1.4-Million-Year-Old Stone Tools Found in Ukraine Document Earliest Hominin Occupation of Europe

by Sergio Prostak

 

Archaeologists have dated an assemblage of ancient stone tools excavated from the archaeological site of Korolevo on the Tysa River in western Ukraine at 1.42 million years old. As such, these artifacts — which are associated with Homo erectus — provide the earliest evidence of hominins in Europe and support the hypothesis that the continent was colonized from the east.

A stone tool from Korolevo I, Ukraine.

Image credit: Garba et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07151-3.

“To the east of Europe stands the key site of Dmanisi, Georgia, where layers containing hominin skull remains and stone tools are dated securely to around 1.85-1.78 million years,” said first author Dr. Roman Garba, an archaeologist with the Institute of Archaeology and the Nuclear Physics Institute at the Czech Academy of Sciences, and his colleagues.

“A trail from Africa to Dmanisi via the Levantine corridor accords with the Mode-1 stone artifacts documented in Jordan’s Zarqa Valley, as early as around 2.5 million years ago.

“The earliest precisely dated evidence of humans in Europe occurs at two southwestern sites: Atapuerca, Spain, where the oldest human fossils at Sima del Elefante are reported at around 1.2-1.1 million years; and Vallonnet Cave, southern France, where stone artifacts are constrained to around 1.2-1.1 million years.”

“However, the vast spatial and temporal gap that separates the Caucasus and southwestern Europe leaves key aspects of the first human dispersal into Europe largely unresolved.”

The Korolevo site was first discovered by the Ukrainian archaeologist Vladyslav Gladylin in 1974.

It lies close to where the Tysa River — a tributary of the Danube — leaves the eastern Carpathian Mountains and spreads southwestward across the Pannonian Plain.

“We know that the layer of accumulated loess and paleosol here is up to 14 m deep and contains thousands of stone artifacts. Korolevo was an important source of raw material for their production,” said co-author Dr. Vitalii Usyk, an archaeologist with the Institute of Archaeology at the Czech Academy of Sciences.

“We identified seven periods of human occupation in the stratigraphic layers, although at least nine different Paleolithic cultures were recorded at the locality: hominins lived here from 1.4 million years ago to about 30,000 years ago.”

Selected stone tools from Korolevo I, Ukraine: (a) chopper core; (b) flake with bifacial treatment; (c) multi-platform core; (d) Kombewa flake; (e) flake with parallel scar pattern. Scale bars – 3 cm.

Image credit: Garba et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07151-3.

The Korolevo stone tools were made in the Oldowan style, the most primitive form of tool-making.

“We applied two complementary dating approaches to calculate the age from the measured concentrations of cosmogenic beryllium-10 and aluminum-26,” said senior author Dr. John Jansen, a researcher with the Institute of Geophysics at the Czech Academy of Sciences.

“But the most precise age came from our own method based on mathematical modeling, known as P-PINI.”

“This study is the first time our new dating approach has been applied in archaeology.”

“I expect our new dating approach will have a major impact on archaeology because it can be applied to sedimentary deposits that are highly fragmented, meaning there are lots of erosional gaps.”

“In archaeology we nearly always find fragmented records, whereas the traditional long-range dating method, magnetostratigraphy, relies on more continuous records.”

First peopling of Europe: (a) archaeological sites and dispersal routes noted in the text; the maximum extent of the Eurasian ice sheets is indicated with gray dashes; blue arrows indicate possible early human dispersal routes; (b) Korolevo I, Gostry Verkh, viewed from the Beyvar hill with excavation XIII (red box), Ukraine.

Image credit: Garba et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07151-3.

According to the team, the Korolevo site is the northernmost known presence of Homo erectus.

“The radiometric dating of the first human presence at the Korolevo site not only fills in a large spatial gap between the Dmanisi site and the Atapuerca site, but also confirms the hypothesis that the first pulse of hominin dispersal into Europe came from the east or southeast,” Dr. Garba said.

“Based on a climate model and field pollen data, we have identified three possible interglacial warm periods when the first hominins could have reached Korolevo following most likely the Danube River migration corridor.”

• A paper on the findings was published in the journal Nature.
• R. Garba et al. East-to-west human dispersal into Europe 1.4 million years ago. Nature, published online March 6, 2024; doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07151-3

{ https://www.sci.news/ }

08-03-2024 om 17:01 geschreven door peter  

Coulthart Exposes Pentagon’s Selective Silence on UFOs

In an evolving narrative that intertwines government secrecy with journalistic integrity, the Pentagon’s approach to disseminating information on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs) has raised eyebrows and sparked debate. At the heart of this discourse is Ross Coulthart, a seasoned investigative journalist and special correspondent for NewsNation, who has voiced concerns over what he perceives as the Pentagon’s efforts to steer the conversation on UFOs through a strategy of selective briefing.

Coulthart’s analysis points to a deliberate choice by the Pentagon to invite a restricted group of journalists to attend briefings on UAPs, a decision that, according to him, aims to curate the narrative that reaches the public. This method of information dissemination, Coulthart argues, effectively sidelines reporters who are known for their probing inquiries and refusal to shy away from tough questions. The implication is that by controlling the media presence at these briefings, the Pentagon can ensure that the narrative remains favorable or, at the very least, non-confrontational.

The backdrop to Coulthart’s critique is his own pioneering work in the realm of UAP reporting. It was Coulthart’s interviews with whistleblowers and his investigative efforts that catalyzed a broader public discussion on UFOs, ultimately leading to congressional hearings and the introduction of legislation aimed at enhancing transparency regarding UAPs. Despite this significant contribution, NewsNation found itself excluded from a recent Pentagon briefing on the subject, a move that Coulthart and others view as a snub that speaks volumes about the Pentagon’s desire to control the flow of information.

Coulthart’s concerns extend beyond the realm of personal grievance. He sees the Pentagon’s selective briefing strategy as symptomatic of a larger issue — an attempt to quell public curiosity and skepticism through media manipulation. This, he warns, could have the opposite effect, fueling suspicion and distrust among the public towards the Department of Defense and the intelligence community at large. The core of Coulthart’s critique lies in the belief that transparency and open dialogue are paramount, especially on matters of significant public interest like UAPs.

Through Coulthart’s lens, the Pentagon’s approach is not just about UFOs; it’s about the broader principles of accountability, transparency, and the public’s right to know. His experience underscores the challenges journalists face in piercing the veil of government secrecy, reminding us of the vital role investigative journalism plays in a healthy democracy. As the conversation on UAPs continues to evolve, Coulthart’s voice serves as a critical reminder of the need for vigilance in the pursuit of truth, encouraging both the public and the press to question, explore, and demand transparency in all matters of national interest.

 { https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

08-03-2024 om 16:39 geschreven door peter  

It’s always a real benefit to have scientists on the ground, able to use the wealth of their experience and ingenuity to ‘think on their feet’.  It is therefore always quite challenging to use space probes that to a degree need to be autonomous. This is certainly true of the NASA Perseverance Rover that has been drilling core samples that will one day (hopefully) be returned to Earth as part of the Mars Sample Return mission. Until then, a team of Geologists have developed a technique to calculate the orientation of the core samples to help with future analysis. 

The journey of Mars Perseverance began on 30 July 2020 when it was launched off to the red planet. Arriving less than a year later on 18 February 2021, the rover carried with it an array of instrumentation. Its goal to explore the past habitability of Mars, looking for signs of ancient microbial life and helping to pave the way for future human exploration. 

One instrument in particular, the Sample Caching System, gathered and stored rock and soil samples for the potential return to Earth by future missions. Perseverance and the Ingenuity drone have been exploring the Jezero crater, an ancient lake bed since. To date, 20 of the 43 tubes have been filled with core bedrock samples and a team of geologists have been looking at the original orientation of the samples to help answer questions about the planet’s past. 

The research, which appeared in Earth and Space Science journal by lead authors Benjamin P. Weiss and Elias N. Mansbach explains that the team have identified the original orientation of the majority of the samples collected so far. This crucial bit of information will help geologists to understand the magnetic field that may have existed at the time the rocks formed, how water and lava has flowed, the direction of wind and the tectonic processes that were going on too. 

Using data from the rover itself including its location and the positioning of the drill it was possible to calculate the orientation of the bedrock sample before it was drilled out. This will be the first time scientists have managed to orient the rock samples from another world. By completing the process for a number of samples at different locations will give clues to the conditions on Mars when the rocks formed.

The challenge was made more difficult by the mechanism that extracted the sample. A tube shaped drill is screwed into the ground at a 90 degree angle and then the sample is pulled directly out along with the rock. To be able to reorient the sample with the original location the team take what is effectively pitch, roll and yaw of a boat or aircraft.  Using pictures and aligning with true north the team could calculate the original orientation. They also used distinguishing surface features in the area that would help with location identification. If perchance they were in an area devoid of any feature then the onboard laser would mark an ‘L’ into the rock before taking the sample.

Source : 

• Study determines the original orientations of rocks drilled on Mars

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

08-03-2024 om 01:21 geschreven door peter  

Of all the stars in the sky, betelgeuse must be among the most enigmatic. One of its many mysteries surrounds the speed of its rotation which is surprisingly fast for a supergiant star. If it were placed where the Sun was, then its photosphere (visible layer) would be out around the orbit of Jupiter and it would be moving at 5 km/s. A new study now hints that instead of high rotation, it may be that the surface is boiling so furiously that it has been mistakingly identified as fast rotation. 

Betelgeuse is one of the first stars an amateur astronomer will learn. Its distinctive red colour in the upper left corner of Orion makes it a prominent star, easy to find and identify and a great signpost to other constellations. We all know that stars are big but Betelgeuse takes this to a whole new level at 1.2 billion km across, almost 2,000 larger than the Sun. Stars of this size are usually expected to rotate slowly but observations revealed its high rotation speed, far higher than expected of a star at this evolutionary stage. 

Observations from the Atacama Large Millimetre Array pointed at the rotation speed of Betelgeuse. The system, which is made up of 66 antennae is a radio interferometer that combines the signal from all dishes to increase its sensitivity. Using this instrument, astronomers had concluded that one hemisphere seems to be approaching while the other seems to be receding and the rate of this led to the conclusion of a 5 km/s rotation speed. If Betelgeuse was a perfect sphere then this would have been a reasonable conclusion however, the surface of Betelgeuse is not like that! 

Like all stars, convection is a prominent process in the photosphere that brings heat from the stellar interior. In the case of Betelgeuse the convection cells are massive, sometimes even as large as the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and they rise and fall at speeds around 30 km/s (that’s over twice the escape velocity of the Earth so is faster than any launching spacecraft).

Jing-Ze Ma PhD from the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics now proposes that the dipolar velocity map which identified the approaching and receding hemispheres, may actually have been picking up convection cells instead. The theory postulates that the limited resolution of the ALMA system was observing (but not able to differentiate) convection cells rising on one side of the star and sinking on the other. 

To reach that conclusion, the team had developed a new processing technique to produce synthetic data from ALMA and in 90% of cases, the boiling motion was not clear and led to an interpretation of high rotational speeds. Further observations are now needed to explore this exciting possibility but instruments with greater resolution are required. to that end, higher resolution observations were made back in 2022 but the data is still being analysed but it will, it is hoped, start to reveal much more about the nature of Betelgeuse.

