The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
13-04-2016
Experts verdeeld over ‘bouwwerk van beschaving die zijn tijd ver vooruit was’
Experts verdeeld over ‘bouwwerk van beschaving die zijn tijd ver vooruit was’
Een reusachtige bal die is ontdekt in Bosnië, is momenteel hét onderwerp van gesprek onder archeologen. Als we de Bosnische archeoloog Semir Osmanagic mogen geloven is het de oudste en zwaarste steen die werd gemaakt door mensenhanden.
Hij claimt dat de perfect ronde bol, met een omtrek van 8 tot 10 meter, 1500 jaar oud is en werd achtergelaten door een oude beschaving die zijn tijd ver vooruit was. Hij wordt gesteund door zijn collega-onderzoeker Sam Osmanagic, die beweert dat er nog veel meer bollen zijn gevonden, maar dat deze in de jaren zeventig werden vernietigd omdat er volgens een legende goud in zat.
Natuurlijk proces
Sommige experts zetten vraagtekens bij de verklaring van de Bosnische Indiana Jones. President van de Europese Vereniging van Archeologen Anthony Harding noemt de bewering van Osmanagic bijvoorbeeld ‘een totale absurditeit’.
Mandy Edwards van de Universiteit van Manchester beweert dat de gigantische bal in Podubravlje is ontstaan door een natuurlijk proces van sedimentatie. Het is nu aan Osmanagic om te bewijzen dat hij gelijk heeft.
Vergevorderde technieken
“Deze bol bewijst dat de mensen in dit gebied vergevorderde technieken hadden om objecten te maken,” zei hij. “We hebben hier nooit eerder over geschreven. Maar als ik gelijk heb, is dit de grootse en zwaarste bol ooit gevonden in Europa.”
Osmanagic haalde in 2005 het nieuws met een vondst in Visoko. Hij denkt aan te kunnen tonen dat een cluster van heuvels uit piramides bestond. Eén daarvan zou zelfs groter zijn dan de Grote Piramide van Gizeh.
UFO'S MET INZITTENDEN TERUG BOVEN TURKYE ( VIDEO )
UFO'S MET INZITTENDEN TERUG BOVEN TURKYE ( VIDEO )
In 2007 werden opnames gemaakt die behoren tot de meest spectaculaire ooit van een UFO met inzittenden boven Turkije.
Nu zijn er opnieuw beelden gemaakt van een UFO boven de zee bij Turkije en er zijn mensen die denken dat het om dezelfde gaat als die die al eerder is gezien.
Eén van de meest spectaculaire UFO opnames ooit werden gemaakt in Turkije in 2007. Een nachtwaker slaagde er nacht na nacht in prachtige opnames te maken waarbij zelfs de inzittenden zichtbaar waren.
Nu lijkt het erop alsof dezelfde soort UFO na een afwezigheid van zo’n negen jaar weer terug is. Vorige week is er door een aantal mensen in een hotel in de badplaats Antalya een aantal foto’s genomen.
De getuigen vertellen het volgende:
Wij bevonden ons in een hotel in Antalya. We zaten wat met de hele familie met elkaar te praten.
Opeens zagen wij een glinsterend object dat vreemd bewegingen maakte. Wij dachten eerst dat het een met helium gevulde ballon, metallic ballon was.
Eerst ging het naar het noorden, kwam toen terug en bleef boven de zee hangen. We waren heel verbaasd en hebben vijf verschillende foto’s gemaakt met een Canon zoom lens.
Als je naar de foto’s kijkt, lijkt het in eerste instantie alsof er een deur wordt geopend en in de laatste zie je duidelijk de bekende UFO vorm. Toen wij een zesde foto wilden nemen, was het opeens verdwenen.
Iemand die veel tijd heeft besteed aan het UFO fenomeen in Turkije, waaronder ook de waarnemingen van 2007, is Scott Waring. Hij zegt ervan overtuigd te zijn dat de UFO die we hierboven zien, verband houdt met die uit 2007 of misschien wel dezelfde is.
Daarnaast is hij ervan overtuigd dat er zich ergens voor de Turkse kust een UFO onderwaterbasis bevindt.
Enkele van de meest spectaculaire UFO-opnames ooit zijn ook gefilmd in Turkije. Het begon in 2007 met beelden gemaakt door de nachtwaker Yalcin Yalmin in de Turkse plaats Kumburgaz. Deze opnames waren dermate spectaculair dat zelfs de inzittenden, Grey Aliens, werden vastgelegd op de film.
Deze opnames haalden de Turkse media en de videofilm van Yalmin werd door allerlei experts onderzocht en bleek echt te zijn. (Redactie: kijk goed naar de beelden en laat het eens écht inzinken.... dit is realiteit! Er is Disclosure, ook door watMedvedev nu voor de camera heeft gezegd en nog steeds wordt er op een manier over gesproken onder mensen alsof die Disclosure nog moet komen. Die is er al!) In 2008 werd nogmaals hetzelfde object op de film vastgelegd. Dit wekte ook de belangstelling van onderzoeker Dr. Roger Leir die zelf afreisde naar Turkije en er persoonlijk in slaagde om in 2009 ook wederom deze zelfde UFO te filmen.
In de hiernavolgende video zijn de opnames te zien die in 2007, 2008 en 2009 zijn gemaakt met een toelichting van Dr. Roger Leir.
Het is afkomstig uit hetzelfde artikel dat prominent in beeld kwam toen Filemon in maart 2014 op bezoek kwam voor het maken van een reportage voor de BNN Social Club.
Mensen die zelf UFO’s waargenomen hebben, hoeven niet overtuigd te worden van hun bestaan. Het zijn mensen die zelf nog nooit iets vreemds hebben gezien die soms moeite hebben met het geloven van verhalen.
Hoe de indrukken kunnen zijn van dergelijke gebeurtenissen wordt bevestigd door het volgende bericht dat wij enkele dagen geleden van een lezer ontvingen (dank!):
Ik heb ooit eens 'iets gezien dat niet van deze wereld is. Het was begin augustus 1961 rond 13 uur in de namiddag.
Ik woonde toen te Gent-Sint-Amandsberg. Het jaar van mijn plechtige communie. Ik was toen 12.
Het was een zonnige dag. Er was omzeggens geen wolkje te zien. Ik kan me nog de plaats herinneren waar ik stond toen ik ineens heel hoog in de lucht een felle schittering zag verschijnen.
En dit object bewoog zich ten opzichte van mij van rechts naar links terwijl het steeds groter werd en het dus aan het dalen was. Links van mij is het dan minuten lang roerloos in de lucht blijven hangen en had een zichtbare grote van zo'n 2 meter.
