Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
29-09-2015
NASA opgericht om wereldbevolking te misleiden ( VIDEO )
NASA opgericht om wereldbevolking te misleiden ( VIDEO )
De persconferentie waar de hele wereld naar uit had zitten kijken, werd het zoveelste fabeltje voor een goedgelovige bevolking.
Er is water ontdekt op Mars, maar wij zijn en blijven het enige tot nu toe ontdekte leven in het heelal.
Dit is de eindconclusie van de “spannende” Mars persconferentie:
,,Tot nu toe zijn wij het enige bewijs van leven, hier op aarde. Zelfs wij weten niet zeker hoe wij zijn ontstaan, dus kun je nagaan hoe moeilijk het is om erachter te komen hoe en of er leven op Mars is (geweest).''
Het thema van de persconferentie was dat er vloeibaar water was ontdekt op Mars en hoewel dit een sterke aanwijzing is dat er op z'n minst in ieder geval leven is geweest op deze planeet, blijft de eindconclusie van NASA dat wij helemaal alleen zijn in het oneindige heelal.
NASA is wat dit soort zaken betreft verre van betrouwbaar waarover wij onder meer schreven in een eerder artikel:
Sinds de oprichting van NASA in 1958 is er alles aan gedaan om de occulte oorsprong van dit instituut voor het publiek verborgen te houden. De oorsprong die direct leidt naar wat men wel het “slechtste mens ooit” op aarde noemt, Alistair Crowley.
De hoogste rangen binnen NASA werden gedomineerd door leden van de geheime genootschappen zoals de Vrijmetselaars en voormalige Nazi’s, waarvan de meest bekende Wernher von Braun is.
Dat alles wat NASA aan het grote publiek vertelt, gebaseerd is op leugens en dat ze met de technologie zoals ze die tonen aan de buitenwereld nog niet eens de Van Allen Gordel kunnen passeren met bemande ruimtevluchten.
Zoals een lezer schrijft (dank!):
Onderstaand filmpje waarin NASA zelf bevestigt hoe goed ze bezig zijn! Ze kunnen nog steeds NIET door die van Allen Belts! Dus die hele maanlanding is HOAX bewezen.
En inderdaad, wanneer je de onderstaande video bekijkt, dan valt je mond open van verbazing.
Terry Virts, de commandant van het Internationale Ruimtestation, weet te vertellen dat de volgende stap in de ontdekking van de ruimte de lancering van de Orion module is met zwaardere raketten waardoor bemande vluchten buiten de atmosfeer van de aarde mogelijk zullen worden.
Hij zegt dus letterlijk dat wij als mensen op dit moment alleen maar in een baan om de aarde kunnen vliegen!
Hij vertelt bovendien dat als wij eenmaal in staat zullen zijn om bemande vluchten buiten de atmosfeer van de aarde te laten vliegen, wij zelfs naar de maan zouden kunnen gaan.
Het is dan de Orion capsule waarmee het allemaal moet gaan gebeuren. Waar het echter op lijkt is alsof ook die gebruikt zal worden voor een nieuwe ronde van sprookjes voor het grote publiek.
Zoals dezelfde lezer schrijft:
Nu wordt het echt interessant: onderstaand filmpje over de Orion capsule die gelanceerd is (ze bevestigen het gewoon zelf dat ze nog steeds geen mensen erdoorheen kunnen sturen!) en 2e filmpje hoe die zogenaamd weer terug is gekomen!!!!
Let op de details van 2e filmpje bij 1.52 min. zo grappig! Als die capsule zo'n hitte heeft meegemaakt (!) how the fuck kan dat Amerikaanse vlaggetje dan zo mooi erop zitten... Echt niet logisch om die eerst erop te plakken als ze er nog heen moeten varen en gezien hoe die is gebouwd en dan pas te shooten..al zie ik ze ervoor aan! ...een HOAX.
Ook NASA is niets meer dan een instrument om het publiek sprookjes te vertellen en af te leiden zodat ze vooral de waarheid niet te weten zullen komen.
Iets waar ook de eerder genoemde lezer van overtuigd is:
Als grote fan van uw site kon ik het niet laten aanvullend te reageren op uw laatste NASA bericht:
Mijn hobby is al jaren o.a. conspiracy theories uit te pluizen en weerleggen met de feiten. De NWO is een feit en duidelijk: als je nog dieper de rabbit hole in gaat kom je uit op Antartica. We mogen er nog steeds niet heen of overheen en er staan daar gigantisch veel onderzoekgebouwen op oude grote bunkers van Hitler.
Afgezien van prins Harry en onze Willem die er heen zijn gegaan, hoor je alleen maar sprookjes!
De NASA is duidelijk een zeer sterk super vergevorderd dekmanteltje: er gaan honderden miljarden ergens naar toe, waarschijnlijk de meest fantastische projecten, maar gaat zeker niet op aan die filmpjes industrie die zo'n leuke plaatjes van onze aarde en het heelal inkleuren, of onderwater feestjes en vluchtjes met een G force om te laten zien dat we vooral goed bezig zijn....
Hou toch op lieve mensen met je NASA! Enfin kan pagina's vullen van Generaal Bird zijn expedities tot aan de ufootjes die Hitler al had.
Gigantische sigaren van 1 of 2 km lang maken ze ik weet niet hoe breed met wel 2000 man aan boord!
UFO Descends Near Moon During Eclipse, Sept 2015, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Descends Near Moon During Eclipse, Sept 2015, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Springfield, Massachusetts, USA Location of sighting: Sept 27, 2015 Source: MUFON #70934 Here is a cool sighting of an object near the moon during the eclipse. The object was seen with the naked eye and in the photo it looks like a partially visible disk. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com Eyewitness states: My husband and I kept going outside to see the different phases of the eclipse last night (Sept. 27 2015) We saw that high above the moon was a very bright object. Very very bright, we thought maybe it was a planet or star or something like that. Then we realized it looked like it was reflecting the light of the moon. Over 20-25 minutes it descended and then was just gone. I took several pictures of it with my cell phone. We have a friend in Colorado who was also watching the eclipse and he didn't see anything in the sky like what we saw. At first I assumed it was some natural phenomenon but the more we watched the less it looked like anything else I have ever seen in the sky. Looking back at the pictures I still can't be sure what it is, that is why I am filing this report. We looked outside every few minutes, it kept getting lower and lower...seemingly closer to the moon and then it disappeared. I made a collage photo of some of the different elevations...the third pic in the collage is just a cropped version of one of the others. I have several pics on my phone if you would like anymore. I added one of the single pictures, currently having trouble uploading the rest...but i have them and can send later if you want them.
V-Shaped UFO hovered just below big dipper in Plush, Oregon On Sept 24, 2015, UFO Sighting News.
