Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
06-12-2016
NASA All Sky Cameras: Cloaked Unknown Spacecraft? (Video)
NASA All Sky Cameras: Cloaked Unknown Spacecraft? (Video)
NASA’s All-Sky Cameras caught a cloaked UFO which illuminates the night sky in New Mexico on December 2,2016.
The object’s luminous/shimmering appearance seemed to resemble a kind of spacecraft.
Whether the object is a secret man-made or an alien spacecraft remains unclear, but it seems to fly very smoothly gliding effortlessly through the air using a cloaking technique allegedly used by UFOs.
Most people who use social media have figured out that Facebook and Google are in cahoots with the government. For those who are well aware of the issues, it’s high time you switched over to Seen.life.
Seen.life is a website that is similar to Facebook but without all the censorship. Firearm friendly, you may buy sell or trade anything allowed by site TOS rules.
Check out more contributions by Jeffery Pritchett ranging from UFO to Bigfoot to Paranormal to Prophecy
I was in my backyard taping the moon. A shooting sound together with a swish pulled my attention but all I’ve seen was a trail of a shooting star. I first thought it was a meteor. When I went to watch the video I noticed a yellow red orange object with some symmetrical characteristics, and also it changed direction. I may be wrong, but my impression is that the object could be a kind of spaceship. Unfortunately the object was too fast for my to get a longer video, it was only a coincidence if I got at lest less then a second. I’m uploading also a short video and pics of anew lighting object that I thought it was an helicopter but the sound was different.
REVEALED! THE 2017 NOSTRADAMUS PREDICTIONS AIM FOR TERRIFYING TIMES!
REVEALED! THE 2017 NOSTRADAMUS PREDICTIONS AIM FOR TERRIFYING TIMES!
For many years we have heard about people with the ability to predict future events. Some people are just lucky when it comes to predictions, but others seem to be the real deal.
Some of the most fulfilled prophecies originated from a distant era, during 16th century, France. The extraordinary seer in question is the well known Michael Nostradamus, who has predicted many important and catastrophic events. He foresaw the rising of Adolf Hitler to power and the war he bought upon the world, he also foresaw the fall of the Twin Towers which became known as the "9/11".
But his prophecies are far from over, he also predicted the recent outcome of the US elections with Donald Trump becoming current president of the US.
He has more for the upcoming years! With 2017 at our doorstep, he has a new batch of predictions to tease us before next year.
VIDEO: NASA-beelden tonen ‘UFO’s die energie van de zon opzuigen’
VIDEO: NASA-beelden tonen ‘UFO’s die energie van de zon opzuigen’
UFO-jagers claimen dat er ruimteschepen kunnen worden gezien bij de zon. De objecten zouden bovendien energie onttrekken aan onze ster.
Er gaan nieuwe NASA-beelden rond op internet die dergelijke schepen zouden tonen. Op de beelden is een witte stip te zien die door middel van een ‘kabel’ verbonden is met het zonneoppervlak.
YouTube-gebruiker StreetCap1 vroeg zich af: “Is dit een enorme UFO die zich voedt met de energie van de zon?”
Op te laden
Hij wees erop dat de UFO een andere kleur en vorm heeft dan de rest van de ‘kabel’. “Ik geloofde eerst niet zo in deze theorie, maar dit zet me toch wel aan het denken.”
Scott C. Waring van de website UFO Sightings Daily zei dat ‘dit zeker een UFO is’.
Volgens hem gebruikt het object, dat zich met hoge snelheid voortbeweegt, de energie van de zon mogelijk om op te laden.
Bestand
Hij voegde toe dat dit erop wijst dat het vaartuig gemaakt is van materiaal dat bestand is tegen de hitte van de zon.
Het is niet de eerste keer dat alienjagers hebben gesuggereerd dat buitenaardsen energie van de zon opzuigen.
Eerder dit jaar werden vreemde objecten gezien op beelden die waren gemaakt door zonneobservatorium SOHO. Ook werd een zwarte kubus gezien bij de zon.
Vliegende schotels
Sommigen claimen dat de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA bewijs voor buitenaardse ruimteschepen onder het tapijt veegt.
