Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
13-01-2017
Abandoned in space in 1967, a US satellite has started transmitting again
Abandoned in space in 1967, a US satellite has started transmitting again
An American satellite abandoned in 1967, now assumed to simply be space junk, has started transmitting again after 46 years.
This was one of the satellites designed and built by Lincoln Laboratory at MIT between 1965 and 1976, for testing techniques for satellite communication.
They made the series of satellites easy to recognize by naming them LES1 through to LES9. LES1-LES4 suffered different launch issues. LES1 and LES2 were supposed to be delivered to the same 2800 x 15000 km orbit, but a failure of a boost stage left LES1 in a 2800 km circular orbit.
LES-1
LES3-LES4 were supposed to land in geostationary orbit, but didn’t make it due to a launch problem which left them in transfer orbit. Even though the first four satellites in the series ended up in the wrong orbits, they all produced remarkable results. LES 5, 6, 8, and 9 all ended up where they were supposed to. LES7 never made it anywhere due to the funding drying up and the program being canceled.
In 2013 in North Cornwall, UK, an Amateur Radio Astronomer picked up a signal which he determined to be the LES1 that was built by MIT in 1965. The satellite never made it to its intended orbit and had been spinning out of control ever since.
Phil Williams, the amateur radio astronomer from near Bude, picked out the odd signal which was transmitting due to it tumbling end over end every four seconds as the solar panels became shadowed by the engine. “This gives the signal a particularly ghostly sound as the voltage from the solar panels fluctuates,” Williams said.
It’s more than likely the onboard batteries have disintegrated, and something else caused its 237Mhz transmission to resume when it was in sunlight.
The LES1 is about the size of a small automobile and should not cause any issues more than any other piece of space junk in orbit.
This proves electronics built around 50 years ago, 12 years before Voyager 1, and far before microprocessors and integrated circuits are still capable of working in the hostile environs of space. Phil refers to his hobby as “Radio-Archaeology”.
LES1 and LES2 were almost identical experimental communication satellites. They both had a single X-band transponder and an 8-horn electronically switched antenna. Altitude control and sensing experiments were conducted on these twin satellites.
Their first project initiative was to build, launch, and field a system to show off practical military satellite communications. Project West Ford’s availability for the advanced super-high-frequency (SHF) technology (at seven-to-eight gigahertz) contributed to the decision to design the system for that band.
The concurrent procurement of a series of satellites and terminals for the Department of Defense that commenced with the Initial Defense Communications Satellite Program (IDCSP) meant lessons were learned from the experiments would find an additional application.
On February 11, 1965, LES1 was launched from Cape Canaveral but only accomplished a few of its objectives. It seems miswiring of the satellite circuitry was what caused it to never leave the circular orbit and it stopped transmitting in 1967. LES2, the twin of LES1, did much better; it made its planned final orbit on May 6, 1965.
Astronomen wijzen vijf gestolen sterren aan in de Melkweg
Astronomen wijzen vijf gestolen sterren aan in de Melkweg
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Vijf van de elf meest afgelegen sterren in onze Melkweg blijken eigenlijk thuis te horen in een ander sterrenstelsel.
Dat schrijven onderzoekers in het blad The Astrophysical Journal. De vijf sterren – die zo’n 300.000 lichtjaar van de aarde verwijderd zijn – zouden oorspronkelijk aan het Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (kortweg Sgr dSph) hebben toebehoord.
Trekken Het Sgr dSph is één van de tientallen kleine sterrenstelsels die de Melkweg omringen. Het sterrenstelsel is onze Melkweg – in de lange geschiedenis van het universum – al meerdere malen gepasseerd. En elke keer wanneer dat gebeurde, trok de Melkweg aan het sterrenstelsel waardoor het steeds verder uit elkaar werd gerukt.
Een simulatie van de bewegingen van Sgr dSph over een periode van acht miljard jaar. Ook het hart van de Melkweg (GC) is aangeduid. De blauwe deeltjes staan voor donkere materie. De rode deeltjes voor sterren.
