Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
20-03-2016
ANONYMOUS RELEASE NASA DOCUMENTS PROVING SOMETHING UNBELIEVABLE
ANONYMOUS RELEASE NASA DOCUMENTS PROVING SOMETHING UNBELIEVABLE
Please scroll down for video
Members of the AnonSec hacking group have released more than 276GB of data after allegedly spending months inside NASA’s internal network.
The collection of files, provided to Infowars by AnonSec admin Dêfãult Vírüsa prior to being made public Sunday, include 631 videos from aircraft and weather radars, 2,143 flight logs as well as the names, email addresses and phone numbers of 2,414 NASA employees.
A “zine,” or self-published paper detailing the hack, dubbed “OpNasaDrones,” reveals everything from AnonSec’s motives to the specific technical vulnerabilities that enabled the extensive breach.
“NASA has been breached more times than most people can honestly remember… However, this hack into NASA wasn’t initially focused on drones [sic] data and upper atmosphere chemical samples. In fact the original breach into NASA systems wasn’t even planned, it was caught up in a gozi virus spread,” the hackers write, referring to an infamous Trojan that has infected more than 1 million computers to date.
The data reveals information about NASA’s connection to weather modification (CHEMTAILS) research in a log of a DC-8 jetliner.
The Hack
After purchasing an “initial foothold” from a hacker with knowledge of NASA servers over two years ago, the group says it began testing how many machines it could “break into” and “root” – a term referring to an account with complete control over a computer or network.
Brute forcing an administrator’s SSH password, which reportedly only took “0.32” seconds due to the credentials being left as default, AnonSec gained further access inside – allowing them to grab even more login data with a hidden packet sniffer (tcpdump).
The hackers say while some members mapped the network, others analyzed the “different missions, airbases and aircraft” listed by the agency. Public missions like “OIB – Operation Ice Bridge” and drones such as the “Global Hawk“ were among those mentioned.
Deleting records of their presence as they hacked deeper into the agency’s system, AnonSec, who even hacked security cameras and uncovered the schematics to one base’s camera layout, then infiltrated the networks at “Glenn Research Center, Goddard Space Flight Center and Dryden Flight Research Center.”
Once inside, the group says it began noticing numerous systems and networked devices “popping up in scans that were not previously visible…”
After sniffing a password belonging to the system administrator, the hackers say they were eventually able to gain full root access to three network-attached storage (NAS) devices tasked with compiling backups of aircraft flight logs.
“Now we had all 3 NAS devices automatically making copies of the logs as they are uploaded from the drones and renaming them to look like semi ordinary index files,” the group writes, mocking the system administrator responsible for protecting the data ( via anonews.co ).
Hackers Attempt to Crash Drone into Pacific Ocean
As the information began flowing unsuspectingly to an AnonSec-controlled server outside of the NASA network, analysis of the data yielded what the hackers described as “weird traffic.”
There is a space-time vortex around Earth, and its shape precisely matches the predictions of Einstein’s theory of gravity. Researchers confirmed these points at a press conference at NASA headquarters where they announced the long-awaited results of Gravity Probe B (GP-B). “The space-time around Earth appears to be distorted just as general relativity predicts,” says Stanford University physicist Francis Everitt, principal investigator of the Gravity Probe B mission. ”This is an epic result,” adds Clifford Will of Washington University in St. Louis. An expert in Einstein’s theories, Will chairs an independent panel of the National Research Council set up by NASA in 1998 to monitor and review the results of Gravity Probe B. “One day,” he predicts, “this will be written up in textbooks as one of the classic experiments in the history of physics.” Time and space, according to Einstein’s theories of relativity, are woven together, forming a four-dimensional fabric called “space-time.” The mass of Earth dimples this fabric, much like a heavy person sitting in the middle of a trampoline. Gravity, says Einstein, is simply the motion of objects following the curvaceous lines of the dimple. If Earth were stationary, that would be the end of the story. But Earth is not stationary.
Our planet spins, and the spin should twist the dimple, slightly, pulling it around into a 4-dimensional swirl. This is what GP-B went to space in 2004 to check. The idea behind the experiment is simple: Put a spinning gyroscope into orbit around the Earth, with the spin axis pointed toward some distant star as a fixed reference point. Free from external forces, the gyroscope’s axis should continue pointing at the star–forever. But if space is twisted, the direction of the gyroscope’s axis should drift over time. By noting this change in direction relative to the star, the twists of space-time could be measured.
The results of Gravity Probe B give physicists renewed confidence that the strange predictions of Einstein’s theory are indeed correct, and that these predictions may be applied elsewhere. The type of space-time vortex that exists around Earth is duplicated and magnified elsewhere in the cosmos–around massive neutron stars, black holes, and active galactic nuclei. “If you tried to spin a gyroscope in the severely twisted space-time around a black hole,” says Will, “it wouldn’t just gently precess by a fraction of a degree. It would wobble crazily and possibly even flip over.” For readers who are not experts in relativity: Geodetic precession is the amount of wobble caused by the static mass of the Earth (the dimple in space-time) and the frame dragging effect is the amount of wobble caused by the spin of the Earth (the twist in space-time). Both values are in precise accord with Einstein’s predictions. -NASA http://theextinctionprotocol.wordpress. … und-earth/
Note: Our visitors have explored the space-time vortex that exists around Earth that is duplicated and magnified elsewhere in the cosmos. This concept may explain extraterrestrial space travel from distant planets to Earth in a relatively short time.
UFO hunters claim they have discovered a massive alien base on the moon nine miles wide. And while scientists say its just a crater, barmy space fanatics insist it’s in fact a huge glass dome. You Tuber Tony Wilke spotted the shape in a photo of the lunar landscape taken during NASA’s Apollo missions. It comes after satellite photos of the Mars revealed unnatural shapes hailed as entrances to an underground base. “Scientists have mislabeled it as a crater, when obviously it’s a dome.”
According to Tony, who runs the YouTube channel Earth Files Earths History, the dome is approximately 250 million years old. During that time it’s suffered damage, he said, but it still stands because of a supporting beam more than two miles long. The structure is some nine miles across and at least two miles deep, it’s claimed. Quite why the aliens needed to build a giant extra-terrestrial 02 Arena out of glass is not guessed at. Scott C Waring, who edits the website UFO Sightings Daily, hit out at scientists for dismissing the find. “As you can see for yourself this is a dome on Earth’s moon,” he said. “Scientists have mislabeled it as a crater, when obviously it’s a dome. “This is mislabeled in astronomy as Harden Crater. I don’t blame the scientists. It’s just the way education goes in school.” Tony said that when the domes were first built aeons ago, the class would have been completely transparent. “When these domes were constructed and completed they were completely clear,” he said. “You could take a hundred foot by hundred foot block of glass that they make you could see perfectly clear to the other side without any distortion at all. “But this is just the result of deterioration after millions and millions of years.”
NASA Scientists & What They Say About The Moon
Moon Pyramid
Multiple NASA personnel have made some pretty shocking claims about the Moon. George Leonard, a NASA scientist and photo analyst who obtained various official NASA photographs of the Moon, many of which he published in his book titled Somebody Else Is On The Moon, is just one of these personnel. Although the photos are small in size and their resolution is not up to today’s standards, they show details of original prints which were huge. While Leonard published the identifying code numbers of the photos in his works to back up their source, we still can’t say for sure that they were real, and their poor resolution only makes matters worse. Far more compelling than these photos are his statements about what was found on the Moon, along with his verified NASA credentials. Leonard was not the only one with a credible background trying to tell the world the truth regarding the Moon and the photos that were taken from the Apollo missions. “Ladies and gentlemen, my government, NASA, which many of us in the United States say stands for Never A Straight Answer, proceeded to erase 40 rolls of film of the Apollo Program — the flight to the Moon, the flight around the Moon, the landings on the Moon, the walking guys here and there. They erased, 40 rolls of film of those events. Now we’re talking about several thousand individual frames that were taken that the so-called authorities determined that you did not have a right to see. Oh, they were ‘disruptive,’ ‘socially unacceptable,’ ‘politically unacceptable.’ I’ve become furious. I’m a retired Command Sergeant Major. I was never famous for having a lot of patience.
Moon Strutures
The quote above is from Bob Dean, who was speaking at a conference in Europe. Bob is a retired US Army Command Sargent Major, and he also served at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) of NATO as an intelligence analyst. When it comes to the UFO phenomenon, we now have public disclosure of thousands of documents along with hundreds of credible witness testimonies. It’s also important to note here that the Russian government recently called for an international investigation into the U.S. moon landings regarding the disappearance of film footage from the original moon landing in 1969. They are also referring to the (approximately) 400 kilograms of lunar rock that was obtained during multiple missions between 1969 and 1972. Leonard argued that NASA knew about extraterrestrial activity on the Moon and attempted to hide that information. He’s not the only one to make such an assertion. “Read the books, read the lore, start to understand what has really been going on, because there is no doubt that we are being visited. . . . The universe that we live in is much more wondrous, exciting, complex and far reaching than we were ever able to know up to this point in time. . . . [Mankind has long wondered if we’re] alone in the universe. [But] only in our period do we really have evidence. No, we’re not alone.” – Dr. Edgar Mitchell, ScD., NASA astronaut (6th man to walk on the moon) Here is a clip of NASA astronaut Dr. Brian O’Leary saying the same thing.
Leonard is not the only NASA scientist to say some strange things about the Moon. Recently, a plasma scientist by the name of Dr. John Brandenburg said the same thing. He was the Deputy Manager of the Clementine Mission to the Moon, which was part of a joint space project between the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and NASA. The mission discovered water at the Moon’s poles in 1994.
Moon Glass Tower
It was (the Clementine Mission) a photo reconnaissance mission basically to check out ifsomeone was building bases on the moon that we didn’t know about. Were they expanding them? He then went on to state that: Of all the pictures I’ve seen from the moon that show possible structures, the most impressive is a picture of a miles wide recto-linear structure. This looked unmistakably artificial, and it shouldn’t be there. As somebody in the space defense community, I look on any such structure on the moon with great concern because it isn’t ours, there’s no way we could have built such a thing. It means someone else is up there.If you were to tell the average person that you think another civilization, advanced enough to have mastered space travel, had been to the Moon before we got there and is possibly still going there, you would, without a doubt, receive some very peculiar looks in return. On the other hand, if that other person were to decide to hear you out, you would probably get their attention pretty quickly. For some, this type of information can be overwhelming, even terrifying, and that’s okay. Many people are not ready to open their minds up to these possibilities, but the truth of the matter is, it’s something we are going to have to confront eventually. We are clearly heading towards the inevitable reality of extraterrestrial contact — that is, if we smarten up and start taking care of our planet to the best of our ability. Perhaps we can make it long enough to realize this future, or maybe it’s coming sooner than we think. That being said, there is a good deal of evidence to suggest that extraterrestrial contact is already happening.
Filer’s Files #12 2016 Thousands of Pilots See UFOs - PART I
Disc photographed over Cuchi Corral, Argentina by Mario Tizon
Filer’s Files #12 2016 Thousands of Pilots See UFOs - PART I
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Chilean General Bermúdez Says UFOs Exist, Argentina Hosts Thousands Who Love Aliens, Thousands of Airline Pilots Witness UFOs, Jetliners Encounter UFOs Over New Jersey, Civilizations Colonizing Space, ISS Spots UFO from Space, and Mass Extinctions Occur Every 62 Million Years.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Alaska, California, Florida, Georgia, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Texas, and Vermont.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, France, Iran, Malaysia, Spain, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The weekly intelligence report provides you with information on the latest sightings and UFO news that you need to understand the world situation. The purpose of these files is to report the UFO eyewitness and photo/video evidence that occurs on a daily basis around the world and in space. These Files assume that extraterrestrial intelligent life not only exists, but my hypothesis is that the over a thousand UFOs reported each month represent technologically advanced spacecraft conducting surveillance of Earth. I personally became interested in UFOs when London Control ordered me to intercept one over England while flying for the US Air Force and Prince Phillip told me of his personal interest in UFOs. The US Air Force investigated UFOs for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
George A. Filer III
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Www.nationalUFOcenter.com. Now receiving 3 million hits a month
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
Chilean General Bermúdez Says UFOs Exist
Chilean General Ricardo Bermúdez states, “The anomalous aerial phenomenon described as unidentified flying object exists, is present here and all over the world.” A former fighter pilot, who later served as an air attaché in London, he was chief commander of the Air Force’s Southern Area. Retired Chilean Air Force General (Ret.) Ricardo Bermúdez is Director of Chile’s Official Committee for the Study of Aerial Anomalous Phenomena (CEFAA). In 1997, the Chilean government formed CEFAA following publicly acknowledged observations of UFOs at a remote Chilean airport. General Bermúdez cane to the USA to speak at the Open Minds Conference open to the general public.
