'God of chaos' asteroid could trigger astroquakes when it skims past Earth on Friday the 13th

• READ MORE:  Inside the mission to meet a 'city-killer' asteroid before it hits Earth

By ELLYN LAPOINTE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

When the 'God of Chaos' asteroid flies by our planet in five years, Earth's gravity could cause it to experience 'astroquakes,' scientists have predicted. 

Their research suggests that when the asteroid Apophis - named for the Egyptian God of Chaos - passes within just 19,000 miles of Earth, our planet's gravitational pull will cause it to violently shake.

The theoretical shaking could happen due to gravitational tidal forces, which are the stretching or pulling effect on an object caused by the uneven gravitational pull from another massive body.

The team identified two physical processes that could occur. One would cause rocks and dust to fly off the surface, and the other would trigger landslides that would happen gradually over tens of thousands of years. 

Both would ultimately change the surface structure of the four-billion-year-old asteroid.

Apophis, set for the flyby on April 13, 2029, is a 'city-killer' space rock the size of the Empire State Building. 

If it were to hit Earth directly, its impact would be equivalent to detonating tens or hundreds of nuclear bombs, according to The Planetary Society.

It wouldn't destroy the entire Earth, but it could easily annihilate a city, spreading destruction over a radius of hundreds of miles. 

This illustration shows Apophis' size relative to New York City. A direct hit from this asteroid wouldn't destroy the whole Earth, but it could wipe out a major metropolitan area

Scientists have paid close attention to this asteroid's path since it was first discovered in 2004. Initially, the chances of a potential impact in 2029 were relatively high at 2.7 percent.

But more recent studies have found that the odds are closer to one in two billion.   

A team of researchers led by Ronald-Louis Ballouz, an asteroid scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, investigated what might happen to Apophis when it passes through Earth's gravitational field. 

Asteroids typically have weathered surfaces because they are constantly bombarded by meteoroids in a process called space weathering, Ballouz told Live Science, but astronomers have long observed space rocks that pass close to planets lack weathered surfaces. 

He suspected that the reason why could be because the planet's gravity removes the outer layer of the asteroid's surface.

To test this, the researchers created a computational models of Apophis and then simulated each model's path to Earth while tracking its physical changes, revealing our planet's gravitational pull could drive two different physical processes on Apophis.

The first is earthquake-like tremors that would likely begin about an hour before the asteroid reaches its closest distance from Earth and continue for some time after.

When Apophis encounters Earth's gravity, it could experience tremors strong enough to lift boulders from its surface and allow some rocks to escape into space, researchers say

It's difficult to say how intense this shaking will be. But Ballouz expects it will be strong enough to change Apophis' outer appearance, lifting boulders from the surface and allowing some rocks to escape into space.

The other process is a change in the asteroid's tumbling. Space rocks like Apophis don't rotate on an axis, as planets do. Rather, they tumble somewhat haphazardly through space. 

Earth's gravitational pull could alter Apophis' tumbling pattern, triggering landslides over the course of tens of thousands of years that could further 'refresh' its surface to reveal the layers beneath. 

Read More

• Earth's ancient APOCALYPSE: Huge comet hit Earth 12,000 years ago - sparking an ice age that decimated humans, expert claims in controversial Netflix series 

The research team's findings are currently available on the arXiv preprint database, and have been accepted for publication in the Planetary Science Journal.  

If Ballouz's hypothesis proves correct, it could explain why other asteroids that have been subjected to planetary gravity don't show signs of space weathering on their surfaces. 

But he and his team won't know for sure until NASA's OSIRIS-APEX mission rendezvous with Apophis during its 2029 flyby. 

This spacecraft will study the asteroid for 18 months to document any physical changes that it endured during its encounter with Earth. 

As for whether Apophis could directly hit Earth anytime soon, research has determined that we're safe for at least the next 100 years, according to the Planetary Society. 

But to prepare for the unlikely event that another 'city-killer' asteroid could collide with Earth, NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office is developing ways to deflect or destroy them before they make impact.

VIDEOS

What is the ‘God of Chaos’? New study reveals giant asteroid could hit Earth if…

Asteroid 'God of Chaos' could hit Earth sooner than expected according to experts from NASA

 { https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

09-11-2024 om 23:19 geschreven door peter  

Congress promises to 'pull back the curtain' on secret UFO research as whistleblowers prepare to testify

• READ MORE:  Pentagon reveals military's 'alien tech' crash retrieval program

By STACY LIBERATORE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

US Congress has promised to 'pull back the curtain' on secret UAP research programs conducted in the shadows of the government in a court of law.

A second slew of hearings into UFOs is scheduled for November 13, led by the House Oversight Committee, with former military officials and an aerospace expert set to testify about their knowledge of secret US programs.

Lawmakers have promised 'to explore firsthand accounts of [UFOs]' and 'assess the federal government's transparency and accountability regarding their 'possible threats to national security.'

Rep. Tim Burchett (R-Tenn.), a member of the subcommittee, said: 'The Pentagon and Washington bureaucrats have kept this information hidden for decades, and we're finally going to shed some light on it. 

'We're bringing in credible witnesses who can provide public testimony because the American people deserve the truth. We're done with the cover-ups.'

There will be four witnesses set to testify under oath, including former Department of Defense Official Luis Elizondo and former NASA Associate Administrator Michael Gold.

Congress is set to hold a second hearing about UAPs that it promised will expose the truth to the American public, specifically about the research programs within the government. Pictured is the famous Tic Tac-shaped object seen in the sky over California on November 10, 2004 

Next week's hearing, set for 11:30am ET, will be a joint effort by Rep Nancy Mace (R-SC) and Rep Glenn Grothman (R-Wis.).

'This is our second hearing on the topic of UAPs and the American people are tired of the obfuscation and refusal to release information by the federal government, they said in a shared statement.

'Americans deserve to understand what the government has learned about UAP sightings and the nature of any potential threats these phenomena pose.

'We can only ensure that understanding by providing consistent, systemic transparency. We look forward to hearing from expert witnesses on ways to shed more light and bring greater accountability to this issue.'

The committee has not released details on cases to be presented on Wednesday but provided the list of witnesses.

Elizondo, a career US Army counterintelligence specialist, previously ran the military's Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program.

He recently hosted a private event in Philadelphia on October 28 to reveal an image of an alleged UFO 'mothership.'

There will be four witnesses set to testify under oath, including former Department of Defense Official Luis Elizondo (pictured)

Elizondo recently hosted a private event in Philadelphia on October 28 to reveal an image of an alleged UFO 'mothership.'

'There's a whole lot more here folks,' Elizondo told the audience in a leaked clip. 'I just want to give you kind of a small taste of what's going on 'behind the scenes.''

'We're having pilots, military pilots and civilian pilots in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, report what unimaginably seems impossible,' as Elizondo explained his 'real photo' of a UFO.

'They described it literally 'the mothership,' Elizondo said.

Investigative journalist Michael Shellenberger will also be sworn under oath.

Shellenberger — who is also an academic and a two-time candidate for California governor — went viral last month after publishing one of his anonymous whistleblower's accounts of an alleged UFO data collection program.

That classified UFO data retrieval effort, dubbed 'Immaculate Constellation,' was established in 2017 to 'detect' and 'quarantine' the military's best UFO imagery, along with its best videos, witness testimonies and electronic sensor evidence.

Dr Tim Gallaudet, former rear admiral in the US Navy, launched a probe in March into unidentified submersible objects (USOs), specifically strange sightings on the seabed off the coast of California.

Investigative journalist Michael Shellenberger will also be sworn under oath. He went viral last month after publishing one of his anonymous whistleblower's accounts of an alleged UFO data collection program

Gold is a former NASA Associate Administrator who was part of the agency's UAP study in October 2022, which focused solely on unclassified data.

Over nine months, the independent study team will lay the groundwork for future studies on the nature of UAPs for NASA and other organizations.

The hearing follows the bombshell case last year that was held by Burchett and Rep. Anna Paulina Luna (R-Fla).

David Grusch - a former high-ranking intelligence official - was one of three military whistleblowers who testified under oath that they had firsthand encounters or knowledge about secret government programs involving technology that is 'non-human.'

He claimed that the US has been in possession of UFOs since 'the 1930s' and has been secretly back-engineering them and carrying out a public disinformation campaign to prevent the details from leaking publicly. 

Ryan Graves, a former pilot, Air Force and intelligence agency veteran David Grusch and Navy veteran fighter pilot Commander David Fravor spoke at the first hearing in 2023

During the hearing, Burchett asked Grusch: 'Personally, have you heard anyone [has] been murdered?' 

Grusch replied: 'I have to be careful answering that question. I directed people with that knowledge to the appropriate authorities.'

He was sworn in Wednesday, along with Ryan Graves, an esteemed former pilot, and Navy veteran fighter pilot Commander David Fravor, who witnessed the 2004 'Tic Tac' UFO.

Graves, a former F-18 pilot with over a decade of service in the US Navy, was the first to give opening statements.

'My testimony is based on information I've been given by individuals with a long-standing track record of legitimacy and service to this country, many of whom have shared compelling evidence in the form of photography, official documentation and classified oral testimony to myself and many various colleagues,' Graves told lawmakers, stating he was driven to share it by a 'commitment to truth and transparency.'

Burchett described the 2023 hearing as 'historical.' 

'I'd like to thank these three brave witnesses here. They took an oath to uphold the Constitution of the United States and, dagnammit, they're doing it,' he continued.

'We're not bringing little green men or flying saucers into the hearing — sorry to disappoint about half of y'all — we're just going to get to the facts.

'We're going to uncover the cover-up, and I hope this is just the beginning of many more hearings and many more people coming forward about this.'

 { https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

09-11-2024 om 21:00 geschreven door peter  

China unveils $36mil new stealth jet fighter built with 'stolen American military technology'

• READ MORE: China launches top-secret military spacecraft CSSHQ into orbit

By MATTHEW PHELAN SENIOR SCIENCE REPORTER FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

China has posted the first official photo of its brand 'new' stealth fighter.

But if you feel like you've seen it before, there might be a reason for that.

The J-35A jet is rumored to have been built using 'many terabytes' of stolen US military data.

A decade ago, documents leaked by ex-US intelligence contractor Edward Snowden laid out the case that radar designs, engine schematics and other top secret specs from America's $2 trillion stealth F-35 program had been hacked by Chinese spies. 

Photographed in a three-quarter profile, taxiing on the tarmac, the new J-35A is the land-based sibling to China's equally secretive and stealth J-35, which the emerging superpower plans to deploy from its growing fleet of naval aircraft carriers. 

The image came a week ahead of the fighter's November 12 debut at the China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition, held at Zhuhai Airport in Guangdong.

At the time of Snowden's leak, China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei told reporters that 'the so-called evidence that has been used to launch groundless accusations against China is completely unjustified.' 

But the similarities between the Chinese and the American jets are striking — both have the same characteristic internal weapons bays to maintain its radar-evading stealth shape and aerodynamic air-intake channels beneath their cockpits.

China posted the first official photo of its J-35A stealth fighter (above) on Tuesday, teasing the debut of a jet that's accused of originating with 'many terabytes' of stolen US military data

'For the first time, new equipment such as the medium-weight, stealth multi-role fighter J-35A, the HQ-19 surface-to-air missile and a new type of reconnaissance and strike unmanned aerial vehicle will be on display,' officials told CCTV state television.

But aside from providing the picture of the J-35A, Chinese military spokesman Colonel Niu Wenbo did not provide further details to CCTV on the new craft.