Source : 

• A new spin on Betelgeuse’s boiling surface

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

08-03-2024 om 01:10 geschreven door peter  

BY ANDY TOMASWICK

Drs. Balbi and Grimaldi instead use a statistical technique to more accurately reflect what they think the actual situation in the universe would be – civilizations actively support their technosignatures for some time but let them die off once they are no longer beneficial to the civilization itself – essentially eliminating our chance to find them. From a statistical point of view, this clusters the vast majority of observable technosignatures to the far left of the x-axis, where that axis is defined as the longevity of a civilization. 

We could see some obvious technosignature that have been around for billions of years and don’t require any active support, such as the thermoradiation of a Dyson sphere. But it’s much more likely that, if we do see one, it is actively being supported by an active civilization. 

In the paper, the researchers perform a more rigorous statistical analysis, including invoking an idea known as Lindy’s Law. That law is somewhat counterintuitive, as it states that the life expectancy of a technology is roughly proportional to its age. In other words, as a technology ages, its life expectancy increases. However, it has been proven in multiple scenarios and has various causes. 

The impact it has on this particular analysis is clear – the probability distribution of the length of a technically advanced civilization’s existence should be skewed per Lindy’s Law to show that short-lived technosignatures are much more common than long-lived ones.

At the moment, this is all theoretical, and it would be interesting to see what Dr. Kipping, the author of the original paper arguing for longer-lived societies, has to say about this alternative view of the statistical treatment. Maybe it will be featured on an episode of his Cool Worlds channel soon. Until then, the hard work of SETI data collection will continue apace, and the theoreticians will continue fine-tuning their statistical models, hoping to one day catch a glimpse of something out there.

Learn More:

• Balbi & Grimaldo – Technosignatures Longevity and Lindy’s Law
• Kipping, Frank and Scharf – Contact inequality: first contact will likely be with an older civilization
• UT – The First Civilization We Contact Will Have Been Around Much Longer Than Humanity
• UT – After all of This Time Searching for Aliens, is it The Zoo Hypothesis or Nothing?

Lead Image:

• DALL-E Image of an advanced civilization.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

08-03-2024 om 01:00 geschreven door peter  

Belgium’s Flying Triangle Wave

Posted by: Antonio Huneeus 

Thirty four years ago, thousands of Belgian citizens reported mysterious platforms flying silently over rooftops. The Royal Belgian Air Force got involved and cooperated fully with civilian investigators. To this day, however, the origins of these craft remain unknown.

It’s hard to convey the excitement caused by the Belgian UFO wave if you were not following UFO news back in 1989 and the early 1990s. There was no shortage of UFO reports back then, and interest in the phenomenon was at a high. The sightings and photos from Gulf Breeze, Florida, dominated the American scene, wild UFO reports and stories coming out of the old Soviet Union received huge international media attention, and the Mexican video wave took off in 1991. Yet the Belgian wave seemed to top all of these stories for awhile. The reports out of this small country, headquarters of both the European Commission and NATO, received unprecedented coverage, making even the front page of the Wall Street Journal on October 10, 1990, with a story entitled, “Belgium Scientists Seriously Pursue A Triangular UFO.”

The classic triangular-shaped UFO described by hundreds of eyewitnesses during the Belgium wave: sketch by witness used to create reconstruction of the object seen at the top of story.

Credit: SOBEPS

There were many reasons for the interest generated by the Belgian wave. One was the quality of the reports themselves, the bulk of which were registered in the French-speaking region of Wallonia. There were no landings or humanoid sightings but lots of detailed multiple-witness sightings of flying platforms moving slowly and silently above rooftops. Shapes varied, but the predominant form was triangular or delta-shaped crafts. Some of the descriptions were so precise that traditional explanations of misidentified natural phenomena or conventional aircraft were ruled out. Instead, stealth fighters and other U.S. secret military aircraft became the favorite explanations suggested by skeptics, but these were quickly ruled out by the Royal Belgian Air Force (RBAF). Another reason for the wave’s importance was that it was carefully investigated and documented by a local UFO organization called SOBEPS (Belgian society for the study of space phenomena).

SOBEPS was formed in 1971 by Lucien Clerebaut, Michel Bougard, and others, and built a small but highly dedicated cadre of field investigators. By the end of the wave in 1993, SOBEPS had collected over two thousand eyewitness reports comprising twenty thousand pages, four hundred hours of audio tapes, and six hundred full inquiries. Five hundred and forty cases remained unexplained. SOBEPS also had the assistance of top-notch scientists, including Léon Brenig, a nonlinear dynamics theorist at the Free University in Brussels, and Professor Auguste Meessen, a physicist from Catholic University at Louvain. Regarding his work with SOBEPS, Dr. Brenig has said, “here is an opportunity where we can apply the scientific method.” Brenig himself became a witness of the so-called Belgian triangle while driving in the Ardennes on March 18, 1990. The whole dossier was eventually published by SOPEPS in two massive volumes, five hundred pages each, entitled Vague d’OVNI sur la Belgique (UFO Wave ver Belgium), published in 1991 and 1994 respectively. Due to financial difficulties, SOBEPS dissolved on December 31, 2007, but some of its members formed a new, smaller organization called COBEPS (Belgian committee for the study of space phenomena) to preserve the archives and work done for thirty-six years.

The two volumes published by SOBEPS entitled, “UFO Wave Over Belgium.”

Credit: SOBEPS

A final and key element in the credibility of the Belgian UFO wave was the participation and validation by the RBAF, which showed an unusual degree of openness. As the Belgian wave gained steam, the Belgian Ministry of Defence was deluged with queries from the public and the media. The task fell upon the chief of operations of the air force, Col. Wilfried De Brouwer, who was later promoted to major general and deputy chief of the RBAF. Now retired from the service, Gen. De Brouwer has continued to speak about the wave. He was one of the many international officials who spoke at the famous event at the National Press Club (NPC) in Washington, DC, in November 2007, organized by filmmaker James Fox and journalist Leslie Kean. “The Belgian UFO wave was exceptional and the air force could not identify the nature, origin and intentions of the reported phenomena,” said De Brouwer at the NPC. He also gave a detailed presentation on the wave at the MUFON International UFO Symposium in San Jose, California, in July 2008, and was one of five generals to write an essay in Leslie Kean’s new book, UFOs: Generals, Pilots, and Government Officials Go On the Record.

Although the RBAF scrambled jets on three occasions during the wave, Gen. De Brouwer has explained on various occasions that they didn’t have the manpower or resources to mount a full-fledged investigation of their own, so instead they took the unusual route of cooperating fully with SOBEPS. The radar data was turned to Prof. Meessen for analysis, and Gen. De Brouwer agreed to write the postface for SOBEPS’s first volume when he was still in the service. “I must acknowledge that I somewhat hesitated when SOBEPS asked me to contribute my share to this book,” he wrote. “Indeed, I am not a UFO specialist and, moreover, it is quite delicate for somebody who occupies an official function to put on paper his personal ideas on such a disputed issue. However, I estimate that I would not have been honest towards the SOBEPS if I had refused. The air force always played a fair game on this subject and I regard this postface as a complementary element to the exceptional file written by the people of SOBEPS.”

THE EUPEN INCIDENT

Although some sightings were reported in October 1989, the first important incident of the Belgian wave took place a month later on November 29 around the small town of Eupen, which is in a region of Belgium near the German border. This initial case put the so-called “Belgian triangle” on the map and led to the start of the RBAF’s involvement. There were both daytime and nighttime sightings, although the latter were lengthier and more detailed. Gen. De Brouwer explained in his essay for Leslie Kean’s book, “a total of seventy reported sightings made on November 29 were fully investigated and none of these sightings could be explained by conventional technology. The team of investigators and I estimate that approximately fifteen hundred people must have seen the phenomenon at more than seventy different locations from different angles during this afternoon and evening.” There were a total of thirteen gendarmes (policemen) who saw the UFO from eight different locations around Eupen. Prof. Meessen summarized the case in SOBEPS’s book:

On November 29, 1989, a large craft with triangular shape flew over the town of Eupen. The gendarmes von Montigny and Nicol found it near the road linking Aix-la-Chapelle and Eupen. It was stationary in the air, above a field which it illuminated with three powerful beams. The beams emanated from large circular surfaces near the triangle’s corners. In the center of the dark and flat understructure there was some kind of “red gyrating beacon.” The object did not make any noise. When it began to move, the gendarmes headed towards a small road in the area over which they expected the object to fly. Instead, it made a half-turn and continued slowly in the direction of Eupen, following the road at low altitude. It was seen by different witnesses as it flew above houses and near City Hall.

In his 2008 MUFON lecture, Gen. De Brouwer provided additional details on this sighting: “The UAP [Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon] emitted repeatedly and simultaneously two red light beams with a red light ball at the spearhead of the beam. Subsequently, the red balls returned to the craft.” There was also apparently a second triangular craft, which made “a forward tilting maneuver, exposing the upper side of the fuselage,” continued De Brouwer. “They [gendarmes] saw a dome with rectangular windows, lighted up at the inside. It then disappeared to the North.” Two more gendarmes saw one of the craft from a monastery nearby; “one is currently the head of the police in that area, he was scared like hell,” added De Brouwer.

Statistical chart of Belgian sightings between October 1989 and September 1990, showing peaks in the November-December period and a second one in April.

Credit: SOBEPS

The Eupen incident was followed by many other UFO sightings, including several reported on December 11, 1989. One of the witnesses that evening was a personal acquaintance of Gen. De Brouwer, Col. André Amond, a civil engineer in the Belgian Army. Col. Armond worked next door to Gen. De Brouwer and wrote a detailed report for the Ministry of Defence. Col. Armond was driving with his wife around 6:45 p.m., when they noticed a strange object with flashing red lights. They stopped the car and got out to see it better. “Suddenly, they saw a giant spotlight, about twice the size of the full moon, which approached them to an estimated distance of 100 meters,” wrote De Brouwer, adding that “the colonel’s wife was frightened and asked to leave.” In his report to the Ministry, Armond “ascertained that this craft was not a hologram, helicopter, military aircraft, balloon, motorized Ultra Light, or any other known aerial vehicle.”

Various shapes were reported throughout the wave, including round, rectangular, and cigar-shaped, but the majority were triangular objects. Gen. De Brouwer notes that the differences may also be due to the eyewitnesses’ viewing angles. Researcher Marc Valckenaers listed some of the characteristics of the UFOs in SOBEPS’s second volume about the wave, including: irregular displacement (zig-zag, instantaneous change of trajectory, etc.), displacement following the contours of the terrain; varying speeds of displacement (including very slow motion), stationary flight (hovering), overflight of urban and industrial centers, and sound effects (faint humming to total silence).

Reconstruction of the incredible rectangular flying platform seen by two factory workers on April 22, 1990, described as “an aircraft carrier turned upside down.”

Credit: SOBEPS

One of the strangest reports came from two factory workers from the town of Basècles, southwest of Brussels, who saw a huge trapezoid flying platform (330 x 200 feet) just before midnight on April 22, 1990. The object moved slowly and silently, covering the entire factory courtyard. In the SOBEPS report, the factory workers described the UFO as “an aircraft carrier turned upside down.” Despite the science-fiction quality of this sighting, an almost identical report was filed nearly a year later, on March 15, 1991, by an electronic engineer in Auderghem, near Brussels, who woke up in the middle of the night when he “heard a barely audible, high-frequency whistling tone. He looked out the window and saw a large rectangular craft at very low altitude with irregular structures on the bottom,” wrote Gen. De Brouwer.

One characteristic of the Belgian wave was how close the objects were flying above the rooftops, as shown with this flying rectangular platform.

Credit: SOBEPS

Another view of the rectangular flying platform above the rooftop and sketch showing where the witness saw it.