Voormalig NASA-medewerker Donna Hare claimde dat er tijdens de maanlandingen drie vliegende schotels zijn waargenomen, die later op het maanoppervlak zouden zijn geland.
Computerprogrammeur: "Terugkomst van Jezus zal rond oud en nieuw leiden tot apocalyps" Computerprogrammeur: “Terugkomst van Jezus zal rond oud en nieuw leiden tot apocalyps” in Mens en Dier 6 december 2016 17:00 8 Reacties 2,136 Bekeken Wa
Computerprogrammeur: “Terugkomst van Jezus zal rond oud en nieuw leiden tot apocalyps”
Wacht nog maar even met goede voornemens maken. De apocalyps, het einde der tijden, is in aantocht.
Volgens computerprogrammeur Nora Roth zal Jezus terugkeren naar de aarde en de opname in gang zetten, schrijft The Sun.
Ze baseert zich op complexe berekeningen die ze heeft uitgevoerd. Op haar website MarkBeast vraagt ze: “Is de periode van 6000 jaar vol zonden bijna voorbij? Zal Jezus in 2016 komen?”
Verbannen
Vervolgens geeft ze het antwoord op deze brandende vragen: “De Bijbel geeft verhelderende, logische en duidelijke antwoorden op deze vragen. Het korte antwoord is: ja!”
Hoe onderbouwt Roth haar claim? Ze baseert zich op het boek Daniël, waarin het Joodse volk wordt verbannen naar Babylonië.
Rust
“In de herfst van 2016 komt er een einde aan de periode van 6000 jaar vol zonden op aarde,” zei ze.
“Jezus zal terugkomen om zijn volk mee te nemen naar de hemel. Hierna zal er 1000 jaar lang rust
Cycli
Gabriël zegt in het verhaal dat er ‘na zeventig zevens een einde komt aan de zonden’. Die ‘zevens’ zijn volgens haar cycli.
Zeventig van deze cycli komen overeen met een periode van 3431 jaar, waarna Jezus terugkomt, aldus Roth. De periode van 3431 jaar loopt in 2016 af. zijn op aarde.”
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VIDEO: Mysterie rond kilometerslange menselijke figuur in Australische woestijn
VIDEO: Mysterie rond kilometerslange menselijke figuur in Australische woestijn
In juni 1998 maakte piloot Tevor Wright een routinevlucht over de Australische outback toen hij iets geheel onverwachts ontdekte.
Wright keek omlaag en zag een vreemde vorm in de grond: een menselijke figuur met de kop van een vogel.
De bizarre figuur is meer dan vier kilometer lang.
Grootste ooit
De vraag is nu niet alleen hoe de tekening is gemaakt, maar ook wie deze in het zand heeft gemaakt.
De vreemde tekening bevindt zich in de buurt van de plaats Marree in Zuid-Australië, op een kleine 600 kilometer van Adelaide.
Het gaat om de grootste afbeelding van een mens die ooit is gemaakt en het indrukwekkende is: de figuur is zelfs zichtbaar vanuit de ruimte.
Of was dat ook de bedoeling?
Onopgelost
Jarenlang bleef het mysterie onopgelost tot geruchten de ronde deden dat de excentrieke Australische kunstenaar Bardius Goldberg verantwoordelijk was voor de tekening.
Enkele jaren na de ontdekking van de ‘Marree Man’ overleed de kunstenaar echter onder vreemde omstandigheden.
Goldberg heeft nooit openlijk gezegd dat hij de ‘Marree Man’ heeft gemaakt, wat betekent dat lokale bewoners nog steeds geen idee hebben wie deze enorme figuur heeft achtergelaten.