V-Shaped UFO hovered just below big dipper in Plush, Oregon On Sept 24, 2015, UFO Sighting News
Date of sighting: Sept 24, 2015 Location of sighting: Plush, Oregon, USA Source: MUFON report #70932 Another V shaped UFO report, this time coming in from Oregon, however this sighting took place 3 days before the California sightings did and this person saw several of the objects. Perhaps the UFO was hiding out in the Oregon forest for a few days. Then headed to CA on the 27th. Scott C. Waring www.ufosighthingsdaily.com Eyewitness states: Camped on Beatty's Butte east of Hart Mountain national antelope refuge while on an offroad motorcycle tour. We were just going to bed when an extremely bright white light appeared in the western sky as if an aircraft with landing lights was flying directly towards us. No sound was heard for the duration of the sighting. Suddenly, one at a time, bright orange lights dropped out the area where the bright light had been. The orange lights faded away almost immediately, much faster than a typical flare drop from a military aircraft and much brighter. The same image suddenly appeared north west of the initial sighting. The same bright white light with orange lights dropping out of it happened. The same series of lights appeared again where the original craft had been and one more time to the northwest. Creepy was the word we both used to describe the sighting as there was no sound and the lights, if known military would have been audible. We did not have a fire or any other indication that we were camped out there but we have been through this country many times and witnessed low flying military aircraft presumably from the Kingsley Air National Guard base in Klamath Falls, OR. The area is also known as the Catlow Valley and is some of the most remote uninhabited parts of the lower forty eight states just north of the Nevada border. We would very much like to know if there was any military training going on in the area at that time.
Giant UFO V-Shaped Over Los Angeles, CA On Sept 27, 2015, UFO Sighting News.
Giant UFO V-Shaped Over Los Angeles, CA On Sept 27, 2015, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Sept 27, 2015 Location of sighting: Los Angeles, California, USA This is the third report of this V-shaped UFO over a third city in California. I must have been huge to have been seen by so many from so far. On this photo, you can see there is a long body at one end of the V...making it look more like it is Y-shaped. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com Eyewitness states: I and a group of people from my neighborhood were gathered at a street corner in an attempt to view the Sept. 28 lunar eclipse and "blood moon" event. We saw the lunar disc disappear and waited several moments for the next phase, but after about 20 minutes with nothing much happening, compounded by high clouds, all my companions departed. I remained hoping to see the lunar disc return, but then noticed, in the darkness sky, a strange, faint cloud grouping almost directly across my viewing position and seemingly positioned above a house chimney. I could just make up strange angles vary dissimilar from the other basically horizontal cloud formations.Using my Samsung Android Note II cellphone I took several photos. Within a few minutes the "cloud formation" had dissolved. Then when looking at the cellphone photos, it revealed a more detailed image including those that also showed a sharp beam of light seemingly emitted from the tip of the rocket shaped central body and a pair of what looked very much like large whale flippers protruding from its sides. There were no sounds heard. Since distance was unknown, size was also unknown, though the impression was of large dimensions.
Date of sighting: Sept 27, 2015 Location of sighting: Carson, California, USA Here is a better photo of the V shaped UFO over CA. I say UFO, because is looks like it sank into the clouds from above and pushed the clouds downward, in a V shape, because the UFO is V shaped. This shape is very similar to what thousand of people saw over Phoenix, Arizona long ago. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com Eyewitness states: Bizarre! V-shaped cloud in the form of training courses, after harvest, Lunar Eclipse tonight. I've never seen anything like that before, so I took pictures. Others and I have witnessed the formation of clouds, could not explain how it was formed. It was a strange cloud formation, especially how it kept its perfect form for about 35 min. there were other clouds in the sky tonight, but none had this shape as it was.
Giant Grey V UFO Seen Over Several Cities In California On Sept 27, 2015, UFO Sighting News.
Giant Grey V UFO Seen Over Several Cities In California On Sept 27, 2015, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Sept 27, 2015 Location of sighting: Across California, USA Source: MUFON This V shaped UFO was seen hovering in the sky over California last night. It was seen in many cities in California. Reports are still coming in. I will try to get them up ASAP. I believe that because so many people were busy looking at the night sky to see to Lunar eclipse that aliens may have been interested in our...interest. We are low level thinkings, but at this moment, many were thinking about a high level phenomenon beyond Earth. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com One eyewitness states (#70928): Driving home after dinner with wife and baby... time was 8:40pm and while driving north on CA 133 from Laguna Beach CA to Irvine CA (Quail Hill) area, noticed a massive V shaped cloud over a what appears to be a very large area of southern Orange County. My wife took several photos of which one has been included. I had to adjust lighting/contrast to get the V to become visible. The photo was taken with an iPhone and because it was dark outside, it is not too clear. I observed the cloud for about an hour as it was stationery. Both sides of the V were identical in length and in thickness. The "cloud" seemed to be separated from surrounding clouds by a clear margin all the way around, as if the V was pushing aside all other cloud. During the hour that I was watching the "V", the low level clouds around it would change shape, move away, dissipate and do normal cloud things, except the "V" always stood still and always managed to maintain a margin of clear sky around it. I was getting tired and went to bed. Around 9:45.
Here’s a new footage of a huge craft with bright lights that was hovering in the night sky above Brighton in United Kingdom. This happened yesterday (28th September 2015).
Strange activity over Vero Beach, Florida 25-Sep-2015
Strange activity over Vero Beach, Florida 25-Sep-2015
Vero Beach UFOs
Here’s one interesting UFO video of a two bright objects that were hovering in the sky above Vero Beach in Florida. This was filmed on 25th September 2015.
Who Were the Ancient GIANTS With Six-Fingers and Double Rows of Teeth?
Who Were the Ancient GIANTS With Six-Fingers and Double Rows of Teeth?
Similar tales are told by the Sumerians. They speak of “fallen angels” they know as Gods who lived among them and taught them the way of civilized life. This similar belief is present with the Romans, Greeks, Mayans, Egyptians and Incan civilizations.
Evidence of these ancient giants is present in Old Township and county records. Most include quotes from old letters and diaries going back as far as the 1700s. In that time period, theories regarding the origin of life on Earth mainly relied on creationist views. Those who dug up giant skeletons were astonished by their findings, believing they had stumbled upon the cursed remains of unholy creatures.
Some believed various earthworks were not built by ancestors of the Native Americans, but rather during a more remote period of time that was characterized by a very different social order.
It is said that from the eighteenth century to even the twentieth century, giant skeletons were routinely found in mounds and caves throughout North America by amateur excavators. These discoveries are more concentrated around the Ohio Valley, which was the epicenter of Native American life. According to the original eyewitnesses, it was here that intrepid settlers discovered giant skeletons and numerous irreplaceable artifacts. These settlers had a great interest in discovering the true history. It is said that many of these giant skeletons were exposed to the elements and as a result moldered away into the soil hours or days after the exposure. The skeletal remains of these ancient giants not only reveal their height but characteristics that can only be described as bizarre and unusual.
The average giant is approximately 50% taller and at least 100% larger than the typical human being. It is believed they could carry at least 6 times as much weight as a normal man. It was common for these giants to have remnants of red or blonde hair. Facial features included high foreheads, high cheekbones, extremely strong chins and some with a prominent gap between the two front teeth. The hair color and facial features are strongly related to the European culture.