Credit: SOBEPS

THE F-16 SCRAMBLE EPISODE

If the Eupen multiple-witness sightings of November 1989 triggered the Belgian wave, the jet fighter scramble incident during the night of March 30, 1990 marked the peak of public interest and global media coverage. The Belgian Air Force had scrambled jets on two prior occasions without positive results. The December 5, 1989 scramble was unsuccessful; when the jet reached the sky, the UFO was gone. Additionally, the December 16, 1989 case turned out to be a false alarm; the authorities quickly determined that it was a laser projection reflected by a cloud layer. Following these two fiascos, the RBAF implemented a new policy that jets would be scrambled only when a sighting was detected on radar and was visually confirmed on the ground by the police.

The SOBEPS team visiting the Royal Belgian Air Force radar facility at Glons: in the center group, left, the Society’s chairman Lucien Clerebaut and right, physicist Prof. Auguste Meessen, next to military officer.

Credit: SOBEPS

As put in a preliminary report prepared by Major P. Lambrechts of the RBAF, entitled “Report Concerning the Observation of UFOs During the Night of March 30 to 31, 1990,” the incident began at 10:50 p.m. on March 30 when the gendarmerie telephoned the radar “master controller at Glons” to report “three unusual lights forming an equilateral triangle.” More gendarmes confirmed the lights. When the NATO facility at Semmerzake detected an unknown target at 11:49 p.m., a decision to scramble two F-16 fighters was made. The jets took off at 12:05 a.m. from Beauvechain, the nearest air base, and flew for just over an hour. According to Major Lambrechts’s report:

The aircraft had brief radar contacts on several occasions, [but the pilots]…at no time established visual contact with the UFOs…each time the pilots were able to secure a lock on one of the targets for a few seconds, there resulted a drastic change in the behavior of the detected targets…[During the first lock-on at 12:13 a.m.] their speed changed in a minimum of time from 150 to 970 knots [170 to 1,100 mph] and from 9,000 to 5,000 feet, returning then to 11,000 feet in order to change again to close to ground level.

When Col. De Brouwer showed the computerized radar images of the UFO tracked by the F-16 onboard radar system in a heavily attended press conference at the Ministry of Defence on July 11, 1990, the international media went into a frenzy. Transcripts of the radio communications between ace fighter pilots, Capt. Yves Meelbergs, Lt. Rudy Verrijt, and the Glons Control Reporting Center near Liege, were also released and provide some dramatic moments. The transcripts paint a picture of the jets chasing ghost radar echoes that appear and disappear and then reappear again, but at no time are the pilots able to establish visual contact with the supposed objects. Belgium’s Electronic War Center (EWC) eventually undertook a detailed technical analysis of the F-16 computerized radar tapes, completed by Col. Salmon and physicist M. Gilmard in 1992, and later reviewed by Prof. Meessen.

An F-16 jet fighter of the Royal Belgian Air Force like the ones scrambled on the night of March 30-31, 1990.

Credit: Bernard Thouanel

Although some aspects of this case still remain unexplained, Meessen and SOBEPS accepted the Gilmard-Salmon hypothesis that most of the radar contacts were really echoes caused by a rare meteorological phenomenon. This became evident in four lock-ons, explained Meessen, “where the object descended to the ground with calculations showing negative altitude…. It was evidently impossible that an object could penetrate the ground, but it was possible that the ground could act as a mirror.” Meessen explained how the high velocities measured by the Doppler radar of the F-16 fighters might result from interference effects. He pointed out, however, that there was another radar trace for which there is no explanation to date. As for the visual sightings of this event by the gendarmes and others, Meessen suggested that they could possibly have been caused by stars seen under conditions of “exceptional atmospheric refraction.”

One frame from the F-16 onboard radar system showing the UFO lock-on during the March 1990 scramble episode, shown by the RBAF at a famous press conference in July 1990.

Credit: RBAF/ Bernard Thouanel

In a 1995 telephone interview, Gen. De Brouwer summarized his reflections on this complex case: “We always look for possibilities which can cause errors in the radar systems. We can not exclude that there was electromagnetic interference, but of course we can not exclude the possibility that there were objects in the air. On at least one occasion there was a correlation between the radar contacts of one ground radar and one F-16 fighter. This weakens the theory that all radar contacts were caused by electromagnetic interference. If we add all the possibilities, the question is still open, so there is no final answer.” De Brouwer took a more detached view of the F-16 scramble episode, however, in his 2008 MUFON lecture and his 2010 essay included in Kean’s book: “The conclusion of the Air Force, therefore, was that the evidence was insufficient to prove that there were real crafts in the air on that occasion.”

THE PETIT-RECHAIN PHOTO

The famous color slide of the Belgian triangle photographed in Petit-Rechain in early April 1990.

Credit: © Guy Mossay/SOFAM

Seldom has the old saying that a picture is worth a thousand words become more true than in the case of the extraordinary photograph of a flying triangle taken in the small town of Petit-Rechain in April 1990. This color slide became the emblematic symbol of the Belgian UFO wave. It has been published and broadcast in television programs all over the world, and it appears on the cover of the two SOBEPS volumes on the Belgian wave. It’s also one of the most analyzed UFO photos in the history of ufology. During my trip to Brussels in 1995, I had the opportunity to talk at length with Patrick Ferryn, the investigator who researched the case initially and wrote the chapter about it in the SOBEPS book. Ferryn gave me copies of the photo and samples of computer enhancements made by Marc Acheroy, professor of electricity at the Royal Military School, where the image was analyzed by the Signal Treatment Center. The details of how the photo was taken are fairly simple and straightforward.

The photographer, P.M. (who wants privacy, but has fully cooperated with SOBEPS), was a twenty-year-old factory worker, who lived in the small community of Petit-Rechain, near Verviers. He was at home with his girlfriend on the night of either April 4 or 7, 1990 (he can’t pin down the exact date), when his girlfriend first noticed the object between 11:00 and 11:30 p.m. as she took the dog to the courtyard. According to P.M.’s statement to Ferryn, he was alerted by his girlfriend, went outside, and “saw the object practically stationary towards the southwest, at about a forty-five-degree elevation. It consisted of three white round lights on a barely perceptible triangular surface. In the center there was a blinking spot of the same color, or maybe a bit more reddish than the other lights.” P.M. grabbed his camera, a Praktica model BX20 with a 55-200 mm zoom and a “Cokin” 1A 52 mm skylight filter. He shot the last two frames of a roll of 36-200 ASA Kodak color slide film. The UFO then moved slowly towards Petit-Rechain, until it was hidden by the roofs in the village. The entire episode took about five minutes.

The roll of film was sent by mail to a development house offering a special discount, and when P.M. received the slides, he noticed only frame #35 had captured the UFO; frame #36 was entirely black. Ferryn estimated that “the photo was probably taken with a focal distance between 55 and 200 mm, and with exposition time ranging from 1 to 2 seconds.” P.M. showed the photo to his factory coworkers (all of whom were later interviewed by Ferryn), but otherwise didn’t do anything to analyze or commercialize the picture. One of his coworkers knew a local photo-journalist from Verviers, Guy Mossay, who immediately saw the image’s potential value. P.M. sold the photo rights to Mossay for a small fee. Mossay then proceeded to copyright it with SOFAM (Belgium’s multimedia society for visual arts authors).

Skeptics have naturally pointed to the possibility of a hoax with profit motive. However, if that is the case, why did P.M. sell the rights to Mossay for a minor fee? Moreover, hoaxers never supply original slides or negatives for scientific analysis, as was done by P.M. Having checked his background, interviewed acquaintances, and so on, Ferryn noted that “the account of the main witnesses was coherent.” Gen. De Brouwer spent quite a bit of time explaining the details of this case during his MUFON lecture, saying of the witness that, “this guy is genuine, he is a guy who would not fake at all, I can assure you of that.” More importantly, the Petit-Rechain photo has been subjected to more scientific analysis than practically any other UFO photo in history.

When the Petit-Rechain photo is overexposed, the triangular outline of the object appears clearly.

Credit: © Guy Mossay/SOFAM

The list of experts and institutions that have analyzed this photo include Prof. Acheroy of Belgium’s Royal Military Academy; Prof. François Louange, an expert in photo interpretation of satellite images for the French space agency, CNES; Dr. Richard Haines, a retired senior NASA scientist and respected UFO researcher; Belgium’s Royal Institute of Artistic Patrimony; and André Marion, a nuclear physicist with France’s National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), who conducted an analysis in 2002 with improved technology. The technical details of these analyses are too numerous for this article, but suffice it to say that evidence of photographic trickery has never been found. Furthermore, of several efforts to duplicate the photo using a dark cardboard triangular model with holes and light bulbs, only one made by members of the Astrophysics Institute at Liege University somewhat resembled the Petit-Rechain photo. But the luminosity of the spots in the replica was uniform, while those in the original exhibited different shapes and spectral effects. The most recent CNRS study by Dr. Marion confirmed the previous analysis and found, as put by Gen. De Brouwer, a “halo around the craft with patterned structure,” which could have been caused by the object’s “propulsion system” of “magnetoplasma dynamic.” Marion also stated that “it would be extremely difficult to fake such a photograph.”

In the end, it’s almost impossible to guarantee the authenticity of a UFO image. There will always be a difference of opinions, but the verdict in the Petit-Rechain case appears highly favorable. Triangular UFOs were seen throughout Belgium during the early 1990s. Dozens of fuzzy videos and grainy photos were taken, but they were generally not impressive. Petit-Rechain was the great exception.

Note: Since the writing of this article, the photo turned out to be an admitted hoax.

NO EVIDENCE OF SECRET AIRCRAFT

Due to the high credibility of most witnesses in the Belgian wave and their descriptions of a silent, triangular craft being so precise, trying to explain the wave in terms of hoaxes, misidentified natural phenomena, or conventional aircraft seemed fruitless. Therefore, a number of skeptics and aviation journalists focused on trying to prove the hypothesis of secret U.S. aircraft flying over Belgium. A series of candidates were proposed, from the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) to secret airships, from the F-117A stealth fighter to some other revolutionary U.S. secret military aircraft such as the alleged TR-3A Black Manta. First, you have to ponder why the U.S. would conduct tests of their most-secret aircraft in such a highly populated area like Wallonia, which is not only a U.S. ally, but also headquarters of the NATO alliance. Gen. De Brouwer put it bluntly in a 1991 interview with the French magazine, OVNI Présence: “Why would the Americans conduct tests here in Europe, without permission and with the risk of having an accident that could create a diplomatic incident on a global scale? This doesn’t involve only Belgium, but NATO, where its concept itself could be put in question. I don’t believe that the Americans could take such a risk, it’s evident.”

Major General (Ret.) Wilfried De Brouwer, who was the Royal Belgian Air Force point man for the UFO wave, during his trip to Washington, DC to participate at the National Press Club event in 2007.

Credit: Bernard Thouanel

Guy Coeme and Leo Delcroix, the two Belgian Ministers of Defence during the wave, denied emphatically the theory that the UFOs were actually U.S. aircraft and based their denial on official inquiries with the U.S. Embassy in Brussels. In a 1993 letter to French researcher Renaud Marhic, Minister Delcroix wrote: “Unfortunately, no explanation has been found to date. The nature and origin of the phenomenon remain unknown. One theory can, however, be definitely dismissed since the Belgian Armed Forces have been positively assured by American authorities that there has never been any sort of American aerial test flight.” A declassified 1990 document from the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) entitled, “Belgium and the UFO Issue,” supports Delcroix’s position. After describing the basic events of the wave that had transpired up to that point, the unnamed U.S. official wrote at the very end of this memo: “The [U.S. Air Force (USAF)] did confirm to the [Belgian Air Force] and Belgian [Ministry of Defence] that no USAF stealth aircraft were operating in the Ardennes area during the periods in question. This was released to the Belgian press and received wide dissemination.”