UFO Appears And Disappears Over Brazil December 5, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Appears And Disappears Over Brazil December 5, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 5, 2016 Location of sighting: Brazil Here is a video posted on Youtube by user Gagare1952. The video shows a UFO that is making a cloud trail. Its telepathic emotion sensors realised that someone had noticed it, so it immediately cloaked...as you see in the video below. Have you ever seen such a UFO in the sky, only to have it disappear with seconds of noticing it? Yes, you have, and so have most the population on Earth. Out of sight, out of mind. Scott C. Waring
Deze gloeiende UFO is vergelijkbaar met zowel de UFO's gezien door duizenden over de bergen van Denver, Colorado en de UFO die werd gezien op een oude tempel van duizenden jaren oud, Koepel van de Rots, die ook werd gezien door duizenden. U kunt ze noemen engelen, maar ik noem ze een hoog ontwikkeld uitheemse soorten, die een positie die de mensheid kan een dag aandeel.
Scott C. Waring
Inexplicata luidt als volgt:
** Dit is niet de eerste keer dat Roberto Ruiz heeft een ervaring zoals die op donderdag, toen hij ging naar buiten om een storm te fotograferen. Bekijk de video**
Fotograaf Roberto Ruiz uit Jachal (San Juan Provincie) getuige van een lichtgevend object in de lucht boven zijn geboortestad op donderdagavond, toen hij ging met zijn collega Nito Martín om de storm te fotograferen.
Hun lenzen waren gericht op Cerro Los Blanquitos ongeveer tien uur 's avonds, wanneer een krachtige groenachtig licht zichtbaar op de bergkam werd. Volgens de ooggetuigen, het object verplaatst en later verdween achter de top.
Dit is de eerste keer dat de fotojournalist een soortgelijke ervaring heeft. In augustus 1984, Ruiz alleedly zag een UFO vanuit het raam van een vliegtuig waarop hij vloog.
Planet Mars: It's Not Just a Rock, Enlightening Tour Of Mars, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Planet Mars: It's Not Just a Rock, Enlightening Tour Of Mars, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of video: Nov 30, 2016 Maker of video:TheRealJimmyRoberts1 This very enlightening video was made by TheRealJimmyRoberts1 of Youtube. He carefully takes us on a tour of Mars using NASA photos. He shows how NASA expertly hides the truth, by altering the photos, and how we can get it back into focus. Listen to him and at the end of the 38 minute video, you will better understand what we have been finding in Mars photos. Scott C. Waring Video states: 38 Minutes that are guaranteed to change your perspective on the reality of both past and present life on Mars. The basics of "HOW, WHY and WHO" are covered here along with hundreds of telling images. This is not conspiracy theory. This is not the occult. This is reality and it is extremely important that we begin to understand our relationship to both the past and present inhabitants of the Red Planet. Why? Because evidence strongly indicates they were destroyed by nuclear explosions.
Location:Hortense ga Date:December 1, 2016 Submitted by Whitney
Witness report:
We was driving in the car, and I seen something in the sky with alot of lights on it and I told my sister to follow it, so we did. I took a picture of it and then it zoomed away! Soo freaky!
Location: Cumbria, UK Date:26.11.16 Submitted by Melanie
Witness report:
Never really noticed anything. .was out walking in the fells..taking photos..wasn’t till looking at photos we noticed a mark on the picture. .wen blown the photo up..we think it looks like an u.f.o…..it looks very sharp and metallic. ..would love to see Wat it is. ..
Location:Port Macquarie Australia Date:1 November 2016 Submitted by Anon
Witness report:
Myself and 5 others were at a westward lookout facing mountain range, my eldest 17yr spotted something hovering, appeared to be jumping left to right rapidly, giving off white flash’s. Had the handy cam so these pics are only frame grabs. The battery went flat !!!! was a fully charged 2200mah charged 30mins prior, only just switched it on. We then saw a huge flash of white and it was gone
Ancient Coin Of France Apparently Depicts An Unidentified Flying Saucer
Ancient Coin Of France Apparently Depicts An Unidentified Flying Saucer
Absolute proof of UFO sightings from hundreds of years ago has been found in a 17th-century French token, UFO hunters claimed.
The coin-like object, known as the ancient jeton, was used for counting. It reportedly depicts a strange-looking circular entity that looks like a classic flying saucer.
Some even went to speculate that it represents the wheel in the Book of Ezekiel of the Bible, which they believe the Bible’s tale of a UFO encounter. Some skeptics say that the object just represents a drifting mushroom or flower. Others say that it shows a shield.
