Kan een afbeelding zijn van neushoorn

Kan een afbeelding zijn van jachtluipaard en katachtige

Kan een afbeelding zijn van olifant

Kan een afbeelding zijn van katachtige

Kan een afbeelding zijn van 4 mensen en boom

In oktober een safari van 3 weken gedaan in Tanzania. Een prachtige, onvergetelijke reis.

In October we did a 3 week safari in Tanzania. A beautiful, unforgettable trip

Carl Sagan Space GIF by Feliks Tomasz Konczakowski

X Files Ufo GIF by SeeRoswell.com

1990: Petit-Rechain, Belgium triangle UFO photograph - Think AboutIts

Ufo Pentagon GIF

ufo abduction GIF by Ski Mask The Slump God

Flying Sci-Fi GIF by Feliks Tomasz Konczakowski

Season 3 Ufo GIF by Paramount+

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Dear visitor, thank you for your visit.

Cher visiteur, je vous remercie de votre visite.

Liebe Besucher, vielen Dank für Ihren Besuch.

Estimado visitante, gracias por su visita.

Gentile visitatore, grazie per la vostra visita.

Inhoud blog
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  • I'm a UFO investigator... here are the chilling cases I encountered of alien craft interfering with nukes
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    The purpose of  this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and  free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category.
    Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
     

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    Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.

    In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!

    In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.

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    Een interessant adres?
    UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
    UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld
    In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog. Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch... Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels. MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen. MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity... Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com. Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal. Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP. ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
    29-11-2024
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.I'm a UFO investigator... here are the chilling cases I encountered of alien craft interfering with nukes

    I'm a UFO investigator... here are the chilling cases I encountered of alien craft interfering with nukes

    A veteran UFO investigator has claimed that UFOs have visited America's nuclear weapons sites since the dawn of the atomic age — and he believes these intruders may have the power to 'neutralize' such weapons.

    Robert Spearing is an investigator for the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), which has 700 investigators in the US and is one of the world's oldest UFO organizations, having collected evidence of suspected extraterrestrial encounters since the 1960s.

    Spearing said that among MUFON's files — and the organization has nearly 137,000 reports on UFO encounters from the US and around the world — there are multiple cases alleging alien visitors hovering above nuclear bases and nuclear-armed ships.

    'There is enough evidence that the visitors have the ability to neutralize their use,' as Spearing told DailyMail.com.

    'The question is whether it is for defensive purposes or offensive purposes,' according to Spearing. 'It's either to save us from ourselves or to ensure they could destroy us if they had to.'

    When former Pentagon counterintelligence official Luis Elizondo reemerged this summer, the veteran UFO hunter floated an equally dire theory: the dozens of UFOs sighted near nuclear bases since 1945 could be scouts for a potential invasion.

    Spearing personally investigated one sighting from the Vietnam War, which he believes shows at least a definite 'connection' between UFOs and nuclear sites. 

    Above, US Coast Guard photographer Shell Alpert took this photo through a window screen on July 16, 1952 - allegedly capturing four unidentified flying objects in a 'V' formation over the Salem Massachusetts Air Station - back in the early days of the 'UFOs and Nukes' mystery

    Above, US Coast Guard photographer Shell Alpert took this photo through a window screen on July 16, 1952 - allegedly capturing four unidentified flying objects in a 'V' formation over the Salem Massachusetts Air Station - back in the early days of the 'UFOs and Nukes' mystery

    Whether their intentions were for good or ill, as he told DailyMail.com, 'There was all sorts of stuff coming out of the South China Sea' during the war, as well.

    January 15, 1973 - South China Sea

    'I enjoy the Vietnam cases the most,' Spearing said.  

    'This particular encounter happened when, in theory, no one knew that the United States had nukes that were close to China and Vietnam,' according to the MUFON director, who previously worked as a forensic investigator for railroads as part of the New York Port Authority.

    'But,' Spearing added, 'somebody knew.'

    A witness on board ammunition ship the USS Mauna Kea reported seeing a strange orb of pulsing light come out of the sea, while the man was loading nuclear-tipped missiles onto the USS Oklahoma City.

    He described the encounter in his report as a 'hovering pulsating orb shape color, similar to a large beach ball hovering about 30 to 50 feet above the water, hovering at approximately 16 to 18 knots.' 

    'Could see reflection on water,' the witness continued, 'could see clearly underneath no wake.'

    When the encounter occurred, the man was loading nuclear weapons with a forklift.

    'This sighting was in the South China Sea off the port beam,' he said. 'Our ship was an ammunition ship carrying nuclear weapons. It felt as if we were being probed.'

    Spearing interviewed the witness himself, and said that the man 'felt chills and felt he was being observed'.

    A witness on board the ammunition ship the U.S.S Mauna Kea reported seeing a strange orb

    A witness on board the ammunition ship the U.S.S Mauna Kea reported seeing a strange orb

    The orb was 'car-sized' and was visible up close for around 10 minutes, between two and four AM.

    When the witness checked the radar room, no one had registered images of the object.

    Spearing described the encounter as 'very suspicious,' saying, 'There is, of course, the possibility it was a plasma ball, like ball lightning, which was carried along by being magnetically linked [attracted] to the ship hull.'

    'However, the duration of sighting is too long for ball lightning and ball lightning would have been [further] attracted into the hull and would have exploded.'

    May 1960 - Mountainside, New Jersey

    A witness approached MUFON about an eerie encounter in 1960 near a nuclear base in New Jersey.

    The witness told MUFON's investigators that a group of young children and teens saw a formation of silver discs hovering near a nuclear base while leaving their homes at dusk.

    The Watchung Mountains base housed Nike Ajax missiles designed to shoot down incoming bombers - the project experimented with nuclear-tipped missiles, before the focus shifted towards ICBMs rather than nuclear bombers.

    The children knew there was a base in the area, and had done many safety drills in school as a result — making it easy to determine that that these mysterious discs were hovering above the base.

    In 1957, during the Cold War, the U.S. army declared that it would construct a Nike missile base on the Watchung Reservation

    In 1957, during the Cold War, the U.S. army declared that it would construct a Nike missile base on the Watchung Reservation

    Above, a Minuteman III missile in a silo in the late 1970s.

    Above, a Minuteman III missile in a silo in the late 1970s.

    'I know this was a long time ago,' the witness said, 'but... when exiting the woods above our homes we were shocked to find a perfect V formation of five plain, dull silver discs hovering over us. No sound. No movement.'

    'After about five minutes they took off to the west without making sounds of any kind. The location where we were is on the edge of "first mountain" just west of New York City,' the witness told Spearing.

    'Directly above us, about one mile, on the top of the mountain was a deeply buried nuclear anti-ballistic missile in a military outpost in the Watchung Mountains which was part of NYC area defense system,' the source continued.

    'We realized when talking about it, that it seemed that these discs were hovering above that nuclear warhead site. I have never forgotten it.'

    MUFON closed the case (which has never been reported before in the mainstream media), classifying the oddity as an 'unknown UAP'.

    The USS Kilauea was in a group with other ships including the carrier U.S.S. Mason

    The USS Kilauea was in a group with other ships including the carrier U.S.S. Mason

    Above, three classic flying saucers in a photo dramatization

    Above, three classic flying saucers in a photo dramatization  

    Early 1974 - Vietnam

    While investigating the first encounter in Vietnam, Spearing came across another eerie account of an orb visiting another nuclear-armed ship.

    The witness said that they were in a group with a destroyer and an aircraft carrier, the USS Mason, when they saw a incredible craft exit the water.

    'We were watching the USS Mason in front of us and the glowing trail of ocean it was kicking up from the phosphorus algae in the water when the ocean in front of us lit up, started glowing,' the witness said in astonishment.

    'It got brighter and brighter and then this really bright orange/yellow ball came out of the water on the right-starboard side of the destroyer.'

    article image

    'It flew over the top of the destroyer and went back in the ocean on the port side, with the same glowing ocean water and then disappeared,' this Navy source continued. 'We all just stared at each other with our mouths open.' 

    'We could not believe what we saw, but I asked friends of mine who were on watch on the bridge if they saw it,' he noted, 'and they all did.'

    The witness said that the object was up to 200 feet in diameter — and that officers on the destroyer must have had a 'good look at it' although nothing was ever officially recorded.

    What does it all mean? 

    Retired US Air Force staff sergeant, Larry Hancock, who has contributed to a series of studies on the UFOs and nukes connection for the Scientific Coalition of UAP Studies (SCU), believes that just the regularity of these events offers solid clues.

    Solid military and police cases from 1945 to 1975, Hancock told DailyMail.com this year, appear to show intentional study of America's most sensitive weaponry.

    'I mean, focus implies intention,' he said. 'And focus obviously implies intelligence.'

    'The way it progressed from one type of facility to another type — I mean, it starts with manufacturing plants, moves on through assembly plants, storage, deployment, it's hard to read that as anything other than someone having an agenda,' according to Hancock. 

    Hancock's research partner, Ian Porritt, ventured even a little further: 'They may have a better understanding of the future, our future, than we do.' 

    https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

    29-11-2024 om 22:34 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.UFO Focused By AI Is Mind-blowing! Manchester, England, UFO Sighting News. 👽👀🛸 HD

    UFO Focused By AI Is Mind-blowing! Manchester, England, UFO Sighting News. 👽👀🛸 HD

    Twitter source:
    Reddit source:
    California Orb:
     
    Guys check this out, so many things going on this week and England looks like UFO central. US military bases report swarms of UFOs at all the England bases within days and then this UFO in Manchester airport shows up. Watch the video and see how ai focuses the black sphere and tell me your thoughts. Is it made humans or is it alien? If this is actually alien and aliens are showing up over airports in England, then its just a matter of days for them to spread across the globe at other airport locations, lets keep an eye out. If we could be closer better quality video, we can defiantly determine if its alien or human made. This may be the start of a worldwide reveal by aliens. 
    Scott C. Waring 

    https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

    29-11-2024 om 22:08 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Magnetic Tornado is Stirring up the Haze at Jupiter’s Poles
    An artificially colored view of Jupiter as seen in ultraviolet light. In addition to the Great Red Spot, which appears blue, another oval feature can be seen in the brown haze at Jupiter's south pole. The oval, an area of concentrated haze, is possibly the result of mixing generated by a vortex higher up in the planet's ionosphere. These dark UV ovals also appear periodically at the north pole, though less often.
    Credit Troy Tsubota and Michael Wong, UC Berkeley

    Magnetic Tornado is Stirring up the Haze at Jupiter’s Poles

    Jupiter is a stunning planet to observe. Whether it be visible light or any other wavelength. In a stunning new image released by the University of California -Berkley, Jupiter is seen in ultraviolet light. The familiar Great Red Spot appears as a blue oval as do many of the familiar belt features. Around the polar regions are revealed a brown haze which is thought to be caused by a high altitude vortex mixing up the atmosphere. The jury is still out on the mechanism behind this though but it may be an interaction between Jupiter’s strong magnetic field which pierces the atmosphere near the poles. 

    Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System, a gas giant with powerful storms. With a diameter of 143,000 km, Jupiter is 11 times wider than Earth and capable of swallowing all of the other planets in the Solar System and still have room to spare. It is composed or hydrogen and helium and lacks a solid surface. It’s atmosphere has bands of alternating colour with strong winds, hurricanes and lightning storms. The Great Red Spot is one of its most well known features, a hurricane system three times the size of Earth. It’s also home to a family of satellites including the four well known Galilean moons Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. 

    Side-by-side images show the opposite faces of Jupiter. The largest storm, the Great Red Spot, is the most prominent feature in the left bottom third of this view.
    Credit: NASA, ESA, Amy Simon (NASA-GSFC).

    The atmosphere of Jupiter is a complex system of thick clouds, storms and high winds. The hydrogen makes up about 90% of the atmosphere with helium the bulk of the remainder plus trace amounts of methane, water vapour and other compounds. The belts in the atmosphere appear to alternate between lighter and darker colours driven by different temperatures, chemical compositions and wind speeds that reach up to 640 km/hr. Lower down, beneath the visible layer, the atmosphere becomes denser, hotter and eventually becomes fluid. Other phenomenon have been observed from lightning storms, aurora and ice crystal clouds. 

    Europa and Io move across the face of Jupiter, with the Great Red Spot behind them. Image: NASA/JPL/Cassini, Kevin M. Gill

    Europa and Io move across the face of Jupiter, with the Great Red Spot behind them.
    Image: NASA/JPL/Cassini, Kevin M. Gill

    The newly released ultraviolet image reveals strange features around the polar regions. The oval shaped features are Earth-sized and only visible in the ultraviolet wavelengths. The ovals seems to consistently appear at a slightly lower latitude than the auroral zones around the poles. In the image, the ovals seem dark in colour due to absorption of ultraviolet radiation, more so than the brighter surrounding regions. 

    The Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth at an altitude of 540 km and takes yearly images of Jupiter and the other planets. Hubble was the first telescope to capture the so called UV ovals and they have since been detected by the Cassini spacecraft. The team at UC Berkeley discovered that the ovals were more common around the south pole (appearing in 75% of images around south pole and only 12% around north pole.) 

    This image of NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope was taken on May 19, 2009 after deployment during Servicing Mission 4.
    NASA

    The team spoke with planetary atmospherics experts Tom Stallard (Northumbria University in UK) and Xi Zhang (from UC Santa Cruz) to try and understand the mechanism. They theorise that Jupiter’s strong magnetic field lines experience friction in the ionosphere leading to the establishment of a vortex (a rotating, spinning flow of fluid or air.) It is the vortex that drives the dark ovals. 

    Source : 

    https://www.universetoday.com/ }

    29-11-2024 om 21:18 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Stem Cells Grown in Space Could Revolutionize Medicine Here on Earth
    The International Space Station (ISS) in orbit.
    Credit: NASA

    Stem Cells Grown in Space Could Revolutionize Medicine Here on Earth

    Extended periods spent in microgravity can take a serious toll on the human body, leading to muscular atrophy, bone density loss, vision problems, and changes to the cardiovascular, endocrine, and nervous systems. At the same time, however, scientists have found that microgravity may play a key role in the future of medicine. This includes bioprinting in space, where cultured cells are printed out to form organic tissues and organs without the need for grafts. Printing in microgravity also ensures that fragile cell structures do not collapse due to pressures caused by Earth’s gravity.

    However, space medicine may also have applications for stem cell research, which also benefit from a microgravity environment. Stem cells have countless applications in medicine because of their ability to quickly replicate and differentiate into many different types of cells. Based on experiments carried out aboard the International Space Station (ISS), researchers from the Mayo Clinic in Florida determined that these abilities are enhanced when grown in space. These findings could have significant benefits in the study of disease prevention and treatment on Earth, as well as medical treatments delivered in space.

    The research was conducted by Fay Ghani and Abba C. Zubair, two pathologists with the Mayo Clinic’s Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology. The paper detailing their experiment and findings was recently published in NPJ Microgravity. For their experiment, the team specifically examined the behavior of several types of adult stem cells, which manage normal wear and tear on the body. These cells are often grown by scientists for the sake of disease research and developing new therapies.

    Several experiments have been run on the ISS.
    Credit: Ghani & Zubair, NPJ Microgravity (2024)

    The process is challenging, expensive, and takes a long time. But as Zubair said in a recent interview with ScienceAlert!, the process could be simplified by growing them in space-based labs:

    Studying stem cells in space has uncovered cell mechanisms that would otherwise be undetected or unknown within the presence of normal gravity. That discovery indicates a broader scientific value to this research, including potential clinical applications. The space environment offers an advantage to the growth of stem cells by providing a more natural three-dimensional state for their expansion, which closely resembles growth of cells in the human body.

