Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
27-04-2016
Herschel maakt schitterende foto's van stervormingsgebieden
Herschel maakt schitterende foto's van stervormingsgebieden
Tim Kraaijvanger
Europese wetenschappers hebben beelden gepubliceerden van stervormingsgebieden in de Melkweg. De foto’s zijn gemaakt door de Herschel-telescoop, die in 2013 zijn laatste adem uitblies.
De foto’s zijn in de periode van 2009 tot 2013 gemaakt op ver-infrarode en submillimetergolflengten. Hierdoor zijn de koudste objecten in het heelal zichtbaar, zoals kosmisch stof. Dit kosmische stof maakt deel uit van het interstellaire materiaal, waaruit nieuwe sterren worden geboren. Kortom: op de nieuwe beelden zie je sterren geboren worden.
De foto’s zijn gemaakt in het kader van de Herschel Infrared Galactic Plane Survey, een onderzoek waarvoor de telescoop uiteindelijk 900 uur is gebruikt. In totaal is twee procent van de gehele hemel in kaart gebracht, waaronder een groot deel van de volledige schijf van de Melkweg. Hier huizen immers de meeste jonge sterren die vanaf de aarde te zien zijn.
De onderstaande beelden liegen er niet om. Er zijn gaspilaren zichtbaar met knopen van gas en stof. In deze gloeiende knopen ontstaan nieuwe sterren. “Deze foto’s zijn niet alleen fantastisch om te zien, maar vormen ook een rijke databron voor astronomen om de verschillende stervormingsfases in ons sterrenstelsel te bestuderen”, legt onderzoeker Sergio Molinari uit.
De beroemde Adelaarsnevel (M16).
RCW 120: een emissienevel op ruim 4.000 lichtjaar van de aarde. De ster – niet zichtbaar op deze foto – heeft een bel om zich heen geblazen.
Op deze foto heeft Herschel zijn ogen gericht op het centrum van de Melkweg. Een drukke bedoeling!
Links zie je de emissienevel NGC 6357, rechts is de nevel NGC 6334 – de Kattenpootnevel – zichtbaar.
De ruwe data zijn te downloaden via het zogenoemde ESA Herschel wetenschappelijke archief. Het gaat hier om in totaal zeventig kaarten. Eind dit jaar kunnen onderzoekers een tweede bundel met gegevens verwachten.
Het is slim van de Europese ruimtevaartorganisatie om niet alleen de ruwe gegevens, maar ook de foto’s bij te voegen. Hierdoor zijn de interessante objecten direct zichtbaar. “Astronomen kunnen vervolgens objecten kiezen, die nader bestudeerd moeten worden”, zegt projectwetenschapper Göran Pilbratt.
Het mysterie rond het vreemde object dat op de bodem van de Oostzee ligt
Het mysterie rond het vreemde object dat op de bodem van de Oostzee ligt
Toen het mysterieuze object op de bodem van de Oostzee voor het eerst werd gespot, stonden veel experts voor een raadsel. Tot op de dag van vandaag weet niemand wat het precies is.
Het object doet denken aan een ruimteschip uit een Star Wars-film. Het is in 2011 ontdekt door de Zweedse schatzoekers Peter Lindberg en Dennis Asberg. Duikers die de structuur van dichtbij probeerden te bekijken zeiden dat hun apparatuur uitviel.
Duiker Stefan Hogerborn zei: “Alle elektrische apparaten, inclusief de satelliettelefoon, vielen uit toen we ons recht boven het object bevonden. Zo’n 200 meter bij het object vandaan deed de apparatuur het wel, maar toen we teruggingen viel alles weer uit.”
Niet in de natuur
Veel media besteedden aandacht aan het 60 meter brede en acht meter hoge cirkelvormige object. Volgens sommigen was het een reusachtige paddenstoel. Anderen dachten aan een gezonken Russisch schip of een buitenaards ruimteschip.
Geoloog Steve Weiner concludeerde op basis van monsters die door duikers waren verzameld dat het geen natuurlijke formatie kon zijn. Na analyse van de fragmenten zei hij dat de materialen bestonden uit ‘metalen die niet in de natuur voorkomen’.
UFO
Sommige experts denken dat het een onderdeel is van een oorlogsschip, terwijl anderen menen dat het om een UFO gaat. Hoogleraar geologie Volker Bruchert van de Universiteit van Stockholm zei: “Mijn hypothese is dat dit object, deze structuur, duizenden jaren geleden is gevormd tijdens de IJstijd.”
Maar Lindberg en Asberg zeiden dat de monsters die ze hebben laten analyseren, niet van het object zelf afkomstig zijn, maar uit de omgeving van het object. Het begint erop te lijken dat niemand verder onderzoek naar het object in de Oostzee wil financieren. Het blijft dus de vraag wat daar verborgen ligt.
RUIMTESCHIP MARDUK VOOR KUST VAN CALIFORNIA EN MEXICO? ( VIDEO )
RUIMTESCHIP MARDUK VOOR KUST VAN CALIFORNIA EN MEXICO? ( VIDEO )
Op een aantal plaatsen langs de kustlijn tussen Los Angeles en voorbij de Mexicaanse grens is er enkele dagen geleden een merkwaardig grote UFO gesignaleerd.
Voor de kust van Los Angeles zijn er sporen ontdekt van een buitenaardse onderwater basis en onder de stad schijnt zich een Reptielenstad te bevinden.
Steeds vaker worden verbanden tussen ogenschijnlijk separate gebeurtenissen zichtbaar. Ook nu.
Er is de laatste tijd opmerkelijk veel publiciteit rondom de Anunnaki god Marduk en uiteraard ook de planeet Nibiru.
Volgens de legende is Marduk een Anunnaki (Anakem of Nephilim), een Luceferiaans duivels wezen die tevens de vertegenwoordiger is van de inter-dimensionale zwarte planeet Nibiru, het hemellichaam wat niet zichtbaar is voor astronomen.
In de vorige afleveringen heb ik voorzichtig enkele profielen geschetst van de Anunnaki. Van hun uiterlijk... en kom ik tot de conclusie dat deze wezens, anders dan Zecharia Sitchin meent en aanneemt, minder menselijk zijn en meer reptielachtig.
In 2013 schreven wij een artikel over hoe er al tientallen jaren geruchten de ronde doen over een Reptielenstad onder Los Angeles.