Meanwhile, many UFO hunters say that the token is an evidence of frequent UFO sightings in ancient France. So numerous that French decided to inscribe such sightings on coins. The object is a French jeton minted somewhere from 1680 to 1856.
It has almost the same size of a U.S. quarter-dollar. It was used for educational purposes to help people count money, and sometimes, used as a substitute for money in playing games. It also looks like other jetons with different educational and religious designs.
Researchers found a Latin inscription that says OPPORTUNUS ADEST, which means “It is here at an opportune time.” The other side of it shows rain drenching a plant-like thing.
UFO Expert Claims Government Withheld More Than Half of the Truth About Aliens and UFOs
UFO Expert Claims Government Withheld More Than Half of the Truth About Aliens and UFOs
A paranormal investigator made a claim that the British government has involvement in the cover-up of the truth about UFOs and aliens.
UFO expert Malcolm Robinson said intelligence that could clarify unsolved British mysteries involving UFOs and aliens had been withheld from public access.
Founder of Strange Phenomena Investigations, Mr. Robinson, has collected and examined UFO evidence for years. In 2015, he presented a collection of evidence containing detailed information about UFOs and aliens to Downing Street, requesting then Prime Minister David Cameron to open an inquiry. However, it failed to materialize.
He said governments in different parts of the world, including Britain, know far more than what they disclosed to the public for sure.
He claims that Nick Pope, the manager of the now defunct UFO desk, once told him that the government did not disclose even half of the truth.
According to documents obtained under Freedom of Information, the department and hotline for UFO sighting reports was shut down in 2009 for the reason that it no longer served a defense purpose and only taking away resources and staff to more significant defense-related activities. The documents further revealed the Ministry of Defence concluded that no UFO report in 50 years had evidence of a potential threat to the U.K.
Now, Mr. Robinson has called for the government to conduct an inquiry in several sightings, including police files from Bonnybridge Scotland. Robinson said that there were over 300 UFO sightings in the small town during the 1990s.
Mr. Robinson noted that about 95% of the sightings could be explained after checking with airports, the National Security Agency, the Ministry of Defence, and meteorological stations, but some 5% don’t have a rational explanation.
Earlier this year, many UFO conspiracy theorists claimed that some MoD UFO files which had been sent to the National Archives had been sent back for further censorship.
ALIENS: While UFOS menaced the US – the Soviet Union was getting the same treatment
During the 1940s and 1950s UFO-mania gripped the US as reports of flying saucers, men in black and alien abductions filled newspaper pages.
But as alien encounters became a sideshow in the states, their communist enemies were also being rocked by mysterious encounters with UFOs.
Around the same time the Soviets also began to have increasing contact with apparent aliens and growing reports of spacecraft entering airspace over Russia.
Soviet-born UFO researcher and author Paul Stonehill told Daily Star Online: “The Soviets were shocked so many UFOs could penetrate their borders and basically just do what they wanted without any control from the Kremlin.
“There were many more cases of direct encounters than in the United States, and anything which was flying over the Soviet Union was very interested in secret military installations.”
GETTY
SUPERPOWER: The Soviet Union was at the height of its power during the Cold War
“The aliens would fight back and destroy whatever unit would shoot at them.”
Paul Stonehill
Throughout the Cold War and the space race Soviet forces frequently clashed with UFOs.
Mr Stonehill said: “The Kremlin was paranoid but they could not do anything about it.
“They tried on several occasions where orders were given out from on high to shoot down UFOs, or local commanders would take it upon themselves.
“However, it always ended badly for them.”
GETTY
TOP SECRET: UFO reports and alien encounters were dealt with utter secrecy
The researcher, whose articles have been published in 11 languages, unearthed a culture of total secrecy over the phenomena in the Soviet Union.
Kremlin bigwigs would pass off any public reports of the phenomena as a “hoax perpetrated by the Western powers”.
A secret research programme called SETKA was established in 1977 after the Petrozavodsk incident in which 48 UFOs appeared in the atmosphere across the Soviet Union.
