ken, dateert feitelijk uit de eerste eeuw."
De Da Vinci-code Volgens de National Geographic was het populaire boek van Dan Brown geïnspireerd op de gnostische evangeliën, maar geleerden zijn het niet eens met Browns standpunt.
Waarom zijn deze teksten belangrijk? De gnostische evangeliën bieden waardevol inzicht in het gnosticisme en het vroege christendom en werpen licht op verschillende besproken ideeën en de interpretatie ervan door de vroege kerk.
Zie ook: De meest verontrustende delen van de Bijbel
Solar flares pose a major hazard to electronics and infrastructure in Low Earth Orbit, but they may have played a role in kick-starting life on Earth. Credit: NASA/SDO/J. Major
The water that life knows and needs, the water that makes a world habitable, the water that acts as the universal solvent for all the myriad and fantastically complicated chemical reactions that make us different than the dirt and rocks, can only come in one form: liquid.
The vast, vast majority of the water in our universe is unsuitable for life. Some of it is frozen, locked in solid ice on the surface of a world too distant from its parent star or bound up in a lonely, wayward comet. The rest is vaporized, existing as a state of matter where molecules lose their electron companions, boundless and adrift through the great nebular seas that dot the galaxies, or ejected completely into the great voids between them. Either way, that water exists only one molecule at a time, at a temperature of over a million degrees yet its density so low that you could pass through it and mistake it for the cold, hard vacuum of space itself.
No, for water to be liquid it must exist in special place around a star, not too cold for it turn to ice, not too hot for it to turn to gas. It must lay within what astronomers call the habitable zone, or, if they’re feeling playful, the Goldilocks zone.
The habitable zone is different for every star throughout the galaxy, because no two stars are alike. The smallest red dwarfs are barely a tenth the mass of the Sun, with luminosities a thousand times weaker. The largest are great beasts, a hundred solar masses or more, so bright they can be seen from thousands of light-years away by the unaided eye. Around each star a simple iron law holds, the fact that the intensity of light, and all the warmth and comfort that light brings with it, diminishes with the square of the distance from the source. An object twice as far away will experience a quarter of the brightness; at a distance of four times that drops to a sixteenth, and so on. That is why Pluto, despite only sitting about 30 times further away from the Sun than the Earth, is forced to experience never-ending dim twilight, even at the height of its day.
Too far from a star and the radiant temperatures are too cold, and any water freezes. Too close, and the water slips its bonds, free to roam as a gas. In between, in a special band determined by the star’s mass, age, and brightness, sits the habitable zone, where a planet is capable – yes, merely capable – of hosting water in its liquid state on its surface.
For our own Sun, the habitable zone stretches from just within the orbit of Venus to just beyond the orbit of Mars. Three planets perfectly situated within the warm embrace of our Sun, and yet only one has life. What happened? What made our planet so special, or so lucky? It’s impossible to say for sure, because the potential of habitability is not a promise.
There is, however, one other place where we know liquid water can exist. Ironically, it’s in the frozen moons of the outer solar system. There, under surfaces of frozen ice a hundred kilometers thick sit globe-spanning liquid water oceans, with more liquid water than exists on the surface of the Earth. There the habitability isn’t given by the rays of the Sun, but from their molten cores emanating heat, driven by the gravitational warping of the giant planets they orbit. Life could certainly find a purchase there, in places of darkness that the Sun never can touch, even though there worlds are not, according to the traditional definition, habitable.
port Us Log In Credit: CfA POSTED ONJANUARY 28, 2024 BY PAUL M. SUTTER The Improbable Origins of Life on Earth We do not yet know how, where, or why life first appeared on our planet. Part of the difficulty is that “life” has no strict, unive
We do not yet know how, where, or why life first appeared on our planet. Part of the difficulty is that “life” has no strict, universally agreed-upon definition.
Normally this is not an issue, as the vast majority of life is most definitely alive, and only biologists interested in the extreme edges – viruses, prions, and the like – need to worry about precise classifications. But to study the origins of life we must, by necessity, examine a process that takes non-living matter and fundamentally changes it. Presumably this process happened in stages, with fits and starts along the way, and so the line between uncoordinated chemical reactions and the beginnings of vibrancy must be blurred.
It’s helpful here to present at least a simple working definition of life, not to rewrite the biology textbooks, but so that at least we can properly frame the discussion of life’s origins. And for those purposes a simple statement will suffice: life is that which is subject to Darwinian evolution. That is, life experiences natural selection, that unceasing pressure that chooses traits and characteristics to pass down to a new generation through the simple virtue of their survivability. If the trait contributes in some way, even circuitously, to the survivability of an organism and its ability to reproduce, it persists. All else is discarded (or, at best, gets carried unceremoniously along for the ride).
Earth is the only known place in the solar system, in the galaxy, in the entire universe where Darwinian evolution takes place.
To succeed at evolution and separate itself from mere chemical reactions, life must do three things. First, it must somehow store information, such as the encoding for various processes, traits, and characteristics. This way the successful traits can pass from one generation to another.
