Unexpected discovery on Saturn's moon challenges view on chemistry before life emerged

Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden and the US space agency NASA have made an unexpected discovery that challenges one of the basic rules of chemistry and provides new knowledge about Saturn's enigmatic moon Titan

In its extremely cold environment, normally incompatible substances can still be mixed. This discovery broadens our understanding of chemistry before the emergence of life.

Scientists have long been interested in Saturn's largest, orange-colored moon as its evolution can teach us more about our own planet and the earliest chemical steps towards life. Titan's cold environment, and its thick nitrogen and methane-filled atmosphere, has many similarities to the conditions thought to have existed on the young Earth billions of years ago. By studying Titan, researchers therefore hope to find clues about the origin of life.

Martin Rahm, Associate Professor at the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Chalmers, has been working for a long time to understand more about what is happening on Titan. He now hopes that the research group's surprising discovery, that certain polar and nonpolar substances can combine, will inform future studies of Titan.

"These are very exciting findings that can help us understand something on a very large scale, a moon as big as the planet Mercury," he says.

New insights into the building blocks of life in extreme environments

The researchers' paper, which has been published in PNAS, shows that methane, ethane and hydrogen cyanide—which exist in large quantities in the atmosphere and on the surface of Titan—can interact in a manner that was not previously considered possible.

That hydrogen cyanide, an exceptionally polar molecule, can form crystals with completely nonpolar substances such as methane and ethane is surprising because such substances normally remain strictly separate, much like oil and water.

"The discovery of the unexpected interaction between these substances could affect how we understand Titan's geology and its strange landscapes of lakes, seas and sand dunes," says Martin Rahm, who led the study.

"In addition, hydrogen cyanide is likely to play an important role in the abiotic creation of several of life's building blocks, for example, amino acids, which are used for the construction of proteins, and nucleobases, which are needed for the genetic code. So our work also contributes insights into chemistry before the emergence of life, and how it might proceed in extreme, inhospitable environments."

An unanswered question led to NASA collaboration

The background to the Chalmers study is an unanswered question about Titan: What happens to hydrogen cyanide after it is created in Titan's atmosphere? Are there meters of it deposited on the surface or has it interacted or reacted with its surroundings in some way?

To seek the answer, a group at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California began conducting experiments in which they mixed hydrogen cyanide with methane and ethane at temperatures as low as 90 Kelvin (about -180 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, hydrogen cyanide is a crystal, and methane and ethane are liquids.

When they studied such mixtures using laser spectroscopy, a method for examining materials and molecules at the atomic level, they found that the molecules were intact, but that something had still happened. To understand what, they contacted Martin Rahm's research group at Chalmers, which had conducted extensive research into hydrogen cyanide.

"This led to an exciting theoretical and experimental collaboration between Chalmers and NASA. The question we asked ourselves was a bit crazy: Can the measurements be explained by a crystal structure in which methane or ethane is mixed with hydrogen cyanide? This contradicts a rule in chemistry, 'like dissolves like," which basically means that it should not be possible to combine these polar and nonpolar substances," says Rahm.

Expanding the boundaries of chemistry

The Chalmers researchers used large scale computer simulations to test thousands of different ways of organizing the molecules in the solid state, in search of answers.

In their analysis, they found that hydrocarbons had penetrated the crystal lattice of hydrogen cyanide and formed stable new structures known as co-crystals.

"This can happen at very low temperatures, like those on Titan. Our calculations predicted not only that the unexpected mixtures are stable under Titan's conditions, but also spectra of light that coincide well with NASA's measurements," he says.

The discovery challenges one of the best-known rules of chemistry, but Martin Rahm does not think it is time to rewrite the chemistry books.

"I see it as a nice example of when boundaries are moved in chemistry and a universally accepted rule does not always apply," he says.

In 2034, NASA's space probe Dragonfly is expected to reach Titan, with the aim of investigating what is on its surface. Until then, Martin Rahm and his colleagues plan to continue exploring hydrogen cyanide chemistry, partly in collaboration with NASA.

"Hydrogen cyanide is found in many places in the universe, for example in large dust clouds, in planetary atmospheres and in comets. The findings of our study may help us understand what happens in other cold environments in space. And we may be able to find out if other nonpolar molecules can also enter the hydrogen cyanide crystals and, if so, what this might mean for the chemistry preceding the emergence of life," he says.

In 2028, the US space agency NASA plans to launch the Dragonfly space probe, which is expected to reach Titan in 2034. The aim is to study prebiotic chemistry, the chemistry that precedes life, and to look for signs of life.

• More information: Fernando Izquierdo-Ruiz et al, Hydrogen cyanide and hydrocarbons mix on Titan, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2025). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2507522122
• Provided by Chalmers University of Technology
• This story was originally published on Phys.org.

{ phys.org }

17-10-2025 om 14:25 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious dark matter is seen for the first time: Eerie image shows elusive substance that makes up 25% of the universe - and baffles scientists

• READ MORE: Scientists capture an image of two black holes circling each other

By WILIAM HUNTER, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY REPORTER

Despite making up more than a quarter of the universe, dark matter has remained stubbornly hidden from scientists' telescopes for decades.

But researchers from Johns Hopkins University now believe they have found the evidence they have been searching for.

While the elusive substance doesn't give off any energy of its own, when dark matter particles collide, they produce a burst of gamma–ray radiation.

For this reason, researchers believe the mysterious gamma–ray glow coming from inside our very own galaxy could reveal exactly where dark matter is hiding.

If they are right, this could be the first concrete proof that dark matter really exists.

'Dark matter dominates the universe and holds galaxies together,' said Professor Joseph Silk, co–author of the study.

'It's extremely consequential and we're desperately thinking all the time of ideas as to how we could detect it.

'Gamma rays, and specifically the excess light we're observing at the centre of our galaxy, could be our first clue.'

Scientists say that a glow of gamma ray radiation from the Milky Way could be evidence that dark matter exists. In a new paper, researchers argue that this glow is produced by colliding particles of dark matter 

Dark matter is an elusive type of particle that makes up a large part of the extra mass that is 'missing' from most galaxies.

Although scientists can see the gravitational effects this hidden mass creates, dark matter doesn't give off any energy of its own that our telescopes can detect.

Since 2008, NASA's Fermi satellite has been slowly piecing together a picture of the Milky Way using gamma rays.

When scientists looked at this gamma ray picture of the galaxy, they noticed something extremely unusual.

The centre of the Milky Way seemed to be filled with a diffuse glow of gamma radiation that didn't appear to come from any specific source.

To explain this, scientists put forward two competing explanations. 

Either the glow was caused by the spinning cores of dying stars – or it was was caused by colliding dark matter.

However, figuring out which of these explanations is the most likely has proved tricky.

Researchers believe the mysterious gamma–ray glow coming from inside our very own galaxy could reveal exactly where dark matter is hiding

What is dark matter?

Dark matter outweighs visible matter roughly six to one, making up about 27 per cent of the universe. 

Unlike normal matter, dark matter does not interact with the electromagnetic force. 

This means it does not absorb, reflect or emit light, making it extremely hard to spot.

In fact, researchers have been able to infer the existence of dark matter only from the gravitational effect it seems to have on visible matter. 

Source: CERN 

In their study, published in the journal Physical Review Letters, the researchers used supercomputers to create a map of where dark matter should be in the galaxy.

What made their approach different was that they took into account how the Milky Way came into existence.

'Our galaxy formed out of a vast cloud of dark matter,' explains Professor Silk.

'The ordinary matter cooled down and fell into the central regions, dragging along some dark matter for the ride.'

Over billions of years, the dark matter from these other systems gravitated to the dense galactic core, and the number of collisions increased. 

When Professor Silk took these simulations and compared them to real pictures of the galaxy taken by Fermi, he found that their predictions were a match.

Although this isn't yet a 'smoking gun' for the existence of dark matter, it raises the tantalising possibility that the gamma ray glow really is coming from dark matter.

Speaking to the Daily Mail, Professor Silk said: 'Our key new result is that dark matter fits the gamma ray data at least as well as the rival neutron star hypothesis. 

In a new paper, scientists simulated where they thought dark matter should be in the galaxy (illustrated), and worked out what the pattern of gamma rays should look like. When they compared this to the actually distribution of gamma rays they found that the predictions matched 

We have increased the odds that dark matter has been indirectly detected.'

It is still possible that the gamma ray glow is being produced by spinning neutron stars.

Read More

• Scientists reveal the terrifyingly high odds a black hole will EXPLODE in the next 10 years 

Professor Silk says his 'great hope' is that the soon–to–be–constructed Cerenkov Telescope Array in Chile will be able to settle the debate once and for all.

This will be the world's most powerful gamma ray telescope, and should have the sensitivity to detect the tiny differences between gamma rays produced by dark matter and radiation from spinning neutron stars.

Alternatively, the telescope could scan nearby dwarf galaxies, which should be made mostly of dark matter.

'Detecting the same signal Fermi found for the galactic centre would confirm the dark matter hypothesis,' says Professor Silk.

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16-10-2025 om 23:33 geschreven door peter  

US Congressmen Claim Bible Has ‘Pretty Clear’ Evidence of UFOs: Vatican Knows Aliens Are Here

The Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) is not what many think it is. The reality of UAPs goes beyond mere flying machines and space aliens; it is turning into a rabbit hole. Every year, UFO enthusiasts and whistleblowers put more effort into unveiling the secrecy. However, instead of revealing the truth, a new branch of mystery unfolds, adding another chapter to the UFO enigma.