    Ghani and Zubair experimented with many types of adult stem cells and obtained positive results for them all. This included general improvements in cell expansion and stability of replication, which continued after the cell cultures were returned to Earth. In particular, they noted improvements with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a class of multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat cells – which gives rise to marrow adipose tissue, thus increasing bone density.

    When grown in microgravity, these cells were shown to be better at managing immune system responses and reducing inflammation. “That’s in comparison to the two-dimensional culture environment available on Earth that is less likely to imitate human tissue,” said Zubair. “The space research conducted so far is just a starting point. A broader perspective about stem cell applications is possible as research continues to explore the use of space to advance regenerative medicine.”

    One of the experiments conducted aboard the ISS.
    Credit: Mayo Clinic

    While there is still a significant amount of research and testing to be done, these results are very promising and indicate that stem cells can be grown faster and in greater numbers in microgravity. Ghani and Zubair are confident that space-grown stem cells will help treat the most common causes of mortality here on Earth, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases like dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).

    Further Reading: 

    https://www.universetoday.com/ }

    29-11-2024 om 20:59 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Superfast Supercomputer Creates the Biggest Simulation of the Universe Yet
    These images are a small sample from the Frontier supercomputer simulations. They reveal the evolution of the expanding universe in a region containing a massive cluster of galaxies from billions of years ago to present day (left). Red areas show hotter gasses, where temperatures reach 100 million Kelvin or more. The panel on the right is a zoom-in, where star tracer particles track the formation of galaxies and their movement over time.
    Credit: Argonne National Laboratory, U.S Dept of Energy

    Superfast Supercomputer Creates the Biggest Simulation of the Universe Yet

    Scientists at the Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory have created the largest astrophysical simulation of the Universe ever. They used what was until recently the world’s most powerful supercomputer to simulate the Universe at an unprecedented scale. The simulation’s size corresponds to the largest surveys conducted by powerful telescopes and observatories.

    The Frontier Supercomputer is located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. It’s the second-fasted supercomputer in the world, behind only El Capitan, which pulled ahead in November, 2024. Frontier is the world’s first exascale supercomputer, though El Capitan has joined the ranks of exascale supercomputing.

    The new Frontier simulation is record-breaking and is now the largest simulation of the Universe ever conducted. Its exascale computing allows it to simulate a level of detail that was unreachable prior to its implementation. Exascale is so advanced that it’s difficult to fully exploit its capabilities without new programming paradigms.

    Frontier is a significant leap in astrophysical simulations. It covers a volume of the Universe that’s 10 billion light years across. It incorporates detailed physics models for dark matter, dark energy, gas dynamics, star formation, and black hole growth. It should provide new insights into some of the fundamental processes in the Universe, such as how galaxies form and how the large-scale structure of the Universe evolves.

    “There are two components in the universe: dark matter—which as far as we know, only interacts gravitationally—and conventional matter, or atomic matter.” said project lead Salman Habib, division director for Computational Sciences at Argonne.

    “So, if we want to know what the universe is up to, we need to simulate both of these things: gravity as well as all the other physics including hot gas, and the formation of stars, black holes and galaxies,” he said. “The astrophysical ‘kitchen sink’ so to speak. These simulations are what we call cosmological hydrodynamics simulations.”

    Cosmological hydrodynamics simulations combine cosmology with hydrodynamics and allow astronomers to examine the complex interrelationships between gravity and things like gas dynamics and stellar processes that have shaped and continue to shape our Universe. They can only be conducted with supercomputers because of the level of complexity and the vast number of numerical equations and calculations involved.

    The sheer amount of energy needed for Frontier to perform these simulations is staggering. It consumes about 21 MW of electricity, enough to power about 15,000 single-family homes in the US. But the payoff is equally as impressive.

    “For example, if we were to simulate a large chunk of the universe surveyed by one of the big telescopes such as the Rubin Observatory in Chile, you’re talking about looking at huge chunks of time — billions of years of expansion,” Habib said. “Until recently, we couldn’t even imagine doing such a large simulation like that except in the gravity-only approximation.”

    “It’s not only the sheer size of the physical domain, which is necessary to make direct comparison to modern survey observations enabled by exascale computing,” said Bronson Messer, Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility director of science. “It’s also the added physical realism of including the baryons and all the other dynamic physics that makes this simulation a true tour de force for Frontier.”

    The Exascale-class HPE Cray EX Supercomputer (Frontier) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
    Image Credit: By OLCF at ORNL – https://www.flickr.com/photos/olcf/52117623843/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=119231238

    Frontier simulates more than just the Universe. In June, researchers working with it achieved another milestone. They simulated a system of 466 billion atoms in a simulation of water. That was the largest system ever modeled and more than 400 times larger than its closest competition. Since water is a primary component of cells, Frontier is paving the way for an eventual simulation of a living cell.

    Frontier promises to make advancements in multiple other areas as well, including nuclear fission and fusion and large-scale energy transmission systems. It’s also been used to generate a quantum molecular dynamics simulation that’s 1,000 times greater in size and speed than any of its predecessors. It also has applications in modelling diseases, developing new drugs, better batteries, better materials including concrete, and predicting and mitigating climate change.

    Astrophysical/cosmological simulations like Frontier’s are powerful when they’re combined with observations. Scientists can use simulations to test theoretical models compared to observational data. Changing initial conditions and parameters in the simulations lets researchers see how different factors shape outcomes. It’s an iterative process that allows scientists to update their models by identifying discrepancies between observations and simulations.

    Frontier’s huge simulation is just one example of how supercomputers and AI are taking on a larger role in astronomy and astrophysics. Modern astronomy generates massive amounts of data, and requires powerful tools to manage. Our theories of cosmology are based on larger and larger datasets that require massive computing power to simulate.

    Frontier has already been superseded by El Capitan, another exascale supercomputer at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). However, El Capitan is focused on managing the nation’s nuclear stockpile according to the LLNL.

    Simulating The Universe with Supercomputers


    Simulating the Universe on a Supercomputer - Discover Our Universe

    29-11-2024 om 20:37 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Harvard professor claims that UFOs could have travelled to Earth via 'extra dimensions' that CERN scientists are trying to unlock

    Harvard professor claims that UFOs could have travelled to Earth via 'extra dimensions' that CERN scientists are trying to unlock

    The US government has yet to unravel the mysterious sightings of UFOs soaring through our skies, but a Harvard professor believes the answer may sit 300 feet below the surface.

    Avi Loeb, known for his efforts to prove we are not alone, has claimed that extraterrestrial visitors are travelling through hidden dimensions created by researchers at the CERN particle accelerator are seeking.

    The accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), blasts particles are nearly the speed of light to recreate conditions of the Big Bang, with hopes of uncovering  hidden dimensions that will reveal how our universe formed.

    Speaking in a new documentary, Loeb said that alien civilizations may have been developing dimension-hopping technology for billions of years.

    The physicist also noted that extraterrestrials are using theoretical quantum gravity engineering to travel through 'curled' dimensions that humans can only detect in particle accelerators such as CERN.

    A Harvard scientists has claimed that extraterrestrial visitors are travelling through hidden dimensions created by researchers at the CERN particle accelerator (pictured) are seeking

    A Harvard scientists has claimed that extraterrestrial visitors are travelling through hidden dimensions created by researchers at the CERN particle accelerator (pictured) are seeking

    Loeb is an outspoken proponent for the search for alien life (Getty)

    Avi Loeb made the claims in a new documentary, saying that extraterrestrials are using theoretical quantum gravity engineering to travel through 'curled' dimensions that humans can only detect in particle accelerators such as CERN

    The Harvard scientist said in the documentary 'The Paranormal UFO Connection' that if alien technology is able to reach our doorstep, we would be awe-struck because it would represent something we don't possess.

    'Just like a cave dweller coming to a city like London or Europe, and seeing all the technological gadgets there,' said Loeb.

    'There will be a sense of religious awe, and we wouldn't understand it, especially if we are dealing with the effects of quantum gravity that we have any clue about.'

    Loeb said that travelling through extra-spatial dimensions would mean the chance of collisions would be 'much smaller.'

    READ MORE: 

    It has found the 'God particle', but the Large Hadron Collider could soon detect a 'parallel universe'. 

    Scientists at CERN have attempted to detect six 'extra spatial' dimensions, and look for particular particles as evidence that such dimensions exist.

    The underground LHC is located at the border of France and Switzerland and first went live on September 10, 2008.

    In 2012, scientists used it to discover the Higgs boson or God particle, which was a missing piece in the jigsaw for physicists in trying to understand how the universe works.

    'Quantum mechanics was discovered exactly a century ago. And all the most sophisticated technologies we currently employ, such as the Internet, artificial intelligence, and so forth, rely on our understanding of quantum mechanics,' Loeb explained.

    'But the process of learning is incomplete - there are several major puzzles in modern physics.'

    'Within the mainstream of theoretical physics for the past decades, the prevailing paradigm is that it is possible to unify quantum mechanics and gravity unless you work with extra-spatial dimensions.

    'We see only three of them in our daily life. But the idea is that the others are curled. And we can't really detect them unless we shoot particles that have exceptionally high energies that will probe these tiny scales.

    'Of course, if there are extra dimensions, then the reality that we are familiar with extends into them. And then one can imagine life in more than three spatial dimensions. It will be far more diverse and interesting.'

    Last year Loeb set off for Papua New Guinea on a $1.5m ocean expedition to find what he believes might be a piece of alien technology, which crashed into the sea in 2014.

    Film-maker and musician Mark Christopher Lee, 'The Paranormal UFO Connection' explores different ways that UFOs and other unexplained phenomena might arrive at our planet

    Film-maker and musician Mark Christopher Lee, 'The Paranormal UFO Connection' explores different ways that UFOs and other unexplained phenomena might arrive at our planet 

    The accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), blasts particles are nearly the speed of light to recreate conditions of the Big Bang, with hopes of uncovering hidden dimensions that will reveal how our universe formed

    The accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), blasts particles are nearly the speed of light to recreate conditions of the Big Bang, with hopes of uncovering hidden dimensions that will reveal how our universe formed

    His expedition found metal 'spherules' on the sea bed, which Loeb claims might be 'techno signatures' of an alien civilization.

    The Israeli astronomer and his research partner Amir Siraj concluded in 2019 that an object from outside our solar system had hit Earth in 2014.

    The Papua New Guinea object travelled towards Earth at more than 30 miles per second, a speed so high it suggests it originated outside our solar system.

    Loeb also argues in the film that world governments should divert the $2 trillion a year he claims is spent on military budgets to the search for alien life.

    Film-maker and musician Mark Christopher Lee, 'The Paranormal UFO Connection' explores different ways that UFOs and other unexplained phenomena might arrive at our planet.

    Speaking to DailyMail.com, Lee said: ' I have a science degree so I'm pretty rational. I was really keen to see what Avi's take on this would be. He's one of the few serious scientists in the world taking an interest in this subject.

    'Our chat was very enlightening: he does think that advanced civilizations elsewhere in the universe may be able to use other spatial dimensions in order to travel easily through the universe. 

    'Particularly with the advances happening at CERN in regards to proving the existence of other dimensions then it makes logical sense for a far more sophisticated civilization to have developed the technology to utilise these.'

    'The Paranormal UFO Connection' is on Tubi TV in the U.S. and available via YouTube worldwide.

    https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

    29-11-2024 om 00:00 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    Tags:https://blog.seniorennet.be/images/buttons/Oranje/toevoegen.png
    28-11-2024
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.How Much Are Asteroids Really Worth?
    Asteroid mining concept.
    Credit: NASA/Denise Watt

    How Much Are Asteroids Really Worth?

    Popular media love talking about asteroid mining using big numbers. Many articles talk about a mission to Psyche, the largest metallic asteroid in the asteroid belt, as visiting a body worth $10000000000000000000, assumedly because their authors like hitting the “0” key on their keyboards a lot. But how realistic is that valuation? And what does it actually mean? A paper funded by Astroforge, an asteroid mining start-up based in Huntington Beach, and written by a professor at the Colorado School of Mine’s Space Resources Program takes a good hard look at what metals are available on asteroids and whether they’d genuinely be worth as much as the simple calculations say that would be.

    The paper divides metals on asteroids into two distinct types—those that would be worth returning to Earth and those that wouldn’t. Really, the only metals judged to be worthy of returning to Earth are the platinum-group metals (PGMs), which are known for their extraordinarily high cost, relatively low supply, and high usefulness in a variety of modern-day technology. That includes catalytic converters, which is why they are commonly the target of thieves.

    The other category would be metals used for in-space construction, such as iron, aluminum, and magnesium. While these might not be economically viable to send back to Earth because of their relatively low prices on our home planet, they are useful up in space for constructing large structures, such as space stations or solar power arrays. However, given the chicken-and-egg problem of not having any demand for these space-sourced metals because they are so expensive, it is hard to quantify how much they are worth. Its competition (i.e. launching the material from Earth), is priceable though, and at $10,000 / kg, plus $100 / kg for a common material such as iron.

    Fraser talks about whether we would mine asteroids.

    Those prices aren’t anywhere near the $500,000 / kg that a PGM such as Rhodium has ever back on Earth, but it could still make mining asteroids for iron economically viable if the material is used in space. So what do all those calculations mean for the actual value of the asteroids that we might mine?

    First and most importantly, recent research suggests that asteroids made out of “pure metal,” such as Psyche is assumed to be, are likely pure fiction. While that might not be great news for any single benign asteroid worth a lot, the other part of that research is that even asteroids that were originally thought to be relatively low in metal content actually have reasonable quantities that could be economically extracted.

    To prove the point, the paper looked in detail at a series of meteorite studies, which are the equivalent of left-over asteroids, and compared the “grades” of 83 different elements with ores found on or near the Earth’s surface. Since remote sensing has difficulty distinguishing between some of those elements, meteorite samples that can be subjected to advanced analysis techniques are our best bet at accurately calculating the chemical composition of asteroids, other than the few samples of in-tact asteroids that have been returned so far.

    Isaac Arthur also discusses the prospects of asteroid mining.
    Credit – Isaac Arthur YouTube Channel

    That data showed that PGMs, while lower in concentration than considered initially (because of an assumption in a foundational paper on the composition of asteroids), are still in much higher concentrations than the equivalent terrestrial ores. In particular, a material known as a refractory metal nugget (RMN) could have concentrations of PGMs orders of magnitude higher than anything found on Earth or other types of asteroidal material.

    RMNs are primarily found in a calcium aluminum inclusion (CAI) structure, mainly on L-type asteroids. L-types are relatively uncommon asteroids with a reddish tint, but we haven’t yet visited them. They might be made up of more than 30% CAIs, though, in which case, they could contain a significant amount of extractable PGMs without additional processing.

    However, RMNs themselves are very small, at the micron to sub-micron range, making them extremely hard to process in the first place. So, bulk extraction from asteroidal regolith could range up to hundreds of ppm, which is already a few orders of magnitude greater than their concentration in Earth’s regolith.

    Fraser talks about mining Psyche, the largest “metallic asteroid” in the asteroid belt.