Het was een soort ronde disc met langs de bovenkant een soort van ramen. Kleur zowat grijs-zilverachtig en op diverse plaatsen zwart geblakerd. Ik was toen niet alleen. Veel mensen hebben het gezien. Wanneer het terug in beweging kwam is het binnen de 2 seconden hoog in de lucht verdwenen. Er is van gans de tijd geen geluid van een motor te horen geweest.
Het is natuurlijk reeds lang geleden, maar wanneer je zo iets gezien hebt weet je het zeker. Dat kan onmogelijk van deze wereld zijn.
UFO Shoots Through Clouds Over Cali, Colombia, March 26, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Shoots Through Clouds Over Cali, Colombia, March 26, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: March 26, 2016 Location of sighting: Santiago de Cali, Colombia This UFO is disk shaped and looks similar to the clouds themselves. Its speed is the only thing giving it away. It was caught by Mipropiosoft of Youtube. There are no wings or tail visible so its not a plane. I really wish he had a zoom lens so we could see this close up. Its not a meteor or comet because it has no tail. Odd one. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com Eyewitnessstates: While recording a cloud for signs of a phenomenon called Jumping Sundogs (Saltarines Dogs) I found an object at high speed across the sky of the city of Santiago de Cali.
Evidence of giant aliens race found mingling with Native Americans, April 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Evidence of giant aliens race found mingling with Native Americans, April 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of video: April 12, 2016 Location of pipe: North Carolina, USA There are actually dozens of reports about contact or witnessing giant aliens (Friendship case, Rocca Pia) and even tiny 3cm tall aliens (Apollo 20 testimony by William Rutledge). There is also a powerful group on this planet that tries to prevent the discovery of such evidence by stealing it and making it disappear, so says records of almost all giant skeletons found around the world and in America. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com LA Marzulli of Youtube states: I was recently in Burnsville North Carolina speaking at a conference there. My host, Emily took to me to father's and uncle's store, Rings and Things and what they brought out from the back room was simply astonishing. IN this video you will see a very large pipe. Is it ceremonial as some main-stream anthropologist will insist, or does this pipe point to the veracity of the Native American Oral tradition which tells us Giants once roamed the land. Come with me as we explore what may be a Nephilim Artifact, with a special appearance by Chied Joseph Riverwind and Dr. Lauralynn Riverwind.
These two ships were brilliantly lit up so I added some contrast to bring out some of its detail. Its surface is cube like, but its design denotes intelligence. The 90 degree angles could not be made in nature. Also these UFO leave no trail like a comet or astroid would do. One day, humanity will be aware of these species and these ships, miles long will be docked over Earths major cities. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com
Streetcap1 states: Two structures in Space at point L1, one million miles away. Also a white object probably moving filmed over a 19.3 seconds open shutter, appears as a long object. Maybe one of ours meets one of theirs? Streetcap1.
Do aliens exist? Most compelling evidence of alien existence
Do aliens exist? Most compelling evidence of alien existence
Some say it’s obvious we’re not alone, others scorn the very idea and still others yet will hauntingly report their own experiences of alien probings following their casual night-time stroll through the fields of small town America. But with everything from increasingly bizarre reportings from increasingly credible sources, to basic mathematical probability suggesting the likelihood of alien life, these days, scepticism is harder won. Whatever your opinions, you may well find that the following examples have some impact on them.
Ancient evidence
It’s easy enough to write off much recent phenomena, quoting anything from wayward weather balloons to the perpetuation of the legend and UFO sightings in pop culture providing a cohesive image of extra terrestrials for eye witnesses to draw on should someone cry alien. But what’s slightly harder to dismiss is the ancient evidence (i.e. pre the National Enquirer). Enter the ‘The Madonna with Saint Giovannino’, otherwise known as the UFO painting.
"The Madonna with Saint Giovannino" Arcangelo di Jacopo del Sellaio [FAL], via Wikimedia Commons
Created in the 15th century, it depicts the Virgin Mary and in the backdrop of the painting, a man and his dog staring up at a hovering disk-like object that is suspiciously familiar. And this painting isn’t alone either, with everything from ancient cave paintings to Sanskrit Scrolls all depicting alien life. A sighting even crops up in the Bible in The Book of Ezekiel. Either this is compelling evidence, or humanity has a rich tradition of conspiracy theorists.
In the ancient city of Paracas, Peru, archeologists have uncovered mummified remains with elongated skulls dating back to 300 BC.
The famed crystal skulls of ancient Mesoamerica have been a source of mystery and controversy for decades. The handful of known skulls have defied even the most advanced scientific efforts to determine who made them, when, and most puzzling, how. This specimen, owned by the British Museum in London, was originally thought to have been made by the Aztec of Mexico but was later determined to be a fake.
Statistical data
Back in 1961, astronomer Frank Drake devised an equation by which he could estimate the likelihood of the existence of alien life, taking into account a number of factors including the average number of planets able to support life and the fraction that could go on to support intelligent life. This was then implemented in 2001. The result: statistically, hundreds of thousands of such planets should technically exist.
Unsolved sightings
There are more registered sightings of UFOs than there is the word count here to deal with them and the majority of the time, there’s a thorough debunking accompanying them. But throughout history there have been a number that have been harder to explain away, from the to 1853 sighting by a number of students and professors at the Tennessee College campus, to the oft quoted Stephenville Lights case from 2008, with over 200 witnesses spotting the UFO including three policemen who remained anonymous. Consider these compelling cases unsolved.
Astronauts’ claims
If you’re going to believe any reports of UFOs, you might as well trust those coming from the men who have actually been to space (who usually also come with all their teeth and a P.H.D.). The list of those who have made claims of sightings includes Edgar Mitchell, Cady Coleman and Dr. Brian O’Leary, many also referencing government knowledge of alien existence and cover-ups. Buzz Aldrin has also spoken of his own experience on board the Apollo 11 when they saw something flying alongside them. At first they thought it was the final stage of the detached rocket, until mission control confirmed it was 6000 miles away from them…
Government files
While some US presidents have released classified files on the subject of UFOs, with Jimmy Carter famously describing his own encounter, others still have been denied access to classified information on the subject altogether, Bill Clinton claiming to be among them. This has led many believers to suggest there’s a cover up afoot. Clinton has been consistently vocal on the existence of aliens and it’s worth noting his opinions on an ‘Independence Day’ situation too. You know, just in case…
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Stephen Hawking wil ruimtevaartuig naar ster Alpha Centauri sturen
Stephen Hawking wil ruimtevaartuig naar ster Alpha Centauri sturen
Tim Kraaijvanger
Stephen Hawking en filantroop Yuri Milner hebben vanavond een nieuw wetenschappelijk project aangekondigd: Breakthrough Starshot. Het doel: een ruimtevaartuig in twintig jaar tijd naar de meest nabije buurster sturen.