Missouri Republican Eric Burlison attended a classified UAP briefing this month but mentioned that it did not change his beliefs. He said, “There’s nothing that’s been said that’s changed my worldview.” He also added that he believes the claims of people who testified in public but thinks there might be more to the story.

Rep. Burlison has said that UFOs might be angels sent by God. Burlison, who heard secret information about UFOs, shared this idea on “That UFO Podcast.” He said, “They may not fit exactly the Biblical narrative, but whenever I use the term ‘angels,’ to me, it’s synonymous with an extradimensional being.”

In a podcast, Burlison shared his thoughts on UFOs, offering a detailed perspective on various theories surrounding these unidentified phenomena. Burlison discussed a theory he read in a public report by UFO whistleblower David Grusch who alleged that the government secretly recovered alien spacecraft and even dead “pilots” inside them. According to Grusch’s report, one theory suggests that what we are encountering might be beings that exist in higher dimensions, beyond our normal understanding of space and time.

Burlison used the analogy of living on a two-dimensional surface and being encountered by a three-dimensional object to explain the idea of encountering something from a higher dimension. In this case, he suggested that we live in a three-dimensional environment and could be encountering something from a higher dimension, where traditional concepts of distance might become irrelevant.

He expressed skepticism about the probability of being visited by an alien race from a distant planet, emphasizing the vast distances involved. Burlison questioned the likelihood of an advanced alien race traveling such long distances only to crash upon arrival on Earth. He leaned towards the idea that these phenomena are more likely to be extradimensional, existing beyond our usual understanding of dimensions.

Burlison explained that various scriptures, including the Bible, describe messengers of God or angels as existing in dimensions beyond our own. While acknowledging the visual evidence and testimony from pilots regarding UFO sightings, Burlison emphasized the most likely explanation, in his opinion:

“I don’t discount the visual recordings or the testimonies from pilots – I believe they are genuinely witnessing something. There is substantial evidence of these unidentified objects, and although we don’t know what they are, I think the most probable explanation might not be what everyone hopes to hear. It could very well be advanced technology under development and research, possibly involving new propulsion technology.

When discussing this topic, I often refer to the discovery of the Higgs boson particle about ten years ago. We identified the Higgs field, which essentially relates to gravity, and the particle is a wave function within that field. Looking back, shortly after the discovery of nuclear vision, scientists developed the nuclear bomb. This illustrates how scientific theories can be transformed into practical functions. I find it hard to believe that we haven’t capitalized on our knowledge of the Higgs field. It seems likely that our private sector industry and the scientific community have been working to find ways to manipulate the Higgs field for various purposes, potentially including advancements in propulsion technology.”

Burlison is not the only one suggesting a link between UFOs and religious texts. Representative Tim Burchett claimed in 2021 that UFOs were in the Bible, referring to the book of Ezekiel.

According to Mystery Wire, Rep. Burchett talked about UFOs being written about in the Bible, pointing specifically to Ezekiel. This reference is for Ezekiel 1:4-28, in which there is a description of seeing “an immense cloud with flashing lightning and surrounded by brilliant light. The center of the fire looked like glowing metal, and in the fire was what looked like four living creatures. In appearance their form was human, but each of them had four faces and four wings.”

“When the living creatures moved, the wheels beside them moved; and when the living creatures rose from the ground, the wheels also rose. Wherever the spirit would go, they would go, and the wheels would rise along with them, because the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels.” [Ezekiel 1:4-28, Ezekiel 10]

While Grusch has publicly discussed theories on UAPs that might originate from the higher-order dimensions theorized by physicists, those concepts do not appear in the unclassified version of his complaint.

The ‘extradimensional or interdimensional‘ hypothesis also does not appear in what has been made public from Grusch’s written statements first submitted for approval to the Pentagon’s Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review (DOPSR).

But Grusch did talk about this theory when he was under oath, answering questions from Rep. Burlison during a public UAP hearing in July 2023.

Rep. Burlison said at the hearing, “It’s a bit hard to believe that an alien species advanced enough to travel billions of light years would come here and somehow not be able to survive.” He then asked Grusch about the “interdimensional potential,” saying, “Could you explain that?”

Grusch said, “No matter how smart you are, accidents happen, like plane crashes and car crashes. A small percentage of missions may fail, as we say in the Air Force.” Talking about multidimensionality, Grusch mentioned the holographic principle. It comes from general relativity and quantum mechanics. He explained it as imagining a 3D object casting a shadow onto a 2D surface.

He said, “You can be projected, sort of projected, from higher dimensional space to lower dimensional space… It’s a scientific idea that you can actually cross dimensions, as far as I understand. But there are probably people with PhDs who could argue about that.”

There has been some speculation about UFOs being connected to religious visits or interdimensional beings since the early 20th century. This idea became more famous with the book “Passport to Magonia: from Folklore to Flying Saucers” by Jacques Vallée in 1969. Vallée later inspired a character in Steven Spielberg’s UFO movie “Close Encounters of the Third Kind.” He spent years studying ancient texts for his book.

Vallée states that UFOs and related events of a paranormal nature involve visitations from other “realities” or “dimensions.” The idea proposes that these alternate realities exist separately yet parallel to our own. In 1975’s The Edge of Reality, Vallée and Hynek considered the possibility of what they call “interlocking universes.”

Read also:

• Ex-US Marine Saw Massive UFO Being Loaded With Weapons By Secret Military In Indonesia Jungle
• Aerospace Billionaire Claims UAPs & Consciousness Are Linked; G-LOC Makes Human Soul Enter Another Dimension

Daniel Sheehan, a public interest lawyer and activist who was a former Chief Council for the United States Jesuit order, revealed intriguing details about his conversations with the head of the Vatican archives regarding the Vatican’s knowledge of extraterrestrial life. He shed light on his involvement in a groundbreaking initiative to address the theological and philosophical implications of the discovery of extraterrestrial intelligence. (Click here to read the full article)

He proposed the formation of a task force involving all 54 major religious denominations to address the issue from a theological perspective. However, at that time, there was insufficient consensus, and the proposal was declined. Sheehan is currently working through his New Paradigm Institute to organize a global summit conference involving world religious leaders to discuss the recent recovery of an extraterrestrial spacecraft.

“The United States government is in possession of biological evidence and has actually taken into custody alive an extraterrestrial person. They’re keeping this secret, interrogating the being, and distorting the information to justify massive expenditures on weapon development under the guise of a perceived threat.” – Daniel Sheehan

Sheehan highlighted the Vatican’s acknowledgment of the possibility of extraterrestrial life. He referenced a formal statement issued by the Catholic Church on November 10, 2009, authorized by Pope Benedict. The statement, issued by Father Jose Gabriel Alfuz, a director of the Pontifical Observatory in Rome, recognized the increasing discovery of exoplanets and called for a global discussion on the philosophical and theological implications of the imminent discovery of extraterrestrial life.

Sheehan disclosed that the government was telepathically interrogating the extraterrestrial biological entity (EBO) in custody. Despite acknowledging the bizarre nature of the revelation, Sheehan stood by the credibility of the information, having interviewed individuals directly involved in the process. The EBO allegedly conveyed that a coalition of star systems in our galaxy monitors the evolution of life on different planets, including Earth.

“Pope Benedict had a formal statement issued by the Catholic Church, saying that with the discovery of more exoplanets, it has become clear that we will be discovering life elsewhere in the universe. This prompted the need for a global discussion on the philosophical and theological questions posed by the discovery of extraterrestrial life.” – Daniel Sheehan

Since the translation of the Book of Enoch from the ancient texts discovered in Ethiopia in 1768, it has created a stir in the history of mankind that has been told for years. The Book of Enoch tells the story of the Fallen Angels called the Nephilims or the Anunnaki; it is attributed to Enoch, the great-grandfather of Noah.

It is no wonder why the Book of Enoch was not included in the modern biblical version, since its content speaks of wicked angels who became fond of mortal women and mated with them, giving birth to the hybrid race of giant humanoids known throughout secular and Biblical history as the Nephilims.

The Nephilims then taught humans great technologies that made us greedy and awful until God destroyed them with a great flood in order to prevent further harm to creation. This is a massively oversimplified summary, but given these themes, the Book of Enoch has understandably grown in popularity in recent years.

So, what are UFOs? Jeremy Corbell says, “UFOs appear to be part of a larger phenomenon, meaning UFOs are kind of an auxiliary implication of a much larger reality. So this idea that what we’re seeing are machines from other planets. I’m unconvinced what we may be seeing is an alternate reality. You know, maybe it is something closer to dimensional travel.”

Former CIA officer Jim Semivan says, “Yes, there is a force out there that can control our environment.” The UFO phenomenon can be shocking, especially to children.

“You know for humanity. Are we alone or, you know, what happens when we die? Well, I don’t know about that, but are we alone? Well, the answer is we’re not alone. And I know that with 100% certainty, which as an Intel officer, you never say 100%, but all things pointed towards, based on the people I talked to… The phenomenon is real. It’s been going on for thousands of years. People have been seeing strange things, and not everybody’s mass hallucinating. So that’s kind of my long diatribe about what’s happening.”– David Grusch

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16-10-2025 om 23:16 geschreven door peter  

Earth to Pass Through the Same Taurid Meteor Stream in 2032 That May Have Triggered a Mass Extinction 12,800 Years Ago

Earth will travel right in front of the same Taurid meteor stream in 2032 that caused a mass extinction and worldwide flood ~12,800 years ago, plunging Earth into a mini-Ice Age for 1,300 years. Graham Hancock was right all this time but we did not listen to him.