Thirty years have now passed since the Belgian UFO wave, and no new significant evidence has been produced to prove that the sightings were caused by secret military aircraft. The reported cases remain unexplained. It seems certain that something massive and technologically advanced flew over Belgian territory during the 1989-93 period. Why and who was behind it are questions that remain to be answered. A suitable conclusion, for now, is to repeat what Gen. De Brouwer wrote at the end of his famous postface to the SOBEPS’s first volume: “The day will come undoubtedly when the phenomenon will be observed with technological means of detection and collection that won’t leave a single doubt about its origin. This should lift a part of the veil that has covered the mystery for a long time. A mystery that continues thus present. But it exists, it is real, and that in itself is an important conclusion.”

The author (left) with SOBEPS’ chairman Lucien Clerebaut at the Society’s headquarters in Brussels in 1995. The map in the background shows the locations of sightings in Belgium.

Credit: Antonio Huneeus

• A version of this article originally appeared in Issue #5 (December/January 2011) of Open Minds UFO Magazine. Back issues can be found here.

{ https://openminds.tv/category/articles }

07-03-2024 om 23:16 geschreven door peter  

Psychologist Carl Jung’s Fascination with UFOs

Posted by: Alejandro Rojas

Some view Carl Jung as a UFO debunker, others as a UFO believer, but the truth is he was somewhere in the middle. Either way, it is certain that Jung was an avid UFO researcher and fascinated with the topic. He wrote a book about the psychological symbolism and the role the UFO mythos plays in the unconscious mind.  Moreover, on several occasions Jung complained that his studies would have been much easier if the UFO phenomenon was not real.

Jung the Psychologist

Jung was born in Switzerland in 1875. His father was a pastor in the Swiss Reformed Protestant Church, and his mother was from a wealthy Swiss family. He was the Jungs’ fourth child, but was the only child who survived into his childhood. As such, he grew up as an only child. Later, he wrote that he remembered enjoying his solitude.

His first experience with neurosis was at the age of twelve when a fellow student shoved him, causing him to fall and hit his head on the ground very hard. He remembered associating this experience with schoolwork, and whenever he had to go to school or do schoolwork he would faint. Overhearing his parents’ concern that this condition would cause him to be unable to support himself as an adult, Jung fought to overcome the problem and eventually returned to academics.

Although Jung had a profound interest in spirituality, his experiences triggered an interest in psychology and he decided to pursue a career in medicine. It wasn’t long before he realized that studies in psychology would allow him to combine his interests in medicine and spirituality, and in 1902, he completed his doctoral dissertation, which was titled “On the Psychology and Pathology of So-Called Occult Phenomena.” He graduated with a medical degree from the University of Basel.

After graduating, Jung went to work with psychiatric patients at the University of Zurich asylum. He wrote a paper on word association that he sent to Sigmund Freud. Freud was impressed with Jung’s work, and they quickly became very close. Freud considered Jung his successor. However, after several years, Jung began to develop his own ideas beyond the work of Freud, and due to their disagreements, the relationship turned adversarial.

Carl Jung (bottom right), Sigmund Freud (bottom left), and others at a 1909 celebration of the founding of Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts.

Credit: Library of Congress

Freud’s work with the ego and unconscious served as a foundation for Jung’s work. They both felt that disconnects between the conscious and unconscious minds caused neurosis in people. They also both relied on dream interpretation to explore a person’s unconscious mind as a method for subsequently resolving neurosis. In fact, one story holds that Jung and Freud interpreted each other’s dreams and both completely disagreed with the other’s analysis, thus hastening the dissolution of their friendship.

A major area of disagreement between the two was that Jung did not believe a person’s unconscious was driven solely by sexual desires, as Freud did. Jung believed other strong emotions such as fear and aspiration were just as influential. He also conceived of a deeper level of the unconscious called the collective unconscious, which he believed is a part of our unconscious mind that holds ideas and concepts shared by all humankind. He believed these base ideas are then shaped by our cultural perceptions and personal experience. For example, we all have ideas around the notions of mothers, fathers, wise elders, etc. Jung called these shared notions archetypes. Jung felt that these archetypes not only would manifest in dreams, but could be seen in people’s creative works and behavior, including art, religion, and mythology.

Jung’s contributions to psychology are numerous. Even today his ideas of extraversion and introversion are a mainstay in personality psychology. He also came up with the idea of psychological complexes and synchronicities. All of these ideas and terms are commonly used in everyday conversation today, and all were made popular by Jung.

Jung and Alchemy

It is the idea of the archetype that brought Jung to have a particular interest in UFOs. When Jung interpreted psychological meaning he would search for archetypal figures. As mentioned earlier, such figures could be a mother or father.  But, in a mythological story, the archetype may be the hero, a dragon, or even a planetary entity such as the sun. However, Jung also had an interested in alchemy.

Alchemy is typically connected to legends of ancient mystics attempting to unravel the secret of turning lead into gold. The work of alchemists is credited with the development of modern chemistry. However, another side of alchemy is spiritual in nature, relating to personal transformation. Jung had a passion for alchemy in this sense, and felt that the metal lead was a metaphor for an impure soul, whereas gold was a metaphor for a perfected soul. Jung’s interest in alchemy was thus as a method of purifying the soul.

The Tabula Smaradina (Emerald Tablet), a print by Mathias Merian from the 1600s displaying alchemical symbols and imagery.

Credit: Mathias Merian

Jung wrote a couple of books focused on interpreting alchemical symbolism and processes as different stages of personal growth that mirrored his ideas. He felt these symbols were archetypes that were unconsciously manifesting in the work of alchemists. Although he acknowledged the physical goals of alchemy (an attempt to transmute lead into gold), Jung did not give it much attention in his writing and focused on the non-physical aspects that related to his psychological theories. This is very similar to the way he approached the topic of UFOs.

Jung and UFOs

In 1951, Jung wrote to a friend in the United States: “I am puzzled to death about the phenomena, because I haven’t been able yet to make out with sufficient certainty whether the whole thing is a rumour with concomitant singular and mass hallucination, or a downright fact.” 

Book cover to Jung’s Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies.

(Credit: Princeton University Press.)

Although Jung showed an interest in the mystery of the physical reality of the UFO phenomenon, professionally he stated, “As a psychologist, I am not qualified to contribute anything useful to the question of the physical reality of Ufos.” However, Jung could contribute by analyzing the unmistakable psychological side to the UFO phenomenon. In 1958, several of Jung’s papers regarding the psychology of UFOs were published in a book. It was originally published in German, but in 1959 it was translated to English under the title, Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies.

In the book, Jung argued that although there may be a physical reality to UFOs, there is certainly a portion of the phenomenon that is fantasy. He examined the difficulty many have in accepting fantastical stories of UFOs, even when they come from pilots, and points out, “What is worse, most of the stories come from America, the land of superlatives and of science fiction.”

For the sake of argument, and to examine the psychological aspects of the phenomenon, Jung presumed that UFOs are fantasy. This is an important aspect that many critics overlook when they characterize Jung as dismissive of the phenomenon altogether. UFO researchers also tend not to appreciate the portions of Jung’s book in which he examined the UFO phenomenon in regards to archetypal imagery and alchemic symbolism. Jung himself assures his readers that although his work may appear to be “unbridled fantasy” to those unfamiliar with psychology, it is actually based on “thorough research into the history of symbols.”

In his book, Jung observed that most UFO sightings describe the objects as disc shaped, which is a symbol that is often seen in alchemy and existed in the mythology of other cultures. For example, the Hindu and Buddhist symbol of the mandala is a circular disc-shaped symbol. Jung believed that the mandala is a protective sphere, which is elicited in the unconscious in times of emotional tension. Jung noted that, around the time of many of the UFO sightings, the world was under a collective stress due to “Russian policies and their still unpredictable consequences.” In short, he felt that perhaps UFOs were appearing in visions at the time because of the world’s Cold War jitters, and that the UFOs were a manifestation of a need for protection and salvation.

Jung’s book also provided detail of the analysis of particular sightings and art. One of the significant contributions to ufology made by the book is a focus on two historical broadsheets, a type of ancient newspaper, that recorded mysterious apparitions that many have speculated to be UFO related. Although Jung asserted that these reports were in the UFO literature prior to the publication of his book, Jung clearly made them popular as potential ancient UFO sightings.

The first is referred to as the Basel Broadsheet, and it dates back to 1566. It was written by Samuel Coccius and is a report of “many large black globes” that were seen flying in front of the sun “with great speed.” The Basel Broadsheet notes, “Some of them became red and fiery and afterwards faded and went out.” Jung noted the similarity of this phenomenon to modern UFO accounts.

The Basel Broadsheet from 1566 analyzed by Carl Jung in his Flying Saucer book.

Credit: Wickiana Collection, Zentralbibliothek Zürich

The second report is called the Nuremberg Broadsheet and dates back to 1561. This report chronicles a “very frightful spectacle” that was witnessed by several people. Again, “globes” were seen near the sun, “some three in a row, now and then four in a square, also some standing alone.” There were also “two great tubes.” Jung noted that in UFO literature large tubes are considered “motherships,” and have been reported to have smaller discs that appear to fly out of them.

The Nuremberg Broadsheet from 1561 analyzed by Carl Jung in his Flying Saucer book.

Credit: Wickiana Collection, Zentralbibliothek Zürich

The Physical Reality of UFOs

In his book, Jung also examined the possibility of the physical reality of UFOs. He noted that, “unfortunately,” UFOs cannot be dismissed as purely psychological in nature. He pointed to numerous sightings, some of which have been caught in photographs and on radar. Jung even poked fun at astronomer Donald Menzel, a UFO debunker, saying that he “has not succeeded, despite all his efforts, in offering a scientific explanation of even one authentic UFO report.” 

Jung was well-versed on UFO research. He wrote, “since 1947 I have collected all of the books I could get a hold of on the subject.” He was also a member of the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP), an early civilian UFO organization that included many credible members. In fact, in his book, Jung often referred to the work of Major Donald Keyhoe, a cofounder and director of NICAP.

Prior to releasing his book, Jung was considered by UFO researchers to be a proponent of the physical reality of UFOs. In 1955, he wrote an article on UFOs for a British journal called the Flying Saucer Review. In the article, Jung stated that he had never seen a UFO himself, but that “I can only say for certain: these things are not a mere rumour: something has been seen.”

He went on to argue that the U.S. Air Force “despite its contradictory statements,” considers the phenomenon to be real and they conduct official investigations. He warned that, by concealing information on the topic, the military is making it more likely that people will panic since the public is denied “an adequate picture of what is happening.”

Jung also stated that “the ‘disks’ (that is, the objects themselves) do not behave in accordance with physical laws, but as though without weight, and they show signs of intelligent guidance, by quasi human pilots, for their accelerations are such that no normal human could survive.”

Not much was made of Jung’s 1955 article until it was reprinted in 1958 by the Aerial Phenomena Research Organization (APRO) in the organization’s bulletin in July 1958. APRO posted the story as part of an announcement that Jung had agreed to become an official consultant for the organization. The New York Herald Tribune quickly picked up on the report and printed a story with the headline, “Dr. Jung Says ‘Flying Disks’ Suggest Quasi-Human Pilots.”

APRO Bulletin from July, 1958 with reprint of Jung’s article on UFOs.

