Alien structures on Mars in infrared, you will never be the same, UFO Sighting News.

 

Date of discovery: April 26, 2024

Location of discovery: Mars infrared map

Source: 

• http://google.com/mars/

Now this is kinda cool, if you like learning about aliens in our solar system. I found some structures...and one is in the shape of the aliens who made it. Just mind blowing stuff that really is meant to teach us about them. I'm not sure why or how people can deny such evidence from existing, perhaps they are too lazy to do the research, or perhaps they are too afraid of how it would challenge every aspect of their life if they found out the truth. Aliens exist, let me show you that in this video, but don't just watch, think about it, thing about all the possibilities before you jump to a conclusion. 

Scott C. Waring

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

30-04-2024 om 22:06 geschreven door peter  

Ancient aliens left evidence for us in Arches National Park, Utah, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: April 28, 2024

Location of discovery: Arches National Park, Utah, USA

 

I took my family to see Arches yesterday and it was a mind-blowing experience. Sure there were many arches...we saw over 20 but there are over 2,000 in the park they say. But it wasn't the arches that got my attention, but the faces that were in the mountains everywhere around us. This is just one of dozens of giant faces I found and it's just so obvious that ancient aliens were here millions of years ago, when they left such important evidence behind for us to find. 

Scott C. Waring 

 { https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

30-04-2024 om 21:59 geschreven door peter  

In 1665, Many Said They Saw a UFO Battle and Fell Sick Afterward

By Tara MacIsaac, Epoch Times

On April 8, 1665, around 2 p.m., fishermen anchored near Barhöfft (then in Sweden, now in Germany) reported seeing ships in the sky battling each other. After the battle, a dark object hovered in the sky.

“After a while out of the sky came a flat round form, like a plate, looking like the big hat of a man… Its color was that of the darkening moon, and it hovered right over the Church of St. Nicolai. There it remained stationary until the evening. The fishermen, worried to death, didn’t want to look further at the spectacle and buried their faces in their hands. On the following days, they fell sick with trembling all over and pain in head and limbs. Many scholarly people thought a lot about that,” wrote Erasmus Francisci in “Der wunder-reiche Ueberzug unserer Nider-Welt/Oder Erd-umgebende” in 1689. Francisci had gathered news reports from 1665 related to the event. The “scholarly people” who considered the event and the illness could not discern the causes. 

In the June 2015 edition of EdgeScience magazine, Chris Aubeck and Martin Shough detail their investigation of the event. Aubeck is the founder of the historical research group Magonia Exchange, an international archival project, and a prolific writer on the subject of UFOs as cultural history. Shough is a research associate for the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP). 

Aubeck and Shough looked at various possible explanations for the phenomenon. They ruled out certain celestial phenomena. The angle of the sun described in accounts would preclude an ice halo, for example. 

Could It Have Been a Mirage?

A Fata Morgana is a kind of mirage that appears just above the horizon when the right mix of thermal layers is present in the air. The mirage shifts frequently and can sometimes make it look like there are ships in the sky just above the horizon. The 1665 event was described as occurring higher in the sky than a Fata Morgana would appear. A mirage also would not explain the plate- or hat-shaped object that was said to remain into the evening, as Fata Morgana do not remain stable for so long.

A Fata Morgana along the Santa Cruz, Calif., shoreline as seen from Moss Landing on May 7, 2007.

(Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons)

A Fata Morgana off the east coast of Australia that makes it appear as though a ship is floating above the horizon, on Aug. 26, 2012.

(Timpaananen/Wikimedia Commons)

Could It Have Been a Flock of Birds?

The “battle” seems to have started with the appearance of a flock of birds. Aubeck and Shough summarize the accounts: “A large flock of birds appeared in the heavens. After moving in unison for a time they formed a shape ‘like a long passage in a house.’ This became a warship that seemed to approach from the north, followed by countless other vessels. Then another group of large ships came from the south, heading northeast. Fire and smoke ensued as the two main ships sent cannonballs whizzing at each other, terrifying the fishermen down below. The ship from the north then retreated, came back, and headed south. Two other fleets appeared from the west and the east, with smaller ships. When the smoke cleared, the fishermen could make out the broken masts of the southern fleet, and a man dressed in brown clothes, a hat beneath one arm and his left hand by his side, watching the crew working and running.”

An unusually large flock of starlings may have resembled such a scene, Aubeck and Shough said. Flocks sometimes merge together in startlingly well-defined masses that move in patterns before settling down. Perhaps in the spring of 1665 more starlings than usual were pushed by uncommon weather to move west of the Baltic to their summer breeding grounds?

A murmuration of starlings.

(Walter Baxter/Wikimedia Commons)

A flock would still not account for the dark object that stayed in the sky until night-fall. Is it possible two unusual phenomena occurred at once, one producing the scene of the battle and another producing the mysterious, hovering object in the sky? 

Aubeck and Shough say it is “a remarkable case and—true or not—ought to be considered among the first alleged ‘flying saucer’ sightings in history.”

VIDEOS

• https://youtu.be/aEVOgXIqk_A
• https://youtu.be/r8v6zRuSFpg
• https://youtu.be/AXAO7pmQAKA
• Featured image: Right: A 1680 engraving accompanying a description by Erasmus Francisci of a battle between ships in the sky said to take place in 1665. Background: Text and an image from "An Illustrated Description of the Miraculous Stralsund Air-wars and Ship-battles), 1665.
• The article ‘In 1665, Many Said They Saw a UFO Battle and Fell Sick Afterward’ was originally published on The Epoch Times and has been republished with permission.

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

30-04-2024 om 20:46 geschreven door peter  

Unraveling the Enigma of the 1668 Swedish Fishermen UFO Encounter

In the annals of unexplained phenomena, the 1668 Swedish Fishermen UFO Battle stands as a testament to the enduring allure of the mysterious. This event, occurring 355 years ago, remains one of the earliest and most captivating accounts of UFO sightings, predating modern UFO lore by centuries. It’s a tale that intertwines history, the supernatural, and the unceasing human quest for understanding the unknown.

The Historical Account

In 1668, off the coast of Sweden, a group of fishermen witnessed an extraordinary spectacle: a luminous aerial battle. According to a letter penned by Pastor Erik Ludvigsson, a bright light in the sky split into two, heralding the start of an intense skirmish. The fishermen described seeing explosions, beams of light, and several smaller objects that accompanied the larger combatants. This event reportedly lasted several hours, leaving a lasting impression on the witnesses and, eventually, on history.

Unpacking the Mystery

The description provided by the fishermen and recorded by Pastor Ludvigsson raises several questions. Was this a case of misinterpreted natural phenomena, a military exercise misunderstood by the observers, or something far beyond the scientific understanding of the 17th century?

Natural Phenomena or Otherworldly Encounter?

Experts have speculated on various explanations, ranging from natural astronomical events like auroras or comets to more speculative theories involving military exercises or even extraterrestrial intervention. However, the detailed account, characterized by “objects engaging in battle,” challenges these conventional explanations. The lack of technological capabilities in the 17th century further complicates the notion of a military exercise, while the detailed and earnest account provided by the fishermen and the pastor undermines the idea of a hoax.

The Extraterrestrial Hypothesis

Among the various theories, the extraterrestrial explanation remains the most intriguing, despite the absence of concrete evidence. The detailed observations, the number of witnesses, and the narrative’s persistence over centuries lend a certain credence to this possibility, captivating the imagination of UFO enthusiasts and scholars alike.

The Enduring Legacy of the Swedish Fishermen UFO Battle

The Swedish Fishermen UFO Battle not only provides a fascinating glimpse into early UFO sightings but also reflects the human penchant for wonder and the quest to make sense of the incomprehensible. This historical account, while remaining an unresolved mystery, underscores the importance of approaching unexplained phenomena with an open mind, balanced with a critical eye toward the limitations and perspectives of historical contexts.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

30-04-2024 om 20:32 geschreven door peter  

US Military Recovered UFO That ‘Distorted Space-Time’ & Craft Able To ‘Alter Our Reality’ As Mentioned In Bizarre Navy Docs

“Our understanding of reality is not complete, by far,” says Stanford University physicist Andrei Linde. “Reality exists independently of us.” If they exist, those universes are separated from ours, unreachable and undetectable by any direct measurement (at least so far). And that makes some experts question whether the search for a multiverse can ever be truly scientific.

In the realm of science, our quest for understanding alternate or higher dimensions remains ongoing. However, within the field of UFOlogy, intriguing cases have emerged suggesting the existence of not just other dimensions, but also the presence of entities residing within them. These beings seem to possess the ability to manipulate a bridge connecting their realm to ours, enabling them to embark on regular visits to our world.

Crashed UFO that ‘distorted space and time’

A very strange UFO case has been shared by American attorney Daniel Sheehan with Daily Mail. Sheehan involved in bringing UFO whistleblowers to Congress, claimed that a whistleblower told him a mind-boggling tale about a recovered crashed UFO. He revealed that a crashed UFO recovered by the US military had distorted space-time and was “bigger on the inside.” The whistleblower has reportedly briefed Senate Intelligence Committee staff on the matter.