General Ricardo Bermudez (Ret.), explained in statements made to Chile’s Radio Cooperative that, “His team has indeed witnessed UFOs, that they exist and are being investigated in accordance with their mission, but that these objects do not necessarily include “little green extraterrestrials” inside them.”
“A specific case took place in Punta Arenas late last year, where the radar picked up an UFO and the air traffic controller told the pilot that there was a UFO in front of him at a distance of four miles, which is equivalent to three steps away for a person on land, and the pilot indeed saw it,” said Bermudez.
On that occasion, explains the General, after being picked up on radar, by two air traffic controllers a warning was sent to the unknown craft and the pilot also witnessed the UFO along with ground personnel at Porvenir. “This is one of the most solid cases in our files, and it’s an objective one, because one can say that a pilot may be confused by clouds, or that people on the ground could hallucinate at any given moment, but here we have witnesses plus instrumentation,” argues Bermudez. “The anomalous aerial phenomenon described as unidentified flying objects exists, is present here and all over the world, but it must be understood within scientific etymology”
Both the French group and General Ricardo Bermudez, president of the CEFAA, have made overtures to the U.S. government for cooperation on this issue, with no response. [Translation (c) 2012, Scott Corrales, IHU.
Argentina Hosts Thousands Who Love Aliens
Capilla Del Monte — by Kamilia Lahrichi. who wrote about Extraterrestrial ground zero.
Residents of Capilla Del Monte are positive intelligent aliens from another galaxy are living among them. So positive, the town of 16,000 holds an annual Alien Festival that draws tens of thousands of visitors — from Earth, that is. This year’s event kicked off Friday and runs through Valentine’s Day, for those in love with extraterrestrials. There is an alien costume contest, a parade of Star Wars characters, a laser contest and special effects simulating aliens’ arrival on Earth. There are workshops with regional speakers renowned in the UFO community on how aliens contact humankind, among other topics.
“I came all the way from France to see the intraterrestrial city of ERKS, which is buried under this town,” said Monique Rasset, a yoga professor who has traveled to Capilla del Monte for ten years.” According to local lore, ERKS is an underground city built by “intelligent lights” from another dimension who can communicate with humans.
Some tourists who make their way to the town, about 500 miles northwest of the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires, come mainly for the spectacle, with or without real aliens.
“I loved the Star Wars show and costumes last year so we decided to come back to the festival this year,” said Gabriela Amorosi, who traveled 18 hours by bus from her southern Argentine city of Bahia Blanca. To prepare for the festival, tourists and residents get into the mystical mood by meditating in parks, Zen temples and “silence zones” that have energy fields. Tourism agencies organize sky-gazing events to watch for mysterious lights.
Many of the estimated 30,000 visitors — mostly from Latin America, the USA, France, Germany and Japan — will scale the 6,500-foot-high Uritorco hill on the outskirts of town in search of energy fields and doors to other dimensions.
“The historical reason why people are curious about UFOs in Capilla del Monte dates back to 1986, when a giant circular footprint of burned grass was found at the slope of (the Uritorco) hill,” explained Alejandro Barbosa, the town’s tourism secretary.
Local researchers collected testimonies from residents who claimed they had seen a spaceship with fluorescent lights that left a long trail. The town’s resident alien scholar said she believes UFOs are lured here. “UFO existence may be the result of electromagnetic conditions and telluric forces at the epicenter of the (Uritorco) hill,” said Mary López Espitia, a Colombian who is director of the town’s Center on UFO investigation. Espita has studied the topic for 20 years and organizes international conferences. Espitia said she has seen UFOs often: “lights that behave in an intelligent way.” These are “lights of different sizes, shapes and colors, at different times of the day and night, and at different times of the year,” she said.
UFOs are a regular topic of conversation not only here, but throughout Argentina. National and local media often relay information on mysterious disc shaped objects seen flying.
“In Capilla del Monte, the majority of people see UFOs. It’s very common,” said Mario Tizon, a photographer. “I have seen UFOs in the countryside since I was a child.” Tizon showed photos he took on January 31, 2014, of supposed UFOs in the neighboring town of Cuchi Corral. Snip Thanks to Richard Heiden 2016-02-07 Appleton (Wis.) Post-Crescent, Special for USA TODAY
Thousands of Airline Pilots Witness UFOs
WASHINGTON D.C. —Airline pilots see unidentified flying objects but very few report it because of ridicule and the possibility of losing their jobs. According to the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena, (NARCAP) there have been over 3,500 documented sightings of “Unidentified Aerial Phenomena” by military, commercial, and civilian pilots. But Captain Jim Courant, a commercial pilot for over 31 years, says there are many more sightings that are just not reported.
Captain Jim Courant and Major George Filer
“It is almost astounding how many people are in the know on this subject,” said Captain Jim Courant, speaking before the Citizens Hearing on Disclosure at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. on May 3, 2013. Courant has been researching and studying the phenomena of UFOs for years. He has collected over 3,000 books on UFOs and extraterrestrials, and hosted a television series on the issue titled “New Perspectives” which ran for three years.
He still flies for a commercial airline and because of his exposure on television has become known as an authority on UFO’s and extraterrestrial encounters. He has been contacted, and still is, by many commercial airline and military pilots who are happy to discuss their UFO’s encounters privately but do not want to talk publicly, fearing ridicule and in some cases retaliation.
“They are afraid,” not so much about their status or their retirement benefits, but “they are more afraid for their families,” he said.
He described the experience of one pilot who was flying a 747 over the Pacific in 1980, when he came across a UFO in front of him.
“You won’t believe what we saw,” the pilot had said, according to Courant. “This thing was bigger than a 747.”
Courant said the pilot told him that when he got to his destination in Japan, he “was debriefed and told never to talk about it again.”
Courant told the hearing about his own encounter with a UFO. In 1995, he was flying near Albuquerque, New Mexico, when he and his co-pilot saw a blue green oval shape approaching from the left. “In a flash of burning white light, the object suddenly shot up at a 45 degree angle,” he told the hearing.
Four other pilots reported to the air traffic control tower that they had also seen the object. “One pilot said it must have been a meteor,” Courant recounted, adding, “I got on and said ‘Since when does a meteor go back up?’” When asked about his co-pilot’s reaction in a telephone conversation following the Disclosure hearing, Courant said, “He refused to discuss it and has never flown with me again.”
Courant said pilots have reported seeing a variety of craft that appear suddenly and move at speeds impossible with present technology. Reports include cigar-shaped craft, triangular craft, and some that are the size of an aircraft carrier or larger.
He says airline pilots are “very serious in their profession” and not likely to make exaggerations. The website NARCAP, co-founded in 1999 by Dr. Richard F. Haines, a recognized specialist in UFOs and a former Chief Scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, has been effective at documenting sightings, but Courant says more needs to be done.
UFO sightings are only “the tip of the iceberg” in terms of what has been experienced and what is known about extraterrestrials, he said. “There are certain things I have been privy to, but I can’t get into that here,” he told the hearing. Courant said it was time for the United States government to come clean with what its agencies have documented and learned through decades of extraterrestrial encounters.
Airline pilots know what they have seen, he said, and should be able to talk about it without fear of ridicule. Thanks to By Shar Adams the http://www.theepochtimes.com/
Jetliners Encounter UFOs OverNew Jersey
On Monday night, November 17, 1997, ham radio operator John N. Gonzalez, N2IXW, picked up a UFO report while listening to radio traffic on the air. According to a MUFON report, Gonzalez heard the conversation between the tower at Newark, N.J. airport and Flight 262 on 118.300 MHz. Two other unidentified aircrews also joined in the conversation.
Here is a transcript:
JET #2: “Watch out! The two (UFOs) are coming up to you.”
FLIGHT 262: “Well, Captain, the two up here are coming down to meet with you.”
TOWER: “Flight 262, what is your status?”
FLIGHT 262: “We have 236 souls onboard and fifty thousand (pounds) of fuel. I think these damn things are going to hit us. We are over Morristown just in case there is a collision with them. (pause) They have taken off towards the northeast. And, by the way, towards the northeast, it also looks like a meteor or space debris is coming down.”
(Editor’s Note: Monday night, November 17, was the tail end of the annual Leonid meteor shower.)
TOWER: “Do you wish to report a UFO sighting?”
FLIGHT 262: (Pause) No, we have nothing to report.”
JET #2: “We heard you. I am making sure the passengers are all right. And, no, I have nothing to report, either.”
JET#3: “You guys have seen more than your share of UFOs. I know I have.”
TOWER: “Who are you? Please identify yourself.” (There was no response) “Flight 262, go to the emergency frequency. We will meet with the both of you there.”
(See MUFON Skywatch Investigations #47. Many thanks to George A. Filer of MUFON for letting UFO ROUNDUP quote from his report.)
Civilizations Colonizing Space
The Earth may be rapidly reaching a point where our civilization could expand out into the solar system. A repeat of the Colony structure where mostly European countries took control of vast areas of the world. This time the various space-exploring nations may claim ownership of our Moon, Mars, Venus and other planets and eventually the Galaxy.
S. Jay Olson Cornell University writes, “If a subset of advanced civilizations in the universe choose to rapidly expand into unoccupied space, these civilizations would have the opportunity to grow to a cosmological scale over the course of billions of years. If such life also makes observable changes to the galaxies they inhabit, then it is possible that vast domains of life-saturated galaxies could be visible from the Earth. Here, we describe the shape and angular size of these domains as viewed from the Earth, and calculate median visible sizes for a variety of scenarios. We also calculate the total fraction of the sky that should be covered by at least one domain. In each of the 27 scenarios we examine, the median angular size of the nearest domain is within an order of magnitude of a percent of the whole celestial sphere. Observing such a domain would likely require an analysis of galaxies such as the Gly Galaxy. (shown) from the Earth.
We can assume an alien civilization is attempting to colonize Earth.
ISS Spots UFO from Space
I was watching the International Space Station live feed on March 13 2016, and happened to see what appeared to be a saucer not far above the surface of the Earth. Tanks to MUFON CMS
Mass Extinctions Occur Every 62 Million Years
With surprising and mysterious regularity, life on Earth has flourished and vanished in cycles of mass extinction every 62 million years, say two University of California Berkeley scientists who discovered the pattern after a painstaking computer study of fossil records going back for more than 500 million years. Their findings are certain to generate a renewed burst of speculation among scientists who study the history and evolution of life. Each period of abundant life and each mass extinction has itself covered at least a few million years — and the trend of biodiversity has been rising steadily ever since the last mass extinction, when dinosaurs and millions of other life forms went extinct about 65 million years ago.
The Berkeley researchers are physicists, but they have analyzed the most exhaustive compendium of fossil records that exists of no fewer than 36,380 separate marine genera, including millions of species that once thrived in the world’s seas. Richard Muller and his graduate student, Robert Rohde, have published a report on their exhaustive study in the journal Nature.
“We’ve tried everything we can think of to find an explanation for these weird cycles of biodiversity and extinction,” Muller said, “and so far, we’ve failed.”
Suns position is two thirds out from center on arm of Milky Way
The evidence of strange extinction cycles that first drew Rohde’s attention emerged from an elaborate computer database he developed from the largest compendium of fossil data ever created.
John Sepkoski Jr. suggested that marine life appeared to have its ups and downs in cycles every 26 million years. However, to Rohde and Muller, the longer cycle is strikingly more evident, although they have also seen the suggestion of even longer cycles that seem to recur every 140 million years. Sepkoski’s fossil record of marine life extends back for 540 million years to the time of the great “Cambrian Explosion,” when almost all the ancestral forms of multicellular life emerged, and Muller and Rohde built on it for their computer version.
Muller has long been known as an unconventional and imaginative physicist on the Berkeley campus. Perhaps, there is an unknown “Planet X” somewhere far out beyond the solar system that’s disturbing the comets in the distant region called the Oort Cloud — where they exist by the millions — to the point that they shower the Earth and cause extinctions in regular cycles. Daniel Whitmire and John Matese of the University of Louisiana proposed that idea as a cause of major comet showers in 1985, but no one except UFO believers has ever discovered a sign of it.
Or perhaps there’s some kind of “natural timetable” deep inside the Earth that triggers cycles of massive volcanism, Rohde has thought. There is even a bit of evidence: A huge slab of volcanic basalt known as the Deccan Traps in India has been dated to 65 million years ago — just when the dinosaurs died, he noted. And the similar basaltic Siberian Traps were formed by volcanism about 250 million years ago, at the end of the Permian period, when the greatest of all mass extinctions drove more than 70 percent of all the world’s marine life to death, Rohde said.
Muller’s favorite explanation, he said informally, is that the solar system passes through an exceptionally massive arm of our own spiral Milky Way galaxy every 62 million years, and that that increase in galactic gravity might set off a hugely destructive comet shower that would drive cycles of mass extinction on Earth.
