Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
22-09-2024
Einstein’s theory challenged: Black holes could be frozen stars, claims study
Einstein’s theory challenged: Black holes could be frozen stars, claims study
Story by Rupendra Brahambhatt
Einstein’s theory challenged: Black holes could be frozen stars, claims study
Black holes are one of those rare entities that defy the rules of science and are associated with many paradoxes that seem unresolvable. However, a new study proposes a theory that could change everything we know about black holes.
The study suggests that black holes are actually frozen stars, theoretical remnants of stars that have cooled down and no longer emit light or heat. Also called black dwarfs, frozen stars represent the final stage of a star’s life cycle.
Generally, scientists believe that stars take trillions of years to reach the black dwarf stage. As our universe is only 13.7 billion years old, it doesn’t have any frozen stars yet.
However, in the new study, the researchers conducted a detailed analysis of the similarities between frozen stars and black holes and discovered that their theory solves many of the paradoxes linked to the traditional black hole model.
The problem with the current black hole model
When it comes to black holes, the science community has been following what Albert Einstein stated in his theory of general relativity in 1915.
According to Einstein, there are two prime features of a black hole. First, it contains a point of infinite density at its center, which is referred to as singularity. Second, a black hole has an event horizon – a boundary that doesn’t allow anything to escape, not even light.
While this theory is widely accepted, it has also faced some big challenges. For instance, real-world observation suggests that infinities aren’t meant to exist in nature, and this is why everything is considered finite in physics.
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Discussed: What If You Could See Through a Black Hole? - Pr. Clifford Johnson (Secret History)
Albert Einstein's Theory Of Relativity (Video 6) | Black Holes and Inertial Frames
Another contradiction arises from Stephen Hawking’s radiation paradox which suggests that black holes can emit radiation and slowly lose mass over time, which eventually leads to their complete evaporation. But how is this possible, since Einstein proposed that nothing escapes a black hole?
Also, if a black hole vaporizes, then the matter that formed the black hole is destroyed. However, this violates the law of conservation of information, which states that information, like matter, can neither be created nor destroyed. Information conservation also forms the basis of quantum mechanics.
However, according to the study authors, all these paradoxes are resolved when black holes are considered frozen stars — objects that lack both singularity and event horizon.
Do black holes make sense as frozen stars?
In their study, the researchers demonstrate that the theoretical values of the thermodynamic properties, such as entropy and thermal radiation, for black holes are similar to those of frozen stars.
“Frozen stars are a type of black hole mimickers: ultracompact, astrophysical objects that are free of singularities, lack a horizon, but yet can mimic all of the observable properties of black holes,” Ramy Brustein, first study author and a physics professor at Ben-Gurion University in Israel, toldLive Science.
So, if black holes are frozen stars, this means they don’t have a point of infinite density or singularity. This condition suggests that they follow the same rules related to finiteness as real-world objects.
Plus, the lack of an event horizon suggests that radiations and particles can escape their boundary, which is in alignment with what Hawking stated about the emission of light from black holes.
“We have shown how frozen stars behave as (nearly) perfect absorbers although lacking a horizon and act as a source of gravitational waves. Moreover, they source the same external geometry as that of a conventional model of black holes and reproduce their conventional thermodynamic properties,” Brustein said.
However, the study has various limitations as well. For instance, black dwarfs are believed to have an internal structure whereas this is not expected in the case of black holes.
Also, there’s no experimental evidence that confirms that black holes are indeed frozen stars. Therefore, further research is required to validate this hypothesis.
The study is published in the journal Physical Review D.
De Aarde zal voor korte tijd een nieuwe Maan krijgen, net alsof het een tweede satelliet van onze planeet is. Maar wat is het en hoe lang zal het duren?
De aarde zal twee maanden lang een mini-maan hebben
De enige natuurlijke satelliet van de aarde is de maan, maar binnenkort krijgt onze planeet er nog een kleinere bij. Dat zal eind september gebeuren, gedurende ongeveer twee maanden. Maar hoe is dit mogelijk?
Het zal een tijdelijke new entry zijn, maar wel een die in alle opzichten een mini-maan voor onze planeet zal zijn. Concreet zal het fenomeen plaatsvinden tussen 29 september en 24 november 2024. Het zal echter niet eenvoudig zijn om het met het blote oog waar te nemen.
Het is namelijk een kleine asteroïde met de naam 2024 PT5, die op 7 augustus voor het eerst werd gedetecteerd door ATLAS, het Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System. Mini-manen zijn in feite hemellichamen die voor kortstondige perioden worden gevangen door de zwaartekracht van de aarde, en het is precies dit dat de nabije toekomst van 2024 PT5 zal zijn.
Asteroïde 2024 PT5, onze nieuwe mini-maan
NASA/JPL-Caltech/Wikimedia commons - Public domain
Het ruimtegesteente in kwestie is slechts tien meter breed, waardoor het observeren ervan zonder speciale telescopen een nogal moeilijke onderneming is. Hoe dan ook zal 2024 PT5 eind deze maand onze Maan gezelschap houden, die al zo'n vier miljard jaar een satelliet van onze planeet is, totdat hij terugkeert naar zijn thuisbasis, een asteroïdengordel die rond de zon draait en de aarde volgt.
Deze verschijnselen zijn niet zo zeldzaam, aangezien er niet veel decennia verstrijken tussen het verschijnen van de ene mini-maan en de andere. Een nieuwe studie heeft echter de komst van de volgende dergelijke gebeurtenis aangekondigd door interessante informatie te verstrekken. Carlos de la Fuente Marcos, professor aan de Universidad Complutense en hoofdauteur van het werk, legde uit dat het kleine hemellichaam tot de secundaire Arjuna-asteroïdengordel behoort, die bestaat uit ruimtegesteenten die banen volgen die vergelijkbaar zijn met die van de aarde, met een afstand tot de zon van ongeveer 150 miljoen kilometer.
Mini-maan 2024 PT5: zal het te zien zijn?
Planetoïden en kometen uit de Arjuna-gordel kunnen ons langzaam naderen met een snelheid van ongeveer 3.540 km per uur, waarbij ze zich op een afstand van 4,5 miljoen km bevinden. Op dat punt kan de geocentrische energie van het ruimteobject negatief worden, waardoor het in alle opzichten een tijdelijke aardse mini-maan wordt.
2024 PT5 zal geen volledige baan om onze planeet maken, maar zoals gezegd na twee maanden terugkeren naar de basis. Bij andere soortgelijke fenomenen kunnen mini-manen langer blijven, één of meer volledige banen maken en dan meerdere jaren blijven. Zodra zijn werk is voltooid, zal PT5 uit 2024 uit de baan van de aarde worden verdreven en teruggebracht naar die van de zon, waardoor deze door verstoringen van de zwaartekracht zal verdwijnen.
Hij is niet alleen niet met het blote oog te zien, maar zelfs amateurtelescopen zullen hem waarschijnlijk niet kunnen waarnemen vanwege zijn kleine formaat. Professionele astronomische instrumenten met een minimale diameter van 76 cm, uitgerust met een CCD- of CMOS-detector, zullen het echter wel mogelijk maken om het magische schouwspel van de tijdelijke mini-maan vast te leggen.
China’s top-secret spaceplane has released a mysterious object into Earth’s orbit just 372 miles above the surface.
The US Space Force is monitoring the situation, but the purpose of the object ejected on May 24 is unknown.
A Harvard astrophysicist first spotted the object, speculating it could be a subsatellite deployment, or a piece of hardware ejected before the spaceplane ends its mission and deorbits.
The craft - named Shenlong after a spirit dragon from Chinese mythology - launched last December and has since been found to release several objects into orbit with some sending strong signals over North America.
China ’s top-secret spaceplane has released a mysterious object into Earth’s orbit just 372 miles above the surface. The US Space Force is monitoring the situation, but the purpose of the object ejected on May 24 is unknown
The craft launched one day after the US scrubbed the flight of its ‘spy’ plane, which the US Space Force chief said was 'no coincidence.'
'It's probably no coincidence that they're trying to match us in timing and sequence of this,' General Chance Saltzman, Space Force's Chief of Space Operations, said.
And while China’s spaceplane has since fallen under the radar, the mysterious object is raising concerns.
Jonathan McDowell, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, first spotted the object and shared his findings on X.
‘This object could be a subsatellite deployment, or it could be a piece of hardware ejected prior to end of the mission and deorbit (the spaceplane's first flight did something similar),’ McDowell shared.