    When looking at the metals for use in space, they are about as abundant as initially predicted, but they face challenges in processing them out of their oxidized states. Typically, this requires some high-energy procedure, such as molten regolith electrolysis, to break off the elemental metal, which is needed for further processing. Again, there’s the chicken and egg problem of having a power source that is large enough to perform these processes, but building it would require the material that would require the power source.

    Eventually, that problem will disappear if companies like AstroForge have their way. Remember that the company funded this study, and its two co-founders and Kevin Cannon, the professor at CSM, were co-authors. The company plans to launch its next mission, a rendezvous with near-Earth asteroids, to try to tell if they’re “metallic” in January. Perhaps that mission will help contribute to our growing understanding of the composition and value of the asteroids surrounding us.

    Learn More:

    Lead Image:

    • Asteroid mining concept.
    • NASA/Denise Watt

    https://www.universetoday.com/ }

    28-11-2024 om 23:45 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Unexplained heatwave hotspots are popping up like 'angry skin blotches' around the globe - including one over the UK, concerning map reveals

    Unexplained heatwave hotspots are popping up like 'angry skin blotches' around the globe - including one over the UK, concerning map reveals

    Heatwaves around the world in recent years have been so intense that they cannot be explained by global warming alone, a new study claims. 

    Scientists in New York say unexplained heatwave 'hotspots' are popping up on every continent except Antarctica like 'giant, angry skin blotches'

    Marked out on a new map, these 10 distinct heatwave regions are so extreme, they fall far beyond what any model of global warming can predict or explain. 

    They are located in central ChinaJapan and Korea, the Arabian peninsula, eastern Australia and north Africa. 

    Others include Canada's Northwest Territories and its High Arctic islands, northern Greenland, the southern end of South America and scattered patches of Siberia.

    There's even a heatwave 'hotspot' over the UK and northwest Europe, leading to lethal summer temperatures in 2022 and 2023. 

    'These regions become temporary hothouses,' said lead study author Kai Kornhuber, a research scientist at Columbia Climate School. 

    'Due to their unprecedented nature, these heat waves are usually linked to very severe health impacts, and can be disastrous for agriculture, vegetation and infrastructure. We're not built for them, and we might not be able to adapt fast enough.'

    Unexplained heatwave 'hotspots' are popping up across the globe, so extreme, they cannot be explained by global warming models

    Unexplained heatwave 'hotspots' are popping up across the globe, so extreme, they cannot be explained by global warming models

    The UK and northwest Europe had a heatwave hotspot in June-July 2022. Europe also suffered a heatwave the following year

    The UK and northwest Europe had a heatwave hotspot in June-July 2022. Europe also suffered a heatwave the following year

    These 'hotspots' see repeated heatwaves cropping up in multiple summers – so even though temperatures cool down after the summer ends, they reappear in the same region again. Pictured, raging wildfires north of Bly, Oregon on July 17, 2021

    These 'hotspots' see repeated heatwaves cropping up in multiple summers – so even though temperatures cool down after the summer ends, they reappear in the same region again. Pictured, raging wildfires north of Bly, Oregon on July 17, 2021

    The researchers do not argue against global warming as a concept, as evidence shows that it's the cause of soaring temperatures

    Rather, their study identifies a new phenomenon – unexplained heatwave hotspots – that global warming can't explain, meaning other factors are surely at play too. 

    'This is about extreme trends that are the outcome of physical interactions we might not completely understand,' added Kornhuber. 

    The study identifies areas of extreme heat over the past 65 years, where temperatures are accelerating considerably faster than anywhere else, leading to increasingly wild weather events, infrastructure damage and death. 

    These hotspots see repeated heatwaves cropping up in multiple summers. 

    So, even though temperatures cool down after the summer ends, they reappear in the same region again. 

    One hotspot is the US Pacific Northwest and southwestern Canada, which saw a nine-day heatwave starting in June 2021. 

    During this astonishing heat event, temperatures broke daily records in some locales by 54°F (30°C), while Canada's highest ever temperature (121.3°F/49.6°C) was recorded in Lytton, British Columbia. 

    A nine-day heatwave hammered the US Pacific Northwest and southwestern Canada in June 2021 - described by researchers as a heat anomaly

    A nine-day heatwave hammered the US Pacific Northwest and southwestern Canada in June 2021 - described by researchers as a heat anomaly 

    The extreme 2021 heatwave struck the North American Pacific Northwest. Pictured, hot conditions in Portland, Oregon, June 26, 2021

    The extreme 2021 heatwave struck the North American Pacific Northwest. Pictured, hot conditions in Portland, Oregon, June 26, 2021

    The 10 unexplained heatwave hotspots  

    1.  Central China 
    2. Japan/Korea
    3. Arabian peninsula 
    4. Eastern Australia 
    5. North Africa 
    6. Canada's Northwest Territories and High Arctic islands 
    7. Northern Greenland 
    8. Southern end of South America
    9.  Siberia
    10. Northwestern Europe (including the UK) 

    The town burned to the ground the next day in a wildfire driven in large part by the drying of vegetation in the extraordinary heat. 

    Meanwhile, in Oregon and Washington state, hundreds of people died from heat stroke and other health conditions. 

    Another unexplained heatwave hotspot is an area in northwestern Europe covering several countries including Germany, France, the Netherlands and the UK. 

    In this hotspot, abnormally high temperatures caused 60,000 deaths in 2022 and 47,000 deaths in 2023

    In northern Europe, few people in this region have air conditioning because it is generally not needed, and this probably upped the death toll, the team say. 

    While the cause of heatwave hotspots is yet to be identified, one potential explanation involves the jet stream – the fast, narrow current of air flowing from west to east that encircles the globe. 

    As the Arctic is warming on average far more quickly than most other parts of the Earth, this appears to be destabilizing the jet stream.

    This is causing the jet stream to develop so-called Rossby waves, which suck hot air from the south and park it in temperate regions that normally do not see extreme heat for days or weeks at a time.

    The heatwave hotspots are located in central China, Japan, Korea, the Arabian peninsula, eastern Australia and north Africa. Others include Canada's Northwest Territories and its High Arctic islands, northern Greenland, the southern end of South America and Siberia

    The heatwave hotspots are located in central China, Japan, Korea, the Arabian peninsula, eastern Australia and north Africa. Others include Canada's Northwest Territories and its High Arctic islands, northern Greenland, the southern end of South America and Siberia

    European nations including France, Italy, Spain, Germany and the UK faced one of the most dangerous periods of heat in the summer of 2022. Pictured, Hackney, east London on July 18, 2022

    European nations including France, Italy, Spain, Germany and the UK faced one of the most dangerous periods of heat in the summer of 2022. Pictured, Hackney, east London on July 18, 2022

    Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow currents of air that carry warm and cold air across the planet, much like the currents of a river

    Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow currents of air that carry warm and cold air across the planet, much like the currents of a river

    Hottest years on record globally 

    1. 2023 (14.98°C)
    2. 2016 (14.814°C)
    3. 2020 (14.807°C)
    4. 2019 (14.78°C)
    5. 2017 (14.723°C)
    6. 2022 (14.682°C)
    7. 2021 (14.656°C)
    8. 2018 (14.644°C)
    9. 2015 (14.637°C)
    10. 2010 (14.51°C)

    (Figure in brackets refers to global average air temperature for the year)

    Source: C3S

    However, this is only one hypothesis, and it does not seem to explain all the extreme heatwave events of recent years. 

    The researchers conclude that extreme heat is increasing significantly and faster in magnitude than what state-of-the-art climate models have predicted.

    Unprecedented climate impacts can cause huge damage infrastructure and ecosystems while threatening human life. 

    According to another recent study, there were at least 2,325 heat-related deaths in the US – more than double since 1999. 

    There's now calls for heatwaves to be given names in the same way as hurricanes, to heighten public awareness and motivate governments to prepare. 

    'Our findings highlight the need to better understand and model extreme heat and to rapidly mitigate greenhouse gas emissions to avoid further harm,' the team say in their paper, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 

    Researchers have already named 2023 as Earth's hottest recorded year ever, at 2.12°F (1.18°C) above the 20th-century average. 

    Last year's global average temperature was 58.96°F (14.98°C), around 0.3°F (0.17°C) higher than the result in 2016, the previous hottest year. 

    2023 is confirmed as the warmest calendar year in global temperature data records going back to 1850. The global average air temperature was 58.96°F (14.98°C), around 0.3°F (0.17°C) higher than the result in 2016

    2023 is confirmed as the warmest calendar year in global temperature data records going back to 1850. The global average air temperature was 58.96°F (14.98°C), around 0.3°F (0.17°C) higher than the result in 2016

    The 10 hottest years on record have occurred in the past 15 years, according to the EU's Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). 

    At the top of the list is 2023, followed by 2016 and then 2020, 2019, 2017, 2022, 2021, 2018, 2015 and 2010. 

    2024 has already recorded the hottest summer and hottest single day (July 21), but the records are not expected to stop there. 

    Experts have warned that 2024 is almost certainly going to be Earth's warmest year on record, beating the record set by 2023. 

    'After 10 months of 2024 it is now virtually certain that 2024 will be the warmest year on record and the first year of more than 1.5ºC above pre-industrial levels,' said Samantha Burgess, deputy director of C3S. 

    How does climate change make weather worse? 

    As scientists already know, climate change results in more intense rainfall because warmer air can hold more moisture. 

    And because rainfall is increasing on average across the world, the chances of flooding are getting higher. 

    Climate warming also increases evaporation on land, which can worsen drought and create conditions more prone to wildfire and a longer wildfire season. 

    Earth's warmer and moister atmosphere and warmer oceans are linked with stronger and more intense hurricanes.

    In addition, rising sea levels - partly caused by melting ice in the poles - increases the amount of seawater that is pushed on to shore during coastal storms, which, along with more rainfall produced by the storms, can result in more destructive storm surges and flooding. 

    Source: Met Office/ Royal Society  

    https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

    28-11-2024 om 22:25 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:Diversen (Eng, NL en Fr)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.See the Universe like NEVER before as mind-blowing simulation of the cosmos is released - and it's the largest one to date

    Scientists have used the world's fastest supercomputer to show the universe as it has never been seen before.

    In this incredible video, scientists from the Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory reveal the largest computer simulation of the universe ever created.

    The simulated area contains a staggering 311,296 cubic megaparsecs of space. 

    Through it, you can watch as vast clusters of galaxies come together over billions of years.

    However, this staggeringly massive vista is just 0.001 per cent of the entire simulation.

    The results of that enormous computation will enable scientists to investigate the evolution of the universe and the role played by mysterious dark matter.

    Project leader Dr Salman Habib says: 'There are two components in the universe: dark matter — which as far as we know, only interacts gravitationally — and conventional matter, or atomic matter.

    'So, if we want to know what the universe is up to, we need to simulate both of these things.'

    Scientists have revealed the largest simulation of the universe ever created, simulating an area of 31 billion cubic megaparsecs

    Scientists have revealed the largest simulation of the universe ever created, simulating an area of 31 billion cubic megaparsecs

    When astronomers look at distant galaxies through a powerful telescope like the James Webb Space Telescope they are able to look back in time to the early days of the cosmos.

    However, those images only give us snapshots of how the universe once looked.

    To get a true god's-eye view of creation, astronomers need to create what is called a 'hydrodynamic simulation'.

    Rather than just simulating the pull of gravity between different chunks of matter, hydrodynamic simulations get as close as possible to forces which shape cosmic evolution.

    Dr Habib says that this requires scientists to simulate 'gravity as well as all the other physics including hot gas, and the formation of stars, black holes and galaxies. The astrophysical "kitchen sink" so to speak.'

    The problem is that these kinds of simulations need vast amounts of computational power to create.

    In order to run simulations at all, astronomers have typically left out all the other forces and factors which make hydrodynamic simulations so useful. 

    Dr Habib says: 'For example, if we were to simulate a large chunk of the universe surveyed by one of the big telescopes such as the Rubin Observatory in Chile, you’re talking about looking at huge chunks of time — billions of years of expansion.

    In this incredible video, you can see as a vast cluster of galaxies condense in the expanding universe. This mindboggling clip (pictured) only shows 0.001 per cent of the whole simulation

    In this incredible video, you can see as a vast cluster of galaxies condense in the expanding universe. This mindboggling clip (pictured) only shows 0.001 per cent of the whole simulation 

    This new simulation is on a scale with the largest maps of the cosmos ever created such as the ESA's Euclid cosmic atlas (pictured)

    This new simulation is on a scale with the largest maps of the cosmos ever created such as the ESA's Euclid cosmic atlas (pictured)

    The simulation captures the formation of galactic filaments such as the Laniakea filament (illustrated) which contains hundreds of thousands of galaxies including the Milky Way

    The simulation captures the formation of galactic filaments such as the Laniakea filament (illustrated) which contains hundreds of thousands of galaxies including the Milky Way 

    How many stars are in the universe?

    Our Solar System revolves around one star, the Sun.

    But, the Sun is only one of between 100 and 400 billion stars in the Milky Way.

    This is only one of more than 100 galaxies in the Virgo Supercluster which, itself only one part of even larger structures.

    It is estimated that there could be between 100-200 billion and two trillion galaxies in the Universe.

    Overall, scientists estimate that there could be around 70 septilion stars in the Universe.

    That's 70 followed by 23 zeros.

    'Until recently, we couldn’t even imagine doing such a large simulation like that except in the gravity-only approximation.'

    To overcome these problems, the researchers used the Frontier supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

    Frontier is currently the world's most powerful supercomputer and is capable of performing more than a quintillion, or a billion-billion, calculations every second.

    Even with a computer that fast, emulating the universe isn't simple and it's taken more than a decade for scientists to refine and upgrade the code in order to run a hydrodynamic simulation on this scale.

    However, earlier this month, researchers were able to use 9,000 of Frontier's computing nodes to simulate a volume of the expanding universe measuring more than 31 billion cubic megaparsecs.

    This is on a scale alongside the biggest astronomical maps of the universe created by the world's most powerful telescopes.

    Critically, this simulation also includes the effects of the mysterious substance known as dark matter.

    Dark matter is a theoretical type of particle which doesn't interact with the atoms and subatomic particles which make up the rest of the universe.

    Critically, this simulation also includes the effects of dark matter. This theoretical substance could create vast, unobservable structures between galaxies which have given the universe the extra mass it needs to evolve into the form we observe today. Pictured: a NASA simulation of the formation of dark matter structures in the early universe

    Critically, this simulation also includes the effects of dark matter. This theoretical substance could create vast, unobservable structures between galaxies which have given the universe the extra mass it needs to evolve into the form we observe today. Pictured: a NASA simulation of the formation of dark matter structures in the early universe 

    article image

    The only way that dark matter supposedly affects the universe around it is by exerting a gravitational pull.

    Scientists first proposed that this strange substance might exist to explain why the gravitational forces in the universe seem to be stronger than the mass of all the galaxies should produce.

    However, since we cannot observe dark matter in any way simulations like this are key to understanding how it might have influenced the evolution of the cosmos.

    The team are yet to release any analysis based on the simulation but we should expect some exciting revelations to come.

    Dark matter: The mysterious substance that makes up 85% of the universe that scientists cannot confirm

    Dark matter is a hypothetical substance said to make up roughly 85 per cent of the universe.

    The enigmatic material is invisible because it does not reflect light, and has never been directly observed by scientists.

    Astronomers know it to be out there because of its gravitational effects on known matter.

    The European Space Agency says: 'Shine a torch in a completely dark room, and you will see only what the torch illuminates.