Periodic Mass Extinctions, Alexander €™s Thesis
Let us now look at Bob Alexander €™s thesis and calculations which I will vary somewhat to determine the actual length of the Cosmic Year. Periodic mass extinctions appear to have happened at least several times throughout the Earth’s history. The K/T boundary, as it is called, marks the end of the reign of the dinosaurs and is about 65 Million years old. It is popularly believed that a large asteroid struck the Earth causing a worldwide change in climate, which interrupted the food chain.
More recently discovered ‘Smoking Gun’ evidence points to another mass extinction, which occurred around 251 Million years ago when another large asteroid presumably struck the earth. And there appears to be even newer evidence that mass extinctions may happen at the rate of every 62 Million years (+/- 3MY).
Period (End of)
Die out rate
/ X
65 MYA (Cretaceous)
85 %
/1 = 65 MY
208 MYA (Trassic)
25% over time
/3 = 69.33 MY
245 MYA (Permian)
96%
/4 = 61.25 MY
365 MYA (Devonian)
70% over time
/6 = 60.83 MY
438 MYA (Ordovician)
50% + some over time
/7 = 62.57 MY
Average 63.796 MY
By virtue of the chart above I believe the average is more like 63.796 MY, but for now let’s say that 62 MY (based on current physical evidence) is the periodic mass extinction average. 251 / 62 = 4.048 (Remember that number)
Something happens every 62 Million (or so) years, which puts us in harm’s way, so to speak. In its orbit around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, our Solar system may also do this little sinusoidal motion from the top to the bottom to the top (and so on) of the Orion arm which we go around in. Now, what if the period of one cycle through the arm is around 124 Million years? Within one cycle, we would pass through the middle of the ring (the most dense part) twice and about every 62 million years.
As we spin around in the arm our forward motion (~150,000 miles/sec) is continuous, but if we go up and down also, that rate would change with position due to angular motion.
Now, it is bad enough that we would traverse this much more dense part of the ring, but we would go through its’ center at maximum velocity, much faster (in the up/down axis) than when we reach the outer edges of the arm where that relative motion (again up/down) stops altogether so that it can reverse. If we didn’t stop (in the up/down axis), we would just fly off into deep space and it would be bye-bye Milky Way. But luckily (or not) all of the mass nearer the center of the arm has gravitational force with acts to pull us back in for yet another cycle. It may well be that these huge killer asteroids do not ‘hit us’ as much as we run into them because of our high speed ‘sweeping’ through a large area of space.
The center of the ring isn’t a hard boundary, it is just more dense than on either side and there is a density gradient as you move away from the center. So, there is some latitude for interval timing due to this ‘kill zone’ principal.
The Earth has had eight centerline passes in 251 Million Years. The error of margin then is about 375,000 years per centerline pass or 187,500 years on either side of it. The dinosaurs were wiped out by a big asteroid 65 Million Years ago and we are due for the next one just about… yesterday… minus ~3 MY. In other words, either we are ~3 Million years overdue or just got lucky on this pass.
Let’s look at a few numbers. The Milky Way Galaxy is about 100,000 Light Years (LY) in diameter. Our Solar system is about 26,000 light years or about 2/3 of the way out from the galactic center and we revolve at 250 kilometers or about 150,000 miles per second. We make one revolution every 226 Million Years, which means that we have made about 20 revolutions since the Earth was formed about 4.5 Billion Years ago. It is estimated that there are between 200 and 400 BILLION other stars in the Milky Way and that at least some of those have planets. It is likely from looking at our own Solar system that at least some of those planets probably have moons. That’s a lot of stuff – not to mention asteroids and comets.
a graphic, which illustrates the theory.
It is believed that we are about 10 Light Years (LY) away from the centerline of the Orion arm, which is believed to be 3000 LY thick in our vicinity. We appear to be right in the middle of the rocks, the densest part of the arm.
If the last mass extinction was 65 Million Years ago and the half cycle period is around 62 MY then we are in a predictable (not to mention scary position) especially if we are moving away from the centerline.
If you think there is anything we could do to stop one of these killer asteroids if one were discovered tomorrow, you have been watching too many Hollywood movies. However, NASA places a high priority on finding Near- Earth Objects (NEOs) and protecting Earth from them.
Established in 1998, NASA’s NEO Observations Program is responsible for the Agency’s efforts at finding, tracking, and characterizing NEOs. The agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in Pasadena Calif., conducts the daily operations of the program. In 2010, NASA fulfilled a congressional mandate to discover at least 90 percent of 1-kilometer-sized NEOs, and is now working hard to find smaller NEOs. NASA’s NEO Observation Program is also a key member of the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN), organized last year by the United Nations. In response to UN COPUOS recommendations, space agencies are also establishing a Space Missions Planning Advisory Group to consider options for planetary defense against potential NEO impacts with Earth.
This artist’s concept shows the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE spacecraft, in its orbit around Earth. In 2013, the mission was brought out of hibernation to hunt for more asteroids and comets in a project called Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE). The spacecraft st accurate survey to date of the size distributA announced its Asteroid Initiative, which includes a bold mission to identify, capture and relocate an asteroid through the Asteroid Redirect Mission, and the Asteroid Grand Challenge to find all asteroids threats to human population and know what to do about them. Thanks to Nature and NASA
Chosen: Chronicles of an Alien Abductee 5 Stars.
Alien abductions are the kind of thing most people have a healthy skepticism about. After all, when the main proof comes from the people who have claimed to be abducted, and it is difficult to give too much credence to what they might say. Sometimes, however, the proof they give is so compelling that even the heartiest skeptic must sometimes be convinced to believe that it may at least be possible. That is the case with Byron Lacy’s account in Chosen.
Lacy’s book is full of recollections not only of his abductions by various aliens, but also of how those abductions have affected his life.
He tells them in such a straightforward, ordinary way, and with so many details, that it’s hard to be skeptical about his story. The details, too, are convincing enough to make anyone at least consider the possibility. After all, what other explanation could there be for a small child being healed of sarcoma after a doctor told his parents that they might as well have another child already as a replacement? What other explanation could there be for Byron’s numerous accounts of having “lost time,” or of his finding scratches and puncture wounds on his body, or of the memories that suddenly resurface about having been brought aboard an alien ship? These questions kept returning to my mind as I read, and I could think of no other answer except to believe that Lacy was telling the truth.
The one complaint I had about the book is the way Lacy presents his story. It does not go in chronological order, which can make it rather hard to follow, and I sometimes had trouble telling when a particular chapter took place. If you stick with it, though, you will find a compelling story that I would recommend to anyone who has had even the slightest question about whether we really are alone in the universe. SAN FRANCISCO BOOK REVIEW.
Scoop marks on Byron’s right leg
Byron W. Lacy has written an excellent book that should be read by everyone, because if you suspect you are an abductee this is the book you should read. Lacy, a civil servant, musician, artist, and poet was born in Texas. The young Byron was not expected to survive a childhood case of sarcoma cancer. Yet he did, miraculously. In 1961, he witnessed a flying submarine like thing at close range over his entire elementary school class as they exercised in the yard. Other uncanny events include repeated narrow escapes from deadly car accidents. Only in 2009, after seeing a couple of “stargates” materialize in the sky was Lacy convinced he had been alien plagued and abducted for a generation. His imaginary playmate “pirates” Byron saw, as a little boy were the enigmatic intruders. Byron believes he and fellow “abductees” endured many strange experiences: missing time, bodily implants and mysterious scarring, and “little gray” humanoids. For Byron, it is obvious; skeptics be damned, and countless folks are being abducted. A far-out, disconcertingly readable memoir that flatly declares everything about aliens you read online or see dramatized on TV is true. _Kirkus Reviews, ORDER HERE
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Filer’s Files #12 2016 Thousands of Pilots See UFOs -PART II
Filer’s Files #12 2016 Thousands of Pilots See UFOs -PART II
Sightings in the United States
Alaska Disc
Ketchikan— I was at home and watching webcams on March 11, 2016. Ketchikan Public Utilities (KPU) operates six views of the docks, water, and the town. Every few minutes the cameras update. So I captured a few images and went back into the cams. It was then I noticed the dark orb in a south facing cam. Reviewing all five cams only the two facing south had the orb from two separate locales. Each confirmed the orb as real and not camera lens problems. The object drifted slightly. I could tell by lining up distant mountains and close up objects of the cams and capturing the object. After about three hours, one cam lost the orb. What was weird is on the other cam it was still there. Thanks to MUFON CMS
California Square
San Ramón — My friend and I were having a sleep over late at night four years ago when I awoke at 3:59 AM in my sleeping bag. I looked out into the dark sky through the space in between my friend’s bedroom blinds on July 7, 2012 and saw a plane. Quickly realized it was flashing too fast and moving way to slow for a plane. I also noticed it was square; I wake up my friend as fast as I can in his bed. He is as fascinated as I am. I snap a quick picture of the object. Then I noticed it was speeding up and the lights seemed like it was on fire and would stay in our vision for 5-6 minutes. We felt puzzled and scared. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Florida Orbs
Ocklawaha — What looked like three silver diamond shaped objects hovering March 7, 2016. They moved a little while and then stopped at 9 PM. Then I saw three saucer shaped objects move what looked like the same direction. The objects had blinking red and white lights on and off. Then they disappeared. Then in the day I saw a silent silver object triangle fly across the sky with a little bit of white trail, but it wasn’t a plane It made no noise. Thanks to William Puckett, Director Website
Georgia Lights
Savannah— I was walking on River Street taking many night photos using my LUMIX DSLR camera on March 9. 2016.
When I came back to my girlfriend’s dorm to look at my photos, we noticed the strange lights above the bridge. I have no idea what it can be. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Michigan Orange Object
Detroit— On March 12, 2016, I was taking a photo of the Moon and observed an orange object in the sky. The object was moving very slowly and appeared to be almost hovering. I had my camera and started taking photos (first with a 400mm Lens and then with a 35mm lens exposed over 30 seconds). In trying to ascertain what these light are I Googled “Orange Lights UFO” and came across your website. Note: The witness edited the photo before sending. The original (unedited) photo has been requested. Thanks to William Puckett, Director Website
New Jersey Alien Craft Near Miss
Williamstown — My brother and I were walking towards our house on March 2, 2016, we saw a bright star moving slightly in a circular motion. It was coming closer with each small circular revolution. I grabbed a pair of binoculars, and focused on the UFO. You could clearly observe five red-orange lights, in a circle on the object, with a light blue aura. We noticed multiple planes come close to the object, and each time one did, you’d notice the UFO pan towards and then, away from the clearly visible plane coming close to it. The planes were always small in scale to the bright, star-like object. It was then, when another plane passed under it, did I realize the out of this world likeness of the object.
The lights from the object reflected off the plane, making the wings visible, clearly meaning it was no starlight reflecting, and was instead artificial light. Another 30 minutes went by, and I could not take my eyes off this elusive UFO. I put my finger in front of it as it moved away, appearing again.
My brother recorded the event, but due to the distance of the object, and the quality of his phone and camera, you can just barely see the light. The encounter ended, as I got tired of watching maneuver. After two hours of gazing upon it, I walked back in my house. A half hour went by and I stood outside to check, and there was nothing. NOTE: The above image is CGI. This case is under investigation by Chief Investigator Ken Pfeifer of MUFON New Jersey. Thanks to Ken Pfeifer MUFON NJ Website
New York Lights
Downsville — I was driving and saw lights in my rear view mirror and side mirror. I grabbed my phone and took picture as fast as possible on August 3, 2012. As they went past me, they started to go up the fastest things I have ever seen. At that point, I do not remember driving home and came into in my driveway two+ hours later. I had no recollection how I got home. I have this picture to prove. Thanks to MUFON CMS’
Texas Lights
My wife, daughter, and I were on our way home on March 3, 2016, when I saw a bright light in the sky. We followed it for a minute or two then I got out and started recording with my iPhone.
When we pulled in the driveway that’s when my little girl ran out of the car and said, “I see it daddy I see it.” That’s when we saw five helicopters rotating around the object. We saw more lights moving changing colors that then took off. The other lights followed. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Vermont Orb
Brattleboro — The day of the event, I had been working on an art history article developing a new interpretation of Poussin’s “The Arcadian Shepherds” on March 4, 2016. During the afternoon, I made a major breakthrough that appears to have “solved” the riddle of the painting’s significance, which is on the same level as the Great Pyramids and Stonehenge. At around 7:30, I decided to take my dog for a walk. She pulled very hard at the leash to head for Brattleboro Retreat where I observed the first vessel hovering above. It was a consistent, integrated structure, similar in appearance to a cluster of red grapes, composed of lights of varying sizes, flickering in a chaotic rhythm. The pattern of lights implied the existence of a larger form disguised as a high-altitude jet liner, as if was intended to convey an aesthetic effect. The vessel hovered silently over the Retreat before vanishing over the West River.