Afbeelding: Marion Dierickx / CfA.
Stromen Onderzoekers hebben nu – met behulp van computermodellen – de bewegingen van Sgr dSph in kaart gebracht. Zo gingen ze na hoe het sterrenstelsel zich de afgelopen acht miljard jaar ontwikkeld heeft. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat Sgr dSph aan het begin van de simulatie een massa had die ongeveer 10 miljard keer groter was dan de massa van de zon. Maar door de tijd heen verloor het sterrenstelsel ongeveer een derde van zijn sterren en maar liefst 90 procent van zijn donkere materie. Het resulteerde – volgens de simulaties – in drie goed van elkaar te onderscheiden stromen sterren die zich uitstrekken tot aan de rand van de Melkweg. En zeker vijf van de elf meest afgelegen sterren die ons in de Melkweg bekend zijn, blijken deel uit te maken van één van deze stromen. De simulaties tonen namelijk aan dat de vijf sterren posities en snelheden hebben die overeenkomen met de positie en snelheden die je van Sgr dSph gestolen sterren zou verwachten. De andere zes sterren lijken niet afkomstig te zijn van Sgr dSph en zijn waarschijnlijk van een ander dwergsterrenstelsel gestolen, zo vermoeden de onderzoekers.
In dit door de computer gemaakte plaatje zie je een rood ovaal. Het staat symbool voor de schijf van de Melkweg. De rode stip geeft de locatie van Sgr dSph aan. De gele cirkels staan voor sterren die van Sgr dSph weg zijn gerukt en door de ruimte zijn geslingerd. Vijf van de elf meest afgelegen sterren die ons in de Melkweg bekend zijn, zouden op deze manier van Sgr dSph zijn ontvreemd.
Afbeelding: Marion Dierickx / CfA.
Eén van de van Sgr dSph afkomstige stromen sterren is tijdens de Sloan Digital Sky Survey al in kaart gebracht. Maar de simulaties suggereren nu dat de stroom veel groter is dan dit onderzoek ons liet geloven. Met nieuwe, betere telescopen zouden we in staat moeten zijn ook de minst heldere sterren in de stroom te detecteren en zo de ware omvang ervan vast te stellen. “Meer uitlopers van Sgr dSph wachten om ontdekt te worden,” verwacht onderzoeker Marion Dierickx. “De stromen die tot op heden in kaart zijn gebracht, zijn beekjes in vergelijking met de gigantische rivieren die we naar verwachting uiteindelijk gaan waarnemen.”
Het centrale zwarte gat van de Melkweg braakt reuzenballen
Het centrale zwarte gat van de Melkweg braakt reuzenballen
Tim Kraaijvanger
Het supermassieve zwarte gat in het centrum van de Melkweg spuugt af en toe reusachtige ballen de ruimte in. Deze braakballen vliegen met een snelheid van 10.000 kilometer per seconde bij het zwarte gat vandaan.
Het centrale zwarte gat van de Melkweg trekt met zijn zwaartekracht veel sterren naar zich toe. Wanneer een ster te dichtbij komt, wordt deze uit elkaar getrokken en ontstaat er een lange sliert gas. Uit nieuw onderzoek blijkt dat het gas weer kan samenklonteren en dat hierdoor bizarre objecten ter grootte van een planeet ontstaan, die door het zwarte gat worden weggeworpen.
“Uit de lange gasstroom van één ster kunnen honderden gasballen ontstaan”, schrijft student Eden Girma van de Harvard-universiteit. “We vroegen ons af: waar blijven deze ballen? En kunnen ze wellicht in de buurt van de aarde komen? Dankzij een computerberekening weten we het nu.”