Een licht ruimtevaartuig reist op een nader te bepalen tijdstip naar het nabije Alpha Centauri-systeem op een afstand van 4,37 lichtjaar bij de aarde vandaan. Dat is – omgerekend – zo’n 40 biljoen kilometer. Hawking en Milner willen dat deze ruimtesonde deze afstand in twintig jaar overbrugt, wat neerkomt op een snelheid van eenvijfde lichtminuut per minuut.
Aangezien een lichtseconde ongeveer 300.000 kilometer is, moet het ruimtevaartuig dus 60.000 kilometer per seconde afleggen. Dat is vijf keer de doorsnede van de aarde.
Het ruimtevaartuig reist op hoge snelheid naar Alpha Centauri.
Zeilen in de ruimte Hoe gaat dit duo dit plan verwezenlijken? Het ruimtevaartuig van Milner en Hawking weegt niet meer dan een vel papier en gebruikt een zeil – niet groter dan een gemiddelde vlieger – om voort te bewegen. Dit zeil is slechts enkele honderden atomen dik. Een gigantische laserstraal van 100 miljard watt raakt het zeil van dit ruimtevaartuig, waardoor het vliegende zeilbootje flink wordt versneld. Deze straal wordt afgevuurd vanaf een hoge en droge locatie, bijvoorbeeld de Atacamawoestijn in Chili.
Binnen vijftien jaar De verwachting is dat het ruimtevaartuig binnen vijftien jaar gelanceerd kan worden. Tenminste, als de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van nanotechnologie, lasers en microelektronica op het huidige tempo blijven doorgaan. Het feit dat een bekende wetenschapper als Stephen Hawking zijn naam verbindt aan het project is hoopgevend te noemen.
Foto’s van een andere wereld De missie gaat zo’n 100 miljoen dollar kosten. De grote vraag is: wat levert het op? Natuurlijk is het een fantastische prestatie dat een ruimtevaartuig een ander zonnestelsel kan bereiken. Wellicht kunnen er zelfs foto’s gemaakt worden, maar dat gaat spannend worden. Kunnen de gegevens een afstand van vier lichtjaar overbruggen? Hawking en Milner laten het er niet bij zitten en zijn van plan om een ontvanger te bouwen die de gegevens kan ontvangen. We krijgen wellicht voor het eerst foto’s van een andere wereld te zien.
Yuri Gagarin Het is bijzonder dat het project vandaag is aangekondigd. Het is namelijk 55 jaar geleden dat de Russische kosmonaut Yuri Gagarin voor het eerst een rondje om de aarde aflegde. Op Scientias.nl werd in 2011 het jubileum gevierd met een artikel over Gagarin.
Open Overlay GalleryThe engine on Blue Origin's New Shepard rocket restarted at 3,635 feet above ground to get ready for its landing.
BLUE ORIGIN
IN BRIEF
Jeff Bezos' private spaceflight company just relaunched and relanded a rocket. It's the second time that Blue Origin has reused this particular New Shepard rocket and the third time the rocket has gone to space.
BLUE ORIGIN IS AT IT AGAIN
Blue Origin did a really cool thing – for the thirdtime. The private spaceflight company, owned and operated by Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, successfully re-launched and re-landed its New Shepard rocket. This is the second time this particular reusable rocket has been launched, but the third time it has been to space (but not high enough to reach orbit).
So you might be thinking, this has already been done a few times. What’s new?
Blue Origin tweaked and added a couple new features to the spacecraft on its third journey. First, the engines restart at 1,097 meters (3,600 feet) in the air in order to gain more stability in sticking the landing. Second, the crew capsule separates from the rocket and lands with its own parachute. Third, two microgravity experiments were placed onboard.
The first experiment mimics the surface conditions on asteroids. Learn about it in the video below.
The second experiment mimics impacts between objects in microgravity. These experiments were investigated and constructed by the Southwest Research Institute, and a physics professor and students from the University of Central Florida, respectively. They couldn’t effectively be executed in the conditions that exist on Earth.
Hence, the voyage up.
THE CLASH OF TWO EGOS
Bezos is pretty darn happy about these accomplishments. But Elon Musk, founder and CEO of SpaceX, has had his hands full as well.
The two commercial space companies are both in an arms race to create a better reusable rocket. Although Blue Origin claimed to be the first to land its rocket after going into space last November, SpaceX landed and went into orbit. That’s a pretty difficult feat to accomplish, and it requires a whole lot of energy.
Although Blue Origin posted some videos of successful landings, SpaceX records livestreams of its launches and landings for their audience. In any case, one thing is clear, this really is a race to space 2.0. Here’s a video from Blue Origin’s third trip and some spectacular images.
Curiosity Uncovers How Mysterious Mile-High Mounds Formed on the Red Planet
Curiosity Uncovers How Mysterious Mile-High Mounds Formed on the Red Planet
Image of Gale Crater, with the landing zone of the Curiosity rover (circled). The blue line shows where Curiosity has moved.
Credit: NASA/JPL- S
IN BRIEF
On Mars, water-filled craters transformed into dry, mile-high mounds with the help of wind, according to new research. The results explain the complexity of the Gale Crater (the Curiosity rover's landing site).
Now, recent images collected from the Curiosity rover gives us more evidence that water didn’t just exist on Mars in droplets—there was probably a proverbial ocean of it.
GALE CRATER
Curiosity shows that the Gale Crater was once filled with water. Now, it’s a mile-high mound of sedimentary (layered) rock. Curiosity’s detailed analysis of the mound shows that the sediments at the bottom of the mound came from water, while the top sediments were formed by wind. The strange geography of the mound is believed to be caused by Mars’ strong winds that shape the entire planet’s geology.
To test this theory, researchers created a mini-crater on Earth that measured 30 centimeters (12 inches) wide and 4 centimeters (1.6 inches) deep. They filled it with damp sand, then blasted it with wind. Results show the wind’s movement in relation to different stages of erosion.
This image shows the stages of evolution in Mars mounds (top), compared with the mound’s evolution in the wind tunnel experiment (bottom). Warmer colors represent higher elevations. SOURCE: Mackenzie Day.
THE SEARCH CONTINUES
“We went from a filled crater layer cake to this mounded shape that we see today,” saidMackenzie Day, a graduate student at the University of Texas at Austin Jackson School of Geosciences. The resulting composition and structure that we see adds more evidence that Mars was once wetter and warmer in previous eons.
The subsequent analysis of 30 different Mars mounds links them to the Noachian period (3.7 billion years ago). The Noachian period could be the culprit in finding out the mystery of Mars’ water, as it’s believed to represent the beginning of its disappearance, turning the Red Planet into a dry and barren giant.