Our solar system is a dangerous place, and every month Earth inches closer to one of its riskier places, the “Taurid swarm” of meteors. Our planet is predicted to pass directly through the “Taurid swarm” in November 2032.

An ancient monument found in Turkey might be more than just a monument—it could be the world’s oldest solar calendar. Researchers from the University of Edinburgh studied symbols carved on the pillars of Göbekli Tepe, a large, ancient site in southern Turkey. They think these carvings were used to track days, seasons, and years, like a calendar. (Source)

The team noticed that each “V” shape carved on the pillars might represent one day. One pillar even had 365 “V”s, the same number as days in a year. They also found that a special “V” around the neck of a bird-like figure could represent the summer solstice—the longest day of the year. This might explain why the “V” symbol shows up on many other statues in the area, often around the necks of figures connected to time and creation.

Mini Ice Age

The ancient calendar focused on tracking day, night, and seasonal changes, which might have become more important after a major comet hit Earth around 10,850 B.C. This event likely caused a mini-ice age that wiped out many species. According to Martin Sweatman, a researcher from the University of Edinburgh, the people at Gobekli Tepe were careful observers of the sky, possibly because the comet strike had changed their world.

This disaster may have sparked the beginning of civilization by starting new religious beliefs and pushing people to develop agriculture to survive the colder climate. Their carvings might be some of the earliest attempts at writing. These carvings also tracked the cycles of the Moon and Sun, long before similar calendars were made. They may have even shown for the first time that comet strikes are more likely to happen when Earth crosses the path of comet fragments, something that modern scientists have confirmed.

To help support this theory, the team points to another pillar at the site appearing to picture the Taurid meteor stream lasting 27 days, which was quite possibly the source of the ancient comet strike. The researchers believe that the temple carvings show the ancient civilization was recording dates precisely, noting how the movement of constellations across the sky differed based on the time of the year. This would be 10,000 years before Hipparchus of ancient Greece documented the wobble in the Earth’s axis in 150 BC, making this newfound calendar well ahead of its time.

The Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) cosmic-impact hypothesis suggests that around 12,800 years ago, Earth was hit by pieces of a large comet, which broke apart as it entered the inner solar system. This event likely caused a chain reaction, leading to an “impact winter” (a period of intense cold) and a climate change episode called the Younger Dryas (YD). (Source)

The collision is also believed to have caused massive wildfires, the extinction of large animals like mammoths, and changes in human cultures and population decline. Evidence of this impact includes unusually high levels of platinum found at 26 sites across the Northern Hemisphere, including in ice cores from Greenland, which show platinum deposits over a 21-year period.

The start of the Younger Dryas also shows an increase in dust and chemicals linked to wildfires, like ammonium and other burning aerosols, found in ice cores from Greenland, Antarctica, and Russia. These signs point to one of the biggest wildfire events in over 120,000 years, with about 9% of Earth’s forests burned, covering 10 million square kilometers.

This large-scale burning and the cooling effect of the impact may have triggered the Younger Dryas climate change, according to the theory.

A 2021 study (Taurid complex smoking gun) found that 88 near-Earth asteroids, hidden in the debris that creates the Taurid Meteor Shower, likely came from the breakup of a single comet about 20,000 years ago. Astronomers at the University of Antioquia in Colombia studied the ‘Taurid complex’ to learn more about where these objects came from.

In the 1980s, scientists William Napier and Victor Clube noticed large asteroids in the Taurid stream. They suggested these asteroids had the same origin as Comet Encke, which orbits the Sun every three years. However, some asteroids are over a mile wide, meaning they couldn’t have come from Comet Encke itself. Scientists Ignacio Ferrín and Vincenzo Orofino reviewed old research and measured light reflected from the larger asteroids.

They found more evidence that both Comet Encke and the big asteroids came from the breakup of a huge ice comet, 62 miles wide, about 20,000 years ago. The team warned that these asteroids could be dangerous to Earth, and others from the ancient comet might have already hit our planet in the past. Every year, Earth passes through a stream of debris, causing shooting stars to appear in October in the southern hemisphere and November in the north.

Comet Encke, first seen in 1786, left a trail of debris as it got closer to the sun, like other comets. This trail, made up of rocks, dust, and debris, sometimes comes close to Earth, leading to lots of scientific study. Some studies focus on larger asteroids.

Experts think impacts from the Taurid stream may have contributed to the extinction of ancient cultures and global cooling during the Younger Dryas period. The 1908 Tunguska event, where a small asteroid exploded above Russia, destroying millions of trees, is believed to be connected to this debris stream.

In 2013, the Chelyabinsk meteor, which injured over 1,500 people in Russia, may have also come from the Taurid stream. In 2005, NASA astronomer Rob Suggs observed a flash from a meteor hitting the moon, which was part of the Taurid meteor shower.

A team of Colombian researchers, along with astronomers from Italy’s University of Salento, reviewed many studies on space impacts. They confirmed that a group of space objects contains up to 88 large pieces. Using a method called secular light curves, they noticed changes in the brightness of these objects and found that 67% showed signs of “comet-like” activity. This supported the idea that these objects came from a common origin.

Napier, another scientist, supported their findings. He said that these asteroids, which have orbits like Comet Encke, could either be affected by unknown forces or are pieces of a larger, older comet that lost its gases. This original comet may have been a “rubble pile” – a mix of rocks and other materials held together by ice. Over time, this pile could have broken apart, possibly due to forces from the Sun or another object, creating smaller fragments.

One asteroid, Oljato, is an example of a rubble pile. It’s still held together by ice, which gives it comet-like activity, but it’s much smaller than its parent. Bigger inactive objects like Morpheus are similar, but their ice is trapped inside. Smaller objects, like 2006 SO198, might be the original rocky pieces. The team explained that even if an object looks like a regular asteroid, it could still have a comet-like origin.

Taurid meteors, part of this group, are usually larger than normal meteors. They shine brightly and go deeper into the Earth’s atmosphere, sometimes creating fireballs. While this is mostly harmless, the discovery of larger asteroids in one “dangerous” part of the meteor stream could be a real threat.

Earth passes through this risky area every few years, leading to more shooting stars and possibly large objects hitting Earth instead of burning up in the atmosphere. Future encounters are expected in 2022, 2025, 2032, and 2039.

In 2021, David Asher, Armagh Observatory astronomer predicted that in 2032 and 2036 we are likely to pass through the centre of the Taurid complex, where there will be a ‘noticeable enhancement of fireballs.’ According to study [Taurid complex smoking gun] authors Ignacio Ferrín and Vincenzo Orofino, outgassing from comet-like objects within the complex could be hiding smaller, but still potentially dangerous, asteroids that might hit the Earth.

‘The Tunguska cosmic body was 60 to 90 meters in diameter,’ he told Discover Magazine, adding that we ‘now believe the complex may contain many more objects of that size. It is not the tame, simple and innocent complex we thought it was.’

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16-10-2025 om 22:55 geschreven door peter  

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

16-10-2025 om 22:33 geschreven door peter  

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

16-10-2025 om 22:25 geschreven door peter  

Pilots See UFO Over Lon, New Mexico Oct 10, 2025, UAP Paranormal sighting news. Aliens love jet tech.

Date of sighting: Oct 10, 2025

Location of sighting: Between IAH to LAX airports. USA

Source: NUFORC

 

UFOs come in all shapes, sizes, colors so this one seems to be a barbell shape...yes a shape mentioned in the old Project Blue Book files. Also from the movement of the object past the clouds, it is matching speed with the small jet traveling at between 600-900mph, making this object one very fast craft. Then suddenly the pilot mentions that it just holds still as they pass it by. This means it's intelligently controlled. 100% alien technology in our atmosphere. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

16-10-2025 om 20:52 geschreven door peter  

Glowing UFO Over Wauchula, Florida, USA On Oct 13, 2025, Photos, UAP Paranormal Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Oct 13, 2025

Location of sighting: Wauchula, Florida, USA

Source: NUFORC 

 

It's a cloaked UFO, however the propulsion systems of the craft are causing a static glow around it making it visible...until it shot away. Too often people discount glowing disks in the sky as streetlights, party lights ect. The truth of the matter is...there are hundreds of UFO files in Project Blue Book that mention blue glowing haze craft. And this looks like a massive size one, must have come from the ocean and flew close to the ground for a long ways while it was cloaked, but powering up to shoot long distance caused it to be noticed. 100% proof aliens exist and are active in Florida! 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

 

Eyewitness states: 

It was moving 50 mph or faster. Aura or haze around object, Made a sound A big and fast moving sphere! It was going FAST! and big! And then we saw it fade away!