Then another vessel appeared, much higher in altitude and made up of two egg-shaped golden lights and I made out a cigar shape behind these lights. I turned south and the sky was covered in a kind of hyper dimensional manifold of red orb dancing upwards. The craft(s) appeared in some way to be an optical illusion, a demonstration of a cloaking mechanism. I then saw three more vessels: a steady, pulsating red orb, an irregular assemblage similar to the first vessel, and a curved red and green cluster of lights similar in shape to a caterpillar. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Worldwide Sightings
Australia Light
Yarra Valley — My husband and I went up in a hot air balloon between 6-7.30 AM, on February 15, 2016. At the time we didn’t notice anything but the scenery but when I was looking at the videos on my iPhone when we came home I found this strange moving object that seemed to have light emanating from the bottom of it. I did not eye witness this and only noticed it on the video after we returned from our trip near Victoria. At first, I thought it may have been the camera light or something but its movements didn’t match the movement of my panning. Anyway thought I might share it with someone like you in case it was something a bit more unusual. Thanks to Shar
Canada Orb
The large UAP have returned from the previous day at Sunset.
Very large and bright, spinning and made different shapes of the craft :).
It was wonderfully delightful sight to see once again and take great photos of this UAP. I have rather expected it to see.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
France Light
It was nice and quite dark cloud attracted my attention on June 21, 2013.
I took pictures and I saw appear a lumièere so I took a second photo where you can see this strange form. You can see it on second photo. Thanks to MUFON CMS’
Iran Orbs
Andisheh, Tehran— Looking out of the window, my partner and I saw a glowing, moving object across the sky on March 15, 2015. Then we saw a stream of objects following one another. Some came nearer to our fourth floor apartment. They all followed the same route and were glowing balls moving at a steady pace although a couple came closer to one another. This was National Fireworks night and many were going off across the sky but these were not fireworks. As the evening progressed and the fireworks died down, so did the number of objects passing to one every 5-10 minutes. They continued to travel to a destination out of our sight. One of the objects flew right over that was a bright, glowing circular object, about the size of a lorry with circles of lights like windows. This is not the first time we have seen UFO’s in Tehran. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Malaysia Rectangle
Kuala Lumpur— It was in around 5.30 pm on February 15, 2016, I had just thrown a bag of rubbish out and looked up and saw a black object. The object had no wings and was flying quite high in the sky. I am staying is where passenger planes flies and I am quite accustomed to the height of these planes. The object was flying at the same height of these passenger planes are flying that was too high for a bird. I had my iPhone to record the object that was the size of the cockpit section of a passenger plane. The object is flying very fast, the speed of a passenger plane. The silent object is square like but as it flies and turns, I can see that the top part of the object is rectangular with straight lines running across from the center to the edge and I lost sight of the object when it flew to the back of my house. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Spain Orb
Tenerife — Six people at dinner take pictures of the sunset, and checking the pictures found the object in two pictures in a different place. I’m the owner of “revelacion OVNI” blog, and there we take reports of ufos from countries of Spanish language “Spain And Sud-America” similar system like “MUFON reports” then we have one report from Argentina with the same “exact” ufo: if you want compare you can check San Nicolas, Argentina > Paula B. Farias revelacionovni. Thanks to MUFON CMS
UK/England Light
Malden Surrey, London–- It all started about a year ago when I saw a ball of light in the sky. I took pictures of it. The object did not move like a plane. It was just hovering in one spot. Over the space of a year I have see it every couple of weeks when I am just gazing out my window. It hovers there and sometimes its lights go out when a plane approach’s or it moves up into the sky. Then the bright light comes back on and then all of a sudden it goes to come back again another day. It just hovers around the same place and then moves across the sky very slowly until it flies off without the lights on! My camera is not good. It is a lot bigger when you see it with your eyes!
Note: The witness says that she has had similar sightings over the past year. The lights in the photo could be reflections, but the witness says that she saw the lights. (This is more credible than when witnesses do not see anything unusual and only discover anomalies in photo.) Thanks to William Puckett, Director Http://www.UFOsnw.com
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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter: tien jaar in een baan om de rode planeet
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter: tien jaar in een baan om de rode planeet
Tim Kraaijvanger
Op 10 maart 2006 om 22:24 uur kwam de Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter aan bij de rode planeet. Tijd om terug te blikken. Wat zijn de mooiste foto’s die deze ruimtesonde heeft gemaakt?
Hoewel de Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter exact tien jaar in een baan om Mars draait, is het ruimtevaartuig pas in november 2006 begonnen met de hoofdmissie. Toen bereikte de MRO de juiste baan om Mars. In tien jaar tijd is er veel gebeurd. Zo viel de ruimtesonde de eerste jaren regelmatig uit door softwareproblemen.
Tijdens de vijfde verjaardag – in 2011 – publiceerden we een artikel met de mooiste foto’s. Bekijk hier beelden van zandduinen op Mars, Martiaanse grotten, ijsbergen en ‘gulles’ (gleuven ontstaan door stromend water).
Ondertussen zijn er weer veel nieuwe foto’s gemaakt en zijn er belangrijke ontdekkingen gedaan. Een paar hoogtepunten op een rij:
Op Mars stroomt hoogstwaarschijnlijk zout water. De Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ontdekte donkere strepen op Mars (zogenoemde Recurring Slope Lineae), die alleen in warmere seizoenen op Mars te vinden zijn. Het CRISM-instrument aan boord van de MRO identificeerde zoutmineralen. Mogelijk is het zoute water op Mars superzout. “Het is waarschijnlijk tien keer zouter dan het zeewater op aarde, dus een mens zou wanneer het in contact komt met deze zoutoplossingen brandwonden oplopen,” vertelt professor Steve Pointing.
Is dit een foto van een appeltaart? Nee, het is een twee kilometer breed verschijnsel op het oppervlak van Mars. Mogelijk is het appeltaartje door vulkanisme ontstaan. Mogelijk duwde lava de heuvel omhoog boven de ‘zee’ van glad uitziende lavastromen.
De MRO vond vorig jaar glasafzettingen in inslagkraters op Mars. Wanneer een object inslaat op een planeet – zoals Mars – komt daarbij veel hitte vrij. Zoveel hitte, dat er glasdeeltjes kunnen ontstaan. Het is interessant om glasafzettingen te bestuderen, omdat er wellicht organische moleculen ‘gevangen’ zijn in het glas, net zoals fossielen in hars de tand des tijds doorstaan. Wetenschappers hopen ooit glas te gebruiken om te ontdekken hoe Mars er miljarden jaren geleden uitzag.
Heeft Mars een dik pak ijs onder het oppervlak? Waarschijnlijk! Onderzoekers hebben deze vreemde krater op Mars gevonden, met dank aan de MRO. De wand van deze krater is niet glad, maar trapvormig. Mogelijk is de trap ontstaan door het dikke ijs. Hoe het precies zit, lees je hier.
Mars had 500.000 jaar geleden nog oppervlaktewater. Mogelijk kon je een half miljoen jaar geleden zwemmen in de Istockkrater, tijdens één van de recente ijstijden. Het ijs smolt, waardoor er oppervlaktewater overbleef. Het water stroomde overigens maar een hele korte tijd op Mars.
Op Mars is een steen van een heuvel komen zetten en heeft daarbij een spoor achtergelaten dat zelfs vanuit de ruimte zichtbaar is. De Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter vereeuwigde het 500 meter lange spoor. Als je goed kijkt, zie je de steen aan het einde van het spoor liggen. Of beter gezegd: staan. De steen heeft namelijk een asymmetrische vorm en is zo’n zes meter hoog.
Deze jonge krater is 45 meter breed en is eind maart 2012 ontstaan. Het is de grootste krater die ooit aan de hand van foto’s die voor en na de inslag werden gemaakt, is ontdekt. De ruimtesteen was ongeveer drie bij vijf meter lang. In de aardse atmosfeer verbrandt zo’n object, maar omdat de atmosfeer van Mars aanzienlijk dunner is, overleeft een kleine ruimtesteen de reis door de atmosfeer.
Op deze mooie foto is het spoor van NASA’s Curiosity rover te zien. De foto werd gemaakt op 11 december 2013. Op dat moment bevond Curiosity zich ruim een jaar op het oppervlak van Mars. In 16 ‘aardse’ maanden had de Marsrover bijna vijf kilometer afgelegd. Niet slecht!
De Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter zal nog een ruime tijd ingezet worden. Niet alleen voor het schieten van hoge-resolutiebeelden van het Marsoppervlak, maar ook voor het versturen van data. Op naar het volgende jubileum.
Twee geheime kamers ontdekt achter Toetanchamons graf
Twee geheime kamers ontdekt achter Toetanchamons graf
Tim Kraaijvanger
Wetenschappers hebben twee geheime kamers gevonden achter de grafkamer van Toetanchamon. Uit scans blijkt dat er organisch materiaal in de grafkamer aanwezig is. Misschien is het wel de vrouw van de vader van Toetanchamon: Nefertiti?
Op Scientias.nl volgen we de zoektocht van de geheime kamers rondom de grafkamer van Toetanchamon op de voet. Onderzoeker Nicholas Reeves kwam als eerste met het idee. In een paperstelde hij dat er een grafkamer schuilgaat achter het graf van Toetanchamon. Hij trok die conclusie nadat hij beelden van de wanden van Toetanchamons grafkamer tot in detail bestudeerde. In de schilderingen ontdekte de Brit scheuren die suggereren dat onder het pleisterwerk twee doorgangen schuilgaan die al sinds de oudheid niet meer zijn gebruikt. De ene doorgang zou naar een opslagkamer leiden, de andere doorgang zou leiden naar een tweede grafkamer.
Op basis van radarbeelden stelden onderzoekers in november vast dat er inderdaad een geheime kamerachter de noordelijke wand is. Maar er is meer. Een nieuw onderzoek wijst uit dat er een tweede geheime kamer is achter de westelijke wand van de grafkamer van Toetanchamon. Daarnaast zijn er metalen en organische (!) objecten gevonden. De grote vraag is: wie liggen er hier? Gaat het misschien om Nefertiti? Zij was de vrouw van de vader van Toetanchamon en beroemd om haar schoonheid. Sommige onderzoekers denken dat Nefertiti de moeder van de farao was, maar dat is niet zeker. Farao Toetanchamon overleed toen hij pas negentien jaar was, waardoor er waarschijnlijk nog geen graftombe voor hem klaarstond. Mogelijk werd daarom de tombe die oorspronkelijk bedoeld was voor Nefertiti gebruikt.
De grafkamer van Toetanchamon met schitterende beschilderingen.
De scans van de ruimten achter de grafkamer van Toetanchamon.
Op deze plattegrond is te zien waar de objecten zich bevinden.
Aan het eind van deze maand gaan onderzoekers opnieuw radarfoto’s maken. Op 1 april worden de resultaten hiervan gepresenteerd. Langzaam maar zeker leren archeologen steeds meer over de bijzondere farao.
Het graf van Toetanchamon – ook wel bekend als DK 62 – werd in 1922 ontdekt door Howard Carter en wordt nog steeds gezien als een van de grootste archeologische ontdekkingen van de vorige eeuw, zeker omdat het graf vrijwel geheel ongeschonden is.
Egypt's Antiquities Minister confirmed the discovery of two new rooms at King Tut's tomb and hinted that their contents could be of enormous significance.
Mamdouh al-Damaty announced to the media that radar scans for the location showed a pair of previously unknown chambers adjacent to the legendary resting place of the Egyptian pharaoh.
Perhaps even more tantalizing is that al-Damaty revealed that the investigation showed organic material and metal inside the rooms, leading to the possibility they also be lavish tombs.
"It could be the discovery of the century. It's very important for Egyptian history and the history of the world," al-Damaty declared when making the announcement.
The Minister's words echo those of his colleague, Tourism Minister Hisham Zaazou, who made news back in February when he said that the newly-discovered rooms were "full of treasure" and that they were "the discovery of the 21st century."
Additional scans on the rooms are scheduled to be performed later this month, but no timetable was announced for any exploration of the area.
Until researchers can actually get into the rooms and see what they contain, we'll have our fingers crossed in the hopes that they just found the original two ancient aliens.
One creature can survive for millennia in the so-called 'Sea of Death'
By Zaria Gorvett
They fell out of the sky and landed on the pale blue planet with a splash. Many of the crew missed the whole thing. Deep inside the spacecraft, arranged in neat stacks, were rows and rows of sleeping astronauts. Each was curled up inside their own pod, where they could have stayed for 10,000 years.