Credit: APRO

Jung was not happy with the implication that he believed UFOs represented a physical phenomenon and later wrote a letter to United Press International news agency clarifying his position. He wrote: “I expressly state that I cannot commit myself on the question to the physical reality or unreality of the UFOs since I do not possess sufficient evidence either for or against.” He then stated, “Something is seen, but it isn’t known what.” Jung later repeated this statement in his 1958 book and in several letters.

Although Jung was clearly embarrassed by the public perception that he conclusively believed flying saucers were physical in nature, he later reiterated his prior statements and earlier criticisms of the U.S. Air Force’s handling of the matter in very strong words. He wrote:

In spite of the fact that I hold my judgment concerning UFOs—temporarily let’s hope—in abeyance, I thought it worthwhile to throw a light upon the rich fantasy material which has accumulated round the peculiar observations in the skies. Any new experience has two aspects: (I) the pure fact and (2) the way one conceives of it. It is the latter I am concerned with. If it is true that the [American Air Force] or the Government withholds telltale facts, then one can only say that this is the most unpsychological and stupid policy one could invent. Nothing helps rumours and panics more than ignorance.

It is no wonder that many have been confused as to Jung’s official stance on UFOs. He seems to have believed the phenomenon and sightings to be real, but is uncertain whether UFOs are a physical reality or are limited to a psychological phenomenon. He stated that although “by all human standards it hardly seems possible to doubt this any longer,” in the decade or more he had been studying the topic, neither he nor anyone else seems to have learned much from the study of the physical aspect of UFOs. Jung said that this is precisely why he found it much more fruitful to study the psychological aspects of UFOs, an area in which he felt he had gained an abundance of knowledge.

Jung may be right. Concrete physical proof of UFOs continues to elude us to this day. Yet, Jung is another example of a luminary who garners a great amount of respect in his field of study, who also had the vision to seriously consider the UFO phenomenon. His UFO interest is a story that should not be forgotten, and his insights into the phenomenon may help guide us today, just as his insights into the human mind continue to be a part of the bedrock of modern psychological understanding.

• A version of this article originally appeared in Open Minds UFO Magazine. Back issues can be found here.

{ https://openminds.tv/category/articles }

07-03-2024 om 22:47 geschreven door peter  

Possible micro black hole made over Norway and Switzerland, sees as far as Iceland and Alaska. 🤯 UFO Sighting News.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

07-03-2024 om 22:32 geschreven door peter  

Soviet Cosmonaut shadowed by 40 meter UFO in Earths orbit, April 1979, UAP Sighting News

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

07-03-2024 om 22:26 geschreven door peter  

In 1947 Kenneth Arnold witnessed UFO Sighting, while flying over Near Mt. Rainier, Washington, USA. 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com }

07-03-2024 om 21:35 geschreven door peter  

Nieuwe ruimterace in volle gang: China en Rusland willen samen bemande maanbasis bouwen

{ https://www.businessinsider.nl/ }

07-03-2024 om 21:25 geschreven door peter  

Rusland en China overwegen samen een missie naar de maan te sturen om daar een kerncentrale te bouwen. Yuri Borisov, het hoofd van de Russische ruimtevaartorganisatie Roscosmos, deelde dit plan tijdens een jeugdevenement in Rusland. De missie zou plaatsvinden tussen 2033 en 2035.

De technologie die nodig is voor deze ambitieuze missie zou volgens Borisov bijna gereed zijn. Hij benadrukte dat zonnepanelen alleen niet voldoende zouden zijn voor een betrouwbare stroomvoorziening op de maan. Het plan omvat een samenwerking met China om een krachtbron op het maanoppervlak te plaatsen, waarbij nucleaire ruimte-energie als oplossing wordt voorgesteld.

Geen verrassing

Het nieuws komt op een moment dat Rusland en China al samenwerken aan het International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), dat in 2021 werd ondertekend. Het ILRS is een geplande maanbasis die wordt geleid door het Russische Roscosmos en de China National Space Administration (CNSA).

Ondanks recente tegenslagen van Rusland zoals de mislukte maanlanding in 2023, blijven de plannen voor de samenwerking tussen beide landen wel staande. China boekt vooruitgang met zijn Chang’e-sondes, waaronder Chang’e 5, die met succes monsters van het maanoppervlak naar de aarde heeft gebracht.

Niet nieuw

Het idee van een kerncentrale op de maan is niet nieuw. Zelfs de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA heeft eerder voorgesteld om kernreactoren te gebruiken om toekomstige maankolonies van stroom te voorzien. In 1969 gebruikten Apollo 12-astronauten al een nucleaire generator voor wetenschappelijke experimenten op de maan.

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07-03-2024 om 21:15 geschreven door peter  

The Enigmatic Case of Llanilar: Unveiling Europe’s Roswell

In the quiet countryside of Llanilar, a small village nestled in the heart of Wales, lies a tale as mysterious as it is compelling. Dubbed “Europe’s Roswell,” this incident, much like its American counterpart, has spurred debates, investigations, and a quest for truth that spans over four decades. The event in question occurred in the early days of January 1983, when something extraordinary crashed, leaving behind a trail of intrigue and unanswered questions.

The story begins with a local farmer, Erwell Evans, discovering his fields littered with strange debris and a swath of his forest inexplicably cleared. This wasn’t just any crash site; the area was strewn with metallic fragments, some as large as two meters square, alongside smaller, foil-like pieces. The nature of the debris, coupled with the absence of any conventional aircraft wreckage, quickly attracted the attention of UFO researchers and government entities alike.

At the forefront of the investigation was British UFO researcher, Mark Olly, whose work has shed light on the peculiarities of this case. Olly’s exploration into the Llanilar incident reveals parallels to the Roswell event of 1947, including mysterious materials, government involvement, and the subsequent cleanup efforts that seemed to sweep the occurrence under the rug. However, what sets Llanilar apart is the physical evidence that was left behind and later analyzed, offering a tangible link to the unknown.

Initial investigations into the debris suggested a material composition unlike anything known at the time. Early assessments hinted at a form of aluminum, but later analyses conducted in the United States and Australia revealed far more intriguing properties. One sample was identified as aluminum foam, a known material, yet another was found to be comprised of over 94% lanthanum, a rare earth metal with properties and an extraction cost that made its abundant presence at the crash site all the more baffling.

VIDEO:

• George Knapp – The Untold Story of Llanilar’s UFO Crash

• https://youtu.be/6nxlj7T2cQ8
• https://youtu.be/rrwdpTsf-2A

The implications of these findings are profound, hinting at technology that was decades ahead of its time. The possibility that this could be a craft, either terrestrial in origin but highly classified, or perhaps even extraterrestrial, cannot be dismissed. The latter hypothesis is bolstered by accounts of unidentified flying objects in the region, suggesting a history of aerial phenomena that predates the crash.

One of the most enigmatic aspects of the Llanilar incident is the response it elicited from unknown operatives, colloquially known as “Men in Black.” These individuals purportedly visited one of the key witnesses, seeking the return of the collected materials. Their appearance, shortly after a meticulous cleanup operation, adds another layer of mystery to the narrative, hinting at a concerted effort to obfuscate the truth.

Despite the passage of time, the Llanilar UFO crash remains a subject of fascination and speculation. The evidence gathered, though limited, provides a tantalizing glimpse into a moment when the ordinary brushed against the extraordinary. As with Roswell, the full story of what occurred in Llanilar may never be completely unraveled, but it stands as a testament to the enduring allure of the unexplained and the lengths to which some will go to keep it hidden.

In the realm of UFOlogy, the Llanilar incident underscores the complex interplay between observable phenomena, government secrecy, and the quest for understanding that drives both professional researchers and casual observers. It is a reminder of the vastness of our universe, the potential for undiscovered technology, and the ever-present human desire to uncover the truth behind the mysteries that surround us.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

07-03-2024 om 20:41 geschreven door peter  

UK’s Clearest UFO Photo Is Revealed, It Was Set To Be Released In 2072, 100% Authentic

A big revelation in the 1990 Calvine UFO incident has recently happened. The most awaited UFO photo that was set to be released on January 1, 2072, was somehow found and released by UAP Media UK. This new discovery is a shock to those who always bring skepticism to the field of UFOlogy. Vinnie Adams of the UAP Media UK disclosed that his team not only found the original print of the Calvine “UFO,” taken directly from the negatives, but also the original envelope which was sent from the Scottish Daily Record to Craig Lindsay who was the MOD Press Officer that dealt with the case at the time.

Brief Information About Calvine UFO Photo

There are many videos and photographs of UFOs on the Internet, and some of them have credibility. But there is one photograph sent to the UK defense ministry, the MoD, which is considered to be the most spectacular UFO photo although somehow, it has disappeared. The photograph contains a 100-feet diamond-shaped flying saucer, hovering over a village named Calvine in the Scottish Highlands. The photo was taken in 1990.

Nick Pope worked for the British Ministry of Defence (MoD) for 21 years. From 1991 to 1994, he was the head of the MoD’s UFO project. He said that during his time in the MoD, he came across several credible UFO cases. One such case involves the photograph from the Calvine Incident.

The story of how the photograph reached the MoD’s office is phenomenal. Mr. Pope said that when he began his investigation into UFOs in 1991, it led him to a poster, hanging on the wall near his desk. The poster was an enlarged-colored photograph of the UFO from the Calvine Incident.

“The X-Files first aired in the UK in 1994 and I acquired the same nickname (Spooky) as Fox Mulder, for obvious reasons,” Nick said. “Mulder famously had his ‘I want to believe’ UFO poster on his office wall and though uncaptioned, I suppose this was my equivalent.”

Most of the UFO photos are either fake, blurry, or just a small dot in the sky, but this particular photo was clear and taken in broad daylight. According to Mr. Pope, the photograph contained an 80-foot diamond-shaped craft with a military jet in the background.

Two unnamed hikers from the Perthshire region allegedly took the photo of a large UFO while walking near the village of Calvine on August 4, 1990. “The photos were then sent to the Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS) who then sent them on to imagery analysts at JARIC (Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre). Yet at the time, the MoD hadn’t even publicly acknowledged that there was any intelligence interest in UFOs at all,” Mr. Pope explained.

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• Does This FBI Document Suggest That Nikola Tesla Was An Alien From Venus?

Interestingly, the photo disappeared without any trace when the UFO investigators questioned the MoD whether Americans were testing secret prototype aircraft in the area. Mr. Pope asked the US if the craft belonged to them but they refused to admit it.

According to a 30-year rule in the UK, the MoD was supposed to release the secret UFO dossier on January 1, 2021, but the UK government banned the release for another 50 years. This secret file is said to contain the infamous UFO photo from the Calvine incident. Now, it is set to be released on January 1, 2072.

Photo found after 32 years

UAP Media UK is working hard to bring a serious resource to the British media outlets on the discussion of UFOs. One of the members of this project named Vinnie Adams has been working with Dr. David Clarke and a small team of researchers on the Calvine case from 1990 in Scotland for the last 11 months. (Source)

This led him to discover an original print of the Calvine “UFO,” taken directly from the negatives that were sent by the witnesses to the Scottish Daily Record back in 1990, just after the event occurred.

He also found the original envelope which was sent from the Scottish Daily Record to Craig Lindsay who was the MOD Press Officer that dealt with the case at the time.

Mr. Adams wrote: “According to the copy of the hand-written sighting report that was released by The National Archives (TNA) in October 2008, the witnesses gave an account of their sighting plus the color photographs to what was the joint RAF/Royal Navy Headquarters at Pitreavie, near Dunfermline (which closed in 1996).”