Truly unusual characteristics include double dentition, meaning two sets of teeth. One was situated behind the other. The reasoning behind this is still not clarified but it is speculated that the purpose was to form a better grip on their food. Unique to the giants, is the existence of six digits, an extra finger on each hand and an extra toe on each foot. This trait has also been described in some Biblical accounts. Although more rare, some giant skeletons are said to have had horns which protruded from their head similar to those of a goat.
These horned skeletons were found in Pennsylvania in the 1880s and described as being seven feet tall with two inch horny projections extending from above the eyebrows. It was at that estimated time that the bodies had been buried around AD 1200. The remains were sent to the American Investigating Museum where it was later claimed that they were stolen.
Evidence suggesting the massive strength of these ancient giants has also been discovered. In an ancient copper mine located in North Wales, more than 2,500 sledge hammers were discovered. The largest sledge hammer found was noted to be 64 pounds. A hammer of this size is not known to have ever been manufactured. It is estimated that the handle of the sledge hammer had to be at least nine feet in length.
Despite the existing evidence of the giants’ existence, mainstream archaeology works to seal our imaginations by interpreting the past of North America as nothing other than usual in the way of characterized cultures. It is rumored that beneath the Vatican, many vaults contain the very contents responsible for filling our imaginations for countless generations. These contents are said to be the undeniable evidence that these ancient giants were the first inhibitors of our world.
Japans museum vindt topgeheim document waaruit blijkt dat ‘de FBI op vliegende schotels was gestuit’
Japans museum vindt topgeheim document waaruit blijkt dat ‘de FBI op vliegende schotels was gestuit’
De Amerikaanse federale recherche FBI was schijnbaar nogal bezorgd over de opening van het Hakui-centrum voor UFO-onderzoek in Japan, nadat medewerkers van het museum op een document waren gestuit dat erop zou wijzen dat de FBI drie vliegende schotels had gevonden.
Elk van deze objecten bevatte volgens de memo 90 centimeter lange bemanningsleden. De Amerikaanse overheid legde de documenten van het museum achter slot en grendel, wat koren op de molen was van complotdenkers.
Drie lichamen per object
Volgens de Journal Telegraph las de memo als volgt: “Een onderzoeker van de luchtmacht zegt dat drie zogenoemde vliegende schotels zijn ontdekt in New Mexico. De objecten hebben een ronde vorm met een verhoogd centrum, met een diameter van ongeveer 15 meter. In ieder object lagen drie lichamen met een menselijke vorm, maar slechts 90 centimeter lang, gekleed in een metaalachtig doek met fijne textuur. Ieder lichaam was ingezwachteld in een…”
“Volgens informant [naam zwart gemaakt] waren de schotels in New Mexico gevonden omdat de overheid een zeer krachtige radar in het gebied heeft. Men denkt dat de radar het besturingssysteem van de schotels heeft verstoord.”
10.000 officiële documenten
Het Hakui-museum wilde zowel specialisten als burgers toegang bieden tot meer dan 10.000 officiële documenten over UFO-fenomenen. De documenten zijn inmiddels door de FBI op internet gezet.
Schrijver Nigel Watson merkte op: “De FBI onderzocht tussen 1947 en juli 1950 op verzoek van de Amerikaanse luchtmacht de echtheid van UFO-meldingen. Ze werden dusdanig overspoeld met waarnemingen dat ze geregeld werden vernietigd omdat de FBI te weinig ruimte had om ze op te slaan.”
Une vue colorisée Les scientifiques croient que les stries sombres sont formées par l’eau liquide sur Mars.
(NASA / JPL / University of Arizona)
La NASA vient d’ annoncer ce lundi avoir trouvé une preuve encore plus flagrante de la présence d’eau liquide sur la planète rouge, augmentant la possibilité pour les astronautes voyageant vers Mars de pouvoir compter sur l’eau de la planète rouge pour leurs besoins de consommation.
Il peut vous sembler avoir entendu parler de la chasse à l’eau liquide sur Mars auparavant (et les chercheurs impliqués savent que cela peut paraitre « joué » . Mais la science n’a pas encore réellement prouvé une fois pour toutes que l’eau coule sur Mars, et cela pourrait complètement changer la façon dont nous considérons la planète. Ces nouvelles données sont un grand pas dans la bonne direction.
« L’eau liquide est un sujet sexy, et nous sommes comme la millième fois que quelqu’un a découvert de l’eau sur Mars, » a déclaré au Washinton Post Lujendra Ojha de l’Institut de Technologie de Georgie à Atlanta. Mais il y a une bonne raison à ce que l’eau liquide soit tellement « sexy » : Mars est maintenant la seule planète dans notre système solaire autre que le nôtre à montrer la preuve de la substance sur sa surface.
D’autres mondes en ont dans les océans souterrains, ou dispersés autour sous forme de vapeur dans l’atmosphère. Mais Mars est le seul endroit où nous avons des preuves solides que le liquide se trouve juste là à l’air libre.
Alors que ce serait un grand pas pour suggérer que Mars pourrait abriter la vie – même la vie microbienne – L’eau liquide au moins, rend possible que des parties de la planète soient habitables.
L’étude se fonde sur la recherche d’Avril dernier, lorsque les scientifiques en utilisant les données du rover Curiosity ont remarqué que la planète avait le potentiel saisonnier pour l’eau liquide. Nous savons qu’en raison de la très faible pression sur Mars, l’eau entre en ébullition au bout de quelques degrés Celsius, après quoi elle s’évapore. L’étude d’avril a démontré la présence de perchlorates – une sorte de sel – qui pourrait repousser considérablement le point d’ébullition de l’eau de Mars, ce qui lui permettrait théoriquement de rester liquide. Ils ont postulé que la température de la planète serait correcte pour de l’eau liquide remplie de perchlorate se forme tous les jours pendant l’hiver et le printemps.
Traînées sombres sur les pentes du cratère martien Garni. ces stries mesurent quelques centaines de mètres.
(NASA/JPL/University of Arizona)
En théorie, l’eau qui devient périodiquement liquide avant évaporation pourrait former les caractéristiques géographiques souvent repérées sur la planète.
Dans la nouvelle étude, publiée lundi dans la revue Nature Geoscience, un autre groupe de chercheurs a poussé la recherche sur les perchlorates un peu plus loin: Ils sont allés chercher dans les caractéristiques des stries qu’ils pensent avoir été formées par le saumure. Ils ont trouvé les perchlorates en abondance – et il semble que ces derniers aient été hydratés.
Ojha et ses collègues ont utilisé le robot Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) pour vérifier la composition chimique des stries d’apparence humide. Ils ont utilisé une technique appelée spectroscopie, qui conserve la trace des spectres de lumière absorbés par un objet afin de tirer des conclusions sur sa composition. Avec cette technique, les scientifiques peuvent identifier du verre, de la glace, et d’autres substances depuis des kilomètres au-dessus de la surface.