These were no ordinary space travellers. In the following weeks, they burst from their shells and developed into full-blown aquatic monsters: they are salmon-pink, with three eyes and eleven pairs of thrashing legs.
This really happened. The year was 1972 and the slumbering passengers were brine shrimp, otherwise known as "sea monkeys", returning from the Apollo 16 moon mission. They had been taken into space to test the impacts of cosmic radiation on astronauts.
This treacherous experiment required a near-indestructible guinea pig. Enter the brine shrimp, whose survival skills defy belief.
You can safely dry them out, set them on fire, dissolve them in alcohol, deprive them of oxygen, zap them with ultraviolet light, boil them at 105 °C or chill them to temperatures approaching absolute zero: the point at which atoms stop moving. They can also survive extremes of pH that would dissolve human flesh, water that is 50% salt, or a bath of insecticides. They are happy in the vacuum of space or at the crushing pressures found under 6,000 metres (20,000 feet) of ocean.
We are now starting to understand how they do it.
Apollo 16 commander John Young on the Moon (Credit: B.A.E. Inc/Alamy Stock Photo)
Space is drenched in high-energy particles called cosmic rays, which easily rip through cells, tissues and the aluminium walls of a spacecraft. The Moon was the perfect place to study their effects.
Brine shrimp look rather fragile, with their wafting legs and long antennae
The "Biostack I" experiment involved stacking brine shrimp embryos, along with plant seeds and bacterial spores, between layers of radiation-sensitive materials. Any rays that passed through the stack would end up on the detection layer, so the NASA scientists knew exactly which passengers had been hit.
Of 110 brine shrimp embryos that took a galactic bullet, many hatched – albeit with deformities – and a few went on to live full shrimp lives.
A follow-up experiment called Biostack II was taken to the Moon by Apollo 17 later the same year. It achieved similar results.
The strange thing is, brine shrimp look rather fragile, with their wafting legs and long antennae. What is their secret?
Great Salt Lake in Utah is home to brine shrimp (Credit: John McLean/Alamy Stock Photo)
Despite their brand name, sea monkeys do not live in the open ocean. They have been splashing around in salty pools and lakes, from the Great Salt Lake in Utah to the Caspian Sea, for over 100 million years.
If you live in a pond, there is always a risk that it will dry out
Brine shrimp are also not shrimp, but they do belong to the same group, the crustaceans. They are tiny, just 15mm long. They eat algae, which they filter out of the water. They swim upside-down and breathe through their legs, and females do not need a male to reproduce.
Crucially, they have a unique affinity for salt. They can tolerate concentrations up to 50%. Such water is far saltier than the ocean, which is only about 3.5% salt, and the salt will be on the verge of precipitating out as a solid. The brine shrimp are fine with this.
But there is a catch: if you live in a pond, there is always a risk that it will dry out. The pools and lakes brine shrimp inhabit frequently disappear for months, years or decades. This should be a gigantic problem, but the brine shrimp simply dry out.
Male brine shrimp have claspers for holding onto females (Credit: Nature Picture Library/Alamy Stock Photo)
When conditions are favourable, female brine shrimp produce thin-shelled eggs that hatch immediately. But when food is scarce or salt levels are rising, they resort to plan B. They produce hard-shelled "cysts", each of which contains a near-fully-developed larva.
Radiocarbon dating estimated they had been lying there for 10,000 years
These cysts are able to withstand near-total dehydration, losing more than 97% of their water content. All their life processes stop and they enter a state of suspended animation called anhydrobiosis, a bizarre stopover between life and death.
As anyone who has kept sea monkeys as pets will know, to resurrect the embryos you just add water. The cysts take on 1.4 times their weight in less than 24 hours, before hatching into larvae the size of the full stop at the end of this sentence. When they first hatch they have just one primitive eye, though they add two more sophisticated eyes later.
It is an aggressive strategy for an aggressive environment, and it works. In the 1990s, oil exploration crews were drilling near the Great Salt Lake when they dredged up a mat of cysts between two layers of salt. Wondering whether they would hatch, they put some in water and reportedly a few did. Radiocarbon dating estimated they had been lying there for 10,000 years.
Water is the liquid in which the molecules inside our cells move and mix, giving rise to life-sustaining chemical reactions. So taking it away brings those processes to a halt.
But for most animals, losing too much bodily water doesn't just shut things down, it causes lethal damage. Humans can only lose 15% of our bodily water, and few animals can lose more than 50%.
As water is removed, the molecules inside our cells lose the three-dimensional network that buoys them up. Proteins, sugars, and chromosomes become warped and break down.
Ice crystals act like tiny knives, ripping cells apart from the inside out
The challenge is to allow molecules to keep their shape as they dry out. For this, brine shrimp have a sweet solution: they turn their cells into solid sugar.
The cysts are loaded with an unusual sugar called trehalose, which makes up 15% of their dry weight. It forms a solid rather like the glass in windows. This "matrix" props up proteins and membranes, maintaining their structures, and freezes them in place.
Trehalose is the magic ingredient uniting most organisms capable of suspended animation, including the near-invincible tardigrades, certain nematode worms, and the larvae of an African fly called the sleeping chironomid.
On its own, trehalose simply allows the brine shrimp to cope with dehydration. But that may be the key to many of their abilities. As it happens, giving up water has some surprising bonuses.
In the warm temperatures humans tend to favour, water is famous for its life-giving properties. But if you chill it or heat it too much, it becomes deadly. Ice crystals act like tiny knives, ripping cells apart from the inside out. Liquid water also expands as it approaches its freezing or boiling point, with similarly lethal effects.
It seems that their willingness to live in toxic places actually means their lives are safer
If you take away water, you take away all these threats. What's more, radiation does not pack much of a punch either.
Normally, cosmic rays interact with water molecules in the body. This unleashes highly reactive forms of oxygen, including chemicals similar to bleach. These chemicals rampage through cells and tissues, destroying anything in their path. Dried-out brine shrimp embryos side-step this danger.
Still, dehydration is not a cure-all. It does not protect DNA from a direct hit by a cosmic ray, or stop proteins unravelling as they heat up. So brine shrimp cysts have evolved several other tricks, from DNA repair molecules to proteins that lack a fixed structure in the first place.
Why did evolution push brine shrimp to become so resilient? It seems that their willingness to live in toxic places actually means their lives are safer.
Great Salt Lake in Utah (Credit: RooM the Agency/Alamy Stock Photo)
Brine shrimp inhabit salt lakes, the conditions in which are so hostile that they are also known as "seas of death". For instance, the Great Salt Lake is between 5 and 27% salt, depending on how much water it holds.
Only a few animals can handle such extremes
The Lake sits at the bottom of a flat basin, which poses an additional challenge. If the water level drops by just a foot, the shoreline could move up to a mile. From 1963 to 1986, the lake swelled by nearly 60%.
If a shrinking shoreline and water saltier than bacon weren't enough, at the Great Salt Lake's high altitude creatures must be able to cope with 15% more ultraviolet light than there is at sea level. The final insult is the risk of suffocation, because salty water holds less dissolved oxygen.
As you might expect, only a few animals can handle such extremes. Apart from the larvae of two species of insectcalled brine flies, brine shrimp have the lake entirely to themselves. That means there are no predators hunting them.
However, brine shrimp's relationship with salt is not entirely positive.
Brine shrimp filter algae from the water (Credit: 3QuarksMedia/Alamy Stock Photo)
Their cells cannot cope with too much salt, so they pump it out of their bodies and their hard exoskeletons stop it creeping back in. This is an energy-sapping process, so you could be forgiven for wondering why they bother to live in the salt lakes at all.
Their diet seems to be the key. In order to survive on tough, toxic algae, brine shrimp have struck up a relationship with the bacteria in their guts, which help them to digest their meals. Odrade Nougué of the University of Montpellier in France wondered if it might be these microbial companions that like salt, not the brine shrimp themselves.
Every summer when females lay their eggs, thick "slicks" marble the lake's surface
It turned out that the sterile brine shrimp did better in low salt, while the bacteria-riddled batch needed lots of salt. To Nougué, this suggests that the brine shrimp are victims of their own symbiotic partners. They cannot live without their gut bacteria and the bacteria want salt, so the brine shrimp have to put up with salt too.
Despite the challenges, living in super-salty water offers big payoffs: it is rich in algae and low in competition. In the Great Salt Lake, brine shrimp number in the billions. Every summer when females lay their eggs, thick "slicks" marble the lake's surface and the shores are awash with their pink offspring. The next spring, as the salt lake warms, billions of tiny larvae begin to hatch.
A swarm of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) (Credit: 3QuarksMedia/Alamy Stock Photo)
All these eggs and brine shrimp mean big business for the region, which collects around 9,000 tonnes of eggs, larvae and adults between October and January. That is equivalent to 45 full-size blue whales.
Freeze-drying could keep vaccines fresh in remote areas where refrigeration is difficult
It is the brine shrimp's very resilience that makes them so appealing. Their cysts are vacuum-packed or canned, and sold around the world. After a 24-hour incubation, the larvae are fed to fish on commercial farms.
They can also be eaten directly, as they have been by Native Americans for thousands of years. They have even been suggested as a source of food for long-term space travel.
Their cysts are also of increasing interest to medicine, thanks to their use of "sugar glass" to survive dehydration. Freeze-drying could keep vaccines fresh in remote areas where refrigeration is difficult, deliver insulin to diabetics without the need for injections, or give blood products like platelets a longer shelf life. Many of these sugar-coated products have already reached clinical trials.
Mon-Stars! Cluster of Massive Suns Spotted by Hubble Telescope (Photo)
Mon-Stars! Cluster of Massive Suns Spotted by Hubble Telescope (Photo)
By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer
The central region of the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud appears in this Hubble Space Telescope image, released March 17, 2016.
Credit: NASA, ESA, P Crowther (University of Sheffield)
Some of the biggest and brightest stars in the universe are packed within a single cluster, a new study reveals.
Researchers used the Hubble Space Telescope to image the young star cluster R136 in ultraviolet (UV) light for the first time. The cluster is located in the Tarantula Nebula of the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy, about 170,000 light-years away from Earth.
The scientists were hunting for very big and very hot stars, which radiate most of their energy in the UV range of the spectrum. And the researchers hit the jackpot, spotting dozens of stars within R136 that are at least 50 times more massive than the sun, and nine that harbor more than 100 solar masses. (One of these giants, the previously discovered R136a1, is the largest known star in the universe, at more than 250 solar masses, NASA officials said.) [Celestial Photos: Hubble Space Telescope's Latest Cosmic Views]
These behemoths are extremely luminous as well as extremely large; together, the nine biggest ones are about 30 million times brighter than the sun, researchers said.
The sheer abundance of these giants in R136, which is just a few light-years wide, should help astronomers better understand how the massive stars form, study team members said.
"There have been suggestions that these monsters result from the merger of less-extreme stars in close binary systems," co-author Saida Caballero-Nieves, of the University of Sheffield in England, said in a statement.
"From what we know about the frequency of massive mergers, this scenario can't account for all the really massive stars that we see in R136, so it would appear that such stars can originate from the star-formation process," Caballero-Nieves added.
The researchers also determined that these enormous stars lose mass extremely quickly over the course of their brief and dramatic lives (which often end with the stars collapsing to become black holes). The stars eject up to one Earth mass of material every month, at speeds that can reach 1 percent the speed of light.
The new study will be published in the monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Hubble : Do You Know the Famous Space Telescope?
The Hubble Space Telescope, a joint project involving NASA and the European Space Agency, launched into orbit in April 1990 with a slightly flawed primary mirror. Spacewalking astronauts fixed the problem in 1993, and upgraded the observatory several more times over the years, with the last servicing mission launching in 2009.
The telescope continues delivering important science, and jaw-dropping images, to this day.
"Once again, our work demonstrates that, despite being in orbit for over 25 years, there are some areas of science for which Hubble is still uniquely capable," study lead author Paul Crowther, also from the University of Sheffield, said in the same statement.
This famous photo showing Pluto's heart-shaped Tombaugh Regio was captured by NASA's New Horizons probe in July 2015.
Credit: NASA/JHUAPL/SWRI
After 76 years of classification as a planet, Pluto was demoted in 2006 to a dwarf planet, in part because of its size but also because of its minor gravitational effects on the bodies around it. When NASA's New Horizons mission visited in 2015, it took the most accurate measurement of the world, revealing it to be larger than previously thought, but still not large enough to be qualified as full-grown planet. Pluto remains one of the most well-known non-planetary bodies in the solar system.
Radius, diameter and circumference
When New Horizons arrived at Pluto, it measured the diameter of the world to be 1,473 miles (2,370 kilometers) across, about two-thirds the diameter of Earth's moon. This makes it larger than the dwarf planet Eris, once thought to be larger than Pluto. Eris is 1,445 miles (2,326 km) in diameter.