Both J-35 and J-35A were built off China's FC-31 stealth fighter prototype, which has been unofficially documented for years in leaks and snapshots, according to military aerospace author Thomas Newdick.

Newdick emphasized that — while espionage likely played a role in the development of China's fifth-generation stealth fighter fleet — the craft were not outright 'copies.'

'Critical outright differences' are discernable in the new photo, he noted, including twin-engines on the J-35A distinct from the F-35's massive single turbofan engine, and a more slender and sleek design that avoids the some of the F-35's design flaws. 

The J-35A is also reportedly faster than the F-35, capable of a maximum speed of Mach 2.0, compared to the American stealth fighter's top speed of Mach 1.6.

A former deputy captain with the Chinese Air Force's Bayi Aerobatic Team, Zhang Xinmin, told Aaj News that the J-35A had been custom made to withstand harsh conditions, like high-salt and high-humidity environments.

But, as Newdick wrote for The War Zone, 'clearly many elements' were 'at least heavily inspired if not cribbed from the F-35,' including its 'diverterless supersonic inlets' air-intakes on its engines and the shape of its cockpit canopy.

'Even its official designation [i.e. '35'] isn't trying to hide that reality,' Newdick said.

The clearest previous image of China's future carrier-borne stealth fighter known as J-35 surfaced in July of 2020 on Chinese social media Weibo (above)

Carrier fighter mockups of the J-35 (right) and J-15 (left) were spotted on the aircraft carrier Liaoning and posted to social media on what was then Twitter but is now X.com

The expensive program to develop and integrate three variations of the F-35 into America's fighting force has led to at least 29 incidents and accidents over the years.

Last May, an F-35B crashed shortly after attempting a takeoff at Kirtland Air Force Base in New Mexico. 

The F-35B is a variant designed for 'short takeoff and vertical landing' (STOVL), a bulk-adding technical specification that's notably absent from both J-35 models.

The J-35 is the second radar-evading stealth jet in China's military arsenal, after the J-20 'Dragon' which entered service in 2017. 

The J-20 is a 'heavy-duty stealth fighter jet' and the J-35 is a 'medium-sized multi-role stealth fighter jet,' according to Military analyst Wang Mingzhi.

'The primary distinction is that the J-20 focuses on air superiority missions, while the J-35A is versatile, capable of pursuing air superiority and accomplishing a variety of ground and maritime strike missions,' Wang explained.

'In future operations, these two aircraft can precisely target at both land and sea objectives in a coordinated manner, thus playing a crucial role for achieving air superiority,' the analyst continued in a post for China's Defense Ministry website.

The expensive program to develop and integrate three variations of the F-35 into America's fighting force has led to at least 29 serious incidents over the years. Above emergency workers respond to a crash of an F-35B near the Albuquerque International Airport on May 28, 2024

China's defense ministry said the J-35 was built by the Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute, a subsidiary of the Asian country's Aviation Industry Corporation. 

Heavy state-planning and secrecy characteristic of the communist 'people's republic' has shielded the exact cost for any of China's stealth fighters from view — but a 2024 report by defense publication Janes priced the J-20 at $110 million.

But extrapolations, based on estimates from Zhou Chenming of Beijing-based Yuan Wang military tech think tank, place the J-35s at about $21 to $36 million each.

'The price of Chinese self-developed military weapon is normally one-fifth to one-third of the price of a similar US weapon,' Zhou said. And the current reported cost of America's F-35s are around $109 million apiece.

'The J-35 series is designed to be one platform with multiple variants for both Chinese air and naval forces,' the ministry said.

Analysts, including Newdick, have noted that China's new stealth fighter's J-35 version appears to be optimized for takeoff via an 'electromagnetic catapult launch system,' onboard China's latest and state-of-the-art carrier, Fujian.

But photos of fighter mock-ups show the jets will also be deployed from China's older aircraft carriers like Liaoning and Shenyang, via their 'ski-jump' takeoff ramps. 

Above, a visual timeline of the China's progess on the stealth J-35: the original FC-31 airframe (2014), the revised FC-31 (2016), the first J-35 prototype (2021) and an updated J-35 (2022) 

German magazine Der Spiegel was the first to publish the cache of Snowden documents in 2015 that revealed a top secret US government presentation alleging China's theft of 'many terabytes' of F-35 program data.

According to sources, the data breach occurred in 2007 — a cyberattack at the prime defense contractor undertaking America's effort to construct the F-35 Lightning II joint strike fighter jet (F-35B), Lockheed Martin. 

Shortly after the Snowden leak, US officials claimed that 'classified F-35 information is protected and remains secure,' according to The Diplomat.

China's cyber-spying operation, which had been code-named 'Byzantine Hades' by US investigators, had first been revealed by Wikileaks in 2011.

Investigators claimed that they had traced the origin of some of these past hacks to a specific unit of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.

German magazine Der Spiegel was the first to publish the cache of Snowden documents in 2015 that revealed a top secret US government presentation (above) alleging China's theft of 'many terabytes' of F-35 program data. Investigators called the alleged op 'Byzantine Hades'

US officials broadly characterized that 'Byzantine Hades' hacking operation as a plot to 'cause serious damage to DoD interests,' according to the top secret power point presentation

It's unclear when US officials may have first suspected that 'Byzantine Hades' had also been working to obtain stealth fighter secrets from Lockheed. 

However they broadly characterized that operation as a plot to 'cause serious damage to DoD interests,' according to the top secret power point presentation leaked by Snowden.

Pushing back on these accusations, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong noted in 2015 that China has sought international collaborations to improve security and prevent hacking. 

'According to the materials presented by the relevant person, some countries themselves have disgraceful records on cybersecurity,' Hong added.

Infamously, Snowden's 2013 revelations as a former contractor to the National Security Agency (NSA) revealed a massive and questionably legal spying program by the agency. The revelations sparked international outrage.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

09-11-2024 om 20:40 geschreven door peter  

Shock photos show physical deterioration of stranded NASA astronaut Sunita Williams

• READ MORE: 'Gaunt' photo sparks health concerns about stranded astronaut

By ELLYN LAPOINTE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

Photos have revealed NASA astronaut Sunita Williams' shocking weight loss as she and her crewmate remain stuck on the International Space Station (ISS). 

Williams, 59, and Barry Wilmore, 61, have been living on the ISS for five months after Boeing's faulty Starliner spacecraft was deemed unsafe to return them to Earth. 

A 'gaunt' photo of Williams taken on September 24 recently sparked concerns due to her 'sunken' cheeks which suggested she'd rapidly lost weight.

More recent images also show her with a pronounced facial structure and a thinner frame - a concern given she still has three months until she returns.  

Publicly, NASA has said Williams' is 'in good health' and that she's been undergoing 'routine medical evaluations'.

But behind the scenes, the space agency has been scrambling to 'stabilize the weight loss and hopefully reverse it,' according to a well-placed source. 

The unnamed NASA employee who is 'directly involved with the mission' told the New York Post that Williams has been 'unable to keep up with the high-caloric diets that astronauts must consume' while on the ISS.

Long-stay space missions take a toll on astronaut's health, especially women, leading to weight loss, muscle breakdown, bone loss, heart and vision problems and kidney stones.

NASA astronauts Sunita Williams and Barry Wilmore on June 5, gearing up for the Starliner launch that would deliver them to the International Space Station 

Female astronauts have been found to lose more weight - particularly through loss of muscle mass - than men during spaceflight.

'The pounds have melted off her and she's now skin and bones. So it's a priority to help her stabilize the weight loss and hopefully reverse it,' the NASA source told the New York Post. 

About a month ago, NASA doctors began working with Williams to help her regain weight, the source said, even before DailyMail.com's original story brought attention to her deterioration.

To stop and reverse her weight loss, Williams could have to eat up to 5,000 calories per day, the source added. 

For comparison, the average woman on Earth has to eat between 1,600 to 2,400 calories to maintain her weight. The source said that Williams started the mission at approximately 140 lbs.

Williams and Wilmore launched toward the orbiting laboratory on June 5 for what was supposed to be a 10 day mission, but have been stuck there for 156 days. 

Now, they are set to return to Earth on SpaceX's Crew-9 Dragon capsule. Williams, Wilmore and the four Crew-9 astronauts will journey home together in February 2025.

By then, the Starliner crew will have spent roughly eight to nine months on the ISS, depending on when in February they splash down. 

During that time, they will have endured microgravity, close quarters and high doses of space radiation.

A doctor has raised concerns about Williams' health, claiming this September 24 showed her looking 'gaunt'

Over the last five months, photos sent back to Earth have offered glimpses into the lives of Williams and Wilmore as they adapt to their unforeseen circumstances. 

Just hours before the Starliner launch on June 5, the crew was photographed beaming in their blue Boeing spacesuits as they geared up for their short mission.

In that photo, the astronauts - especially Williams - look strikingly different than in recent images, including the September snapshot. 

That image was one of several posted on the official ISS Instagram page that showed Williams, Wilmore and the other ISS astronauts making pizza together. 

It recently went viral as the public raised concerns over Williams' shocking appearance.  

In it, she appears 'gaunt,' Dr Vinay Gupta, a pulmonologist and veteran in Seattle, told DailyMail.com earlier this week.

'What you're seeing there in that picture is somebody that I think is experiencing the natural stresses of living at a very high altitude, even in a pressurized cabin, for extended periods,' he said. 

'Her cheeks appear a bit sunken - and usually it happens when you've had sort of total body weight loss.'

'Based on what I'm at least seeing in the photo, I don't think she's quite at a... place where I say her life's in danger.'

'But I don't think you can look at that photo and say she has sort of healthy body weight.'

The NASA source told the New York Post that they were shocked by the image. 'I gasped out loud when I saw the last picture,' they said.

'And it's something we're talking about, but not something we're obsessing about. It's a real concern and everyone is taking it seriously.' 

More recent photos, including one in which Williams and Wilmore pose for a group-shot with the other members of the Expedition 72 crew on October 4, show that Williams is still looking thin. 

NASA declined to comment on the statements made by the anonymous agency employee, and instead referred DailyMail.com back to their original statement which asserts that all astronauts aboard the ISS are 'in good health.' 

Wilmore (front left) and Williams (front right) pose with the other members of the Expedition 72 crew for a photo posted on October 4

The body burns more calories in space as it adjusts to the changes in gravity and tries to maintain its body temperature in cold, harsh conditions.

'They have to eat about 3,500 to 4,000 calories per day, just to maintain their current weight,' the NASA source said. 

'And when you start falling behind, your weight drops fast.' 

To prevent muscle and bone loss, astronauts exercise about 2.5 hours a day, which burns even more calories. 

'There's just things that the human body cannot adjust to, and one of which is, you know, she's probably losing more calories than she's intaking,' Dr Gupta said.

'Her body's probably working harder to do basic things, because the partial pressure of oxygen is lower than it would be on sea level.'

The problem of the body breaking down is a particular worry for women. 

A study assembled by NASA in 2014 found that women have greater loss of blood plasma volume than men during spaceflight.

And women’s stress response characteristically includes a heart rate increase while men respond with an increase in vascular resistance.

Read More

EXCLUSIVE

•  NASA gives health update on astronauts mysteriously hospitalized after space mission 

The loss of blood plasma causes your metabolic rate to temporarily increase while your body mobilizes resources to adjust to the loss of plasma.

And this response can slightly elevate your calorie burn, resulting in weight loss similar to what Williams may be experiencing.