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

16-10-2025 om 20:46 geschreven door peter  

Glowing UFO Seen Above Hollywood, Florida, USA Oct 13, 2025, UAP Paranormal Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Oct 13, 2025

Location of sighting: Hollywood, Florida, USA

Source: NUFORC

 

I know...this guys description below is lacking...a bit lazy but he did take a great video of the event. The glowing craft is seen passing across the night sky glowing like a comet, but it's not a comet, it's not a meteor because it's moving way too slow. This is something more amazing...coming from the direction of the ocean...which is known by all UFO researchers as a UFO hotspot...caused by the location of an alien base that crosses below all of Florida from the Gulf of America to the ocean on the other side. This is from the Bermuda Triangle area and passing over Florida, the US gov may try to say its a rocket or falling satellite, but we know the US gov lies every time they open their mouths...its an alien ship!

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

Eyewitness states: 

Seen at Hollywood, Florida. Above the diplomat Headed towards the oceanLeft a trail I just came out of no where I have the video.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

16-10-2025 om 20:39 geschreven door peter  

Boeing is pitching a new class of unmanned vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft — a modular, high-speed tiltrotor — that could operate alongside, support, and even protect crewed platforms like the AH-64 Apache and CH-47 Chinook. 

By unveiling the CxR, Boeing is entering a high-stakes race to supply the next generation of collaborative rotorcraft, with the potential to shift tactical aviation paradigms.

According to Aviation Week, the CxR is projected to weigh between 5,000 and 7,000 pounds and will be powered by a single turboshaft engine driving a pair of tilting propellers, enabling speeds of 200 to 250 knots. The aircraft is also expected to have a maximum gross weight between 5,000 and 7,000 pounds, with a payload capacity of 1,000 to 2,000 pounds.

This configuration would make the CxR roughly twice the size of the MQ-1 Predator, giving it significantly more heft and operational flexibility than many of the smaller unmanned systems in the U.S. Army’s current arsenal.  

Despite its size, Boeing emphasizes that the CxR is designed to be expeditionary, fitting compactly inside a C-130 Hercules transport to allow for rapid deployment to remote or contested theaters.

Boeing is presenting the CxR as part of a “family of systems” tailored to the Army’s future vertical lift ecosystem, with two specific variants already envisioned to address distinct mission needs.

One variant, dubbed the “Collaborative Combat Rotorcraft” (CCR), would be designed for front-line combat operations. In this configuration, the CxR would be equipped with weapons, sensors, and electronic warfare systems, allowing it to perform strike, reconnaissance, or escort missions. 

It could also serve as a “mothership” for smaller launched effects (LEs) — miniature drones that can be deployed mid-flight for surveillance, jamming, or precision attacks deep within enemy territory.

Boeing suggests the CCR variant of the CxR could be specifically designed to integrate seamlessly with the AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, extending its reach and capabilities on the battlefield.

Under the Army’s Manned-Unmanned Teaming-Extended (MUMT-X) architecture, Apache crews can already control sensors and flight paths of assets like the MQ-1C Gray Eagle drone. Boeing aims to extend that control paradigm to the CxR, making it a “true wingman” rather than an autonomous sidecar. 

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/defense/ }

16-10-2025 om 17:58 geschreven door peter  

Scientists reveal the surprising age at which your brain reaches its peak – so, are YOUR best days behind you?

• READ MORE: Actor Tom Hanks thinks 35 is the hardest age – but is he right?

By JONATHAN CHADWICK, ASSISTANT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR 

With each passing day, you may feel like you're getting further past your peak. 

But panic not – as a new study suggests your best days may still lie ahead of you. 

Scientists in Australia say that overall mental functioning in the brain actually peaks between the ages of 55 and 60. 

People in this age range may be at their best for complex problem–solving tasks and high–ranking leadership roles in the workforce. 

'As your youth fades further into the past, you may start to fear growing older,' said study author Gilles Gignac, professor of psychology at the University of Western Australia. 

'But our research shows there's also very good reason to be excited.

'For many of us, overall psychological functioning actually peaks between ages 55 and 60.

'Perhaps it's time we stopped treating midlife as a countdown and started recognising it as a peak.' 

Scientists have revealed the surprising age at which your brain reaches its peak (stock image)

This graph shows peak performance for reasoning, vocabulary, memory, speed and an overall 'weighted cognitive ability composite' (WCAC)

Previous studies have suggested that humans reach their physical peak in their mid–twenties to early thirties – which is why athletes have such a relatively short career. 

But in terms of a cognitive peak, the picture is much less clear.

In their meta–review of previous research, the team identified 16 key cognitive and personality–related traits, all 'with well–documented age trajectories'. 

The 16 traits included moral reasoning, memory span, processing speed, knowledge and emotional intelligence. 

They also included the so–called 'big five' personality traits – extraversion, emotional stability, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and agreeableness. 

'By standardising these studies to a common scale, we were able to make direct comparisons and map how each trait evolves across the lifespan,' said Professor Gignac said in a piece for The Conversation. 

When they combined the age–related trajectories of all 16 dimensions, a 'striking pattern' emerged, according to the academic.

'Overall mental functioning peaked between ages 55 and 60, before beginning to decline from around 65,' he said. 

According to the experts, overall psychological functioning actually peaks between ages 55 and 60 – which might make people of this especially well–suited to demanding leadership roles (file photo)

Some traits such as moral reasoning continue to peak past the age of 65, the study suggests. In this graph, note the declines in financial literacy and resistance to sunk cost – being able to abandon a strategy or course of action when it is beneficial even after investing heavily in it

'That decline became more pronounced after age 75, suggesting that later–life reductions in functioning can accelerate once they begin.' 

Several of the traits measured reach their peak much later in life, including conscientiousness (peaking around 65) and emotional stability (around 75). 

Less commonly discussed traits, such as moral reasoning, also appear to peak in older adulthood – around 70 and older. 

Although overall mental functioning notably declines after age 75, the capacity to resist cognitive biases – mental shortcuts that can lead us to make irrational decisions – may continue improving well into the 70s and even 80s. 

The findings, published in the journal Intelligence, may explain why many demanding business leadership roles are often held by people in their fifties and sixties. 

People best suited for high–stakes leadership, judgment, or executive roles are likely to be between 55 and 60 – and unlikely to be younger than 40 or older than 65.

However, older workers face greater challenges re–entering the workforce after job losses – perhaps because employers think they're soon to retire. 

'Although many studies emphasize early adulthood declines in fluid cognitive abilities, our findings suggest that when broader adaptive traits are considered, human functional capacity peaks in midlife,' the team conclude. 

Once you pass the five–year peak period (55–65), aspects of cognitive performance, such as reasoning and memory, may start to decline (file photo)

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• Woman's best friend! Spending time with dogs slows ageing in women, study finds 

'This challenges many conventional assumptions about age and capability, and suggests that midlife may represent the true apex of psychological readiness for complex, consequential roles.' 

Overall, researchers agree there's a difference between 'fluid intelligence' and 'crystallised intelligence' – concepts introduced in 1943 by Birmingham–born psychologist Raymond Cattell. 

Fluid intelligence – described as 'raw processing power' – is the ability to process information quickly and problem solve, while crystallised intelligence is gained through prior learning. 

Fluid intelligence typically peaks in the twenties, while crystallised intelligence tends to increase with age as we gain more experience. 

'When we look beyond raw processing power, a different picture emerges,' said Professor Gignac. 

'Evaluations and assessments should focus on individuals’ actual abilities and traits rather than age–based assumptions.' 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html  }

16-10-2025 om 17:36 geschreven door peter  

America's most renowned 'prophet' makes startling prediction about alien 'mothership'

• READ MORE: Precise date interstellar visitor will reveal itself as 'alien mothership' or comet confirmed

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

A Christian pastor who accurately foresaw the assassination attempt on Donald Trump three months prior has shared a new vision about a threat in the sky.

Brandon Biggs claimed that God showed him a vision of an 'alien' ship flying over the Vatican and Mayan temples in Mexico.

'A major distraction is about to take place,' Biggs said in a YouTube video. 'I said, 'Lord, are there two of these?' And he said, 'No, it's just one.' 

'That's what's going to make everybody freak out because they're going to see it moving across the ocean. It's going to be something that's going to be on TV.'

Biggs shared the vision in July, just weeks after 3I/ATLAS was identified, claiming that it is not aliens, but 'demonic spirits.'

'There is no such thing as aliens. You need to hear me. But there are going to be things in the sky that are going to scare everybody in the days ahead because people are going to go, 'Oh, no. ET really exists.' No, it's fallen angels,' he said. 

Biggs admitted he did not know when his vision was set to take place, but warned that it would appear as a 'demonic-looking light' in the night sky.

His prediction has been met with criticisms online, with many users calling Biggs a 'false prophet.'

While there is no scientific or credible evidence to back up the claims, Biggs had accurately predicted the attack on Trump last year.

In April, Biggs posted a video detailing what he saw.

'This bullet flew by his ear, and it came so close to his head that it busted his eardrum,' he said

Three months later, Matthew Crooks, 20, took several shots at Trump, with one grazing his ear. But the bullet did not burst his eardrum.

While there are wild theories about the object, dubbed 3I/ATLAS, NASA has long determined it is nothing more than a comet from another part of the universe

Also during the segment, Biggs said he saw red waves in Michigan and Oklahoma during the 2024 Election, which ultimately occurred in both states.

Now that those predictions have come and passed, social media users fear the last vision could also come true.

Biggs' vision aligns with statements from Harvard Professor Avi Loeb, who speculated that 3I/ATLAS could be of extraterrestrial origin.