Nick Pope mentioned the details of the Scottish sighting in his 1996 book “Open Skies, Closed Minds,” which prompted a British Parliamentary Question in July 1996 from Martin Redmond, Former Member of Parliament for Doncaster, about the incident:

“To ask the Secretary of State for Defence what assessment his Department made of the photograph of an unidentified craft at Calvine on 4 August 1990; who removed it from an office in Secretariat (Air Staff) 2a; for what reasons; and if he will make a statement.”

Nicholas Soames, Minister of State for the Armed Forces, gave a written reply to the MP’s question:

“A number of negatives associated with the sighting were examined by staff responsible for air defence matters. Since it was judged they contained nothing of defence significance the negatives were not retained and we have no record of any photographs being taken from them.” (Hansard HC Deb., 24 July 1996, vol.282, col 39248W)

Journalist Dr David Clarke, who is also a member of UAP Media UK, was put in touch with retired RAF press officer Craig Lindsay. Craig was involved in the Calvine case back in 1990 as the go-between for the Daily Record and the MOD.

During his involvement in the case, Craig acquired an original print of the elusive photograph. Along with the photo, Craig also kept the original envelope containing the photograph sent by the Daily Record to the MOD.

In May 2022, David interviewed Craig in Scotland and was shown the original print. In June, Craig agreed to donate the photograph to the Sheffield Hallam University Archives, handing it to Dr. Dravid Clarke and Vinnie Adams. The image now resides in its new home at the Sheffield Hallam University folklore archives.

Authenticity of Calvine UFO Photo

Andrew Robinson, a senior lecturer in Photography at Sheffield Hallam University claims the authenticity of the 1990 Scottish highlands UFO photo. In his detailed analysis, he found the image showing no evidence of negative or print-based manipulation, and all visible signs suggest this is a genuine photograph of the scene before the camera. (Source)

Robinson concluded in his study:

1. The photograph is a color print from XP-1 or XP-2 chromogenic Black and White C41 film printed on a standard;
2. It is not possible to identify the object in the center of the frame. However, the evidence present suggests that this object was in front of the camera in the position shown when the photograph was captured;
3. Thus it follows that this is either a genuine unidentified flying object in the sky OR that any construction or manipulation used to create this effect occurred in front of the camera and not in the capturing of the scene on film nor in the subsequent processing and printing of the image;
4. The results of this analysis are consistent with, and support the claimed heritage of the print.

Check the video below by Nick Pope, speaking about how insiders view the Calvine UFO incident

 { https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

06-03-2024 om 23:30 geschreven door peter  

Aristarchus crater

(Credit: NASA)

During recent studies undertaken by researchers with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the samples retrieved by Chang’e-5 were compared alongside both lunar and Martian regolith samples, allowing scientists an unprecedented opportunity to search for answers to their unique compositions.

The recent analysis also revealed an intriguing connection to a location on the Moon associated with sightings of anomalous activity that has long intrigued astronomers.

Extensive markings cover the surface of the Moon, many of which are visible on its Earth-facing side. While often viewed as resembling a man’s face in the West, according to Chinese traditions these same darkened regions are likened to the Yutu the rabbit, companion of the Moon goddess Chang’e after whom the country’s lunar lander was named.

The formation of these craters and other features that score the lunar landscape are the result of objects crashing into its surface over extensive periods. However, craters aren’t all that were left behind during these ongoing collisions.

During the extreme conditions that occur when asteroids and comets impact the lunar surface, alterations to the mineral composition and structure of the Moon also occur. Specifically, temperature and pressure conditions lead to changes that have certain characteristics that include the formation of silica variants known as polymorphs, offering researchers a valuable opportunity to analyze the resulting minerals and reveal clues about their past.

Wei Du, one of the authors of a new paper describing the Chinese team’s findings, says that although craters covering the Moon number in the tens of thousands, the presence of minerals that are formed as the result of intense pressure still isn’t very common.

“One of the possible explanations for this is that most high-pressure minerals are unstable at high temperatures,” Du said in a statement, meaning that the ones that are likely to have been created during impact events may have undergone a retrograde process, meaning that the identifying characteristics of high-pressure conditions may not be readily apparent.

Fortunately, one silica fragment obtained in the CE-5 sample was found to possess both stishovite and seifertite, silica polymorphs that are unique because they should only be able to coexist under just such high-pressure conditions.

In their recent research, Du and his colleagues determined that seifertite becomes present in a phase that occurs between the formation of stishovite and another silica polymorph called α-cristobalite, which was also located in samples collected by Change’e-5.

Aristarchus crater (left) and the nearby Herodotus crater (right), located near the southernmost edge of the Cobra head, a feature produced by an ancient volcanic vent

(Credit: NASA/GSFC/ Arizona State University)

Aristarchus crater is unique for reasons other than being the youngest of the four craters believed to have contributed ejecta to the samples Chang’e-5 collected. For nearly two centuries, astronomers have observed anomalous flashes of light that appear to originate from within the center of the Aristarchus crater.

One early account of the phenomenon appeared in an 1836 letter from Captain W. Smyth in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, where he described his observation of “a light, resembling that of a star of the 9th or 10th magnitude”. Smyth reported that the unusual light source appeared “brilliant, and visible for several seconds together” and alluded to earlier observations of the same phenomenon “mentioned by Cassini, Sir W. Herschel, and Captain Kater,” among others.

Today, the Aristarchus “anomaly” is believed to result from the high reflectivity, or albedo, of lunar regolith located near the center of the crater, which could also be related to the presence of silicates found in the regolith there, and now also in the Change’e-5 samples.

Altogether, Du and his colleagues say the sample return mission has offered unprecedented insights into how the hidden history of celestial bodies like our Moon can be revealed through modern analysis techniques.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

06-03-2024 om 22:48 geschreven door peter  

Scientist Reveals Two Terrifying Underwater UFO Encounters On Nuclear Submarine During Covert Operations

An unidentified object that was traveling under the ocean at a speed greater than the speed of sound came dangerously close to a nuclear submarine. This claim was made by a researcher who was working on a classified operation aboard the USS Hampton when he made the statement. For many years, Bob McGwier worked in clandestine intelligence. He disclosed two incidents about underwater UFOs or USOs, that he saw while performing covert operations. This claim was made several months after a video had been made public by the United States military, in which it appeared to show an unidentified flying object moving from the sky into the water in the year 2019.

UFO researcher and former fighter pilot Chris Lehto heard the story from Bob McGwire, who said that the submarine passed at incredible speed while “going deep and fast” in the late 1990s. McGwire stated that this encounter was corroborated by a member of the crew who was surprised by the speed of the Unidentified Submerged Object, also known as the USO. (Source)

“We were underway and all of a sudden I hear the sound it was really strange… it was moving so fast. I just cannot believe it because this submarine is limited in the speed it can go by the incompressibility of the water in front of it and this thing blew by us like we were standing still. I’m not going to throw anybody else under the bus here but I guarantee you the following happened: a person with knowledge of onboard systems came out and said ‘oh my God’ this goddamn thing is going faster than the speed of sound underwater but that’s faster than the speed of sound in air.”

Robert G. McGwier is the founder and Technical Advisor at Hawkeye 360. He serves as Technical Director of Federated Wireless, Inc. Dr. McGwier is the Director of Research for the Ted and Karyn Hume Center for National Security and Technology, and Research Professor in the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Tech. At Virginia Tech, he leads the overall execution of the Center’s research mission and leads the university’s program development efforts in national security applications of wireless and space systems. His area of expertise is in radio frequency communications and digital signal processing.

McGwire had another USO encounter that took place onboard the USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) in 2008 while it was in a violent Typhoon. “I wanted to look outside and see what I could see and I was on the bridge so I was right up there underneath the American flag looking out the windows. When I noticed that even though we were in a typhoon and it was raining like mad there was no rain hitting the ship and I’m going what the heck and I looked out the window and looked up and I could see a glow above us in the sky. It was not very bright but I could see it and whatever it was blocking off the rain from the entire ship stem to stern.”

McGwire continued: “I believe I was on the port side and the reason I say that is because I took a peek outside and I could do that because I was Leeward in other words the winds were from behind me and the bulkhead of the ship were blocking the winds. So, I could look up easily so anyway it suddenly grew brighter and took off straight up and the rain returned.”

Similar to McGwire’s second encounter, in 1991, USS Kirk FF108 USO Encounter took place off the west coast of South America. The witness stated that at that time, he was a Chief of Operations and Intelligence serving aboard the Knox-class escort destroyer USS Kirk FF1087 and that they were part of a drug interdiction force consisting of the USS Kirk and three other Navy ships. Their main task was to patrol using a network of radars to track and then intercept drug planes flying out of Colombia, Panama and Guatemala, as well as to seize any smuggling ships that they could find. (Source)

The witness said that his primary position was at the CIC Combat Information Center, which he and 22 other specialists maintained 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, rotating in two shifts of 11 people.

At 2 a.m. on December 16, he was on duty at CIC. The night was calm and nothing unusual happened. He said he used the break to go up to the bridge. At this time, the entire ship was in a status called “darkened ship,” when all external lights were turned off, as well as on the bridge, that is, everything around was dimly lit only by instrument panels. His friend was on deck duty that night, and they chatted when they had some free time. And suddenly, everything around was lit up in the red color:

“All of a sudden and out of nowhere, like a huge flash from a camera, emanating from the starboard bow sea level upward was a huge flash of red glowing light, which lit up our entire ship. It only lit up our ship, not the surrounding ocean, just our ship. It happened so fast, that the OOD, the navigator and I were speechless for about 5 seconds, at which time I looked at the OOD and asked him if he just saw that light. He stated yes in a sullen voice.

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I then asked the navigator and he replied yes. I then took the navigator’s sound powered headset, and asked the forward and aft look outs, if they had just seen the same red flash, to which the forward look out stated, “YES! WHAT THE HELL WAS THAT?”

After lookout said yes as well. I then immediately contacted CIC, and asked the CIC officer if we had any aircraft or surface ships in our vicinity, to which he replied clear as a whistle. I asked if we had any submarine activity in the area, to which he replied, no. At this point I looked at the OOD and asked him if we should wake up the captain or as we would call him, The Old Man. The OOD sat there stunned for a minute, as did I and everyone else.

What had just happened did not make any sense. The flash emanated from the sea, directly off of our starboard bow (like it was touching our bow), and ascended upwardly so rapidly, creating the effect of the bright red flash. The other weird aspect of this event was that only our ship was lit up within the red flash, not the surrounding sea, but our vessel only. The OOD elected not to wake the captain, and the entire incident was logged in our ship’s log as an unexplained phenomenon.

Up until this event, I did not believe in UFOss or USOss. I have no doubt that our ship, steaming along at 12 knots, came right up on a submerged unidentifiable aircraft. I don’t think the aircraft or USO had any idea we were sailing up to them. I think whatever it was, took off in a very unplanned and fast manner, and wanted to quickly identify us, thus the flash.”

In the end, after much deliberation, they decided not to wake the captain up, but simply to register it in the ship’s log as an “unexplained phenomenon.”

Many members of the United States Navy have reported fascinating sightings, and video showing UFOs entering water has even been made public. A video that was shot by the sailors of the USS Omaha in July 2019 off the coast of San Diego is one of the pieces of evidence that are being put up to support this claim. A spherical object is seen soaring over the ship and then plunging into the ocean in a video that was shared by UFO researcher and investigative director Jeremy Corbell. During this time, a member of the crew can be heard saying, “Wow, it splashed!”