According to Sheehan, one of the alleged recoveries described by the insider involved a 30-foot saucer partially embedded in the earth. When attempts were made to remove it using a bulldozer, the craft exhibited unusual behavior. As it was being pulled out, it seemingly detached in a pie slice-shaped section, suggesting that it was constructed in a unique way.

The anonymous whistleblower then entered the craft and was astonished to find that the interior was as large as a football stadium, while the exterior was only about 30 feet in diameter. The experience inside caused disorientation and nausea due to the vast size discrepancy. Furthermore, upon exiting the craft in a few minutes, the whistleblower found that four hours had passed outside, indicating time distortion as well.

Sheehan mentions that the craft’s distortion of space and time is consistent with the theories proposed by physicists regarding advanced propulsion systems. These theories suggest that warping space-time could be used to counteract the effects of gravity and achieve advanced forms of propulsion. However, Sheehan does not provide further specific details, such as the location or date of the incident, and admits to being unable to provide concrete evidence to support these claims.

Read also:

• Man Worked In Antarctica Saw Powerful Machines To Contact Alien Crafts In Deep Space
• Las Vegas UFO Crash Is Real, Claims Man Worked For NYPD: 10-Foot Alien Terrified Witness
• Ex-CIA Officer Encountered With Reptilian Alien; Says Reptilian Race Walking Among Us
• Whitley Strieber’s Alien Abduction & Stranger Who Told Him ‘Mankind Is Trapped

Moreover, on Jesse Michels’ show, astronomer and UFO researcher Jacques Vallee discussed another UFO case that includes experiencing another dimension by the witness. Valle said: “There was one case in San Jose. A woman had seen something over her house. It was a big disc, and I say, ‘How big was it?’ And she says, ‘Well, it was about the same size as her house. It was, you know, just like that.’ Then I say, ‘Well, when you went inside, you said, uh, you know, there was this being, and the being took you on a staircase.’ I say, ‘Where did the staircase go?’ Well, the staircase went up the side of this big round room. I say, ‘How would you compare it?’ Well, like a movie house, you know, like an M5 theater. I said, ‘That’s bigger than your house.’”

Luis Elizondo, the man who managed the UFO program inside the Pentagon, explains how space-time distortion works and hints that we can manipulate this physics for technological advancement. In an interview with George Knapp in 2018, Elizondo explains:

“Space-time is something we observe in the natural world all the time, especially in relation to gravity and GPS satellites. The clocks on these satellites need constant calibration. Even though the clocks on the satellites are identical to the ones on the ground station, they still require regular calibration. The reason for this is the effect of Earth’s gravity on space-time. The clocks on Earth run slightly slower compared to the clocks on the platforms above Earth.

How is this possible if the clocks are the same? Well, it’s because the closer you are to a massive object, like Earth, the more space-time warps. This phenomenon is explained by the theory of general relativity, which boils down to using the equation E=mc². Essentially, it means that a significant amount of mass or energy warps space-time. When you approach a supermassive object like the sun, the distortion becomes even greater. In fact, near a black hole, time becomes so distorted that it virtually stops.

We have observed this phenomenon through gravitational lensing when studying distant galaxies. We can actually see the effects of gravity on space-time with our own eyes, so it’s a scientific fact, not fiction. The question now is how we can manipulate this physics for technological advancement. Potentially, we could warp space-time in a way that allows us to travel from point A to point B more quickly.”

Is it possible that an advanced extraterrestrial civilization has already accomplished this kind of technology and has been using it to visit our world? Or perhaps we already have such technology?

In 2021, leaked documents revealed that the US Navy had conducted experiments on various far-fetched technologies, including a “space modification weapon.” These documents, disclosed by The War Zone, detailed the research carried out by the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) between 2017 and 2019. The most interesting thing is that the technology written in those documents discusses propulsion system that defies gravity, or to devastating weapons that bends the laws of physics and craft that alters the fabric of time and space.

The man behind all the patents is Dr. Salvatore Cezar Pais, who is an aerospace engineer at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD). He has four patents registered in his name that contain the source of technology that would change the world. In these patents, a “Spacetime Modification Weapon” (SMW, a weapon that can make the Hydrogen bomb seem more like a firecracker, in comparison) is mentioned.

Are these patents a cover for the reverse-engineered extraterrestrial technology? The Navy’s objective in testing this conceptual system was to keep pace with similar programs being developed in China. The researchers believed that the space modification weapon could revolutionize power and propulsion systems. The technology was based on the “Pais effect” aimed to push the boundaries of science.

Pais made ambitious claims about the potential of this technology, suggesting that it could lead to a propulsion system defying gravity or devastating weapons that bend the laws of physics. He even outlined plans for a “hybrid aerospace-underwater craft” capable of altering the fabric of time and space.

The Navy’s aerospace research enterprise supported Pais’s patents, stating that they filed them to keep up with similar technological advancements being pursued by the Chinese military. The “space modification weapon” described in the documents was envisioned to release extremely high energy levels, surpassing the destructive power of a Hydrogen bomb.

However, the experiments conducted between 2017 and 2019 were inconclusive. The elusive Pais effect was neither observed nor disproven during this period. The Pais effect refers to a theoretical physics concept that involves the controlled movement of highly electrically charged matter. If proven possible, it could enable the creation of powerful energy fields capable of fundamentally engineering the fabric of reality.

It is unclear whether the US Navy is continuing its experiments on the Pais effect or if the project has been discontinued entirely. None of the futuristic technologies described in the leaked UFO patents were developed, leaving the ultimate fate of the space modification weapon and related concepts uncertain.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

30-04-2024 om 01:31 geschreven door peter  

David Grusch Reveals Disturbing UFO Secrets to Tucker Carlson: Claims of Death & Physical Harm in Cover-Up

David Grusch, a key figure in the UFO mystery, has participated in consecutive interviews with mainstream media regarding the concealment of UFO information. Grusch has gained prominence following the July 2023 US Congress UAP hearings, thanks to his compelling and assertive testimony about non-human intelligence. He is consistently claiming we have alien crafts in double digits and also possess non-human biologics which implies Earth is in contact with or aware of species from other planets.

With each passing day, David Grusch is making efforts to reach a larger audience and share his story. This drew him to former Fox News host Tucker Carlson, a prominent figure in American media. Carlson, with over 10.9 million followers on Elon Musk’s X (formerly named Twitter), did a bombshell interview with Grusch published on December 14, 2023.

On X, Tucker Carlson posted this 66-minute interview with Grusch with the caption: “It’s becoming obvious that the US government has made contact with nonhuman beings.”

Grusch told Tucker that the U.S. government has retrieved “biologics” (bodies) from crashed UFO sites. When asked about the nature of these biologics, Grusch states that they are “non-human.” He emphasizes that this assessment comes from individuals with direct knowledge who are still part of the program. Grusch also mentions the existence of documentary evidence but suggests that details would need to be discussed in a secure location called a SCIF (Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility).

Tucker expresses surprise at Grusch’s sudden public involvement in the UFO topic, given his extensive background in military intelligence. Grusch recounts how he first became interested in the topic after seeing a New York Times article in 2017 about Lou Elizondo and programs like AATIP and AWASAP. Tucker notes that the government never confirmed or denied Elizondo’s involvement, to which Grusch clarified that he knew about Elizondo’s role. He recalls hearing that Elizondo was considered somewhat erratic by some officials. Grusch’s curiosity deepened when he saw news reports about Elizondo’s involvement in a UFO program, leading him to realize that the program was indeed real.

Grusch explains that it was a unique experience during his time in UAP task force because he started uncovering disturbing facts. He had access to classified archives from previous UFO programs and came across foreign intelligence gathered by clandestine human sources overseas. These sources, according to him, noted that the U.S. had a retrieval and reverse engineering program for UFOs. Notably, these assessments were from other countries.

Tucker questions Grusch about how the Pentagon, an entity that serves elected officials, could deny an elected official access to information. He emphasizes that the Pentagon works for politicians who are accountable to the people and compares Pentagon employees to household staff, highlighting that they’re not an independent entity.

Grsuch acknowledged the issue and pointed out that this is one of the reasons he decided to blow the whistle. He explains that even in the normal black Special Access Program (SAP) community, elected leaders are treated as second-class citizens. He mentions instances where reporting is waived, and Deputy Secretaries of Defense (Dep SecDef) can sign orders limiting briefings to certain committees.

“I can sign an order saying we’re not going to fully brief certain committees on, you see, on programs that are in Public Law 10 US Code Section 119, and that is congressional oversight of SAPS, is the title of that part of Public Law. But the department, which I find in retrospect, very weird, where the legislators authorize and appropriate these programs, but they’re not afforded full access. And occasionally the Gang of Eight will get those kinds of briefings. But literally, they could withhold, besides notifying a program that stood up the entire Congress, that we’re doing some kind of clandestine activity.”

Grsuch mentioned there are approximately 40 people, many with firsthand knowledge, some at the same level as Harry Reid. He explains that after realizing the reality of the situation, he and his team conducted interviews with individuals who had privileged information, even comparable to a high-ranking figure like Harry Reid.

Grsuch recounts a conversation with Harry Reid, where the former senator expressed deep concern about the topic. Reid, then planning to discuss it with President Biden, highlighted the challenges even someone of his stature faced in accessing information. David Grusch emphasizes that past administrations had varying levels of knowledge about these programs, and even presidents were not always briefed on all aspects.