Loeb has also floated the idea that it is a mothership set to release tiny probes to intercept Earth.

Read More

•  Interstellar object spotted carrying mysterious companion that points to 'technological design' 

Dr Matthew Genge, a planetary scientist from Imperial College London, dismissed Loeb's claims, telling the Daily Mail that 3I/ATLAS is a natural object.

'Little green men certainly aren't responsible!' he added. 

Loeb said this week that the world will soon know the true origins of 3I/ATLAS, as the object will make its closest approach to the sun on October 29.

If it is a comet, it should 'disintegrate into fragments.'

'When a comet gets close to the sun, solar radiation heats its icy nucleus,' Loeb explained.

'Volatile ices like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or water sublimate directly into gas, carrying away dust and small rocks.

'This process can cause the comet to break apart if the mix of ice and dust cannot withstand the thermal stress.'

The European Space Agency's Jupiter probe will have a front-row seat, capturing the moment it either breaks apart or, as Loeb speculated, 'releases mini-probes as a technological mothership.'

Loeb noted there is a 30 to 40 percent chance the object 'does not have a fully natural origin,' noting the possibility it is a 'Trojan Horse,' where a technological object masquerades as a comet. 

The ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (Juice) craft will have a view of the object when it comes 125 million miles from the planet and monitor it through November.

'During November and December, terrestrial observatories will also be able to monitor 3I/ATLAS and check whether it disintegrated like a natural comet or released mini-probes as a technological mothership,' Loeb explained.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

16-10-2025 om 17:24 geschreven door peter  

Revealed: What Jesus REALLY looked like - as Mel Gibson sparks outrage for recasting the long-awaited Passion of the Christ sequel

• READ MORE: Mel Gibson recasts Jesus in Passion Of The Christ sequel

By SHIVALI BEST, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR 

It is a question that has long puzzled historians and theologians... what DID Jesus actually look like?

And it seems casting agents are also prone to getting themselves in a tangle over Christ's appearance. 

Mel Gibson's highly-anticipated sequel to The Passion of the Christ has caused outrage from fans after it was revealed it is using a new cast because the original actors have aged since the first film in 2004.

The original movie followed the final 12 hours of Christ's life, and starred Jim Caviezel, 57, as Jesus. 

However, The Resurrection of the Christ - which takes place three days after the crucifixion on Good Friday - will now star Finnish actor Jaakko Ohtonen, 36.

Despite the backlash, perhaps the bigger question is does Ohtonen actually look like Jesus? And what did the Messiah really look like in the first place? 

According to historians, Jesus would have had short curly hair, brown skin and brown eyes. 

However, just like Ohtonen, Jesus would have been strong and lean. 

Dr Meredith Warren, senior lecturer on Biblical and religious studies at Sheffield University, told the Daily Mail that muscular depictions of Jesus aren't 'completely off the mark'.

She said: 'Jesus comes from a family where manual labour is the norm, and he certainly gets exercise with all the walking around.'

The original 2004 movie starred Jim Caviezel (left) as Christ, but the sequel will see Finnish actor Jaakko Ohtonen (right) in the role instead

The version of Jesus we are most familiar with often has brown, flowing shoulder-length hair and a full beard. However, neither of these ideas matches up with what we know about the historical figure of Jesus 

Beard and hair

The version of Jesus we are most familiar with often has brown, flowing shoulder-length hair and a full beard.

However, neither of these ideas matches up with what we know about the historical figure of Jesus.

One of the few things we know for certain is that Jesus was ethnically Judean and came from the region which is now modern-day Palestine.

This means his hair and beard would have been black and curly rather than brown and straight.

Likewise, it is extremely likely that Jesus would have worn his hair and beard quite short.

Just like today, beards tended to go in and out of fashion in the Roman world over the years.

Around the time of Jesus' life in the first century AD, we think that being clean-shaven was extremely important to Romans but as a Jew, Jesus probably did grow a well-kept beard.

Paintings of Jesus often show a man with pale skin, long hair and a full beard. However, experts say that none of these details is correct

Roman coins from the period show captive Judeans sporting short curly beards, which suggests this might have been the fashion of the time.

Joan Taylor, professor of Christian origins at King's College London, told the Daily Mail: 'To have long hair and a long beard signalled something in ancient Judaism - that you were keeping a special vow and not drinking wine.

'Jesus was actually accused of drinking too much, so he was not keeping such a vow.'

In fact, some of the very first depictions we have of Jesus show him looking distinctly well-groomed.

Paintings dating from the first half of the third century AD found the church in the ruined city of Dura-Europos in Syria show Jesus clean-shaven with hair cut well above his collar.

However, like so many of our modern depictions of Jesus, these characteristics say more about the culture of the time than they do about the historical figure.

In the first century AD, Professor Taylor says that long hair on men was considered 'rather unseemly'.

However, by the fourth century AD, images of Jesus began to feature long hair and beards depending on what the artists wanted to emphasise.

The very earliest image of Jesus from the church in the ruined city of Dura-Europos shows a man with short hair and no beard. Long hair would have only been worn by Jewish men when they were taking a vow involving abstaining from wine 

This third-century image shows Moses parting the Red Sea. Experts think this style of short hair and beard is the most likely way Jesus would have styled himself 

Dr Warren says: 'If they want to connect Jesus with the notion of the Good Shepherd or make parallels with Roman ideas about Dionysus or Apollo, he'll have longer hair; likewise if they want to emphasise Jesus as Philosopher, who would have a longer beard.

'Later, when we get the idea of an all-powerful Christ as Creator, his depiction aligns with the way Zeus or Jupiter is imaged: with beard and longer hair.'

Facial features  

Strikingly, the Bible does not include many descriptions of Jesus's appearance.  

But based on the few biographical details we have experts have pieced together some details of his likely facial features.  

Dr Warren says: 'Jesus would have had brown skin, brown eyes, like the local population.

'He died before he was 40. He wasn't rich and would have spent a lot of time outdoors, so some lines on that face, probably. His hands and feet were probably calloused and rough.'

To get more specific details, experts have to look at other people living in the region at the time.

Starting from the fourth century, Byzantine images of Jesus start to show a man with pale skin and Western features 

In reality, experts say that Jesus would have looked more like the men shown in the Egyptian mummy paintings from the first century AD (pictured). These show dark-skinned men with brown eyes and curly hair 

One of the few things the Bible tells us about Jesus's appearance is how indistinct he appeared to be.

When soldiers come to take him from the Garden of Gethsemane they needed Judas to point him out amongst the crowd of other Judean men.

Likewise, in the Gospel of John, Mary Magdalene mistakes him for a gardener when she goes looking for his body.

From these pieces of information, some scholars have inferred that Jesus might have looked very much like other men of the period and didn't have many distinctive features.

In her opinion, Dr Warren thinks the best representations of how Jesus might have looked come from the Egyptian mummy portraits.

These paintings were made of men who died between 80 and 120 AD in a similar part of the world to Jesus.

They show men with dark eyes, brown skin, short curly hair, beards and facial features which would have been distinctive of people living in what is now Egypt, the Palestinian territories and Israel.

Likewise, in 2015, medical artist Richard Neave used forensic techniques to reconstruct the face of a Judean man by studying Semite skulls.

Retired medical artist Richard Neave has recreated the face of a first-century Judean (pictured) using forensic techniques and Semite skulls found in archaeological excavations 

Richard Neave's reconstruction shows what a man from the region might have looked like

The portrait revealed a wide face, dark eyes, a bushy beard and short curly hair, as well as a tanned complexion which might have been typical of Jews in the Galilee area.

While this is just a portrait of an adult man living at the same time as Jesus, this reconstruction gives us a better idea of what kind of features he may have had. 

Muscles 

Across statues and paintings of Christ, one of the most oddly consistent features is that the son of God is often depicted with chiselled abs.

While this might seem like an absurd detail to include, experts say that it's not that crazy when we consider the details of Jesus's life.

Professor Taylor says: 'Jesus did a lot of walking, during his mission, and his trade was as a carpenter or constructor, so he was not a couch potato.

'He and his disciples essentially lived on hospitality, charity and they shared food, so I don't think he ate that much. I see him more as wiry than bulky.'

This means that statues of Jesus with a six-pack probably aren't as far from reality as you might think.

Jesus is often depicted with bulging muscles and chiselled abs. While experts say that Jesus probably wouldn't have been extremely muscly, his manual labour and poor diet would have made him wiry and strong. Pictured: 'It Is Finished', by Sascha Schneider (1895)

However, statues of Jesus on the cross with bulging biceps and pecs definitely miss the mark.

As someone who travelled on foot and ate very little, it would be extremely surprising if Jesus was particularly muscular.

Clothing  

When we see paintings of Jesus today, he is often wearing a long white robe which hangs down to his ankles.

However, in first-century Judea, long robes like these would have been seen as women's clothing.

Instead, men from the region would have worn a short woollen tunic made up of two pieces, belted or tied at the waist, with a thinner linen tunic underneath.

Only Roman citizens were permitted to wear a toga but Jesus would have had a thick woollen mantle called a himation to wrap about himself for warmth.

As a Jewish man, Jesus might have had a mantle with knotted tassels called tzitzit on each of the corners.