Another study released by Ball University in 2023 also found that women lose more muscle than men in a microgravity environment such as spaceflight.

Williams and Wilmore still have to wait about three to four months until they can return to Earth on SpaceX's Crew Dragon. 

At this time, there is no evidence to suggest that Williams' alleged health decline will impact this timeline. 

Though the Starliner mission has extended significantly, Williams and Wilmore's ISS mission will not be the longest one ever completed by an astronaut.  

That record is held Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub, who returned to Earth aboard Russia's Soyuz MS-25 spacecraft on September 23 after 374 days on the ISS.

More recently, a crew of four NASA/SpaceX astronauts returned to Earth on October 25 after a 232-day stay on the ISS. 

All four crewmembers were taken to the hospital after splashing down. Three received medical evaluations and were discharged that same day, while one was kept for overnight observation. 

NASA has not disclosed any details about why the astronauts required medical attention, or which one was kept overnight.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

09-11-2024 om 20:19 geschreven door peter  

The planet’s surface is characterized by features that indicate water’s presence. River channels, impact craters, and basins that were once paleolakes illustrate Mars’ complex climatic history. Mars is much different from Earth, but they both follow the same set of natural rules.

In Earth’s frigid climates, rivers can flow underneath thick, protective ice sheets. New research shows that a similar thing happened on Mars. The research is published in JGR Planets and is titled “Massive Ice Sheet Basal Melting Triggered by Atmospheric Collapse on Mars, Leading to Formation of an Overtopped, Ice-Covered Argyre Basin Paleolake Fed by 1,000-km Rivers.” The lead author is Peter Buhler, a Research Scientist at the Planetary Science Institute.

The research examines a period about 3.6 billion years ago when Mars was likely transitioning from the Noachian Period to the Hesperian Period. At that time, most of the surface water was frozen into large ice sheets in Mars’ southern region, according to the research. The planet’s CO₂ atmosphere suffered periodic collapses, and sublimated out of the atmosphere. Those collapses formed a layer of CO₂ 650 meters (0.4 miles) thick that created a massive ice cap over the South Pole. It insulated the 2.5-mile-thick (4 km) layer of frozen water that made up the ice sheets.

Buhler modelled how the CO₂ cap acted as a thermal blanket and showed that it released massive amounts of meltwater from the frozen pole. This water flowed down rivers, with the top layers freezing and insulating the liquid water underneath.

“You now have the cap on top, a saturated water table underneath and permafrost on the sides,” Buhler said. “The only way left for the water to go is through the interface between the ice sheet and the rock underneath it. That’s why on Earth you see rivers come out from underneath glaciers instead of just draining into the ground.”

According to Buhler’s work, enough water was liberated to fill the Argyre Basin.

The Argyre Basin is one of the largest impact basins on the planet, measuring roughly 1800 km (1100 mi) in diameter. This massive impact basin was formed billions of years ago by a comet or asteroid striking Mars. It drops about 5.2 km (3.2 mi) below the surrounding plains, making it the second deepest basin on Mars. Scientists have long thought that the basin once held water—as much as the Mediterranean Sea—and Buhler’s work shows how it may have filled.

“Eskers are evidence that at some point there was subglacial melt on Mars, and that’s a big mystery,” Buhler said. Eskers are long stratified ridges of sand and gravel deposited by meltwater streams that flow under glaciers. They’re common on Earth, where glaciers once covered the surface. Mars’ eskers support the idea that the same thing happened on that planet.

The subglacial rivers would have flowed underneath the ice, where they were insulated from the cold. When they exited the glacier, they would have oozed along until a thick enough ice cap formed to insulate them. Buhler says that the ice would’ve grown until it was hundreds of meters thick, and the water flowing under the ice caps would’ve been several feet deep. The water would’ve carved out river channels thousands of miles long, and there are several of those that go from the polar cap to the Argyre Basin.

“People have been trying to discover processes that could make that happen, but nothing really worked,” Buhler said. “The current best hypothesis is that there was some unspecified global warming event, but that was an unsatisfying answer to me, because we don’t know what would have caused that warming. This model explains eskers without invoking climatic warming.”

Argyre Basin is massive and voluminous, and proposed explanations for how it was filled with water were left wanting. It has approximately the same volume as the Mediterranean Sea. Buhler’s model shows that it took about ten thousand years for the basin to fill, and after it filled, the water emptied into plains about 8,000 km (5,000 miles) away.

This process happened repeatedly over a one-hundred-million-year era, with each event separated by millions of years.

“This is the first model that produces enough water to overtop Argyre, consistent with decades-old geologic observations,” Buhler said. “It’s also likely that the meltwater, once downstream, sublimated back into the atmosphere before being returned to the south polar cap, perpetuating a pole-to-equator hydrologic cycle that may have played an important role in Mars’ enigmatic pulse of late-stage hydrologic activity. What’s more, it does not require late-stage warming to explain it.”

Buhler’s work is supported by other research. “Previous literature supports the presence of a ~0.6 bar (atmospheric) CO₂ inventory, as utilized in the model, near the Noachian-Hesperian boundary,” he writes in his research. The history of Mars’ atmospheric pressure is backed up by cosmochemistry, mineralogy, atmosphere and meteorite trapped-gas isotopic ratios, geomorphology, and extrapolations of modern-day atmospheric escape.

“Thus, there is strong evidence that Mars had a sufficiently large mobile CO₂ reservoir to drive the atmospheric-collapse-driven melting scenario described in this manuscript, with collapse occurring at a time commensurate with Valley Network formation during Mars’ intense, Late Noachian/Early Hesperian terminal pulse of intense fluvial activity,” Buhler writes.

That period of Mars’ history stands out as its own distinct phase of geological activity, whereas changes were more gradual in the earlier Noachian Period. The Late Noachian/Early Hesperian saw intense valley network formation. Many of these valleys are deeply carved into the landscape, often cutting through older geological features. That suggests that the water flow was powerful and erosive. This fluvial activity also created large deposits of sediment, like the ones NASA’s Perseverance Rover is exploring in Jezero Crater.

Buhler’s research is partly based on modern-day observations of Mars’ atmospheric CO₂ and its cycles. Much of it is actually frozen and bound to the regolith. Mars’ rotational tilt shifts over a 100,000-year timeline. When it’s closer to straight up and down, the Sun hits the equator, and CO₂ is released from the regolith into the atmosphere. It eventually reaches the poles, where it’s frozen into the caps.

When Mars is tilted, the poles are warmed, and the CO₂ sublimates and is released into the atmosphere again. It eventually reaches the now-cooler regolith, which absorbs it. “The atmosphere is mostly just along for the ride,” Buhler said. “It acts as a conduit for the real action, which is the exchange between the regolith and the southern polar ice cap, even today.”

Buhler is still working with his model and intends to continue testing it more rigorously. If it successfully withstands more testing, our understanding of Mars will take a big leap forward.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/  }

09-11-2024 om 18:41 geschreven door peter  

By manufacturing satellites out of wood, the University of Kyoto scientists expect they will burn up when they re-enter Earth’s atmosphere at the end of their service. This will prevent potentially harmful metal particles from being generated when a retired satellite returns to Earth. The small satellite measures just 10 cm (4 in) on a side and weighs only 900 grams, making it one of the lightest satellites ever sent to space. Its name comes from the Latin word for wood (“lingo”) and CubeSat, a class of small satellites with a form factor of 10 cm cubes.

Before launch, the science team installed LingoSat in a special container prepared by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). According to a spokesperson for Sumitomo Forestry, LignoSat’s co-developer, the satellite will “arrive at the ISS soon and will be released to outer space about a month later.”

Once the satellite reaches the ISS, it will dock via the Kibo Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) before deployment. It will then spend the next six months in space, and data will be sent from the satellite to researchers who will monitor it for signs of strain. Ultimately, the goal is to determine if wooden satellites can withstand the extreme temperature changes and conditions in space. A second satellite, LingoSat 2, is a double-unit CubeSat currently scheduled for launch in 2026.

Further Reading: 

• The Guardian

{ https://www.universetoday.com/  }

09-11-2024 om 18:40 geschreven door peter  

Massive stars about eight times more massive than the Sun explode as supernovae at the end of their lives. The explosions, which leave behind a black hole or a neutron star, are so energetic they can outshine their host galaxies for months. However, astronomers appear to have spotted a massive star that skipped the explosion and turned directly into a black hole.

Stars are balancing acts between the outward force of fusion and the inward force of their own gravity. When a massive star enters its last evolutionary stages, it begins to run out of hydrogen, and its fusion weakens. The outward force from its fusion can no longer counteract the star’s powerful gravity, and the star collapses in on itself. The result is a supernova explosion, a calamitous event that destroys the star and leaves behind a black hole or a neutron star.

However, it appears that sometimes these stars fail to explode as supernovae and instead turn directly into black holes.

New research shows how one massive, hydrogen-depleted supergiant star in the Andromeda galaxy (M31) failed to detonate as a supernova. The research is “The disappearance of a massive star marking the birth of a black hole in M31.” The lead author is Kishalay De, a postdoctoral scholar at the Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research at MIT.

These types of supernovae are called core-collapse supernovae, also known as Type II. They’re relatively rare, with one occurring about every one hundred years in the Milky Way. Scientists are interested in supernovae because they are responsible for creating many of the heavy elements, and their shock waves can trigger star formation. They also create cosmic rays that can reach Earth.

This new research shows that we may not understand supernovae as well as we thought.

The star in question is named M31-2014-DS1. Astronomers noticed it brightening in mid-infrared (MIR) in 2014. For one thousand days, its luminosity was constant. Then, for another thousand days between 2016 and 2019, it faded dramatically. It’s a variable star, but that can’t explain these fluctuations. In 2023, it was undetected in deep optical and near-IR (NIR) imaging observations.

The researchers say that the star was born with an initial mass of about 20 stellar masses and reached its terminal nuclear-burning phase with about 6.7 stellar masses. Their observations suggest that the star is surrounded by a recently ejected dust shell, in accordance with a supernova explosion, but there’s no evidence of an optical outburst.

“The dramatic and sustained fading of M31-2014-DS1 is exceptional in the landscape of variability in massive, evolved stars,” the authors write. “The sudden decline of luminosity in M31-2014-DS1 points to the cessation of nuclear burning together with a subsequent shock that fails to overcome the infalling material.” A supernova explosion is so powerful that it completely overcomes infalling material.

“Lacking any evidence for a luminous outburst at such proximity, the observations of M31-2014-DS1 bespeak signatures of a ‘failed’ SN that leads to the collapse of the stellar core,” the authors explain.

What could make a star fail to explode as a supernova, even if it’s the right mass to explode?

Supernovae are complex events. The density inside a collapsing core is so extreme that electrons are forced to combine with protons, creating both neutrons and neutrinos. This process is called neutronization, and it creates a powerful burst of neutrinos that carries about 10% of the star’s rest mass energy. The outburst is called a neutrino shock.

Neutrinos get their name from the fact that they’re electrically neutral and seldom interact with regular matter. Every second, about 400 billion neutrinos from our Sun pass right through every person on Earth. But in a dense stellar core, the neutrino density is so extreme that some of them deposit their energy into the surrounding stellar material. This heats the material, which generates a shock wave.

The neutrino shock always stalls, but sometimes it revives. When it revives, it drives an explosion and expels the outer layer of the supernova. If it’s not revived, the shock wave fails, and the star collapses and forms a black hole.