The incident came to a head in the industrial city of Petrozavodsk when a huge glowing object appeared overhead – seemingly beaming shafts of light towards the Earth.
GOOGLE
UNEXPLAINED: A photograph of the Petrozavodsk object which triggered panic in the Soviet Union
The aim of the programme was to work out what the UFOs were – with Soviet higher-ups acknowledging the craft could not be of Earth-bound origin.
Stonehill said much of the archives of the programme remain under lock and key, but he added it was passed down between the communist state’s top military minds and scientists.
Forms were also then handed to any soviet soldier, sailor or airmen who reported a UFO encounter for them to file fully detailed reports.
He said: “It was prolific enough to really make you wonder just how much the Soviets knew”.
GETTY
PIONEER: Soviets lead the space race for many years – possibly sparking alien attention
A bloody encounter between an alien craft and Soviet forces occurred in 1953 shortly after the death of Joseph Stalin.
The large UFO, initially thought by witnesses to be a “blimp of dirigible”, appeared above the Taiga in Siberia.
Soviet military chiefs dispatched a military special detachment to the area.
When they attempted to engage the craft with aircraft the three Soviet planes just “burned away”, says Mr Stonehill.
GETTY
MANKIND: Soviets managed to put the first man in space and carried out the first space walk
A secret order was issued to Soviet forces during the mid-1960s giving Russian commanders strict instructions to “not shoot at UFOs, leave them alone”.
Mr Stonehill said: “The aliens would fight back and destroy whatever unit would shoot at them.
“They would disintegrate planes, and in some cases the UFOs also acted first.”
He added: “No government wants to be powerless in the face of a threat, and it got to the case of the Soviets being very scared.”
GETTY
SPACE: Soviet dream of space dominance collapsed – retiring their space shuttle before launch
But despite these violent clashes, he says most Soviet encounters were characterised by alien craft simply “observing” activity.
He said: “It was as if they were under a microscope. There were reports of UFOs present at most, if not all, of the Soviet space launches.
“The craft seemed to know about the space ports and the secret facilities.”
However, he added the motivations of whoever is piloting the UFOs remains a mystery.
Mr Stonehill has spoken to former military intelligence personnel, government officials and Soviet scientists to reveal the depths of the Soviet UFO encounters.
He has had numerous books published on the subject such as Mysterious Sky: Soviet UFO Phenomenon, Soviet UFO Files and UFO Case Files of Russia.
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Is er leven mogelijk in Pluto's ondergrondse oceaan?
Is er leven mogelijk in Pluto's ondergrondse oceaan?
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Als in Pluto’s ondergrondse oceaan leven te vinden is, dan ziet het er waarschijnlijk heel anders uit dan wij gewend zijn.
Recent stelden onderzoekers – waaronder William McKinnon, verbonden aan Washington University – dat Pluto hoogstwaarschijnlijk een ondergrondse oceaan bezit. Het roept een interessante vraag op: is er in die oceaan wellicht leven mogelijk? McKinnon sluit het niet uit.
Giftig en koud Hij denkt dat onder het hartvormige gebied op Pluto – Sputnik Planitia – een oceaan te vinden is. Die oceaan beschrijft hij als “giftig, heel koud, zout en rijk aan ammoniak”. Het klinkt niet direct heel leefbaar. “Het is geen plaats voor bacteriën en al helemaal niet voor vissen of inktvissen of elke andere levensvorm zoals wij die kennen,” erkent McKinnon. “Het leven kan veel hebben: het kan veel zout, extreme kou, extreme warmte, enzovoort tolereren. Maar ik denk niet dat het de hoeveelheid ammoniak die Pluto nodig heeft om te voorkomen dat deze oceaan bevriest – ammoniak is een uitstekende antivries – kan tolereren (…) Maar net als de methaanzeëen op Titan – de grootste maan van Saturnus – roept het de vraag op of er in deze exotische, koude vloeistoffen wellicht een werkelijk nieuwe levensvorm kan bestaan.”
Primitief Maar hoe zou zo’n levensvorm er dan uitzien? Als er al leven mogelijk is in de oceaan, dan is het waarschijnlijk zeer primitief. “Misschien is het zelfs – net als wellicht de eerste levensvormen op aarde – pre-cellulair.”