Een stukje uit dat eerdere artikel:
In The Los Angeles Times van 29 januari 1934 stond het fascinerende verhaal van mijn-ingenieur Warren Shufelt.
Er was hem een verhaal verteld door een wijze oude Hopi Indiaan over een ondergrondse reptielenstad vol met schatten.
Shufelt had deze stad weten te lokaliseren door middel van Röntgenstralen en was op dat moment, in januari 1934, bezig met het aanbrengen van schachten om deze stad te kunnen bereiken.
Zo zag het artikel in de krant er uit op die dag in 1934:
Wat wel leuk is en niets met het verhaal als zodanig te maken heeft is dat de eindredactie van de L.A. Times op die dag goed heeft zitten slapen, want er zit een behoorlijke spelfout in het woord “people” in de titel.
Terug naar het echte verhaal. Een interessant gegeven wat misschien ook in onze huidige tijd relevant is is dat de legende waarop het onderzoek van Shufelt was gebaseerd, zegt dat er door de Reptielenmensen ongeveer vier- tot vijfduizend jaar geleden een ondergrondse stad was gegraven na “de grote ramp” die de aarde destijds had getroffen.
Deze zou hebben plaatsgevonden in de vorm van een “grote tong van vuur” die uit het Zuid Westen kwam en die alles wat op haar pad kwam vernietigde. Hierna besloot men om een ondergrondse stad te bouwen om aan toekomstige gebeurtenissen zoals deze te kunnen ontsnappen.
Zo is er een serieuze wetenschappelijke theorie die stelt dat er in het verleden een inslag is geweest van een meteoor die een geweldig vuur/brand in de atmosfeer tot gevolg had. Dit strekte zich uit van Californië tot Europa waardoor een groot deel van het ijs op het Noordelijk Halfrond smolt en in de oceanen terechtkwam. Het gevolg hiervan was dat de gehele waterstromen op aarde uit balans raakten wat weer heftige klimaatveranderingen veroorzaakte (ijstijd).
De legende gaat verder over hoe deze reptielmensen krachtige chemicaliën gebruikten om een netwerk van ondergrondse tunnels en ruimten te maken in plaats van deze te moeten graven. Ze werden aangelegd op hogere en lagere niveaus. De lagere tunnels kwamen uit bij de oceaan en middels eb en vloed kwam daar dagelijks water waardoor automatisch verse lucht naar de hogere tunnels werd gestuwd.
En verder:
De legende van de Hopi Indiaan schijnt in ieder geval te wijzen op een echt gebeurde ramp in het verleden. Werden deze inslagen van meteroren veroorzaakt door een vorige passage van Nibiru? Ook nu zijn er veel aanwijzingen dat deze Red Kachina (planeet X, Nibiru) wederom in de buurt is en hebben we te maken met een sterke toename van het aantal objecten uit de ruimte.
Een jaar na bovenstaand artikel schrijven wij over een bizarre onderwaterbasis die wordt ontdekt voor de kust van Los Angeles.
Onlangs werd er via een het Amerikaanse radiostation, Dark Matter Radio, een bizarre ontdekking bekend gemaakt.
Het betreft een gigantische onderwater ingang net voor de kust van Malibu bij wat men noemt Point Dume. Het is een soort plateaustructuur van ongeveer 2,2 bij 4 kilometer. Het bevindt zich op een afstand van precies 6,66 mijl (10,7 kilometer) vanaf de kust.
De breedte tussen de pilaren is 837 meter en de hoogte daarvan is 192 meter. Het dak van het plateau is 150 meter dik en lijkt zelfs bestand tegen nucleaire explosies. Het geheel bevindt zich op een diepte van 450 meter onder water.
De streek rond Malibu is al jarenlang een “hotspot” voor ufo’s en ook al jarenlang doen er verhalen de ronde over een ondergrondse buitenaardse basis voor de kust. Is dit dan misschien eindelijk de oplossing voor dit raadsel? De ingang is groot genoeg voor grote ruimteschepen en eventueel ook nucleaire onderzeeërs.
Al vanaf de jaren vijftig worden er met grote regelmaat ufo’s waargenomen in dit deel van Californië. In de jaren zeventig was het de gewoonte van veel gezinnen om als uitje naar Point Dume te gaan om daar de veelkleurige ufo’s onder water te zien verdwijnen.
Afgelopen week wordt op diverse plaatsen langs de kust een zeer grote merkwaardige UFO waargenomen.
Dit gebeurt zowel in het Amerikaanse San Diego als het Mexicaanse Tijuana en wel op dezelfde dag, in de avond van 18 april 2016.
Om even een idee te geven hoe het er daar ook alweer uitziet, navolgend een kaart met daarop Los Angeles, San Diego en Tijuana.
In beide plaatsen zagen mensen ongetwijfeld hetzelfde object. In eerste instanties lijkt het op meerdere UFO’s, maar bij nader onderzoek blijkt het om één schip te gaan.
De eerste afbeelding laat zien hoe de mensen in Mexico het object zagen en de tweede die in San Diego.
Hieronder volgen de twee video -opnames, de eerste uit Tijuana en de tweede uit San Diego.
Wanneer je een beetje luistert naar de mensen in de achtergrond en je ziet dit enorme object hangen, laag boven het water, dan krijg je een beetje het Independence Day gevoel.
In de tweede video krijg je pas een indruk hoe groot dit object is, wanneer je ook een vliegtuig hoog in de lucht ziet.
Nibiru en de Anunnaki die er waarschijnlijk uitzien als Reptielen, gecombineerd met de Reptielenstad en de ondergrondse tunnels die leiden naar de oceaan met daarin iets wat lijkt op enorme onderwaterbasis.
Vervolgens op ongeveer dezelfde locatie verschijnt een enorm (ruimte)schip dat in verschillende steden en zelfs landen wordt waargenomen.
Is het dan vergezocht om te veronderstellen dat Marduk even een bezoekje komt brengen aan de ondergrondse Reptielenstad, via de onderwaterbasis voor de kust van Malibu?