In de buurt van de aarde Uit de berekeningen van Girma blijkt dat sommige van deze braakballen minder dan een paar honderd lichtjaar van de aarde verwijderd zijn. Deze gasballen zijn zwaarder dan de planeet Neptunus en kunnen zelfs een paar keer zwaarder dan Jupiter zijn. De gasballen gloeien waarschijnlijk heel licht, al zijn ze niet te vinden met hedendaagse telescopen. Wellicht dat het de James Webb-ruimtetelescoop of de Larger Synoptic Survey-telescoop wel lukt om enkele braakballen te spotten.
Gasbollen zijn geen planeten Overigens zijn de objecten geen planeten. Een planeet heeft al snel miljoenen jaren nodig om te ontstaan, terwijl deze gasballen in een jaar tijd ontstaan. Ze worden gevormd uit verschillende delen van de vroegere ster, waardoor ook de samenstelling van deze bollen varieert.
Hoe snel verdwijnen ze? De overgrote meerderheid van de gasballen – zo’n 95 procent – zien we nooit meer terug. Op hoge snelheid verlaten ze de Melkweg. We hebben hier even zitten rekenen. Licht legt zo’n 300.000 kilometer per seconde af. Dit betekent dat de braakballen dertig keer langzamer reizen dan licht. De Melkweg heeft een lengte van 100.000 lichtjaar, wat betekent dat een braakbal binnen 1,5 miljoen jaar (= 50.000 lichtjaar * 30) ons sterrenstelsel verlaat. Stel dat zo’n bal richting het Andromedastelsel gaat, dat 2,5 miljoen lichtjaar van ons verwijderd is, dan duurt deze reis zo’n 75 miljoen jaar. Kosmisch gezien is dat een korte tijd. Zo is onze planeet al 4,5 miljard jaar oud.
Eén op de duizend solitaire planeten is een braakbal Stel, we vinden ooit een solitaire planeet (oftewel een planeet zonder moederster), dan is de kans volgens Girma een op de duizend dat het een kosmische braakbal van ons centrale zwarte gat is.
NASA fotografeert de enige echte Death Star: maantje Mimas!
NASA fotografeert de enige echte Death Star: maantje Mimas!
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Ruimtesonde Cassini heeft een prachtige foto gemaakt van de maan die akelig veel lijkt op de Death Star uit Star Wars.
De bijnaam ‘Death Star’ heeft Mimas natuurlijk te danken aan de enorme krater die het maantje rijk is. De krater is ongeveer 139 kilometer breed en pronkt op een maantje dat slechts 396 kilometer breed is.
Mimas. Afbeelding: NASA / JPL-Caltech / Space Science Institute.
De krater – die vernoemd is naar zijn ontdekker: William Herschel – draagt de naam Herschel-krater. In het hart van de krater bevindt zich een berg. Deze is bijna net zo hoog als de Mount Everest. Op de foto van Cassini komt die berg – net als de omringende kraterwanden – prachtig uit de verf, omdat ze een schaduw werpen op hun omgeving. Cassini maakte de foto vorig jaar en was toen zo’n 185.000 kilometer van de maan verwijderd.
Ruimtesonde Cassini bestudeert Saturnus en zijn manen al een tijdje. Daar komt later dit jaar echter – helaas – verandering in. Dan komt de Cassini-missie met een geplande duik in de atmosfeer van de gasreus tot een einde. Maar zover is het nog niet: de komende maanden mogen we nog spectaculaire beelden van de ruimtesonde verwachten. Zo bestudeert deze momenteel de buitenste randen van Saturnus’ grote ringen (het leverde eerder al dit prachtige kiekje van maan Pandora op) en zal deze later dit jaar in de ruimte tussen Saturnus en zijn ringen gaan duiken.
Are Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) piloted by aliens from outer space preparing to invade Devon? UFOs certainly seem to have been taking a great interest in this county in recent months.
On 12 September 2016 a man saw two triangular objects fly at a fast rate over his back garden in Exmouth at 10.30pm. They were bouncing around the sky and were being followed by a helicopter. Other witnesses in the area also saw the same three craft in the sky, including a serving soldier who said he has never seen anything like these objects moving in the sky like this before.