In M31-2014-DS1, the neutrino shock was not revived. The researchers were able to constrain the amount of material ejected by the star, and it was far below what a supernovae would eject. “These constraints imply that the majority of stellar material (?5 solar masses) collapsed into the core, exceeding the maximum mass of a neutron star (NS) and forming a BH,” they conclude. About 98% of the star’s mass collapsed and created a black hole with about 6.5 solar masses.

M31-2014-DS1 isn’t the only failed supernova, or candidate failed supernova, that astronomers have found. They’re difficult to spot because they’re characterized by what doesn’t happen rather than what does. A supernova is hard to miss because it’s so bright and appears in the sky suddenly. Ancient astronomers recorded several of them.

In 2009, astronomers discovered the only other confirmed failed supernova. It was a supergiant red star in NGC 6946, the “Fireworks Galaxy.” It’s named N6946-BH1 and has about 25 solar masses. After disappearing from view, it left only a faint infrared glow. In 2009, its luminosity increased to a million solar luminosities, but by 2015, it had disappeared in optical light.

A survey with the Large Binocular Telescope monitored 27 nearby galaxies, looking for disappearing massive stars. The results suggest that between 20% and 30% of massive stars can end their lives as failed supernovae. However, M31-2014-DS1 and N6946-BH1 are the only confirmed observations.

SHOCKING Transformation: How a STAR Turns into a BLACK HOLE

We Just Found Neutron Stars Crashing Into Black Holes

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

09-11-2024 om 18:39 geschreven door peter  

US once considered a program to reverse-engineer alien spacecraft, Pentagon report reveals

But it never came to be, according to a new report.

08-11-2024 om 23:59 geschreven door peter  

“To date, AARO has not discovered any empirical evidence that any sighting of a UAP represented off-world technology or the existence a classified program that had not been properly reported to Congress,” the report said.

Citing investigations that revealed most sightings to result from the “misidentification of ordinary objects and phenomena,” the report acknowledged that “many UAP reports remain unsolved,” though adding that better data could lead to the resolution of some of the currently unresolved cases.

In advance of the report’s release, Tim Phillips, acting director of AARO on assignment from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), provided a briefing to a limited number of reporters on Wednesday, where he discussed the new report and revealed details about a new system called “Gremlin” designed to acquire real-time data on UAP. The Debrief did not participate in Wednesday’s media briefing.

Following the release of the report, Department of Defense spokesperson Sue Gough said in an email to The Debrief that “AARO reviewed all official USG investigatory efforts since 1945, researched classified and unclassified archives, conducted dozens of interviews and site visits, and partnered with the Intelligence Community and DoD officials responsible for special access program oversight.”

“AARO created a secure process in partnership with the highest-level security officials within the DoD, IC, and other organizations to research and investigate these claims,” Gough said. “AARO was granted full, unrestricted access by all organizations.”

Although there were notable exceptions, most media coverage of the new AARO report focused almost entirely on the lack of evidence linking UAP sightings to extraterrestrial technologies, as well as the absence of classified programs involved in the recovery of crashed vehicles of non-human origin.

Also commanding media attention had been revelations involving the existence of a proposed program pitched to the Department of Homeland Security in the 2010s under the codename “Kona Blue,” which involved a prospective reverse engineering program for any extraterrestrial technologies acquired by the U.S. government.

According to the AARO report, Kona Blue had been proposed by former members of a DIA program called the Advanced Aerospace Weapons Systems Application Program (AAWSAP), whose personnel are identified in the report as some of the main proponents behind ongoing assertions involving secret U.S. government UAP programs.

The report says that AARO investigators found no evidence that extraterrestrial craft or their occupants had ever been acquired by the U.S. military and that Kona Blue was ultimately rejected by DHS leadership due to a lack of merit.

Friday’s report was met with significant criticism online following its release, with many arguing that its findings were invalid, while others expressed skepticism over its assertions that no evidence of cover-ups involving crashed UAP retrieval programs had been found.

The report’s findings appear to run in stark contrast to whistleblower allegations that first received widespread public attention last June, involving an official complaint filed with the Intelligence Community Inspector General by David Grusch, a former U.S. intelligence officer whose duties included participation in the U.S. government’s investigations into UAP in recent years.

In January, Inspector General of the Intelligence Community Thomas Monheim spoke with members of the House Oversight and Accountability Committee during a classified briefing on UAP, with some who attended claiming it left them with more questions than answers regarding ongoing claims of secret programs and exotic technologies.

Following the release of AARO’s report on Friday, amidst all the attention surrounding what AARO investigators did or did not find, and programs that were proposed but never came to fruition, few mainstream outlets discussed the numerous intriguing allusions to legitimate advanced capabilities the U.S. possesses that are peppered throughout the report—many of which, in likelihood, actually have contributed to UAP sightings over the years.

These seemingly went unnoticed, as well as several factual errors that appear throughout the new report that, for some, potentially undermine the level of rigor AARO appears to have applied in its investigations.

Fact-Checking AARO’s Historical Report

Among the many mistakes that appear in the new report, one of the most glaring appears in references to the late Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and his involvement in helping acquire funding for a controversial UAP investigative effort run out of the Defense Intelligence Agency in the early 2000s. The report refers to the Democrat Senator’s home state as being New Mexico, whereas Reid was a U.S. Senator from Nevada.

In another instance, a famous sighting reported by pilot Kenneth Arnold near Mount Rainer, Washington in the summer of 1947 is described as having taken place on “June 23,” one day earlier than Arnold’s sighting occurred.

The report similarly claims Arnold described the objects he observed as being “saucer-like aircraft”, although this now-famous characterization was only later applied by members of the media who, at the time, were referencing Arnold’s description of their movement resembling “saucers” skipping across water.

In yet another example, the AARO report repeatedly refers to a statistical analysis of sightings collected by the U.S. Air Force’s Project Blue Book conducted by the Battelle Memorial Institute as “Project BEAR,” which had, in fact, only been a nickname given to the program by Blue Book’s original director, Edward J. Ruppelt. The project’s actual name—one that has now been known publicly for decades—was Project STORK.

“The name Project BEAR was an intentionally false name made by Edward Ruppelt,” wrote Robert Powell, an Executive Board Member with the Scientific Coalition for UAP Studies, in a  posting on X, “so as not to reveal the true name of the project.”

Powell also noted that the recent AARO report seemingly misstated the date of the Battelle project as having been issued in late 1954, whereas the date on the folder in the Air Force’s Project Blue Book files indicates a date of May 5, 1955.

Beyond mere problems with dates, AARO’s report makes further assertions that Battelle’s study, the results of which were published in a report titled Project Blue Book Special Report #14, “concluded that all cases that had enough data were resolved and readily explainable.” Quite the contrary, the study actually found that among the UFO sightings categorized within a reliability group of reports deemed “Excellent,” only 4.2% had “insufficient info,” whereas 33.3% of these cases remained “Unknown.”

In a posting on X, Marik von Rennenkampf, an analyst who worked with the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, called the error “Blatantly, demonstrably false.”

Intriguing Accounts and Unsolved Cases

Despite the number of factual errors that appear throughout the final AARO report, there are nonetheless a handful of intriguing references in it that appear to describe advanced U.S. technologies, although again, few of these have received significant attention in mainstream coverage.

In one example, which describes an individual’s account provided during an interview with AARO investigators, the report states that “AARO was able to correlate this account with an authentic USG program because the interviewee was able to provide a relatively precise time and location of the sighting which they observed exhibiting strange characteristics.”

Test flight during the 1970s of Lockheed’s then-secret Have Blue, the code name for its stealth fighter

(Public Domain).

AARO concluded the technology mistaken for being an exotic UAP technology by the unnamed witness correlated with DoD tests “of a platform protected by a [Special Access Program]” occurring at roughly the same time. “The seemingly strange characteristics reported by the interviewee match closely with the platform’s characteristics,” the AARO report’s authors state, “which was being tested at a military facility in the time frame the interviewee was there.”

“This program is not related in any way to the exploitation of off-world technology,” the report’s authors emphasize, offering no further details on the technology that is believed to have been mistaken for a test involving an exotic craft.

The report’s authors later add that “All the programs assessed to be authentic were or—if still active—continue to be, appropriately reported to either or both the congressional defense and intelligence committees.”

In another instance, material believed to have been retrieved from a UAP was subjected to analysis by the U.S. Army, with subsequent analysis conducted by AARO and “a leading science laboratory,” concluding that “the material is a metallic alloy, terrestrial in nature, and possibly of USAF origin, based on its materials characterization.”

Although most of AARO’s reported findings dismissed any verifiable connections to exotic craft or genuine unexplained phenomena, linking them instead to known U.S. government programs, there are a handful of incidents AARO said it was still investigating, which included a series of widely discussed UAP events that occurred at U.S. strategic sites during the 1960s and 1970s.

“AARO is researching U.S. and adversarial activity related to these events,” the report states, “including any U.S. programs that tested defensive ballistic missile capabilities.”

The report also maintains AARO’s past positions regarding the likelihood that prosaic explanations exist for the majority of UAP sightings, although its authors nonetheless acknowledge that there are still some cases the Pentagon’s UAP investigative office has been unable to solve.

“A small percentage of cases have potentially anomalous characteristics or concerning characteristics,” the report’s authors write. “AARO has kept Congress fully and currently informed of its findings. AARO’s research continues on these cases.”

Questions Of Access and Ongoing Problems

Last April, during a Senate Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities hearing led by U.S. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick, then-Director of AARO, agreed when asked about AARO’s Title 50 accessibility by Senator Gillibrand that “having additional authorities for collection, tasking, counterintelligence… those are all things that would be helpful, yes.”

In the U.S., most activities conducted by the Intelligence Community, including covert action missions, foreign espionage, and other activities best suited for combating unconventional external threats, operate under what is known as Title 50 authority.

Although Dr. Kirkpatrick emphasized having “good relations” with other agencies during last April’s hearing, his statements gave the distinct impression that AARO had been operating solely under Title 10 authority for the duration of its mission at that time, which would seemingly place limitations on its ability to acquire information related to the Intelligence Community’s involvement with UAP investigations, including but not limited to exchanges of data and tasking collection assets.

Responding to questions from The Debrief, Pentagon spokesperson Susan Gough clarified that AARO does have access to U.S. intelligence information that falls under Title 50 authority.

“There is no impediment to AARO receiving all UAP-related information, past or present, regardless of level or origin of classification,” Gough told The Debrief. “By law, AARO may receive all UAP-related information, at all levels of classification, regardless of whether the original classification authority for such information is within DoD or the Intelligence Community.”

Although AARO does appear to have access to all the intelligence on UAP that it required, contrary to what was conveyed during last April’s Senate hearing, the Pentagon nonetheless continues to face challenges in its collection and management of information about UAP.

Earlier this year, an unclassified summary of a DoD Inspector General report evaluating the Pentagon’s activities related to UAP was released, which argued that the DoD lacks any comprehensive, coordinated means by which it can currently address UAP. The report further argued that the DoD’s apparent lack of coordination on the UAP issue could pose a threat to U.S. military forces and, more broadly, to national security.

“We determined that the DoD has no overarching UAP policy,” a portion of the DoD Inspector General report read, “and, as a result, it lacks assurance that national security and flight safety threats to the United States from UAP have been identified and mitigated.”

In a statement on Friday following the new AARO historical report’s release, Pentagon Press Secretary Major General Pat Ryder said the second volume of AARO’s historical review will be forthcoming later this year.