Location: Miramar FL Date:Sat April 16 2016 10pm Submitted by Dumford
Witness report:
Had sensing to take dog outside– had to wake him. Seems craft would have been right over me at that time. Rectangular with 10 lights in 2 columns of 2 -front 2 white blinking didn’t appear to be strobe, and other 8 multi colors strady on blue, red, yellow, green …?? While trying to determine if 8 or 10 lights, another craft appeared also rectangular but only 8 lights not multi colored but would go totally black for several seconds – only saw it 2x. Travelling WNW from MIA? Into/across wind, flying too fast for blimps ( such as if lit up underneath) too slow for normal jets… Not enough sound ( if any) for choppers flying any panels of lights to someplace ( direction Eglin?) No “wingtip lights” of red/ green” unable to determine altitude due to unknown actual size. But if ‘ usual’ plane altitude after TO 2 mile ‘down range’ less than 2 mi alt. perhaps? At one point I thought I saw a large light grey disk above it(attached) 3x size of rectangular light ‘panel’ but could be trick of mind/eye as low clouds were moving in and moon light subdued. Called someone immediately who knows ac had worked avionics 40 years and he had no idea. Tweeted later if anyone had seen it also but no replies.
New runway has caused many ac to fly right over at low altitudes for many months. Jets fly low after buzzing sunlife stadium, blimps for games often around..Am close to smaller ap where planes dive in and out picking up dropping banners– but never at night. (North Perry) Used to live ‘at’ HAFB and saw low flying stealth before made public ( it was viewing downrange flight of shuttle liftoff at night) .10 yrs CAP-USAF scanner. Never seen anything like this. Only photoes by iphone are garbage but show squarish blobs of light.
Location: High over Europe Date: 24/04/16 Submitted by Captain Anon
Witness report:
Whilst operating a commercial flight from eastern Mediteranean to UK cruising at 36000′ heading approx 300* over Bulgaria we saw what we initially thought was a satellite moving left to right just under the constelation Canis Minor. It was too slow for a meteor. It initially appeared as bright as the ISS, but quickly faded as it moved horizontally to the right, and faded from view before passing under the right star of Canis Minor. So we thought it was just a satellite and nothing at all unusal. However about 10 minutes later it appeared in exactly the same place and did exactly the same thing again, another satellite perhaps…a real coincidence! Shortly after that there was a bright white flash lower down under Canis Minor, it came and went in a split second. This was not a coincidence so we started to monitor that part of the sky closely and sure enough it reappeared in the same place and followed the same path again. As the occurances continued regularly at about 10 minute intervals it became fainter, however on about the fourth pass another bright short flash appeared underneath and to the right of the object. We observed about six passes before it was too faint to see, or had moved away. What WASN’T it? Not a satellite, although of a similar speed, but repetetive. Not a weather balloon, probably the right height, but too fast and repetetive. Not a commercial aircraft, no nav lights, no strobes nor beacon, and FAR too high. The only thing that makes any sense is an ultra high (military) aircraft flying extremely fast in a race track pattern getting further away from us. BUT this would not explain the two HI flashes. Three of us witnessed this from the flight deck, we were baffled, I have never seen anything like this in 20 years of commercial flying.
Location:Taylors Hill, Victoria, Australia Date: 24th April 2016 Submitted by David
Witness report:
My name is David, I am a skywatcher from Taylors Hill, Victoria, Australia. I would like to share with you one of my recent captures of a Polymorphic UFO that was captured from a viewing platform in my backyard. The object was filmed at 2.50pm on the 24th of April 2016 for one hour. The object was first detected at an elevation of approximately 75 degrees north-east of my location, and roughly 120 degrees opposite the sun. The footage was filmed in 4k resolution with a Panasonic Lumix GH4 paired with a spotting scope at 60x magnification.
Robert Hastings joined George Knapp to discuss UFO incursions at nuclear weapons sites. His new film UFOs and Nukes, The Secret Link Revealed features interviews with US Air Force veterans who were involved in incidents which confirm that unidentified flying objects seem to be able to monitor and even control nuclear weapons. Hastings says the film (and his book) feature “anecdotal evidence from very persuasive sources.” The cases have continued for decades, up to the present day. Hastings’ father was in the Air Force and when he was stationed at Malmstrom Air Force Base in North Dakota in the 1960s, there were rumors of UFOs hovering over the area. He believes that whatever intelligence is behind the incursions may be essentially asking leading governments if it is wise to continue to possess nuclear weapons.
A man driving along a dirt road at Malvern in Arkansas had a close encounter with a silent UFO more than 150 feet wide on December 15, 2015, approximately an hour before sundown.
The UFO was reportedly hovering low – just above the trees – and passing his destination. He observed it for 30 seconds but did not stop driving out of fear.
The object had strange bright blue lights that were pointed straight at the witness like two square eyes. The witness thought right there that it could see him.
As the witness got closer to the UFO, the treeline blocked his view or perhaps the view of the entity inside the UFO too. After about an hour, he noticed afterburners of a military fighter jet going south without lights.
He estimated the UFO to be between 150 and 200 feet wide. The witness wasn’t sure how long the UFO hovered there.
The witness reported his close encounter to the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), and it can be accessed in Case 75545 of the network’s witness reporting database.
It seems aliens, in the eyes of UFO hunters at least, aren't content with just building on Mars.
Recently published images of Venus appear to show ‘huge cities, artificial structures and all kinds of elements’, according to one researcher.
He says the buildings were created by some kind of alien race.
Scroll down for video
Recently published images of Venus appear to show ‘huge cities, artificial structures and all kinds of elements’ that some say aren’t natural to the planet Martian researchers believe these buildings were created by some kind of alien race, making Venus the second planet in our solar system to be colonized
WHAT MAKES VENUS INTERESTING?
Venus is the second planet from the sun, orbiting at a distance of about 67 million miles (108 million km).
One Venus year lasts longer than a day on Venus.
A year lasts 225 Earth days and the planet spins so slowly that its day lasts as 243 Earth days.
It is a dim, but hot and volcanically active planet and it spins in the opposite direction of most planets.
YouTube and alien hunter mundodesconocido put a video together explaining the large cities he claims he found while analyzing the collection of photos.
He even created 3D models of the structures.
‘Artificial bizarre shapes appear to be cities and seem to have elements that emit light,’ he said in the video.
Mundodesconocido takes viewers on a tour through the 'great city' on Venus, showing raised structures all over the planet that could be alien apartment complexes or just craters on the surface.