Jesus would have worn a knee-length tunic tied or belted at the waist with a thick woollen mantle or cloak called a himation over the top (pictured) 

These sandals were found in the caves around the Dead Sea and date back to the first century. They are exactly the kind of simple footwear Jesus would have worn 

However, this wouldn't have been entirely unique since lots of clothes from the period also had fringes.

The one thing that our modern images of Jesus get right is that everyone in Judea would have worn leather sandals during the time Jesus was alive.

Archaeologists have even found examples of first-century sandles in the caves Dead Sea and Masada.

These show that Jesus's sandals would have been very simple, with the soles made of thick pieces of leather sewn together, and the upper parts made of straps of leather going through the toes.

Read More

• Artist creates 'realistic' image of what Mary looked like before giving birth to Jesus 

When it comes to colour, images of Jesus often show him wearing a red or blue mantle over his white robes.

Archaeological evidence from the time shows that people did wear brightly coloured and patterned clothes - but it is more likely that Jesus's clothes would have been a little more muted.

'Many garments were dyed bright colours, but it was considered more manly to wear duller hues or undyed clothing,' says Professor Taylor.

'Appearance and clothing do matter, and Jesus was quite clear about that: he asked those he sent out in his name to wear only one tunic and a pair of sandals, with no money, just like refugees might arrive in a village needing support with nothing on them. He would then have dressed very simply himself.'

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{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

16-10-2025 om 16:46 geschreven door peter  

On October 15–16, the recently discovered asteroid 2025 TP5 made a close flyby of Earth and then the Moon. It flew past our planet at a distance of less than 100,000 km. This is about four times less than the average distance between the Earth and the Sun.

Over the past few decades, astronomers have made significant efforts to catalog and search for potentially dangerous asteroids that could pose a threat to Earth. Their detection is handled, in particular, by the ATLAS system, which is funded by NASA. It consists of four automated telescopes, two of which are located in Hawaii, one in Chile, and another in South Africa. It was the ATLAS system that discovered the famous interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, which is currently approaching the Sun.

On October 13, ATLAS telescopes discovered a previously unknown asteroid, designated 2025 TP5. Its diameter is 16 meters.

On October 15, 2025, TP5 flew close to Earth. According to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the minimum distance between the two bodies was 97,089 km. This is significantly less than the distance of most similar visits. However, in any case, the approach posed no threat to Earth. And the very next day, 2025 TP5 flew past the Moon at a distance of 120,084 km, which is also quite close by cosmic standards.

Interestingly, in 1979, 2025 TP5 already made a close flyby of Earth. But no one noticed the asteroid at that time. The discovery of 2025 TP5 clearly demonstrates the significantly increased capabilities of astronomers in searching for near-Earth asteroids. Technology has advanced to such an extent that several small asteroids approaching Earth are now detected every month. Recall that one of them flew over Earth at the altitude of the International Space Station in early October.

• According to Space.com

• Posted in News, Science

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{ https://universemagazine.com/en/news-en/science-en/ }

16-10-2025 om 15:01 geschreven door peter  

A Lantern That Comes to Life

The researchers started with a thin polymer sheet, cut into a diamond-shaped parallelogram. Evenly spaced slits were then added to form narrow ribbon patterns connected by solid strips at the top and bottom. When the ends were joined, the sheet folded into a hollow, spherical structure that resembled a paper lantern.

“This basic shape is, by itself, bistable,” said Jie Yin, one of the study’s authors and a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at NC State. “It’s stable in its lantern form, but when compressed, it suddenly snaps into a second stable shape that resembles a spinning top.”

When returning to its original form, the structure rapidly releases stored elastic energy, a process the researchers call snapping morphogenesis. By combining twisting and folding, the team produced a variety of additional shapes, including some with four stable states.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/tech/ }

15-10-2025 om 17:59 geschreven door peter  

Scientists are interested in the origin of a number of gullies on Mars. They believe that carbon dioxide may be responsible for their formation. More precisely, we are talking about its solid form, which is essentially ice.

Martian gullies

Was there really life on Mars? Unfortunately, there is no convincing evidence of this yet. However, some form of life seems to have been the driving force behind the mysterious Martian gullies. Geologist Dr. Lonneke Roelofs from Utrecht University investigated how these gullies were formed. During her experiment, she observed that blocks of CO2 ice “dug” these gullies in a unique way.

Other researchers had previously suggested that these blocks might play a role in the formation of gullies. Roelofs proved this by conducting an experiment in which blocks of CO2 ice actually carved out these gullies — a phenomenon that is unknown on Earth and has never been observed before.

Sublimation process

Ice appears on the dunes during the Martian winter, when temperatures drop to minus 120 degrees Celsius. By the end of winter, the slopes of the dunes heat up and blocks of ice break off, some of which are up to a meter long. Due to the thin atmosphere and the large temperature difference between the warm sand of the dunes and the ice, the lower part of the ice immediately turns into gas — a process called sublimation. Since a kilogram of gas takes up much more space than the same weight of ice, the ice, so to speak, explodes.

As a result of this process, the block gradually moves downward, leaving behind a long, deep gully with small sandy ridges on both sides. Such gullies can also be found on the Red Planet.

• Posted in News, Science

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/news-en/science-en/ }

15-10-2025 om 17:38 geschreven door peter  

US Air Force's nuclear-ready bomber spotted over Texas on secret mission

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

A US Air Force nuclear-capable B-52H Stratofortress has been spotted flying over Texas, raising questions about the purpose of the high-profile flight.

Flight tracking data showed the long-range, subsonic strategic bomber departed from Shreveport, Louisiana at 1:18pm ET on Tuesday, soaring up through Arkansas, into Oklahoma and is now flying over Texas.

The US Air Force describes the aircraft as a long-range, heavy bomber that can perform a variety of missions.

The bomber is capable of flying at high subsonic speeds at altitudes of up to 50,000 feet. 

It was built during the Cold War to serve as a long-range strategic bomber capable of delivering massive payloads, including nuclear weapons, anywhere in the world. 

The B-52 made a loop outside of Oklahoma City and several circles above northern Texas.

While the exact purpose of the flight has not been disclosed, such missions are often part of training exercises, strategic rotations or readiness operations. 

The flight, which traveled over Texas at 26,000 feet at speeds exceeding 554 mph, highlights the bomber’s continued role in America’s nuclear and conventional arsenal. 

Flight tracking data showed the long-range, subsonic strategic bomber departed from Shreveport, Louisiana at 1:18pm ET on Tuesday

The bomber is capable of flying at high subsonic speeds at altitudes of up to 50,000 feet, while carrying nuclear or precision-guided conventional ordnance with worldwide precision navigation capability

In conventional conflicts, the B-52 can conduct strategic attacks, close-air support, air interdiction, offensive counter-air and maritime operations. 

During Desert Storm, B-52s were responsible for 40 percent of all coalition munitions dropped, demonstrating their critical role in large-scale operations. 

The bomber is also highly effective in ocean surveillance, assisting the US Navy with anti-ship missions and mine-laying operations. 

In just two hours, two B-52s can monitor roughly 140,000 square miles of ocean surface, providing unmatched coverage. 

Modern B-52s are equipped with electro-optical viewing sensors, forward-looking infrared, and advanced targeting pods to improve targeting, battle assessment, and flight safety. 

Pilots also use night vision goggles (NVGs) to enhance visibility during night operations, improving situational awareness, safety, and the ability to visually track other aircraft.

The current flight has the callsign 'TUFFF72,' which suggests the B-52 would likely be conducting training exercises and complex tactical maneuvers with other aircraft and ground forces. 

This includes rehearsing strategic attack, air interdiction and maritime operations.

Flight tracking data spotted another bomber mission on October 8, taking a different route than today's flight

Another bomber took off from Shreveport this month, but its flight details are unknown.

Flight data tracked the aircraft heading east into Mississippi, back around over Baton Rouge, where it made several circles just outside the city before returning to home base.

While the bomber emerged during the Cold War, officials said that America's 76-strong fleet will fly until at least 2050, with a few upgrades along the way. 

Rolls-Royce is among the companies competing to provide new fuel-saving engines that will spare the Air Force from having to keep ferreting out parts for existing ones that are no longer manufactured.

The B-52 is versatile, able to fire long-range missiles and launch satellite-guided mines and bombs, and is the only current U.S. bomber that can be equipped with nuclear-tipped cruise missiles. 

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{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

15-10-2025 om 17:16 geschreven door peter  

Terry Lovelace Alien Abduction Is Most Convincing UFO Encounter With Biological Evidence

By Vicky Verma

Due to the lack of evidence, validating abduction accounts is challenging, resulting in abductees often not being taken seriously in the UFO community. Although some stories of abductions can be entertaining and well-crafted, most of them are fabricated. However, there is a particularly compelling incident.

Terry Lovelace, a retired assistant attorney general and lawyer, who served as a media and EMT in the United States Air Force from 1973 to 1979, claims that an extraterrestrial craft took him. Lovelace’s account is fascinating and one of the few plausible and credible abduction stories.

In 1973, Lovelace joined the U.S. Air Force immediately after graduating from high school. He received training as a medic/EMT and was stationed at Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri, which was previously called Sedalia Air Force Base. The base served as a B-2 bomber base and missile base and was home to the 351st Strategic Missile Wing, with many Minuteman II nuclear-armed ICBM silos scattered across the rural area.