The sightings led to speculation that if these were not the infamous triangular spaceships seen by many witnesses throughout the world then it was due to military testing in the area.
A resident of Rolle Street, Exmouth claimed he saw the same thing. He thought it was a police helicopter that flew so low over his home that it caused his front door to rattle. Immediately, before the arrival of the helicopter a bright blue light swept over his garden and it was his view someone was playing around with a drone with a laser strapped to it. Another person claimed the lights were caused by an Edinburgh to Southampton aircraft that coincidentally flew over at the same time as the helicopter.
In the same week Tanya Davis and her daughter, Charlee, filmed a bright light outside their home in Exeter Road, Exmouth. Charlee said:
“Me, my friend and my mum went rushing outside and the light stood still for two minutes. We thought it was a plane until we saw that it wasn’t moving. It was making no noise, and as it eventually got closer I saw five lights spinning and it was a diamond shape.
“We were thinking that it was a drone at one point, but really could not explain it. I ran off screaming!”
It is noteworthy this activity occurred near the Phear Park area of Exmouth where in 2010 retired engineer Roy Shaw was walking his dog had a close encounter with a translucent object that made a droning sound. He said:
“The object was round in shape and about 30 feet in diameter with blue and red flashing lights on its perimeter, and it appeared to land at the top end of the park by the bowling green.
“My dog started to growl when what I can only describe as a white shape came towards us.
“It was about four-feet high and seemed to be translucent, and moved very slowly towards us.”
Tyron Osbourne, 52, from Exmouth, Devon, spotted a mystery object above the Devon town, from his garden (SWNS).
Not surprisingly, he ran away from the scene and that night his dog kept whimpering as it looked out the window facing the park, and Roy had trouble sleeping.
In those instances no one took a picture of the UFOs but in the past year a few people have managed to capture images of them. John Mooner who describes himself as the chief photographer for the World UFO Photos website, who lives in Newton Abbot has been particularly prolific. In September he claimed that he had taken photographs of eight UFOs in the past three months leading him to think Newton Abbot is a hotspot for alien activity.
These pictures were mainly of distant objects, but one of the most spectacular was spotted on 18 July 2016. This was of a cigar shaped object that emitted white smoke as it travelled slowly across the sky. John said:
“An alien being with black eyes then proceeded to stick his head out from the back of the cigar shaped UFO and looked in my direction.
“The alien then stuck it’s long tongue out at me and then smiled. What the hell. They have tongues? I managed to capture the alien in the photograph.”
SWNS
In October 2016, John said he was walking in a local park when he came face to face with a grey alien who was blocking his way. He had the presence of mind to quickly take a picture before the batteries fell out of the camera. The staring black eyes of the alien scared him so much he ran “like hell through the woods”. He ran for what seemed like miles before coughing up blood.
At the very end of December 2016 a UFO flew at high speed towards three witnesses in Churchill Road, Exmouth. Mark Emmins said:
“It was lit up like a white light at first, then changed colour to a dark shade before it vanished. But it was stationary for a few hours before it moved.”
His neighbour Tyron Osbourne who managed to take pictures of the object said:
“It was in Upper atmosphere well above civil aviation but still in our atmosphere when it started moving even with a tripod I struggled to keep up, so as a cameraman I pre-empted where it was going to be so as not to move the camera.”
Mark like many other witnesses in Devon of strange phenomena in the sky, concluded:
“I have no idea what it was, we have been baffled.”
Whether you are a believer or a sceptic it is fascinating to wonder what is really going on and if we should get ready to welcome extraterrestrial visitors to the splendours of Devon.
Nigel Watson is the author of numerous UFO books including the UFO Investigations Manual (Haynes) and UFOs of the First World War (The History Press).
Are Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) piloted by aliens from outer space preparing to invade Devon? UFOs certainly seem to have been taking a great interest in this county in recent months.