‘Will be interesting to see if the plane maneuvers or lands soon.’
China’s spaceplane is currently on its third mission, and US officials have said that its capabilities are somewhat similar to America's X-37B (pictured) that launched on December 29, 2023
'I.e., on higher elevation passes over me, there are no signals, but on ocean-hugging passes to my southwest, all of my observations of the object have occurred.'
Tilley has teamed up with a group in Switzerland that specializes in optical-band space surveillance, and the collaboration has been keeping a close eye on the plane since it launched on December 15.
The launch followed more than two weeks of false starts and delays attributed to poor weather and unspecified technical issues, leading ground crews to roll the spacecraft back to its hangar.
It came two weeks after China's spaceplane launched on its third mission to orbit since 2020.
The US Boeing-built vehicle, roughly the size of a small bus and resembling a miniature space shuttle, is built to deploy various payloads and conduct technology experiments on years-long orbital flights.
The planned duration of the latest X-37B mission was not made public, but it will presumably run until June 2026 or later, given the prevailing pattern of successively longer flights.
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China's Shenlong Spaceplane Raises Questions with Mysterious Object Release
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Chinese spacecraft drops mystery object 600 km above Earth's surface | Gravitas LIVE | WION
An amateur astronomer believes he has captured the first image of an ultra-secretive US spacecraft.
Felix Schöfbänker, from Austria, claims to have photographed a classified fleet of spy satellites operated by a shadowy DoD agency to hunt international terrorists, drug dealers and crime lords for the US government.
The (Future Imagery Architecture) FIA-Radars, also called Topaz, are five craft made by Boeing which are powerful enough to provide high definition imaging of targets on the ground 24 hours of the day.
Using a telescope built to track and photograph satellites, Schöfbänker observed 'things that either were not known or only were speculated before' - including their size, shape and position in the sky.
The space watcher shared what could be the only images of America's secretive spy satellites Pictured is a a Future Imagery Architecture satellite (FIA-Radars), nicknamed Topaz
The (Future Imagery Architecture) FIA-Radars, also called Topaz, are five craft made by Boeing which are powerful enough to provide high definition imaging of targets on the ground 24 hours of the day (a mock up is pictured)
The US launched its first spy satellite, CORONA, in 1960 to photograph adversaries in China and the Soviet Union with a focus on how rapidly the latter was producing long-range bombers and ballistic missiles and where they were being deployed.
The satellite imagery captured all Soviet medium-range, intermediate-range, and intercontinental ballistic missile launching complexes.
'Without CORONA, the US may well have been misguidedly pressured into a World War III,' the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) shared in a statement.
The sky watcher recently shared his discoveries with Space.com, detailing mechanics and technologies he observed.
His telescope, a Dobsonian, spotted several FIA-Radars fitted with a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which enables the US to beam radar through clouds, foliage and shallow soil.
The images are taken by sending microwave pulses to the Earth's surface and measuring the reflected signals.
Topaz is a series of five satellites developed by Boeing, with the first launching in 2010 and the last in 2018.
The US government has been secretive about the capabilities, only sharing details that Topaz 1 had a nuclear power system, an attitude control system and a cylindrical monocoque aluminum structure.
While it is unclear which model Schöfbänker observed, he was able to make out other details.
'From my images, I conclude that these satellites have a parabolic mesh antenna which is roughly 12 meters [39 feet] in diameter, and two solar panels with roughly 10 meters [33 feet] of wingspan,' he told Space.com.
Topaz, developed by Boeing, includes a series of five satellites used to collect intelligence on the ground. Felix Schöfbänker, from Austria, spotted all five orbiting in space
The satellites capture by sending microwave pulses to the Earth's surface and measuring the reflected signals
'There also is another bright object between the solar panels that I interpret as an up-and down-link antenna, though this also might be something else.'
Schöfbänker continued to explain that the satellite's antenna moved six times to the left and 22 times to the right during his observations.
Also in his sights was a few KH-11 satellites, which convert light into electronic signals.
Another satellite, the KH-11, was also snapped, which was the first to provide real-time intelligence of officials
Donald Trump shared a declassified image of an Iranian rocket launch site captured by a KH-11 that launched in 2011 while he was president in 2019
The KH-11, developed by Lockheed Martin, is believed to use a seven-foot prime mirror that allows the satellite to identify objects as small as three inches across.
The first KH-11 launched in December 1976, allowing the first real-time collection of intelligence as it previously took days or even weeks for photos.
The need for real-time observations was often stated by officials during key events like the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Six-Day War or the invasion of Czechoslovakia.
In 2019, Donald Trump, president at the time, shared a declassified image of an Iranian rocket launch site captured by a KH-11 that launched in 2011.
There are four of these satellites in orbit.
'The oldest one currently up there was launched in 2005. It is a third-generation KH-11 with the name USA 186. The next two are called USA 224 and USA 245, and these are the fourth generation from 2011 and 2013,' Schöfbänker said.
'The newest one is a fifth-generation spacecraft from 2021 and is called USA 314.'
His observations suggested that they were about 36 feet long, with mirrors ranging in size depending on the generation.
Another satellite, however, is the unknown type. Schöfbänker suggested it was a USA 290, which officials have kept under wraps
The space watcher determined there were three generations of KH-11 orbiting above, with the fourth's mirror measuring nearly 10 feet across.
On July 20, Schöfbänker uploaded a timelapse of a satellite on his website, which may be one of the most secretive in America's arsenal.
Schöfbänker suggested it was a USA 290 or another KH-11, but noted that images did not match up with the latter and the two were launched into different orbits.
Based on the observations, he determined that the spacecraft featured a 16-foot-long panel and had a total size of around 31 feet.
The USA 290 also captures intelligence in real-time, but that is all that is known about America's secretive spy satellite.
Out of this world! Inventor builds a fully functional flying saucer-inspired jet boat - as incredible footage shows the vehicle reaching 31mph as it skims across the water
Out of this world! Inventor builds a fully functional flying saucer-inspired jet boat - as incredible footage shows the vehicle reaching 31mph as it skims across the water
Vietnamese inventor Trang Long Ho builds a UFO-shaped jet boat from scratch
The fibreglass vessel is capable of reaching top speeds of up to 31 mph (50km/h)
While Mr Ho's creation might look futuristic, it actually begins with some very basic materials.
In a video documenting the building process, he begins by building up a model out of sand in the shape of the UFO's top section.
This sand mould is then covered with a thin layer of concrete to create a hard shell, over which Mr Ho and his team layer sheets of fibreglass and epoxy.
Once the fibreglass has been set, the builders are able to lift up the structure and chip away the concrete to leave a thin, light hull.
Next, the hull is reinforced with a lattice of fibreglass ridges and hexagons before the process is repeated to create the bottom hull where the engines are installed.
Mr Ho then creates cutouts for a series of hexagonal windows and sliding door panels.
Mr Ho begins by sculpting a UFO shape out of sand which he uses to make a concrete mould
By layering fibreglass over the mould, the builders create a dish-like shape. Mr Ho then attaches a pattern of hexagonal boards to provide structure and mark the location of future panels
Using a cleverly designed mechanism, the doors are able to open and slide to the sides just like you might imagine a real spaceship.
With the overall structure in place, Mr Ho turns his attention to the electronics and controls.
LED strips are used to provide a futuristic glow around the panels and a steering wheel, pedals, and dashboard are installed within the cockpit.
In the video, you can also see as Mr Ho solders dozens of small solar panel segments into large panels which are installed on the outside of the craft.
Since we don't see Mr Ho install a battery system it is likely that these are used to power the lights and electronic doors.
Once the fibreglass has dried, the process is repeated to create a similar bottom layer where the engine is installed
The boat is fitted with sliding doors and lined with grey material to make it more comfortable
The small cockpit features a steering wheel, pedals, and a dashboard complete with speedometer and light-up controls
After a final lick of paint and some last pieces of decoration, the flying saucer is complete and ready to test.
The video shows as Mr Ho - who has to recline quite far back to fit in the low cockpit - races along a river at high speeds of 31 mph (50km/h), according to Vietnamese news outlet Tuoi Tre News.
Part of the craft's bottom section is shaped like a conventional flat-bottomed boat which gives the round vessel more directional control.
However, the ride still looks far from smooth as the boat often lurches backwards and leaps out of the water before jolting back down.
The UFO-shaped boat is completed with a coating of grey paint. Mr Ho also installs a series of solar panels on the upper surface to provide power for the doors and lights
On social media, commenters expressed their amazement at this impressive feat of nautical engineering.