When Tucker specifically asks about any connection between the secrecy surrounding the Manhattan Project (which developed nuclear weapons) and UFO programs, Grusch clarifies that there isn’t an overt connection. However, he speculates that the development of nuclear weapons might have sparked interest in unidentified objects.

David Grusch mentions that he can’t discuss many retrievals, and the only one he has publicly mentioned is the 1933 Italian event. He chose this event to highlight that the UFO phenomenon is not exclusive to the United States but is a worldwide issue.

Grusch explains that the Italian event involved the recovery of an object that looked like an acorn in Magenta, Italy, by the Axis powers (Italy and Germany) in 1933. He notes that information about this event surfaced in the early 2000s through Italian researchers who uncovered documents sent by Mussolini to the Gestapo.

According to a senior intelligence officer who briefed him, the recovered object resembled a lenticular disc, but the edges broke off when it hit the Earth, giving it an acorn or bell shape. The Italians kept custody of the artifact until the end of the war, and then the Americans recovered it. He adds that the Vatican and the OSS (Office of Strategic Services) communicated with FDR about the crash. Grusch said the 1933 Italian event is the only one he has cleared through DoD security.

Read also:

• This Woman Saw a UFO Landing & Three Aliens Abducted Calvin Parker & Charles Hickson
• Ex-US Navy Officer Saw ‘Non-human Entities’ In His Bedroom After ‘Gimbal UFO’ Encounter

Tucker questions Grusch about the timeline of the U.S. government’s knowledge of UFOs, pointing out that David mentioned the government didn’t take custody until the end of the war. David clarifies that this statement specifically refers to a particular case, but the government was aware of the UFO issue in the 1930s.

Tucker then raises a common question: Why do advanced technologies like UFOs crash so often? Grusch suggests that crashes may not necessarily be intentional. He introduces the concept of von Neumann replicating probes, where advanced civilizations might send throwaway probes that could crash accidentally. Grusch emphasizes that this is not just his theory but something discussed by scientists involved in the program.

Tucker follows up by questioning whether these objects truly come from a far distance. Grusch admits the uncertainty, highlighting that even certain directors of government agencies prefer using the term “extraterrestrial.” However, he leans towards the term NHI, meaning non-human intelligence. He notes that this term is also used in the Schumer amendment called the UAP Disclosure Act of 2023. The act is part of the fiscal year 2024 National Defense Authorization Act and is currently in conference. He underscores that he’s not the only one using terms like “non-human intelligence biologics” and points out that influential figures like Chuck Schumer are pushing for transparency in the matter.

Tucker questions why there is so much secrecy, and David suggests that excessive secrecy hinders national security. He draws a parallel with nuclear physics, explaining that while details about building nuclear weapons are classified, the broader study of nuclear physics is open to the public. David advocates for a similar approach to UFOs, where the subject should be “horizontally protected,” allowing broad academic study and public access to information, with only genuinely dangerous or classified aspects kept confidential. This way, he believes 95% of the subject could be open for study worldwide.

Tucker asks David about the truth behind these abduction claims. David responds by saying that he doesn’t have any first-hand knowledge on the phenomenon of abduction. He notes that, during his interviews, none of the individuals he spoke with had direct experience or knowledge about abductions.

“I don’t know. Nobody I interviewed had any firsthand knowledge of that phenomenon. I certainly believe people have experienced things like that. At least they believe it, because you look at Dr. John Mack, who was a Harvard-trained psychologist and psychiatrist. He examined the phenomenon of abduction in the early 2000s before his death and affirmed that the people he psychoanalyzed certainly experienced something real to them. But what is the abduction phenomenon? I really don’t know. I’m not sure.”

David Grusch tells Tucker Carlson about Rep. Mike Turner’s efforts to block the UAP Disclosure Act and destroy Tim Burchett’s career “Mike Rogers & Mike Turner, two of the dumbest people in Washington. Pure tools of the national security state.” Additionally on Newnation, he said, “Mike Turner probably has no business being the (House Intelligence Committee) Chairman… Mike Turner has never been an intelligence officer. He’s never served in the military.” “We need to get these people out of office.”

Physical Harm

Tucker raises a sensitive issue about the potential harm or killing of individuals connected to the U.S. government’s UFO programs. He specifically asks Grusch if he has reason to believe that the government has hurt or killed anyone, particularly American citizens, in connection to these programs.

Grusch responds by acknowledging concerns that were raised by individuals who approached him, expressing worries about potential harm. He emphasizes that he took these concerns seriously and reported them to the Inspe

Tucker pushes further, specifically mentioning the allegation of murder, to which Grusch confirms that the concerns included both murder and physical harm. However, he refrains from providing specific details due to the ongoing investigation and potential risks to his safety.

Grusch discloses that he felt his life was in jeopardy, and he reported the threats and surveillance to a counterintelligence element and law enforcement. He reveals that these threats not only affected him but also impacted his wife. He states that he doesn’t know the identity of those involved, ruling out the possibility of it being a foreign entity.

Previously on the Joe Rogan Experience, Grusch talked about the fundamental questions related to UFOs, such as the existence of extraterrestrial life and the nature of human consciousness. Grusch asserted with confidence, based on conversations with high-level individuals like Harry Reid, that we are not alone, and the UFO phenomenon is real.

“You know for humanity. Are we alone or you know what happens when we die? Well, I don’t know about that, but are we alone? Well, the answer is we’re not alone. And I know that with 100% certainty, which as an Intel officer, you never say 100%, but all things pointed towards based on the people I talked to…The phenomenon is real. It’s been going on for thousands of years. People have been seeing strange things and not everybody’s mass hallucinating. So that’s kind of my long diatribe about what’s happening.”

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

30-04-2024 om 01:13 geschreven door peter  

Inside the Quest to Confirm A Strange 60-Year-Old Theory About Stonehenge

Archaeological evidence suggests Stonehenge also aligns with moonrise and moonset.

BY THE CONVERSATION, ERICA ELLINGSON, AMANDA CHADBURNANDFABIO SILVA

 

Chris Clor/Tetra images/Getty Images

When it comes to its connection to the sky, Stonehenge is best known for its solar alignments. Every midsummer night, tens of thousands of people gather at Stonehenge to celebrate and witness the rising sun in alignment with the Heel stone standing outside of the circle. Six months later, a smaller crowd congregates around the Heel stone to witness the midwinter Sun setting within the stone circle.

However, a hypothesis has been around for 60 years that part of Stonehenge also aligns with moonrise and moonset at what is called a major lunar standstill. Although a correlation between the layout of certain stones and the major lunar standstill has been known about for several decades, no one has systematically observed and recorded the phenomenon at Stonehenge.

This is what we are aiming to do in a project bringing together archaeologists, astronomers, and photographers from English Heritage, Oxford, Leicester, and Bournemouth universities, as well as the Royal Astronomical Society.

There is now an abundance of archaeological evidence that indicates the solar alignment was part of the architectural design of Stonehenge. Around 2500 BC, the people who put up large stones and dug an avenue into the chalk seemed to want to cement the solstice axis into the architecture of Stonehenge.

Archaeological evidence from nearby Durrington Walls, the place where scientists believe the ancient people who visited Stonehenge stayed, indicates that of the two solstices, it was the midwinter one that drew the largest crowd.

But Stonehenge includes other elements, such as 56 pits arranged in a circle, an earthwork bank and ditch, and other smaller features, such as the four station stones. These are four sarsen stones, a form of silicified sandstone common in Wiltshire, that were carefully placed to form an almost exact rectangle encompassing the stone circle.

Only two of these stones are still there, and they pale in comparison to their larger counterparts, as they are only a few feet high. So, what could their purpose be?

LUNAR STANDSTILL

The rectangle that they form is not just any rectangle. The shorter sides are parallel to the main axis of the stone circle, and this may be a clue as to their purpose. The longer sides of the rectangle skirt the outside of the stone circle.

It is these longer sides that are thought to align with the major lunar standstill. If you marked the position of moonrise (or set) over the course of a month, you would see that it moves between two points on the horizon. These southern and northern limits of moonrise (or set) change on a cycle of 18.6 years between a minimum and a maximum range – the so-called minor and major lunar standstills, respectively.

The major lunar standstill is a period of about one and a half to two years when the northernmost and southernmost moonrises (or sets) are furthest apart. When this happens, the Moon rises (and sets) outside the range of sunrises and sets, which may have imbued this celestial phenomenon with meaning and significance.

The strongest evidence we have for people marking the major lunar standstill comes from the US southwest. The Great House of Chimney Rock is a multi-level complex built by the ancestral Pueblo people in the San Juan National Forest, Colorado, more than 1,000 years ago.

It lies on a ridge that ends at a natural formation of twin rock pillars – an area that has cultural significance to more than 26 native American tribal nations. From the vantage point of the Great House, the Sun will never rise in the gap between the pillars.

However, during a major standstill the Moon does rise between them in awe-inspiring fashion. Excavations unearthed preserved wood that meant researchers could date to the year episodes of construction of the Great House.