“AARO will publish a second volume that will provide analysis of information acquired by AARO after Nov. 1, 2023, including information received via interviews with current and former U.S. government personnel who contacted AARO via the secure reporting mechanism on AARO’s website,” Ryder said.

“Analyzing and understanding the historical record on UAP is an ongoing collaborative effort involving many departments and agencies, and the department thanks the contributing departments and agencies, as well as the interviewees who came forward with information,” Ryder added.

• Micah Hanks is the Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. He can be reached by email at micah@thedebrief.org. Follow his work at micahhanks.com and on X: @MicahHanks.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/uap/ }

08-11-2024 om 23:24 geschreven door peter  

The egg or the chicken? An ancient unicellular says egg!

The first life forms to appear on Earth were unicellular, i.e. composed of a single cell, such as yeast or bacteria. Later, animals - multicellular organisms - evolved, developing from a single cell, the egg cell, to form complex beings. This embryonic development follows precise stages that are remarkably similar between animal species and could date back to a period well before the appearance of animals. However, the transition from unicellular species to multicellular organisms is still very poorly understood.

These cells divide without growing any further, forming multicellular colonies resembling the early stages of animal embryonic development.

Recently appointed as an assistant professor at the Department of Biochemistry in the UNIGE Faculty of Science, and formerly an SNSF Ambizione researcher at EPFL, Omaya Dudin and his team have focused on Chromosphaera perkinsii, or C. perkinsii, an ancestral species of protist. This unicellular organism separated from the animal evolutionary line more than a billion years ago, offering valuable insight into the mechanisms that may have led to the transition to multicellularity.

By observing C. perkinsii, the scientists discovered that these cells, once they have reached their maximum size, divide without growing any further, forming multicellular colonies resembling the early stages of animal embryonic development. Unprecedentedly, these colonies persist for around a third of their life cycle and comprise at least two distinct cell types, a surprising phenomenon for this type of organism.

Images of the multicellular development of the ichthyosporean Chromosphaera perkinsii, a close cousin of animals. In red we can see the membranes and in blue the nuclei with their DNA. The image was obtained using expansion microscopy.

© O. Dudin, UNIGE

‘‘Although C. perkinsii is a unicellular species, this behaviour shows that multicellular coordination and differentiation processes are already present in the species, well before the first animals appeared on Earth’’, explains Omaya Dudin, who led this research.

Even more surprisingly, the way these cells divide and the three-dimensional structure they adopt are strikingly reminiscent of the early stages of embryonic development in animals. In collaboration with Dr John Burns (Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences), analysis of the genetic activity within these colonies revealed intriguing similarities with that observed in animal embryos, suggesting that the genetic programmes governing complex multicellular development were already present over a billion years ago.

Marine Olivetta, laboratory technician at the Department of Biochemistry in the UNIGE Faculty of Science and first author of the study, explains: “It’s fascinating, a species discovered very recently allows us to go back in time more than a billion years”. In fact, the study shows that either the principle of embryonic development existed before animals, or multicellular development mechanisms evolved separately in C. perkinsii.

This discovery could also shed new light on a long-standing scientific debate concerning 600 million-year-old fossils that resemble embryos, and could challenge certain traditional conceptions of multicellularity.

VIDEOS

{ https://www.unige.ch/ }

08-11-2024 om 22:20 geschreven door peter  

Wat kwam er eerst, de kip of het ei? Onderzoekers zeggen nu: het ei!

In een prehistorisch eencellig organisme is een celdeling ontdekt die lijkt op die van een dierlijk embryo. En dat is interessant, want dit geeft aan dat embryonale ontwikkeling mogelijk al bestond voordat dieren zich ontwikkelden.

Al eeuwenlang vragen wetenschappers zich af wat er eerst was: de kip of het ei? Vorig jaar stelden onderzoekers nog dat het de kip was. Maar een nieuwe studie komt nu tot een andere conclusie. Volgens deze onderzoekers zijn er nu namelijk overtuigende aanwijzingen dat het ei toch echt het eerste was.

Eerste levensvormen
De eerste levensvormen op aarde waren eencellig, zoals gist of bacteriën. Later evolueerden dieren, meercellige organismen, die zich vanaf één cel, de eicel, ontwikkelden tot complexe wezens. Deze embryonale ontwikkeling verloopt in verschillende stadia die opvallende overeenkomsten vertonen tussen dierlijke soorten en mogelijk al stammen uit een tijd vóór de eerste dieren. De overgang van eencellige naar meercellige organismen wordt echter nog steeds niet volledig begrepen.

Chromosphaera perkinsii
In een nieuwe studie hebben onderzoekers de eencellige soort Chromosphaera perkinsii bestudeerd. C. perkinsii werd in 2017 gevonden in zeesedimenten rondom Hawaï en is een voorouderlijke soort van protisten. De eerste aanwijzingen voor het bestaan van deze soort op aarde gaan meer dan een miljard jaar terug, lang vóór de opkomst van de eerste dieren. Omdat dit eencellige organisme zich meer dan een miljard jaar geleden afsplitste van de dierlijke evolutielijn, verschaft het belangrijke inzichten in de processen die mogelijk geleid hebben tot de overgang naar meercelligheid. “Het is fascinerend dat een soort die pas recent is ontdekt, ons in staat stelt om meer dan een miljard jaar terug in de tijd te kijken”, zegt onderzoeksleider Marine Olivetta.

Multicellulaire structuren
Het onderzoek naar C. perkinsii leidt tot een opmerkelijke ontdekking. Zo ontdekten de wetenschappers dat de cellen, zodra ze hun maximale grootte hebben bereikt, zich delen zonder verder te groeien. Vervolgens vormen ze multicellulaire structuren. Opmerkelijk is dat deze structuren ongeveer een derde van hun levenscyclus intact blijven en minstens twee verschillende celtypen bevatten, wat een verrassend fenomeen is voor dit soort organisme. “Hoewel C. perkinsii een eencellige soort is, laat dit gedrag zien dat processen van multicellulaire coördinatie en differentiatie al aanwezig waren in deze soort, lang voordat de eerste dieren op aarde verschenen”, aldus onderzoeker Omaya Dudin.

Dierlijke embryo’s
Nog verrassender is de manier waarop deze cellen zich delen en de driedimensionale structuur die ze aannemen. Dit lijkt namelijk sterk op de vroege stadia van de embryonale ontwikkeling bij dieren. De analyse van de genetische activiteit in deze structuren vertonen dus opvallende overeenkomsten met die in dierlijke embryo’s.

Het ei
Deze waarnemingen wijzen op twee mogelijke verklaringen: ofwel de genetische programma’s voor embryonale ontwikkeling bestonden al vóór de opkomst van dieren, of C. perkinsii ontwikkelde zich onafhankelijk om vergelijkbare processen te vertonen. Dit zou betekenen dat de natuur al de genetische middelen had om ‘eieren te maken’ lang voordat het ‘kippen uitvond’.

Inzicht
Vergeet dus de kip, want mogelijk was toch het ei er het eerste. Deze ontdekking zou overigens ook nieuwe inzichten kunnen bieden in een ander langlopend wetenschappelijk debat over fossielen van 600 miljoen jaar oud die op embryo’s lijken. Bovendien zou het sommige traditionele ideeën over meercelligheid kunnen uitdagen.

Al met al werpt de studie, gepubliceerd in Nature, nieuwe perspectieven op de overgang van eencellige naar meercellige organismen en kan de manier waarop we de evolutie van multicellulaire levensvormen begrijpen, fundamenteel veranderen. De studie daagt ook traditionele opvattingen uit over de oorsprong van embryonale ontwikkeling en biedt stof tot nadenken over de evolutie van multicellulaire organismen als geheel.

Bronmateriaal

• "The egg or the chicken? An ancient unicellular says egg!" - Université de Genève
• Afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel:

{ https://scientias.nl/ }

08-11-2024 om 22:06 geschreven door peter  

Sheehan claimed that 'strange phenomenons' on Earth are taking place such as humans expressing telepathic skills, teleportation, astral travel and remote viewing . . . which extraterrestrial are believed to be able to do

Danny Sheehan loves a good alien claim 

(Image: Jesse Michels/YouTube)

Aliens are two billions years more advanced – both technologically and psychically – than humans, an alien-loving lawyer has claimed. Danny Sheehan has been involved in bringing UFO whistleblowers to the United States Congress in recent years.

He has been helping to provide explosive evidence of alleged government cover-ups regarding real encounters with extraterrestrial beings. And after making series of bombshell claims regarding the potential locations of two bases with hundreds of UFOs seen going “in and out of it”, and that aliens are stealing human eggs and sperm, he has now returned with another one.

Sheehan, speaking to Jesse Michels on his YouTube channel, divulged more details about just how advanced aliens are compared to the human race . . . despite the fact we still appear able to stop them as he has previously claimed before.

He claimed that aliens are 'two billion years' more advanced than humans

(Image: Getty Images)

He said: “They are two billion years more technologically advanced than we are and they happen to have figured how to come and go from our planet.”

Sheehan also claimed there are other “strange phenomenons” going on on Earth, such as humans expressing telepathic skills, teleportation, astral travel and remote viewing . . . all of which extraterrestrial beings are believed to be able to do. He claimed humans have turned people who are said to have done these things into religious figures – like “Jesus Christ or Buddah”.

“Therefore, there's something super non-human about them, they're spiritual, they're from some other domain somewhere – that's not true. What they are is mutations of our human family and as that faculty is evolving, some humans are more fully evolved than others and that attracts attention.

“This is another element that really intelligent thinking, careful people who are not ignorant are interested in.”

And when asked if this is the “source code” of religion, he replied: “Yes, there's no doubt about it.”

{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

08-11-2024 om 21:42 geschreven door peter  

Scientists Have Discovered a “Lost” Mayan Megacity, Complete With Hidden Pyramids

Tulane researchers uncovered over 6,500 Maya structures in Mexico using lidar, revealing a complex settlement landscape and challenging previous assumptions about the Maya civilization’s urban and rural distribution.

Tulane University researchers have used laser-guided imaging to peer through dense jungle forests, revealing vast unexplored Maya settlements in Mexico and a better understanding of the ancient civilization’s extent and complexity.

The new research, published in the journal Antiquity, was led by Tulane University anthropology doctoral student Luke Auld-Thomas and his advisor, Professor Marcello A. Canuto.

The team used lidar, a laser-based detection system, to survey 50 square miles of land in Campeche, Mexico, an area largely overlooked by archaeologists. Their findings included evidence of more than 6,500 pre-Hispanic structures, including a previously unknown large city complete with iconic stone pyramids.

Lidar technology has allowed scientists to survey large swaths of land from the comfort of a computer lab, uncovering anomalies in the landscape that often prove to be pyramids, family houses, and other examples of Maya infrastructure.

Credit: Marcello Canuto

Surprising Discoveries and Varied Settlements

“Our analysis not only revealed a picture of a region that was dense with settlements, but it also revealed a lot of variability,” said Auld-Thomas, a doctoral student in Tulane’s Anthropology Department and instructor at Northern Arizona University. “We didn’t just find rural areas and smaller settlements. We also found a large city with pyramids right next to the area’s only highway, near a town where people have been actively farming among the ruins for years. The government never knew about it; the scientific community never knew about it. That really puts an exclamation point behind the statement that, no, we have not found everything, and yes, there’s a lot more to be discovered.”

The Middle American Research Institute (MARI) at Tulane University has been pioneering the use of lidar technology in archaeological research. Over the past decade, the MARI has built a state-of-the-art Geographic Information Systems (GIS) lab, managed by Francisco Estrada-Belli, to analyze remote sensing data, such as lidar.