On 12 September 2016 a man saw two triangular objects fly at a fast rate over his back garden in Exmouth at 10.30pm. They were bouncing around the sky and were being followed by a helicopter. Other witnesses in the area also saw the same three craft in the sky, including a serving soldier who said he has never seen anything like these objects moving in the sky like this before.
The sightings led to speculation that if these were not the infamous triangular spaceships seen by many witnesses throughout the world then it was due to military testing in the area.
A resident of Rolle Street, Exmouth claimed he saw the same thing. He thought it was a police helicopter that flew so low over his home that it caused his front door to rattle. Immediately, before the arrival of the helicopter a bright blue light swept over his garden and it was his view someone was playing around with a drone with a laser strapped to it. Another person claimed the lights were caused by an Edinburgh to Southampton aircraft that coincidentally flew over at the same time as the helicopter.
In the same week Tanya Davis and her daughter, Charlee, filmed a bright light outside their home in Exeter Road, Exmouth. Charlee said:
“Me, my friend and my mum went rushing outside and the light stood still for two minutes. We thought it was a plane until we saw that it wasn’t moving. It was making no noise, and as it eventually got closer I saw five lights spinning and it was a diamond shape.
“We were thinking that it was a drone at one point, but really could not explain it. I ran off screaming!”
It is noteworthy this activity occurred near the Phear Park area of Exmouth where in 2010 retired engineer Roy Shaw was walking his dog had a close encounter with a translucent object that made a droning sound. He said:
“The object was round in shape and about 30 feet in diameter with blue and red flashing lights on its perimeter, and it appeared to land at the top end of the park by the bowling green.
“My dog started to growl when what I can only describe as a white shape came towards us.
“It was about four-feet high and seemed to be translucent, and moved very slowly towards us.”
Tyron Osbourne, 52, from Exmouth, Devon, spotted a mystery object above the Devon town, from his garden (SWNS).
Not surprisingly, he ran away from the scene and that night his dog kept whimpering as it looked out the window facing the park, and Roy had trouble sleeping.
In those instances no one took a picture of the UFOs but in the past year a few people have managed to capture images of them. John Mooner who describes himself as the chief photographer for the World UFO Photos website, who lives in Newton Abbot has been particularly prolific. In September he claimed that he had taken photographs of eight UFOs in the past three months leading him to think Newton Abbot is a hotspot for alien activity.
These pictures were mainly of distant objects, but one of the most spectacular was spotted on 18 July 2016. This was of a cigar shaped object that emitted white smoke as it travelled slowly across the sky. John said:
“An alien being with black eyes then proceeded to stick his head out from the back of the cigar shaped UFO and looked in my direction.
“The alien then stuck it’s long tongue out at me and then smiled. What the hell. They have tongues? I managed to capture the alien in the photograph.”
SWNS
In October 2016, John said he was walking in a local park when he came face to face with a grey alien who was blocking his way. He had the presence of mind to quickly take a picture before the batteries fell out of the camera. The staring black eyes of the alien scared him so much he ran “like hell through the woods”. He ran for what seemed like miles before coughing up blood.
At the very end of December 2016 a UFO flew at high speed towards three witnesses in Churchill Road, Exmouth. Mark Emmins said:
“It was lit up like a white light at first, then changed colour to a dark shade before it vanished. But it was stationary for a few hours before it moved.”
His neighbour Tyron Osbourne who managed to take pictures of the object said:
“It was in Upper atmosphere well above civil aviation but still in our atmosphere when it started moving even with a tripod I struggled to keep up, so as a cameraman I pre-empted where it was going to be so as not to move the camera.”
Mark like many other witnesses in Devon of strange phenomena in the sky, concluded:
“I have no idea what it was, we have been baffled.”
Whether you are a believer or a sceptic it is fascinating to wonder what is really going on and if we should get ready to welcome extraterrestrial visitors to the splendours of Devon.