The video generated considerable interest online, and when Corbell revealed that a Navy submarine had been dispatched to look for the object without success, things got even more intriguing. It is interesting to note that at around the same time, American submarines also spotted other mysterious anomalous objects that defied the laws of physics in the water nearby. The Navy has verified the authenticity of the video but claims to have no explanation for its existence.

More specifically, Luis Elizondo, a former director of the Pentagon’s Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, said:

“Imagine a technology that can do 6-700 g-forces, which can fly at 13,000 miles per hour, which can evade radar and which can fly through air and water and eventually. in the space. And oh, by the way, has no obvious signs of propulsion, no wings, no control surfaces and yet can still defy the natural effects of Earth’s gravity. This is precisely what we are seeing.” (Source)

 { https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

06-03-2024 om 22:28 geschreven door peter  

The Egg Shaped UFO Invasion of 1957

Jazz Shaw

When the Pentagon's UAP Task Force released an initial report in April of 2023, UFO researchers expressed frustration that a figure allegedly showing the shapes of anomalous craft being reported had been redacted. But when former AARO director Sean Kirkpatrick appeared before a congressional committee later that year, he brought the goods with him. He displayed a pie chart describing the various shapes of craft that had been reported, with a significant majority of them being depicted as "round" or "orbs." Many other less frequently seen shapes were listed as well, including triangles, cubes, and even classic saucers, described as discs. But there was one shape missing. There was no mention of egg-shaped UFOs.

You don't hear much about UFOs of that shape in the modern era, but that wasn't always the case. There was a time when such reports were quite common. If you do a search for the phrase "egg-shaped" in the Project Blue Book files in the National Archives, quite a few pages of results are returned, but they are almost entirely from the 1950s or early 1960s. Among the first, biggest, and most widely reported took place in the first week of November 1957. It started in the vicinity of Levelland, Texas on November 2nd and 3rd. Many people reported seeing the oddly-shaped, glowing objects flying around at various altitudes and distances. The media seized on the story, starting with the Lubbock Morning Avalanche (Page 1 and Page 2.) and it was soon being reported across the country on the newswires. The event wasn't restricted to the Levelland area, however. Soon sightings were being reported across the state and even by ships in the Gulf of Mexico. More reports came in from as far away as Chicago and other locations around the western half of the United States.

Not all of the witnesses described the objects as "egg-shaped," but many did. And the incidents had something else in common. Frequently, when motorists were approached by the objects too closely, they reported that the engines in their cars would mysteriously shut down, similar to Roy Neary's truck in Close Encounters of the Third Kind. One has to wonder if Steven Spielberg got the idea from the Levelland event. He has been quoted in interviews saying that some of the concepts in the film were inspired by the work of J. Allen Hynek. (Dr. Hynek makes an appearance later in this story.)

Other notable sightings were recorded in the following days and reports began flooding into the US Air Force. In Sacramento, California, an egg-shaped object was reported and the engine of the witness' car shut down. An almost identical report came in from El Paso, Texas, with another car engine being disabled. A mass sighting took place in Orogrande, New Mexico, where between six and ten cars lost power after a "pearl-colored, egg-shaped object" passed over. One of the witnesses was a naval Chief Petty Officer with decades of experience. On the same night, November 4, three police officers and a fireman in Elmwood Park, Illinois, near Chicago saw a huge, 200-foot-long, glowing egg-shaped object that seemed to "play tag" with them for nearly an hour. Before dawn on November 5, an oval or egg-shaped object circled a Coast Guard Cutter off of New Orleans for at least half an hour. The ship picked the object up on its radar for 27 minutes in addition to visual sightings by the crew. Two military patrols reported sightings of egg-shaped objects over the Trinity nuclear detonation site. That sighting was picked up in the New York Times. 

The response from the Air Force and the offices of Project Blue Book was probably predictable for anyone who closely follows this topic these days. The final Blue Book file that eventually rounded up many of these sightings is massive, with more than eighty pages attached. But smaller files were also created for many of the individual reports generated by this flap. Those files are linked above and they are instructive in terms of how the Air Force attempted to explain these incidents away and how the witnesses were treated. Within two days of the initial events, the Air Force released another official report to the press saying that ten years of investigations of more than 5,700 reports had produced "no physical or material evidence that such things exist."

The sighting in Sacramento was written off as "mass hysteria" from the coverage of the Levelland event, with no explanation offered as to why the witness' car had died. The El Paso witness was written off as being "unreliable," despite working as a U.S. Border Patrol agent. For the mass sighting at Orogrande, Texas, the Navy veteran reporting it was similarly described as being a "suspect" and potentially unreliable witness. They blamed that one on a temperature inversion and claimed that his car had likely undergone an unremarkable, normal mechanical failure. No effort was made to explain how as many as nine other cars simultaneously experienced the same failure or how they all started again after the object departed.

The reports of the police officers in Illinois were initially dismissed as "optical phenomena." Other incidents were similarly waved away as wildlife. ATIC tried to blame this huge cluster of sightings on anything possible. They blamed planets, stars, erroneous data errors, balloons, and "unreliable witnesses." They blamed nearly everything but swamp gas... anything but a truly anomalous event. They even insulted the reputations of witnesses, including military members, police, and firemen. But in the end, they were forced to come up with a more cohesive explanation because there were simply too many sightings and too many witnesses. So, in the final Levelland report, they acknowledged that many of these people had probably seen "something." They then declared that after "detailed investigations," they had concluded that "the sighting was due to a very rare phenomenon, ball lightning."

Was that really the best they could come up with? Assuming you even believe that ball lightning is real (and that's certainly debatable), we are regularly assured that it's as scarce as hens' teeth. But suddenly the Air Force was suggesting that it's as common as falling autumn leaves after a huge UFO sighting flap that they were unable to simply explain away with the usual excuses. Blaming the media for covering the stories and causing "mass hysteria" obviously wasn't going to fly either. 

People were still contacting the Air Force about these events years later. In August of 1959, someone from CUFORO (the Civilian UFO Research Organization) contacted the Air Force asking about several of these sightings, as well as some others from early 1959. Major Lawrence Tacker wrote back to him, claiming to have never heard of one of the incidents and offering prosaic explanations for the others.

In June of 1965, Project Blue Book was still talking about this spate of reports. J. Allen Hynek wrote a four-page letter to Major Hector Quintanilla describing some of the events and struggling to come to some sort of conclusion. He concluded by recommending that all similar reports be collected and studied as a whole. Hynek asked that the case not be closed until he could locate and interview some of the witnesses more thoroughly. There is no record showing that he was ever able to do so and the file was eventually closed.

The majority of these reports all unfolded in less than two weeks. Then, they tapered off as suddenly as they began. A few others were reported from time to time, such as one from Baltimore, Maryland in October of 1958. But the appearances of the "egg-shaped UFOs" seemed to fade into memory. Not every object sighted was described exactly the same way, but many were too similar to ignore what appeared to be a pattern. Was it a case of a few craft rapidly zipping around and covering the entire country or had a fleet of them arrived all at once? Or is it possible that the use of the phrase was simply a fad describing something that we assigned a different name to later? We may never know, but for ufology fans, November of 1957 must have been a very exciting time to be alive.

 { https://mysteriousuniverse.org/}

06-03-2024 om 22:06 geschreven door peter  

More Evidence the Pentagon has Always Lied About UFOs

Back on October 3, 1958, the crew of a freight train traveling through Indiana had a remarkable experience in the middle of the night. Their train was buzzed and then pursued by four glowing, disc-shaped craft that flitted back and forth across the tracks at a low altitude in an encounter that lasted for more than an hour. Despite the impressive credentials of the witnesses, including one retired Air Force bomber pilot with extensive experience, the incident never wound up generating significant attention from the media. The event, hereafter referred to as the Indiana incident, is similarly rarely mentioned in documentaries that examine the history of the UFO phenomenon, which is surprising. But the response from the US Air Force when people eventually began requesting information from the offices of Project Blue Book may be even more shocking.

I will first note that I learned of this event while browsing through the Project Blue Book files entirely by accident. When the Blue Book files were originally collected at the National Archive, they were unfortunately assembled in a haphazard fashion. Among the more than 10,000 files are many that have pages completely unrelated to the event described on the file's record card stuffed into them. Such is the case with the Indiana incident, which is buried inside a file describing an unrelated sighting near Cameron, Arizona that took place during the same month. If you click through and review the file, you will see that it contains 18 pages. Only the first four relate to the event in Arizona, while three others deal with similarly unrelated reports from Oregon, Kentucky, and Illinois. But the rest tell the remarkable tale of the Indiana incident. A thorough search of the archives for a record card or other pages related to the Indiana incident produced no results, so either a record card was never created (unlikely), it was lost, or it was too damaged to be legible. No incident number was assigned, which is also not unusual with cases from the later stages of the project.

On the date in question, a freight train identified as Monon No. 91 was traveling from Monon, Indiana to Indianapolis. The crew consisted of three men in the engine and two in the caboose. In the cab were the train's engineer, Harry Eckman, the fireman, Cecil Bridge, and Morriss Ott, the brakeman. In the caboose were Paul Sosbey, the flagman, and Ed Robinson, the conductor. Cecil Bridge was a retired Air Force bomber pilot with more than 450 hours of flight experience. At roughly 2:00 am, the men in the engine cab observed four glowing lights in the sky well ahead of the train darting around in an erratic fashion. The crew had flashlights in the cab with them and they began flashing them at the objects. As if in response, the four objects immediately began moving toward the train.

The witnesses never described the craft as "flying saucers," but they did say that they were "large round things, circular shaped on the bottom." They estimated that the objects were "about forty feet in diameter and maybe ten feet thick." They glowed with a seemingly phosphorescent light that shifted in color from white to yellow to orange. Curiously, the men said that the light from the craft did not illuminate anything around them or below them. They were flying just above treetop level, so these were not simply "points of light in the sky."

The craft shot off to the east, returning to the tracks again before flying off rapidly to the west. They disappeared from sight again, only to show up behind the train, approaching the caboose. The conductor picked up what he described as a five-cell sealed beam flashlight that "throws a good beam a long way." He began shining the light on the objects that "dodged" out of the beam when it illuminated them, seeming to behave as if they were intelligently controlled and did not wish to be hit with the flashlight beam. This pattern continued for a time until the craft took off to the northeast and did not return.

Bridge and Robinson were interviewed for the newswires the next day, but after that, they were informed by Monon rail officials that they needed to "keep quiet" about it. This request apparently originated from the Bunker Hill Air Force Base near Kokomo, Indiana. They requested that any similar sightings in the future be reported directly to them and even set up a hotline for such reports to be called in. 

If the Air Force didn't want people talking about this event, it was too late. Word had gotten around and some people began to raise questions. Later that year, someone from Brooklyn, New York (whose name has been redacted) wrote a letter to the Air Force requesting information about the incident and the military's conclusions about it. The letter was forwarded to Blue Book. Not having received an answer, he sent a second letter in March of the following year. In that missive, he stated that he was sending copies of the letter to "certain members of Congress, including Senator Lyndon Johnson." (The same Lyndon Johnson who would later go on to be President.) 

The letter was fielded by Major Lawrence Tacker who was working on the program at the time. He sent a memo to his colleagues at ATIC simply asking. "Do you have this" with multiple question marks. Someone named Ted Hieatt responded, saying that they had "no report, either official or unofficial, of the incident in Indiana." Tacker dutifully wrote back to the original correspondent, simply stating, "The United States Air Force has no record of this sighting." But the Blue Book file tells a very different tale. The citizen requesting the information was given that answer despite the fact that Blue Book had already assembled numerous published reports of the sighting and had obviously discussed it. Also, the Bunker Hill Air Force Base command was clearly aware of the Indiana incident and had taken steps to monitor the situation. Stating that the Air Force "has no record" of the incident was clearly not accurate and it seems unlikely that such a breakdown in communications would happen by accident.