"This settles the debate about the largest object in the solar system [beyond Neptune]," New Horizons principal investigator Alan Stern of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, said during a NASA press briefing reviewing the mission flyby. [See a video of Alan Stern discussing Pluto's size]
Unlike many of the planets in the solar system, such as Earth, Pluto does not bulge at its center; its radius — 1,185 km (737 miles) — is the same at its poles and at its equator.
Circumference: If you were to take a walk around the equator of Pluto, you would travel about 4,627 miles (7,445 km). That is just a bit less than the distance from Denver to London (4,683 miles).
Pluto is thought to have a rocky core covered by ice, which would mean that its surface features would change with temperature as it travels closer to and farther from the sun. In fact, as the ice melts, the atmosphere of the tiny body expands outward.
Density, mass and volume
Although all of the planets beyond Mars are gas giants, Pluto is small and rocky. The tiny body has a mass of only 1.31 x 1022 kilograms, about two-tenths of a percent of Earth's. It has a volume of 1.5 billion cubic miles (6.4 billion cubic km).
Pluto's small size and low mass mean that it has a density of 1.86 grams per cubic centimeter according to recent measurements by New Horizons, about 40 percent of Earth's density.
This graphic presents a view of Pluto and Charon as they would appear if placed slightly above Earth's surface and viewed from a great distance.
Credit: NASA
Demoted from planetary status
Since its discovery in 1930, Pluto's status as a planet has been debated. It is less massive than seven of the moons in the solar system — Earth's moon, the four Galilean moons of Jupiter, Neptune's moon Triton, and Saturn's moon Titan. [Infographic: Pluto's 5 Moons Explained]
In 2003, the icy body of Eris was found far beyond the Kuiper Belt. Originally, it appeared to be larger than Pluto. The discovery sparked a debate about what it meant to be a planet.
In 2006, the International Astronomical Union came up with four criteria that cause an object to be classified as a dwarf planet. A dwarf planet:
Orbits the sun
Has enough mass to assume a nearly round shape
Is not a moon
Has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit
Under this criteria, Pluto's low mass does not directly keep it from full planetary status, but the fact that it fails to sweep clean the area surrounding it. Of course, the reason it can't clear out the Kuiper Belt it orbits through is because it lacks the gravitational force to do so, a fact related to its mass.
Mystery bright spots could be first glimpse of another universe
Mystery bright spots could be first glimpse of another universe
Light given off by hydrogen shortly after the big bang has left some unexplained bright patches in space. Are they evidence of bumping into another universe?
Some bubbles are boring
Rudi Sebastian/Plainpicture
THE curtain at the edge of the universe may be rippling, hinting that there’s more backstage. Data from the European Space Agency’s Planck telescope could be giving us our first glimpse of another universe, with different physics, bumping up against our own.
That’s the tentative conclusion of an analysis by Ranga-Ram Chary, a researcher at Planck’s US data centre in California. Armed with Planck’s painstaking map of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) – light lingering from the hot, soupy state of the early universe – Chary revealed an eerie glow that could be due to matter from aneighbouring universe leaking into ours.
This sort of collision should be possible, according to modern cosmological theories that suggest the universe we see is just one bubble among many. Such a multiverse may be a consequence of cosmic inflation, the widely accepted idea that the early universe expanded exponentially in the slimmest fraction of a second after the big bang.
Once it starts, inflation never quite stops, so a multitude of universes becomes nearly inevitable. “I would say most versions of inflation in fact lead to eternal inflation, producing a number of pocket universes,” says Alan Guth of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, an architect of the theory.
Energy hidden in empty space drives inflation, and the amount that’s around could vary from place to place, so some regions would eventually settle down and stop expanding at such a manic pace. But the spots where inflation is going gangbusters would spawn inflating universes. And even areas within these new bubbles could balloon into pocket universes themselves.
“If two bubbles started out close enough that they touched, they could leave an imprint on each other”
Like compositions on the same theme, each universe produced this way would be likely to have its own spin on physics. The matter in some bubbles – the boring ones – would fly apart within 10-40 seconds of their creation. Others would be full of particles and rules similar to ours, or even exactly like ours. In the multiverse of eternal inflation, everything that can happen has happened – and will probably happen again.
That notion could explain why the physical constants of our universe seem to be so exquisitely tuned to allow for galaxies, stars, planets and life (see “Just right for life?“).
Sadly, if they do exist, other bubbles are nigh on impossible to learn about. With the space between them and us always expanding, light is too slow to carry any information between different regions. “They could never even know about each other’s existence,” says Matthew Johnson of York University in Toronto, Canada. “It sounds like a fun idea but it seems like there’s no way to test it.”
Bubble trouble
However, if two bubbles started out close enough that they touched before expanding space pushed them apart forever, they could leave an imprint on each other. “You need to get lucky,” Johnson says.
In 2007, Johnson and his PhD adviser proposed that these clashing bubbles might show up as circular bruises on the CMB. They were looking for cosmic dance partners that resembled our own universe, but with more of everything. That would make a collision appear as a bright, hot ring of photons.
By 2011, they were able to search for them in data from NASA’s WMAP probe, the precursor to Planck. But they came up empty-handed.
“This signal is one of the fingerprints of our own universe. Others should leave a different mark”
Now Chary thinks he may have spotted a different signature of a clash with a foreign universe.
“There are two approaches, looking for different classes of pocket universes,” Johnson says. “They’re hunting for lions, and we’re hunting for polar bears.”
Instead of looking at the CMB itself, Chary subtracted a model of the CMB from Planck’s picture of the entire sky. Then he took away everything else, too: the stars, gas and dust.
With our universe scrubbed away, nothing should be left except noise. But in a certain frequency range, scattered patches on the sky look far brighter than they should. If they check out, these anomalous clumps could be caused by cosmic fist-bumps: our universe colliding with another part of the multiverse (arxiv.org/abs/1510.00126).
These patches look like they come from the era a few hundred thousand years after the big bang when electrons and protons first joined forces to create hydrogen, which emits light in a limited range of colours. We can see signs of that era, called recombination, in the light from that early hydrogen. Studying the light from recombination could be a unique signature of the matter in our universe – and potentially distinguish signs from beyond.
“This signal is one of the fingerprints of our own universe,” says Jens Chluba of the University of Cambridge. “Other universes should leave a different mark.”
Since this light is normally drowned out by the glow of the cosmic microwave background, recombination should have been tough for even Planck to spot. But Chary’s analysis revealed spots that were 4500 times as bright as theory predicts.
One exciting explanation for this is if a surplus of protons and electrons – or something a lot like them – got dumped in at the point of contact with another universe, making the light from recombination a lot brighter. Chary’s patches require the universe at the other end of the collision to have roughly 1000 times as many such particles as ours.
“To explain the signals that Dr Chary found with the cosmological recombination radiation, one needs a large enhancement in the number of [other particles] relative to photons,” Chluba says. “In the realm of alternative universes, this is entirely possible.”
Of course there are caveats, and recent history provides an important reality check. In 2014, a team using the BICEP2 telescope at the South Pole announced another faint signal with earth-shaking cosmological implications. The spirals of polarised light, spotted in the cosmic background, would have provided more observational evidence for the idea of inflation and helped us understand how inflation occurred. But it turned out that signal came from dust grains within our galaxy.
Princeton University’s David Spergel, who played a major role in debunking the BICEP2 finding, thinks dust may again be clouding our cosmological insights. “I suspect that it would be worth looking into alternative possibilities,” he says. “The dust properties are more complicated than we have been assuming, and I think that this is a more plausible explanation.”
Joseph Silk of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, is even more pessimistic, calling claims of an alternate universe “completely implausible”. While he thinks the paper is a good analysis of anomalies in Planck data, Silk also believes something is getting in the way. “My view is that they are almost certainly due to foregrounds,” he says.
Chary acknowledges that his idea is as tentative as it is exciting. “Unusual claims like evidence for alternate universes require a very high burden of proof,” he writes.
He makes an effort to rule out more prosaic explanations. If it is dust, Chary argues, it would be the coldest dust we’ve ever seen. It’s probably not noise masquerading as a signal. It could be carbon monoxide moving toward us, but we don’t usually see that. It could be faraway carbon, but that emission is too weak.
“I am certain he made every effort to ensure that the analysis is solid,” says Chluba. Even so, foregrounds and poorly understood patterns could still be the source of the signals. “It will be important to carry out an independent analysis and confirm his finding,” Chluba says.
Sensitive solutions
One obstacle to checking is that we’re limited by the data itself. Planck was hyper-sensitive to the cosmic microwave background, but it wasn’t intended to measure the spectral distortions Chary is looking for. Johnson’s team also plans to use Planck to look for their own alternate universes, once the data they need is released to the public – but they estimate that Planck will only make them twice as sensitive to the bubble collisions they’re looking for as they were with WMAP.
An experiment that could help might be on its way. Scientists at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center plan to submitPIXIE, the Primordial Inflation Explorer, to be considered for funding at the end of 2016.
PIXIE’s spectral resolution could help characterise Chary’s signals if they really are there, Chluba says. But even if they aren’t, reconstructing how inflation happened could still lead us once again back to the multiverse – and tell us what kind of bubble collisions we should look for next (see diagram).
Just right for life?
If our universe is just one of many, that could explain why it seems so exquisitely tuned for our existence.
If dark energy, the repulsive influence hiding in empty space that speeds up the expansion of the universe, were just a little stronger, matter would be flung apart before galaxies could ever form. If it were attractive instead, the universe would collapse. But it is shockingly puny, and that’s weird, unless our universe is one of many in the multiverse.
Compared with what we might expect from quantum theory, dark energy is 120 orders of magnitude too small. So far, no compelling explanation for that discrepancy has emerged. But if the multiverse exists, and dark energy varies from bubble to bubble (see main story), that might not seem so strange.
That’s because our own universe might be an oddball compared to most bubbles. In many, dark energy would be too strong for galaxies, stars and planets to form, but not in all. “Plenty of them would have energies as small as what we observe,” says physicist Alan Guth of MIT.
That still leaves us struggling to explain why our universe is one of the special ones. Our best answer so far, Guth says, is a philosophical headache: our universe has to be special because we are alive in it. In a more average region, where dark energy is stronger, stars, planets, and life would never have evolved.
That could mean life only exists in a sliver of the multiverse, with any conscious beings convinced their own slice of space is special, too.
This article appeared in print under the headline “A brush with a universe next door”
Pluto's 'Unprecedented' Ice Provinces and Other Surprises from NASA's New Horizons
Pluto's 'Unprecedented' Ice Provinces and Other Surprises from NASA's New Horizons
By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer
View of Pluto's atmosphere captured by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft during its July 2015 flyby of the dwarf planet.
Credit: G.R. Gladstone et al./Science (2016)
Pluto, known for more than eight decades as just a faint, fuzzy and faraway point of light, is shaping up to be one of the most complex and diverse worlds in the solar system.
Pluto's frigid surface varies tremendously from place to place, featuring provinces dominated by different types of ices — methane in one place, nitrogen in another and water in yet another, newly analyzed photos and measurements from NASA's New Horizons mission reveal.
"That is unprecedented," said New Horizons principal investigator Alan Stern, who's based at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. [Photos of Pluto and Its Moons]
"I don't know any other place in the entirety of the outer solar system where you see anything like this," Stern told Space.com. "The closest analogy is the Earth, where we see water-rich surfaces and rock-rich surfaces that are completely different."
That's just one of the new Pluto results, which are presented in a set of five New Horizons papers published online today (March 17) in the journal Science. Taken together, the five studies paint the Pluto system in sharp detail, shedding new light on the dwarf planet's composition, geology and evolution over the past 4.6 billion years.
Pluto was discovered in 1930 by American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh. The dwarf planet remained largely mysterious for many years thereafter, because it lies so far from Earth.
Pluto orbits in the Kuiper Belt, the icy realm beyond Neptune, at an average distance from the sun of about 40 astronomical units (AU). (One AU is the distance from the Earth to the sun — about 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometers.) That's so remote that even the best photo by NASA's famous Hubble Space Telescope portrays the dwarf planet as a mere blur of pixels.
But things began changing in a big way on July 14, 2015. On that day, New Horizons performed the first-ever flyby of Pluto, coming within just 7,800 miles (12,550 km) of its surface. The spacecraft saw towering water-ice mountains; flowing nitrogen-ice glaciers; pebbly "snakeskin" terrain; a vast, crater-free plain known as Sputnik Planum; and many other features that scientists are still trying to figure out.
One of the new papers dives deeply into the geology of these features, revealing new insights about their possible origin and evolution. The 620-mile-wide (1,000 km), nitrogen-ice-dominated Sputnik Planum, for example, apparently sits atop a huge and ancient impact basin, mission scientists say. [Sharpest Pluto Surface View Released by New Horizons Team (Video)]
Sputnik Planum is smooth and pristine, bearing no impact scars. This shows that the region was resurfaced extremely recently — 10 million years ago at most, and possibly much more recently than that, researchers said.