Second, life must self-replicate. It must be able to make reasonably accurate copies of its own molecular structure, so that the information contained within itself has the chance to become a new generation, changed and altered based on its survivability.
Lastly, life must catalyze reactions. It must affect its own environment, whether for movement, or to acquire or store energy, or grow new structures, or all the many wonderful activities that life does on a daily basis.
By interacting with its environment, making copies of itself, and storing information (like how to interact with the environment and make copies of itself), life can evolve, growing in complexity and specialization over geologic time, from humble molecules to conscious minds capable of peering into its own shrouded origins.
In the modern era, with billions of years of practice behind it, life on Earth has evolved a dizzying array of chemical and molecular machines to propagate itself – a menagerie so complex and interconnected that we do not yet fully understand it. But a basic picture has emerged. Put exceedingly simply (for I would hate for you to mistake me for a biologist), life accomplishes these tasks with a triad of molecular tools.
One is the DNA, which through its genetic code stores information using combinations of just four molecules: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The raw ability of DNA to store massive amounts of information is nothing short of a miracle; our own digital system of 1’s and 0’s (invented because it’s much simpler to tell if a circuit is on or off than some stage in-between) is the closest comparison we can make to DNA’s information density. Natural languages don’t even earn a place on the chart.
The second component is RNA, which is intriguingly similar to DNA but with two subtle, but significant, differences: RNA swaps out thymine for uracil in its codebase, and contains the sugar ribose, which is one oxygen atom short of the deoxyribose of DNA. RNA also stores information but, again speaking only in generalities, has the main job of reading the chemical instructions stored in the DNA and using that to manufacture the last member of the triad, proteins.
“Proteins” is a generic catch-all term for the almost uncountable varieties of molecular machines that do stuff: they snip apart molecules, bind them back together, manufacture new ones, hold structures together, become structures themselves, move important molecules from one place to another, transform energy from one form to another, and so on.
Proteins have one additional function: they perform the job of unraveling DNA and making copies of it. Thus the triad completes all the functions of life: DNA stores information, RNA uses that information to manufacture proteins, and the proteins interact with the environment and perform the self-replication of DNA. This cycle allows living organisms to experience the gift of evolution.
And this cycle is, as I said, gloriously complex and obviously the result of billions of years of fine-tuning and refinement. The interconnected nature of DNA, RNA, and proteins means that it could not have sprung up ab initio from the primordial ooze, because if only one component is missing then the whole system falls apart – a three-legged table with one missing cannot stand.
Plants Growing in Space are at Risk from Bacterial Infections
Graduate student Noah Totsline works in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources lab of Harsh Bais on a NASA-sponsored project looking at how plants grown in space are more prone to infections of Salmonella compared to plants not grown in space or grown under gravity simulations. The microgravity environment of space can be simulated in the lab by rotating the plants at a precise speed that causes the plants to react as if they were in a constant state of free-fall.
Plants Growing in Space are at Risk from Bacterial Infections
I have spent the last few years thinking, perhaps assuming that astronauts live off dried food, prepackaged and sent from Earth. There certainly is an element of that but travellers to the International Space Station have over recent years been able to feast on fresh salad grown in special units on board. Unfortunately, recent research suggests that pathogenic bacteria and fungi can contaminate the ‘greens’ even in space.
It’s been at least three years that astronauts have been able to eat fresh lettuce and other leafy items along with tortillas and powdered coffee.. Specially designed chambers on board allow them to grown plants under carefully controlled temperature, water and lights to ensure a successful harvest. There is however an issue that the ISS is a relatively closed environment and so it is easy for bacteria and fungi to spread and astronauts to get ill.
The International Space Station stretches out in an image captured by astronauts aboard the SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour during a fly-around in November 2021. Credit: NASA
A paper just published in Scientific Reports and NPJ Microgravity and authored by a team led by Noah Totsline explores what happens with lettuce grown under ‘simulated’ weightless environments (the device known as a clinostat rotate them so that plants did not know which way was up or down). This was achieved by being gently rotated. Plants it seems though, are pretty good at sensing gravity using their roots. The team found that plants under these conditions were more prone to infection than those on Earth in particular Salmonella.
One of the main lines of defence for plants is their stomata. These are tiny pores in the leaves, much like the pores in our skin, that close to defend when an environmental stress is detected, such as bacteria. The team exposed plants in their micro-gravitational environment to find the plants opened the stomata instead of closing them.
The team went a step further and introduced a natural bacteria known as UD1022 which usually helps to protect plants. In the clinostat however, it failed to help the plant to protect itself from other more harmful bacteria.
The research was not just an interesting scientific problem but does solve real world problems. Space is slowly opening up with more and more non-astronauts becoming astronauts and travelling into space and this is only going to increase. As SpaceX and the like press ahead with the commercialisation of space travel we absolutely must find a way to grow and farm sustainable and healthy food instead of prepackaged snacks if we are to become a truly space fairing civilisation.