In juli 1947 was het Amerikaanse plaatsje Roswell in New Mexico enige tijd wereldnieuws in verband met het neerstorten van een buitenaardse UFO.
Nu is Rosswel weer in het nieuws, dit keer vanwege een groot hakenkruis in de woestijn en niemand weet waar het vandaan komt.
Via Google Earth worden soms de meest vreemde dingen ontdekt en zo ook het volgende vreemde hakenkruis of swastika in de woestijn van New Mexico in de buurt van Roswell.
Dan ontstaat natuurlijk een scala aan mogelijke verklaringen.
Het begint bij mensen die zeggen dat het er ligt sinds de Tweede Wereldoorlog en dat het bij de training van geallieerde piloten werd gebruikt om te leren bommen op de juiste plek te laten vallen.
Anderen zeggen dat het te maken heeft met buitenaards contact en dat het is bedoeld als een soort locatiebaken voor buitenaardse schepen. Dat dit symbool helemaal niet geassocieerd dient te worden met de Nazi’s, maar dat het is bedoeld als een teken van goede wil voor onze buitenaardse vrienden.
Misschien wel de meest waarschijnlijke verklaring is dat het een symbool is dat in de oudheid al werd gebruikt door devroegere bewoners van Amerika.
Vijfduizend jaar geleden zouden Amerikaanse indianen het teken al gebruikt hebben. Ook van de Maya’s, Azteken en Vikingen is bekend dat ze het symbool gebruikten. En, hoewel het teken niet veel gebruikt werd in de zogenaamde Abrahamitische religies, in de vloer van een synagoge in Ein Gedi is, net als in enkele andere oude synagogen, ooit een swastika gevonden.
De oudste swastika’s die gevonden zijn, stammen van 2500 jaar voor Christus. Zowel in het hindoeïsme als boeddhisme is de swastika vaak te vinden op de borst of voeten van Boeddhabeelden. Nog steeds zijn veel tempels in India en Nepal versierd met swastika’s. Het teken wordt daar ook wel zonnerad genoemd en staat soms symbool voor de vier windstreken.
Stem Cell Technique Could Regenerate Any Human Tissue Damaged By Aging or Disease
Stem Cell Technique Could Regenerate Any Human Tissue Damaged By Aging or Disease
IN BRIEF
Taking their cue from salamander regeneration, a team led by the University of New South Wales says that a stem cell therapy capable of regenerating any human tissue damaged by injury, disease, or aging could be available within a few years, thanks to an innovative new technique.
STEM CELL CLAYFACE
While stem cells have worked wonders in medicinal research, showing signs of curing everything from spinal cord injuries to blindness, they’ve always had their shortcomings. But one study is promising a new “game changing” technique for stem cells.
Taking their cue from salamander regeneration, new research led by the University of New South Wales says that a stem cell therapy capable of regenerating any human tissue damaged by injury, disease, or aging could be available within a few years, through an innovative new technique.
The technique involves reprogramming bone and fat cells into “induced multipotent stem cells” (iMS). These cells are special in that they can regenerate multiple tissue types.
There are two kinds of stem cells: embryonic stem cells that during embryonic development generate every type of cell in the human body, and adult stem cells that are tissue-specific, and unable to regenerate multiple tissue types. Embryonic stem cells would be preferable, save that they are prone to form teratomas (tumors composed of different tissue types), and their use is highly controversial.
Credit: Michael Whitehead/UNSW
THE TECHNIQUE
The method used by the researchers is, quite frankly, amazing. They took bone and fat cells in mice, switched off their memory, and transformed them into stem cells.
To be specific, the technique involves extracting adult human fat cells and treating them with the compound 5-Azacytidine (AZA), along with platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB) for approximately two days. The cells are then treated with the growth factor alone for a further two to three weeks.
The AZA relaxes the hard-wiring of the cells by inducing cell plasticity, and this is expanded by the growth factor. Release the iMS into damaged tissue, and they will multiply, healing the tissue.
The technique is a huge step up from other stem-cell therapies, since embryonic stem cell therapies may form tumors, and others use viruses to transform cells into stem cells.
The current trials use iMS from adult human fat cells inserted into mice. Human trials for this technique are expected by late 2017.
If you’re talking about conspiracy theories, sooner or later you’re going to talk about extraterrestrial activity, be it ancient aliens, UFO sightings, abductions, or a combination of all three. Alien-based conspiracy theories are a dime a dozen, but one of them stands oversized grey head and shoulders above the rest, proving itself remarkably resilient even in the face of repeated debunkings: The crash at Roswell, New Mexico.
The Roswell UFO crash
Some time in June of 1947, something crashed to the earth on a ranch in the Roswell, New Mexico area. Something that, if you believe the conspiracy theorists, is, at the very least, a part of a UFO, if not a complete one, possibly including alien life forms, that may or may not have been experimented upon before or after their death. That’s a lot we just dropped on you, so let’s back up some. Here’s what we know.
On July 8, a press release was issued from the Roswell Army Air Field. This initial release acknowledged the crash and claimed that a “flying disc” had been recovered from it, and a subsequent statement from the Air Force claimed that the crash was simply a weather balloon that they had since recovered. They held a press conference, where they showed off wreckage from the crash that seemed to back up the weather balloon claim, and for a moment, it appeared that was that.
Here’s the sticky part though: The thing that crashed to the earth was not a weather balloon. This is not a conspiracy theory or a wild supposition, it’s a fact acknowledged by conspiracy theorists, skeptics and even the United States Air Force. The balloon that crashed to the earth in 1947 was actually part of Project Mogul, an initiative that involved using high-altitude balloons to keep tabs on the Soviet’s atomic bomb tests. But, seeing as the project was top secret at the time, the United Air Force kept the lid on the balloon’s true purpose, a fact that would later help to fuel the countless conspiracy theories around the crash.
Another piece of fuel for the Roswell conspiracy theory is the whole matter of “flying discs.” Prior to the discovery of the crash, civilians had reported sightings of flying discs in the area. Of course, while we can definitely understand how a balloon — especially at night — might resemble a flying disc, in hindsight, it was a poor choice of words for that initial press release, as “flying disc” is remarkably similar to a phrase most commonly associated with alien spacecraft: Flying saucers.
One of the most interesting things about the Roswell conspiracy theory is that it didn’t really pick up steam for more than 30 years. The Air Force’s weather balloon explanation — while not entirely truthful — was more or less accepted by pretty much everyone, until 1978.