Ancient buildings clustered on a hilltop are revealed by a narrow transect of lidar survey data. Lidar technology uses laser pulses to measure distances and create 3D models of specific areas.

Credit: Luke Auld-Thomas

Lidar technology uses laser pulses to measure distances and create three-dimensional models of specific areas. It has allowed scientists to scan large swaths of land from the comfort of a computer lab, uncovering anomalies in the landscape that often prove to be pyramids, family houses, and other examples of Maya infrastructure.

“Thanks to generous funding from the Hitz Foundation, MARI has been at the forefront of the use of lidar technology in archaeological research over the past decade,” said Canuto, director of the MARI. “Now our efforts are expanding from data analysis to data collection and acquisition. The work conducted on these data from Campeche represents how MARI’s ‘lidar footprint’ is expanding.”

Implications for Understanding Maya Population and Settlement Patterns

This research may also help resolve ongoing debates about the true extent of Maya settlements.

“Because lidar allows us to map large areas very quickly, and at really high precision and levels of detail, that made us react, ‘Oh wow, there are so many buildings out there we didn’t know about, the population must have been huge,’” Auld-Thomas said. “The counterargument was that lidar surveys were still too tethered to known, large sites, such as Tikal, and therefore had developed a distorted image of the Maya lowlands. What if the rest of the Maya area was far more rural and what we had mapped so far was the exception instead of the rule?”

The study highlights the transformative power of lidar technology in unveiling the secrets of ancient civilizations. It also provides compelling evidence of a more complex and varied Maya landscape than previously thought.

“Lidar is teaching us that, like many other ancient civilizations, the lowland Maya built a diverse tapestry of towns and communities over their tropical landscape,” Canuto said. “While some areas are replete with vast agricultural patches and dense populations, others have only small communities. Nonetheless, we can now see how much the ancient Maya changed their environment to support a long-lived complex society.”

Reference:

• “Running out of empty space: environmental lidar and the crowded ancient landscape of Campeche, Mexico” by Luke Auld-Thomas, Marcello A. Canuto, Adriana Velázquez Morlet, Francisco Estrada-Belli, David Chatelain, Diego Matadamas, Michelle Pigott and Juan Carlos Fernández Díaz, 29 October 2024, Antiquity.
  DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2024.148

{ https://scitechdaily.com/ }

08-11-2024 om 21:12 geschreven door peter  

Laser Mapping Reveals Previously Unknown Maya City with Stone Pyramids in Mexico

Using a laser-based detection system, archaeologists have discovered over 6,500 pre-Hispanic structures — including a previously unknown Maya city named Valeriana — in Campeche, Mexico.

Detail of the major site of Valeriana in Campeche, Mexico.

Image credit: Auld-Thomas et al., doi: 10.15184/aqy.2024.148.

“Our analysis not only revealed a picture of a region that was dense with settlements, but it also revealed a lot of variability,” said Luke Auld-Thomas, a doctoral student at Tulane University and instructor at Northern Arizona University.

“We didn’t just find rural areas and smaller settlements. We also found a large city with pyramids right next to the area’s only highway, near a town where people have been actively farming among the ruins for years.”

“The government never knew about it; the scientific community never knew about it.”

“That really puts an exclamation point behind the statement that, no, we have not found everything, and yes, there’s a lot more to be discovered.”

Lidar technology uses laser pulses to measure distances and to create 3D models of specific areas.

It has allowed the scientists to scan large swaths of land from the comfort of a computer lab, uncovering anomalies in the landscape that often prove to be pyramids, family houses and other examples Maya infrastructure.

“Because lidar allows us to map large areas very quickly, and at really high precision and levels of detail, that made us react, ‘Oh wow, there are so many buildings out there we didn’t know about, the population must have been huge’,” Auld-Thomas said.

“The counterargument was that lidar surveys were still too tethered to known, large sites, such as Tikal, and therefore had developed a distorted image of the Maya lowlands.”

“What if the rest of the Maya area was far more rural and what we had mapped so far was the exception instead of the rule?”

The team’s results provide compelling evidence of a more complex and varied Maya landscape than previously thought.

“Lidar is teaching us that, like many other ancient civilizations, the lowland Maya built a diverse tapestry of towns and communities over their tropical landscape,” said Tulane University’s Professor Marcello Canuto.

“While some areas are replete with vast agricultural patches and dense populations, others have only small communities.”

“Nonetheless, we can now see how much the ancient Maya changed their environment to support a long-lived complex society.”

• A paper on the findings was published on October 29, 2024 in the journal Antiquity.
• Luke Auld-Thomas et al. 2024. Running out of empty space: environmental lidar and the crowded ancient landscape of Campeche, Mexico. Antiquity 98 (401): 1340-1358; doi: 10.15184/aqy.2024.148

{ https://www.sci.news/ }

08-11-2024 om 20:54 geschreven door peter  

Erich Von Däniken Changed NASA Engineer Mind, Convincing Him To Consider Ezekiel Vision As Alien Spacecraft

Erich von Däniken, a Swiss author famous for his “ancient astronaut” theories (particularly in his book Chariots of the Gods), met Josef F. Blumrich, a NASA engineer. The meeting is said to have occurred in the 1970s, where von Däniken presented his idea that Ezekiel’s vision in the Bible might have been a description of an alien spacecraft rather than a divine chariot.

Blumrich, at the time, was skeptical of von Däniken’s theories. Initially, he sought to disprove them, thinking they were absurd. However, after investigating Ezekiel’s vision in more detail, Blumrich began to change his mind. He wrote a book called “The Spaceships of Ezekiel,” where he argued that Ezekiel’s vision could indeed describe an advanced spacecraft, specifically suggesting that the “wheels within wheels” might represent a form of advanced technology.

Blumrich went on to patent a design for an omnidirectional wheel, which he claimed was inspired by his interpretation of Ezekiel’s description. This was part of his attempt to demonstrate how Ezekiel might have described advanced, though hypothetical, technology.

Ezekiel is a key figure in Judaism and prominent in other Abrahamic biblical texts. Ezekiel was brought to Babylon in the first captivity of Israel and is described as a prophet.

One of the interesting characteristics of The Book of Ezekiel as a biblical text is that it is written using the pronoun, I, clearly showing it being written by Ezekiel himself as a first-person account, unlike many biblical texts written in the third person. This seems to lend a little more credit and personality to the story as it is told shortly after its occurrence.

The Flying Wheeled Chariot

“4 I looked, and I saw a windstorm coming out of the north—an immense cloud with flashing lightning and surrounded by brilliant light. The center of the fire looked like glowing metal, 5 and in the fire was what looked like four living creatures. In appearance their form was human, 6 but each of them had four faces and four wings. 7 Their legs were straight; their feet were like those of a calf and gleamed like burnished bronze. 8 Under their wings on their four sides they had human hands. All four of them had faces and wings, 9 and the wings of one touched the wings of another. Each one went straight ahead; they did not turn as they moved.” – Ezekiel 1

Ezekiel talks about seeing a chariot with wheels come down from the sky, driven by beings that looked like humans. While many versions of the Bible say this being on the chariot is God, von Däniken notes that the original Hebrew text doesn’t mention God; the word was added later.

Ezekiel’s description of the chariot landing sounds a lot like how a spacecraft might land. The strong wind, lightning, and bright lights are similar to what you might see when a spaceship lands, stirring up dust in a way no one from that time had ever seen. Ezekiel even says the fire powering the chariot looked like ‘glowing metal.’

There is a clear difference between this description and how Ezekiel’s vision is usually shown in Bible artwork. Many pictures leave out important details like the fire, the wheels that move in all directions, and the crystal dome around the heads of human-like beings.

The Four Living Creatures

“15 As I looked at the living creatures, I saw a wheel on the ground beside each creature with its four faces. 16 This was the appearance and structure of the wheels: They sparkled like topaz, and all four looked alike. Each appeared to be made like a wheel intersecting a wheel. 17 As they moved, they would go in any one of the four directions the creatures faced; the wheels did not change direction as the creatures went. 18 Their rims were high and awesome, and all four rims were full of eyes all around… 22 Spread out above the heads of the living creatures was what looked something like a vault, sparkling like crystal, and awesome.” – Ezekiel 1

Many people think the four creatures are cherubim or angel-like beings, especially in ancient Jewish (Genesis 3:24 ) and Christian (Exodus 25:18-20) texts. These creatures, looking like humans, are believed by some to be aliens who take Ezekiel in their UFO to a ‘temple’ on top of a mountain. During the journey, Ezekiel says he felt God’s hand on him, which could be understood as the strong forces of gravity or g-forces when the UFO lifts off. He is brought to their ‘temple,’ possibly a place or city where they live.

In many biblical stories, the Ark of the Covenant is an important object for von Däniken’s theory. He believes its mention in the Kebra Nagast, an Ethiopian Christian story about King Solomon, is the most significant. In this story, it’s said that King Solomon had flying machines not mentioned in the Bible, as well as the famous Ark.

The texts suggest people were afraid of the Ark because it killed those who came too close. Could it have been radioactive or electrically charged? Was it like a plutonium reactor?

Erich Von Däniken thinks there are other Bible verses that support his ancient astronaut theory. Some hint at places for spacecraft to land, similar to the one Ezekiel visited. One such place is the Chavin de Huantar temple in Peru, located high up on a mountain from an unknown culture.

Read also:

• This Mexican Scientist Claimed We Live in a Holographic Matrix, Disappears Mysteriously After It
• Tom DeLonge Claimed There’s A Massive Underground Pyramid In Alaska, Larger Than The Great Pyramid Of Giza, Potentially Suppressing Human Consciousness
• This Man Went To Find Giant Alien Pyramid Buried Deep in the Alaskan Wilderness & Never Seen Again

The temple has winged figures and sculpted heads that look like they’re wearing helmets. Von Däniken believes these might be similar to the ones Ezekiel described. Could this be real evidence of an ancient UFO sighting, or just an imaginative idea?

Missouri Republican Eric Burlison attended a secret briefing on UFOs 10 months ago, but he says it hasn’t changed his beliefs. “There’s nothing that’s been said that’s changed my worldview,” he stated. He trusts the people who spoke about UFOs publicly but thinks there might be more to the story.

Burlison has suggested that UFOs could be angels sent by God. In an interview on “That UFO Podcast,” he explained that by “angels,” he means beings from other dimensions. He said, “They may not fit exactly the Biblical narrative, but whenever I use the term ‘angels,’ to me, it’s synonymous with an extradimensional being.”

On the podcast, Burlison also shared his views on different UFO theories, mentioning a report by UFO whistleblower David Grusch. Grusch claimed that the government secretly recovered alien spacecraft, with dead “pilots” inside. Burlison pointed to one theory in the report: the idea that these beings could exist in higher dimensions beyond our usual understanding of space and time. (Source)

He used an example of living on a flat surface and suddenly encountering a 3D object to explain higher-dimensional beings. In this case, he suggested that we live in a 3D world but could be dealing with beings from a dimension beyond ours, where distance doesn’t work the same way.

Burlison is doubtful about aliens traveling from distant planets to visit Earth, given the vast distances involved. He questioned why an advanced alien race would come so far only to crash on Earth. Instead, he thinks it’s more likely that these beings are extradimensional.

He added that religious texts, including the Bible, talk about God’s messengers or angels existing in higher dimensions. While Burlison acknowledges the visual evidence and pilots’ testimonies about UFOs, he thinks the explanation might not be as exciting as people hope. In his view, these sightings might be new propulsion technology being developed on Earth.