Volgende generatie Lang niet alle onderzoekers zijn er overigens van overtuigd dat Pluto een ondergrondse oceaan bezit. Tot op heden is er alleen indirect bewijs gevonden voor het bestaan van de oceaan. Het bestaan van de oceaan kan maar op één manier bevestigd worden: opnieuw een sonde naar Pluto sturen en deze in een baan rond de dwergplaneet plaatsen. “Het is aan de volgende generatie om verder te gaan waar New Horizons is opgehouden,” stelt McKinnon. Als uit vervolgonderzoek blijkt dat Pluto daadwerkelijk een ondergrondse oceaan bezit, dan zijn er in de Kuipergordel waarschijnlijk nog veel meer van deze oceanen te vinden. In de Kuipergordel bevinden zich namelijk nog veel meer hemellichamen die qua omvang vergelijkbaar zijn met Pluto.
In juli 2015 scheerde ruimtesonde New Horizons langs Pluto. Voor het eerst konden we de dwergplaneet in detail bewonderen. Het leverde een schat aan informatie op en nog altijd zijn onderzoekers bezig om de door New Horizons verzamelde gegevens te analyseren. New Horizons haast zich ondertussen dieper de Kuipergordel in. Daar zal deze opnieuw onderzoek gaan doen naar een Kuipergordelobject dat – voor zover we nu weten – net zo rood is als Pluto.
Bronmateriaal:
"Could there be life in Pluto’s ocean?" - Washington University De afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel is gemaakt door NASA / Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory / Southwest Research Institute
An artist's conception of the Spiderweb Galaxy, which is actually a massive collection of growing galaxies in the early universe. Protogalaxies are shown in white and pink, while the blue indicates the location of the carbon monoxide gas surrounding them.
Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser
Like a spider devouring prey from its web, a mature young galaxy is devouring the recycled gas that surrounds it, rather than snacking on its neighbors.
"This is different from what we see in the nearby universe, where galaxies in clusters grow by cannibalizing other galaxies," lead study author Bjorn Emonts, a researcher at Spain's Center for Astrobiology, said in a statement from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). "In this cluster, a giant galaxy is growing by feeding on the soup of cold gas in which it is submerged."
Working with an international team of astronomers, Emonts made detailed observations of the Spiderweb Galaxy — which is actually a cluster of protogalaxies in the early universe — using the NRAO's Very Large Array in New Mexico and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization’s (CSIRO) Australia Telescope Compact Array. Rather than forming through collisions with other galaxies (the "cannibalizing" Emonts mentions), the researchers found that the massive galaxy at the heart of the cluster was slurping up cool gas between the infant galaxies. [The Universe Has 10 Times More Galaxies Than Scientists Thought]
"Cosmic Recycling"
The most massive galaxies in the universe form through a combination of rapid star formation and the cannibalization of other, smaller galaxies, but how much each process contributes in the building of super-galaxies has been an ongoing question.
"Extremely massive galaxies are seen in the young universe, but their presence is puzzling because we do not yet understand how they became so massive so quickly," said Nina Hatch, an astronomer at the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom. The research was published in the journal Science. Hatch, who was not involved in the study, authored an accompanying Perspectives article about the new research paper. "How do they get enough fuel to form stars so rapidly?"
In search of an answer, Emonts and his team turned to the Spiderweb Galaxy cluster, located 10 billion light-years from the sun. Because of the time it takes for light to travel across space, they are seeing the cluster as it was when the universe was less than 4 billion years of its 13.7-billion-year age. Like a giant spider web, the collection hosts a relatively mature galaxy at its center, surrounded by a web of diffuse ultraviolet light in which tens of smaller, fly-like galaxies are caught. Despite its young age, the central galaxy is one of the most massive galaxies in in the young universe, according to Hatch.