One viewer wrote: 'I am an old retired engineer. I have designed a lot of things in my time, but this is the coolest thing I have ever seen!'
'Never in my life have I seen so much talent in one individual. You are a gift to all mankind. Thank you so much for your inspiration and creativity,' wrote another.
While another enthusiastic commenter wrote: 'You are an alien from the space. That's how you made a boat spaceship from scratch! No human could do what you did!'
The electronic doors of the vessel open with the press of a button and allow the pilot to enter. On the doors, a message reads: 'The universe is vast and life is endless'
Mr Ho is seen driving his boat at high speeds on a river. There is not a lot of room in the craft but the pilot is able to see through the small windows
If you were thinking about getting a UFO boat of your own, the bad news is that Mr Ho says he doesn't make products for commercial sale.
However, in a post on his Facebook fan page translated from Vietnamese Mr Ho writes: 'The works I do are mainly recording videos for entertainment, but anyone who likes to buy then I will sell them to get the money for accessories to invest for new and more interesting videos!'
Referring to an older jet boat, Mr Ho said that it was 'somewhere around 20 million' adding 'If you like it, just message me.'
Assuming that Mr Ho means 20 million Vietnamese Dong, that would be the equivalent of roughly £612 ($814).
Mr Ho is yet to say whether his latest UFO-shaped creation has been sold, so there could still be time to grab yourself a bargain.
Hundreds of residents were left in awe when they spotted a mysterious object hovering over their city.
Normally, such objects are spotted in the dead of night, but this one in the western Mexican city of Guadalajara was in broad daylight last Friday.
'Here comes my flying saucer customer,' Eduardo Chavez, the owner of a rims and tire shop, could be heard saying in the background in one video showing it hovering over his shop that's had 6.3 million views
'He's coming for rims and tires... At your service. Take a look at whatever you like.'
An object resembling a UFO was spotted floating around the western Mexican city of Guadalajara last week. A video recording went viral on the TikTok account of a rims and tire shop owner, who invited the 'aliens' over for a visit
A resident in Mexico records the moment an object, which many believed was a UFO, flew through the skies of western city of Guadalajara last week
A second video with more than 1.7 million views showed what appeared to be the same object flying at a lower altitude under a white patch of clouds.
"When I saw it I was impressed but as the minutes went by, I saw it as normal and that's when I made the video," Chavez told DailyMail.com on Thursday.
'There is another UFO that passes very fast behind the one that is still,' one TikToker commented. 'You have to pause the video a couple of times till you see it. It's way too fast.'
'Every civilization evolves at the precipice of destruction,' another TikTok user said. 'Maybe the influx in sightings means we're either almost completely wiped out or on the verge of a species wide evolution.'
Eduardo Chávez went viral last week when he recorded what people believe to have been a flying saucer hovering in a neighborhood in the Mexican town of Guadalajara. Chávez used the sighting as a chance to promote his small business, where he sells rims and tires
'There are a few flying around in the clouds in background moving like gravity doesn't exist pulling insane maneuvers!' another person added.
Some TikTokers thought the video was a clever way to promote in his small business.
'The people studying Marketing for years and this guy blew them away,' one person quipped.
'Is he aware that if the UFO is real it made a very possibly unbeatable commercial?' another commented.
Chavez, who believes 'that there is more life beyond the Earth,' wished he would have made an appearance in the video.
"My TikTok (followers) increased but the business (activity) did not because I did not provide the location and I did not record myself," he said.
One TikToker joked: 'He said they took the wheels off the UFOs when they came to ask for directions.'
Another chimed in: 'Some of them probably live on earth with us, but in a different dimension and go to this dimension, but don't really care about us lol.'
UFO seen by thousands hovering over Mexican city in the middle of the day...
The mysterious specimen caught attention due to its potential ability to cause levitation, sparking curiosity and further investigation.
Ever since humanity began contemplating life beyond Earth, we’ve been captivated by the possibility of extraterrestrial civilizations. So when an unusual metallic shard surfaced, rumored to have originated from an alien spacecraft, it sparked widespread curiosity. The mysterious fragment said to have fallen to Earth in 1947 during the infamous Roswell incident, has undergone extensive examination—leading some to believe it could be evidence of alien technology.
While the Roswell event was ultimately attributed to a U.S. Air Force balloon used to monitor Soviet nuclear activities, the debate around the true origins of this metal piece continued for decades. The sample came into the hands of UFO enthusiasts, including Tom DeLonge, former frontman of Blink-182, through his To the Stars Academy. DeLonge’s organization researches unexplained phenomena, and this particular metal shard appeared to have properties that suggested it wasn’t from our planet.
A Closer Look at the Shard: Is It Earthly or Alien?
The strange object is primarily composed of magnesium and zinc, along with small amounts of bismuth and lead. To investigate its origins, the U.S. government’s All-Domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) tasked the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) with conducting a detailed analysis. ORNL, a research institution originally established during WWII, has historically been involved in nuclear energy research, but it also has experience analyzing materials believed to be extraterrestrial.
AARO’s mission was to determine if the object was from Earth or if it could have extraterrestrial roots, specifically whether the shard could act as a terahertz waveguide—a structure that directs electromagnetic waves. This would potentially align with theories suggesting that alien technology could use advanced waveguides for purposes like levitation or propulsion. However, the findings painted a different picture.
Analysis Results
The mysterious artifact is said to be from an alien spacecarft. Credit: To the Stars Academy.
In 2022, ORNL conducted a thorough isotopic analysis of the shard. This method allowed scientists to identify the specific isotopic signatures of the metals in the alloy. By comparing the sample’s magnesium and lead isotopes with known isotopic ranges on Earth, the scientists confirmed that the metal had a terrestrial origin. The isotope ratios of magnesium, unique to Earth’s solar system, indicated that the metal likely formed within our region of space, specifically in a star-forming zone.
Further studies revealed that the shard’s structure had undergone some degree of fractionation, a process where lighter and heavier isotopes separate due to extreme heat or stress during manufacturing. However, the material remained within the range of Earth’s naturally occurring isotopic patterns, strongly suggesting that this fragment wasn’t a product of alien technology.
In fact, the shard’s chemical structure was similar to magnesium alloys commonly used during the post-WWII era. Magnesium alloys were poorly understood at the time, and the unusual mixture of elements in the shard could be the result of early research into creating stronger and lighter aircraft materials.
One of the most intriguing aspects of the analysis centered on the presence of bismuth in the shard. Bismuth is a metal known for its ability to guide terahertz waves, which are emitted by energy sources and can be used in various technologies, including communication devices. In theory, if the bismuth in the shard were pure and layered correctly, it could act as a terahertz waveguide, potentially allowing for the levitation of objects.
However, the bismuth in the shard wasn’t pure—it contained traces of lead and was layered in a way that disrupted its ability to function as a proper waveguide. This key finding reduced the likelihood that the shard was extraterrestrial in origin.
The Verdict: A Fascinating but Earthly Find
After months of speculation and analysis, ORNL concluded that the shard was likely created on Earth. According to the report, the object was “manufactured terrestrially, albeit with an uncommon mixture of elements.” Despite the unusual properties and composition, the shard does not exhibit any biosignatures or technosignatures that would suggest it was alien in origin.
To the Stars Academy has since issued a statement acknowledging the findings but also expressing their desire for further investigation. The organization pointed out that while the reports confirm the material’s terrestrial origin, some anomalies remain unexplained. As a result, they are eager to continue their research in collaboration with ORNL.
While this particular shard may not be the smoking gun for alien technology, the investigation represents a significant step forward in understanding unexplained phenomena. Every time scientists rule out terrestrial origins for strange objects, it narrows down the possibilities, bringing us closer to discovering what truly lies beyond our planet.
Speculation about alien life has long captivated our imaginations, and while this shard likely belongs to Earth, it doesn’t mean the search for extraterrestrial technology is over. As science advances, so too will our ability to investigate the mysteries of the universe with greater precision. The search continues, and with each investigation, we get one step closer to unlocking the secrets of the cosmos.
What do you think? Could future discoveries finally give us the answers we seek about extraterrestrial life?
Planetary Scientists Create Global Map of Volcanic Hotspots on Io
Planetary Scientists Create Global Map of Volcanic Hotspots on Io
Io is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System. Io’s volcanoes are powered by both the extreme tides from Jupiter and the gravitational interactions between it and Jupiter’s other moons. These tides generate friction inside Io. Using data from an infrared camera on NASA’s Juno orbiter called the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM), planetary researchers at Cornell University have mapped where Io’s volcanoes are producing the most power and compared that to where scientists expect higher heat flow from the interior models. They found that Io has active volcanoes at its poles that may help to regulate tidal heating in its magma interior.