« Nous allons dans des endroits où nous pensions que nous voyions la présence d’eau et pensions trouver des preuves chimique de perchlorates, » dit Ojha. Et la corrélation va plus loin: Les sels hydratés semblent disparaître dans les zones où les trainées ne se forment plus ou diminuent.
«Nous observons les restes des molécules d’eau dans le sel», a déclaré Ojha. «Nous obtenons les preuves qu’elles sont hydratées. »
Morten Bo Madsen de l’Université de Copenhague – qui est co-auteur de l’étude d’avril, mais n’a pas participé aux derniers travaux- a déclaré que les nouveaux résultats ont été significatifs.
« [L’] écoulement de l’eau salée liquide n’est plus qu’une possibilité, il se produit effectivement, » a t -il dit au Post. « Les résultats montrent que le liquide circule réellement en effet sur Mars aujourd’hui. »
Le travail de Ojha confirme que sels hydratés semblent très susceptibles d’avoir quelque chose à voir avec la formation des stries semblant humides sur Mars.
Mais il y a encore beaucoup de travail à faire pour confirmer la présence d’eau liquide elle-même. Ojha a fait remarquer que la résolution du MRO est trop faible pour ramasser un grand nombre des petits échantillons « humides » sur Mars, et qu’un nouvel orbiter pourrait obtenir encore plus d’informations – surtout puisque le MRO ne nous permet d’examiner la surface de Mars qu’au point le plus sec dans la journée selon Ojha. Enfin il y a l’espoir qu’un rover puisse jeter un oeil de plus près aux stries elles-mêmes.
Si du liquide s’est véritablement formé sur la surface en raison de ces sels, il est toujours très volatile – il peut s’évaporer à seulement 20 degrés Celsius ou plus. Mais il pourrait avoir créé des poches sur la planète où les microbes peuvent survivre, même aujourd’hui.
Et en théorie, il pourrait être extrait et utilisé par les astronautes lors d’une mission vers Mars. Les Perchlorates pourraient être utiles par eux-mêmes, ils peuvent être utilisés pour faire du propergol.
« Si jamais nous y allons, nous pourrions probablement utiliser ça. Nous n’aurions pas à emporter des tonnes d’eau », a déclaré Ojha. « Ce truc ressemble à de la science-fiction, mais dans 100 ans ou plus ce pourrait être un fait. »
For a while now, there has been evidence that water has been found on Mars, but in what form? Thus far, it was discovered as subterranean in the form of ice. On September 24, 2015, NASA made an official announcement of a long-time mystery on Mars has been solved. In this author’s determination from experience, NASA has not been prone to overstating mission parameters at any time. This event is no different, as NASA has been diligent to invite to a media conference meeting a brief presentation from a panel of principals investigating the discovery:
NASA will detail a major science finding from the agency’s ongoing exploration of Mars during a news briefing at 11:30 a.m. EDT on Monday, Sept. 28 at the James Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in Washington. The event will be broadcast live on NASA Television and the agency’s website.
News conference participants will be:
· Jim Green, director of planetary science at NASA Headquarters
· Michael Meyer, lead scientist for the Mars Exploration Program at NASA Headquarters
· Lujendra Ojha of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta
· Mary Beth Wilhelm of NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California and the Georgia Institute of Technology
· Alfred McEwen, principal investigator for the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, University of Arizona, Tucson
A brief question-and-answer session will take place during the event with reporters on site and by phone. Members of the public also can ask questions during the briefing using #AskNASA.
It seems September has been the month for so much speculation, including conspiracy theories from asteroids striking the earth, a blood moon doomsday, a “Marshenge” (Stonehenge on Mars), alien life, CERN collider (creating a black hole) and the recent papal visit to the US. What timing, is all this author can say, who has spent the past month doing whatever possible to debunk and dispel such cataclysmic assumptions. As late as two days ago, some were even speculating this was a ploy by NASA to promote the new movie, “The Martian” with Matt Damon! If anything, it would be the movie proponents trying to time their media release with NASA! Please, is this the descent to the depths of conspiracy theories when an organization like NASA is under more scrutiny to “get it right” than almost any other department reporting to the government? Please, if in doubt, please research the real history of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its attention to the ultimate in detail.
Well, in the past hour the verdict is in and the media conference has verified that in certain conditions, liquid water has been found to exist on Mars. Please note that the term, liquid is stupendous! This is a huge benefit for upcoming manned Mars missions.
If anything, NASA should be greatly commended by every member of the public on this momentous discovery amid a tenuous, years-long number of missions with continuous scrutiny, research, experimentation, and just plain paying attention to every detail. Congratulations, NASA!
The following is a NASA YouTube video animation of the area where water tracks have been discovered with caption:
Uploaded on Sep 28, 2015
This animation simulates a fly-around look at one of the places on Mars where dark streaks advance down slopes during warm seasons, possibly involving liquid water. This site is within Hale Crater. The streaks are roughly the length of a football field.
The bottom line of this historic discovery is the future of space exploration is all the more plausible where water/ice is being discovered in more locations in our solar system. These are truly exciting times in which we live.
NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today's Mars
NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today's Mars
Dark, narrow streaks on Martian slopes such as these at Hale Crater are inferred to be formed by seasonal flow of water on contemporary Mars. The streaks are roughly the length of a football field. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona › Full image and caption
New findings from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) provide the strongest evidence yet that liquid water flows intermittently on present-day Mars.
Using an imaging spectrometer on MRO, researchers detected signatures of hydrated minerals on slopes where mysterious streaks are seen on the Red Planet. These darkish streaks appear to ebb and flow over time. They darken and appear to flow down steep slopes during warm seasons, and then fade in cooler seasons. They appear in several locations on Mars when temperatures are above minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 23 Celsius), and disappear at colder times.
"Our quest on Mars has been to 'follow the water,' in our search for life in the universe, and now we have convincing science that validates what we've long suspected," said John Grunsfeld, astronaut and associate administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. "This is a significant development, as it appears to confirm that water -- albeit briny -- is flowing today on the surface of Mars."
These downhill flows, known as recurring slope lineae (RSL), often have been described as possibly related to liquid water. The new findings of hydrated salts on the slopes point to what that relationship may be to these dark features. The hydrated salts would lower the freezing point of a liquid brine, just as salt on roads here on Earth causes ice and snow to melt more rapidly. Scientists say it's likely a shallow subsurface flow, with enough water wicking to the surface to explain the darkening.
"We found the hydrated salts only when the seasonal features were widest, which suggests that either the dark streaks themselves or a process that forms them is the source of the hydration. In either case, the detection of hydrated salts on these slopes means that water plays a vital role in the formation of these streaks," said Lujendra Ojha of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in Atlanta, lead author of a report on these findings published Sept. 28 by Nature Geoscience.
Ojha first noticed these puzzling features as a University of Arizona undergraduate student in 2010, using images from the MRO's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE). HiRISE observations now have documented RSL at dozens of sites on Mars. The new study pairs HiRISE observations with mineral mapping by MRO's Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM).