In hopes of finding the gas that fuels the growth of galaxies in the Spiderweb, the researchers studied the gas around it, which serves as the building blocks for stars and galaxies. They found a cloud of gas roughly 100 billion times the mass of the sun that engulfed the growing galaxies. Previous work revealed that billions of young stars had lit up the Spiderweb, leading the researchers to conclude that the super-galaxy is growing directly from the cloud.
"This is a huge system, with this molecular gas [cloud] spanning three times the size of our own giant Milky Way," said co-author Preshanth Jagannathan, of the NRAO, in a statement from Spain's Center for Astrobiology.
"It appears that this whole system eventually will collapse into a single, gigantic galaxy," Jagannathan said.
In addition to its size, the cloud of gas is surprisingly cold.
"It's shocking how cold this gas must be — about minus 200 degrees Celsius (minus 350 degrees Fahrenheit)," study co-author Matthew Lehnert, a professor at the Institute d’Astrophysique de Paris, said in the same statement. "We expect a fiery process — lots of galaxies falling in and heating gas up. Therefore, we expected that all the cold gas would be locked up deep within the galaxies."
Instead, the cold cloud surrounded the protogalaxies, feeding their evolution. Its composition is also surprising. Observations revealed a large quantity of carbon monoxide, material forged in the heart of stars and released in their explosive deaths. Only a third of that material is locked up inside the galaxies, while the rest lies between them. Rather than consuming pristine gas, the Spiderweb Galaxy is relying on recycled material to fuel its growth. Still, its exact source remains a mystery.
"The carbon monoxide that we detected is a byproduct of previous stars, a form of cosmic recycling, but we cannot say for sure where the gas came from or how it accumulated in the cluster core," Emonts said. "To find out, we'd have to look even deeper into the universe's history."
Swiss Finance Company Invests Big Shares in Mars One
Swiss Finance Company Invests Big Shares in Mars One
NASA
IN BRIEF
The shareholders of a Swiss financial services company have agreed to a takeover bid of the Mars One space organization. Hopefully, the move will forward the company's big plans to establish a permanent human settlement on Mars.
Getting to the Red Planet is an expensive business, and the leading contenders are scrambling to acquire sufficient cash to underwrite their dreams.
Mars One consists of two entities: the Dutch not-for-profit Mars One Foundation and a British public limited company Mars One Ventures
FUNDING THE MISSIONS
Many Mars missions are facing a very blunt controversy: how much is it going to cost to send people up there to study and possibly colonize the Red Planet?
A contender in the Mars space race is Mars One, a space tech organization that originates in the Netherlands. The company has two direct arms: the Dutch non-profit Mars One Foundation, and the British public company in charge of monetization, Mars One Ventures. Now, the Ventures profit arm has announced an agreement with Swiss InFin Innovative Finance AG to a shares takeover bid.
Conceptual illustration of the Mars One habitats.
“The acquisition is now only pending approval by the board of Mars One Ventures,” the companies said in a joint announcement.
The finance takeover solidifies Mars One’s efforts to establish a permanent human settlement on the Red Planet. On the Mars One website, they discussed their reliance on corporate investments and donations as a primary funding source. The space tech company did try to gain additional funding by pitching a television reality show about the missions to and life on Mars, but this was axed by their partner production company.
$PACE RACE
To get to the Red Planet is a big dream that needs to bring in big bucks. The different companies gearing up to get us there are funded in different ways.
NASA plans to bring astronauts to Mars itself by the 2030s. It’s funded by the US governmentusing federal revenue from income, corporate, and other taxes.
SpaceX receives most of its seed money from billionaire founder Elon Musk. It also gains much from its government subsidy, with an estimated $4.9 billion coming in for the space tech company and Musk’s electric car empire, Tesla. SpaceX has a more urgent timeline, and they plan to get millions of people up to the Martian “colonies” by 2024—just check out their new outline for a future “Mars-shot.”
Lockheed Martin, based in Maryland, is another privately-owned aerospace company with dreams of the Red Planet dancing through its head. Their Mars Base Camp, a collaboration with NASA, believes it can send astronauts to space by around 2028. It sources funds from its numerous corporate profits, together with investments.
While we’re not sure who can get us to Mars first, what’s certain is that it’s going to take a lot of money to do it.
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