Of six cutting dates, four correspond to major lunar standstill years between the years AD1018 and AD1093, indicating that the site was renewed, maintained, or expanded on consecutive major standstills.

Returning to southern England, archaeologists think there is a connection between the major lunar standstill and the earliest construction phase of Stonehenge (3000-2500 BC), before the sarsen stones were brought in.

Several sets of cremated human remains from this phase of construction were found in the southeastern part of the monument in the general direction of the southernmost major standstill moonrise, where three timber posts were also set into the bank. It is possible that there was an early connection between the site of Stonehenge and the Moon, which was later emphasized when the station stone rectangle was built.

The major lunar standstill hypothesis, however, raises more questions than it answers. We don’t know if the lunar alignments of the station stones were symbolic or whether people were meant to observe the Moon through them. Neither do we know which phases of the Moon would be more dramatic to witness.

A SEARCH FOR ANSWERS

In our upcoming work, we will be trying to answer the questions the major lunar standstill hypothesis raises. It’s unclear whether the Moon would have been strong enough to cast shadows and how they would have interacted with the other stones. We will also need to check whether the alignments can still be seen today or if they are blocked by woods, traffic, and other features.

The Moon will align with the station stone rectangle twice a month from about February 2024 to November 2025, giving us plenty of opportunities to observe this phenomenon in different seasons and phases of the Moon.

To bring our research to life, English Heritage will livestream the southernmost Moonrise in June 2024 and host a series of events throughout the year, including talks, a pop-up planetarium, stargazing, and storytelling sessions.

Across the Atlantic, our partners at the US Forest Service are developing educational materials about the major lunar standstill at Chimney Rock National Monument. This collaboration will result in events showcasing and debating the lunar alignments at both Stonehenge and Chimney Rock.

• This article was originally published on The Conversation by Fabio Silva and Amanda Chadburn at Bournemouth University and Erica Ellingson at the University of Colorado Boulder. Read the original article here.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

29-04-2024 om 22:12 geschreven door peter  

SCIENTISTS DISCOVER A 10,000-YEAR-OLD MAN-MADE MEGASTRUCTURE UNDER THE BALTIC SEA

This might be Europe’s oldest human-made megastructure.

BY STEPHANIE PIPER AND THE CONVERSATION

 

United Archives/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

Archaeologists have identified what may be Europe’s oldest human-made megastructure, submerged 21 meters below the Baltic Sea in the Bay of Mecklenburg, Germany. This structure – which has been named the Blinkerwall – is a continuous low wall made from over 1,500 granite stones that run for almost a kilometer. The evidence suggests it was constructed by Palaeolithic people between 11,700 and 9,900 years ago, probably as an aid for hunting reindeer.

The archaeologists investigating the Bay of Mecklenburg used a range of submarine equipment, sampling methods, and modeling techniques to reconstruct the ancient lake bed and its surrounding landscape. This revealed that the Blinkerwall stands on a ridge running east to west, with a 5km-wide lake basin a few meters below the ridge to the south.

The human, rather than natural, origin for the Blinkerwall was confirmed by an archaeological diving team who photographed sections of the wall. These show that it is made up of 288 very large boulders, which were probably dropped in that location by the retreating glacier, connected by 1,673 smaller stones.

These smaller stones appear to have been collected from the immediate vicinity, as the area just to the north of the wall has many fewer stones than the areas even further north. The resulting structure stands a little under a meter in height and up to two meters wide, with remarkable regularity over its 971-meter length.

A DIFFERENT LANDSCAPE

At the time of its construction, the landscapes and seascapes of northwest Europe were very different from today. The climate was beginning to warm as the colder Pleistocene era ended and the warmer Holocene era began. Sea levels were much lower, and large glaciers sat over much of Fennoscandia.

The land around the Baltic Sea basin rose rapidly, released from the weight of the retreating glaciers, and transformed into a brackish body of water known as the Yoldia Sea into freshwater Ancylus Lake. Great Britain was a peninsula of the European continental landmass, with a vast lowland plain known as Doggerland stretching from Norfolk to the Netherlands. Herds of reindeer, European bison, and wild horses migrated across its sparsely forested landscape.

In cultural terms, this period, known as the Late Upper Palaeolithic, is marked by significant hallmarks in technological innovation by the people who lived at this time. Dogs have recently been domesticated; there are regionally distinct forms of stone projectile points, and there is frequent use of decorated bone and antler harpoons, as well as specialist hunting strategies employed to target migrating prey.

The identification of the Blinkerwall now demonstrates that Palaeolithic hunters were managing their landscape to aid their hunting activities more deliberately than was previously thought.

The construction of walls and other features in the landscape is familiar to us, particularly in the context of land enclosure for farming. Both contemporary and ancient societies that have traditionally subsisted by hunting and gathering wild resources are also known to alter their environments by constructing features such as stone walls. These are used for a variety of purposes, including fishing, shellfishing, and hunting.

The researchers compared the Blinkerwall to other archaeologically documented structures of a similar length and construction type that have been identified in the Middle East, North America, Canada, and Greenland. These structures are interpreted as having been built for the purpose of game drive hunting. In this strategy, hunters use landscape and built features to gain an advantage over their prey by directing its movements to a location where they are more vulnerable to attack by other hunters.

The similarity of the Blinkerwall to these other structures, and its construction adjacent to a body of water, led to the suggestion that the wall had been created for the same purpose. The lake itself may also have been used in this strategy.

SUPPORTING EVIDENCE

One archaeological site from Germany that supports this interpretation is Stellmoor, located just north of Hamburg and which dates to the latest time that the Blinkerwall could have been constructed.

The site is located at the end of a narrow valley where thousands of reindeer bones – some bearing hunting impact traces, flint points, and even pinewood arrow shafts – were found preserved in the ancient lake sediments. The hunting evidence at Stellmoor shows the reindeer were shot by arrows as they were driven down the valley into the lake.

While there is no archaeological evidence at Stellmoor to suggest people had deliberately created or changed the landscape to enhance their hunting success, it shows how the topography of the landscape was used to the hunters’ advantage. The Blinkerwall construction provides evidence that Palaeolithic people took this level of planning and coordination a step further.

It shows they recognized and understood the instincts of their prey so well that they were able to predict their movements – and how they would react when faced with an artificially created obstacle like the Blinkerwall.

The discovery of this monumental piece of hunting architecture is unique in Europe. At a maximum of 11,700 years old, it is one of the oldest examples in the world, potentially predating a desert hunting “kite” at Jibal al-Gadiwiyt in Jordan by over a thousand years.

The Blinkerwall adds a new element to our understanding of the highly skilled and specialized hunting strategies engineered by people at the end of the last glacial period – strategies that have continued to be used in different landscapes for millennia. And the discoveries are unlikely to stop here.

The Bay of Mecklenburg has the potential to reveal further archaeological evidence of equal significance. The researchers do not rule out the possibility that another wall or other associated features could be found buried under later sedimentation of the ancient lake.

If weapons, tools, or animal remains were to be recovered at the site, this would reveal information about the nature and duration of their use – and far greater insights into the sophisticated subsistence strategies of the Palaeolithic hunters of the Baltic.

• This article was originally published on The Conversation by Stephanie Piper at University of York. Read the original article here.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

29-04-2024 om 22:02 geschreven door peter  

Asteroid Psuche was discovered in March 1852 by Italian astronomer Annibale de Gasparis. Because he discovered it, he was allowed to name it and settled on Psyche after the Greek goddess of the soul. It orbits the Sun at a distance of between 378 million to 497 million kilometres and takes about 5 Earth years to complete an orbit. Shaped like a potato, or perhaps more accurately classed as ‘irregular’ it is actually a little ellipsoid in shape measuring 280 km across wide at its widest part and 232 km across long. 

Of more interest than the objectives perhaps (although I for one am looking forward to learn more about this wonderful asteroid) was the trial communication system. The newly developed Deep Space Optical Communications technology (DSOC) is not the primary communications platform but it is there as a prototype. 

The optical system which relies upon laser technology successfully sent back engineering data at a distance of 226 million kilometres. Perhaps more impressively though, the spacecraft has shown that it can transmit at a rate of 267 Mbps (YES you read that right, just over quarter of a Gbps!) The impressive download speed was achieved on 11 December last year when a 15 second ultra high definition video was sent to Earth. Sadly though, as the spacecraft recedes, its data transmission capability will reduce. Still far better than normal radio communications though. 

Using a powerful modulated laser, the Optical Communication Telescope Laboratory in California will be able to send data at a low rate to Psyche. To receive data, a photon counting receiver has been installed at the Caltech Palomar Observatory to pickup information sent by the spacecraft. Communication has always been a great challenge in space exploration and, whilst we cannot reduce transit time for data, we can improve the amount of data sent at any one time. A great step forward in space exploration. 

Source : 

• NASA’s Optical Comms Demo Transmits Data Over 140 Million Miles

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

29-04-2024 om 21:47 geschreven door peter  

The Defense Department’s annual spending bill requires it to review U.F.O. sightings dating to 1945, the year some believe an object from space crashed in the New Mexico desert.

By Remy Tumin

For the casual student of U.F.O. history, the modern idea of life beyond our planet usually dates to 1947, when a top-secret U.S. military balloon crashed in the desert near Roswell, N.M. The wreckage prompted decades of conspiracy theories and gave rise to the idea that Roswell was the site of an alien crash landing.