These are maps of the global volcanic flux on Io in an equirectangular projection, showing the averaged volcanic flux in milliwatts per square meter per steradian (the most common units for volcanic flux on Io). The top is on a linear scale while the bottom is on a logarithmic color scale. The colored bars and the line plots beside each map show the average flux projected horizontally (to the right of each map) and the average flux projected vertically (below each map) to show trends in flux by latitude and longitude.
Image credit: Pettine et al., doi: 10.1029/2023GL105782.
Io, the innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter and the most volcanically active body in the Solar System, is a unique resource for studying volcanism outside Earth and tidally-generated volcanism.
Despite its importance in the development of the worlds of the outer Solar System (and beyond), tidal heating remains relatively unconstrained.
In fact, the existence of volcanism powered entirely through extreme tidal forces and strong orbital resonances was only proposed and discovered in the last five decades.
“Tidal heating plays an important role in the heating and orbital evolution of celestial bodies,” said Cornell University’s Professor Alex Hayes.
“It provides the warmth necessary to form and sustain subsurface oceans in the moons around giant planets like Jupiter and Saturn.”
“Studying the inhospitable landscape of Io’s volcanoes actually inspires science to look for life,” said Madeline Pettine, a doctoral student at Cornell University.
By examining the JIRAM data from 11 Juno orbits, the authors found that Io has active volcanoes at its poles that may help to regulate tidal heating in its magma interior.
“I’m trying to match the pattern of volcanoes on Io and the heat flow that they’re producing with the heat flow we expected from theoretical models,” Pettine said.
This image from NASA’s Galileo spacecraft shows a volcanic explosion on Io.
Image credit: NASA / JPL / University of Arizon.
Using a mathematical equation called spherical harmonic decomposition, a way of understanding round objects, the researchers broke down Juno’s flyby maps to establish complex volcanic surface patterns.
They found a surprising number of active volcanoes at Io’s poles, as opposed to the more-common equatorial regions.
“I’m not solving tidal heating with this one paper. However, if you think about icy moons in the outer Solar System, other moons like Jupiter’s Europa, or Saturn’s Titan and Enceladus, they’re the places that if we’re going to find life in the Solar System, it will be one of those places,” Pettine said.
“The interior liquid water oceans in the icy moons may be kept liquefied by tidal heating.”
“We need to know how the heat is being generated. It’s easier to study tidal heating on a volcanic world rather than peering through a kilometers-thick ice shell that’s keeping the heat covered up.”
According to the scientists, both pole regions of Io have active volcanoes.
In the north, a cluster of four volcanoes — Asis, Zal, Tonatiuh, one unnamed and an independent one named Loki — were highly active and persistent with a long history of space mission and ground-based observations.
A southern group, the volcanoes Kanehekili, Uta and Laki-Oi demonstrated strong activity.
The long-lived quartet of northern volcanoes concurrently became bright and seemed to respond to one another.
“They all got bright and then dim at a comparable pace,” Pettine said.
“It’s interesting to see volcanoes and seeing how they respond to each other.”
The study was published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
M. Pettine et al. 2024. JIRAM Observations of Volcanic Flux on Io: Distribution and Comparison to Tidal Heat Flow Models. Geophysical Research Letters 51 (17): e2023GL105782; doi: 10.1029/2023GL105782
Een Afrikaanse grotschildering kan volgens een nieuwe studie een uitgestorven wezen voorstellen dat miljoenen jaren voor ons leefde. Dit is wat het volgens de onderzoekers zou zijn.
Het uitgestorven dier geschilderd door de San
PLOSE ONE
Op een rotswand in het Karoo-bekken, in Zuid-Afrika, is een vreemd dier afgebeeld met naar beneden gerichte slagtanden, blauw gekleurd. Deze rotskunst is tussen 1821 en 1835 gemaakt door de inheemse San-bevolking.
Archeologen vroegen zich bij het bekijken van de tekening af of het het resultaat was van de fantasie en dus een mythologisch wezen voorstelde, maar een nieuwe studie beweert het antwoord te hebben gevonden: de tekening zou in werkelijkheid geïnspireerd kunnen zijn door een soort die daadwerkelijk bestond en 250 miljoen jaar geleden uitstierf, lang vóór de mens.
Als dit inderdaad het geval zou zijn, zou dit betekenen dat de stammen van zuidelijk Afrika over meer geavanceerde paleontologische kennis beschikten dan we ons konden voorstellen. Maar wat is het prehistorische dier dat de San inspireerde?
De inheemse San waren mogelijk geïnspireerd door de Dicynodontia
Viliam Simko/Wikimedia commons - CC BY-SA 4.0
Julien Benoit van het Evolutionary Studies Institute, Universiteit van de Witwatersrand, die het onderzoek uitvoerde, is van mening dat het afgebeelde dier is geïnspireerd op het fossiel van de dicynodontia, een zeer robuust plantenetend dier dat in Zuid-Afrika leefde. De grotschildering, die “het paneel met de hoornslang” wordt genoemd, lijkt op geen enkele andere hedendaagse diersoort.
Hoewel hij misschien op een walrus lijkt, leeft deze laatste dichtbij de Noordpool en zeker niet in zuidelijk Afrika. Zelfs als het een figuur is die voortkomt uit de verbeelding van het San-volk, komen mythologische wezens gewoonlijk voort uit de werkelijkheid en halen ze inspiratie uit feitelijk bestaande dieren. Om deze reden geloven onderzoekers dat er concreet bewijs is dat het San-volk erin geslaagd is om fossielen van de dicynodontia te identificeren en deze tijdens lange reizen van de ene plek naar de andere te verplaatsen. Bovendien zijn experts van mening dat verschillende uitgestorven diersoorten opdoken in de cultuur van deze stam.
Dicynodontia uit Zuid-Afrika, een regendier?
In 1905 werd in een verslag dat in de studie wordt genoemd, verwezen naar de woorden van de San bosjesmannen die beschreven hoe hun voorouders omgingen met “enorme monsterachtige beesten, groter dan de olifant of het nijlpaard”. De dicynodontia dateren echter van ver voor het verschijnen van de mens, dus deze mensen waren zich bewust van het bestaan van uitgestorven wezens in de oudheid. Hoewel dit slechts een veronderstelling is, stelt Benoit dat “het dier met de slagtanden op het paneel met de gehoornde slang waarschijnlijk werd afgebeeld als een regendier, wat betekent dat het waarschijnlijk betrokken was bij ceremonies waarbij dit atmosferische fenomeen een rol speelde”.
De San komen namelijk tijdens rituelen om regen aan te trekken in een geestestoestand die hen in staat stelt om een andere dimensie te bereiken om regendieren te pakken en naar onze wereld te brengen. “Door een soort als de dicynodontia te kiezen, waarvan ze wisten dat hij uitgestorven was, hoopten ze waarschijnlijk dat dit regendier meer kracht zou hebben om als brug tussen de twee werelden te fungeren.”
Al met al is de inheemse kennis van het verleden veel nauwkeuriger dan werd vermoed, als je bedenkt dat de wetenschappelijke erkenning van de dicynodontia dateert van 1840, een paar jaar nadat de rotskunst werd gemaakt.
The Mariana Trench is one of the most mysterious places on Earth.
Measuring almost seven miles (37,000ft) deep, the trench sits on the floor of the Pacific Ocean and is so difficult to reach that just a handful of people have ventured down there.
So it's no surprise that unusual sounds coming from the Mariana Trench sparked fears of an alien invasion when they were first recorded back in 2014.
Lasting between 2.5 and 3.5 seconds, the noises were dubbed 'biotwangs', yet their source was unknown.
Ten years later, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have reanalysed the sounds - and believe they've finally revealed the truth.
The Mariana Trench (artist's impression) is one of the most mysterious places on Earth
Mariana Trench: The deepest trench on Earth
The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands.
The trench is 1,580 miles (2,550 km) long but has an average width of only 43 miles (69 km).
The distance between the surface of the ocean and the trench's deepest point, the Challenger Deep is nearly 7 miles (11 km).
Director James Cameron became the first solo diver to reach the bottom of Challenger Deep in 2012.
The eerie noises were first recorded in 2014 by underwater gliders, which were being used to carry out acoustic surveys of the trench.