That was the year that Stanton T. Friedman, a nuclear physicist and author, kickstarted the conspiracy theories with his research into the event, which prominently featured interviews with Jesse Marcel, who accompanied the crash wreckage from its recovery site to the press conference. Two years later, The Roswell Incident was published, a book that, claiming to have interviewed more than 90 witnesses, suggested that the crash was a UFO that contained alien organisms.
Books about the crash site continued to be published through the nineties, as more and more “witnesses” came out of the shadows, and conspiracy theorists combined their reports, secondhand accounts and a general disbelief in official government stories to build up a massive corpus of oftentimes spurious research. In fact, there are so many books and theories about Roswell that the conspiracy theorists can no longer even agree on simple questions such as how the UFO crashed or how many bodies were recovered from it.
The biggest problem with all of these theories — aside from the fact that they took a full three decades to come to light — is the quality of the witnesses. Though The Roswell Incident claims to have interviewed more than 90 of them, only 25 appear in the book, only seven saw the crash’s wreckage, and of those, only five actually touched it. Other books about the subject share this problem, one where they assign firsthand weight to accounts that are, at absolute best, secondhand — and even that’s being generous.
As a result of the steadily growing interest in the Roswell incident, in 1994, the Air Force came clean about what actually crashed in the desert. It was then that they acknowledged that the crash was actually part of Project Mogul. Three years later, the Air Force even addressed reports of alien bodies, by suggesting that the rumors and conspiracy theories are a result of civilian sightings of casualties from military accidents or even just test dummies. Of course, as one might expect, conspiracy theorists discounted these statements as simply another layer of the cover up.
Another one of the more fascinating aspects of the Roswell conspiracy theories is that they feature practically no hard evidence. While other conspiracy theories can point to photos, videos, eyewitness accounts and a slew of other sources to point out inconsistencies in the official stories they are meant to debunk, when it comes to the Roswell UFO incident, it’s the conspiracy theories themselves that are riddled with inconsistencies and claims that are, quite simply, without any real basis in reality. Even the heavily publicized 1995 alien autopsy video was later revealed to be nothing more than a reconstruction of events that were said to have occurred.
Of course, none of that has kept the true believers from continuing to point at Roswell as an example of both UFO activity as well as the government’s commitment to covering it up, leading to it becoming one of America’s most enduring conspiracy theories.
What do you think? Was the 1947 crash near Roswell simply a test balloon, as the Air Force claims, or even now, almost 70 years later, are they still hiding what really happened? Tell us below in the comments.
Aubrey Sitterson is the creator of SKALD, the ongoing sword & sorcery serial podcast, available oniTunes, Stitcher & Podomatic. Follow him on Twitteror visit hiswebsitefor more information.
Northwestern University researchers have managed to 3D print ovaries for infertile mice, allowing them to resume their cycles and give birth.
THE NEWEST FERTILITY TREATMENT
What’s the newest method for treating infertility? 3D printing.
It seems there is no end to what 3D printing technology can create. This time, a group of scientists from Northwestern University managed to print a fully functional ovary that they implanted into mice that had their ovaries removed.
The team produced the ovaries from material similar to jello combined with living cells. Not only did the 3D printed ovaries allow the mice to resume their monthly cycle, they also managed to successfully give birth.
Egg cell under the microscope. Image credit: Shutterstock.com
The process is explained in the press release, “The researchers used a 3D printer to create a scaffold to support hormone-producing cells and immature egg cells, called oocytes. The structure was made out of gelatin – a biological material derived from the animal protein collagen. The scientists applied biological principles to manufacture the scaffold, which needed to be rigid enough to be handled during surgery and to provide enough space for oocyte growth, blood vessel formation and ovulation.”
BIOPROSTHESIS
While the study was conducted on mice, researchers have every intention of expanding it one day to develop a way to create an ovary bioprosthesis for women. This could restore fertility to women who survived cancer, a disease which raises the risk of infertility as adults, or help women who suffer from a host of other diseases and conditions.
“One of the biggest concerns for patients diagnosed with cancer is how the treatment may affect their fertility and hormone health,” said lead study author Monica M. Laronda, PhD, a postdoctoral research fellow at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine. “We are developing new ways to restore their quality of life by engineering ovary bioprosthesis implants.”
The materials used in the experiments are currently already used in humans, applied with a scalable 3D printing method and manufacturing techniques inspired by human biology.
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Matter: Definition & the Five States of Matter
Matter: Definition & the Five States of Matter
By Mary Bagley, Live Science Contributor
A glass holds H20 in three states of matter: ice (solid), water (liquid) and vapor (gas).
Credit: nikkytok | Shutterstock
Energy is the capacity to cause change. Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be conserved and converted from one form to another. "Potential energy" is the energy stored in an object due to its position — for example, a bucket of water balanced over a doorway has the potential to fall. "Kinetic energy" is energy that is in motion and causing changes. Any object or particle that is in motion has kinetic energy based on its mass and speed. Kinetic energy can be converted into other forms of energy, such as electrical energy and thermal energy.Physical science, which includes chemistry and physics, is usually thought of as the study of the nature and properties of matter and energy in non-living systems. Matter is the “stuff” of the universe — the atoms, molecules and ions that make up all physical substances. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Five phases
There are five known phases, or states, of matter: solids, liquids, gases, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensates. The main difference in the structures of each state is in the densities of the particles.
Solids
In a solid, particles are packed tightly together so they are unable to move about very much. Particles of a solid have very low kinetic energy. The electrons of each atom are in motion, so the atoms have a small vibration, but they are fixed in their position. Solids have a definite shape. They do not conform to the shape of the container in which they are placed. They also have a definite volume. The particles of a solid are already so tightly packed together that increasing pressure will not compress the solid to a smaller volume.
Liquids
In the liquid phase, the particles of a substance have more kinetic energy than those in a solid. The liquid particles are not held in a regular arrangement, but are still very close to each other so liquids have a definite volume. Liquids, like solids, cannot be compressed. Particles of a liquid have just enough room to flow around each other, so liquids have an indefinite shape. A liquid will change shape to conform to its container. Force is spread evenly throughout the liquid, so when an object is placed in a liquid, the liquid particles are displaced by the object.
The magnitude of the upward buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. When the buoyant force is equal to the force of gravity pulling down on the object’s mass, the object will float. This principle of buoyancy was discovered by the Greek mathematicianArchimedes who, according to legend, sprang from his bath and ran naked through the streets shouting "Eureka!"
Particles of a liquid tend to be held by weak intermolecular attraction rather than moving freely as the particles of a gas will. This cohesive force pulls the particles together to form drops or streams.