Nigel Watson is the author of numerous UFO books including the UFO Investigations Manual (Haynes) and UFOs of the First World War (The History Press).
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De elementen van leven zijn verspreid te vinden in de Melkweg
De elementen van leven zijn verspreid te vinden in de Melkweg
Tim Kraaijvanger
Wij bestaan uit ‘sterrenstof’, dus het is niet gek dat de elementen van leven te vinden zijn in andere sterren. Wetenschappers hebben een kaart gemaakt van de verdeling van de elementen van leven in ons melkwegstelsel.
“Voor het eerst kunnen we nu zien hoe deze elementen verdeeld zijn”, vertelt astronoom Sten Hasselquist van de staatsuniversiteit van New Mexico. “Het gaat hier om de atomen die 97% van de massa van het menselijk lichaam vormen.” De zes meest voorkomende elementen van leven op aarde zijn koolstof, waterstof, stikstof, zuurstof, zwavel en fosfor. Ons lichaam is voor meer dan 97% uit deze elementen opgebouwd. Ieder element heeft een belangrijke rol. Zo is zuurstof belangrijk voor onze longen, terwijl fosfor onmisbaar is voor onze botten.
Deze mooie illustratie laat goed zien welke elementen op welke plekken in ons lichaam cruciaal zijn. Overigens vertekent de afbeelding wel, want de zes elementen kom je overal in jouw lichaam tegen.
Meer dan 150.000 sterren Van meer dan 150.000 sterren uit de database van de Sloan Digital Sky Survey is de verdeling van deze zes belangrijke elementen, plus een aantal andere elementen in kaart gebracht. Dankzij een techniek die spectoscropie heet kunnen astronomen het sterrenlicht opsplitsen en het spectrum bestuderen. Op die manier is te achterhalen welke elementen een ster heeft en om welke hoeveelheden het gaat.
Oudere ster = meer zware elementen De sterren in het binnenste deel van ons melkwegstelsel huisvesten meer zware elementen dan de sterren die verder van het centrum zijn verwijderd. Dit is te verklaren. De sterren in het binnenste deel zijn ouder. Wanneer een ster geboren wordt en start met stralen, dan bestaat deze doorgaans uit lichte elementen. Door middel van kernfusie worden lichte elementen omgezet in zwaardere elementen. Oudere sterren hebben dus simpelweg meer tijd gehad om lichte elementen om te zetten in zwaardere elementen en bevatten dus gemiddeld meer zwaardere elementen dan jonge sterren.
Oké, en buitenaards leven dan? Hoewel mensen voor 65% uit zuurstof bestaan, is zuurstof verantwoordelijk voor minder dan één procent van het totale gewicht van alle elementen in de ruimte. Betekent dit dat wanneer een ster te weinig zuurstof heeft, dat er dan geen leven mogelijk is? Nee, eigenlijk kunnen wetenschappers hier niets over zeggen. Leven kan er op andere plekken in het heelal heel anders uitzien. Koolstof, waterstof, stikstof, zuurstof, zwavel en fosfor zijn voor aards leven enorm belangrijk, maar op een verre exoplaneet zijn de kaarten mogelijk anders geschud.
Toevallig schreef Scientias.nl-auteur Bas Cartigny hier onlangs een mooi artikel over: hoe zien buitenaardse wezens eruit? Als er buitenaards leven is, dan zijn het niet per definitie groene mannetjes met zwarte oogjes.
De inmiddels wereldberoemde ster KIC 8462852 blijft de gemoederen bezighouden. Astronomen hebben een mogelijke verklaring voor het vreemde gedrag van deze ster gevonden: de ster at een planeet op.