Lasting between 2.5 and 3.5 seconds, the five-part sounds included deep moans at frequencies as low as 38 hertz and a finale that pushed as high as 8,000 hertz.
Researchers were initially baffled by the noises.
However, in 2016, a team from Oregon State University (OSU) suggested that they could be a new type of previously unheard baleen whale call.
Speaking at the time, Sharon Nieukirk, senior faculty research assistant in marine bioacoustics at Oregon State, said: 'It's very distinct, with all these crazy parts.
'The low-frequency moaning part is typical of baleen whales, and it's that kind of twangy sound that makes it really unique.
'We don't find many new baleen whale calls.'
Now, scientists have reanalysed the noises using a combination of visual and acoustic survey data – and their findings suggest that the OSU team wasn't far off.
Measuring almost seven miles (37,000ft) deep, the Mariana Trench sits on the floor of the Pacific Ocean and is so difficult to reach that just a handful of people have ventured down there
The eerie noises were first recorded in 2014 by underwater gliders, which were being used to carry out acoustic surveys of the trench. Lasting between 2.5 and 3.5 seconds, the five-part sounds included deep moans at frequencies as low as 38 hertz and a finale that pushed as high as 8,000 hertz
Rather than being produced by baleen whales, the new study suggests that Bryde's whales are responsible.
In a study published in the Frontiers in Marine Science journal, the team, led by Dr Ann Allen, explained: 'It was assumed to be produced by a baleen whale, but without visual verification it was impossible to assign a species.
'Using a combination of visual and acoustic survey data collected in the Mariana Archipelago, we determined that Biotwangs are produced by Bryde's whales.'
Bryde's whales can be found around the world in warm, temperate oceans including the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific.
Bryde's whales can be found around the world in warm, temperate oceans including the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific
The unusual sounds coming from the Mariana Trench sparked fears of an alien invasion when they were first recorded back in 2014
The researchers spotted ten of the whales swimming in the area, and even recorded nine making the distinctive noises.
However, to prove these whales were indeed the source, the team turned to artificial intelligence.
'We used a combination of manual and machine learning annotation methods to detect Biotwangs in our extensive historical passive acoustic monitoring datasets collected across the central and western North Pacific,' they explained in the study.
'We identified a consistent seasonal presence of Biotwangs in the Mariana Archipelago and to the east at Wake Island, with occasional occurrence as far away as the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and near the equator (Howland Island).'
The team still doesn't know why the whales' calls are so unusual, or why they're being made in the first place.
However, speaking to Popular Science, Dr Allen suggested: 'It's possible that they use the biotwang as a contact call, a sort of "Marco Polo" of the ocean.
'But we need more information before we can say for sure.'
Natuurwonderen die per toeval zijn ontstaan De trekpleisters die je in deze galerij zult zien, zijn natuurlijke wonderen die puur per toeval zijn ontstaan, hetzij door toedoen van de mens, hetzij door niet vaak voorkomende natuurverschijnselen. Het zijn ware pareltjes waar toeristen van over de hele wereld versteld van staan.
Dark Hedges (Noord-Ierland) Deze prachtige weg met beukenbomen is wereldwijd de enige in zijn soort. Dit sprookjesachtige natuurwonder ligt langs Bregagh Road, een weg tussen de dorpjes Armoy en Stranocum in Noord-Ierland.
Dark Hedges (Noord-Ierland) De bomen werden een paar jaar geleden door een familie geplant, met als doel om de weg naar hun landhuis te versieren. Dat leidde tot dit bijzondere natuurwonder.
Fly Geyser (Verenigde Staten) Deze buitengewone natuurlijke bezienswaardigheid in Nevada (Verenigde Staten) ontstond in 1916 per toeval tijdens het boren van waterputten.
Fly Geyser (Verenigde Staten) Pas in de jaren zestig, toen er werd gezocht naar bronnen van geothermische energie, begon de geiser een hete vloeistof vol met opgeloste mineralen en bacteriën de lucht in te spuiten.
Fly Geyser (Verenigde Staten) Dit rode en groene wonder is vandaag de dag een van de bijzonderste natuurverschijnselen ter wereld. Zijn zeldzame vorm maakt hem buiten gewoon mooi.
Blue Pond (Japan) Deze kunstmatige lagune ligt vlak bij het dorp Biei, gelegen op het eiland Hokkaido. Hij ontstond door werkzaamheden aan de Biei-rivier, die werden uitgevoerd na de uitbarsting van de Tokachi-vulkaan in 1988. Het doel was om de stad te beschermen tegen vulkanische modderstromen.
Tunnel of Love (Oekraïne) Deze indrukwekkende, zeven kilometer lange tunnel is door de natuur ontstaan en wordt door de inwoners van het Oekraïense plaatsje Klevan 'de tunnel van de liefde' genoemd.
Tunnel of Love (Oekraïne) De plek is vooral onder koppels een trekpleister geworden. Volgens de legende bewijzen ze dat ze elkaars ware liefde zijn wanneer ze hand in hand door de tunnel lopen.
Ruskeala (Rusland) Ongeveer 250 jaar geleden stortte een groot deel van een van de groeven in en het gebied eromheen kwam onder water te staan, wat ze gevormd heeft tot hoe ze nu zijn. Sindsdien kan dit natuurwonder bezocht worden door toeristen van over de hele wereld.
Krater van Derweze (Turkmenistan) Deze mysterieuze krater, die plaatselijk bekend staat als 'de poort naar de hel', werd per ongeluk gecreëerd door Sovjet-geologen. Ze staken hem in brand om de verspreiding van methaangas te voorkomen.
Krater van Derweze (Turkmenistan) De oranje vlammen hebben een diameter van ongeveer 70 meter en veroorzaken een sterke zwavelachtige geur. Het verschijnsel maakt indruk op toeristen van over de hele wereld en blijft voor geologen een mysterie.
Las Médulas (Spanje) Dit verbazingwekkende berglandschap is een historische locatie waar goud werd gewonnen. Het was de grootste bovengrondse goudmijn in het hele Romeinse Rijk.
Ojos del Salar (Chili) Deze twee indrukwekkende lagunes in het zoutmeer Salar de Atacama zijn ontstaan door een door mensen uitgevoerd geologisch onderzoek.
Hamilton Pool (Verenigde Staten) Bij de Hamilton Pool was er geen sprake menselijk handelen, maar van het werk van de natuur. Hij ontstond duizenden jaren geleden, toen het dak van een grot instortte als gevolg van grootschalige erosie.
Hamilton Pool (Verenigde Staten) Het gevolg was een ware oase van kristalhelder water en prachtige vegetatie, die toeristen van over de hele wereld trekt. De Hamilton Pool ligt in de buurt van Austin (Verenigde Staten).
To Sua Ocean Trench (Samoa) Dit mooie 'zwemgat' is ontstaan als gevolg van watererosie. Het is een magische plek die toeristen uit alle hoeken van de wereld lokt.
Great Blue Hole (Belize) Dit schitterende 'blauwe gat' is een enorme onderwatergrot. De perfect gevormde cirkel is iets meer dan 300 meter breed en 124 meter diep. Hij ontstond tienduizenden jaren geleden, toen de zeespiegel veel lager was dan nu.
Zhangye Danxia (China) Deze bijzondere, kleurrijke rotsformaties, die uit zandsteen en andere mineralen bestaan, ontstonden meer dan 24 miljoen jaar geleden.
Pamukkale (Turkije) De kalkterrassen bij Pamukkale zijn het resultaat van warmwaterbronnen die eronder liggen. De bronnen stootten calciumcarbonaat uit dat later hard werd, waardoor uiteindelijk deze terrassen ontstonden.
Pamukkale (Turkije) Deze gigantische bassins met water, dat van een helling afloopt, liggen in de buurt van Denizli en zijn een van de meest bijzondere bezienswaardigheden van Turkije.
Een nieuwe ontdekking zet onze opvattingen over de geschiedenis van de aarde op zijn kop. Onderzoekers hebben namelijk bewijs gevonden voor een ringsysteem dat 466 miljoen jaar geleden is gevormd.
Deze ring is ontstaan aan het begin van een periode met uitzonderlijk hevige en langdurige meteorietinslagen. Dat blijkt uit reconstructies van de plaattektoniek in het Ordovicium, een geologische periode die duurde van 485 tot 443 miljoen jaar geleden. De onderzoekers ontdekten dat 21 inslagkraters van asteroïden uit die tijd zich binnen 30 graden van de evenaar bevonden, terwijl meer dan 70 procent van de aarde daarbuiten ligt.