Now, thanks to a new congressional spending bill, U.F.O. enthusiasts may look to 1945 as the beginning of that era.

An amendment tucked into this year’s $858 billion National Defense Authorization Act, which funds the Defense Department’s annual operating budget, requires the department to review historical documents related to unidentified aerial phenomena — government lingo for U.F.O.s — dating to 1945. That is the year that, according to one account, a large, avocado-shaped object struck a communication tower in a patch of New Mexico desert now known as the Trinity Site, where the world’s first atomic bomb was detonated that July.

Experts said the bill, which President Biden signed into law in December, could be a game changer for studying unidentified phenomena.

“The American public can reasonably expect to get some answers to questions that have been burning in the minds of millions of Americans for many years,” said Christopher Mellon, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for intelligence. “If nothing else, this should either clear up something that’s been a cloud hanging over the Air Force and Department of Defense for decades or it might lead in another direction, which could be truly incredible. There’s a lot at stake.”

The amendment was introduced by Representative Mike Gallagher, a Wisconsin Republican and a member of the Armed Services Committee. Mr. Gallagher, who declined an interview request, said in a brief statement that a “comprehensive timeline” of unidentified aerial phenomena in U.S. government records was needed, and that the amendment would ensure a full review of “all U.S. government classified and unclassified information.”

“This is an important step that will give us a more comprehensive understanding of what we know — and don’t know — about incidents impacting our military,” he said.

The U.S. government has dabbled in public-facing programs that have explored the possibility of alien life. In 2021, the Pentagon announced it would form a task force to look at the issue after a congressionally mandated report found that the government had no explanation for 143 sightings of strange phenomena by military pilots and others since 2004. NASA said in June that it would finance a study to look at unexplained sightings.

In 2022, the Defense Department established the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office, which succeeded the Airborne Object Identification and Management Synchronization Group, after facing scrutiny from the public and lawmakers. Sean M. Kirkpatrick, a former chief scientist at the Missile and Space Intelligence Center, which is part of the Defense Intelligence Agency, was named director.

The introduction of drones and other airborne clutter has led to an increase in sightings of unidentified objects in recent years. The government, which delivered its most recent update on Thursday, has found that weather balloons and surveillance operations by foreign powers accounted for most of the recent sightings of unidentified aerial phenomena, though dozens remain officially unexplained.

The defense funding bill requires the new office to work with the intelligence community to identify any nondisclosure agreements related to possible U.F.O. sightings. It also requires the office to create a process for people to share information, regardless of classification, and to share its findings with the highest levels of the Defense Department. It also mandates that the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office be fully staffed.

“This is an office now that has a voice and resources, and it has authority,” Mr. Mellon, the former Defense Department official, said.

Susan Gough, a spokeswoman for the agency, said in an email that “the department is reviewing the enacted legislation.”

Jacques Vallée, a longtime ufologist, astronomer and computer scientist, said the amendment’s inclusion in the defense bill was “an absolute turning point.”

“This is what all scientists and my colleagues have always dreamed of,” said Dr. Vallée, who has helped study reports of U.F.O.s for the Centre National d’Études Spatiales, the French space agency. He said that the U.S. government’s agreement to dig into the past meant “the stigma has been removed.”

Dr. Vallée began studying the Trinity incident several years ago alongside a journalist, Paola Harris, and interviewed people who claimed to have witnessed the crash. Dr. Vallée and Ms. Harris chronicled their research in a book, “Trinity: The Best-Kept Secret,” including the details of the avocado-shaped object. They also spoke to witnesses who said they came across the object as children and found what they described as “little creatures.”

In the United States, Dr. Vallée said, “there has always been, on the part of the government, especially the Pentagon,” a sense that civilian sightings are unreliable. “The reason,” he said, “is that civilians don’t have the technology to really document what happens, and of course the Pentagon does.”

But, Dr. Vallée said, there’s no reason that “a farmer in his field” isn’t qualified to give a quality observation of a possible U.F.O. “The civilian observations tend to be longer, they tend to be more detailed, they tend to leave a trace that we can analyze,” he said.

He said he was working with a team at Stanford University to analyze samples of minerals and debris that were left after U.F.O. crashes or landings.

“I would hope that the new project would continue to do that because I think we’ve shown the way to do that scientifically,” Dr. Vallée said. He added, “We don’t have proof that a biologist can look at, but we have considerable statistical and now observational evidence that there must be life out there, that the Earth is not unique.”

At 83, Dr. Vallée still holds out hope for tangible evidence in his lifetime.

“Science is a moving frontier,” he said. “I want to have the right answers, even if they are small answers, rather than more speculation.”

Understanding U.F.O.s

At House Hearing, Videos of Unexplained Aerial Sightings and a Push for Answers

May 17, 2022

The Truth Has Not Always Been Out There

June 24, 2021

The Pentagon Released U.F.O. Videos. Don’t Hold Your Breath for a Breakthrough.

April 28, 2020

{ https://www.nytimes.com/ }

29-04-2024 om 18:53 geschreven door peter  

Unveiling the Shadows: The 1945 Avocado-Shaped UFO Crash – A Prelude to Roswell

In the vast expanse of the New Mexico desert, a mystery older than the famed Roswell incident has beckoned the curious and the skeptical alike. In 1945, years before Roswell became synonymous with UFOs, an event unfolded near San Antonio, New Mexico, that would later be dubbed as the “Roswell before Roswell.” This event involved the crash of a mysterious “avocado-shaped” UFO—an incident that has intrigued UFO enthusiasts and researchers for decades.

President Biden’s recent signing of a military spending bill has thrust this enigmatic 1945 UFO crash back into the limelight, commanding the Pentagon’s All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) to re-investigate the occurrence. This directive marks a significant moment in the annals of UFO investigations, promising to potentially unveil new insights into an event that predates the official narrative of UFO sightings in the United States.

At the heart of this resurgence in interest are the eyewitness accounts and the painstaking research of Jacques Vallée, a renowned scientist and UFO investigator, whose work inspired the character of François Truffaut in Steven Spielberg’s Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Alongside Italian UFO journalist Paola Harris, Vallée co-authored Trinity: The Best-Kept Secret, delving deep into the 1945 incident through the eyes of those who first encountered the wreckage.

The narrative of the crash is as fascinating as it is mysterious. Witnesses described an object with a dull metallic sheen, embedded in the ground, alongside accounts of strange, shadowy beings near the site. The subsequent military response, quickly securing and explaining away the incident as a downed weather balloon, did little to quell speculation, leading many to suspect a cover-up.

As the Pentagon embarks on this renewed investigation, the world watches with bated breath. The implications of uncovering new evidence or insights into the 1945 crash could be profound, challenging our understanding of human history and our place in the cosmos. The commitment to re-examine this case reflects a broader, more transparent approach to UFO sightings and encounters, signaling an era where the search for truth transcends the bounds of skepticism and secrecy.

With each passing year, the interest in UFO sightings continues to grow, fueled by a combination of technological advancements, increasing numbers of declassified documents, and a global community ever eager for answers. The re-investigation of the 1945 UFO crash not only serves as a testament to the enduring fascination with the unknown but also as a beacon, guiding us closer to the elusive truth that lies hidden among the stars.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

29-04-2024 om 18:37 geschreven door peter  

Pentagon’s UFO Office Releases Report On Air Force Incident Over Gulf Of Mexic

The Pentagon has released a new report by the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) about a UFO encounter by a pilot over the Gulf of Mexico.

The UFO encounter occurred on January 26th, 2023 and was reported by a United States Air Force fighter jet pilot that was based at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida.

The incident was first made public by Congressman Matt Gaetz during a July 2023 hearing when he revealed that he had seen evidence of a UFO that he was “not able to attach to any human capability.”

In March, through a Freedom of Information Act request, documents pertaining to the UFO encounter revealed that one of the UFOs encountered by the Air Force pilot had a “orange-reddish” illuminated bottom, a “three-dimensional cone shape” top composed of “gunmetal gray segmented panels,” and was similiar in shape to an “Apollo spacecraft.”

The UFO encounter was significant enough for Congresswoman Anna Paulina Luna and Representative Tim Burchett to visit Eglin Air Force Base to conduct an investigation. Luna claimed that the Air Force and the Pentagon tried to cover up the incident and stop them from gaining clearance.

The pilot reported to the AARO “that they thought they saw a vertically oriented engine affixed to the side of the object that was nearly the height of the object.”

They also claimed that “upon closing to within 4,000 feet of the object, the radar on the aircraft malfunctioned and remained disabled for the remainder of the training exercise.”

Each and every claim made by the Air Force pilot was supposedly debunked or explained away by the AARO.

“AARO assesses the reported UAP very likely was an ordinary object and was not exhibiting anomalous or exceptional characteristics or flight behaviors,” the office concluded. “AARO has moderate confidence in this assessment due to the limited data provided.”