    Dark matter is a hypothetical substance said to make up roughly 27 per cent of the universe. It is thought to be the gravitational 'glue' that holds the galaxies together (artist's impression)

    Dark matter is a hypothetical substance said to make up roughly 27 per cent of the universe. It is thought to be the gravitational 'glue' that holds the galaxies together (artist's impression)

    'That does not mean that the room around you does not exist.

    'Similarly we know dark matter exists but have never observed it directly.'

    The material is thought to be the gravitational 'glue' that holds the galaxies together.

    Calculations show that many galaxies would be torn apart instead of rotating if they weren't held together by a large amount of dark matter.

    Just five per cent the observable universe consists of known matter such as atoms and subatomic particles.


    Exploring our Mind-Blowing Universe | BBC Earth Science

    The Mind-Blowing Mysteries of the Universe | Space Documentary 2024

    https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

    28-11-2024 om 21:22 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Mystery of the Loch Ness Monster may finally be SOLVED - as expert claims he has a simple explanation for sightings of the mythical beast

    A strange natural phenomenon could unravel the mystery of Loch Ness Monster sightings, according to an expert researcher.

    Alan McKenna, founder of Loch Ness Exploration (LNE), believes elusive 'standing waves' might explain sightings of the mythical monster.

    He said: 'A standing wave occurs when two boat wakes of the exact same frequency and amplitude are moving in opposite directions on the loch surface.

    'When the two boat wakes finally meet and interfere with one another the results have the potential to create a standing wave.'

    The peaks of these standing waves, rising above the otherwise calm waters, could be mistaken for 'humps' above the surface.

    Footage captured by Mr McKenna shows the phenomenon occurring where a river meets the loch on its southern shore, at Fort Augustus.

    But capturing a standing wave caused by boat wakes out on the open water is a greater challenge.

    Alan said: 'The waves and the boat wake need to be identical.

    A strange natural phenomenon could unravel the mystery of Loch Ness Monster sightings, according to an expert researcher

    A strange natural phenomenon could unravel the mystery of Loch Ness Monster sightings, according to an expert researcher

    Alan McKenna, founder of Loch Ness Exploration (LNE), believes elusive 'standing waves' might explain sightings of the mythical monster
    Alan McKenna, founder of Loch Ness Exploration (LNE), believes elusive 'standing waves' might explain sightings of the mythical monster

    'So with all that in mind, there's now a lot more to consider here such as the boat itself, its size, the direction of travel and its current speed.

    'A small boat with a smaller engine will most definitely produce a wake different from a much larger boat.

    'It's a complex procedure, especially in open water, but it can happen.'

    Mr McKenna now hopes to record the phenomenon happening out over the deep heart of the loch.

    He said: 'Ali Matheson, skipper of Deepscan, frequently reports standing waves, but more so in the small marina within Urquhart Bay also known as Temple Pier.

    'That's all fine and well, but it's more difficult to capture a standing wave in open water.

    'We know that standing waves exist and they have been reported but what we don't have is the footage showing a natural standing wave in motion.'

    He continued: 'Since launching LNE, it's always been my hope to capture as much natural phenomena as possible.

    Peaks of standing waves, rising above the otherwise calm waters, could be mistaken for 'humps' above the surface

    Peaks of standing waves, rising above the otherwise calm waters, could be mistaken for 'humps' above the surface

    Mr McKenna now hopes to record the phenomenon happening out over the deep heart of the loch

    Mr McKenna now hopes to record the phenomenon happening out over the deep heart of the loch 

    Nessie sightings might just be 'standing waves'

    Mr McKenna says 'standing waves' might explain sightings of the mythical monster.

    He said: 'A standing wave occurs when two boat wakes of the exact same frequency and amplitude are moving in opposite directions on the loch surface. When the two boat wakes finally meet and interfere with one another the results have the potential to create a standing wave.'

    The peaks of standing waves, rising above the calm waters, could be mistaken for 'humps' above the surface.

    'It's a process of elimination, in my mind, as most potential 'Nessie' reports can be explained.

    'Without being disrespectful, I tend to follow the reports made by the locals and the reason being is that they see Loch Ness everyday.

    'I dare say that they are more knowledgeable than tourists.

    'If you are unfamiliar with Loch Ness and its natural behaviour then I do believe that many people will be fooled by the water and certain illusions – it's easily done!'

    When it comes to the existence of the fabled beast, however, Alan is keeping an open mind.

    The 37-year-old said: 'If there are any unknown animals in Loch Ness then they certainly don't play by the rules.

    'It's the perfect habitat for a shy animal with 23 miles of cold dark water and around 750ft deep.

    'You could be swimming next to a 200ft submarine below the surface and not even notice it right in front of you, it's that dark!'

    He continued: 'When I was a youngster and throughout my childhood, I fully believed the Plesiosaur theory.

    'But the more you explore the story of Loch Ness the more unlikely that theory becomes – sorry folks.

    article image

    'We've had many potential candidates over the years for 'Nessie' such as giant eels, long-necked seals, Greenland shark, large sturgeon, catfish and many others.

    'But truth be told, none of us have the correct answer and that's what keeps this mystery going.'

    LNE is an independent voluntary research group focused on Loch Ness, its natural environment, and its ecology, as well as the mythical monster.

    Mr McKenna said: 'We invite everyone to join this group who has a genuine interest in the loch. It's not just about 'Nessie' as Loch Ness is far more than that.

    'We have a great mixture of individuals in the LNE group and I believe it to be diverse.'

    What IS the Loch Ness Monster?

    Rumours of a strange creature living in the waters of Loch Ness have abounded over the decades, yet scant evidence has been found to back up these claims.

    One of the first sightings, believed to have fuelled modern Nessie fever, came in May 2, 1933.  

    On this date the Inverness Courier carried a story about a local couple who claim to have seen 'an enormous animal rolling and plunging on the surface'.

    Another famous claimed sighting is a photograph taken in 1934 by Colonel Robert Kenneth Wilson.

    It was later exposed as a hoax by one of the participants, Chris Spurling, who, on his deathbed, revealed that the pictures were staged.

    Other sightings James Gray's picture from 2001 when he and friend Peter Levings were out fishing on the Loch, while namesake Hugh Gray's blurred photo of what appears to be a large sea creature was published in the Daily Express in 1933.

    Robert Kenneth Wilson, a London physician, captured arguably the most famous image of the Loch Ness Monster. The surgeon’s photograph was published in the Daily Mail on April 21, 1934 - however it was later proven to be a fake

    Robert Kenneth Wilson, a London physician, captured arguably the most famous image of the Loch Ness Monster. The surgeon’s photograph was published in the Daily Mail on April 21, 1934 - however it was later proven to be a fake 

    The first reported sighting of the monster is said to have been made in AD565 by the Irish missionary St Columba when he came across a giant beast in the River Ness.

    But no one has ever come up with a satisfactory explanation for the sightings - although in 2019, 'Nessie expert' Steve Feltham, who has spent 24 years watching the Loch, said he thought it was actually a giant Wels Catfish, native to waters near the Baltic and Caspian seas in Europe.

    An online register lists more than 1,000 total Nessie sightings, created by Mr Campbell, the man behind the Official Loch Ness Monster Fan Club and is available at www.lochnesssightings.com. 

    So what could explain these mysterious sightings? 

    Many Nessie witnesses have mentioned large, crocodile-like scutes sitting atop the spine of the creature, leading some to believe an escaped amphibian may be to blame.

    Native fish sturgeons can also weigh several hundred pounds and have ridged backs, which make them look almost reptilian.

    Some believe Nessie is a long-necked plesiosaur - like an elasmosaur - that survived somehow when all the other dinosaurs were wiped out.

    Others say the sightings are down to Scottish pines dying and flopping into the loch, before quickly becoming water-logged and sinking.

    While submerged, botanical chemicals start trapping tiny bubbles of air.

    Eventually, enough of these are gathered to propel the log upward as deep pressures begin altering its shape, giving the appearance of an animal coming up for air.

    OTHER VIDEOS

    The Truth Behind the Loch Ness Monster: Nessie Mystery Solved | Factoidz

    History of the Loch Ness Monster - Documentary

    The Mystery Of The Loch Ness Monster | A Legend Uncovered

    https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

    28-11-2024 om 20:43 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:Myths, legends, unknown cultures and civilizations
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.A Nuclear “City Under The Ice” Revealed By NASA Scans Over Greenland

    A Nuclear “City Under The Ice” Revealed By NASA Scans Over Greenland

    Story by Tom Hale
     
    Traces of Camp Century are seen below the Greenland Ice Sheet using radar. - Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech via NASA Earth Observatory
    Traces of Camp Century are seen below the Greenland Ice Sheet using radar. - Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech via NASA Earth Observatory
    © IFL Science

    While scanning the frozen surface of northwestern Greenland this year, NASA scientists stumbled across a "city under the ice" from the paranoid years of the Cold War.

    The structure was Camp Century, an abandoned Arctic military research base run by the US between 1959 and 1967 during the Cold War. It was the hub of Project Iceworm, a plan to install a network of nuclear missile launch sites hidden amid the Arctic Ice Sheet that could survive a first strike from the Soviet Union.

    Camp Century

    The site was abandoned in 1967 and left to be covered by Greenland’s perpetual snowfall. This year, however, faint echoes of the buried camp emerged when researchers flew over the Greenland Ice Sheet with a plane that had radar equipment attached to its belly.

    “We were looking for the bed of the ice and out pops Camp Century,” Alex Gardner, project leader and cryospheric scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), said in a statement.

    “We didn’t know what it was at first,” Gardner added.

    It’s estimated that the structures of the military facility are currently at least 30 meters (100 feet) below the snow-covered surface, shallow enough to be picked up by radar-beaming equipment.

    A radar detected Camp Century under the ice
    A radar detected Camp Century under the ice. 
    Picture: Nasa

    Previous airborne surveys of Greenland have detected signals of Camp Century as they passed over the site. However, the latest imagery from April 2024 provides the best view yet.

    “In the new data, individual structures in the secret city are visible in a way that they’ve never been seen before,” explained Chad Greene, another cryospheric scientist at JPL.

    With warming temperatures melting the planet’s ice sheets, there’s no guarantee the camp’s ruins will remain buried for long. A 2016 study indicated that the ice sheet on top of Camp Century could rapidly deteriorate within 75 years under a "business-as-usual scenario" of fossil fuel abuse.

    If that happens, the report said, it would “guarantee the eventual remobilization of physical, chemical, biological, and radiological wastes abandoned at the site.” The researchers went on to suggest that the problem had the potential to spark fiddly political disputes between the Danish government and the US.

    It’s uncertain if or when disaster might strike at Camp Century, but research initiatives like the recent project by NASA JPL could help keep tabs on the situation.

    “Without detailed knowledge of ice thickness, it is impossible to know how the ice sheets will respond to rapidly warming oceans and atmosphere, greatly limiting our ability to project rates of sea level rise,” noted Gardner.

     The Camp Century military base in Greenland. (photo credit: Wikimedia Commons)
    The Camp Century military base in Greenland.
    (photo credit: Wikimedia Commons)
     Constructing the trenches at Camp Century, Greenland. (credit: Wikimedia Commons)
    Constructing the trenches at Camp Century, Greenland.
    (credit: Wikimedia Commons)

    28-11-2024 om 18:04 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:MYSTERIES , Complot Theories, ed ( EN, FR, NL )
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Mysterious blue light spotted during avalanche on Mount Xiannairi, China

    Mysterious blue light spotted during avalanche on Mount Xiannairi, China

    A rare and intriguing phenomenon has been observed in China. On the night of October 27th, Chinese astrophotographer Shengyu Li set up his camera to capture star trails over Mount Xiannairi in Sichuan Province. To his surprise, he recorded mysterious blue flashes accompanying an avalanche. 

    The exact cause of these "blue lights" remains unclear, sparking various theories. Some speculate they could stem from geomagnetic activity, interactions of cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere, or rare atmospheric phenomena like blue jets or elves. However, Li offers another explanation: the flashes might result from triboluminescence—light produced by friction during ice fragmentation. 
    Triboluminescence occurs when certain materials emit light as they are fractured, scratched, or rubbed. This phenomenon happens due to the breaking of chemical bonds or the sudden separation of surfaces, which generates electrical charges. These charges can ionize the surrounding air or excite the material itself, creating visible light. 
    The hypothesis suggests that this event could be an example of triboluminescence. However, it also raises the intriguing possibility of a connection to UFO phenomena, such as orbs or other unexplained lights that have been observed around the world over the years. 
    Hypothesis: The sighting depicts what appears to be a blue light descending onto a snowbank, following the avalanche as it moves downward, and then vanishing before seemingly ascending again.

     Did the avalanche trigger the blue light, or did the blue light crash into the snow, causing the avalanche? 
    Whether this phenomenon is a rare case of triboluminescence, potentially the first instance of it being captured on camera or something linked to unexplained UFO activity, the recording of this light remains a unique and fascinating occurrence.

    An alternate view of Xian Nairi.

    Photo: Trip Advisor user M27***10

    https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

    28-11-2024 om 17:24 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:MYSTERIES ( Fr, Nl, E)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.An AI Chemist Made A Catalyst to Make Oxygen On Mars Using Local Materials

    An AI Chemist Made A Catalyst to Make Oxygen On Mars Using Local Materials

    Breaking oxygen out of a water molecule is a relatively simple process, at least chemically. Even so, it does require components, one of the most important of which is a catalyst. Catalysts enable reactions and are linearly scalable, so if you want more reactions quickly, you need a bigger catalyst. In space exploration, bigger means heavier, which translates into more expensive. So, when humanity is looking for a catalyst to split water into oxygen and hydrogen on Mars, creating one from local Martian materials would be worthwhile. That is precisely what a team from Hefei, China, did by using what they called an “AI Chemist.”

    Unfortunately, the name “AIChemist” didn’t stick, though that joke might vary depending on the font you read it in. Whatever its name, the team’s work was some serious science. It specifically applied machine learning algorithms that have become all the rage lately to selecting an effective catalyst for an “oxygen evolution reaction” by utilizing materials native to Mars. 

    To say it only chose the catalyst isn’t giving the system the full credit it’s due, though. It accomplished a series of steps, including developing a catalyst formula, pretreating the ore to create the catalyst, synthesizing it, and testing it once it was complete. The authors estimate that the automated process saved over 2,000 years of human labor by completing all of these tasks and point to the exceptional results of the testing to prove it.

    Depiction of the process the AI Chemist went through to create the test catalyst.
    Credit – Zhu et al.

    Before we get to that, though, let’s start with the “initial conditions.” The team developed an “all-in-one” robotic AI chemist capable of performing all these tasks. It was initially based on work done by more limited AI chemists who could read synthetic chemistry literature and estimate the efficacy of different chemical compounds for different tasks. After they built the model, they needed to feed it with some data.

    For that data, they selected five different common rocks from the surface of Mars. They estimated that there would be 3,764,376 possible combinations to come out of the elements present in those rocks, depending on how the combinations were manufactured. So, the first task of the AI Chemist was to select one that could act as a catalyst for splitting off oxygen. Part of that dataset was built with 30,000 other theoretical datasets and the results of 243 experiments. The result is a “polymetallic” material composed of manganese, iron, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, and calcium. 