Scientists reported in April 2016 they had created a bizarre state of matter, one that had been predicted to exist but never seen in real life. Though this type of matter could be held in one's hand as if it were a solid, a zoom-in on the material would reveal the disorderly interactions of its electrons, more characteristic of a liquid. In the new matter, called a Kitaev quantum spin liquid, the electrons enter into a sort of quantum dance in which they interact or "talk" to one another. Usually when matter cools down the spin of its electrons tends to line up. But in this quantum spin liquid, the electrons interact so that they affect how the others are spinning and never align no matter how cool the material gets. The material would behave as if its electrons, considered indivisible, had broken apart, the researchers reported April 4, 2016, in the journal Nature Materials.
Gases
Gas particles have a great deal of space between them and have high kinetic energy. If unconfined, the particles of a gas will spread out indefinitely; if confined, the gas will expand to fill its container. When a gas is put under pressure by reducing the volume of the container, the space between particles is reduced, and the pressure exerted by their collisions increases. If the volume of the container is held constant, but the temperature of the gas increases, then the pressure will also increase. Gas particles have enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces that hold solids and liquids together, thus a gas has no definite volume and no definite shape.
Plasma
Plasma is not a common state of matter here on Earth, but may be the most common state of matter in the universe. Plasma consists of highly charged particles with extremely high kinetic energy. The noble gases(helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) are often used to make glowing signs by using electricity to ionize them to the plasma state. Stars are essentially superheated balls of plasma.
Bose-Einstein condensates
In 1995, technology enabled scientists to create a new state of matter, the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Using a combination of lasers and magnets, Eric Cornell and Carl Weiman cooled a sample of rubidium to within a few degrees of absolute zero. At this extremely low temperature, molecular motion comes very close to stopping altogether. Since there is almost no kinetic energy being transferred from one atom to another, the atoms begin to clump together. There are no longer thousands of separate atoms, just one “super atom.” A BEC is used to study quantum mechanics on a macroscopic level. Light appears to slow down as it passes through a BEC, allowing study of the particle/wave paradox. A BEC also has many of the properties of a superfluid — flowing without friction. BECs are also used to simulate conditions that might apply in black holes.
Going through a phase
Adding energy to matter causes a physical change — matter moves from one state to another. For example, adding thermal energy — heat — to liquid water causes it to become steam or vapor — a gas. Taking away energy also causes physical change, such as when liquid water becomes ice — a solid — when heat is removed. Physical change also can be caused by motion and pressure.
Melting and freezing
When heat is applied to a solid, its particles begin to vibrate faster and tend to move farther apart. When the substance, at standard pressure, reaches a certain point — called the melting point — the solid will begin to turn into a liquid. The melting point of a pure substance can often be determined to within 0.1 degrees C, the point at which the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium. If you continue to apply heat to the sample, the temperature will not rise above the melting point until the entire sample has been liquefied. The heat energy is being used to convert the solid into the liquid form. Once the entire sample has become a liquid the temperature will begin to rise again. Compounds that are otherwise very similar can have different melting points, so melting point can be a useful way to distinguish among them. For example, sucrose has a melting point of 367 F (186.1 C) while the melting point of glucose is 294.8 F (146 C). A solid mixture, such as a metal alloy, can often be separated into its constituent parts by heating the mixture and extracting the liquids as they reach their different melting points.
The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid substance is cooled enough to form a solid. As the liquid is cooled, particle motion slows. In many substances, the particles align in precise, geometric patterns to form crystalline solids. Most liquids contract as they freeze. One of the important characteristics of water is that it expands when it freezes, so ice floats. If ice didn’t float, there would be no liquid water underneath a frozen body of water and many forms of aquatic life would be impossible.
The freezing point is often nearly the same temperature as the melting point, but is not considered to be characteristic of a substance, as several factors can alter it. For example, adding dissolved substances, or solutes, to a liquid will depress the freezing point. An example of this is using salt slurry to lower the temperature at which water freezes on our roads. Other liquids can be cooled to temperatures well below their melting point before they begin to solidify. Such liquids are said to be “super cooled” and often require the presence of a dust particle or “seed crystal” to start the process of crystallization.
Sublimation
When a solid is converted directly into a gas without going through a liquid phase, the process is known as sublimation. Sublimation occurs when kinetic energy of the particles is greater than atmospheric pressure surrounding the sample. This may occur when the temperature of the sample is rapidly increased beyond the boiling point (flash vaporization). More commonly, a substance can be "freeze dried" by cooling it under vacuum conditions so that the water in the substance undergoes sublimation and is removed from the sample. A few volatile substances will undergo sublimation at normal temperature and pressure. The best known of these substances is CO2 or “dry ice.”
Vaporization
Vaporization is the conversion of a liquid to a gas. Vaporization can occur through either evaporation or boiling.
Because the particles of a liquid are in constant motion they frequently collide with each other, transferring energy when they do so. This energy transference has little net effect beneath the surface, but when enough energy is transferred to a particle near the surface; it may gain enough energy to be knocked completely away from the sample as a free gas particle. This process is called evaporation and it continues as long as liquid remains. It is interesting to note that a liquid cools as it evaporates. The energy transferred to surface molecules, which causes their escape, is carried away from the remaining liquid sample.
When enough heat is added to a liquid that vapor bubbles form below the surface of the liquid, we say that the liquid is boiling. The temperature at which a liquid boils is variable. Boiling point is dependent upon the pressure the substance is under. A liquid under higher pressure will require more heat before vapor bubbles can form within it. At high altitudes, there is less atmospheric pressure pressing down on the liquid, so it will boil at a lower temperature. The same amount of liquid at sea level is under a greater atmospheric pressure and will boil at a higher temperature.
Condensation and deposition
Condensation is when a gas transforms into a liquid. Condensation occurs when a gas has been cooled or compressed to the point where kinetic energy of the particles can no longer overcome the intermolecular forces. An initial cluster of particles initiates the process which tends to further cool the gas so that condensation continues. When the gas transforms directly into a solid, without going through the liquid phase, it is called deposition or desublimation. An example of this occurs when subfreezing temperatures convert water vapor in the atmosphere into frost or ice. Frost tends to outline solid blades of grass and twigs because the air touching these solids cools faster than air that is not touching a solid surface.
It's been said that spiders turn your blood to ice. Well, it turns out that an icy "spider" has been found on Pluto.
The "spider" is actually an unusual geological feature that caught scientists completely by surprise. Pictures taken by from the New Horizons spacecraft, which whizzed by the dwarf planet last summer, show a series of long fractures in Pluto's surface, all extending from a single, central point. We created a video tour of the icy "spider on Pluto image to take a closer look at the weird feature.
"The pattern these fractures form is like nothing else we've seen in the outer solar system, and shows once again that anywhere we look on Pluto, we see something different," Oliver White, a member of the New Horizons geology team from NASA Ames Research Center in California, said in a statement from the space agency. [See More Pluto Pictures from NASA's New Horizons Probe]
A new geological feature on Pluto, informally called a "spider," is puzzling geologists.