The spectrometer observations show signatures of hydrated salts at multiple RSL locations, but only when the dark features were relatively wide. When the researchers looked at the same locations and RSL weren't as extensive, they detected no hydrated salt.
Ojha and his co-authors interpret the spectral signatures as caused by hydrated minerals called perchlorates. The hydrated salts most consistent with the chemical signatures are likely a mixture of magnesium perchlorate, magnesium chlorate and sodium perchlorate. Some perchlorates have been shown to keep liquids from freezing even when conditions are as cold as minus 94 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 70 Celsius). On Earth, naturally produced perchlorates are concentrated in deserts, and some types of perchlorates can be used as rocket propellant.
Perchlorates have previously been seen on Mars. NASA's Phoenix lander and Curiosity rover both found them in the planet's soil, and some scientists believe that the Viking missions in the 1970s measured signatures of these salts. However, this study of RSL detected perchlorates, now in hydrated form, in different areas than those explored by the landers. This also is the first time perchlorates have been identified from orbit.
MRO has been examining Mars since 2006 with its six science instruments.
"The ability of MRO to observe for multiple Mars years with a payload able to see the fine detail of these features has enabled findings such as these: first identifying the puzzling seasonal streaks and now making a big step towards explaining what they are," said Rich Zurek, MRO project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
For Ojha, the new findings are more proof that the mysterious lines he first saw darkening Martian slopes five years ago are, indeed, present-day water.
"When most people talk about water on Mars, they're usually talking about ancient water or frozen water," he said. "Now we know there's more to the story. This is the first spectral detection that unambiguously supports our liquid water-formation hypotheses for RSL."
The discovery is the latest of many breakthroughs by NASA's Mars missions.
"It took multiple spacecraft over several years to solve this mystery, and now we know there is liquid water on the surface of this cold, desert planet," said Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA's Mars Exploration Program at the agency's headquarters in Washington. "It seems that the more we study Mars, the more we learn how life could be supported and where there are resources to support life in the future."
There are eight co-authors of the Nature Geoscience paper, including Mary Beth Wilhelm at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California and Georgia Tech; CRISM Principal Investigator Scott Murchie of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland; and HiRISE Principal Investigator Alfred McEwen of the University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory in Tucson, Arizona. Others are at Georgia Tech, the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, and Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique in Nantes, France.
The agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, a division of the California Institute of Technology, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin built the orbiter and collaborates with JPL to operate it.
More information about NASA's journey to Mars is available online at:
In 1970, Friedman left full-time employment as a physicist to pursue the scientific investigation of UFO's. Since then, he has given lectures at more than 600 colleges and to more than 100 professional groups in 50 states, nine provinces, and 16 countries outside the USA.[2] Additionally, he has worked as a consultant on the topic. He has published more than 80 UFO-related papers and has appeared on many radio and television programs.[2] He has also provided written testimony to Congressional hearings and appeared twice at the United Nations.[2][3]
Friedman has consistently favoured use of the term "flying saucer" in his work, saying "Flying saucers are, by definition, unidentified flying objects, but very few unidentified flying objects are flying saucers. I am interested in the latter, not the former."[2] Friedman used to refer to himself as "The Flying Saucer Physicist", because of his degrees in nuclear physics and work on nuclear projects.[3]
Friedman was the first civilian to document the site of the Roswell UFO incident,[4] and supports the hypothesis that it was a genuine crash of an extraterrestrial spacecraft.[5] In 1968 Friedman told a committee of the U.S. House of Representatives that the evidence suggests that Earth is being visited by intelligently controlled extraterrestrial vehicles.[6]Friedman also stated he believed that UFO sightings were consistent with magnetohydrodynamic propulsion.
In 1996, after researching and fact checking the Majestic 12 documents, Friedman said that there was no substantive grounds for dismissing their authenticity.[7]
In 2004, on George Noory's Coast to Coast radio show, Friedman debated Seth Shostak, the SETI Institute's Senior Astronomer. Like Friedman, Shostak also believes in the existence of intelligent life other than humans; however, unlike Friedman, he doesn't believe such life is now on Earth or is related to UFO sightings.[8]
Friedman has hypothesized that UFOs may originate from relatively nearby sunlike stars.[2](p. 217)
A piece of evidence that he often cites with respect to this hypothesis is the 1964 star map drawn by alleged alien abducteeBetty Hill during a hypnosis session, which she said was shown to her during her abduction. Astronomer Marjorie Fish constructed a three-dimensional map of nearby sun-like stars and claimed a good match from the perspective of Zeta Reticuli, about 39 light years distant. The fit of the Hill/Fish star maps was hotly debated in the December 1974 edition of Astronomy Magazine,[9][10] with Friedman and others defending the statistical validity of the match.
Friedman has stated strong views against SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) research. Friedman contests the implicit premise of SETI that there has been no extraterrestrial visitation of the planet, because it is his claim that SETI is seeking only signals, not extraterrestrial intelligence or beings. He maintains that the prominence and widespread public claims of those involved with SETI have tended to prevent serious research, including research by journalists, of UFOs.[2](p. 129)
Friedman has criticized Carl Sagan, a proponent of SETI, for ignoring empirical evidence, such as "600-plus UNKNOWNS" of Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14. Friedman argued that this empirical data directly contradicts Sagan's claim in Other Worlds that the "reliable cases are uninteresting and the interesting cases are unreliable". Specifically, Friedman refers to a table in Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14 that he says "shows that the better the quality of the sighting, the more likely it was to be an 'unknown', and the less likely it was to be listed as containing 'insufficient information'" [2](p. 42).
Friedman says of the response to his talks, "I know that most people are unfamiliar with the several large-scale scientific studies... because I ask, after I show a slide and ask about each one, 'How many here have read this?' Typically it is only one or two percent." He says that a talk he gave to Canadian journalists in Saint John, New Brunswick, caused the attitudes of the journalists to change because "Attendees had had no idea there was so much solid information, as opposed to the tabloid nonsense they thought was the primary source of UFO data." (p. 202)[2]
Friedman has argued that the majority of people believe UFOs exist and at least some groups of scientists do as well. Friedman (2008) refers to the following data in support of his position:[7]
Gallup Polls between 1966 and 1987 asked respondents the question: "Are UFOs something real, or just people's imagination?". Of those who took a position one way or the other, 61%, 64%, 68% and 60% took the position they are real in 1966, 1977, 1978 and 1987, respectively.
With respect to scientists, a poll was taken by Industrial Research and Development in 1971 and 1979. Of the respondents who took a position, 64% and 69% stated they believed UFOs either probably or definitely exist. Of this subgroup, 32% and 44% considered their origin to be Outer Space in 1971 and 1979, respectively. Of the rest of this subgroup, approximately half believed them to be natural phenomena and half were "undecided".