But other parts of Pluto harbor lots of visible craters, and some regions have a middling number, suggesting that the dwarf planet has been geologically active on a large scale over its entire history.
This finding came as a big surprise when it was first announced last year. Earth remains geologically active because it has a hot, molten core. Some icy satellites, such as Saturn's moon Enceladus and the Jovian moon Europa, also harbor substantial internal heat, which is generated by the powerful gravitational tug of their giant parent planets. But something else is likely happening at Pluto.
"I think we have to rethink our whole understanding of geophysics — how you keep small planets active over time," Stern said.
Stern isn't sure what exactly is going on, but he has a favorite hypothesis: that a subsurface Pluto ocean has been slowly freezing over the eons.
"As it freezes, it releases latent heat," he said. "It may be the freezing of this ocean that's powering all this geology."
These maps of water ice on Pluto's surface were created using measurements made by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft during its July 2015 flyby of the dwarf planet. The map at left is an early effort; the one at right used modeling techniques to achieve greater sensitivity.
Credit: NASA/JHUIAPL/SwRI
More geology insights
The new geology paper also discusses and interprets a number of other Pluto features, such as the huge, dark-red Cthulhu Regio — which appears to owe its color to hefty concentrations of tholins, complex organic molecules that drifted down out of the dwarf planet's atmosphere — and the towering peaks Wright Mons and Piccard Mons.
Wright Mons is perhaps 2.5 miles (4 km) high and 90 miles (150 km) wide. Piccard Mons is even bigger, rising about 3.7 miles into the Pluto sky and measuring 140 miles (225 km) across. Both of these peaks may have formed from cryovolcanic activity, the researchers said. [Ice Volcanoes on Pluto? New Imagery Points to It (Video)]
New Horizons also spotted long tectonic faults with very steep associated scarps — characteristics that suggest Pluto has a thick crust composed of water ice, mission team members said.
One of the other new Science papers maps out the distribution of various ices across Pluto's surface. This material — primarily frozen methane, nitrogen, carbon monoxide and water — is deposited in a curiously distinct way, researchers found; some Pluto provinces are dominated by nitrogen ice, others by methane and so on (though there are places, such as Sputnik Planum, where several different ices are found in abundance).
This pattern suggests that volatile material (nitrogen, methane and carbon monoxide) is being moved around by sublimation, condensation and glacial flows on both seasonal and geological time scales, the researchers said.
New Horizons’ Best View of Pluto’s Craters, Mountains and Icy Plains
One of the other new Science papers focuses on Pluto's wispy atmosphere. This study also delivered some surprising results.
For example, New Horizons found that Pluto's upper atmosphere — the part that's more than 120 miles (200 km) above the surface — is a lot colder than pre-flyby modeling work had predicted, researchers said. In addition, the dwarf planet is losing its atmosphere at a much lower rate than scientists had thought.
Modeling studies had predicted that Pluto would be outgassing at cometary rates, losing lots of gas molecules to space every second. But New Horizons' measurements showed a mere leak rather than a gush — in fact, the model estimates were off by a factor of about 5,000.
"That shows the power of having a spacecraft there — actually going to see," Stern said.
These twin atmospheric surprises — the cold high-altitude temperatures and the low escape rate — are closely related, Stern added. Cold molecules are less energetic, and are therefore less likely to break free of Pluto's gravitational bonds.
Pluto does not cruise through space by itself. The dwarf planet has five moons — Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx. The latter four are tiny, measuring just a few dozen miles wide at most, but Charon is 750 miles (1,200 km) across — more than half as wide as Pluto itself. Indeed, scientists regard Pluto and Charon as a binary system.
New Horizons studied these five satellites during its July 2015 flyby, and the new papers provide some insight into their origin and evolution as well.
For example, Charon and Pluto are very different worlds. The big moon shows no evidence of recent geological activity (though it boasts deep canyons, and was probably active until about 4 billion years ago), and its surface is dominated by water ice, with no sign of large-scale movement of volatile ices such as methane and nitrogen.
"Whether this is because Charon's near-surface volatile ices have sublimated and have been totally lost to space, owing to that body's lower gravity, or whether something more fundamental related to the origin of the binary and subsequent internal evolution is responsible, remains to be determined," study lead author Jeffrey Moore, of NASA's Ames Research Center in California, and his colleagues wrote in the Science paper.
In one of the other new studies, Pluto's four smaller moons are examined. These bodies are all quite reflective, suggesting that their surfaces are dominated by water ice, like Charon (but unlike Pluto). In addition, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx are all spinning quite fast, and their rotational axes are off-kilter compared to those of Pluto and Charon, the authors wrote.
In general, these characteristics bolster the hypothesis that a giant, long-ago impact created the Pluto-Charon binary system, the researchers said. The four small moons are basically shrapnel thrown off by that ancient impact, the thinking goes. (The small satellites are much brighter than typical Kuiper Belt objects, suggesting that they're not pre-existing bodies that were captured by the Pluto-Charon pair.)
Pluto Quiz: How Well Do You Know the Dwarf Planet?
Pluto, the most famous dwarf planet in our solar system, underwent a well-publicized (and somewhat controversial) reclassification that took away its title as the ninth and most distant planet from the sun. So, how well do you know this fascinating world?
More data coming
The five papers, which you can read for free on Science's website, don't represent New Horizons' last word on Pluto — far from it. For example, mission team members plan to present more new results next week at the 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas.
And there's still a lot of flyby data left to analyze. New Horizons has beamed only half of the close-encounter images and measurements back to mission control, Stern said; the entire treasure trove likely won't be on the ground until October.
New Horizons may also perform another flyby that could help scientists better understand Pluto's neighborhood. The spacecraft is currently cruising toward a small Kuiper Belt object called 2014 MU69, which lies about 1 billion miles (1.6 billion km) beyond Pluto. If NASA approves and funds a proposed extended mission, New Horizons will study 2014 MU69 up close on Jan. 1, 2019.
A depiction of Alaric I, king of the Visigoths, in Athens, by German painter Ludwig Thiersch.
The Goths were a people who flourished in Europe throughout ancient times and into the Middle Ages. Referred to at times as “barbarians,” they are famous for sacking the city of Rome in A.D. 410.
Ironically, however, they are often credited with helping preserve Roman culture. After the sacking of Rome, a group of Goths moved to Gaul (in modern-day France) and Iberia and formed the Visigothic Kingdom. This kingdom would eventually incorporate Catholic Christianity, Roman artistic traditions and other aspects of Roman culture. The last Gothic kingdom fell to the Moors in A.D. 711.The Goths were a people who flourished in Europe throughout ancient times and into the Middle Ages. Referred to at times as “barbarians,” they are famous for sacking the city of Rome in A.D. 410.
Today, the meaning of the word "Goth" has evolved beyond any direct relationship to the ancient Goths. In the late Middle Ages, a style of architecture arose, characterized by large, imposing cathedrals and castles. The term "Gothic" was applied to the style as a critique, the word even at that time being a synonym for "barbaric."
During the 18th and 19th centuries, a genre of dark, romantic literature called "Gothic fiction" flourished. Characterized by novels such as Bram Stoker's "Dracula," Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" and the works of Edgar Allen Poe, the genre got its name from the Gothic locations in which the stories took place — for example, Dracula's dark, foreboding castle.
In modern times, "Goth" has been used for a subculture with its own style of music, aesthetic and fashion. The dark, often gloomy Goth imagery was influenced by Gothic fiction, particularly horror movies.
From an island in the north?
Where exactly the ancient Goths came from is a mystery. In the sixth century A.D., the writer Jordanes (who was likely Gothic himself) wrote a history of the Goths. He claimed that the Goths came from a cold island called “Scandza,” possibly modern-day Scandinavia. When they would have lived there is unknown.
“Now from the island of Scandza, as from a hive of races or a womb of nations, the Goths are said to have come forth long ago under their king, Berig by name,” he wrote (translation by Charles Mierow). After a series of migrations south, they found themselves living close to the borders of the Roman Empire.
Our knowledge about the Goths before they interacted extensively with the Romans is limited. They had a written language of sorts that made use of runic inscriptions; however, few of these inscriptions have been found and those that survive are quite short. Their religion may have made use of shamans, people who could have acted as intermediaries between themselves and the gods.
Goths vs. Greeks
During the third century, the Goths launched a series of invasions against Roman-controlled Greece. Fragments of a text discussing these attacks, written by a third-century Athens writer named Dexippus, were recently discovered in the Austrian National Library and detailed in the Journal of Roman Studies.
Dexippus said that the Roman Emperor Decius (who reigned A.D. 249–251) led the Roman army against the Goths but suffered a series of defeats, losing both territory and men. The text also tells of a battle between the Goths and Greeks that took place at the pass of Thermopylae. The Goth army was trying to reach Athens while a Greek force had fortified the pass in an attempt to stop them. The fragment ends before the outcome of the battle is known.
Contact with Rome
Also in the third century A.D., the Goths launched a series of raids into the Roman Empire. “The first known attack came in 238, when Goths sacked the city of Histria at the mouth of the river Danube. A series of much more substantial land incursions followed a decade later,” writes Peter Heather, a professor at King’s College London, in his book “The Goths” (Blackwell Publishers, 1996).
He notes that in A.D. 268, a massive expedition of Goths, along with other groups also called barbarians, broke into the Aegean Sea, wreaking havoc. They attacked a number of settlements, including Ephesus (a city in Anatolia inhabited by Greeks), where they destroyed a temple dedicated to the goddess Diana.
“The destruction wrought by this combined assault on land and sea were severe, and prompted a fierce Roman response. Not only were the individual groups defeated, but no major raid ever again broke through the Dardanelles,” writes Heather.
The Goths' tumultuous relationship with Rome would continue into the fourth century. While Goths served as Roman soldiers, and trade took place across the Danube River, there was plenty of conflict.
Heather notes that a Gothic group called the Tervingi intervened in Roman imperial politics, supporting two unsuccessful claimants to the emperorship. In A.D. 321, they supported Licinius against Constantine, and in A.D. 365, they supported Procopius against Valens. In both instances this backfired, with Constantine and Valens launching attacks against the Tervingi after becoming emperor.
As contact with Rome intensified, a form of Christianity known as Arianism spread among the Goths.
“In the 340s, the Arian Gothic bishop Ulfilas or Wulfila (d. 383) translated the Bible into the Gothic language in a script based chiefly upon the uncial Greek alphabet and said to have been invented by Ulfilas for the purpose,” writes Robin Sowerby, a lecturer at the University of Stirling, in an article in the book “A New Companion to the Gothic” (Wiley, 2012).
In time, the Goths would adopt the Catholic form of Christianity that came to be used in Rome.
Pushed out by the Huns
This complicated relationship would be forever altered with the appearance north of the Danube of a new group, called the Huns, around A.D. 375. The Huns pushed the Goths into Roman territory.
The Goths, seeking refuge among the Romans, were treated poorly. Lacking food, they were forced to sell their children into slavery at humiliating prices.
“When the barbarians after their crossing were harassed by lack of food, those most hateful [Roman] generals devised a disgraceful traffic; they exchanged every dog that their insatiability could gather from far and wide for one slave each, and among these were carried off also sons of the chieftains,” wrote Ammianus Marcellinus who lived in the fourth century A.D. (translation by John C. Rolfe).
After being refused entry to the city of Marcianople, the Goths revolted, roaming across the Balkans, plundering Roman towns.
Emperor Valens, who ruled the eastern half of the Roman Empire, personally led an army into the Balkans to subdue the Goths. On August 9, A.D. 378, this army engaged the Goths near the city of Adrianople (also called Hadrianopolis). Valens underestimated the size of the Gothic force. As a result, his army was outflanked by the Goths and annihilated, the emperor himself killed.
“Just when it first became dark, the emperor being among a crowd of common soldiers, as it was believed — for no one said either that he had seen him, or been near him — was mortally wounded with an arrow, and, very shortly after, died, though his body was never found,” wrote Marcellinus (translation by C.D. Yonge).
Valens' successor, Theodosius, made a treaty with the Goths that lasted up until his death in A.D. 395.
Rise of Alaric
After A.D. 395, the treaty with Rome fell apart. A Gothic leader named Alaric rose to pre-eminence, leading the Goths into battle against both the eastern and western halves of the Roman Empire.
The conflict that followed was complicated. Alaric wanted to make a deal that would result in the Goths under his command getting good farmland and monetary rewards. He undertook raids to pressure the Romans.