Credit: NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI
The spider picture shows at least six extensional fractions that converge into a central point. (Of course, six legs would technically make this feature an insect, not a spider.) The longest fracture — informally called Sleipnir Fossa — is more than 360 miles (580 kilometers) long. The fractures also cut across different types of terrain. At north and west, they slice across high plains. To the south, they cut across sharper terrain informally known as Tartarus Dorsa.
Scientists have seen fractures on Pluto before, which they say are created when water-ice crust on Pluto expands and causes the surface to crack. But those fractures tend to run parallel to one another, the NASA statement said. The body of the "spider" may have been created by a focused point of stress, perhaps from material coming up from under the surface in this area, the researchers suggested.
While, so far, this feature seems unique to Pluto and the outer solar system, researchers have seen similar shapes on planets closer to the sun.
"The spider somewhat resembles radially fractured centers on Venus called novae, seen by NASA's Magellan spacecraft [at Venus], as well as the Pantheon Fossae formation, seen by NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft on Mercury," NASA officials wrote in the statement.
This image, captured by NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft on July 14, 2015, shows the location of the spider-like feature on Pluto's surface.
The image was obtained about 45 minutes before New Horizons reached its closest point to Pluto on July 14, 2015. It was taken by New Horizons' Ralph/Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera with a resolution of roughly 2,230 feet (680 meters) per pixel.
Mars Global Surveyor: A New Generation of Space Probes
Mars Global Surveyor: A New Generation of Space Probes
By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor
Mars Global Surveyor was a new kind of spacecraft: built "faster, better, cheaper."
Credit: NASA
Mars Global Surveyor was a spacecraft that produced data about the Red Planet that will keep researchers busy for some time. Launched in 1996, the orbiter found intriguing hints of running water and confirmed that the famous "Face of Mars" was a trick of the light. Unfortunately, NASA lost contact with Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) in 2006.
A pioneer
MGS was the first NASA spacecraft to reach Mars in almost 20 years, since the Viking missions arrived in 1976. Right from MGS's first moments at Mars, it was a pioneer: it was the first spacecraft at the Red Planet to use the technique of aerobraking to put itself into its final orbit. It was also part of a new concept for building spacecraft after a series of cost overruns and unsuccessful missions.
Soon after reaching orbit, MGS set about generating a great deal of science. It spotted gullies that could have had streams of water rushing through in the ancient past. It snapped pictures of a "Swiss-cheese-like" south pole, and it watched dust devils leaving tracks in the Martian surface. It spotted hematite – a mineral that forms in water. And it took detailed photographs of the infamous "Face on Mars."
When the Spirit and Opportunity rovers reached Mars in 2004, the spacecraft also served as a communications relay for the rovers to send data back to Earth until it fell silent in 2006.
Return to the Red Planet
MGS had been born out of the failure of a previous planned Mars mission. Mars Observer, launched in 1992, was just three days from its planned orbit insertion around the Red Planet when NASA lost contact with it on Aug. 21, 1993.
The failure stung, particularly because flight delays and other matters had nearly quadrupled the projected cost for Mars Observer.
"Originally budgeted at $212 million, Mars Observer wound up costing $813 million," NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory noted in a brief history about the mission. "By the time it was launched on Sept. 25, 1992, Mars Observer had come to symbolize out-of-control costs."
Under new administrator Daniel Goldin, NASA embarked on building a "faster, better, cheaper" (FBC) set of spacecraft. The concept was supposed to use small teams and less complicated components to build low-cost spacecraft. The program had a mix of successes and failures, but did birth the wildly popular Mars Pathfinder/Sojourner rover mission that landed in 1997.
NASA started building cheaper spacecraft under the Mars Surveyor program. MGS – at just $154 million (excluding launch costs) in 1996 dollars – was to be the first of a series of spacecraft launching every 26 months. The Mars Surveyor concept was altered after two Mars spacecraft failed in 1998.
Early days on Mars
MGS launched successfully on Nov. 7, 1996, on board a Delta II rocket. From its launch pad at the Kennedy Space Center, it bounded into orbit and then fired its engines again to accelerate towards Mars. Ten months later, on Sept. 12, 1997, MGS successfully made it into orbit at the Red Planet.
To save on the cost of hauling fuel to Mars, mission planners used a new technique – aerobraking – to finalize MGS in its orbit around the planet. MGS pushed against the atmosphere gradually in its first several months at Mars to put itself in the final orbit. This technique proved so successful that it was used again for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey missions.
Mars Global Surveyor photographed the "Face on Mars" in greater detail.
Credit: NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems
One of MGS' first targets was the "Face on Mars," an infamous feature snapped by the orbiting Viking 1 spacecraft on July 25, 1976. The shadows appeared to be a human face gazing up at the sky, which sparked a generation of conspiracy theories on Earth.
MGS passed over the same location at the Cydonia region on April 5, 1998, to get a more detailed look. Although NASA already knew the "face" came from a trick of shadows, MGS' pictures were in higher-resolution and were used by the agency to debunk the theory. The European Space Agency confirmed the finding in pictures taken with Mars Express in 2001.
NASA carefully selected its first targets to include areas of public interest. Other spots that MGS imaged in the early days included the Viking landing sites and the Mars Pathfinder landing site.
A planet in flux
Mars, revealed by MGS, was a rapidly changing planet that probably had a different environment in the past. Pictures in February 1998 showed a possible ancient river channel. Other snapshots over the years showed slowpoke dunes, regolift drifts and sandsheets on the surface, suggesting that wind was a big factor in shaping Mars history.
As MGS skimmed the planet from pole to pole, it tracked changes in carbon dioxide ice deposits near the south pole of Mars. After three Martian summers of observations, data from MGS revealed that the deposits were shrinking – a possible indication of climate change.
The spacecraft mapped Martian terrain with a laser altimeter, detected traces of magnetic fields with its magnetometer, and mapped at least 20 new impact craters between the time it started operations and the time it fell silent.
When MGS spotted hematite – a mineral that forms in water – from orbit, the discovery spurred NASA to land the Opportunity rover in a hematite-rich area. Just weeks after landing, Opportunity found hematite "blueberries" just a short distance from where it touched down in Meridiani Planum.
End of the extended mission
MGS lasted four times longer than its design lifetime, but the end came rather unexpectedly. On Nov. 2, 2006, controllers ordered MGS to shift its solar panels – a routine adjustment. The spacecraft reported back several errors, but the transmission also indicated that things had stabilized. Then MGS fell silent.