These images came from the Magellan probe that was shipped off to Venus in 1989, which arrived a little over a year later to collect data.
Its mission was study land forms and tectonics, impact processes, erosion, deposition, chemical processes and the planets interior.
At least 85 percent of the surface was found to be covered with volcanic flows, which could explain the protruding structures referred to as ‘huge cities’ in YouTube clip.
Scott C. Waring of UFO Sightings Daily, published the YouTube video on his blog to share with these findings his followers.
The Venus map used by the researchers: To see an interactive version of it click here
Pictured is the image of which the YouTuber found the alien cities. He shows others how to locate the cities using the map and easily accessible software
Mundodesconocido takes viewers on a tour through the great city on Venus, showing raised structures all over the planet that could be alien apartment complexes or just craters on the surface. These images came from the Magellan probe that was shipped off to Venues in 1989
‘Wow! This person not only found these structures, but made a CGI duplicate so we can see what it truly looks like,’ he shared.
‘Note, the entire…and I mean entire, surface of Venus is covered in structures.’
POLES ON VENUS ARE COLDER THAN ANYWHERE ON EARTH
Venus is the second planet from the sun, orbiting at a distance of about 67 million miles (108 million km).
It is a sad reality that some spacecraft like Nasa's Philae lander don't last as long as they should, while others such as Esa's Venus Express continue to surprise us.
As part of its recent swansong, as the probe plummeted toward the planet, the Express gathered new and unexpected information about the planet's polar atmosphere.
This data has now been studied and reveals the poles are colder than any place on Earth.
They are also covered with rippling atmospheric waves.
Venus Express arrived at Venus in 2006.
It spent eight years orbiting the planet, greatly exceeding the mission's planned duration of 500 days, before it ran out of fuel.
The probe then began its descent into Venus' atmosphere, before the mission lost contact with Earth in November 2014 and officially ended the following month.
Before it plummeted down through the planet's atmosphere, the probe's measurements showed it to be rippling with atmospheric waves and, at an average temperature of -157°C (114K), is colder than anywhere on Earth.
These recent observations show the planet's atmosphere is much more interesting than first thought.
During the final months of its mission, Venus Express orbited the planet low enough to measure drag from the atmosphere.
Our previous understanding of Venus' polar atmosphere was based on observations gathered by Nasa's Pioneer Venus probe in the late 1970s.
These were of other parts of Venus' atmosphere, near the equator, but extrapolated to the poles to form a complete atmospheric reference model.
The Transit of Venus and Why its a rare event (HD)
Its mission was study land forms and tectonics, impact processes, erosion, deposition, chemical processes and the planets interior. At least 85 percent of the surface was found to be covered with volcanic flows, which could explain the protruding structures referred to as ‘huge cities’ in YouTube clip
Mundodesconocido shows viewers different areas of Venus and and shows other conspiracy theorists how to find the structures on their own. These images were taken from the Magellan probe that studied land forms and tectonics, impact processes, erosion, deposition, chemical processes and the planets interior
Some of the other structures spotted on the surface of Venus.
Neptune's largest moon, Triton, has a retrograde orbit, moving the opposite direction around its planet. This orbit contradicts everything we know about how moons form, and it could indicate a secret origin.
A RETROGRADE WORLD
In August 25, 1989, NASA’s Voyager 2 mission reached the outer solar system and gave us our first look at the largest of Neptune’s 13 moons, Triton. To begin, Triton is considered to be one of the coldest places in our entire Solar System. The moon’s surface temperature is about -235°C on average, while Pluto averages about -229°C.
Yes, this world is colder than Pluto.
And upon our arrival, we discovered that the this strange moon is, well, even stranger than we assumed. In fact, it is orbiting the wrong way, and it is the only large moon among any of the other planets in the solar system that does this.
Triton has what is called a “retrograde orbit,” which means that its orbit is opposite to Neptune’s rotational direction, indicating that the moon did not form along with its host planet. This orbit contradicts everything we know about how moons form.
AND THINGS GET WEIRDER
If that’s not enough to convince you that it’s clearly no ordinary moon, Triton’s surface is smooth, seemingly like metal. This may be caused by eruptions on the surface, as Triton is geologically active to this day, driven by the radioactive heating from its core. And this heating means that it could have liquid water in its interior, just like Europa.
One theory is that Triton was originally a binary object that visited our solar system from somewhere else. In this case, Triton would have once been a dwarf planet. However, it had a close encounter with Neptune that ended with the loss of the other body, making the former planet a moon.
Sadly, Triton’s orbit is decaying. Scientists estimate that, in approximately 3.6 billion years, it will pass below Neptune’s Roche limit and will be torn apart…so enjoy this little world while you can.
Astronomers Uncover An Invisible, Dark Matter Galaxy
Astronomers Uncover An Invisible, Dark Matter Galaxy
NASA GSFC
IN BRIEF
An image that could change the way astronomers look at "discrepancies" in light distortions in space. The distortions of light around a galaxy nearly 4 billion light-years away is believed to be caused by the gravitational force of an invisible, dark matter galaxy.
INVISIBLE BUT NOT UNDETECTABLE
The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) has captured an image with subtle distortions. That, in and of itself, is not too terribly interesting; however, these distortions hint at a hidden galaxy—a dark, dwarf galaxy made up mostly of dark matter…dark matter than happens to be one of the two missing pieces of our universe.
The image captured by ALMA showed faint red arcs surrounding a galaxy (shown in blue light below) nearly 4 billion light-years away. The distortions of light are believed to have been caused by the gravitational force from the dwarf dark galaxy behind it.
Image Credit: ALMA
As NASA says, “we are much more certain what dark matter is not than we are what it is.” We know that dark matter does not emit or absorb light, making it invisible to us as of now. And while we have no known methods of seeing dark matter, all matter has gravitational force, which has an effect on surrounding matter (including light). As predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, the gravitational forces of objects alter light and cause a lensing effect, called gravitational lensing.
This gives clues about surrounding galaxies, even when they are far away or, in this case, invisible.
“DISCREPANCIES” NO MORE
“We can find these invisible objects in the same way that you can see rain droplets on a window. You know they are there because they distort the image of the background objects,” Stanford University astronomer Yashar Hezaveh explained.
The research implies that we may have not been seeing majority of dwarf galaxies because they are made up mostly of dark matter.