    Next, a sample of the catalyst would be manufactured for testing. The AI is equipped with a robot arm that took physical samples of meteorites that had been dissolved in hydrochloric acid and attempted to synthesize the suggested catalyst out of those materials. This process involved pretty extreme processes like centrifuging the samples at 7,500g for 5 minutes to separate out the necessary materials and drying out the resultant material. Impressively, all of this was seemingly done without human intervention.

    Fraser goes into detail about how a potential mission to Mars will happen in the near future – including creating oxygen using catalysts.

    After some of the material had been synthesized, the research team tested it by actually performing the reduction process it was designed to do. More importantly, they did so under Martian ambient conditions. The material performed admirably, similar to existing catalysts already used.

    So, effectively, an AI just developed and tested a catalyst for use on Mars using local materials. And potentially saved over 2,000 years of intensive human labor in doing so. That is a testament to how effective AI is at finding patterns in existing data and extrapolating them using new data. It remains to be seen, though, if this catalyst will ever see the light of day on Mars, as the catalyst itself must be integrated with the rest of the system to perform the reduction reaction to split oxygen from water effectively. Given the complexity of the process used to create that catalyst, it might be easier for us to ship one directly from Earth, even if it doesn’t use Martian materials.

    Learn More:

    Lead Image:

    • Series of images of the robotic arm used in the experiments running the catalyst synthesis process.
    • Credit – Zhu et al.

    https://www.universetoday.com/ }

    28-11-2024 om 00:00 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    27-11-2024
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.The Sixth Kind! – Deadly Encounters with UFOs and Extraterrestrials!

    Afbeeldingsresultaten voor The Sixth Kind! – Deadly Encounters with UFOs and Extraterrestrials!

    The Sixth Kind! – Deadly Encounters with UFOs and Extraterrestrials!

    Despite their sometimes harrowing nature, the vast majority of people live to tell the tale of seeing a UFO or even interacting with an extraterrestrial being from another world. Some people, though, are not so lucky. These unfortunate people, who, according to the Hynek scale, have experienced an encounter of the sixth kind, have died as an apparent direct result of an incident with a UFO or an encounter with an alien entity. And while comparatively speaking, these incidents are few and far between, there are more of them on record than we might think. 

    There have been several cases of US Air Force pilots, for example, who are suspected of having lost their lives in aviation accidents as a direct result of pursuits of UFOs. Without a doubt, one of the most morosely intriguing is the Grouse Mountain encounter that unfolded in February 1954, not least as the evidence appears to go against the official determination that the incident was a tragic accident due to pilot error. In fact, given the weight of this evidence uncovered by UFO investigators, it is surprising, and perhaps suspicious, that the incident is not much more well-known than it is.

    At around 10:30 am on February 12th, 1954, Second Lieutenant Lamar Barlow was piloting his F86 Sabre jet over Grouse Mountain in British Columbia, Canada. He had departed from McChord Air Force Base across the border in Tacoma, Washington on a standard instrument checking exercise, although, interestingly or not, the jet was fully armed. The flight was uneventful, to begin with. However, at a little after noon, the control tower at McChord began receiving “Mayday” calls from Barlow. He offered that the plane’s compass was no longer working and as a result, he was now lost. According to official records, at precisely 12:06 pm, Barlow was around 60 miles north of Vancouver. Only nine minutes later, that distance had been reduced to 15 miles. However, by now, the jet was running low on fuel. As such, preparations were made for an emergency landing at Vancouver’s Sea Island Airport. Before the landing, however, communications with Barlow suddenly ceased. 

    Barlow and his plane were eventually recovered on the mountainside at an altitude of 2700 feet. It was estimated that his plane had slammed into the mountain while traveling at a speed of around 750 miles per hour. Upon the discovery, his body was found still strapped into the pilot’s seat, while debris from the now crippled jet was scattered in all directions. 

    Accounts of the crash began appearing in both local and national newspapers, and several days later, the United States Air Force offered their official explanation for the tragic crash. Barlow, they offered, had seen “radar ghosts” and, with the loss of his navigation equipment, became increasingly confused. They believed that Barlow thought he was much closer to Tacoma than he actually was. As such, by the time Grouse Mountain came into view, he simply had no time to react and crashed into the mountainside, killing him instantly. 

    To some, though, this explanation didn’t make sense, especially why he was traveling so fast when he was descending. These concerns were dismissed by the military as a simple lack of experience on Barlow’s part. There were, though, other details that didn’t add up for UFO investigators. Why, for example, was the jet carrying 24 fully armed rockets on what was a standard navigation exercise? Despite counterarguments that this was to reproduce the exact weight of the plane should it be heading into combat, this could have been achieved without armed rockets. Furthermore, sending an inexperienced pilot up with such an armed plane on a standard exercise was also seen as questionable. 

    Ultimately, as had been suspected in other similar cases over the previous years, UFO investigators asked whether Barlow had left the runway at Tacoma Air Force Base not to embark on a training exercise but to intercept an anomalous object – essentially, a UFO. What made these suspicions grow even more was that the entire area around the crash site was roped off and protected by armed guards for several days following the incident. Once more, the official explanation was to ensure that the scene was not contaminated and to make sure every last bit of wreckage was recovered, not least the rockets themselves. The fact is, it is not known if any of the rockets were fired, or if all or any of them were recovered. Incidentally, reports of the apparent clean-up operation stated that “most” of the rockets were recovered but not all. Needless to say, many people refused to accept the official explanation for Barlow’s death. 

    With these doubts in mind, questions continued to grow as to whether Lamar Barlow was on a secret intercept mission that morning in February 1954. And what’s more, this intercept mission, it was theorized, was to use deadly force to bring down this anomalous object. Had this potential use of deadly force resulted in Barlow’s death? 

    Also to come under scrutiny was the strange radar echoes, which were never explained, as well as just what caused Barlow’s navigation equipment to fail in the first place. In light of these questions, it is interesting to note that many pilots who have encountered UFOs – both military, private, and commercial – have reported having problems with their navigation and communications equipment, almost as if they were intentionally jammed. Was that what happened here? It is also interesting to note that, at the time, the United States military often used the term “phantom radar echoes” as an explanation for any kind of aerial anomaly. 

    One UFO researcher – Gord Heath – arrived at his potential scenario as to what happened that morning on Grouse Mountain. He highlighted, for example, how unusual it was that a pilot would be allowed to stray so far off course, even going across the border into Canada. He offered that it was standard practice for the control tower to alert a pilot under such circumstances. If we recall, according to the official report, the first time the control tower was aware there was a problem of any kind was when Barlow began issuing Mayday calls following the apparent loss of his navigation equipment. Of course, if Barlow was on an intercept mission then the control tower would have been fully aware of his whereabouts and why. Heath writes: 

    “Which makes more sense? The radar operators ignored the jet flying off into Canadian airspace until the pilot suddenly realizes he has only 30 minutes of fuel and has no clue about his position OR the radar operators guided the pilot in pursuit of a UFO into Canadian air space, beyond the farthest distance to return to base thinking the pilot would be able to land safely at Vancouver?” 

    Many UFO researchers and enthusiasts agreed with Heath’s conclusions. There was, though, a witness who offered further information. In a twist that appears to come straight out of a Hollywood blockbuster movie, this witness was a 6-year-old girl, Robin McPherson, who was returning home from school during her lunch break at the time of the incident. She stated to newspaper reporters that she watched as the jet plane just missed a ski-lift when she first saw it. She further claimed that the plane was “awful low” and “came out of the clouds” traveling “very fast”. She then stated that:

    “Then it sort of zoomed up and went in the trees on the side of the mountain. I didn’t hear any noise like a bang!”

    Adding to the confusion and intrigue, in the same newspaper report, a military spokesperson, perhaps without permission to do so, questioned why Barlow had not “bailed out” which was standard procedure, adding that Barlow was “flying as blind as a bat!” In short, for all the suggestions that something more than had been disclosed had taken place, the military seemed intent on putting the blame for Barlow’s death squarely on Barlow and nobody else. 

    Of course, there is no proof that a UFO was present in the skies over Grouse Mountain that morning, or if Lamar Barlow was sent up to intercept it. The rumors, however, persist to this day, and what’s more, it is far from the only encounter to feature the death of a military pilot. Only months earlier a similar incident unfolded, once more along the American-Canadian border, several hundred miles to the east in the Soo Locks area of Lake Superior in Michigan. 

    On the evening of November 23rd, 1953, personnel at Sault Ste Marie began seeing strange radar readings over the strictly restricted air space. Several moments later, an anomalous aerial object was detected. Shortly after that, Lieutenant Felix Moncla and Second Lieutenant Robert Wilson sprinted to their F-89C Scorpion fighter jet before taking off from Kinross Air Force Base to investigate and possibly intercept the unknown craft.  While Moncla piloted the jet, Wilson read the radar readings. However, whether a consequence of the strange craft or not, the jet’s radar appeared faulty and so Moncla had to rely on information relayed from the control tower at Kinross Air Force Base. In an article on the incident, veteran UFO researcher Nick Redfern wrote:

    “Available USAF records demonstrate that the F-89 was vectored west-northwest, then west, climbing to 30,000 feet. While on its westerly course, the crew received permission to descend to 7,000 feet, turning east-northeast and coming steeply down on the target from above!” 

    Moncla began his descent, traveling at approximately 500 miles per hour. Then, without warning, the anomalous object suddenly changed course. In response, Moncla did likewise, beginning a cat-and-mouse chase that continued for around 30 minutes before it appeared the jet was finally closing in. As this was happening, radar operators in the control tower at Kinross Air Force Base watched events unfold on their radar screens, seeing the jet close in on the mystery blip. 

    Eventually, the two objects on the radar screen, for all intents and purposes, became one. Personnel in the control tower prepared for communications regarding engagement. However, rather than that, the mystery object suddenly vanished from the radar screen – as did the F-89 jet. Attempts to communicate with the pilot began immediately but no response was forthcoming. More jets were scrambled in order to search for the missing fighter jet and the two missing pilots. However, there was no sign of them or the plane. It appeared as though they had completely vanished into thin air. Despite this, the search continued through the night and into the following day, although it ultimately proved fruitless. As we might imagine, in part because of the high strangeness of the encounter, and in part because the United States was in the middle of several waves of UFO sightings at the time, it wasn’t long before the wider public took an interest in the case, specifically UFO investigators. And, perhaps as a response to this wider interest, the military soon began to offer differing versions of events as to just what happened on the evening of November 23rd, 1953. 

    They had, for example, originally stated to the Associated Press that the jet and mystery object had “merged” on the radar screen. However, as interest in the incident grew, they backed down from this, claiming that no merging of any kind had taken place. At one point, a military spokesperson offered that the mystery object was a Canadian fighter jet that had strayed off course and wandered into American air space, something that the Canadian military outright rejected. Eventually, the United States military put forward that “the pilot probably suffered from vertigo and crashed into the lake!” Ultimately, though, despite all the differing statements and back-and-forth between the military and the press, just what happened to Moncla and Wilson remained unknown. 

    The previously mentioned Gord Heath offered his opinion on the incident, stating that it was highly unlikely that the United States Air Force – or indeed any air force – would have allowed someone who suffered from vertigo to pilot a fighter jet, adding that it was also just as unlikely that Moncla had managed to hide this condition from the military. Even more interesting, Heath also offered that he had spoken with fellow UFO researcher, John Tenney. According to what Tenney told him, through a source in the United States Air Force, Moncla’s “Cajun drawl” was heard over the communications radio several hours after the jet fighter had disappeared. If this was true, then where was this communication coming from, and just what had happened to the two pilots? Had they been “abducted” by the mystery craft and were their communications left open after this event? Was this communication coming from somewhere on Earth or was Moncla communicating from somewhere in space, or even from another dimension? And most intriguingly, just what did Moncla say? Furthermore, was this communication on a channel that was only heard by a very select number of the control tower, or had the military successfully managed to quieten all of those present that evening? 

    Whatever the truth, it didn’t take long for accusations of a cover-up to swirl around the encounter. Heath offered several reasons for his belief that the military was suppressing information on the incident. He highlighted, for example, how there was no memorial for the two missing (presumed dead) pilots – something that is carried out for every single member of the military who loses their lives during active service for their country. We should remember that the official stance of the military was that the two pilots had died while on active military duty. Similarly, the men’s wives did not receive the also customary American flag from the Air Force. Writing in 2003 in UFOBC Quarterly Magazine, Heath stated:

    “Was it because they (the Air Force) had reason to suspect that the two crewmen might still be alive?” 

    Might Heath have been close to the truth? Could the pilots have still been alive despite the official declaration of their deaths? A decade and a half after the presumed deadly incident, in 1968, the case took another intriguing turn when the wreckage of a fighter jet was discovered on the banks of Lake Michigan. The discovery led to speculation in the local press that the wreckage was that of the missing F-89 fighter jet. However, neither the American nor Canadian authorities issued any kind of statement about the discovery. Was this the missing plane from November 1953? And if so, where were the bodies of the two pilots? Furthermore, how did it remain undetected for 15 years?

    While there is no solid proof that the United States military, and indeed the Canadian authorities were engaged in an active cover-up regarding the disappearance of Moncla and Wilson, there are enough discrepancies and loose ends for the incident to remain a matter of intrigue almost three-quarters of a century later. And we should also note that it isn’t just UFO researchers and investigators who have continued to question the official narrative of the events of November 23rd, 1953. Many members of the two men’s families have also questioned just what happened to the two men. One such person was Moncla’s cousin, Buddy Moncla. He stated that he was very much open to the idea that Moncla and Wilson had been “snatched” by a UFO. In fact, according to his own research, the last transmission from Moncla that fateful evening was him stating that he was “going in for a closer look” before silence took over the airwaves.

    Buddy believes that the two pilots did indeed witness something in the skies over Michigan that evening and went to investigate as they had been sent up to do. Perhaps adding yet another layer of mystery to the whole affair was Buddy’s suggestion that the UFO might not have been an alien vehicle but “something that Uncle Sam was experimenting with!” Of course, if this was the case then it perhaps offers an explanation as to why the military were so insistent on suppressing any information of the encounter. Should we consider that the order to scramble that evening was given in error and that the anomalous object was, in fact, a top-secret experimental aircraft of the United States military? And with this in mind, is that why Moncla’s voice was heard several hours after the disappearance – because the “Uncle Sam aircraft” had an open communications channel available to only a select few, one of whom might have been the “military source” behind the claim? While this is, of course, pure speculation, that something strange took place that November evening in 1953 surely is not. 

    There are more details to examine regarding the incident that hint at some kind of secret mission – one that Moncla and Wilson very much might have been aware of before they embarked on it. And once more, it is the research and investigation of Gord Heath that brings us this information. Reminiscent of the movie Destination Tokyo, where pilots were asked to leave their identification papers behind before embarking on their mission due to the fact that many of them were not expected to return alive, Moncla had quickly left his wallet purposely behind where it could be found before taking off from Kinross Air Force Base that evening. As Heath asks, was this because Moncla was fully aware of the potentially deadly nature of his mission? 

    There are also the testimonies of several Canadian rail workers at the Algoma Central Railway, who stated to local Canadian newspapers that they heard the sound of a crash on the night in question. Was this crash Moncla and Wilson’s F-89 jet? What makes these claims even more interesting is that local residents of the area also offered to newspapers that they witnessed several American fighter jets performing several “sweeps” of the area in the hours that followed the disappearance of the F-89. Once more, did the military know more about the incident than they publicly let on?   