We are some way away from that of course but this is step one in a long journey. Sadly it is not as simple a task as sterilising the seeds since their could easily be microbes in the environment on board the ISS (or other space craft that come in the future) and perhaps it is these that pose the greatest risk. The team are now looking at ways to genetically modify plants to help them cope in the microgravity of space.
NASA Gives us an Update on its Long-term Plans for the Moon and Mars
NASA's plans for exploration of the Moon and Mars are a unified architecture covering all mission, crew, and technology contigencies. Image courtesy NASA.
NASA Gives us an Update on its Long-term Plans for the Moon and Mars
Going to Mars is a major step in space exploration. It’s not a quick jaunt nor will it be easy to accomplish. The trip is already in the planning stages, and there’s a good chance it’ll happen in the next decade or so. That’s why NASA and other agencies have detailed mission scenarios in place, starting with trips to the Moon. Recently, NASA updated its “Moon to Mars Architecture” documents, including a closer look at some key decisions about Mars exploration.
Those decisions cover a wide gamut of challenges to living and working on the Red Planet. NASA planners narrowed them down to these key areas: science priorities, number of crew members on the first trip, how many on each follow-up trip, number of crew members per Mars location, Mars surface power generation technologies, what kinds of missions will be sent (the “target state”), and establishing what they call a “loss of crew risk” posture. That last one involves making the right decisions about missions based on risk to the crew’s health and performance.
NASA Plans for the Moon and Mars
Why create a mission architecture for the Moon and Mars? Essentially, anybody going to these other worlds needs a mutually agreed-upon “roadmap” that plans the explorations and technologies needed. That’s why NASA created its first Moon to Mars objectives in 2022 and has been refining them ever since. The agency’s roadmap includes feedback from a wide swath of society. Members of academia, U.S. industry, international partners, and the NASA workforce all contributed to the project.
“Our new documents reflect the progress we’ve made to define a clear approach to exploration and lay out how we’ll incorporate new elements as technologies and capabilities in the U.S. and abroad mature,” said Catherine Koerner, associate administrator, Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “This process is ensuring that everything we are doing as an agency and together with our partners is focused on achieving our overarching exploration goals for the benefit of all.”
The Key Decisions Regarding Mars Exploration
In a white paper published along with the Moon to Mars Architecture document, NASA explains key areas of concern when it comes specifically to Mars exploration. The first is science. It’s the main reason for going the both the Moon and Mars, and its needs will drive almost all other considerations. It will determine the resources needed, including crew numbers, payloads, technology deliveries, and power and communications infrastructure, and contingencies for possible accidents or other challenges.
An artist’s concept of Mars explorers and their habitat on the Red Planet. Courtesy NASA.
Once the science is determined, planners can decide on crew needs for the first and subsequent missions. As the white paper states, “…a series of focused science exploration missions to different landing sites would favor one architecture. Establishing a permanent, fixed base from which astronauts could conduct many surface missions supporting diverse and evolving exploration activities would favor a very different architecture.”
From there, planners will figure out the “cadence” of the missions and crew deployments. How often do we send missions and how many people will go? Just as an example, let’s say that the first mission will land in Jezero Crater, near the Perseverance rover. NASA could use its data to determine further science exploration at the site. That will drive the best placement for habitats and other infrastructure, and the type of mission will dictate the number of crew members needed.
Those decisions will then drive the infrastructure and technology needed for each step. Science stations need power to do the science, but also to sustain the habitats for the science teams. If those teams travel across the surface, their rovers will need power, fuel, and possibly replacement parts. Crew members themselves will need to be able to grow food, use local resources to extract fuel and water, and otherwise maintain safe living conditions. And, these are just the first steps in the long-term exploration of Mars, enabled by what people learn about living and working on the Moon.
Why Does NASA Want a Moon to Mars Plan?
While it may seem sexy to send people directly to Mars without any intervening stops at the Moon, NASA and other agencies want a measured approach. The idea to use the Moon as a stepping stone to Mars is not new. The Moon makes a good “training base” of sorts where we can “practice” with the technologies and techniques of living on another world. In addition, it offers a unique environment for astronomy and planetary science exploration. Astronauts learn in an environment close to Earth and if something dire happens to them, rescue is not far away.
Artist’s impression of astronauts on the lunar surface, as part of the Artemis Program. Credit: NASA
These ideas underlie the planning for the upcoming Artemis missions to the lunar surface. There’s supposed to be a gateway orbiting the Moon, to which astronauts and equipment will fly. Then, from there, materials and people head to the Moon to explore various sites, and begin the complex tasks of exploration and habitat construction. That set of missions will establish the foundation for scientific exploration, and land a diverse set of people on the lunar surface, all in cooperation with international partners. Ultimately, everything they learn on the Moon will prepare people for the leap to Mars.
The Moon to Mars mission architectural plans unite both lunar and Mars exploration in one timeline, identifying technologies and capabilities needed to accomplish each step. They are living documents, updated every year to reflect changes in any aspect of mission planning and technology.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
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