Based on a “thorough review of the data collected, official pilot accounts of the object’s description and behavior, laboratory testing of a commercial lighting balloon determined to have similar physical characteristics to the object described in the pilot’s report, a reconstruction of the flight geometry, and the sun angle at the time of the observation,” the AARO concluded “the object was a lighter-than-air (LTA) object, such as a large form-factor balloon; a meteorological balloon; a large Mylar balloon; or a large, commercial, outdoor, helium-filled, lighting balloon.”

AARO

It’s always just a balloon, isn’t it?

{ https://brobible.com/ }

29-04-2024 om 18:24 geschreven door peter  

Bestaan er levensvormen op de maan van Jupiter? Een nieuw instrument zal ons dat eindelijk kunnen vertellen

Door Janine

Zijn er levensvormen op Europa, een van de manen van Jupiter? Volgens wetenschappers is er een manier om daar achter te komen dankzij een nieuwe techniek: laten we eens kijken waar het uit bestaat.

Een sonde vliegt over Europa en pikt ijskorrels op

unknown author of the NASA - NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute/Wikimedia commons - Public domain

Het zou voldoende zijn om één enkele ijskoude korrel die Europa bedekt te analyseren om te ontdekken of de satelliet cellulair leven herbergt. Makkelijker gezegd dan gedaan, maar wetenschappers hebben een manier gevonden die in de nabije toekomst getest kan worden, wanneer Europa Clipper, de sonde van NASA, over Europa vliegt.

In de praktijk zetten wetenschappers alles in op een van de instrumenten van de sonde, genaamd SUDA, Surface Dust Analyser, die ijskorrels moet oppikken als hij door de bevroren waterpluimen op het oppervlak van de satelliet vliegt en deze vervolgens moet analyseren. Fabian Klenner, planeetwetenschapper aan de Universiteit van Washington en hoofdauteur van het onderzoek naar deze methode, zei: "Het is verbazingwekkend hoe de analyse van deze kleine ijskorrels ons kan vertellen of er leven is op een ijskoude maan. We weten nu in ieder geval dat SUDA over deze mogelijkheden beschikt."

SUDA en de analyse van een enkele ijskorrel van Europa

NASA-JPL/Wikimedia commons - Public domain

SUDA zal in staat zijn om de chemische elementen in het verzamelde materiaal direct te onderzoeken, dankzij een proces dat bekend staat als “impact ionisatie massaspectrometrie”. Het unieke aan deze techniek is dat het instrument een enkele ijskorrel kan analyseren in plaats van een grote massa ijsdeeltjes. Hierdoor kunnen onderzoekers ontdekken of een enkele korrel hoge percentages ingrediënten van een enkele cel bevat.

Wetenschappers geloven dat verschillende manen van zowel Jupiter als Saturnus, waaronder Europa, Enceladus, Ganymedes en Callisto, reservoirs van vloeibaar water bedekt met ijs bevatten. NASA's missie Cassini naar Saturnus heeft ontdekt dat pluimen ijskorrels die via het ijsoppervlak uit de verborgen zeeën van Enceladus spuwen verschillende organische verbindingen bevatten (en een hoge aanwezigheid van fosfor). Dit leidde tot de hypothese dat hetzelfde zou kunnen gebeuren op Europa.

Volgens Klenner zou de grote hoeveelheid ijskorrels rond de satelliet Jupiter het gevolg zijn van interplanetaire meteoroïden die het oppervlak raken, "waardoor er een vage wolk van ijskorrels rond de maan ontstaat - een paradijs voor een instrument als SUDA".

Is er cellulair leven in het ijs van Europa?

NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute/Wikimedia commons - Public domain

Het idee dat Europa levensvormen zou kunnen herbergen, is niet nieuw: in de jaren negentig opperde de natuurkundige Freeman Dyson de aanwezigheid van “gevriesdroogde vis” in de ring van ruimtepuin rond Jupiter: hoewel dit een ver verwijderde hypothese is, zou er cellulair leven, zelfs in gefragmenteerde vorm, kunnen worden gevonden in de ijskorrels van de maan. Voordat ze SUDA op hun missie stuurden, testten Klenner en zijn team de capaciteiten door middel van laboratoriumsimulaties met experimentele apparatuur, die in staat bleek om bacteriën in afzonderlijke waterdruppels te onderscheiden. De sonde Europa Clipper wordt volgens de planning in oktober gelanceerd en komt in 2030 in een baan om Jupiter, waar hij ongeveer vier jaar zal blijven.

Een ander recent onderzoek suggereerde dat de ijzige schil van Europa meer dan 20 km dik zou kunnen zijn, wat een voortdurend omvallen van de ijslagen zou kunnen veroorzaken en dus een uitwisseling van het oppervlak met de oceaan. Sascha Kempf, de hoofdonderzoeker van SUDA, legde uit: “Als Europa Clipper de uitwisselingsprocessen tussen ijs en oceaan zou bevestigen, dan heeft deze maan een mechanisme om materiaal van de oceaan naar het oppervlak te transporteren, en zouden instrumenten aan boord van de sonde materiaal kunnen analyseren dat ooit uit de oceaan kwam – misschien zelfs celmateriaal, indien aanwezig."

Bestaat er echt leven in het water van deze maan van Jupiter? Er rest ons niets anders dan afwachten.

Source:

{ https://www.curioctopus.nl/ }

29-04-2024 om 18:09 geschreven door peter  

NASA reist naar een asteroïde van onschatbare waarde: hij is rijk aan kostbare metalen en dat niet alleen

 Door Janine

In de familie van asteroïden die de kosmos bevolken, heeft er één in het bijzonder de aandacht getrokken van wetenschappers vanwege zijn mogelijk onschatbare waarde. Hier lees je waarom en waar hij te vinden is.

De belangrijke asteroïde Psyche

NASA

Psyche zou niet alleen een gigantische, maar ook een “zeer rijke” asteroïde kunnen zijn, die indrukwekkende hoeveelheden edelmetalen zou kunnen bevatten. Het bevindt zich ongeveer drie keer verder van de zon dan onze planeet en heeft een onregelmatige vorm, die doet denken aan een aardappel. Het breedste punt meet 280 km, terwijl het hoogste punt 232 km lang is, met een totaal van 165.800 vierkante kilometer.

De samenstelling ervan wordt geschat op een mix van 30% rotsen en 60% metal. Het 3D-model van de asteroïde suggereert de aanwezigheid van twee kraters, wat zou kunnen wijzen op een grote verandering in het metaalgehalte en de uiterlijke kleur van Psyche. Dit kan echter pas worden bevestigd als NASA's missie Pysche het voor het eerst van dichtbij kan zien. Wetenschappers geloven dat zijn oorsprong voortkomt uit een reeks talrijke en gewelddadige botsingen, die hij heeft overleefd sinds de vorming van het zonnestelsel. Om deze reden zou het kunnen onthullen hoe de kern van de aarde en die van andere planeten is gevormd.

Hoe lang zal NASA's missie Psyche duren?

Raysastrophotograhy/Wikimedia commons - CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED

Psyche is een ontdekking van de Italiaanse astronoom Annibale de Gasparis, die de asteroïde op 17 maart 1852 voor het eerst zag en hem de naam gaf van de Griekse godin van de ziel die trouwde met Eros, de god van de liefde. Omdat het de zestiende ontdekte asteroïde is, is de volledige naam 16 Psyche en vertegenwoordigt het een belangrijk doelwit voor NASA: het gelijknamige ruimtevaartuig werd op 13 oktober 2023 gelanceerd vanaf NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, en zal over Mars vliegen om in augustus 2029 zijn bestemming te bereiken. In totaal zes jaar en 3,6 miljard kilometer.

De missie is van plan het oppervlak en de eigenschappen van het hemellichaam in kaart te brengen, dat een blootliggende kern van een planeet lijkt te zijn. Maar dit is niet de enige reden van belangstelling die Psyche omhult: er wordt geschat dat de kostbare metalen die het bevat, waaronder ijzer, nikkel en goud, ongeveer 10.000 biljoen dollar waard zijn.

Wat zal er gebeuren na de lange reis naar Psyche?

NASA /JPL-Caltech/ASU/Peter Rubin/Wikimedia commons - Public domain

Deskundigen werkten dag en nacht om het ruimtevaartuig te lanceren en het een baanbrekende reis naar de asteroïde te laten maken, die niet alleen de geheimen van de oorsprong van de aarde kon bevatten, maar ook een onschatbare economische waarde zou kunnen hebben. Er zal echter nog een lange weg te gaan zijn voordat deze voorspellingen worden bevestigd.

Constante monitoring van de orbiter zorgt ervoor dat deze zijn reis naar de diepe ruimte kan voortzetten, met mogelijke koersaanpassingen. Tegen de tijd dat het ruimtevaartuig Psyche bereikt in de belangrijkste asteroïdengordel tussen Jupiter en Mars, zal het ongeveer twee jaar rond de asteroïde draaien en verschillende aspecten onderzoeken, zoals de magnetische eigenschappen, de zwaartekracht en de samenstelling. In 2026 zal het ruimtevaartuig Mars naderen om een ​​zwaartekrachtboost te krijgen, waardoor het zijn reis kan voortzetten. De missie zou in 2031 moeten eindigen.