Een ring rond de aarde
Dat is eigenlijk te toevallig. Er moest daarom een andere verklaring zijn. Die lijkt nu gevonden. Waarschijnlijk is een hele grote asteroïde zo dicht langs de aarde gescheerd dat hij de Rochelimiet passeerde en door getijdenkrachten uiteenviel. De Rochelimiet is de afstand waarbinnen een hemellichaam dat door zijn eigen zwaartekracht bijeen blijft, uit elkaar valt door de getijdenkrachten. Dat is dus vermoedelijk gebeurd met een enorme asteroïde, waardoor een ring van puin ontstond rond onze planeet, vergelijkbaar met de ringen die we tegenwoordig kennen van gasreuzen als Saturnus.
“Gedurende miljoenen jaren viel materiaal uit deze ring geleidelijk op aarde, wat de piek in meteorietinslagen verklaart die in het geologische archief zijn waargenomen”, legt hoofdonderzoeker professor Andy Tomkins uit van de Monash University. “We zien ook dat lagen in sedimentaire gesteenten uit deze periode abnormale hoeveelheden meteorietpuin bevatten.”
Impact op klimaat
Het interessante is dat deze ring van puin mogelijk impact heeft gehad op het klimaat in die tijd. De ring wierp vermoedelijk een schaduw over de aarde, waardoor zonlicht werd geblokkeerd. Dat heeft wellicht bijgedragen aan de wereldwijde afkoeling, die bekendstaat als de Hirnantiene ijstijd.
Deze periode tegen het eind van het Ordovocium was een van de koudste in de afgelopen 500 miljoen jaar. “Het idee dat een ringsysteem de mondiale temperaturen heeft beïnvloed, maakt het nog complexer om te begrijpen hoe buitenaardse gebeurtenissen mogelijk het klimaat van de aarde hebben gevormd”, reageert professor Tomkins.
Gelijkmatig verdeeld
Normaal gesproken slaan asteroïden op willekeurige locaties in, dus zien we inslagkraters die gelijkmatig zijn verdeeld over bijvoorbeeld de maan en Mars. Om te onderzoeken of de verdeling van de Ordovicium-inslagkraters niet-willekeurig is en ze dus allemaal dichter bij de evenaar liggen dan je op basis van toeval zou verwachten, berekenden de onderzoekers het continentale oppervlak waarop kraters uit die tijd nog terug te vinden zijn.
Ze richtten zich op stabiele, onverstoorde kratons (zeer oude stukken aardkorst, die al heel lang tektonisch stabiel zijn) met gesteenten die ouder zijn dan het midden van de Ordoviciumperiode. Gebieden die onder sedimenten of ijs begraven zijn, geërodeerd zijn of zijn aangetast door tektonische activiteit, werden uitgesloten. Zo identificeerden de onderzoekers uiteindelijk geologisch geschikte regio’s op verschillende continenten.
Geen toeval
Gebieden in West-Australië, Afrika, het Noord-Amerikaanse kraton en kleine delen van Europa werden goedgekeurd als mogelijke plekken waar dergelijke kraters behouden zijn. Slechts 30 procent van dit geschikte landoppervlak lag dicht bij de evenaar, maar toch werden alle inslagkraters uit die periode in dit gebied gevonden. De kans dat dit toeval is, is uiterst klein.
Het is dus heel aannemelijk dat er miljoenen jaren lang een ring met puin voor meteorietinslagen zorgde. Dat is een grote ontdekking die leidt tot de heroverweging van de impact van grote gebeurtenissen in de ruimte op de evolutionaire geschiedenis van de aarde. Het roept ook vragen op over andere ringsystemen, die misschien invloed hebben gehad op de ontwikkeling van het leven op onze planeet. Zulke ringen kunnen op andere momenten in de geschiedenis invloed hebben gehad op vrijwel alles, van het klimaat tot het ontstaan en de verspreiding van leven.
Meer wetenschap? Lees de nieuwste artikelen op Scientias.nl .
Earth Had Ring System 466 Million Years Ago, New Research Suggests
Earth Had Ring System 466 Million Years Ago, New Research Suggests
Breakup of an asteroid passing within Earth’sRoche limit likely formed the debris ring during the middle Ordovician period, according to new research from Monash University.
Tomkins et al. suggest that a large chondrite asteroid had a near miss encounter with Earth 466 million years ago, which caused it to break up as it passed through Earth’s Roche limit.
All large planets in our Solar System have rings, and it has been suggested that Mars may have had a ring in the past.
This raises the question of whether our home planet also had a ring system in the past.
In new research, Monash University’s Professor Andy Tomkins and his colleagues examined the positions of 21 asteroid impact craters from a 40-million-year period of enhanced meteor impact cratering known as the Ordovician impact spike.
All these craters are located within 30 degrees of the equator, despite over 70% of Earth’s continental crust being outside this region, an anomaly that conventional theories cannot explain.
The researchers believe this localized impact pattern was produced after a large asteroid had a close encounter with Earth.
As the asteroid passed within Earth’s Roche limit, it broke apart due to tidal forces, forming a debris ring around the planet — similar to the rings seen around Saturn and other gas giants today.
“Over millions of years, material from this ring gradually fell to Earth, creating the spike in meteorite impacts observed in the geological record,” Professor Tomkins said.
“We also see that layers in sedimentary rocks from this period contain extraordinary amounts of meteorite debris.”
“What makes this finding even more intriguing is the potential climate implications of such a ring system,” he said.
The researchers speculate that the ring could have cast a shadow on Earth, blocking sunlight and contributing to a significant global cooling event known as the Hirnantian Icehouse.
This period, which occurred near the end of the Ordovician, is recognized as one of the coldest in the last 500 million years of Earth’s history.
“The idea that a ring system could have influenced global temperatures adds a new layer of complexity to our understanding of how extraterrestrial events may have shaped Earth’s climate,” Professor Tomkins said.
“The existence of such a ring, forming around 466 million years ago and persisting for a few tens of millions of years, could explain several puzzles in our planet’s past,” lead author Andrew G. Tomkins, a geologist at Monash University in Australia, writes in the Conversation.
The team’s findings appear in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
Andrew G. Tomkins et al. 2024. Evidence suggesting that Earth had a ring in the Ordovician. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 646: 118991; doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118991
Three UFO Raw Videos, New York! West Virginia, Washington! Sept 1-5, 2024, UAP Sighting News.
Three UFO Raw Videos, New York! West Virginia, Washington! Sept 1-5, 2024, UAP Sighting News.
In a recent wave of UFO sightings, three raw videos have captured public attention, each documenting mysterious aerial phenomena across the United States. On September 5, 2024, a witness in New York City recorded a strange, hovering object that appeared to defy the laws of physics amidst the city skyline.
Just a few days earlier, on September 2, 2024, a resident of Chelyan, West Virginia, filmed a similarly unidentifiable craft maneuvering erratically in the night sky. Adding to this series of sightings, a video from Lake Stevens, Washington, dated September 1, 2024, shows an object moving at remarkable speed, leaving viewers and researchers puzzled.
These videos, shared with the public by the National UFO Reporting Center (NUFORC), provide valuable insights into these unexplained occurrences. Unlike other organizations such as MUFON, which often restricts access to such evidence, NUFORC remains dedicated to transparency and public awareness.
A big thanks to NUFORC for their ongoing commitment to sharing these compelling sightings with the world.
Globular UFO Over West Chicago, Illinois on Sept 6, 2024, UAP Sighting News.
Globular UFO Over West Chicago, Illinois on Sept 6, 2024, UAP Sighting News.
On September 6, 2024, a fascinating video emerged showcasing a globular UFO hovering over West Chicago, Illinois. The footage, captured by an alert witness, reveals a spherical object gliding silently across the sky, exhibiting unusual movements that defy conventional explanations.
This intriguing sighting was brought to the public's attention by the dedicated team at the National UFO Reporting Center, who continue to play a pivotal role in documenting and sharing such extraordinary events. The video has since sparked widespread interest and debate within the UAP community, as enthusiasts and researchers alike seek to unravel the mystery behind this enigmatic phenomenon.
A big thanks to the National UFO Reporting Center for their commitment to bringing these sightings to light and for their permission to use this report.
Miraculous Jesus Figure in Forest Fire: Sacred Heart Revealed? AI Enhanced Image, UFO Sighting News.