Lovelace was assigned as a base medic and drove an ambulance during the graveyard shift from 11 PM to 8 AM along with his partner, who he referred to as “Toby.” One night in January 1975, while on their regular shift, they were outside the ambulance stargazing when Toby, an amateur astronomer, pointed out the constellations and planets. Typically, their shifts were uneventful, but that night turned out to be very significant, altering the course of their lives.

Lovelace (now 69) went camping with Toby at Devil’s Den state park in northern Arkansas. While conversing near a crackling fire, they had difficulty hearing each other due to the loud sounds of crickets and tree frogs. Suddenly, an eerie silence enveloped them. “That sounds kind of clichéd – out of a movie – but that is exactly what happened to us,” he said.

As they gazed toward the horizon, three bright UFOs emerged and advanced in their direction. As the lights drew closer, the two partners could see that they were emanating from a black triangular prism as wide as two city blocks.

Alien sketch by Terry Lovelace

Terry’s re-drawn sketch originally dated Sep 4, 1977, of the massive 5-story-tall craft he and his friend “Toby” encountered in the clearing at Devil’s Den State Park in June of that year.

Credit: Terry Lovelace

Lovelace noticed a blue laser beam rapidly moving across them, possibly scanning their presence. Soon after it stopped, they lost consciousness. Upon awakening, he noticed Toby gazing outside the tent, and spotted a triangle-shaped object hovering above a group of approximately twelve children who were standing in a meadow below them. Lovelace questioned, “Why are these children out here at this time of night?”

“They aren’t little kids. Don’t you remember they took us and they hurt us?” Toby answered.

According to Lovelace, when Toby uttered those words, he experienced a sudden recall of memories of being inside a UFO. In later years, he resorted to hypnosis to recover his missing memories. Through one of these sessions, Lovelace recollected an incident where he had been taken aboard a spacecraft and subjected to medical experimentation by peculiar entities.

Those entities were humanoid forms, but their characteristics were distorted and almost non-human. They communicated with each other through telepathy and seemed to be performing a medical procedure on Lovelace. During his hypnosis sessions, Lovelace experienced flashes of memory where he was on an examination table and screaming, but no sound was coming out of his mouth. He could hear telepathic messages in his head, urging him to stop screaming because they did not intend to harm him and would take him back.

Lovelace said that they had a terrible experience that left their skin red and sore like a bad sunburn all over their body, even the soles of their feet. They had to go to the hospital at the base for two days because they were very dehydrated.

While they were there, they were questioned many times by some men who said they were from the “Office of Special Investigations.” They searched his home and car for a camera that Lovelace said he did not have, but they did not believe him. They also told him not to see his partner Toby again, who was sent to another base. The whole experience made Lovelace have nightmares and affected him mentally for a long time.

Terry Lovelace was profoundly disturbed by his encounter and left with numerous unanswered queries. Subsequently, he authored a book titled “Incident at Devils Den: A True Story,” with the intention of uncovering the facts about extraterrestrial abductions and inspiring others to share their experiences.

During a routine X-ray of his leg in 2012, it was discovered that Lovelace had a piece of metal embedded in his leg, about the size of a fingernail, with tiny wires protruding from it. This object resembled a computer chip, with two small wires extending toward his head, though it was unclear how far they went.

Crop of top right of above X-ray, showing what looks like a computer chip with two wires.

Credit: Terry Lovelace

Additionally, several other implants of varying shapes were detected, but only six out of the twenty-four images taken were provided to Lovelace, with the remainder claimed to have been destroyed. Moreover, a group of objects arranged in a floral pattern, similar in size to Tic Tacs, were found embedded in his calf muscle.

The most astonishing aspect of this discovery was that there were no signs of incision or surgery on Lovelace’s leg, and the radiologist who detected the object claimed that it was impossible to breach the skin’s integrity without leaving a scar. These implants were seemingly inserted into his body by unconventional means, and the radiologist referred to the situation as “disturbing,” noting that he had never encountered anything similar.

Terry Lovelace with former AATIP manager Luis “Lue” Elizondo, late June, 2019.

Credit: Terry Lovelace

On his personal blog, Lovelace writes: “September of 2017, I was a guest speaker at a UFO event in Houston. It was my first public appearance and opportunity to speak candidly on the topic of alien abduction. This was the time when I decided to write a book. It’s an important topic. We deserve to be informed and not mislead.

I fear we’ve been desensitized about the UFO phenomena by the media especially the motion picture industry. Close Encounters of the Third Kind was released in November 1977. my experience happened in June that same year. Now, YouTube provides a flood of valid information mixed with confabulation and deception. Know the truth. Alien’s really exist and some live and walk among us without so much as a second look. There are probably many species from different worlds or different dimensions here on Earth today.

Some aliens may actually be our ‘benign space brothers’ as some have claimed. Here to join hands and walk mankind into a new era of peace and higher consciousness. Maybe so, but not the ones we met. The beings we met were monsters. They kidnap people and subject them to terror and brutality in pursuit of their agenda. They are 100% purpose-driven and void of empathy for human or animal suffering. We are their lab rats. Once you’re tagged as their specimen you’re tagged for a lifetime. Like a wild animal on the Serengeti Plane.”

Five years ago, Terry Lovelace published a book that caused significant issues, leading to a year-long harassment incident over his home outside Dallas. Lovelace reports that following the book’s publicity, military aircraft, including two and four-seaters, as well as Airbus 350s with no registered “N” numbers, flew over his house. These aircraft, which were drab-olive in color, were spotted making flyovers at least twice a week, often every day. Lovelace captured many photos of the incidents, including one that appears to show a UFO in the same frame as one of the intruding aircraft.

USAF veteran Terry Lovelace suspects a UFO photobombed this helicopter as he tried to document evidence of aerial harassment of his home in Texas. Credit: Terry Lovelace via Bill Cox

After publishing a book about his experience, Lovelace received a call from Tom DeLonge, founder of To The Stars Academy, along with General Neil McCasland and Lue Elizondo, who were interested in the X-rays of Lovelace’s leg, which had been injured during the encounter.

Bill Cox writes:

“I can attest to the fact that TTSA was interested in speaking with Terry regarding possible biological effects that he may have suffered,” states former AATIP manager Elizondo in an email. “Biological effects (are) a potential serious aspect of what we studied in AATIP and we now know that certain elements with the U.S. Government are equally concerned as we were. If Terry is suffering any medical consequences as a result of an alleged encounter with a UAP while serving in the military, then he deserves medical care.

“It is my experience that helicopters of unknown utility have been reported by certain individuals. It is not yet known if this is some sort of intentional harassment or simply a matter of being near a congested flight corridor. Obviously, flying a helicopter is expensive and logistically intense if this were some sort of campaign to intimidate individuals on a regular basis. We would need to do additional research to better determine the nature of these incidents,” he added, “before making any sort of proclamation.

“Terry is a good person who is also credible. I believe Terry and others are convinced their experiences are legitimate.”

Podiatric surgeon and Ufologist Roger Leir investigated alleged alien implants found in Terry Lovelace’s body. The implants were discovered to contain rare elements, some of which are only found in meteorites and do not naturally occur on Earth. This raises questions about how Terry ended up with foreign implants in his body without surgical insertion, and adds credibility to his compelling abduction story.

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15-10-2025 om 16:49 geschreven door peter  

CIA Built This Nuclear-Powered ‘Eagle’ Drone: Declassified in 2020, Developed in the ’60s at Area 51

By Vicky Verma

Project Aquiline was one of the most unusual and complex spying projects during the Cold War. The idea was to create 12 bird-shaped drones powered by nuclear energy that could fly for up to a month. These drones were meant to be robotic spy planes and deliver secret items, but the project was never finished.

The CIA wanted Aquiline to be the first uncrewed system for gathering intelligence. Its goal was to gather information in areas where access was restricted secretly. The drone, designed by McDonnell Douglas (a defense company known for fighter jets), was very different from the company’s usual aircraft.

Aquiline was a small drone meant to be kept as close to bird-like size as possible—five feet long, 7.5 feet wide, and a takeoff weight of 83 pounds—under the constraints of the time’s technology. A silent 3.5-horsepower, four-cycle engine would give the drone a speed of 47 to 80 knots and an endurance of 50 hours and 1,200 miles. Aquiline’s maximum altitude was estimated at 20,000 feet. CIA file:  https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/collection/aquiline

Nuclear power was supposed to make Aquiline fly even farther. The CIA suggested adding a system that would use the heat from decaying radioactive materials like plutonium to create electricity. This system, made for deep space missions, would allow the drone to stay in the air for up to 30 days or travel 36,000 miles.

Aquiline was built to carry cameras and spy equipment. It could take photos from a lower height than the U-2 spy plane and collect electronic signals from radios, radar, and other devices for later study.

The CIA described Aquiline as a “small, bird-like surreptitious vehicle with sufficiently small acoustic, visible, and radar cross-section to permit it to operate in the natural physical signal environment of living birds.” Radars and human sentries at sensitive sites would mistake Aquiline for a bird and pay little attention to it.

Aquiline would be launched, controlled, and brought back by mobile teams on the ground. These teams could operate Aquiline from areas near the Soviet Union or China, like Taiwan, Turkey, Norway, or other places, to make sure the drone could fly over enemy land for a longer time.

The small drone would send its data to a modified DC-6 (later switched to a U-2R spy plane) flying nearby. This way, the drone wouldn’t need to carry its data storage, since storage at the time was bulky and heavy, using punch cards, tape, or large hard drives, which would use up too much weight and power.