For nearly two decades, researchers have been seeing similar distortions but brushed them off as “discrepancies.” This discovery could explain those discrepancies and open up possibilities for ALMA to find similar objects for comparison as well as help astronomers find out more about dark matter.
Called auroras (or northern lights), these swirling light shows are considered "space weather" because they result from geomagnetic storms. Although auroras are always happening — as a result of the solar wind blowing charged particles toward Earth — few people live far enough north or south for regular aurora sightings. Many people travel to witness the celestial show.Night-sky enthusiasts are looking to the heavens for dancing lights in the name of science ─ or Aurorasaurus, as the project is called. The online community is a hub for citizen-scientists to gather and share aurora data via the project's website and mobile apps.
"Using these observations, we can make better short-term predictions of when and where the aurora is for aurora enthusiasts — and scientists," Liz MacDonald, the founder of Aurorasaurus, said in a statement.
After a geomagnetic storm was predicted in 2011, MacDonald saw a viral response online of people sharing aurora-related posts on social media. That storm and the subsequent public reactions allowed for the first wide-scale documentation of aurora activity. This inspired MacDonald to create Aurorasaurus. [Aurora Photos: Northern Lights Dazzle in Night-Sky Images]
Skywatchers upload their observations to the Aurorasaurus website or app, and include information such as location, time, color and type of aurora observed, as well as how high the aurora appeared in the sky, according to the website.
This screenshot of an Aurorasaurus map shows an aurora storm on March 6, 2016. Citizen scientists reported seeing aurora in the midlands of England, the north coast of the Netherlands, and areas in the U.S. such as Maine, New York, Minnesota and North Dakota. Credit: Aurorasaurus
Software then plots the aurora's position based on the observer's location, according to a release by Earth and Space Science News (EOS). The citizen-scientists can also share images, which gives a greater understanding of the aurora as the appearance can change over time or by vantage point. Aurorasaurus uses all this information, as well as tweets on auroras (which the site tracks based on keywords), to pump out a real-time visibility map.
After a particularly expansive showing of auroras during spring 2015, many more citizen-scientists began to share reports online about the colors and heights of the natural light displays.
Most Aurorasaurus data collected thus far originated from geomagnetic storms during March and June of 2015, according to the EOS release. Users filed 170 observation reports around St. Patrick's Day, with many including photos. Hundreds of tweets were also collected for the Aurorasaurus map.
"The short-term vision for Aurorasaurus is to become an interactive hub for aurora enthusiasts at the intersection of citizens and science," MacDonald said in a NASA statement. "Long term, this engaged community can be sustained and evolve together — and the tools can be expanded to be useful in other disciplines within our technological society."
Even some of the tech aboard the USS Enterprise isn't so far-fetched. Think the automatic sliding doors or the wireless earpiece worn by communications officer Nyota Uhura. Credit: Paramount
WASHINGTON — William Shatner knows a thing or two about sci-fi tech. The 85-year-old actor is best known for his portrayal of the fictional Captain James Kirk, the courageous and willful leader of the starship Enterprise from the original "Star Trek" TV series.
The show, which debuted in 1966, exposed audiences to spaceships, intergalactic space travel and a bevy of high-tech, futuristic gadgets. Now, nearly 50 years after the show came on the air, some "Star Trek" technologies exist in real life — everything from automatic doors to cell phones. But, even though humans aren't zooming to distant worlds at warp speed, or using a "transporter" to teleport between two locations, Shatner says some of the series' most out-of-this-world tech may not always be so out of reach.
There are several examples of how real-life inventions took cues from "Star Trek." For instance, the communicator that Captain Kirk uses to talk to his crew is essentially a crude version of today's cellphones; the USS Enterprise's communications officer, Nyota Uhura, uses a futuristic-looking earpiece that today would fit right in with contemporary Bluetooth-enabled options; and the automatic sliding doors seen on the starship Enterprise must have seemed revolutionary at the time, but are now so ubiquitous most people likely take them for granted. The design of the starship's command center, or bridge, was even studied by real-life researchers, Shatner said.
"The Navy did come in and look at some of the ergonomics of the bridge, and apparently copied it," he said. "A captain of a vessel not too long ago [said] some of the bridge stuff on his ship was designed after what our designers had [done]."
Yet, with other concepts from the show — faster-than-light travel, teleportation and time travel — the gulf between science and science fiction seems to be as wide today as it was 50 years ago.
Conceptually, teleporting a human being from one room to another is thought to be impossible, but on an atomic scale, researchers have made significant strides in the bizarre world of quantum teleportation.
"Although a lot of the concepts in science fiction are absurd to our Newtonian minds, anything is possible because of the new language of quantum physics," Shatner said.
Quantum physics describes the strange set of rules that govern the behavior of subatomic particles, including why particles can exist in more than one place at the same time. Quantum teleportation relies on so-called "quantum entanglement," in which particles can interact and become linked so that an action performed on one instantaneously influences the other, even if they are far apart.
Quantum teleportation experiments do not dabble with matter, but rather they aim to beam photons (particles of light that have no mass) between two locations. (In other words, these experiments aren't teleporting humans anywhere, but the findings are valuable for advances in quantum computing.)
In 2015, physicists set a new distance record in quantum teleportation, beaming photons 63 miles (102 kilometers) across fiber optics, or four times farther than had been previously demonstrated.
Now what?
"So, where does that leave us?" Shatner said. "Can you transport all the molecules in a human being? Apparently, it's impossible. Can you transport a replica of that person? [It's] possible, but the amount of computer energy and space is overwhelming. There's so much that we imagine in science fiction that is so delightful to think about."
Time travel is similarly a mystery, though Shatner said people are likely familiar with the sci-fi narrative that involves characters traveling through a wormhole "where time and space is curved," creating a shortcut between two locations in space or time. But, wormholes are hypothetical features, and so far, they have not been proven to exist. [The 7 Silliest Time Travel Concepts in Science Fiction]
And though faster-than-light travel has been popularized in both the "Star Trek" and "Star Wars" franchises, Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity says nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, which is 186,282 miles per second (299,792 kilometers per second) in a vacuum.
Still, Shatner said it's fun to mull over these concepts, and science fiction should always serve as a way to stoke people's imaginations. And from his perspective (at least when it comes to Hollywood), the future is an exciting place.