    In the early 2000s, although we should perhaps treat it with a pinch of salt, another witness came forward, anonymously, through a UFO website. They claimed to have been a member of the military at the time of the incident and were present in the radar room at Battle Creek Air Force Base on the night in question. His account was almost identical to what eventually entered the public record, although, as he offered, he was able to “fill in the gaps” of the official record. 

    He stated that not one but two F-89 fighter jets had been scrambled from Kinross Air Force Base on the night in question. One of them, however, immediately experienced problems with their equipment and so had to return to base. Moncla, the witness claimed, was asked if he wanted to return to base and await another wingman, something he declined, instead offering to continue the mission alone (with Wilson as the radar operator). Official records show that only one fighter jet was in the air that night, which leaves us with several possibilities. 

    Perhaps the most obvious scenario is that the anonymous Battle Creek witness manufactured his version of events. However, as he was anonymous, he would have had little to gain from doing so. Without revealing his identity, he wouldn’t have been able to gain financially. So, if we discount that idea, was it possible that the anonymous witness was working for the military in order to plant disinformation about the encounter in order to lead investigators away from the truth of what happened that night? It is certainly possible, although, perhaps unlikely. This then leaves us with the notion that what the anonymous witness offered was completely true, right down to the details that the communications during the encounter were affected greatly by electrical static (something that often accompanies close contact UFO encounters). And if this is the case, why did he wait 50 years to come forward with the information? Perhaps we should turn once more to Gord Heath, who offered about the anonymous witness that while there was nothing to corroborate his account, it had the feeling of “being important”, and ultimately, truthful. 

    In August 2006, the case took yet another twist after UFO researcher, Francis Ridge, received an email from “Preston Miller” regarding the apparent recovery of the missing F-89 several weeks after it disappeared in late 1953. And while it is another piece of information that should be treated with caution it is certainly worth quickly examining. 

    According to the correspondence, the discovery was made in Lake Superior a short distance from the last known location of the fighter jet. The discovery was made by a group of divers known as the Great Lakes Dive Company. And not long after these apparent revelations, an apparent representative of the company came forward. “Adam Jimenez” began to answer questions online regarding the discovery, eventually appearing on Coast to Coast radio where he was interviewed by veteran UFO researcher, Linda Moulton Howe. Not only did he come across as very credible, but he offered side-scan sonar images of the discovery, which did indeed appear to show a sunken jet fighter, mostly in one piece. 

    However, the twists continued several months later when the website set up by the Great Lakes Dive Company simply disappeared. At the same time, “Adam Jiminez” also seemed to disappear, no longer responding to emails or online questions. To some, this was confirmation that the revelations were nothing but a hoax. Some researchers, though, questioned if this sudden disappearance was part of the long-standing cover-up. 

    Ultimately, the disappearance and presumed deaths of Felix Moncla and Robert Wilson remain a complete mystery. Felix Moncla’s sister, Leoni Shannon, offered years later that:

    “We still know nothing about it. I don’t think the (US) government wants to let us know about what really happened to him!” 

    She is certainly not alone in her assessment of the situation. 

    Several years later in March 1956, another blood-curdling episode unfolded involving two more military personnel. According to the account, on the day in question, Sergeant Jonathon Lovette and Major William Cunningham were out on the White Sands missile testing grounds near Holloman Air Force Base searching for rocket debris. During the course of their search, Lovette opted to go and investigate an area at the edge of a small sand dune. He momentarily disappeared from Cunningham’s sight. A short time later, though, Cunningham heard a petrified scream coming from where Lovette was last seen. 

    Suspecting Lovette had discovered and been bitten by a snake, Cunningham rushed over to the sand dune. However, when he peered down, he was greeted with a sight he was not contemplating. The first thing he could see was a large, shiny, silver disc hovering over the ground around 20 feet away from him. Then he saw the tentacle-like appendage extending from an opening in the object. He traced this tentacle down to the ground and could see that it was wrapped around Lovette’s leg. He watched helplessly as his colleague continued to scream in terror. A moment later, Lovette began to be dragged toward the object, eventually disappearing inside. Then, the object rose straight into the air and disappeared in a second. 

    A moment later, after finally bringing himself to his senses, Cunningham ran back to the military jeep the pair had been traveling in and radioed back to base what had happened, requesting immediate backup and assistance. By the time several military units arrived in response to his distress call, Cunningham was in a state of complete shock. He was immediately taken to a military hospital where he was kept under constant observation. During this time, he was questioned on several occasions as to exactly what had happened – and each time, he offered the same version of events: that he had seen Lovette dragged aboard a flying saucer by a tentacle-like appendage, and then the saucer had disappeared into the sky. It is also interesting to note, at least according to the report, that base radar noted an anomalous object in the same region that Lovette disappeared – an object that itself simply vanished from radar suddenly.  

    Military search units combed the entire region over the course of three days, eventually discovering Lovette’s naked corpse around 10 miles from where he was last seen. It was estimated that his body had been out in the elements for between 12 to 24 hours, meaning there were 48 hours where his whereabouts were unknown. When his body was returned to base and an autopsy performed, it simply raised more unsettling questions. 

    His body had been completely, but precisely mutilated, with very similar injuries and cuts that would become commonplace in the cattle mutilations that would follow over the subsequent decades. Part of his lower jaw, for example, had been precisely cut away, and his tongue had been surgically removed. His eyes had also been cleanly removed, as had his anus, which was described as being taken out as it were a “plug or cork-stop!” 

    It was determined that whoever – or whatever – had inflicted these injuries, almost certainly had advanced surgical and medical knowledge, not to mention skills. Perhaps the most unsettling discovery, though, and again something that would show itself in the cattle mutilations that would begin in the late 1960s, was that every drop of blood had been drained from his body. Adding to the mystery, the autopsy found no signs of vascular collapse that would normally be present in a person who had bled to death. Incidentally, Cunningham’s superiors suspected that he himself had murdered Lovette, but with no evidence – not least where he had managed to stash the body and then place it where it was found while in the hospital under observation – he was released without charge. 

    One last thing of interest to mention about this case is an apparent report of the incident from Project Grudge – a report named, Report 13. Two people came forward claiming to have been asked to analyze the document for the United States military – researcher, William Cooper, and Captain William English, a former Green Beret – and it is from their recollections of the report in question that most of what we know of the case comes from. 

    Williams claimed to have seen and analyzed the report (an annotated version of it) in the early 1970s, while English claims to have looked at it several years later while assigned to the United States security service based at a Royal Air Force base in Chicksands, England. Both of the men recalled almost identical versions of events, even though both gave their accounts separately and without the knowledge of the other. Another interesting thing to note is that, officially at least, Report 13 no longer exists. All of the other reports in Project Grudge – Reports 1 to 12 and Report 14 – are now in the public domain. Report 13, however, remains missing. Make of that what you will. 

    It is also worth mentioning a similar horrifying encounter that occurred in October 1981 in the small town of Panorama in Brazil. At the time the incident unfolded, strange objects, that the locals called Chupas, were terrifying the entire region and had been for several weeks. These objects were often described as oval or circular (although some described rectangular objects), and, most concerning of all, they would fire beams of light toward the ground, as if attempting to attack residents of the area. And on the evening of October 17th, it seems that’s exactly what happened. 

    On the night in question, two hunters, Ribamar Ferreira and Abel Boro, were hunting in the woods when they noticed a bizarre, glowing object appear overhead, with Ferriera later describing it as looking similar to a “luminous tire of a truck!” He would elaborate that the object was so bright that it appeared to turn “the night into day!” After several moments, the object descended slightly – and its attention was very much on Boro. 

    Within moments, Boro was completely surrounded by some kind of “glittering light” that came from the underside of the object. Ferreira, as scared as he was confused, turned to run back to the village in order to get help. By the time he and several members of Boro’s family returned, however, Boro was dead. Despite there being no wounds or cuts to his body, it was later discovered that Boro’s blood had seemingly been completely drained. His death remains unsolved. 

    Without a doubt, one of the most ominously intriguing incidents to explore here also unfolded in Brazil around a decade and a half earlier, an encounter known as the Lead Masks case. The curious episode occurred in the summer of 1966 just outside of Rio de Janeiro, and was first relayed to the wider world by Jacques Vallee in his book, Confrontations. However, a comprehensive and detailed report appeared several months after the deadly incident, in the March 1967 edition of Flying Saucer Review. In more recent years with the arrival of the Internet interest in the case has only grown and it remains one of the most reinvestigated cases on record. 

    The story begins at a little after 5 pm on the afternoon of August 17th, 1966, in the small town of Niteroi, when a local teenager was wandering through the woods and noticed two men sitting upright in a nearby clearing. He watched the men for several moments before going on his way. The next morning, he went through the same area and noticed the two men once more, still lying in the same position. Once more, he went on his way, but two days later, so intrigued was he that he returned to the same spot. He was a little shocked to see the two men still in the clearing, and still laying on their backs. This time, he decided to take a closer look. By the time he was approaching the clearing the nauseating smell hitting his nostrils told him that the two men were not only dead, but they had likely been so for several days. Even so, he continued to the clearing.

    Both of the men were dressed in suits with what appeared to be brand-new raincoats over the top. Perhaps strangest of all, though, was that both had a crudely made lead mask over their eyes. He took one last look at the grim scene before running back to the village to inform the authorities. It would take the better part of a day for the police to negotiate the rough terrain of the woodland. When they arrived they were as perplexed as they were shocked. Just what had happened to cause the deaths of the two men? As multiple investigations unfolded over the coming weeks, both by the police and private investigators, it became clear that something very strange had unfolded. Was this some kind of experiment, a bizarre ritual gone wrong, or simply outright murder? 

    The two men were eventually identified as 43-year-old Jose Viana and 32-year-old Manuel Pereira da Cruz, both local electricians from the small village of Atafona. From speaking to the local community, both men were well-liked and respected and didn’t appear to have any obvious enemies. Once details of the grim discovery were released to the public, information came to the police – and some of it made the whole case even stranger. Some of the initial findings, however, left the police at a loss as to what had happened. 

    The clearing where the bodies were found, for example, was perfectly serene and undisturbed, with no sign whatsoever of any kind of struggle, right down to the fact that both men were neatly dressed without even a hair out of place. It was, as bizarre as it appeared, as if the men had simply laid on the ground of their own accord and died. Initial autopsies only clouded the picture even more. Both men, it seemed, had died from massive, sudden heart attacks, with their deaths happening within seconds of each other. This was highly improbable – that two otherwise healthy men had suffered sudden heart attacks in the same spot within seconds of each other. Ultimately, something had to have caused the heart attacks. From what the boy who discovered the bodies had told the police, something untoward had taken place between 5 pm on August 17th and 9 am the following morning on August 18th.  

    It would also come to light as authorities spoke to members of the local community that several residents had witnessed a strange glowing orange object seemingly hovering directly over the clearing where the two men were discovered on the evening of August 17th, with some witnesses even reporting that several orange beams of light shot down from the object toward the ground. One of the most intriguing of these reports appeared in the Brazilian national newspaper, Jornal do Brazil. It came from Senhora Gracinda Coutinhjo da Sousa, who claimed that she saw the “unusual object” on the night in question directly over Vintem Hill where the two bodies were discovered. Sousa was described by those who knew her as a very credible witness, with the newspaper reporting that:

    “…she was driving along with three of her children when they saw an orangy color with a band of fire around its edges. The object was sending out rays in all directions and was hanging over the top of the hill. She stopped the car, and with her children watched the object as it rose and fell vertically for some three or four minutes!”  

    Following this initial report of strange objects overhead further reports of similar objects came in from the public which, ultimately, attracted the attention of UFO investigators. And it would soon come to light that there had been another UFO incident several weeks earlier, which we will turn our attention to next. 

    According to an article in Flying Saucer Review, on the evening of June 13th, a “violent explosion” occurred in the two dead men’s village. According to the report, the publication had received regular reports of UFO sightings in the days leading up to this explosion. However, rather suspiciously, the Brazilian newspapers suddenly stopped reporting on the sightings due to authorities wrapping a “cloak of security” around the encounters. This was followed by rumors of some kind of bizarre electrical experiment taking place on the beach involving several local residents, as well as the discovery of some kind of electrical device stored in a nearby garden. Even stranger, several local residents reported seeing a “ball of fire” crossing the sky on the evening in question, as well as fishermen reporting seeing a “flying saucer” crashing into the sea. 

    Interestingly enough two of the people present during this incident in June 1966 were Viana and Cruz. As we will explore a little later, there is good reason to believe that some kind of experiments were taking place in the area – and what’s more, they appeared to be connected to some kind of local “movement” or organization. Before we turn our attention to these potentially connected goings-on, however, we will examine the timeline of events that the police managed to piece together that somehow led to the deaths of the two young men in the forest clearing. 

    At around 9 am on the morning of August 17th, Viana and Cruz left their village on their way to Sao Paulo where they planned to purchase a car as well as the electrical equipment they required for work. With them, they had around $4000 in today’s monetary value. Interestingly enough, despite there being no evidence they had purchased a car or electrical equipment, only a small amount of the money was found on them when their bodies were discovered. Robbery, though, was pretty much ruled out given that neither of the men had any kinds of injuries or even bruises on their bodies. 

    Ultimately, after boarding the bus, the two men arrived in Niteroi. At around 2 pm, they purchased the raincoats both were wearing when they were found (although we should note that the weather reports at the time suggested it was raining and that the raincoats could very well have been an incidental last-minute purchase and not of consequence to the strange events). Following buying the raincoats, according to receipts found on them, the pair went to a local bar where they each purchased a bottle of mineral water. Once more, the fact that the pair had intentionally kept the receipts suggested to investigators that they intended to claim money for returning their empty bottles on their return journey, suggesting to investigators that they were very much intending to return home and that suicide was not in their plans. It was around 3 pm when the two men set off to the woods where their bodies were discovered two days later. It was around 5 pm when the teenager witnessed the two men “sat upright” in the clearing. What happened between then and 9 am the following morning is purely guesswork. 

    There were, though, further discoveries. Perhaps the most intriguing of these was several pieces of paper with instructions on them. One of these notes, for example, read:

    “Sunday, one pill after meal. Monday, one pill after breakfast. Tuesday, one pill after meal. Wednesday, one pill lying down!”

    Another note would state:

    “4:30 pm be at appointed place. 6:30 pm swallow pill. Then protect face with metal and await for signal to show itself!” 

    In another twist, an examination of the notes revealed that it was highly unlikely that either of the two men had written them. They appeared to be instructions for some kind of countdown. Ultimately, who wrote these notes, and why? Furthermore, what did they mean or represent? 

    One line of thought was that the two men were looking to purchase unorthodox materials, possibly illegal ones, which might explain why they were meeting someone in an out-of-the-way place, and why they had taken so much money with them yet appeared to not have purchased anything. Had they been double-crossed somehow? And just what were they trying to purchase, if anything? Could it even be possible that the two men were somehow involved in espionage? And, just how did the UFO sightings fit into all of this? If we recall that one witness claimed to have seen beams of light directed toward where the two men were found – could this have been what caused their sudden cardiac arrests? Or, returning to the speculative links to the intelligence agencies, could their deaths have been made to look like heart attacks and the UFO sightings have been purely coincidental? We will return to this line of thought very shortly. 