Miraculous Jesus Figure in Forest Fire: Sacred Heart Revealed? AI Enhanced Image, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Sept 2024
Location of sighting: Farmington, Utah, USA
Now this is very rare, an image of a person on a hilltop during a forest fire, or is it something more? I used ai artificial intelligence to enhance it, then added darkness and to show a second arm, eyes, nose, flowing hair, and heart, which all look like this Sacred Heart painting. The fire suddenly died down and disappeared that day, even though the city said it was zero percent contained, so...Devine intervention perhaps?
Als we aan het heelal denken, stellen we ons een oneindige uitgestrektheid voor met een paar hemellichamen, maar voor het grootste deel helemaal leeg. Toch zit de ruimte, naast sterren en planeten, vol bewegende deeltjes, fotonen en elektromagnetische golven die enorme afstanden afleggen. Soms bereiken ze zelfs de aarde, zoals onlangs is ontdekt door een team van astronomen: het oudste radiosignaal dat ooit door de mens is vastgelegd en dat acht miljard jaar geleden ontstond. Laten we eens kijken waar het over gaat!
Het oudste en krachtigste radiosignaal ooit ontdekt
Na acht miljard jaar door de ruimte te hebben gereisd, werd het radiosignaal ontdekt door wetenschappers hier op aarde. Concreet moeten we ons een ongelooflijk krachtige lichtflits voorstellen die echter geen enkele seconden duurt, maar eerder een paar milliseconden of zelfs minder: het gaat om een Fast Radio Burst, oftewel snelle radio-uitbarsting. Dit zijn de woorden van Ryan Shannon, astrofysicus aan de Swinburne University of Technology en een van de auteurs van het onderzoek:
Dat is genoeg vermogen om een kom popcorn van ongeveer twee keer de grootte van de zon in de magnetron te zetten. Het onderzoek bevestigt dat snelle radio-uitbarstingen veel voorkomende gebeurtenissen zijn in de kosmos, en dat we ze kunnen gebruiken om materie tussen sterrenstelsels te detecteren en de structuur van het universum beter te begrijpen.
Het onderzoek, gepubliceerd in het tijdschrift Science, stelt ook de vraag wat voor soort explosie zo'n FRB zou kunnen produceren, het oudste en krachtigste radiosignaal dat ooit is ontdekt. In minder dan een milliseconde gaf het signaal evenveel energie af als de zon in 30 jaar kan uitzenden.
Wat zijn snelle radioflitsen?
CSIRO/Wikimedia Commons - CC BY 3.0
De sleutel tot het begrijpen van het mysterie van het oudste en krachtigste radiosignaal dat ooit is ontdekt, zijn de snelle radio-uitbarstingen. Dit zijn raadselachtige fenomenen waarover we nog steeds niet veel weten: FRB 20220610A werd in juni 2022 onderschept door ASKAP-radiotelescopen in Australië. Vervolgens werden de gegevens verfijnd door andere telescopen in Europa en Zuid-Amerika om de oorsprong van het signaal te achterhalen.
De onderzoekers ontdekten vervolgens het gebied in de ruimte waar de snelle radioflits zou zijn ontstaan: het zou niet gaan om een enkel sterrenstelsel, maar om een hele cluster van sterrenstelsels die aan het samensmelten waren. Deze en andere FRB's zouden dus gekoppeld kunnen worden aan neutronensterren, extreem dichte objecten met een enorm magnetisch veld. In de praktijk zouden de snelle radioflitsen kunnen ontstaan door botsingen tussen neutronensterren en zwarte gaten, of door de aard van binaire stelsels waarin neutronensterren voorkomen.
Acht miljard jaar door het heelal
Zoals we in de inleiding al zeiden, is de ruimte helemaal niet leeg, hoewel het voor ons het tegenovergestelde lijkt. Er zijn niet alleen elektromagnetische golven en snelle radioflitsen, maar ook andere elementaire deeltjes, zoals bijvoorbeeld elektronen. Volgens Ryan Shannon kan het bestuderen van een FRB in de praktijk helpen om de materie die in de ruimte tussen sterrenstelsels is verspreid beter te begrijpen:
Zelfs in een bijna volledig lege ruimte kunnen snelle radioflitsen alle elektronen “zien”, waardoor we kunnen meten hoeveel materie er tussen sterrenstelsels is. Als we de hoeveelheid normale materie in het heelal tellen, de atomen waar we allemaal van gemaakt zijn, zien we dat meer dan de helft van wat er vandaag zou moeten zijn, ontbreekt.
De manier waarop deze FRB's interageren met de ruimte tussen sterrenstelsels kan ons dus veel meer vertellen over hoe de materie in het heelal verdeeld is. Dit is nog belangrijker als we bedenken dat de laatste snelle radioflits de oudste en krachtigste is die ooit is ontdekt: hij heeft acht miljard jaar door het heelal gereisd tot hij ons bereikte. En het gaat nog verder door.
Strange alien object found inside Terry Lovelace after his Devil's Den UFO encounter
Strange alien object found inside Terry Lovelace after his Devil's Den UFO encounter
Reports of alien abductions first became widespread during the 1960s and 70s. Alleged abductees frequently described undergoing experimental procedures performed by extraterrestrial beings. Some even claimed that these aliens had inserted unknown objects into their bodies.
In many cases, these so-called "alien implants" are metallic and have been reported to emit radio frequency waves. Often, they are found attached to nerve endings within the body.
One of the most prominent figures in this field of research was Dr. Roger Leir, who passed away on March 14, 2014. Along with his surgical team, Dr. Leir performed 17 surgeries on individuals who claimed to have been abducted by aliens, removing 13 distinct objects suspected to be alien implants.
These objects were subjected to scientific analysis by prestigious laboratories, including Los Alamos National Labs, New Mexico Tech, and the University of California at San Diego. The findings have been puzzling, with some comparisons made to meteorite samples, and isotopic ratios in some tests suggesting materials not of Earthly origin.
One such case is that of Terry Lovelace, a former Air Force medic, who kept a disturbing secret for 40 years. In 2012, a routine x-ray revealed a small square object about the size of a fingernail which was buried deep in Terry's right leg the doctor had never see anything like it.
Then Terry suddenly remembered the terrifying experience he had tried to forget - an event during a camping trip at Devil's Den State Park that he had never spoken of, knowing no one would believe him without proof. Yet the evidence had always been there: a strange metal object embedded in his leg, something that was not man-made.
In 1977, Terry and a friend had an extraordinary encounter at Devil's Den State Park, where they witnessed a massive triangular craft. This experience resulted in missing time and unexplained injuries. Years later, Terry was faced with a difficult choice: reveal his story of alien contact or remain silent. His decision led him into conflict with powerful forces and uncovered a conspiracy that extended beyond our world.
While some remain skeptical, believing these implants are man-made and part of a secretive human agenda, Dr. Leir’s work, along with Terry Lovelace's experience at Devil’s Den and the mysterious object found in his leg, suggests that 'alien' implants may not be mere fiction.
While the 'Big Bang' is widely accepted as the cosmic event that started our entire universe, scientists warn there might just be a 'Big Crunch' that destroys it all.
As theorized, the 'Big Crunch' would be a horrific scenario whereby the universe's current process of expansion snaps into reverse — ending with galaxies, stars and planets all crashing into one another, as every last shred of matter collapses inward.
'That means,' as one physics professor put it, 'revising our understanding of basic physics, our understanding of the Big Bang itself, and our understanding of the long-range forecast for the Universe.'
The Big Crunch could 'suck' the universe back in on itself. Above, a NASA animation still frame which depicts two neutron stars colliding, produced by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
TKTK. Above, a nighttime photo of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) installed at the Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona
For most people on Earth, the first signs of the Big Crunch would be in the sky, with galaxy clusters and galaxies merging, or stars beginning to collide with each other.
Telescopes would show that the cosmic microwave background (a fossil echo of the Big Bang) was warming up — and would soon reach thousands of degrees Celsius.
For comparison, the current temperature of this background microwave radiation is just under 3 degrees above 'absolute zero' or 'negative 273.15 degrees Celsius,' according to the European Space Agency (ESA), NASA and other experts.
Roughly 300,000 years after the Big Bang, this cosmic microwave background is estimated to have been 3,000 degrees Celsius; and farther back in time, closer to the Big Bang itself, NASA estimates that its heat was as high as 273 million degrees.
In short, the forces which currently make the universe expand would fizzle out and the universe would fall in on itself, in an obscene reversal of the Big Bang.