Heather writes that by A.D. 403, Alaric was in the Balkans, finding himself an “outlaw rejected by both halves of the Empire.” An attempt by Alaric to move the Goths into Italy had failed, and there had been a massacre of the Gothic inhabitants of Constantinople in A.D. 400.
Fortunes changed for Alaric and the Goths when the Western Roman Empire began to crumble. The emperor Honorius faced rebellion among his army and a usurper named Constantine III amassed territory in Britain and Gaul. In the wake of these problems, Honorius had his general, Stilicho, killed in A.D. 408.
Seeing weakness, Alaric advanced into Italy a second time, finding support from Stilicho’s former supporters as well as runaway slaves. He was camped outside of Rome by A.D. 410, using the city as a bargaining chip in an effort to get concessions from Honorius’ government. After a series of unsuccessful negotiations, Alaric sacked the city on Aug. 24.
Two kingdoms
Alaric would die a few months after the sacking of Rome. During the fifth century A.D., as the Western Roman Empire faded, two Gothic kingdoms would rise up. In Iberia and southwest Gaul, the Visigothic Kingdom would be formed. This kingdom would last until A.D. 711, when it fell to an invasion by the Moors. However, they slowly regained control and in 718 founded the Kingdom of Asturias, which evolved into modern Portugal and Spain.
Meanwhile in Italy, the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths came into existence by the end of the fifth century A.D., eventually dominating the entire peninsula. This kingdom was short-lived, falling to Justinian I, emperor of the Byzantine Empire, within a few decades.
As Europe entered the Dark Ages, the Visigothic Kingdom would help preserve many aspects of Roman culture including its religion and artistic traditions. It’s ironic that the Goths, the people who had sacked Rome in A.D. 410, helped carry Roman culture into the time to come.
Never Before Seen UFOs Burst Through the Sky Over Melbourne, Australia
Never Before Seen UFOs Burst Through the Sky Over Melbourne, Australia
UFOs come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and although some would think they’ve seen them all, there are always unique appearances which resemble nothing seen so far. Such is the case of this amazing catch surprised by a skilled sky watcher over Melbourne, Australia.
Filmed by UFO Lou of YouTube a few years ago, the sighting has stirred up the entire UFO community as people were unable to explain this bizarre event. It looks like a fireworks spectacle, but the presented footage clearly removes this hypothesis, as no fire comes out of it. So what could these bizarre UFOs be? Are they caused by a natural phenomenon, or are they rather organic beings known as Zeroids.
Back in 2012 when UFO Lou captured the footage, he became truly amazed of what he was witnessing, since the vast knowledge of these flying objects couldn’t explain what those were. He offered a short analysis of the objects in the video’s description that clearly expressed his enthusiasm:
I fell off my chair when I saw this! Lou said before offering additional details on the topic. Camera is a low light security camera with a 6mm lens. Objects are clearly behind the tree top at the bottom of the screen…keep in mind this is near a ‘fisheye lens’…these objects are very large, yet very distant.
The video clearly shows how five UFOs ascend from the ground and burst through the sky leaving a glimmering trail behind. They are very fast and appear to keep a certain flying order. The sighting is indeed unique, as we cannot compare it with anything seen so far, except for the fireworks hypothesis.
According to UFO Lou, the objects are very large, but because of the distance they appear like small sparkles dashing through the sky. They could pose as artificial crafts, but the long, glowing tail left behind by each of these UFOs tend to diminish this hypothesis.
The probability of them being fragments which fell off a meteor is also unlikely because such sightings are coming from space and are heading towards the Earth, while in this case they are clearly following an ascendant path. Also, the meteors would only be seen for a brief amount of time.
So, that only leaves us with the organic entities hypothesis, which seems the most plausible. These otherworldly beings are fairly malleable and can change their size and shape. They were seen ‘dancing’ through the sky while performing impossible maneuvers at tremendous speeds, so this well-known characteristics indicate that what Lou captured back in 2012 is a rare example of organic UFOs.
However, not every aspect matches the description, as these organic entities are known to develop a circular shield around them whenever they enter our realm. They also pulsate and are mostly seen without the tail. But, since the UFO phenomenon is so wide, the appearances can vary exponentially.
If these are indeed organic UFOs, the possibility of them residing on our planet, or even within it becomes extremely likely. Since the human eye can only perceive a small portion of the light spectrum, it’s hard to witness such events without the proper filters or cameras. However, it’s also plausible that such sightings occur on a daily basis all around us, but we are unable to see them because our vision is not well-adapted for the entire spectrum of light. The fact that some are visible even without special equipment could be because of the energy field they form around them, that’s powerful enough for our eyes to perceive.
Whatever the case, there are still countless mysteries waiting to be uncovered or solved, and making small steppes in that direction each day, will allow for a better understanding of this great puzzle we call life. Share the word and help others see these wonders.
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Researchers Discover an Underwater Stonehenge in North America
Researchers Discover an Underwater Stonehenge in North America
The renowned Stonehenge in the UK is a prehistoric monument dating back more than 5,000 years. It offers a thorough perspective of the past, and how the ancients engaged in their religious rituals. But is the Stonehenge from the UK the work of a local group, or is this design of standing stones spread across the world, incorporating other cultures and religions?
According to BLDGBLOG, a massive stone structure strongly resembling the UK Stonehenge has been discovered by Mark Holley, professor of underwater archeology at Northwestern Michigan College. While cruising on a ship geared with sonar equipment, the professor and his colleague Brian Abbott observed on the boat’s radar an odd-looking formation. While they were on a mission to examine old boat wrecks, they stumbled upon a more ancient find than what they would had first expected.
After diving into the Grand Traverse Bay, they found a bizarre standing-stones formation arranged in a circle 40 feet below the surface of Lake Michigan. One of the stones situated outside the circle had embedded on it a carving of a mastodon – a distant relative of elephants derived from the Mammut genus that inhabited North and Central America more than 10,000 years ago.
When you see it in the water, you’re tempted to say this is absolutely real, Holley said. But that’s what we need the experts to come in and verify.
After experts were presented with relevant imagery from the bottom of the lake, they concluded that more evidence is needed in order to confirm this amazing find. At first, they investigated the picture showing a mastodon carving on one of the rocks found in the vicinity of the Stonehenge, but in order to authenticate it, they had to dive and see it with their own eyes. However, the group of researchers ran into some problems.
MARK HOLLEY EXPLAINS WHAT HE THINKS IS AN ANCIENT CARVING OF A MASTODON CARVED INTO A ROCK RECENTLY FOUND IN 40 FEET OF WATER IN GRAND TRAVERSE BAY. THE RED LINES FOLLOW ETCHINGS MADE IN THE ROCK, HE SAID.
They want to actually see it, said Holley. Experts in petroglyphs generally don’t dive, so we’re running into a bit of a stumbling block there.
The underwater stone formation, if authenticated, wouldn’t be completely out of the ordinary, as other stone circles and petroglyph sites are found in the Great Lakes area, but it can bring valuable insight of how evolved our ancestors were. It can also link this Stonehenge to the one from the UK, thus challenging some modern-day beliefs of cultures evolving independently, without any influence from other sources of knowledge.
So, how did this typical stone circle design reach so many places in the world? Is it possible that this knowledge was transmitted by an ancient and advanced species that had means to travel all across the globe?
The recent findings on Mars of a similar Stonehenge that had been spotted by UFO hunters indicate that the ancient builders didn’t limit themselves to Earth. It’s likely that at some point in time they’ve decided to leave the Earth in order to put their mark on other planets, or according to another theory, the ancient Martian people imprinted their knowledge on Earth after the Red Planet couldn’t sustain life anymore.
STONEHENGE ON MARS
If a massive Martian migration occurred in the past we can only speculate, but if it happened, it’s logical to assume that the early humans did not possess the required capabilities of understanding and working with ‘modern’ equipment that had presumably been brought from the neighboring planet, so the ancients shared a more rudimental knowledge with the early inhabitants of our planet.
Whatever the case, the Stonehenge from North America, if authenticated, may challenge the scientific way of thinking that has been regarded as absolute proof until now. Furthermore, keeping an open mind may lead to a more conclusive perspective of humanity’s past than what science is giving us.
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Ancient Alien Outpost Found On Mars?
Ancient Alien Outpost Found On Mars?
A remarkable artefact has been found on the red planet by the Mars Curiosity Rover.
The artefact which could be the remnants of a martian outpost or possibly the top half of a partially buried flying saucer was photographed by the rover as it surveyed the martian surface.
See where and how to locate object for yourself. NASA is giving us this opportunity. Take it.
Scans van graftombe Toetanchamon onthullen verborgen kamers die ‘mogelijk ontdekking van de eeuw bevatten’
Scans van graftombe Toetanchamon onthullen verborgen kamers die ‘mogelijk ontdekking van de eeuw bevatten’
Er is 90 procent kans dat zich achter de graftombe van farao Toetanchamon twee geheime kamers bevinden. Dat heeft de Egyptische minister van Oudheden Mamduh al-Damati op een persconferentie gezegd. Volgens de minister kunnen de ruimtes de ‘ontdekking van de eeuw bevatten’.
Hij baseert zijn uitspraken op nieuw radaronderzoek dat is uitgevoerd door Japanse experts. Het bestaan van de geheime kamers was een hypothese van de Britse archeoloog-egyptoloog Nicholas Reeves. Hij ontdekte sporen van geheime deuren en vermoedde dat Toetanchamon na zijn onverwachte overlijden snel werd bijgeplaatst in een al bestaande tombe.
Metaal en organische materiaal
De minister voegde toe dat de scans hebben aangetoond dat er in de twee ruimtes metaal en organisch materiaal aanwezig zijn. Over de precieze inhoud kan hij nog geen duidelijkheid geven.
Reeves vermoedt dat één van de geheime ruimtes het stoffelijk overschot van koningin Nefertiti bevat, die destijds de ‘mooiste vrouw van de wereld’ werd genoemd. Maar el-Damati heeft daar voorlopig nog geen bewijzen van. Hij denkt eerder aan een echtgenote van de vader van Toetanchamon, farao Achnaton (Amenhotep IV), of een zus of halfzus van Toetanchamon.
Big bang
Vorige maand liet de Egyptische minister van Toerisme Hisham Zaazou zich al enthousiast uit over de mogelijke ontdekking van een geheime kamer achter de tombe van Toetanchamon. Hij sprak van ‘de ontdekking van de 21e eeuw’ die ‘voor een big bang zal zorgen’.
Toetanchamon is vooral bekend om zijn gouden dodenmasker en om speculaties over zijn precieze doodsoorzaak. Op 31 maart zullen nieuwe tests worden gedaan om meer te weten te komen over de ruimtes.
Vrouw verdwijnt op mysterieuze wijze tijdens interview op Deense tv
Vrouw verdwijnt op mysterieuze wijze tijdens interview op Deense tv
In Denemarken is ophef ontstaan na een live tv-interview op TV2. Terwijl een journalist een atleet op het vliegveld van Kopenhagen vragen stelt, lijkt een vrouw op de achtergrond in het niets te verdwijnen.
De vrouw staat te wachten op haar bagage. Als een andere vrouw voorbijloopt, is de eerste vrouw plotseling verdwenen, alsof ze weggetoverd is. Veel kijkers van het programma SportsCenter op de Deense zender TV2 merkten het gekke voorval op en al snel deden allerlei theorieën de ronde.
Er is wel een logische verklaring: misschien bukte ze net. Op internet gonst het in ieder geval van de geruchten. Velen proberen een verklaring te bedenken voor de wonderbaarlijke verdwijning.
“NASA-beelden tonen deur aan zonneoppervlak die wordt gebruikt door moederschepen”
“NASA-beelden tonen deur aan zonneoppervlak die wordt gebruikt door moederschepen”
Een foto die door zonnesatelliet SOHO van de NASA is gemaakt bewijst volgens sommige UFO-onderzoekers dat de zon hol is. De foto zou een reusachtige deur tonen die wordt gebruikt door moederschepen, melden Britse media.
YouTube-gebruiker TheWatcher252 plaatste op 14 maart een filmpje over de ongewone vorm en denkt dat het gaat om een reusachtig buitenaards schip.
De foto bewijst volgens sommigen dat de zon een kunstmatige holle structuur is waarin een wereld schuilgaat die 1000 keer groter is dan de onze. Anderen geloven dat de deur een ‘buitenaardse megastructuur’ is die bestaat uit miljarden zonnepanelen.
Scott Waring van UFO Sightings Daily zei over de ontdekking: “Deze week opende een reusachtige deur op de zon, die moederschepen in staat stelde naar binnen en naar buiten te vliegen.”
De bedenker van de theorie van de holle zon is Jeffrey Wolynski. Volgens de theorie zal de zon uiteindelijk krimpen, afkoelen en imploderen. Wolynski claimt dat de zon veel jonger is dan de aarde en dat jonge sterren geen kern hebben.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.