    First, though, we will examine another incident that was documented in the UFO magazine Flying Saucer Review and a very similar encounter in 1962. A local television technician and repair man was discovered in much the same position as the two men on Vintem Hill – laying on his back, fully dressed and with an almost identical crudely-made lead mask covering his eyes. As bizarre as this discovery was, it would surely be irresponsible to dismiss the incident as pure coincidence.

    This is perhaps especially the case when we consider that, according to investigations at the time, several electricians in the local area were involved in experiments with “high frequency thought waves” that used LSD in order to “step up the mental alertness” of those involved with them, as well as to “alter the frequency of the brain”. We might recall the notes discovered on Viana and Cruz that featured instructions on when to take pills. 

    If such a group of electricians and fringe scientists did exist, they remain a mystery, as does how they came into existence in the first place. One man, though, Elci Gomes – who knew both Viana and Cruz – informed the police when he was brought in for questioning that the two dead men were members of a “secret society” of “scientific spiritualists” that was made up of “electronic specialists and enthusiasts”. Furthermore, this organization covered the entire region with multiple members. Although he didn’t know the goals or agenda of the group, he did state that they were “devoted to spiritism”. He continued that Viana and Cruz – possibly outside of the organization’s knowledge – were attempting to “communicate with beings from Mars”. What’s more, they had previously “performed many strange electronic experiments”. Even more amazing, Gomes offered that he, along with Viana and Cruz, had built the device discovered in the garden following the June 1966 incident, although he further offered that the object witnessed by members of the local community that evening was very genuine.

    Despite this wealth of information from Gomes, the deaths of Viana and Cruz remain a complete mystery almost half a century later. Had they constructed a device that not only communicated and possibly summoned a UFO in June 1966, but also shot it down into the sea? It is perhaps interesting to recall that authorities placed a reporting ban on the encounters following the incident. Did they know more than they revealed to the public? 

    It is also not clear why these experiments began in the first place, and which individual was the driving force for the apparent organizing of such like-minded people. Perhaps Viana and Cruz were themselves – maybe unbeknown to them – part of some kind of bizarre experiment. Were they perhaps lured to the woodland with the promise of purchasing advanced electronic equipment or materials, possibly by the secret society they were a part of, or possibly by intelligence agents? 

    One last thing to consider with this last possibility in mind is the alleged “heart attack gun” that came to light following the New York Times investigation into some of the secret programs of the CIA, specifically the MK Ultra experiments. This weapon was designed to fire a needle of ice that would, in theory, pierce the heart leaving only the small pinprick of a mark, so small it could go undetected unless the person performing the autopsy knew exactly what they were looking for. Once in the body, the ice would melt unleashing a toxin that would cause a sudden heart attack. Might this have happened here? And if so, was it connected to the experiments to communicate with UFOs? Perhaps the pair had been too successful in their goals. Perhaps these discreet government agents wished to pick up where the pair had left off. For now, all possibilities remain on the table. 

    As we can see, then, there are many more deadly encounters with UFOs and potential aliens than many of us would think. And the cases we have examined here are but a fraction of these deadly cases on record. Indeed, it is highly likely that we will return to these fatal UFO incidents in another article in the near future. While some of these encounters appear to have been tragic accidents while in pursuit of UFOs in the skies, others – such as the Lovette incident and the Lead Masks case – appear to have been much more targeted and purposeful. Indeed, if such cases are accurate, then we perhaps should question whether the secrecy surrounding UFOs is as much for our protection as that of the government. One thing is certain, the more we delve into the UFO and alien mysteries, the cloudier and murkier the waters become. 


    Insane UFO Encounters (Full Documentary) | Top 20 UFO Cases Of ALL TIME

    Top 10 UFO and Alien Encounters That Will Shock You! The Proof Is Out There

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    27-11-2024 om 23:54 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Intuitive Machines moon lander sends home a haunting crater picture ahead of touch down today

    Intuitive Machines moon lander sends home a haunting crater picture ahead of touch down today


    Odysseus landing on the Moon

    Odysseus lunar lander’s first images of the Moon

    Update for 7 pm ET: Touchdown! Intuitive Machines reports that its IM-1 lander Odysseus has landed on the moon and is transmitting a faint, but definite, signal. "Houston, Odysseus has found his new home," mission director Tim Crain said.
    See our full landing story, video and photos.

    a close-up of the lunar surface showing a crater

    The Odysseus lander from Intuitive Machines obtained this picture of the Bel’kovich K crater on Feb. 21, 2024. 
    (Image credit: Intuitive Machines/X)

    Hours ahead of its moon landing, Odysseus snapped a picture of a lunar crater.

    The Intuitive Machines lander beamed home an image of the Bel’kovich K crater, a roughly 31-mile (50-kilometer) divot in the moon's northern equatorial highlands. Mountains in the center were "made when the crater was formed," officials wrote Wednesday (Feb. 21) on X, formerly Twitter.

    Odysseus successfully entered lunar orbit on Wednesday following a crucial engine burn, and is slated to touch down near the moon's south pole on Thursday afternoon (Feb. 22) no earlier than 6:24 p.m. EST (2324 GMT). You can tune in to the landing live here at Space.com, courtesy of NASA, or directly via the space agency. Coverage will begin at 5:00 p.m. EST (2300 GMT).

    Related: 

    1st image of Odysseus on the moon released after historic landing

    If Odysseus makes it, the lander will be the first private machine to successfully soft land on the moon and the first American vehicle overall to do so since the crewed Apollo 17 mission achieved the feat in 1972. You can watch the attempt here at Space.com.

    Intuitive Machines' Odysseus lander beams home a selfie in lunar orbit on Feb. 21, 2024. 
    (Image credit: Intuitive Machines)

    The mission launched on Feb. 15 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, bringing along 12 payloads for lunar investigations. Six of those experiments are from NASA and associated with the agency's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program, or CLPS.

    NASA aims to use CLPS missions for science investigations ahead of the agency's Artemis program, which itself plans to put astronauts back on the moon in the 2020s and eventually establish a permanent base at the lunar south pole. The region is rich in water ice, which is useful for fueling and machinery.

    One CLPS mission has already tried to reach the moon, but it didn't make it. Astrobotic's Peregrine lunar lander launched in January atop the first United Launch Alliance's Vulcan Centaur rocket. Peregrine, however, developed a fuel leak and instead was steered into Earth's atmosphere on Jan. 18.

    Other private missions before Odysseus' IM-1 endeavor did indeed achieve lunar orbit before. Examples include Israel's Beresheet and Tokyo's Hakuto-R landers. Both missions, however, saw their spacecraft crash: Beresheet in April 2019 and Hakuto-R in April 2023.

    • This story was updated at 2:34 p.m. Feb. 22 with the updated landing time.

    New Images of Odysseus On The Moon Have Been Released!

    SpaceX deploys Intuitive Machines lunar lander in amazing view from space

    https://www.space.com/ }

    27-11-2024 om 23:07 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Freek Vonk ontdekt nieuw soort reuzenslang in de Amazone: verschillen zijn genetisch gezien enorm

    Freek Vonk ontdekt nieuw soort reuzenslang in de Amazone: verschillen zijn genetisch gezien enorm

    Jeannette Kras

    Een hoogtepunt in zijn carrière noemt Freek Vonk het. Samen met veertien andere biologen heeft hij in het Amazoneregenwoud een nieuwe reuzenslang ontdekt, de noordelijke groene anaconda genaamd.

    Het maakt eens te meer duidelijk dat we nog lang niet alles weten over de natuur. En dat we er zuinig op moeten zijn. Volgens de wetenschappers uit acht landen wordt het ecosysteem van de pas ontdekte anaconda namelijk ernstig bedreigd.

    De groene anaconda is een indrukwekkend dier. Hij kan meer dan 7 meter lang worden en weegt wel 250 kilo. Een groot vrouwtje kan een omtrek hebben van een meter. Als volwassene pas je er dus makkelijk in. Veel dieren (en ook mensen) zijn dan ook doodsbang voor de slang, die vooral in de regenwouden van Zuid-Amerika voorkomt. De anaconda jaagt op herten, kaaimannen en soms zelfs jaguars.

    Enorme genetische verschillen
    Dat er nu een nieuwe soort is ontdekt van zo’n enorm dier is groot nieuws. Hoogleraar aan de VU en onderzoeker bij Naturalis, Freek Vonk, was de enige Nederlander, die bij de ontdekking betrokken was. Vonk vertelt in het persbericht hoe bijzonder dat is: “Het komt wel vaker voor in de natuur dat twee soorten er voor mensen op ’t oog hetzelfde uitzien, maar toch tot verschillende soorten behoren. Maar dat dit bij de grootste slang ter wereld ook het geval was, dat had ik nooit verwacht!’’

    Zelfs experts kunnen het verschil niet zien tussen de beide anaconda’s. “Toch zijn de verschillen genetisch gezien enorm”, vertelt medeonderzoeker Bryan Fry van de University of Queensland. “Het genetische verschil is 5,5 procent. Ter vergelijking: mensen verschillen maar 2 procent van chimpansees.”

    Moeilijk te vinden
    Tot die spectaculaire ontdekking komen de biologen, nadat ze bloed en weefsel hebben verzameld van anaconda’s in Ecuador, Venezuela en Brazilië. Ook bestudeerden ze de dieren van dichtbij om de schubben te tellen en andere fysieke kenmerken te vinden die duiden op evolutionaire verschillen. Na de genetische data te hebben bestudeerd, vonden ze een duidelijke scheiding tussen de anaconda’s in het noorden en het zuiden van het continent. Daarop besloten ze de slangen die ze in het noorden vonden een nieuwe naam te geven: de noordelijke groene anaconda, oftewel officieel Eunectes akayima. Deze komt vooral in Venezuela, Suriname en Guyana voor. Akayima betekent in de inheemse talen in de regio ‘grote slang’. De zuidelijke groene anaconda blijft E. murinus heten.

    Het is niet makkelijk om anaconda’s van dichtbij te bestuderen. Ze zijn niet alleen gigantisch en levensgevaarlijk, maar ze verstoppen zich ook het grootste deel van de tijd in moerassen en modderige poelen.

    Leefgebied onder druk
    De vondst is bijzonder nuttig voor het behoud van de soort, legt Vonk uit. Nu kunnen de onderzoekers per anaconda bekijken wat nodig is om te overleven. Erg belangrijk in een tijd waarin het slecht gaat met de regenwouden van Zuid-Amerika. Door klimaatverandering en ontbossing staat het leefgebied van de anaconda zwaar onder druk. “Dit is een belangrijke ontdekking, omdat de nieuw beschreven noordelijke groene anaconda een veel kleiner leefgebied heeft dan de zuidelijke variant en dus veel kwetsbaarder is”, aldus Fry.

    En niet alleen het leefgebied van de anaconda wordt bedreigd, benadrukt Vonk. “De ontdekking van deze nieuwe soort anaconda is natuurlijk heel erg opwindend, maar tegelijkertijd is het van essentieel belang om te onderstrepen hoe belangrijk het is dat niet alleen bedreigde dieren maar ook het bedreigde Amazonewoud verder wordt onderzocht, en natuurlijk ook zoveel mogelijk wordt beschermd.”

    Sleutel en slot
    De studie roept ondertussen veel vragen op. Hoe zijn de noordelijke en zuidelijke groene anaconda bijvoorbeeld op verschillende evolutionaire sporen beland? De twee soorten leefden immers in Frans Guyana nog samen. Ze zijn zelfs aan twee kanten van dezelfde rivier gespot, zegt Fry. En toch is er in hun genen geen bewijs gevonden dat ze met elkaar paarden. Daarom wil de onderzoeker kijken of de genitaliën van de slangen verschillen, omdat veel slangensoorten als een sleutel en een slot in elkaar passen. Als twee soorten niet langer in elkaar passen, is het logischer dat ze evolutionair uit elkaar gaan lopen. “Voor elke vraag die we beantwoorden, komen er zeven interessantere bij”, besluit Fry.

    Bronmateriaal


    In Search of the Giant Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus): Video

    Unveiling a Giant: The New Northern Green Anaconda!

    https://scientias.nl/ }

    27-11-2024 om 22:39 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:Diversen (Eng, NL en Fr)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Spannende waarnemingen in ons eigen zonnestelsel: Kuipergordel reikt mogelijk miljarden kilometers verder dan gedacht

    Spannende waarnemingen in ons eigen zonnestelsel: Kuipergordel reikt mogelijk miljarden kilometers verder dan gedach

    Wetenschappers hebben ontdekt dat de Kuipergordel mogelijk bijna twee keer zo groot is als eerder werd gedacht. Niet alleen dat: het zou zelfs zo kunnen zijn dat er sprake is van een tweede gordel.

    De ruimtesonde New Horizons heeft weer een nieuwe ontdekking gedaan: het zou zomaar kunnen zijn dat de Kuipergordel miljarden kilometers verder reikt dan de huidige modellen voorspellen. De ruimtesonde is inmiddels aangekomen op een afstand van 60 AU, wat betekent dat deze zestig keer verder verwijderd is van de zon dan onze eigen planeet: AU staat voor Astronomical Unit en is gelijk aan de afstand tussen de zon en de aarde, wat ongeveer 150 miljoen kilometer is. Op de huidige afstand van 9 miljard kilometer vanaf de zon vangt New Horizons een hoop meer stof is dan de bedoeling is, wat mogelijk betekent dat de Kuipergordel een stuk verder reikt dan eerder werd gedacht. Wetenschapper Alex Doner heeft meegewerkt aan het onderzoek. Hij laat weten: “New Horizons is momenteel bezig met de eerste directe metingen van interplanetair stof – ver voorbij Neptunus en Pluto. Op deze afstand kan elke kleine observatie leiden tot een grote ontdekking. Het idee dat we wellicht een verlenging hebben ontdekt van de Kuipergordel is een stap vooruit in het ontrafelen van de mysteries van het zonnestelsel.” Het onderzoek is gepubliceerd in het blad Astrophysical Journal Letters.

    De Kuipergordel
    Als je vanaf de zon door ons zonnestelsel reist, kom je eerst de planeet Mercurius tegen. Vervolgens Venus, de aarde, Mars, Jupiter, Saturnus, Uranus en Neptunus. Tussen Mars en Jupiter bevindt zich dan ook nog de planetoïdengordel: een gebied met een grote hoeveelheid planetoïden. En voorbij Neptunus bevindt zich dan de Kuipergordel, bestaande uit miljarden komeetachtige – uit steen en ijs bestaande – objecten. Sommige van die objecten zijn groot – zoals Eris en Pluto – andere zijn juist aanzienlijk kleiner.

    Ruimtestof
    De wetenschappers hebben de ontdekking kunnen doen omdat New Horizons zich momenteel dus door de Kuipergordel beweegt en hierbij stof tegenkomt. Dit stof wordt vervolgens gedetecteerd, waardoor er uiteindelijk een dichtheid bepaald kan worden. Die dichtheid is momenteel een stuk hoger dan deze zou moeten zijn. De verwachting is namelijk dat de buitenste ring van de Kuipergordel een lagere stofdichtheid heeft dan de regionen binnenin. Aangezien New Horizons vooralsnog geen lagere dichtheden heeft gemeten is het dan ook waarschijnlijk dat deze de buitenkant van de Kuipergordel nog niet heeft bereikt. Mede-wetenschapper Alan Stern licht toe: “Deze nieuwe bevindingen betekenen dat New Horizons waarschijnlijk het eerste ruimtevaartuig is dat een nieuwe verzameling hemellichamen heeft ontdekt. Ik ben dan ook erg nieuwsgierig om te zien tot hoever de hoge stofdichtheid zal reiken.”