Dr. Peter Sturrock also polled the membership of the American Astronomical Society and found that "the greater the amount of time one spent on reading UFO-related material, the more likely one is to accept their reality" (p. 210).[2]
Friedman is outspoken in his articulation of positions and in his criticism of UFO debunkers, often stating he is not an "apologist ufologist". His positions are regarded as controversial in mainstream science and media, but Friedman claims to have received little opposition at his many lectures, most of which have been at colleges and universities, many to engineering societies and other groups of physicists.[2] (p. 24) He has had a number of debates in the mainstream media, including one with UFO skeptic Michael Shermer on CNN.
Friedman has been criticized both by skeptics and other Roswell researchers for taking the position that there are no substantive grounds for dismissing the authenticity of someMajestic 12 documents. Friedman himself was the first to provide evidence that some of the documents are clearly hoaxes. For example, he showed that a supposed memo from Admiral Hillenkoetter to President Truman, dated February 17, 1948, was actually the emulation of a letter from Marshall to Roosevelt that was featured in the book The American MAGIC. Friedman has researched the MJ-12 documents since first becoming aware of them from Wiliam Moore and Jaime Shandera in 1984.[2][11] He addressed criticisms of the original documents in both sources. As an example, Philip J. Klass claimed lexicographic inconsistencies based on the use of Pica typeface in the Cutler-Twining memo and offered $100, in a challenge to Friedman, for each legitimate example of the use of the same style and size Pica type as used in the memo. Friedman provided 14 examples and was paid $1000 by Klass.[2]
2 DVDs - FLYING SAUCERS ARE REAL DVD (NOT VHS) Vol. 1, 1993 Video 84 min. (Filmed at Kennedy Space Center) and FLYING SAUCERS ARE REAL Vol. 2, 1996 75 min for a Total Length of 168 minutes.
2006 151 Minute 2 disc DVD set "UFO SECRET MJ-12: Do You Believe in Majic?". "Includes Canadian TV Broadcast "Do You Believe in Majic?" (Mostly Stan Friedman vs. Karl Pflock + Stan Friedman's Lecture at Aztec 2003 about Roswell and MJ-12++ outtakes from DYBM.
RECOLLECTIONS OF ROSWELL DVD 105 min. Featuring testimony from 27 Roswell witnesses.
Debate "Are Flying Saucers Real?" VHS 2 Hrs. 2 Hour formal Debate STF vs. USAF Pilot Major James Magaha. Middle Tenn. State Univ. January 2004. Includes Q & A.
^ Jump up to:abFriedman, S.T. (1996). Top Secret/MAJIC: Operation Majestic-12 and the United States Government's UFO Cover-Up. New York: Marlowe & Company. ISBN 978-1-56924-342-8
Beach Disappears Down Mysterious Hole in Australia
Beach Disappears Down Mysterious Hole in Australia
If you thought sharks, bugs and people too large to be wearing thongs were the only scary things you’ll encounter at the beach … here’s one more that may top (or possibly sink) them all. A beach at Inskip Point near Fraser Island in Queensland, Australia, disappeared down a hole, taking with it cars, vans, trucks, tents and sand. The hole keeps getting bigger as people and other vehicles are evacuated. What’s going down Down Under?
A $150,000 camper was quickly swallowed by the mysterious beach hole
Local media reports the mysterious disturbance causing the hole was first felt by nearby fishermen.
There was fishermen apparently nearby who said there was this noise and the next thing the sand just started moving out to sea.
Witnesses say the hole opened at around 10 p.m. on September 26th and immediately began swallowing vehicles, tents and camping gear at the MV Beagle campsite. Campers were terrified as it quickly consumed everything in sight.
… [i]) sounded like a thunder noise … it was amazing to see … people were basically on the edge of it with their van, trying to madly get their vans out.
Witnesses looking for their cars and tents in the ever-expanding hole
Over 300 people were evacuated as the hole quickly grew to 200 meters by 100 meters by over 10 meters in depth and showed no signs of stopping. As other nearby campsites were warned to stay away and possibly prepare to leave, experts tried to determine what happened.
Inskip Point has a history of small sinkholes and Queensland recently experienced some earthquakes, but geotechical engineer Allison Golsby did not see a link or possible cause.
This area has a history where sinkholes occur regularly, it is something to do with the way sediments are formed and the way water moves through the Earth over millions of years or thousands of years. An earthquake can trigger a sinkhole from a cavity but it has to basically happen on the day or in a very close time frame to the earthquake. In this case I don’t see the link.
Smithsonian Admits to Destruction of Thousands of Giant Human Skeletons in Early 1900′s
Smithsonian Admits to Destruction of Thousands of Giant Human Skeletons in Early 1900′s
A US Supreme Court ruling has forced the Smithsonian institution to release classified papers dating from the early 1900′s that proves the organization was involved in a major historical cover up of evidence showing giants human remains in the tens of thousands had been uncovered all across America and were ordered to be destroyed by high level administrators to protect the mainstream chronology of human evolution at the time.
The allegations stemming from the American Institution of Alternative Archaeology (AIAA) that the Smithsonian Institution had destroyed thousands of giant human remains during the early 1900′s was not taken lightly by the Smithsonian who responded by suing the organization for defamation and trying to damage the reputation of the 168-year old institution.
During the court case, new elements were brought to light as several Smithsonian whistle blowers admitted to the existence of documents that allegedly proved the destruction of tens of thousands of human skeletons reaching between 6 feet and 12 feet in height, a reality mainstream archaeology can not admit to for different reasons, claims AIAA spokesman, James Churward.
There has been a major cover up by western archaeological institutions since the early 1900′s to make us believe that America was first colonized by Asian peoples migrating through the Bering Strait 15,000 years ago, when in fact, there are hundreds of thousands of burial mounds all over America which the Natives claim were there a long time before them, and that show traces of a highly developed civilization, complex use of metal alloys and where giant human skeleton remains are frequently found but still go unreported in the media and news outlets, he explains.
A giant human femur uncovered in Ohio in 2011 by the American Association for Alternative Archaeology, similar to the evidence presented in court
A turning point of the court case was when a 1.3 meter long human femur bone was shown as evidence in court of the existence of such giant human bones. The evidence came as a blow to the Smithsonian’s lawyers as the bone had been stolen from the Smithsonian by one of their high level curators in the mid 1930′s who had kept the bone all his life and which had admitted on his deathbed in writing of the undercover operations of the Smithsonian.
«It is a terrible thing that is being done to the American people» he wrote in the letter. «We are hiding the truth about the forefathers of humanity, our ancestors, the giants who roamed the earth as recalled in the Bible and ancient texts of the world.
The US Supreme Court has since forced the Smithsonian Institution to publicly release classified information about anything related to the “destruction of evidence pertaining to the mound builder culture” and to elements “relative to human skeletons of greater height than usual”, a ruling the AIAA is extremely enthused about.
«The public release of these documents will help archaeologists and historians to reevaluate current theories about human evolution and help us greater our understanding of the mound builder culture in America and around the world» explains AIAA director, Hans Guttenberg. «Finally, after over a century of lies, the truth about our giant ancestors shall be revealed to the world» he acknowledges, visibly satisfied by the court ruling.
The documents are scheduled to be released in 2015 and the operation will be coordinated by an independent scientific organization to assure political neutrality.