To make his point, he mentioned the discovery of the Higgs boson particle about ten years ago, which relates to gravity. Just as the nuclear bomb was developed after the discovery of nuclear fission, Burlison thinks scientists may be using the Higgs field to create new technology, possibly for advanced propulsion.

He’s not alone in connecting UFOs with religious ideas. Representative Tim Burchett has also said that UFOs are in the Bible, specifically referring to the book of Ezekiel. In Ezekiel 1:4-28, a vision describes an “immense cloud with flashing lightning,” “four living creatures” with human-like forms but with four faces and wings, and wheels that moved with them, which Burchett linked to UFOs.

{ https://howandwhys.com/ }

08-11-2024 om 20:51 geschreven door peter  

Archons: Cosmic Manipulators Shaping Humanity’s Reality

Throughout history, the existence of cosmic entities influencing the affairs of humankind has been a recurring theme across cultures. Among these are the Archons—a mysterious alien race described in ancient texts and expounded upon by modern thinkers like John Lash and David Icke. According to Lash and Icke, these entities are not only real but deeply entrenched in manipulating humanity, influencing our perceptions, and controlling human souls. Lash, a scholar of Gnosticism, and Icke, an author and theorist, delve into the mechanisms by which these beings exert their power, describing them as masterful manipulators of reality who use illusion to keep humanity under control.

The Origins of the Archons in Gnostic Texts

The concept of the Archons finds its roots in ancient Gnostic writings, particularly the Nag Hammadi texts discovered in 1945. In these documents, the Archons are depicted as malevolent entities that arose during the creation of the solar system. According to Lash, Gnostic seers—ancient shamans and spiritual teachers—observed that the Archons were an inorganic species that emerged alongside the formation of the cosmos. Unlike organic life on Earth, the Archons are thought to be beings of a lower, “inorganic” realm that possess limited creative abilities but excel in imitation and deception. This distinction places them as beings “of the solar system but not of the Earth,” a cosmic presence that exists on the fringes of human experience.

Cosmic Puppeteers and the Power of Illusion

One of the Archons’ defining traits, as described by Lash, is their ability to create illusions and distort human perception. They use a power that Gnostic texts term Hal, or simulation. Through this, the Archons can implant false realities and manipulate our beliefs, steering human thought and emotion in directions that feed their agenda. This aligns with Icke’s idea of a “holographic internet” through which entities can manipulate human perception by broadcasting frequencies that influence the mind. Both Lash and Icke argue that these manipulative powers are especially potent in moments of fear and division, which the Archons exploit to maintain control over humanity.

VIDEO:

• Alien Race Archon Is Not What You Think | Alien & UFO Ancient Mystery by COAST TO COAST AM OFFICIAL

• https://youtu.be/nGlOrGHwqCI

Lash explains that Archons are envious of humanity’s creative spark, emotional depth, and evolutionary potential. This envy drives them to intrude upon the human psyche, feeding off the energy of fear, chaos, and confusion. Gnostic texts even go so far as to describe the Archons as engaging in psychic intrusion and inducing experiences akin to modern-day abduction narratives. By generating fear and confusion, the Archons maintain their hold on human consciousness, effectively preventing humanity from achieving higher awareness and self-realization.

The Archons as Cosmic Engineers

In addition to their role as manipulators, the Archons are also portrayed as engineers of the physical universe. Lash interprets the ancient Gnostic texts as suggesting that the Archons are somewhat like “cosmic technicians,” beings who sustain the inorganic structures of the solar system. They lack the vitality of organic life and cannot thrive in the biosphere of Earth, but they inhabit and influence the outer realms. This alien nature makes them capable of extensive mental intrusion but limits their physical interactions with humanity. They operate primarily through telepathic influence, distorting human perception from a distance.

A Dual Reality: Manipulation of the Five-Sense World

According to Icke, humanity lives in a “five-sense prison,” where the material world is a narrow bandwidth within a much larger, multidimensional reality. He posits that the Archons manipulate this limited reality by controlling the flow of information and perception through external systems like the media, education, and societal structures. These entities, Icke asserts, operate from a frequency just beyond visible light, presenting themselves as human but possessing a distinctly different form in realms beyond our perception.

This “illusory” nature of reality is key to understanding how the Archons control humanity. By manipulating beliefs and perceptions, they create a false sense of limitation, preventing people from realizing their true potential as infinite, interconnected beings. Icke refers to this as a “holographic internet” where our beliefs and perceptions are shaped by outside influences that keep us within a narrow understanding of reality.

Overcoming Archonic Control: Awareness as Liberation

Both Lash and Icke emphasize the importance of awareness and self-realization as a means to break free from Archonic control. Recognizing the influence of the Archons allows humanity to regain autonomy over the mind and spirit, stepping out of the cycle of fear and illusion. Lash believes that the Gnostic texts were preserved as a warning and a guide for humanity to recognize these intrusions and to consciously resist their influence.

For Icke, understanding that reality is fundamentally illusory and manipulated is the first step toward liberation. He argues that by embracing our true identity as expressions of infinite consciousness, we can transcend the Archonic influence and reshape our reality. This shift in perspective allows us to see beyond the limitations imposed by external forces, enabling humanity to reconnect with its divine potential.

The Ancient Knowledge for Modern Times

The insights of Lash and Icke provide a framework for understanding how unseen forces may influence human behavior and beliefs. By examining the ancient teachings of Gnosticism alongside modern theories of consciousness and perception, they offer a pathway to liberation from cosmic entities that seek to control the human experience. Ultimately, exploring the Archons serves as a reminder that humanity’s greatest power lies in self-awareness, resilience, and the pursuit of truth beyond ordinary awareness.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

08-11-2024 om 20:45 geschreven door peter  

Breaking News: Elon Musk Takes on Unidentified Flying Objects with New Fighter Jet

by Karen White

In a surprising and unparalleled move, Elon Musk, the visionary entrepreneur known for pushing the boundary of technology, has set his sights on a new endeavor: the development of a combat aircraft specifically designed to engage unidentified flying objects (UFOs).

Musk vs. The Extraterrestrial Unknown

Musk’s cutting-edge company, SpaceX, is already notorious for its exploration in the realms of space travel. Now, Musk seems intent on venturing into a domain that perhaps even the boldest of us dare not tread. He’s declared an open war on UFOs, not with words, but with raw technical prowess.

The Battle Begins: Musk’s UFO Fighter Jet

The fighter jet, currently under wraps, promises to pack the most advanced and modern technology, supplemented by Musk’s signature ingenious design. Reports suggest a mix of radars, detection systems, and energy weapons with never-seen-before capabilities, all aimed at identifying and neutralizing any potential extraterrestrial threat.

While the exact capabilities of this jet remain a mystery, we know for certain that it will capitalize on Musk’s notable experience with groundbreaking propulsion systems and high-end spacecraft technology from previous SpaceX projects.

Unveiling a New Era of Defence

The creation of such a craft brings thrilling implications. Could we be on the cusp of a new era of defense, one that doesn’t stop at skyscrapers or aircraft carriers, but ventures into space?

As the UFO fighter jet project rolls forward, we hold our breath, waiting to see how Elon Musk, the maverick game-changer, changes yet another game. The question remains just how far into the stars this battle will take him, and likewise, the world. See how our future will pan out as we step boldly into an era of extraterrestrial warfare.

UFO Defense: A New Frontier or Pure Foolhardiness?

Elon Musk: A man against the universe?

Elon Musk, the vanguard trailblazer immortalized for his ventures in cutting-edge technology, has shattered expectations once more. His new target: Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs). Musk proposes to launch a combat aircraft specifically geared towards subduing these unknown airborne phenomena. But how might this audacious project alter our world and beyond?

The Future Fighter: Challenging the Cosmic Unknown

Reputed tech titan SpaceX, helmed by Musk, is drawing from its substantial knowledge pool to develop the UFO combat jet. Equipped with pioneering radars, new-age detection systems, and unprecedented energy weapons, the planned aircraft appears a formidable force. But with no technical specifics currently available, judgments about the aircraft’s efficacy remain purely speculative.

The Broader Impact: A New Stage in Defense Development?

Given Musk’s track record, a successful UFO defense jet could legitimately usher in a novel era in defense technology. Herein lies the potential to radically transform not just our earthbound defense systems, but potentially set the guideline for pre-emptive cosmic defense.

The Flip Side: Sowing Seeds of Alien Hostility?

Contrarily, some pose the argument that endeavoring into combat-ready space exploration, particularly against unidentified cosmic entities, might incite aggression rather than promote universal peace. Are we dialing up any existing possibility for extraterrestrial hostility?

In conclusion, Musk’s new project may hold thrilling possibilities, yet with them comes an inherent risk. Much like the unexplored cosmos themselves. Peek into our future, potentially a new era of interstellar defense or cosmic controversy? We shall wait with bated breath to find the answer.

Interested in more innovative tech news? Visit the SpaceX main site.

{ https://agogs.sk/en/ }

08-11-2024 om 20:07 geschreven door peter  

• Filmmaker Jeremy Corbell Reveals UFO Secret: Skin Of Craft Seemed Alive Like A Biological Being
• Journalist Reveals Bob Lazar’s Astonishing Claim: Extraterrestrials See Humans as ‘Containers of Souls’
• Mexican Dead Alien Bodies are Not a Hoax: They Have Humanoid Features, Researchers Say

Ross believes that the evidence regarding non-human intelligence engaging with the planet is undeniable and should be shared with the public. “I think they should say that we are aware of a non-human intelligence engaging with this planet, and the reason I say that they should say that is because I know the evidence is incontrovertible.”

This revelation left the UFO community curious about the place where the craft might be situated. Interestingly, the late former CIA pilot John Lear previously mentioned the existence of buried crafts too massive to move. In 2018, Lear posted on Facebook, recounting the enigmatic tale of a massive buried UFO near Garrison, Utah. This peculiar incident became a topic of discussion at a UFO conference in Las Vegas, piquing Lear’s curiosity. (Click here to read the full article)

Lear even provided the coordinates of the location: Latitude 38 degrees 37 minutes 40 seconds North, Longitude 113 degrees 40 minutes 40 seconds West. This further deepens the mystery, leaving people intrigued about the truth surrounding the buried UFO near Garrison, Utah.

Moreover, there is alleged John Lear’s statement on the alien presence, posted to Paranet on December 29, 1987. Here are the paragraphs published by UFOmind.com discussing the buried craft: [this page was first archived on January 31, 1997]

“Moore is also in possession of more Aquarius documents a few pages of which leaked out several years ago and detailed the supersecret NSA project which had been denied by them until just recently. In a letter to Senator John Glenn NSA’s Director of Policy Julia B. Wetzel wrote, “Apparently there is or was an Air Force project by that name Aquarius) which dealt with UFO’s. Coincidentally, there is also an NSA project by that name.”

NSA’s project Aquarius deals specifically with the ‘communications with aliens’ (the EBE’s). Within the Aquarius program was project ‘Snowbird’ a project to test fly A recovered alien aircraft at Groom Lake, Nevada. This project continues today at that location. In the words of an individual who works at Groom Lake ‘our people are much better at taking things apart than they are at putting them back together’. Another saw a saucer being trucked into the Nevada Test Site in March of 1988. Still another informant witnessed a saucer being buried at that location (for God knows whatever reason) during the second week of August 1988.”