{ https://www.curioctopus.nl/ }

29-04-2024 om 17:50 geschreven door peter  

Comprehensive 3D map of the universe fills 11-billion-year gap

The new SDSS map of the universe is the result of over 20 years of data, and reveals new details about the cosmos

A 20-year study of the night sky has allowed astronomers to produce a comprehensive 3D map of the universe, covering 11 billion years of expansion. A new analysis of this map has highlighted a mismatch in the Hubble Constant, and revealed when the expansion of the universe began to accelerate.

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has been collecting data for over 20 years now, with each data release resulting in more and more detailed maps of the cosmos. Now, scientists have combined it all into one huge three-dimensional map that covers almost the entire history of the universe. Importantly, the team says that the new study fills in a massive gap in the middle that has long bothered astronomers.

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“We know both the ancient history of the universe and its recent expansion history fairly well, but there’s a troublesome gap in the middle 11 billion years,” says Kyle Dawson, a lead researcher on the project. “For five years, we have worked to fill in that gap, and we are using that information to provide some of the most substantial advances in cosmology in the last decade."

The new map uses data from different phases of the Sloan survey to chart objects at different distances from Earth – therefore representing different time periods in the universe’s history. In this map, Earth is the dot at the very center, and the differently colored rings represent different data sets, circulating outwards in ever greater distances in space and time.

Anand Raichoor (EPFL), Ashley Ross (Ohio State University) and the SDSS Collaboration

The green section highlights galaxies closest to Earth, from data gathered during the first two SDSS runs. The pink and red circles cover the region up to about six billion light-years away, from observations of large, old, red galaxies. A little beyond that, the data comes from younger blue galaxies. To map even further out, to about 11 billion years ago, data was collected from quasars, which are bright galaxies with very active supermassive black holes at their centers.

The resulting map revealed a few new tidbits of information for astronomers. The researchers were able to use the map to measure the rate that the universe is expanding – a value known as the Hubble Constant. Strangely enough, they found the current value to be about 10 percent lower than when it’s calculated by measuring distances to nearby galaxies.

The team says that the data from the map is very precise, and made up of different data sets that all have the same conclusion. Exactly why there’s a mismatch for the Hubble Constant is a mystery that will require further study, the researchers say.

The study also showed that the expansion of the universe seemed to speed up about six billion years ago. It’s well known that the rate of expansion is accelerating, but nailing down when this began has been tricky in the past. Previous studies have suggested it started some four billion years ago, but the new data indicates it was earlier. A force dubbed "dark energy" is our current best guess for what is causing this acceleration.

And finally, since the study covers such a large section of space and time, it’s able to give one of the clearest pictures of what “shape” the universe is. Whether it’s flat or curved is the subject of ongoing argument for astrophysicists, but the new SDSS map adds evidence to it being flat.

The SDSS will continue to study the cosmos in ever more detail, with a new phase of operations due to begin later this year.

The research was published in a series of studies, as Sloan’s 16th data release. The team discusses the work in the video below.

Source: 

• SDSS

{https://newatlas.com/ }

29-04-2024 om 01:13 geschreven door peter  

Why is it so hard to send humans back to the moon?

Related: 

• Astronauts won't walk on the moon until 2026 after NASA delays next 2 Artemis missions
• https://youtu.be/WLC8vlH7vgw

In comparison, today NASA commands less than half a percent of the total federal budget, with a much broader range of priorities and directives. Over the past decade, NASA has spent roughly $90 billion on the Artemis program. Naturally, with less money going to a new moon landing, we're likely to make slower progress, even with advancements in technology.

Closely tied to the financial realities are the political realities. In the 1960s, America was in the midst of the space race, a competition with the Soviet Union to achieve as many firsts in space, especially landing humans on the moon. The public was on board and energized by this idea, as were lawmakers who directed NASA's expansive budget. 

That kind of spending, however, was deeply unsustainable. As soon as America "won," the public quickly lost interest and NASA funding tumbled. There simply isn't the political or public will to spend that amount of money for a second shot at the moon.

{ https://www.space.com/ }

29-04-2024 om 00:48 geschreven door peter  

(NASA, ESA, CSA, and L. Hustak (STScI))

ASTRONOMERS REVEAL AN ‘ACTIVE MOON’ MAY BE HIDING IN ORBIT NEAR THIS RECENT JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE DISCOVERY

MICAH HANKS 

Located approximately 47 light years from Earth, one of these brown dwarfs, CWISEP J193518.59–154620.3 (also known simply as W1935), possesses a surface temperature of about 400° Fahrenheit and a likely mass of somewhere between six and 35 times that of Jupiter.

During their studies, Faherty and her team found that W1935 was unlike other brown dwarfs they had observed; specifically, it appeared to be emitting methane. This is unusual since methane is most often associated with larger planets like gas giants.

“We were confused about what we were seeing at first but ultimately that transformed into pure excitement at the discovery,” Faherty said.

The initial detection of methane emanating from W1935 was reported in January, baffling astronomers at the time since the object is relatively cold and lacks any host star to provide its upper atmosphere with the energy that usually drives such methane emissions.

Faherty and her team relied on computer modeling in their observations of W1935, which revealed that it also appears to possess a temperature inversion, which is fairly common for planets orbiting stars. However, without any external heat source, it seemed odd that W1935 would possess this characteristic due to its isolation.

Ben Burningham, a researcher from the University of Hertfordshire and co-author of a new paper describing the team’s findings, says the team was “pleasantly shocked” by this discovery and went to work on trying to locate the source of the extra heat in W1935’s upper atmosphere.

• Micah Hanks is the Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. He can be reached by email at micah@thedebrief.org. Follow his work at micahhanks.com and on X: @MicahHanks.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

29-04-2024 om 00:27 geschreven door peter  

Kingman UFO Crash: Man Worked At Area 51 Said Alien Survivor Helped Re-Engineering UFO

In 1953, the Atomic Energy Commission conducted a series of powerful explosions at the Nevada Test Site, known as “Upshot Knothole.” During the same period, witnesses reported seeing eight unidentified flying objects engaged in a dogfight near Arizona. Historian and former museum curator Harry Drew spent ten years investigating the incident and discovered that three of the craft had crashed on the outskirts of Kingman, Arizona in May 1953.

Drew did not expect to find evidence of the Kingman UFO and was surprised to learn about the third crashed craft. Mystery Wire reports he researched old records and interviewed original witnesses to uncover a complicated story that was more intricate than the Roswell UFO crash story.

In 1973, a retired Nevada Test Site technician named Arthur Stansel revealed that he and his team were taken to a remote desert location in Arizona to recover a secret experimental craft that had crashed. The team found a perfectly intact 40-foot diameter disc-shaped craft with four alien beings associated with it, and it was shipped to Groom Lake, Nevada, where Area 51 was later built around it.

In his book, “7 Days in May: The Kingman UFO Story,” Drew describes what happened to the three crashed crafts. One was destroyed when it crashed into a mountain near Kingman, another was found intact miles away from the crash site, and the third one crashed next to a small reservoir after clipping a rocky butte. The military took the last unknown craft back to a Nevada base. He found military-issued food containers dating back to 1953 around the exact crash site, proving that military teams camped there.

UFO enthusiasts have speculated that the Kingman UFO incident might be linked to the nuclear tests conducted in Nevada. However, Drew’s research suggests that the cause was a trio of powerful experimental radar sites set up around Kingman.

Drew claimed that he was able to document the crashes and the secret transport of the crafts to Nevada. He also asserted that one of the crafts was entirely intact when discovered. Despite the hotly contested nature of the story, Drew has evidence to support his findings.

According to MUFON researcher Richard Hall, in April 1964, the first report of a crash near Kingman was relayed to him by a future Vietnam commander. However, it was not until June 1973 that the case of the Kingman UFO retrieval was brought to the public’s attention by renowned UFO researcher Raymond Fowler.

The incident involved an engineer, Arthur G. Stancil (also known as “Fritz Werner”), who took preliminary measurements to assess the momentum of the crashed craft, which could prove useful in any reverse engineering attempts. Stancil, an Ohio University mechanical engineering graduate, who worked at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio, first made the story public.

Dr. Eric Wang, who was suspected of leading a reverse engineering team on alien craft, headed the Installations Division within the Office of Special Studies where Stancil worked. Stancil provided an affidavit in April 1976 vouching for the honesty of his testimony, which was released by Ray Fowler in the UFO Magazine. In his statement, Stancil revealed that he was loaned out to the Atomic Energy Commission and designated as a project engineer on some atomic bomb tests referred to as “Operation Upshot Knothole.”

The craft was reported to have a brushed aluminum exterior finish, measuring approximately 30 feet in diameter, and contained two swivel seats, instruments, and display panels. The hatch was five feet high and three feet wide. Additional reports from the book “Majic Eyes Only,” written by Ryan S. Wood, indicate that the craft was embedded 20” into the desert sand on impact.

Re-Engineered UFO And Four Aliens

There are varying reports about the number of extraterrestrial biological entities (EBEs) recovered at the crash site. Some sources claim that four small EBEs were recovered, while others state that only one was found. Despite these discrepancies, there is evidence to suggest that a military blockade was set up along Highway 40, possibly in 1953, to secure the area leading to and from the potential crash site.