Artist's impression of the Japanese Hitomi spacecraft (left) and ground-based observation of the damaged spacecraft in orbit.
Credit: JAXA
On a clear night sky, you might spot an occasional shooting star or even glimpse the fast-moving International Space Station as it circles the Earth.
But there are a lot of other objects up there too, including a massive new Japanese x-ray telescope called Hitomi that broke up a few weeks ago, and hundreds of tiny four-inch cube-shaped satellites ("cubesats") that are filling an ever more crowded orbital playground.
Now a group of astrophysical researchers say they can track bits of broken satellites and space junk using regular optical telescopes to record flashes of sunlight that reflect off these wandering probes. This week, they have been watching several big chunks of Hitomi as they tumble uncontrollably through space.
"As these things are going across the sky, they flash as the sunlight reflects on them," said Aroh Barjatya, associate professor of engineering physics at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Fla. "Using photometry, we wrote a piece of code that centers them and measures the brightness of the object. When you are looking at controlled satellite, the brightness curve behaves in a known way. When you look at Hitomi, it's tumbling up and down. It has spin rate."
Barjatya said the group's observatory is specializing in tracking small cubesats -- many of them inexpensive, short-lived probes launched by university researchers that might fall through the cracks of the Pentagon's space junk tracking system.
"There are hundreds of universities launching them each year," Barjatya said. "We are potentially putting a lot of orbiting objects in the sky, many can breakup and fail and destroy other satellites. It hasn't happened. But as we put more and more up there, there is that possibility."
Barjatya says that half of the cubesats have lost contact with their operators. With a better optical tracking system, he hopes that provide more information about their fate.
The Pentagon's Joint Space Operations Center at Vandenberg Air Force Base is currently tracking 23,000 objects in space using radar and optical cameras. Their position are posted on this website each day.
JSpOC spokesman Capt. Nick Mercurio agreed that the space above Earth is getting more crowded. Every day, more than 3,000 automated messages are sent out to satellite operators about drifting debris or other satellites that may pose a risk. JSpOC is currently tracking 11 separate pieces of Hitomi since its breakup on March 26, Mercurio said, and has made five notifications warning other spacecraft operators that these bits are getting close to existing satellites.
In 2015, nearly 150 satellites had to be moved from their orbit to avoid colliding with something else. Astronauts aboard the ISS had to boost its orbit four times last year to avoid trouble.
"Low earth orbit is congested," Mercurio said. "Things are moving at 17,500 miles per hour and it can get dangerous. A two-centimeter ball bearing has same impact (energy of a) Jeep Wrangler driving at 70 miles per hour."
The Embry-Riddle team says they hope to improve their imaging capabilities with spectroscopic cameras that will be able to analyze the light reflecting off the space debris to determine whether it's a solar panel, piece of Teflon, aluminum or other kind of metal.
A large "Y-shaped discontinuity" dominates this image of Saturn's moon Enceladus, taken by NASA'S Cassini spacecraft in February 2016.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
A strange Y-shaped feature stretches like a tentacled monster across the icy surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus in a new image from NASA's Cassini spacecraft.
The giant, sinuous "Y," which appears at the boundary between sunlight and darkness in the photo, is a tectonic feature related to stresses in the icy shell of Enceladus, NASA officials said.
Such "Y-shaped discontinuities" likely arise "when surface material attempts to push northward, compressing or displacing existing ice along the way," NASA officials wrote Monday (April 18) in a description of the image.
"Such features are also believed to be relatively young based on their lack of impact craters — a reminder of how surprisingly geologically active Enceladus is," they added.
Enceladus is famous for the geysers near its south pole, which blast water ice and other material into space continuously. The 313-mile-wide (504 kilometers) moon is thought to harbor a huge ocean of liquid water beneath its icy shell; the geysers offer a way to sample this ocean from afar, without touching down on Enceladus, scientists say.
Cassini has flown through the plume created by the geysers multiple times since its arrival in the Saturn system in 2004. Though Cassini is not equipped to hunt for signs of life, the probe has spotted organic materials — the building blocks of life as we know it — within the plume. (Many astrobiologists regard Enceladus as one of the solar system's best bets to host alien life.)
Cassini took the newly released image on Feb. 15, 2016, at a distance of about 60,000 miles (100,000 km) from Enceladus. The spacecraft has made a series of close flybys of the moon in recent months, to gain more information about its geological history and environment.
The surface of Enceladus is believed to be possibly less than 100 million years old, which would make it one of the youngest surfaces in the solar system. The moon reflects almost 100 percent of the light that hits its surface because it is so icy, scientists say.
"Star Trek Continues" is exactly what it sounds like: A fan-made science fiction series that picks up where the original "Star Trek" TV show left off, putting Kirk, Spock and the rest of the starship Enterprise's crew through a whole new set of adventures in the final frontier. The cast — made up of of talented voice- and stage-actor Trek fans, including Vic Mignogna as executive producer (and Kirk) — works on an exact-replica set, evoking the original show's performances to create what feels like lost episodes from the series itself.
Since its debut in 2013, "Star Trek Continues" has published five episodes online, and the sixth will premiere in May. (Episode 7 is nearly done as well.) The project's crowdfunding campaign to finish Episode 7's post-production phase and film three more episodes is live on Indiegogo until May 4.
Space.com caught up with Mignogna to talk about the show he calls his "love letter" to the original series, the key to "Star Trek" storytelling and what's to come in the next two episodes of the web series. (Plus, Space.com's own Karl Tate explores the set in this Trek-tastic new video.)
Space.com: How did "Star Trek Continues" begin?
(L to R) Chuck Huber, Vic Mignogna and Todd Haberkorn as McCoy, Kirk and Spock for the web series “Star Trek Continues.”
Credit: Star Trek Continues
Vic Mignogna: I've loved the original series of "Star Trek " ever since I was a little boy; I used to eat, sleep and breathe that show, basically. I would make my own uniforms and make my own props, and use my parents' movie camera to round up kids in the neighborhood to shoot little episodes. That show really inspired me when I was 10, 11, 12 years old, 13, 14.