Japan UFO Research Center Has Top Secret Roswell Memo On Display Upsetting US
Japan UFO Research Center Has Top Secret Roswell Memo On Display Upsetting US
A top secret Memo has appeared in a Japanese UFO research center and it has conspiracy theorists abuzz. The document which was sent to the director of the then FBI in Washington.
The document "below" states that not one but three metalic saucer "disc" shaped flying "Identified" flying craft landed in New Mexico "Roswell" and that small alien bodies were recovered.
This story now coincides with what heavily criticized UFO whistle blower Bob Lazar stated in his claims that Area 51 had "Three" disc shaped crafts, only recently was Bob Lazar proved right when he first stated that a fuel called "Element 115" was in an extraterrestrial craft he was signed to backtrack on its technology, for years the government stated he was lying and there is no such thing as element 115, but now its been acknowledged that an element 115 has been created which proves he was stating the truth.
Bob Lazer also appeared in a YouTube video where the judge read out his qualifications and job experience in a court case and the judge stated everything he did as "FACT" and true, working in S4 in Area51 and that his education which was wiped of the system was not wiped off the judges sheets as she acknowledged his impressive education as "FACT" now he has been proven right and he did blow the whole entire above top secret base in Nevada US know as Area51 and its different compounds and facilities plus the amount of floors it had.
The "facts" are!
1 - he stated 3 discs - This doc stated 3 discs.
2 - he stated Element 115- New Pattent states the creation of Element 115
3 - His education history and employment history acknowledged by a judge in a court case.
4 - He claimed there was a base in Nevada called Area 51 and its secret compounds including his hanger S4 - Last Year President Obama acknowledged Area51 with help of his Extraterrestrial believer adviser John Podesta who are in this pic flying on Airforce One "BELOW".
Slowly we are being led to the brink of extraterrestrial disclosure and all the fingers point to a NWO "new world order" for this to be acknowledged! as a 1 world order will share the technology the US was scared of going into the wrong hands and used as war weapons! the one world order means 1 government, one police and military and above all one understanding, then ET acknowledgemnt will be implemented for the entire planet, but until this NWO gets put in place the public will be fed NASA updates on places like Mars and so on for signs of microbial or ancient intelligence on the red planet.
{ http://ufodisclosureireland.blogspot.co.uk/ }
28-09-2015 om 19:55
geschreven door peter
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:News from the FRIENDS of facebook ( ENG )
Breaking: NASA Confirms Existence of Liquid Saltwater on Mars
Breaking: NASA Confirms Existence of Liquid Saltwater on Mars
Mosaic of the Valles Marineris hemisphere of Mars projected into point perspective, a view similar to that which one would see from a spacecraft. (Photo: NASA/JPL)
Images of the Martian surface sent back by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) are helping scientists confirm a mystery that has long been pondered and debated: Is there liquid water on Mars? And if so, can it be a factor in sustaining life?
The short answer: Yes. Thanks to findings published today in the scientific journal Nature Geoscience, scientists now know there is salty liquid water flowing seasonally on Mars’ surface.
The news is also being confirmed by an announcement from NASA HQ by Jim Green, director of planetary science; Michael Meyer, lead scientist for the Mars Exploration Program; and Mary Beth Wilhelm of NASA’s Ames Research Center.
How did they make this discovery? After analyzing the planet’s features based on density and light absorption over the past few years, scientists have noticed dark streaking on the surface that points to the existence of rivers and streams. Today, their new observations show a directional tide and flow to these areas, which are cyclical and coincide with warmer seasons. This indicates freeze and thaw—a sure sign of the existence of liquid water.
Dark narrow streaks called recurring slope lineae emanating out of the walls of Garni crater on Mars. The dark streaks here are up to a few hundred meters in length and are hypothesized to be formed by the flow of salt water.
(Photo: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona)
The current presence of this essential building block for life has astrobiological and geological implications that will affect how we approach human exploration and future colonization of our neighboring world.
The potential for continuing life on Mars in any form heavily depends on whether liquid water can exist on the surface. Current conditions indicate that in order for organisms to survive on the planet, they would have to be in a state of hibernation during the winter when all traces of water would freeze. While this process may be familiar to what we experience on Earth, the water itself is far more dense and may appear gelatinous in its liquid form.
Various salts have been detected on Mars along the darker streaks where water may flow. These salts can lower the freezing point of water and lower the evaporation rate, increasing the possibility of a consistent liquid state during the warmer seasons—a condition that could set the stage for an active biological process.
Scientists have always theorized that the dark streaks—known as recurring slope lineae (RSL)—appear on the surface when the temperature is warmer and fade when the temperature drops due to the presence of liquid water.
Spectral imaging from a tool called the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) aboard the Orbiter now proves the streaks are in fact caused by downhill-flowing salty water.
Left: Recurring slope lineae on a central peak of Hale Crater. Right: Recurring slope lineae in Coprates Chasma.
The CRISM instrument has collected data from four different locations where RSL are present and found evidence of hydrated salts at all four locations in the seasons when recurring slope lineae are most prominent.
The discovery of these hydrated salts supports the theory that the RSL form as a result of current water activity on Mars.
Two of the primary authors of the paper detailing these new findings, Alfred McEwen and Lujendra Ojha, have been searching for definitive proof of liquid water on the Martian surface for the past few years.
Mr. Ojha, a Ph.D. candidate in planetary science at Georgia Tech, previously made headlines as an undergrad at the University of Arizona where he co-authored a study with Mr. McEwen that suggested liquid water flowed during the warmer months on Mars.
Mr. Ohja noticed unusual features on the images from a study by UA researcher Colin Dundas that looked at gullies in Mars craters. After cleaning up the images by using a computer algorithm to remove distortions and shadows, Mr. Ohja was able to show changes in the landscape over time that revealed the dark streaks. This was the first indication of possible flowing salt water on Mars.
This series of images from a slope on the Newton crater shows warm-season features that might be evidence of salty liquid water active on Mars today.
(Photo: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona)
After the NASA news conference back in 2011, Mr. Ojha said, “There’s going to be years of research put into this to even prove that this is definitely a proof of water. And from that, we can move on: O.K. if this is water, what are the chances that life could be in these kinds of surroundings?”
It seems that just four years later, Mr. Ohja has his proof.
Robin Seemangal focuses on NASA and advocacy for space exploration. He was born and raised in Brooklyn, where he currently resides. Find him onInstagram for more space-related content: @not_gatsby
NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today’s Mars
NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today’s Mars
New findings from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) provide the strongest evidence yet that liquid water flows intermittently on present-day Mars.
Using an imaging spectrometer on MRO, researchers detected signatures of hydrated minerals on slopes where mysterious streaks are seen on the Red Planet. These darkish streaks appear to ebb and flow over time. They darken and appear to flow down steep slopes during warm seasons, and then fade in cooler seasons. They appear in several locations on Mars when temperatures are above minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 23 Celsius), and disappear at colder times.