All intergalactic matter would condense together with stars and planets sucked into a burning core where the surface of stars would ignite other celestial bodies.
Eventually, the universe itself would become a single, vast fireball, at least according to some astronomers and astrophysicists, with all living things incinerated, and time and space itself wiped out of existence.
The new data suggesting that the Big Crunch may, in fact, be the ultimate fate of our universe emerged from an incredible telescopic system on a modest mountain in Kitt Peak, Arizona — automated with the help of 5,000 tiny robots that reposition its fiber optic cables.
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a telescope which has spent three years building a 3D map of the universe, including millions of galaxies, at a speed previously unheard of in astronomy thanks to its robotic systems.
Over the course of one recent record-setting night this year, February 12, 2024, DESI managed to document the locations of nearly 200,000 distant 'redshift' galaxies.
It was data like this, collected by DESI, that appears to suggest that the dark energy 'fuel' responsible for the steady expansion of our universe appears to be weakening.
'The entire cosmological community was really shocked,' according to ex-DESI team member Luz Ángela García Peñaloza, a cosmologist at Columbia's Universidad ECCI.
Physicsts current 'standard model' of how the cosmos works, its history, and how it has evolved is called the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model — and it rests on the assumption that dark energy remains constant throughout all time.
The 'Lambda' in the theory's name, in fact, comes from a constant value, one pairing both Einstein's 'cosmological constant' and the once-presumed-constant of dark energy, a presumption DESI data collected from the past 11 billion years seem upend.
Above, an image issued by Durham University depicts portions of DESI's validation as part of the 'One-Percent Survey.' Researchers took detailed sky images in 20 different directions, crafting a 3D map of 700,000 objects, about 1 percent of the total volume DESI plans to study
The new data suggesting that the Big Crunch may, in fact, be the ultimate fate of our universe emerged from DESI, an incredible telescopic system perched on a modest mountain in Kitt Peak, Arizona. Above, DESI installed inside the dome of the Kitt Peak National Observatory
'DESI saw that the "equation of state" of the universe isn't consistent with the usual LCDM model,' García Peñaloza told Space.com, 'but instead, it is showing a hint that dark energy is varying with time.'
'This was pretty surprising because most cosmological observations thus far have favored the LCDM model,' she explained.
The shocking discovery, she added, 'open a window for variable dark energy models' meaning not just the possibility of a Big Crunch but for other odd outcomes as well.
First theorized in 1998, dark energy is a theoretical force which explains why the universe is expanding, and why that expansion is accelerating.
The idea of dark energy is that the vacuum of space possesses a tiny amount of energy of its own, so faint and difficult to measure that it was dubbed 'dark energy.'
But the hints coming from DESI suggest that not only is dark energy weakening, but there has been a process whereby it first got stronger, only then to slowly weaken.
'If dark energy isn't a strict constant, who knows how it evolves,' as astronomer Joan Najita with the National Science Foundation's NOIRLab said this year.
'That uncertainty, and the potential unshackling from a cosmological constant,' she noted, 'opens a richer set of potential futures for us.'
Each point in this cross section of the DESI map represents one galaxy. The preliminary version of the DESI map (above) shows only 400,000 of the 35 million galaxies expected for final map
A slide through 3-D map of galaxies from the completed SDSS survey (left) and from the first few months of the DESI survey (right). The earth is at the centre, with the furthest galaxies plotted at distances of 10 billion light years
If the expansion of the universe continues, fueled by dark energy, another possible end will be almost as nightmarish - a scenario described as the 'Big Freeze', where as the universe expands relentlessly, eventually stars will stop forming.
Existing stars will run out of fuel, and stars travel further and further apart, leading to a lonely, dark universe as one by one the stars blink out.
From our Milky Way galaxy, no other galaxies will be visible.
Once the stars burn out, the dominant features of the universe will be black holes - until they too evaporate, leaving a universe barely above absolute zero, in a new 'dark era' which will last far longer than any which came before it.
But DESI scientists are actually optimistic that the new data (which is still being analyzed) will lead to a new understanding of physics.
The DESI team have already used their observations to detect a new Quasar (above), one of the brightest types of galaxies visible from Earth
The new results will likely mean a new understanding of dark energy — and, thus, even of the 'standard model' scientists have relied on to understand the physics that undergirds our universe.
'Essentially we have to start from scratch,' Physics professor Carlos Frenk of Durham University told The Guardian earlier this year.
And other researchers believe this reckoning for dark energy is well over due.
'The idea that dark energy is varying is very natural,' according to Princeton University cosmologist Paul Steinhardt.
If it were not, as Steinhardt told Quanta: 'It would be the only form of energy we know which is absolutely constant in space and time.'
Dark energy is a phrase used by physicists to describe a mysterious 'something' that is causing unusual things to happen in the universe.
The universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together.
Then came 1998 and the Hubble Space Telescope observations of very distant supernovae that showed that, a long time ago, the universe was actually expanding more slowly than it is today.
The universe is not only expanding, but it is expanding faster and faster as time goes by,' Dr Kathy Romer, scientist at the Dark Energy Survey told MailOnline, as illustrated in this Nasa graphic
So the expansion of the universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating.
No one expected this, no one knew how to explain it. But something was causing it.
'The universe is not only expanding, but it is expanding faster and faster as time goes by,' Dr Kathy Romer, scientist at the Dark Energy Survey told MailOnline.
'What we'd expect is that the expansion would get slower and slower as time goes by, because it has been nearly 14 billion years since the Big Bang.'
Witnessing the Northern Lights is something that features on many people's bucket-lists.
Now, one lucky astronaut has trumped seeing them from Earth, and instead has posted an incredible video of the aurora from space.
Matthew Dominick, a NASA astronaut currently on board the International Space Station (ISS), tweeted his bird's-eye view of the Northern Lights.
The stunning footage has garnered huge attention, with fans dazzled by the unique view of the aurora.
Even NASA itself was impressed, with the NASA Earth X account replying: 'These videos never get old.'
Witnessing the Northern Lights is something that features on many people's bucket-lists. Now, one lucky astronaut has trumped seeing them from Earth, and instead has posted an incredible video of the aurora from space
Mr Dominick launched to the ISS on March 3, 2024 as commander of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-8 mission.
He’s serving as a flight engineer aboard the orbiting laboratory and was expected to spend around six months on the ISS, although his return to Earth could be pushed back amid the issues with the Boeing Starliner.
While he spends most of his time on the ISS conducting scientific experiments, Mr Dominick also regularly snaps photos and films footage from his unique vantage point.
'Timelapse of the moon setting into streams of red and green aurora followed by a sunrise lighting up Soyuz with a light blue,' he wrote in the caption with his latest video.
'The aurora have been amazing the past few days.'
His video has already been viewed almost 800,000 times, and several fans have replied, expressing their amazement.
'Man that is just amazing... what a sight,' one user wrote.
Another added: 'you are becoming the ultimate space photographer, great work again!'
While he spends most of his time on the ISS conducting scientific experiments, Mr Dominick also regularly snaps photos and films footage from his unique vantage point
His video has already been viewed almost 800,000 times, and several fans have replied, expressing their amazement
And one joked: 'What a strange world. Fun to visit, I'm sure.'
Auroras are caused by disturbances in Earth's 'magnetosphere' (its system of magnetic fields) due to powerful activity on the sun.
High-energy particles travel from the sun towards us at hundreds of miles per second before bombarding our magnetosphere.
At this point, some of the energy and small particles can travel down the magnetic field lines at the north and south poles into our planet's atmosphere.
There, the particles interact with gases in our atmosphere, resulting in beautiful displays of light in the sky, known as auroras.
Oxygen gives off green and red light, while nitrogen glows blue and purple.
The Northern and Southern Lights are natural light spectacles triggered in our atmosphere that are also known as the 'Auroras'.
There are two types of Aurora - Aurora Borealis, which means 'dawn of the north', and Aurora Australis, 'dawn of the south.'
The displays light up when electrically charged particles from the sun enter the Earth’s atmosphere.
There are two types of Aurora - Aurora Borealis (file photo), which means 'dawn of the north', and Aurora Australis, 'dawn of the south.' The displays light up when electrically charged particles from the sun enter the Earth’s atmosphere
Usually the particles, sometimes referred to as a solar storm, are deflected by Earth’s magnetic field.
But during stronger storms they enter the atmosphere and collide with gas particles, including hydrogen and helium.
These collisions emit light. Auroral displays appear in many colours although pale green and pink are common.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