How much of this was going on during the later stages of the program before Project Blue Book was finally shut down in 1969? While the Indiana incident never seemed to garner major headlines in the mainstream press, the story did show up periodically, such as in this article from the Detroit Free Press in December of 1958. The nature of the events in Indiana should have made this incident of tremendous interest to the Blue Book investigators. Rather than someone catching a fleeting glimpse of a fireball in the sky, this event lasted for more than an hour and was reported by multiple credible witnesses. They were able to interact with the objects using flashlights and seemingly generated an intelligently controlled response. The objects were large and barely above the level of the surrounding trees. Short of photographs or video, what more could they ask for in an incident report? And yet they appeared to sweep it away into the dustbin of UFO history.

 { https://mysteriousuniverse.org/}

06-03-2024 om 21:57 geschreven door peter  

More worrying posts from Ryan Garcia's account are shared about 'demons' and 'UFOs', 'being heavily attacked' and saying 'before I go, I want to release everything' - as some fans claim boxer has been hacked

• Ryan Garcia's account shared another string of bizarre posts on Wednesday
• Fans have claimed the boxer has been hacked with posts quickly being deleted
• Concerns have been raised over Garcia's well-being amid the social media posts 

By MICHAEL PAVITT

Boxing star Ryan Garcia's account has shared another string of worrying social media posts amid growing concern for his wellbeing.

Previous posts from the 25-year-old's account appeared to allege that he was raped by a family member at the age of two, has photographic proof that aliens exist and that he was previously a witness to 'human trafficking'.

Garcia had sparked fears in the boxing community on Sunday when a video posted to his Instagram and X accounts - which showed a glimpse of an unidentifiable man in a house - claimed his 'throat had been slit' in the caption. The post also contained several satanic references.

One day later Garcia took to social media himself to explain the situation, suggesting his phone has been hacked and that he is being 'taken advantage of' while reassuring fans he is safe and well.

Garcia's account has since shared another series of bizarre posts on Wednesday to raise further concerns. Several of the posts have now been deleted from his account.

Boxing star Ryan Garcia's social media account has shared another string of worrying posts

The latest series of posts has come after concerns had been raised for Garcia's wellbeing

Posts from Garcia's account included references to 'demons' and 'UFOs', before claiming he is 'being heavily attacked' and saying 'before I go, I want to release everything'.

The first post of the tirade read: 'ATTENTION TO THOSE WHO SOLD THERE SOUL THERE IS A WAY BACK. YOU CANT SELL YOUR SOUL. YOUR SOUL BELONGS TO GOD. SO WASNT YOURS TO SELL ANYWAY. YOU DIDNT READ THE CONTRACT JUST SIGNED PROBABLY DIDNT CARE. 

'3am Even in Dark I light it up. You see everything coming out now.'

'The files of UFO’s are coming out for a reason,' Garcia continued.

'THEY ARE SLOWLY RELEASING IT SO YOJ ARE BRAI WASHED AND ACCUSTOM OF ALIENS SO WHEN THE RAPTURE HAPPENS THEY BLAME IT ON ALINES AND EVERYONE ON EARTH IS STILL CONFUSED.'

Garcia's account also claimed he was being 'heavily attacked', before adding 'Spiritually I’m in a battle and I’m winning'.

Fans of the boxer have claimed the 25-year-old's account has been hacked amid the latest string of bizarre posts.

The now deleted posts included references to demons and him being 'heavily attacked'

Garcia is scheduled to face WBC super-lightweight champion Devin Haney on April 20.

The boxing community has been left concerned by his recent antics, leading to calls for his upcoming bout.

KSI, the YouTuber-turned-boxer, claimed on social media that next month's fight with Haney should be called off to get Garcia help.

Haney, howver, has been adamant that their world-title contest is very much still on and has accused Garcia of 'playing crazy' to promote their fight.

In a now-deleted post on X, the two-weight king wrote about one of Garcia's recent outbursts: 'The fight is happening April 20th.. he’s just playing crazy to “sell it” which is weird because it’s people who are actually crazy out there but he’s just acting for attention'.

There is no love lost between the pair, who are set to collide in the ring for a seventh time next month after six amateur meetings, with the scores level at three apiece.

Henry Garcia, the 24-1 fighter's dad, provided an update on Sunday saying that while his son was just trolling followers, there were larger issues at play. 

His ex-wife, Andrea Celina, also claimed he 'may seem fine but he is not' amid concerns for his safety, while suggesting he is being 'heavily oppressed'. 

The 25-year-old broke his silence on Monday after a disturbing video on his account claimed he was dead after having his 'throat slit' 

He then alleged that he was raped as a child in another worrying outburst on Tuesday 

Haney has accused his bitter rival of simply 'playing crazy' to promote their upcoming contest

Garcia and Celina, who have two children together, announced their divorce in January just days after the birth of their second child.

British promoter Eddie Hearn also admitted he is worried about Garcia's 'erratic' behaviour after his controversial antics at a press conference for his fight with Haney last week.

Garcia's social media account had seen an astonishing tirade on Tuesday, including posts alleging that he was raped as a child and that he has witnessed 'human trafficking'. 

After posting about setting up a live drug tests to prove his wellbeing and making more satanic refences, Garcia wrote: 'I’ve been *grapes [raped] at 2 years old how would you act,' before continuing, 'by a family member. How would that feel to you how would you act'.

He added: 'I’ve seen the worst s**t in my life. I’m tired of being quiet'.

When another user quoted his post with laughing emojis, Garcia replied: 'It’s funny to people. I was raped as a two year old and I have proof and they laugh wtf is wrong with people.'

The account then appeared to suggest he has witnessed human trafficking in another string of cryptic yet concerning posts.

Garcia sparked fears when a video claiming his throat had been slit was posted online 

That video was followed up with an astonishing tirade on his X account 24 hours later

A post read: 'What would you do if they held you down and made you watch yeah I’m losing it. The s**t I’ve seen I’m f****ng HURTING for the kids. 

'Human trafficking is the biggest trade in the world. And I’m hurting for them and I’m the crazy one. No one is doing anything.'

'They held me down and made me watch of course I’ve lost it a little. They really begged me to join and I said F**K YOU'.

'Are you guys the crazy ones!!! Cause I’m not lying they are hurting kids!!! And everyone is standing back telling me to shut up I DONT CARE ANYMORE. I’ll die for innocent souls taken if you aren’t on my side you are on the devils side.'

• For confidential support, call Samaritans on 116 123, visit samaritans.org or visit https://www.thecalmzone.net/get-support 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

06-03-2024 om 21:47 geschreven door peter  

We Need to Investigate UFOs. But Without the Distraction of Conspiracy Theories

BY SEAN KIRKPATRICK

 Credit: Moor Studio/Getty Images

Little else titillates and piques the national interest like unidentified flying objects and space aliens. After more than a century of films featuring intelligent creatures from other worlds, and over seven decades after the U.S. government began investigating them, UFOs remain a flashpoint for conspiracy theorists and science deniers. By any name, UFOs or unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP) conjure the most vivid images and plots allowed by Hollywood and novels alike. Who doesn’t want to believe?

However, reality, as inconvenient as it can be, remains fundamental. In 2022 Congress found the courage to put into law the creation of the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), jointly managed by the Department of Defense and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Its mission is quite straightforward. Apply an unbiased scientific method and intelligence tradecraft to review existing information and data on historical UAP and investigate new data as these are provided to the office from military, federal, state and local entities as well as private citizens.

AARO’s underlying raison d’être is to investigate, evaluate, analyze and provide actionable information for use by our national security leadership. Its purpose is not to prove or disprove the existence of extraterrestrial life, but to address the safety and security of our people, our operations and our nation.

Unfortunately, it is also meant to investigate a conspiracy saturated with the distrust between our legislative and executive branches. It is time for the American people to understand that, and for the DoD, ODNI and Congress to step up to the plate and enable AARO to finish its mission absent this distraction.

AARO’s interest—all-domain phenomena (sea, air and space)—remains an ongoing concern to our national security enterprise, particularly when the phenomena are observed near our nation’s sensitive military and critical infrastructure facilities. Observations by experienced military personnel as well as data from highly capable sensors are being reviewed by AARO, accordingly, to weed out explainable observations and expose truly difficult-to-explain phenomenology using the most rigorous scientific analysis available. This is its real job: to minimize the risk of intelligence and technical surprise.

Many outside observers nonetheless have criticized AARO as supposedly part of a continuing government cover-up of the existence of aliens. Interestingly, they have not provided any verifiable evidence of this, nor are some of the more outspoken willing to engage with the office to discuss their positions or offer up the data and evidence they claim to possess. Too often these critics and their supporters rely on secondhand “friend of a cousin” reporting with no personal firsthand knowledge or rigor in their critical thinking. Some claim that those with firsthand knowledge of this supposed cover-up have relayed it to AARO, but no source in my tenure as director of the office had firsthand knowledge of anything to do with an alleged reverse-engineering program of extraterrestrial spacecraft. While those who came forward have provided valuable information (albeit not of extraterrestrials or cover-ups), those who chose to instead titillate the national interest only stir division and hatred against the credible men and women of AARO who are working faithfully to address this mission. The AARO continues to offer anyone an opportunity to provide their personal knowledge of an alleged program involving extraterrestrials for the record in a safe and nonadversarial environment. It remains perplexing that some critics are hiding behind their own cloak of secrecy and legal maneuvering, refusing to engage with the AARO when the office has been given full authority by Congress, DoD, ODNI and others in the interagency process to review all information regardless of its classification while legally protecting those who provide it.

If people claim to have evidence involving aliens, they need to come forward to AARO to enable the office to investigate it. Otherwise, hearsay in a scientific and fact-based investigation serves only as a distraction.

There also is the possibility that some observed and reported phenomena are associated with past or ongoing national security programs completely unrelated to extraterrestrials. Unfortunately, some who have been peripherally involved in these programs are taking advantage of the lack of understanding of security compartmentalization among the public—and some members of Congress—and feel that exposure of national security activities is a public right.

The harm of such exposure would be incalculable: billions of dollars and decades invested in military capabilities exposed to our potential adversaries to satisfy ill-informed curiosity. While some staffers and members of Congress may claim that they and the American people have a right to know of every classified research program, Congress already has an established process for notification of sensitive programs to the bipartisan leadership of both the Senate and House as well as the chairs and ranking minority members of the Senate and House intelligence committees, often referred to as the Gang of Eight. It is incumbent on both the speaker of the House, the Senate majority leader and both chairs of the intelligence committees to ensure that there is no risk of exposing any national security programs in a rush to find extraterrestrials, and that documents are reviewed within appropriate channels. If these members of Congress deem it appropriate not to share classified information, they are doing their job. These are not town hall topics.

Lost in the hyperbole about a government conspiracy to hide the existence of alien spacecraft and physical remains is the real potential that the unexplained phenomena represent a dangerous technological leap by our peer competitors, China and Russia (it could be weapons testing, spying or just technology testing). Such a leap would present a national security crisis. As mandated by Congress, DoD and ODNI must fully engage with and support AARO to ensure that it is receiving the resources and government-wide collaboration required. Likewise, critics of AARO must step up and become part of the solution by collaborating and providing the full disclosure of any and all information they hold.

{ https://www.scientificamerican.com/ }

06-03-2024 om 21:28 geschreven door peter