Over the years, I have been developing skills in filmmaking and acting, and all different elements of production, and a few years ago I helped another fan production — I directed an episode for another fan production, and I kind of got bitten by the bug again. So I got a bunch of friends together and we all poured a lot of love and money and sweat and time and effort and talent into starting this web series. And people have really enjoyed it. We've got over 4 million views now, and have won a dozen awards, and people seem to really, really be enjoying it and it's very gratifying.
Space.com: How long did it take from the idea's inception to the first episode going up online?
Mignogna: We started out by releasing some little 3- to 5-minute dramatic vignettes introducing the world to our crew and the actors that were going to be playing those iconic roles, and we released three of those vignettes. They're all online, they're on our YouTube channel. They were basically a preview while we were finishing building all the sets and getting ready to shoot the first episode.
To date, we've been around three years and we've got six episodes: five online, released. The sixth one is done and will be premiering in May at Megacon, and the seventh episode is also done and will be premiering in the fall.
Space.com: Has the project grown in scale over time?
Mignogna: The project already started at its beginning at a higher level of quality than people had heretofore seen in fan production. But I will say with every episode, I feel like our cast and crew have gotten better and better. When we released a first episode, a lot of people were like, "Wow, how could you do any better than this?" And then we would release the second one and people would say, "Oh my gosh, I don't know how you did it, but this one's even better." And then the third one, they would say, "Oh my gosh, this one's even better, and the fourth one's even better, and the fifth one's even better!" So in different ways I think we are improving, but from the very beginning our quality level was extremely high. [See the Evolution of the Starship Enterprise in Photos]
Space.com: How do you decide on the specific plots or issues to focus on for particular episodes?
Mignogna: The original series' stories were very compelling stories that many times had an ethical theme or a moral plot or point or a social commentary, and so I was committed from the very beginning to telling those kinds of stories. And that's exactly what we've done. If you watch our episodes, you'll find that one of the things that makes [them] feel so much like the original series is that we tell very thought-provoking, intriguing, passion-filled stories.
Space.com: Can you say what's coming up in episodes six and seven?
Mignogna: I will tell you this: Our next episode is going to be so groundbreaking, nobody has ever done anything like this. I don't want to give away too much, but I will tell you that the engineering room will be featured prominently. It will be making its screen debut in Episode 6.
Gigi Edgley, who was one of the main characters in Farscape, is our guest star for this episode. And let me just say that there was an element that they incorporated into several episodes of the original series, and no fan production has done this to the degree that we're doing it in Episode 6.
And I will tell you that Episode 7 has already completed shooting. It's a wonderful, very, very thought-provoking episode about a very topical issue, and [I'm] very, very proud of that episode as well.
Space.com: What has been the most difficult part of producing the show?
Mignogna: Oh, my gosh, everything. I have to tell you, whenever you set out to do something at this level of quality, there are so many moving parts, and if you watch our episodes you see that there are tons and tons of elements to this production. Getting the lighting just right, getting the costumes just right, casting it, makeup, camera teams, sound team, props, art direction — there are dozens of moving parts that all have to come together to make it work, and I am so very, very proud of the team that I've assembled. The reason that we're able to do this quality-level work at a fraction of what it would normally cost is because everybody is basically doing it for virtually nothing. They're doing it because they love the original series of "Star Trek," they have a passion for it and they want to pay tribute to it the same way I do.
Space.com: What was it like putting together the replica sets?
Mignogna: The partial bridge was the only thing that had been built of all these sets when we partnered up [to work with another "Star Trek" fan production's set]. And then my director of photography, Matt Busey, did all of the diagrams and architectural drawings for all of the rest of the soundstage. And then a bunch of local volunteers, and just really good "Star Trek" fans, came together, including myself, and we all spent several months building all of the rest of the sets, and then three years ago we shot our first episode on those sets. So now — "Star Trek Continues" is the sole owner of those sets — we call our studio Stage 9, which is named after the soundstage where the original series was shot.
Our cast and crew come together at least twice a year to shoot episodes on those sets. They were patterned after the original series soundstage, and I would say that they were within inches of perfectly accurate to the original sets. [How 'Star Trek' Technology Works (Infographic)]
Space.com: Was there anything particularly hard to put together?
Mignogna: The pieces that were scattered all around the original soundstage were pieces from the 1960s; those pieces don't exist anymore. We need[ed] to come up with our own way to recreate and reproduce those pieces. And I'm very proud of the job we've done, doing so.
Let me say, as amazing as our sets are, at the end of the day, the sets are just a backdrop to the story. If the story isn't any good, if the acting isn't any good, then it really doesn't matter how accurate the sets are. The only reason that our sets need to be accurate is so the audience will immediately accept the setting as the original-series Enterprise or the original series of "Star Trek," and then allow us to tell them a good, thought-provoking story. That's one thing that a lot of fan productions miss. A lot of fan productions build really nice sets, or they make nice costumes, but those things are merely a vehicle to tell a good story. As far as "Star Trek Continues" is concerned, story, story, story is king. That's the most important thing.
Hunt Continues for Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Megamergers
Hunt Continues for Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Megamergers
By Shannon Hall
The Earth is constantly jostled by low-frequency gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries in distant galaxies. Astrophysicists are using pulsars as a galaxy-sized detector to measure the Earth’s motion from these waves.
Credit: B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF)
The sound of merging supermassive black holes does not saturate the universe.
For the past decade, scientists with the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) collaboration have been listening for a constant "hum" of low-frequency gravitational waves.
Theoretical work suggests that this hum — generated by collisions involving supermassive black holes, which contain millions or billions of times more mass than the sun — should be detectable at Earth. NANOGrav hasn't heard the hum yet, a new study reveals, but this lack of detection is an interesting result in its own right, revealing new details of how galaxies might evolve and merge, team members said. [The Search for Gravitational Waves in Pictures]
Gravitational waves — cosmic ripples that distort the fabric of space-time itself — were first predicted by Albert Einstein in his theory of general relativity in 1916.
The first direct detection of these ripples was announced earlier this year, by researchers with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) project. The waves spotted by LIGO radiated outward from a cosmic crash between two black holes that were 29 and 36 times the mass of the sun, respectively.
The $1 billion LIGO experiment bounces a laser beam between mirrors that are positioned at either end of two 2.5-mile-long (4 kilometers) arms. If a gravitational wave passes through the detector, the length of one of these arms will change ever so slightly compared to the other, affecting the arrival time of the laser light by a fraction of a second.