It is unclear whether the military recovered objects of extraterrestrial origin and transported them to a clandestine hangar, but there are reports of crashed discs being housed at a top-secret facility known as Area S-4, located 12 miles south of Area 51.

According to Wendelle Stevens, a retired US Air Force pilot-turned-UFO researcher, the disc that crashed near Kingman was transported to Area 51 via a U.S. Army tank transporter. The recovery crew attempted to tilt the craft on end to facilitate transportation across the country but abandoned this procedure when it became clear that it was impossible. Telephone poles had to be removed when the main road intersected with unimproved surfaces or dirt roads due to the oversized load of the disc on the trailer.

Read also:

• Man Who Ran Area 51 Claimed They Had Alien Crafts & Non-Human Beings: So Bob Lazar Is Telling Truth
• This US President Cried After He Found Disturbing Alien Information In UFO Briefing
• Harvard Professor Is Right: Some UFOs Are Aliens, Govt. Officials From D.C. Told Him
• Jacques Vallee On Footage Of UFO Landing At Holloman AFB: Occupant Carried Vertical Staff With Spiral Antenna

Bill Uhouse, a retired mechanical engineer, claimed to have been part of a top-secret program to design and build flight simulators used to teach American test pilots how to control flying saucers. He stated that the origin of the program came from the UFO crash at Kingman.

Mr. Uhouse claimed to have served in the Marine Corps and Air Force for a total of 14 years as a fighter pilot and flight tester of experimental aircraft. Later in his career, he worked as an engineer for defense contractors, focusing on antigravity propulsion systems and flight simulators for exotic aircraft, as well as actual flying discs.

According to his testimony, the first disc they tested was a re-engineered ET craft. Mr. Uhouse was invited to work on a flying disc simulator by an unknown man. He was reassigned to link aviation and worked on building the F-102 simulator and B-47 simulator. He claimed that extraterrestrials presented a craft to the US government which was taken to Area 51, and the four ETs were taken to Los Alamos. His specialty was the flight deck and instruments, and he met with an ET called J-rod who helped engineers with the craft’s engineering.

“There was only one of them (alien) that would talk to scientists in the lab with them and the rest wouldn’t talk to anybody or even have a conversation with them. First, they thought it was mental telepathy but it is kind of a joke to me because they actually speak maybe not like we do but uh they actually speak,” Mr. Uhouse said on Sirius Disclosure.

In his 2013 interview, Mr. Uhouse discussed his work on a craft that was different from Bob Lazar’s alleged reactor. He explained that the simulator he worked on had six capacitors charged with a million volts each, which created a gravitational field that allowed the craft to lift off and turn left to right.

The craft had no windows, and visibility was through cameras, and there were no seat belts as the craft had its own gravitational field. Uhouse mentioned that it took a significant amount of training to operate the craft, and its design did not allow for the installation of external weapons like traditional aircraft. He also claimed that Area-51’s secrecy was due to a peace pact signed between the US and the United Nations during the time of President Eisenhower.

In 1977, UFO researcher Len Stringfield shared another account supporting the Kingman UFO crash. According to this new story, a man who served in the National Guard at Wright Patterson claimed to have witnessed the delivery of three bodies packed in dry ice, measuring four feet tall with large heads and brownish skin. The bodies were reportedly recovered from a crash site in Arizona in 1953. Since then, several other witnesses have come forward, but further details are currently unavailable. (Source)

Interestingly, UFO expert Charles Wilhelm heard a strikingly similar story in 1966 from a man who claimed that his father had shared the account on his deathbed. In 1995, an individual who went by the name of Jarod-2 contacted The Groom Lake Desert Rat, an Internet publication, and revealed that he had worked on a secret project for the USAF. The project aimed to construct a flying saucer simulator and had gathered materials from the Roswell and Kingman crash sites.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

28-04-2024 om 23:15 geschreven door peter  

(Image Source: Adobe Stock)

CHINA CLAIMS NEW BREAKTHROUGH IN LASER PROPULSION COULD LEAD TO ULTRAFAST, STEALTH SUBMARINES

TIM MCMILLAN

Researchers first introduced the new laser propulsion system at the “Applied Optics and Photonics” conference in Beijing in late 2023. During the proceedings, scientists explained that the system utilizes high-energy lasers to direct the force from cavitation implosions to propel a submarine. 

In a paper recently published in the Chinese academic journal Acta Optica Sinica, scientists elaborated that the system, named “underwater fiber laser-induced plasma detonation wave propulsion,” works by directing laser energy through optical fibers. These fibers, as thin as human hairs, would coat the submarine’s exterior, allowing directed high-power laser beams to propel the vessel through the water. 

The setup purportedly generates up to 70,000 newtons of thrust with just 2 megawatts of laser power, roughly equivalent to the force of a commercial jet engine. 

The use of laser propulsion systems represents a significant departure from traditional propellants. Instead of relying on mechanical engines, this innovative method uses lasers to generate plasma in water, creating a wave that propels the vessel forward.

The concept of laser propulsion is associated with the phenomenon of supercavitation or the formation of bubbles around a submarine’s surface. This creates an air pocket that drastically reduces water resistance, allowing the submarine to achieve extraordinary speeds. 

Theoretically, a submarine exploiting supercavitation could travel faster than the speed of sound, or nearly 667 knots-per-hour (767 mph). The Soviet twin-propeller K-222 submarine holds the fastest claimed underwater speed, reportedly clocking in at 44.7 knots during sea trials in 1969. 

Laser propulsion operates similarly to a magnetohydrodynamic drive (MHD), a concept for marine propulsion that has been explored since the late 1960s. 

While a magnetohydrodynamic drive propels a submarine by using electric and magnetic fields to accelerate a liquid or gas, a laser propulsion system propels the vessel using focused laser beams to create plasma.

Also similar to a magnetohydrodynamic drive (MHD), a laser propulsion system would have no moving parts, reducing a submarine’s autistic signature as it passes through the water. 

The idea of using laser propulsion for submarines has been explored for decades. Yet, despite these efforts, previous attempts to develop the technology have failed to produce a system with enough power or thrust to be practical.

However, Chinese scientists, led by Dr. Ge Yang, an associate professor at Harbin Engineering University, have reportedly overcome previous hurdles in laser propulsion technology by innovating the structure used to harness and direct energy. 

Researchers said insights from the Chinese aerospace defense sector, particularly in advanced plasma electric propulsion used in hypersonic weapons, were instrumental in refining the technology. 

Despite this development’s potential, researchers have not yet addressed several critical challenges. These include confronting the problem of heat dissipation in the optical fibers, their durability in harsh underwater environments, and the integration of the system with existing submarine designs, particularly the surfacing and steering mechanisms. 

These issues must be resolved before this novel laser propulsion system is considered viable. However, if realized, the military implications of such technology are significant. 

Submarines are vital to national security because of their stealth capabilities and firepower. Successfully developing an operational laser propulsion system would significantly improve the stealth and speed of China’s naval forces, potentially altering the strategic dynamics in the ongoing technological rivalry between Beijing and the United States.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/science/ }

28-04-2024 om 22:40 geschreven door peter  

NASA’s Juno Spacecraft Stumbled On A Glistening Lava Lake On Jupiter’s Moon Io

Loki Patera is like no place on Earth.

BY KIONA SMITH

 

NASA

Loki Patera isn’t the first lava lake scientists have spotted on Io; previous spacecraft, including Galileo (RIP) have also sent home images of similar features, but Juno’s pics are the clearest and most detailed. Based on Juno’s data, NASA created this animation of what a flight over Loki Patera might look like.

On Io, lava lakes like Loki Patera probably form when the ground over a magma reservoir sinks or collapses. Earth has similar features called calderas, which form when a volcano erupts and its top collapses inward because there’s less magma underneath to support it. Io’s paterae (the plural of patera) are similar to calderas on Earth and Mars, but they’re also different in ways that suggest they may form a little differently. A 2001 study, which used data from Galileo, suggested that tectonic movements may pull pieces of Io’s crust apart, leaving gaps that collapse and form paterae.

Once a patera like Loki forms, lava usually floods its floor – and often spreads well beyond the edges of the patera. The lava pours in from underground magma chambers like the one planetary scientists say probably lies beneath Loki Patera. Galileo captured an image of a patera on Io, with magma gushing in from fissures at the base of its rocky walls, back in 2000.

The surface of Loki Patera is exposed to the poisonous atmosphere of Io, so it slowly cools into a hard, thin crust of volcanic glass, which reflects sunlight so brightly in Juno’s images. Islands of rock — rock with a higher melting point than the magma beneath the patera — dot the middle of the lava lake. Glowing hot magma lines their shores and the lake's edges, peeking through cracks that form at the edges of the glassy crust.

Picture a frozen lake here on Earth: smooth ice on the surface and liquid water beneath. Now imagine that it’s all lava instead of water, and that’s Loki Patera.

But unlike ice, rock gets heavier, not lighter, when it cools and solidifies. Eventually, the crust will be too heavy to float on top of the liquid, molten rock beneath, and it will sink into the magma. This happens every Earth year or two, leaving the bubbling molten surface of the lava lake exposed, which spacecraft like Juno can see because the molten rock radiates about ten times more heat than the cooled, glassy crust.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

28-04-2024 om 21:49 geschreven door peter