There is another version of this statement: (Source)

“Germany may have recovered a flying saucer as early as 1939. General James H. Doolittle went to Sweden in 1946 to inspect a flying saucer that had crashed there in Spitzbergen…

In July of 1952, a panicked government watched helplessly as squadron of “flying saucers” flew over Washington, D.C., and buzzed the White House, the Capitol Building, and the Pentagon. It took all the imagination and intimidation the government could muster to force that incident out of the memory of the public.

Thousands of sightings occurred during the Korean war and several more saucers were retrieved by the Air Force. Some were stored at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, some were stored at Air Force bases near the location of the crash sight.

One saucer was so enormous and the logistic problems in transportation so enormous that it was buried at the crash sight and remains there today. The stories are legendary on transporting crashed saucers over long distances, moving only at night, purchasing complete farms, slashing through forests, blocking major highways, sometimes driving 2 and 3 lo-boys in tandem with an extraterrestrial load a hundred feet in diameter.”

On Neil Mitchel’s radio show in Australia, Ross offered valuable insights into the evolving landscape of UAP disclosures. He speculated about the possibility of the UFO truth becoming public knowledge in the near future, suggesting that within 12 to 18 months, the world might have a clearer understanding of the mysterious phenomenon of UAPs and UFOs. “I think that the world will probably know publicly within, I suspect, 12 to 18 months,” he said.

Now, Andy asked Ross to expand on how we might transition from the current state of awaiting legislation to a potential acknowledgment within the specified timeframe. Ross emphasized that his optimism about a forthcoming disclosure was contingent on key legislative actions. He explained that if the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) and the Intelligence Act passed with UAP reforms that mandated informing Congress about any Legacy UAP program, it could open the door to greater transparency. He continued to say, “I’m very optimistic that by the end of next year or the year following, early in the year following, we’ll have an idea of what’s been going on, and that’s because essentially Congress is mandating that this happen.”

However, Ross expressed a concern regarding Congress’s commitment to informing the public, noting that leaks could occur even if Congress decided not to disclose information. He stated, “I’m amazed Congress hasn’t leaked already, frankly because I know what’s been said to very important intelligence committees both in the house and in the Senate.”

Ross highlighted the significance of former senior public officials coming forward to share their knowledge and insights in the next 12 months. He expected that more of these individuals would break their silence. He also raised questions about the possibility of future hearings involving the Intelligence Community Inspector General, Thomas Monheim, and his investigation into David Grush’s claims.

{ https://howandwhys.com/ }

08-11-2024 om 01:06 geschreven door peter  

This image of NGC 5468, a galaxy located about 130 million light-years from Earth, features combined data from the Hubble and James Webb space telescopes. This is the farthest galaxy in which Hubble has identified Cepheid variable stars

(Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Adam G. Riess (JHU, STScI)).

“This spans the full range where we made measurements with Hubble,” said co-author Gagandeep Anand of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, which operates the Webb and Hubble telescopes for NASA. “So, we’ve gone to the end of the second rung of the cosmic distance ladder.”

In making these measurements, the researchers hoped to find that errors in calculating the first steps in the ladder were propagating into later measurements, resulting in the Hubble tension. For example, some astrophysicists have postulated that the proximity of Cepheid stars to each other may result in a mismeasurement of their brightness. Such a measurement error would only grow as distances increased. Others have guessed that interstellar dust may be to blame for the conflicting readings.

Instead, the SHOES Webb readings matched perfectly with Hubble, meaning that calculation errors in the cosmic distance ladder are not to blame. “Combining Webb and Hubble gives us the best of both worlds,” said Riess. “We find that the Hubble measurements remain reliable as we climb farther along the cosmic distance ladder.”

A special class of star known as a Cepheid variable star is visible above in the center of each of these images, which NASA says is used as a ‘milepost marker’ for measuring the universe’s rate of expansion

(Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Adam G. Riess (JHU, STScI)).

The researcher also said their new survey covered everything Webb studied in the past, and the results were still consistent and error-free. “We’ve now spanned the whole range of what Hubble observed, and we can rule out a measurement error as the cause of the Hubble Tension with very high confidence,” Riess said.

New Tools Could Solve Mystery of Hubble Tension

Since the new Webb readings confirmed those from Hubble, the researchers say that new astronomical tools that can measure elements of cosmic expansion may be needed to answer the Hubble tension.

First up is the European Space Agency’s Euclid Space Telescope, which was launched in July 2023 and reached its destination at Lagrange 2, roughly four times as far away from Earth as the moon, about a month later. According to the ESA’s mission page, “Euclid will explore how the Universe has expanded and how structure has formed over cosmic history, revealing more about the role of gravity and the nature of dark energy and dark matter.”

The most promising data may come from NASA’s planned Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, which is scheduled for launch in May 2027. With a view that is over 100 times wider than Hubble, this observatory has the potential to measure light from over 100 billion galaxies during its operational lifetime.

According to its mission page, “This observatory will also be able to block starlight to directly see exoplanets and planet-forming disks, complete a statistical census of planetary systems in our galaxy, and settle essential questions in the areas of dark energy, exoplanets, and infrared astrophysics.”

Ultimately, one or both of these tools may allow astronomers and astrophysicists to connect the beginning of the initial two rungs of the cosmic distance ladder confirmed by Webb with the afterglow of the big band that represents the beginning of the universe, resulting in a final solution to the Hubble tension.

“We need to find out if we are missing something on how to connect the beginning of the universe and the present day,” said Riess.

• Christopher Plain is a Science Fiction and Fantasy novelist and Head Science Writer at The Debrief. Follow and connect with him on X, learn about his books at plainfiction.com, or email him directly at christopher@thedebrief.org.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

08-11-2024 om 00:48 geschreven door peter  

US Congresswoman Claims She Saw Photo Evidence Of UFO Technology Not Made By Humans

During the July 2023 UAP hearings, US Congresswoman Anna Paulina Luna was the central figure in bringing the historical testimony of three whistleblowers. She is pushing hard to get the truth to the public and says she will not stop until they get to the bottom of the UFO mystery, and she will take drastic measures, including the potential withdrawal of funding for the salaries of the Pentagon executives.

Some congress members are accusing the government of hiding important information.

Courtesy: Department of Defense. 

Rep. Luna, who is also a member of the House Oversight Committee, said that she became interested in UFOs when serving in the US Air Force. She revealed that she is asking the Defense Department and intelligence agencies for the classified reports that Grusch made, including his alleged evidence.

David Grusch testified that the U.S. government has been hiding a long-running program that retrieves and reverse engineers UFOs/UAPs. He firmly believes that the U.S. government possessed UAPs based on interviews with over 40 witnesses spanning four years and claimed to have exact knowledge of UAP locations. He reportedly shared this information with the Inspector General and intelligence committees.

Grusch revealed in the hearings that he personally interviewed individuals with direct knowledge of non-human origin craft, and he has knowledge of non-human intelligence, but not of collaboration with adversarial foreign governments. He could not openly discuss “intact spacecraft and alien bodies or species” but offered to address these matters in a closed session.

During the hearing, Luna queries Grusch about his choice of terminology, using “nonhuman origin” instead of “extraterrestrial.” Her involvement with the UAP matter began when she was approached by Representative Matt Gaetz, and she expressed concern after reviewing evidence from a UAP encounter off the coast of Florida.

Luna and Representative Tim Burchett organized a hearing aimed at increasing transparency on this matter. She calls for the release of classified documents related to UAPs and rejects the idea of dismissing the issue.

Luna is concerned about the stigma that prevents service members from reporting UAP sightings out of fear for their careers. She asked Grusch if he had ever been in fear for his life due to addressing these issues, to which he responded affirmatively. Luna emphasized the significance of Grusch’s willingness to come forward despite the fear of reprisal.

Luna stresses the bipartisan nature of the investigation, involving various House members from different states and affiliations. She, Gaetz, Moskowitz, and Burchett even sent a letter to House Speaker Kevin McCarthy requesting the establishment of a select committee to investigate UAPs. Luna’s underlying message revolves around the necessity of transparency, accountability, and addressing potential national security risks posed by unidentified aerial phenomena.

In an interview with FOX 13, Rep. Luna said: “It does appear, and for what I’m saying, based on the stonewalling, that they are hiding something. If these are programs that are being set up without congressional oversight and are responsible for, you know, billions of dollars being lost, that could be going towards other things. I think that that’s something that absolutely is pertinent.”

During the hearings, extraordinary claims were presented, including the recovery of “non-human biologics” from a crashed aerial craft. Although Rep. Luna herself has not witnessed a UAP, she mentioned having observed evidence that seemed reminiscent of science fiction.

Read also:

• US Senator Says Government Is Hiding UFOs & ‘Evidence Of Non-Human Intelligence’
• Leslie Kean: Varginha UFO Crash Was Real; Alien Organism Found In Police Officer Body Who Died of Infection
• U.S. Congressman Says UFOs May Be Machines of a Hidden ‘Ancient Earth Civilization’
• Avi Loeb Soon to Prove Whether Aliens Exist: He & Garry Nolan Saw UFO That Poses Huge Implications for Humanity

Drawing from her experience, she explained: “Based on the evidence that I have personally seen, the technology that exists is something that I don’t think any government has currently.” She recalled encountering a photograph and conversing with pilots about an object that she believes is beyond the capabilities of the Department of Defense.

Rep. Luna is actively working to declassify the photograph and to bring more information to light. She highlighted the dual importance of this matter, characterizing it as both a significant national security concern and a transparency issue within the government.

Luna finds this situation disturbing, especially since Grusch shared information suggesting threats to his life, harm caused to individuals, and advanced technology that is not publicly known. Despite Luna and Rep. Tim Burchett having “Need To Know” clearances, they were not granted access to this information, which prompts Luna to express the urgent need to uncover the truth.

Luna revealed that her interest in UFOs was first piqued while serving as an Air Force airfield manager at Portland Air National Guard Base, Oregon, in 2018, before becoming a politician.

During shifts one day, there had been a response from some of the pilots to something that had violated our airspace…When they got back, I asked them what happened. They said ‘we can’t really talk about it.’ Later on, one of the pilots pulled me aside and was like, we think it might have been a UFO or UAP. This was a pretty credible person, I obviously knew them to be sane, of sound mind,” she said.

A lot more information is hidden, as Whistleblower Ryan Graves confirms in his latest Newsweek edition. He writes “What I Told Them Was the Tip of the Iceberg.” Graves, who is a founder of “Americans for Safe Aerospace,” the fastest-growing UAP nonprofit in the world, writes that during his tenure as a Naval pilot, he and his team regularly encountered aircraft off the coast of Virginia Beach that “had no visible propulsion… but could remain motionless in Category-4 hurricane winds, accelerate to supersonic, and operate all day, outlasting our fighter jets.”

Graves highlights the lack of a direct reporting process within the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for commercial pilots to report these phenomena, leading to stigma, fear of retaliation, and a reluctance to come forward. Graves questions why the government is not taking these reports more seriously, especially when experienced pilots are witnessing routine and unexplained occurrences. He calls for increased attention and awareness of the UAP issue to ensure flight safety and national security.

The Hill will host an event on August 17, 2023, featuring discussions among lawmakers, experts, and administration officials to analyze potential national security risks related to UAPs. The speakers include Rep. Tim Burchett, Greg Eghigian of Pennsylvania State University, and Rep. Anna Paulina Luna, with the event being moderated by Mychael Schnell, a Congressional Reporter from The Hill.

{ https://howandwhys.com/ }

07-11-2024 om 23:54 geschreven door peter