NANOGrav works on the same general principle, but it uses pulsars — dead stars that spin rapidly, up to hundreds of times each second — instead of Earth-based laser beams. And it hunts for supermassive black holes.
Pulsars emit beams of radiation from their magnetic north and south poles. If a pulsar happens to be aligned with Earth just right, astronomers will see flashes of its radiation, just as observers can see beacons of light from a lighthouse. These flashes can contain evidence of gravitational waves.
"As the gravitational wave transits the Milky Way, it stretches and squashes space-time, making the pulsars and the Earth jiggle," Chiara Mingarelli, an astronomer from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, told Space.com. "And we can measure that jiggle by looking at changes in the arrival time in the pulses."
Two pulsars "are like the interferometer arms on LIGO, but instead of being 4 kilometers long, they're 3,000 light-years long,” Mingarelli added. "A pulsar timing array is really a galactic-scale gravitational-wave detector."
NANOGrav currently monitors 54 pulsars throughout the Milky Way using the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia and the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, the two most sensitive radio telescopes operating at the necessary frequencies. Team members are hoping to hear a distinctive low-frequency sound.
"Whereas LIGO has this high-pitched chirp, pulsar timing arrays have a low growl from all these supermassive black holes combined," Mingarelli said. [What Colliding Black Holes Sound Like (Video)]
LIGO, A Passion for Understanding a film by Kai Staats
When two galaxies collide, the supermassive black holes at the cores of each sink to the center of the newly created megagalaxy and swirl around one another. Scientists think that, over time, the black holes' orbits shrink, allowing them to merge and form an even more gigantic supermassive black hole.
But there's a problem with this scenario. While it’s easy to imagine how two supermassive black holes could come to orbit one another, astronomers struggle to model how the behemoths cross the final parsec (about 3.2 light-years) of space between each other to merge. In order to fall toward each other, the black holes have to radiate away energy — but exactly what that energy looks like, and how it changes as the black holes come closer together, is relatively unknown.
The simplest model predicts that black holes merge via gravitational-wave radiation for that entire final parsec. If that's the case, the supermassive black holes would radiate so many gravitational waves that a background "hum" should have been detected by now. But the new analysis of NANOGrav's nine-year dataset did not detect any such background.
However, that result isn’t surprising, said study co-author Justin Ellis, an astronomer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena.
"Most people in the field didn't really believe the optimistic model," Ellis told Space.com.
The likelihood that the background noise is relatively weak means that the physics involved are a little messier — and more interesting, researchers said.
There are two possible interpretations of the failure of the NANOGrav collaboration to detect any telltale noise until now. The first is that merging supermassive black holes shrink in their orbits because they interact with stars and gas. If the black holes slingshot stars away from the center of the galaxy, for example, that could cause them to lose the necessary energy and slouch toward the center. This would cause them to merge faster and emit less gravitational-wave radiation.
The other possibility is that the black holes spiral toward each other so slowly — on timescales longer than the age of the universe — that they essentially never merge.
"It’s weird to think that the centers of galaxies just have these massive binaries that just can't get together, but it's possible," Mingarelli said.
Within these models are many knobs that theorists can turn, Ellis said. Researchers can play with how quickly and efficiently supermassive black holes merge via interacting with gas and dust, slingshotting stars away from the center or simply emitting gravitational-wave radiation.
"It's a big parameter space, and this is the first study that can start to cut out some of the edges of that parameter space and limit how far the knobs can be turned," Ellis said.
The new study was published in The Astrophysical Journal.
The incredible mystery of the ‘alien spacecraft’ that lies at the bottom of the Baltic Sea
The incredible mystery of the ‘alien spacecraft’ that lies at the bottom of the Baltic Sea
Unidentified object ... artist Tod Twentytod’s graphic depiction of the “Baltic Sea Anomaly”. Picture: sonofmabarker/YouTube
Maryse Farag and staff writersThe Sun
WHEN the mystery object at the bottom of the Baltic Sea was first spotted in 2011, it baffled experts and excited alien hunters. They still don’t know what it is.
Dubbed the “Baltic Sea Anomaly”, the structure looks like the Millenium Falcon from Star Wars.
It was discovered five years ago by Swedish treasure hunters, Ocean X team, led by Peter Lindberg, its captain, and his co-researcher Dennis Asberg, The Sun reports.
They used a side-scan sonar and found something strange 91 metres below the surface of the water.
Mystery object found in Baltic Sea
It was reported that the divers exploring the anomaly said their equipment stopped working as they approached it.
“Anything electric out there, and the satellite phone as well, stopped working when we were above the object,” professional diver Stefan Hogerborn, part of the Ocean X team, said.
“And then when we got away about 200 metres, it turned on again, and when we got back over the object it didn’t work.”
The 61-metre-wide and eight-metre-tall circular object hit the headlines, with many speculating the anomaly could be a giant mushroom, a sunken Russian ship or an alien spaceship.
“Baltic Sea Anomaly” ... artist Tod Twentytod’s graphic depiction of the object. Picture: sonofmabarker/YouTubeSource:Supplied
A sample recovered by divers was given to geologist Steve Weiner who ruled out the possibility of it being a natural geological formation.
After examining fragments, he claimed that the materials were “metals which nature could not reproduce itself”.
Some experts think it’s a Nazi anti-submarine device or a battleship gun turret.
Other observers believe it is a UFO called the “Roswell of the Ocean”, but there is still no evidence to suggest that the UFO-like object is an alien ship.
Volker Bruchert, an associate professor of geology at Stockholm University, toldLife’s Little Mysteries.com: “My hypothesis is that this object, this structure was formed during the Ice Age many thousands of years ago.”
But Lindberg and Asberg claim the samples they gave for analysis weren’t from the object itself, but from the “vicinity” of the object”, according to Open Minds.tv.
It seems that nobody wants to fund research into the Baltic Sea discovery. The question remains: what really lies beneath?
Location ... the “Baltic Sea Anomaly” was found at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. Picture: GooglemapsSource:Supplied
Previously unseen Australian UFO photographs dating from the 1950’s, 1960’s and 1970’s. These were all released in official documents including the Royal Australian Air Force.
MUSIC: Unfoldment Revilement Evolution Exposition Integration Arson by Chris Zabriskie
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
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