The bird drone was supposed to be developed at Area 51, with various documents listing the personnel requirements and what it would take to regularly fly engineers to and from the mysterious base. The program was top secret, with access doled out on a strictly “need-to-know” basis. The program was so secret that it recommended personnel be recruited two years before the first flight to ensure enough personnel could pass the necessary security checks.

In 1969, the CIA agreed with the McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Corporation (MDAC) to start working on technologies for the Aquiline program. In 1970, people were sent to Area 51 to begin flight testing. This testing was planned to end in early 1971 when the contract was finished. It was expected that by then, a functioning Aquiline drone would be ready, and the program would become fully active.

Exact specifications and design details are scarce, but what is known is that Aquiline drones were made to resemble birds and featured a single-tail propeller. Initially, the prototypes were powered by chainsaw motors. In one memo in the CIA’s reading room, the Aquiline drone is referred to as a “high characteristic operating model plane with a lot of expensive gadgetry.”

Sensor systems were embedded in the aircraft’s nose and included optical cameras infrared sensors, and even electronic intelligence packages. The drones were intended to have also been able to drop “black box” sensor systems into hostile territory, as well, so some form of payload-carrying capability must have been included in at least some of the Aquiline designs. Specifically, one of the CIA’s documents states that one of the test drones was designed to carry payloads weighing up to five pounds.

The Aquiline drones were hard to spot during testing, so engineers painted one bright orange to make it easier for a chase plane to see during a test flight. Even with the paint, the chase plane crew still had trouble spotting the drone in the air.

The exact range of the Aquiline drones remains unknown and is redacted in all of the CIA’s declassified documents.

However, one account states that Aquiline was able to fly for 130 miles while obtaining “very high-resolution photography,” while another document states one of the proposed mobile control units would have a range of 1,200 miles. A dedicated satellite was planned to offer a long-distance communications link for Aquiline drones but was never launched.

Aquiline drones had an impressive design, but they had a big problem: they didn’t have landing gear. Instead, they had to land by crashing into nets. This often damaged the drones’ wings and propellers, leading to delays because of constant repairs. Three Aquiline prototypes were destroyed during these landings.

In a personal account hosted on RoadrunnersInternationale.com, a site that preserves “the history of the aviation pioneers and programs that developed the U-2, A-12 ,and YF-12 during the Cold War,” John H. Meierdierck, retired Air Force Lieutenant Colonel, offers a brief recollection of the Aquiline program as he remembered it, writing:

The vehicle was a six-foot-long plane that had a small pusher prop and looked like an Eagle or Buzzard when it was in the air. It was designed to fly at very low levels along communications lines and intercept their messages. It also had a small television in the nose as an aid to navigation and to photograph targets of opportunity. There were several successful flights some crashes [reason unknown] and some lousy landings.

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It’s unclear why Aquiline was canceled. It was meant to be a very complicated program, dealing with issues like stealth, data transfer, and propulsion in a tiny design. Using a nuclear power source would have made it even more complicated, and the technology of the 1960s might not have been enough to handle it.

Aquiline also depended on a trick, and if the Soviets or Chinese discovered it, their anti-aircraft weapons or MiG jets could have easily shot it down. In the end, Aquiline was just an idea held by a few people in the intelligence community.

If the rumors are to be believed, there’s a chance an example or two of Aquiline still exists among the other strange birds caged up in the darkness at Area 51.

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14-10-2025 om 23:18 geschreven door peter  

This Man, Who Worked on the Voyager Missions, Said He Discovered Enormous, Living, Electromagnetic Vehicles Inhabiting Saturn’s Rings

Dr. Bergrun, who had worked for NASA, claimed that there were massive alien spacecraft proliferating in the rings of Saturn. He is the author of the books “Ringmakers of Saturn” and “Tomorrows Technology Today,” which document the existence of extraterrestrial vehicles of immense power. A scientist who pioneered the methodology of thermal ice prevention design, he is also credited with roll-stability laws for airplanes and missiles

Dr. Bergrun was manager of test planning and analysis for the Polaris Underwater Launch Missile System and evaluated satellite system applications. Also a director of Information Systems, he founded his own company in 1971 and is cited in “Who’s Who in the World” and other reference works. He was an alumnus of Ames Research Laboratory, NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), predecessor of Ames Research Center, NASA, where he worked for 12 years as a research scientist.

Dr. Norman Bergrun played a key role in the Voyager missions, the probes that were sent out to photograph Saturn, its rings, and its moons. There is a photo shown below from that mission, which he was able to obtain from the agency of a large unidentified flying object hovering just outside Saturn’s rings. It is huge, approximately the size of Earth, and is published in his book, “Ringmakers of Saturn.”

Dr. Bergrun claimed that these rings were not made of ice and rock as is commonly believed, but were actually the exhaust from these massive craft, which he calls “ringmakers.” He asserted that these vehicles are proliferating and are now also present at Jupiter and Uranus, creating new rings on planets that previously had none.

He suggested these vehicles had strong nuclear power sources and advanced electromagnetic technology. They appeared capable of creating massive electrical fields, lightning bolts larger than those on Earth, and disturbances across the entire ring system.

Dr. Bergrun recounted his professional history, mentioning his work at Lockheed on the first generation of the Polaris underwater launch vehicle. This had led him to work in a top-secret area behind closed doors, where he had been required to sign a 30-year non-disclosure agreement.

He explained that he eventually left this role due to “claustrophobia,” clarifying that it was not a fear of small spaces but rather the mental strain of being confined to the same secret room day after day.

It was during this period that he received his first clue about unusual things in space after being given a set of data that no one else could make sense of. When he plotted it, he realized that it showed something strange. (Source)

He claimed that he faced significant opposition and cover-ups from official bodies such as NASA. He recounted a story about a source allegedly connected to NASA who asked him how he had found a particular image from the moon, remarking, “I thought we darkened that enough that you wouldn’t find it.”

Dr. Bergrun also stated that his personal data and images, which he had stored in a supposedly impenetrable vault, were tampered with. He claimed that unknown parties had “garbled” his files on laptops and disks, sometimes erasing them completely. Despite this interference, he believed he did not need the old data because he was so familiar with the subject that he could reconstruct his work at any time.

He claimed that he faced significant opposition and cover-ups from official bodies such as NASA. He recounted a story about a source allegedly connected to NASA who asked him how he had found a particular image from the moon, remarking, “I thought we darkened that enough that you wouldn’t find it.”

Dr. Bergrun also stated that his personal data and images, which he had stored in a supposedly impenetrable vault, were tampered with. He claimed that unknown parties had “garbled” his files on laptops and disks, sometimes erasing them completely. Despite this interference, he believed he did not need the old data because he was so familiar with the subject that he could reconstruct his work at any time.

Regarding the purpose of these  vehicles, Dr. Bergrun disagreed with the theory that they were mining the rings. Instead, he suggested that they were “nursing” from the rings, using them as a source of energy to power themselves and to create new, smaller vehicles that later grew, much like living organisms.

He was open to the idea that they might also fly close to the sun to “get pumped up” with energy, since their apparent ability to withstand extreme heat made that possible.

According to him, these could not be fully explained by natural processes. He suggested that the vehicles had electromagnetic capabilities and emitted streams of material, which then formed the rings and gaps seen around Saturn. He gave examples and measurements to support his claims, and pointed to historical observations by Galileo and others that showed unexplained phenomena.

Dr. Bergrun also claimed that similar effects were seen on some of Saturn’s moons. He described mysterious lighting and unusual markings, which he thought were possible “scars” left by the vehicles. He went even further, suggesting that Earth’s Moon, the Tunguska explosion in Siberia, and strange weather events might all be related to visits or actions by these powerful spacecraft.

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He argued that these vehicles are evidence of a super-advanced intelligence in the universe and that they have been visiting our solar system for a long time. Bergrun warned that their power could pose risks if not understood, but also noted that they might not necessarily threaten humanity directly.

Dr. Bergrun believed that the situation was becoming “critical” because the activity was increasing, as evidenced by the new rings appearing around Uranus and Jupiter.

His urgency was not necessarily from the idea that the craft were coming to Earth, but from his sense that there was a strong possibility they could, and that the public and the scientific community had to be made to understand that these objects were real.

He noted that his conclusions were too controversial for his professional organization to address. He distinguished between his work, which he said was based on data, and the “theories” of others, such as John Lear’s idea that Saturn was a portal into another dimension.

He also touched on other topics, including his belief that humans were not capable of communicating with these entities, which rendered efforts by organizations like SETI ineffective.

He confirmed that plasma had been scientifically measured in Saturn’s rings, which he saw as supporting his claims. When asked about the hexagonal shape seen at Saturn’s north pole, he acknowledged it but regarded it simply as another geometric form that these advanced entities were capable of creating, rather than holding a special symbolic meaning.

Finally, he revealed that he had spent ten years earning a law degree so that he could better understand the mindset of the people “running the country,” whom he felt often made decisions without comprehending the underlying science.

He died on July 1, 2018, at Tracy Nursing and Rehabilitation Center at the age of 96. Unfortunately, Dr. Bergun was just another name on the list of NASA whistleblowers who are forgotten and ignored due to a lack of followers and media attention

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14-10-2025 om 22:39 geschreven door peter