    IJsdeeltjes
    De metingen van New Horizons komen op het perfecte moment. Zo hebben wetenschappers van het New Horizons-team met behulp van observatoria zoals de Subaru Telescope in Hawaii eerder een aantal objecten gevonden die ver buiten het gebied liggen dat traditioneel gezien als de Kuipergordel wordt aangemerkt. En New Horizons lijkt nu dus ook ter plekke te bevestigen dat de buitengrens van de Kuipergordel op grotere afstand ligt dan gedacht. Zo werd eerst gedacht dat deze grens zich rond een afstand van 50 AU bevond, terwijl nu wordt gedacht aan een afstand van 80 AU. Concreet betekent dit een verlenging van 4,5 miljard kilometer. Het team van Doner is naarstig op zoek naar een mogelijke verklaring. Zo stelt Doner: “Het zou goed kunnen zijn dat New Horizons nu kleine ijsdeeltjes detecteert die niet dichter bij de zon kunnen komen. Een ander verklaring zou kunnen zijn dat kleine stofdeeltjes van de Kuipergordel door stralingsdruk een stuk verder worden geduwd dan voorheen werd gedacht. Dit laatste idee is niet heel waarschijnlijk, maar het zou kunnen.”

    Het is ongetwijfeld niet de laatste keer dat New Horizons vanuit de buitenste regionen van ons zonnestelsel van zich laat horen; vooralsnog heeft de ruimtesonde nog meer dan genoeg brandstof. De verwachting is namelijk dat de ruimtesonde tot aan 2050 kan blijven werken, waarbij deze een afstand zal overbruggen van meer dan 100 AU. Het is trouwens ook niet de eerste keer dat New Horizons een opzienbarende ontdekking doet. Zo heeft de ruimtesonde in het verleden foto’s gemaakt van Pluto en is deze zeer dicht in de buurt gekomen van Arrakoth. Wil je meer weten over New Horizons? Kijk dan eens hier.

    Bronmateriaal
    VIDEOS

    The Year of Pluto - New Horizons Documentary Brings Humanity Closer to the Edge of the Solar System

    What is The Kuiper Belt: Objects At The Edge Of The Solar System

    Kuiper Belt: Realm of the Dwarf Planets

    https://scientias.nl/ }

    27-11-2024 om 22:09 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Recently-Discovered Active Asteroid is in Fact Main-Belt Comet, Astronomers Say

    Recently-Discovered Active Asteroid is in Fact Main-Belt Comet, Astronomers Say

    456P/PANSTARRS, an active, main-belt asteroid first spotted in 2021, is recurrently active, and activity is likely driven by the sublimation of volatile ice, according to new observations from the Magellan-Baade telescope and the Lowell Discovery Telescope.

    Images of 456P/PANSTARRS taken with the Magellan-Baade telescope in Chile on October 3, 2024, and the Lowell Discovery Telescope in Arizona on October 26, 2024, where the head, or nucleus, of the comet is at the center of each image, and the tail extends to the right. Image credit: Scott S. Sheppard / Carnegie Institution for Science / Audrey Thirouin, Lowell Observatory / Henry H. Hsieh, Planetary Science Institute.

    Images of 456P/PANSTARRS taken with the Magellan-Baade telescope in Chile on October 3, 2024, and the Lowell Discovery Telescope in Arizona on October 26, 2024, where the head, or nucleus, of the comet is at the center of each image, and the tail extends to the right.

    Image credit: Scott S. Sheppard / Carnegie Institution for Science / Audrey Thirouin, Lowell Observatory / Henry H. Hsieh, Planetary Science Institute.

    “Main-belt comets are icy objects found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter — rather than the cold outer Solar System where icy bodies are typically expected,” said Planetary Science Institute senior scientist Henry Hsieh and colleagues.

    “They sport comet-like features, like tails extending away from the Sun or fuzzy clouds as the Sun’s heat vaporizes their ice.”

    These objects were first discovered in 2006 at the University of Hawaii by Dr. Hsieh and his then-doctoral advisor, Professor David Jewitt.

    “Main-belt comets belong to a larger group of solar system objects known as active asteroids, which look like comets, but have asteroid-like orbits in the warm inner Solar System,” the astronomers said.

    “This larger group includes objects whose clouds and tails are made of ejected dust produced after an impact or as they quickly rotate, rather than just those that eject dust due to vaporized ice.”

    “Both main-belt comets and active asteroids in general are still relatively rare, but scientists are discovering them at a growing clip.”

    456P/PANSTARRS was discovered as P/2021 L4 (PANSTARRS) from observations on June 9 and 14, 2021, by Pan-STARRS1, and Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope observations on June 14, 2021.

    Dr. Hsieh and co-authors observed the object twice using the Magellan Baade Telescope and Lowell Discovery Telescope in October 2024 to establish its status as a main-belt comet.

    “This object is not just an asteroid that experienced a one-off event that caused it to show activity one time, but is an inherently active, icy body similar to other comets from the outer Solar System,” Dr. Hsieh said.

    If 456P/PANSTARRS’s activity were due to something other than ice vaporization, then its tail would be expected to appear only once randomly, and not repeatedly appear when it was close to the Sun.

    An icy object, on the other hand, heats up every time it approaches the Sun, and the vaporized ice drags dust out along with it.

    When the object moves farther from the Sun and cools, the activity stops.

    Observations of repeated dust ejection activity during close approaches to the Sun are currently considered the best and most reliable way to identify main-belt comets.

    “There are still very few confirmed main-belt comets known,” Dr. Hsieh said.

    “We want to build up the population so we can get a clearer idea of what their broader properties are — such as their sizes, activity duration and distribution within the asteroid belt, for example — so that they can be better used to trace ice in the Solar System in general.”

    • The findings were published in the Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society.
    • Henry H. Hsieh et al. 2024. Confirmation of Recurrent Activity of Main-Belt Comet 456P/PANSTARRS (P/2021 L4). Res. Notes AAS 8, 283; doi: 10.3847/2515-5172/ad90a6
    • This article is a version of a press-release provided by the Planetary Science Institute.

    https://www.sci.news/ }

    27-11-2024 om 21:50 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Asteroid Samples Returned to Earth Were Immediately Colonized by Bacteria
    Electron microscope images of sample A0180, showing the presence of life.
    Credit: Genge, et al

    Asteroid Samples Returned to Earth Were Immediately Colonized by Bacteria

    We’ve known for a while that complex chemistry occurs in space. Organic molecules have been detected in cold molecular clouds, and we have even found sugars and amino acids, the so-called “building blocks of life,” within several asteroids. The raw ingredients of terrestrial life are common in the Universe, and meteorites and comets may have even seeded Earth with those ingredients. This idea isn’t controversial. But there is a more radical idea that Earth was seeded not just with the building blocks of life but life itself. It’s known as panspermia, and a recent study has brought the idea back to popular science headlines. But the study is more subtle and interesting than some headlines suggest.

    Panspermia became popular in the 1800s and 1900s when it became clear that life arose surprisingly early on Earth. On a geologic scale, cellular life appears almost as soon as Earth cooled enough to support it. Given the complexity of DNA and living cells, how could such a thing have evolved so quickly? In the panspermia model, life evolved either in space or on some distant world, and was carried to Earth within asteroids or comets. We know that some living things can survive the harsh vacuum of space, so perhaps we have some alien, extraterrestrial origin.

    But there are reasons to be skeptical. For one, the transition from organic to biological chemistry may be remarkably adaptive. While life appears to have appeared suddenly on Earth, that may be precisely what you’d expect. Without an example of extraterrestrial life, we simply don’t know. And while life can survive in space for a limited time, it’s not likely to survive for the millions of years it would take for an asteroid to traverse the solar system, much less the billions of years it would take to travel between star systems. Still, one step toward proving panspermia would be to gather material from an asteroid and find out it has life, and that’s exactly what this latest study found.

    The Hayabusa2 mission, launched in 2014, landed on a small asteroid named Ryugu in 2018 and returned a sample of material to Earth in 2020. The sample was kept sterile the whole time, hermetically sealed for the journey back, and only opened in a pure nitrogen clean room using sterilized equipment. The sample was as clean and uncontaminated as we could get. When the team prepared a sample and looked at it under an electron microscope, they found rods and filaments of organic matter consistent with microbial life. In other words, the team found life on an asteroid.

    Except they likely didn’t.

    The size distribution is consistent with terrestrial life.
    Credit: Genge, et al

    One thing to keep in mind is that microbial life is incredibly robust. It exists everywhere and spreads rapidly. You can find the stuff in the cores of nuclear power plants, in hot thermal vents, and in the cleanest clean room. And even if you sterilize something, microbial life will find a way. When the team found life on their sample, the first thing they did was to look for evidence of contamination, and there was plenty of evidence to be found. To begin with, the size distribution of the organic rods and filaments found in the sample is consistent with those commonly deposited by terrestrial life. Their data also found evidence of a growth and decline period of about five days, which is also consistent with Earth life. If the Ryugu samples had truly evolved beyond Earth, they would be genetically separated from us by millions or billions of years. Their size and growth rate wouldn’t match those of our common microbes. So the best explanation is that the sample became contaminated despite our best efforts.

    While the study doesn’t support the panspermia model, it does tell us two important things. The first is that our sterilization procedures are likely inadequate. We may have already spread life to the Moon and Mars inadvertently. The second is that asteroids have organic materials that could sustain terrestrial life. That’s good news if we want to establish ourselves elsewhere in the solar system. Earth life may not have begun in space, but it could very well end up there.


    Water and Carbon Revealed in NASA's Ancient Asteroid Samples

    Reference: 

    https://www.universetoday.com/ }

    27-11-2024 om 20:56 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.OKEANOS – A Mission That Would Have Retrurned Samples From the Trojan Asteroids

    OKEANOS – A Mission That Would Have Retrurned Samples From the Trojan Asteroids

    Getting a mission to the point of officially being accepted for launch is an ordeal. However, even when they aren’t selected for implementation, their ideas, and in some cases, their technologies, can live on in other missions. That was the case for the Oversize Kite-craft for Exploration and AstroNautics in the Outer Solar system (OKEANOS) project, originally planned as a Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) mission. Despite not receiving funding to complete its entire mission, the project team released a paper that details the original plan for the mission, and some of those plans were incorporated into other missions that are still under development.

    OKEANOS sought to build on JAXA’s success in returning samples from asteroids to Earth. Its most well-known mission in that regard was Hayabusa-2, which returned samples from the asteroid Ryugu in 2020 and has been the subject of dozens of scientific papers since. Ryugu is a near-earth asteroid, which means its origins in the solar system are dramatically different from those of other asteroids farther out from the Sun, which is where OKEANOS came in.

    The original plan for OKEANOS was to launch a sample return mission to one of the Jupiter Trojan asteroids that sit in the Lagrange points in front of and behind Juptier and its orbital path. Scientists believe these asteroids originated outside of Neptune’s orbit in the Kuiper belt but were brought closer to the Sun due to gravitational fluctuations caused by the migration of the gas giant planets. Since they would hold clues to the early solar system, astronomers are interested in their composition, and some space exploration enthusiasts are interested in the materials they hold for in-situ resource utilization purposes. But so far, no missions have visited them yet.

    A solar panel, like the one shown in the video, would have been a key component of the OKEANOS missions.
    Credit – The Japan Times YouTube Channel

    That is about to change, though, with Lucy, a NASA mission that launched in 2021 to visit them. However, Lucy will simply do remote observations and lacks the equipment to sample them directly, let alone return a sample back to Earth. The project team had hoped OKEANOS would do just that.

    Several novel technologies would be used to enable OKEANOS’ scientific objectives. One of the most interesting was a combination solar sail and ion drive known as a solar power sail. A solar power sail combines the solar pushing power of a solar sail with flexible photovoltaic solar collectors that can collect a significant amount of energy while deployed in a sail-like configuration. JAXA has also successfully tested a similar system with its IKAROS mission, demonstrating the technology in 2010.

    Since solar sails have tiny thrust out near Jupiter, OKEANOS relies entirely on an ion engine and simply deploys its “sails” to deploy the solar panels that collect energy to power the ion drive. But once it reached its destination, it would utilize its second interesting technology—a lander.

    Fraser talks about Lucy, the first mission to explore the Trojan asteroids.

    The two main asteroid sample return missions – OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa-2 – directly touched down on the surface of their respective asteroids. However, there have been deployed landers that have at least attempted to land on an asteroid before – Philae, the lander that accompanied ESA’s Rosetta mission, is probably the most famous. But never before has a mission attempted to land a lander, collect a sample, and return it to a “mothership” that would then transport that sample back to Earth. Doing so out at the Trojan asteroids would add a new difficulty level of having significant communications lag time, making it difficult to troubleshoot any problems with the mission.

    Given JAXA’s track record, it seemed likely that they could pull off that technical challenge. However, the mission was never fully funded due to a “cost issue,” according to the paper. JAXA selected a project known as LiteBIRD to study the cosmic microwave background as its large-class mission for this decade instead. Despite that, the technical details of some of the instrumentation have been described in other papers, and the project team feels confident that future asteroid sample return missions will adopt at least some of them. We’ll be sure to see more of those in the future as interest grows in understanding the roots of our solar system and how we might utilize the readily available resources on asteroids.

    Learn More:

    Lead Image:

    • Concept images of the OKEANOS mission.
    • Credit – Takao et al.

    https://www.universetoday.com/ }

    27-11-2024 om 20:46 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART


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        op UFO'S FORM CROP CIRCLE IN LESS THAN 5 SECONDS - SCOTLAND 1996
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        op UFO'S FORM CROP CIRCLE IN LESS THAN 5 SECONDS - SCOTLAND 1996
  • Een zonnige vrijdag middag en avond (Patricia)
        op MUFON UFO Symposium with Greg Meholic: Advanced Propulsion For Interstellar Travel
  • Dropbox

    Druk op onderstaande knop om je bestand , jouw artikel naar mij te verzenden. INDIEN HET DE MOEITE WAARD IS, PLAATS IK HET OP DE BLOG ONDER DIVERSEN MET JOUW NAAM...


    Gastenboek
  • Nog een fijne avond
  • Hallo Lieverd
  • kiekeboe
  • Een goeie middag bezoekje
  • Zomaar een blogbezoekje

    Druk op onderstaande knop om een berichtje achter te laten in mijn gastenboek Alvast bedankt voor al jouw bezoekjes en jouw reacties. Nog een prettige dag verder!!!


    Over mijzelf
    Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
    Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
    Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
    Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
    Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën... Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
    Zoeken in blog


    LINKS NAAR BEKENDE UFO-VERENIGINGEN - DEEL 1
  • http://www.ufonieuws.nl/
  • http://www.grenswetenschap.nl/
  • http://www.beamsinvestigations.org.uk/
  • http://www.mufon.com/
  • http://www.ufomeldpunt.be/
  • http://www.ufowijzer.nl/
  • http://www.ufoplaza.nl/
  • http://www.ufowereld.nl/
  • http://www.stantonfriedman.com/
  • http://ufo.start.be/

    LINKS NAAR BEKENDE UFO-VERENIGINGEN - DEEL 2
  • www.ufo.be
  • www.caelestia.be
  • ufo.startpagina.nl.
  • www.wszechocean.blogspot.com.
  • AsocCivil Unifa
  • UFO DISCLOSURE PROJECT

  • Startpagina !


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