"The spacecraft reoriented to an angle that exposed one of two batteries carried on the spacecraft to direct sunlight," read a NASA press release describing the most likely cause of the failure.
"This caused the battery to overheat and ultimately led to the depletion of both batteries. Incorrect antenna pointing prevented the orbiter from telling controllers its status, and its programmed safety response did not include making sure the spacecraft orientation was thermally safe."
NASA tried for weeks to get in touch with the dead spacecraft, with no success. An independent review board determined that the MGS team did follow the correct procedures to help the spacecraft, but added that the procedures themselves were not strong enough to "catch the errors that occurred".
The agency pledged it would overhaul its procedures to improve other Mars missions. Indeed, NASA has since had more success in resurrecting spacecraft that had software problems.
A notable example is the Mars Odyssey mission, which has entered safe mode several times but been successfully recovered. Odyssey, as a side note, is currently the longest-running Mars mission with more than a decade in service.
But it was MGS that got there first, and that paved the way for more Mars missions to follow. The spacecraft kickstarted a new age of Martian exploration, and provided the first detailed look at the Red Planet in a generation.
Still contributing
Although MGS' mission is long over, there still are occasional science results publicized in the media. For example, in March 2016 NASA released an improved gravity map of Mars that in part used data from MGS. The goal of the map is to better understand variations in the Red Planet's gravity to track the geological history of Mars, such as the differences between the northern lowlands and the southern highlands.
In 2013, researchers suggested that Eden Patera, previously believed to be a crater basin, may instead be remnants of an ancient supervolcano. Based on data in part from MGS, researchers noted a lack of ejecta debris in the region as well as features that usuallly point to volcanism, such as "bathtub rings" created when lava recedes from the area.
Super high resolution microscopes are the most significant development in imaging since the invention of the microscope in the 16th century. Conventional microscopes resolve objects as small as 300 nanometers, also known as the “diffraction limit.” But with a new technology, researchers are able to see molecules such as proteins and lipids and synthetic nanostructures just a few nanometers in diameter.
Prof. Frank Caruso of the Nano Structured Interfaces and Materials Science Group at the University of Melbourne and his colleagues are redesigning and reengineering drugs and other materials on the nanoscale to increase their effectiveness and reduce side effects. With each new generation of drugs or nanoparticles, designers collect information about their effectiveness, using this information to improve the next cycle of development.
According to Caruso, it is important, but challenging, to track how nanoparticles are internalized and processed by cells in the body. Therapeutic agents encapsulated in nanoparticles are released at a specific rate to maximize their effectiveness. The biological machinery of cells can now be studied with these new imaging techniques.
Caruso says nearly every drug on the planet will be vastly improved by this new type of nano engineering that depends on recent breakthroughs in microscopy. The same can be said of materials used in engineering. The following video is an overview of the work being done by Caruso and his team:
Drones have huge potential for growth, but there are serious concerns about safety as accidents like drones crashing into walls or harming people are very common. This is because landing is the hardest part of flying, as the drone has to reduce its speed while approaching the ground without crashing into it.
However the Snap, a drone by Vantage Robotics, offers a simple, alternative way to land. The main body of the drone is attached to the folding propeller assembly by magnets. This feature allows it to come off under impact without incurring any lasting damage.
Snap not only features magnetic break-apart components but also has a high-quality 4k camera. Here are some of the features of this amazing drone:
Snap is thin and ultra-light. Unlike large and heavy drones, Snap weighs about 1.1-pounds. Moreover, its compact body makes it very easy to transport in a backpack.
The Snap has a 4K camera with a Sony Exmor sensor. The 2-axis gimbal-stabilized camera shoots Ultra HD video at 30fps. Slow-motion options are available at 1080p and 720p resolutions.
Snap comes with magnetic breakaway architecture.
Snap can be easily controlled by a smartphone app.
The system is designed to be modular, having waterproof tracking modules and bigger battery packs.
It can cut through 20mph winds and on a full charge, it can last 20 minutes in the air.
With Snap, you can take photos and record videos from near impossible angles, distances, and locations.
In short, Snap is a drone that packs high-quality recording equipment in a lightweight ultra-compact body.
Nidhi Goyal
Nidhi is a gold medalist Post Graduate in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. You can also find Nidhi on Google+.
The world’s brightest X-ray laser currently resides in SLAC’s National Accelerator Laboratory, as part of a $1 billion project.
Apparently laying claims to the world’s brightest X-ray laser just isn’t enough these days, however, because the laser is receiving an upgrade that will make it 10,000 times brighter and 8,000 times faster.
Eventually, the laser will be able to shell out a million pulses per second, enabling it to analyze things in excruciating detail such as the movement of electrical charges.
Laser pulses will be pushed through niobium metal cavities held at minus 456 degrees Fahrenheit.
SLAC says this process manifests “an almost continuous X-ray laser beam with pulses that are 10,000 times brighter, on average, than those of [the original laser] and arrive up to a million times per second.”
“[It]will take X-ray science to the next level, opening the door to a whole new range of studies of the ultrafast and ultrasmall,” noted SLAC’s Mike Dunne in a press release. “This will tremendously advance our ability to develop transformative technologies of the future, including novel electronics, life-saving drugs, and innovative energy solutions.”
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US Navy Spies Learned of Nazi Alliance with Reptilian Extraterrestrials during WWII
US Navy Spies Learned of Nazi Alliance with Reptilian Extraterrestrials during WWII
These startling claims have been made by ex-Navy whistleblower William Tompkins, who in December 2015, released the first volume of his autobiography titled Selected by Extraterrestrials: My life in the top secret world of UFOs., think-tanks and Nordic secretaries. Tompkins says that he approached a Navy Admiral in 2001 to see if he had approval to write about his experiences:
Early in 2001 I called on Admiral Hugh Webster, Navy League Corporate Director, Washington DC and San Diego CA. We had a five hour meeting on my ongoing book–writing concerning the extraterrestrial threats to our planet. After Admiral Webster read portions of my document and backup technical documentation, I asked Hugh, “How much of this can I include in a published book?” He said. “Bill; TELL IT ALL. This is most important to our country. Don’t leave anything out.”
Beste bezoeker, Heb je zelf al ooit een vreemde waarneming gedaan, laat dit dan even weten via email aan Frederick Delaere opwww.ufomeldpunt.be. Deze onderzoekers behandelen jouw melding in volledige anonimiteit en met alle respect voor jouw privacy. Ze zijn kritisch, objectief maar open minded aangelegd en zullen jou steeds een verklaring geven voor jouw waarneming! DUS AARZEL NIET, ALS JE EEN ANTWOORD OP JOUW VRAGEN WENST, CONTACTEER FREDERICK. BIJ VOORBAAT DANK...
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