These dark, narrow, 100 meter-long streaks called recurring slope lineae flowing downhill on Mars are inferred to have been formed by contemporary flowing water. Recently, planetary scientists detected hydrated salts on these slopes at Hale crater, corroborating their original hypothesis that the streaks are indeed formed by liquid water. The blue color seen upslope of the dark streaks are thought not to be related to their formation, but instead are from the presence of the mineral pyroxene. The image is produced by draping an orthorectified (Infrared-Red-Blue/Green(IRB)) false color image (ESP_030570_1440) on a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the same site produced by High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (University of Arizona). Vertical exaggeration is 1.5. Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
“Our quest on Mars has been to ‘follow the water,’ in our search for life in the universe, and now we have convincing science that validates what we’ve long suspected,” said John Grunsfeld, astronaut and associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. “This is a significant development, as it appears to confirm that water — albeit briny — is flowing today on the surface of Mars.”
These downhill flows, known as recurring slope lineae (RSL), often have been described as possibly related to liquid water. The new findings of hydrated salts on the slopes point to what that relationship may be to these dark features. The hydrated salts would lower the freezing point of a liquid brine, just as salt on roads here on Earth causes ice and snow to melt more rapidly. Scientists say it’s likely a shallow subsurface flow, with enough water wicking to the surface to explain the darkening.
“We found the hydrated salts only when the seasonal features were widest, which suggests that either the dark streaks themselves or a process that forms them is the source of the hydration. In either case, the detection of hydrated salts on these slopes means that water plays a vital role in the formation of these streaks,” said Lujendra Ojha of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in Atlanta, lead author of a report on these findings published Sept. 28 by Nature Geoscience.
Ojha first noticed these puzzling features as a University of Arizona undergraduate student in 2010, using images from the MRO’s High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE). HiRISE observations now have documented RSL at dozens of sites on Mars. The new study pairs HiRISE observations with mineral mapping by MRO’s Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM).
The spectrometer observations show signatures of hydrated salts at multiple RSL locations, but only when the dark features were relatively wide. When the researchers looked at the same locations and RSL weren’t as extensive, they detected no hydrated salt.
Ojha and his co-authors interpret the spectral signatures as caused by hydrated minerals called perchlorates. The hydrated salts most consistent with the chemical signatures are likely a mixture of magnesium perchlorate, magnesium chlorate and sodium perchlorate. Some perchlorates have been shown to keep liquids from freezing even when conditions are as cold as minus 94 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 70 Celsius). On Earth, naturally produced perchlorates are concentrated in deserts, and some types of perchlorates can be used as rocket propellant.
Perchlorates have previously been seen on Mars. NASA’s Phoenix lander and Curiosity rover both found them in the planet’s soil, and some scientists believe that the Viking missions in the 1970s measured signatures of these salts. However, this study of RSL detected perchlorates, now in hydrated form, in different areas than those explored by the landers. This also is the first time perchlorates have been identified from orbit.
MRO has been examining Mars since 2006 with its six science instruments.
“The ability of MRO to observe for multiple Mars years with a payload able to see the fine detail of these features has enabled findings such as these: first identifying the puzzling seasonal streaks and now making a big step towards explaining what they are,” said Rich Zurek, MRO project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California.
Dark narrow streaks called recurring slope lineae emanating out of the walls of Garni crater on Mars. The dark streaks here are up to few hundred meters in length. They are hypothesized to be formed by flow of briny liquid water on Mars. The image is produced by draping an orthorectified (RED) image (ESP_031059_1685) on a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the same site produced by High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (University of Arizona). Vertical exaggeration is 1.5. Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
For Ojha, the new findings are more proof that the mysterious lines he first saw darkening Martian slopes five years ago are, indeed, present-day water.
“When most people talk about water on Mars, they’re usually talking about ancient water or frozen water,” he said. “Now we know there’s more to the story. This is the first spectral detection that unambiguously supports our liquid water-formation hypotheses for RSL.”
The discovery is the latest of many breakthroughs by NASA’s Mars missions.
“It took multiple spacecraft over several years to solve this mystery, and now we know there is liquid water on the surface of this cold, desert planet,” said Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA’s Mars Exploration Program at the agency’s headquarters in Washington. “It seems that the more we study Mars, the more we learn how life could be supported and where there are resources to support life in the future.”
There are eight co-authors of the Nature Geoscience paper, including Mary Beth Wilhelm at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California and Georgia Tech; CRISM Principal Investigator Scott Murchie of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland; and HiRISE Principal Investigator Alfred McEwen of the University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory in Tucson, Arizona. Others are at Georgia Tech, the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, and Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique in Nantes, France.
The agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin built the orbiter and collaborates with JPL to operate it.
More information about NASA’s journey to Mars is available online at:
De Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA heeft bewijzen van vloeibaar water gevonden op Mars. Het nieuws lekte al uit voor de eigenlijke persconferentie, die je hier live kan volgen om 17.30 uur.
Onderzoekers troffen vlekken aan die wijzen op water dat in de zomermaanden langs kliffen en kratermuren naar beneden stroomt. Die vaststelling verhoogt de kansen dat er ook op de rode planeet een vorm van leven aanwezig is. De straaltjes laten lange, donkere plekken achter op de ondergrond, die tot 100 meter lang kunnen worden in de warme maanden, om vervolgens op te drogen als de grondtemperatuur daalt.
Wetenschappers tasten nog in het duister over waar het water vandaan komt, maar het zou kunnen opstijgen uit ondergronds ijs of zoute grondwaterlagen, of condens uit de dunne atmosfeer van Mars.
"Er is nu vloeibaar water op de oppervlakte van Mars", zegt Michael Meyer, het hoofd van het Marsonderzoek bij NASA, aan the Guardian. "We vermoeden dat het op zijn minst mogelijk is om nu een bewoonbare omgeving te hebben."
Eerder onderzoek Lujendra Ojha, één van de sprekers van NASA, stuitte al in 2011 tijdens haar onderzoek op aanwijzingen van water op Mars. "De aanwezigheid van water zou de aanleiding kunnen zijn om snel mensen naar Mars te sturen'', zegt Dou McCoustin, voormalig directeur van het verkenningsprogramma op Mars tegen Boston Herald. "Stromend water zal enorme gevolgen hebben voor de mogelijkheid van leven op Mars."
Marsverkenner Curiosity heeft maart 2013 aanwijzingen gevonden voor de aanwezigheid van stromend water. Metingen toonden aan dat gedurende de avond in de bovenste vijf centimeter van de bodem een soort zoutlaag ontstaat, die in de ochtend weer verdampte. Wetenschappers waren toen nog van mening dat er te weinig water aanwezig was en dat de temperaturen te laag liggen.
NASA had eerder al bewijs gevonden dat er ooit water was geweest op Mars. Er zou een oceaan zijn geweest die meer water bevatte dan de Noordelijke IJszee, hier op aarde.
Marshenge Naast de aanwezigheid van water, hopen andere mensen een antwoord te krijgen op de Marshenge. Een rotsformatie op de planeet. Wellicht volgt dat antwoord later.
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Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
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