Ken je het verhaal van KIC 8462852 – met de bijnaam Tabby’s ster – nog niet? In oktober 2015 richtte de Kepler-telescoop zijn ogen op de ster in de hoop een dipje in de lichtcurve van de ster te spotten. En jawel, de lichtcurve van Tabby’s ster vertoont ‘dipjes’, maar die zijn onregelmatig. Zo zagen onderzoekers de helderheid tussen dag 788 en 795 met vijftien procent afnemen. En tussen dag 1510 en 1570 nam de helderheid zelfs met 22 procent af. Dat laatste is abnormaal: wanneer een exoplaneet voor een ster langs beweegt, houdt deze maar een fractie van het licht van de ster tegen.
Buitenaards leven? Het afgelopen jaar zijn er allerlei verklaringen geopperd. De meest bijzondere verklaring is dat buitenaardse wezens een megastructuur om de ster hebben gebouwd. Mogelijk een zogenoemde Dyson-bol: een bol die bestaat uit een systeem van satellieten die de energie van een ster opvangen. Zo’n bol houdt een deel van het licht van de ster tegen en zou de vreemde dipjes in de lichtcurve kunnen verklaren. Toch zijn de meeste wetenschappers het er over eens dat dit zeer onwaarschijnlijk is. Er moet een andere plausibele verklaring zijn.
Sterren lusten wel een planeetje. Zo zal onze zon over een paar miljard jaar Mercurius, Venus en mogelijk ook de aarde absorberen. Wees dus blij dat er wordt geïnvesteerd in ruimtevaart, want ooit is dat onze redding.
Planeet op het menu Wetenschappers van de Columbia Universiteit in New York hebben nu een mogelijke verklaring gevonden. Volgens Brian Metzger en zijn collega’s heeft KIC 8462852 een exoplaneet verorberd. Dit verklaart tevens waarom Tabby’s ster in de periode van 1890 tot 1989 veertien procent in helderheid is afgenomen.
Even dimmen Als Tabby’s ster een planeet heeft opgegeten, dan zou de ster eerst helder worden en daarna langzaam dimmen. Des te groter de planeet, des te langer de afname in helderheid duurt. Afhankelijk van de grootte van de planeet heeft deze gebeurtenis 200 tot 10.000 jaar geleden plaatsgevonden.
Stofwolk Tijdens het vernietigingsproces is de planeet mogelijk uit elkaar gescheurd en zijn eventuele manen weggeslingerd. Hierdoor is er waarschijnlijk een stofwolk rondom de ster ontstaan. Iedere keer als brokstukken tussen de aarde en Tabby’s ster zweven, wordt een deel van het licht van deze ster geblokkeerd. Dit zou de dipjes in de lichtcurve verklaren.
Tabby, we houden je in de gaten Is deze hypothese te testen? Misschien wel. De astronomen hopen in de toekomst opnieuw een dipje in de lichtcurve te spotten en te achterhalen of het planetaire brokstukken zijn. “Zo’n dipje duurt slechts enkele dagen, dus als we er één zien, moeten we snel zijn en iedere telescoop op Tabby’s ster richten”, zegt Metzger.
The first detailed event to be reported on the Island was at the former Cowes Airport on July 27, 1950.
Ex-RAF pilot Capt Jessop spotted a Gloster Meteor jet sweeping south at 8,000ft, followed by a brilliant white oval-shaped light above it at 20,000ft, scorching across the sky, as he taxied his own aircraft on the runway.
"It was unlike anything I’ve ever seen before. It’s speed was fantastic — doing at least 2,000mph," he said.
Ryde. July, 1961
Clare Taylor, of Ryde, with her mother, reported a UFO sighting in July 1961. Miss Taylor, who was interviewed on local television, described the UFO as a 'disc craft’, which they saw hovering low over trees as they looked out towards The Solent just after midnight.
It began with a row of lights above the horizon, rapidly getting nearer, which Miss Taylor and her mother initially believed was the Saunders-Roe N1 hovercraft on trials.
The UFO was uncommonly silent and it eventually hung almost at eye level over trees.
Miss Taylor said she could see its dome-like structure, lit up by a row of five porthole lights, which, from its underside, emanated a red, furnace-like glow, which lit up the tops of the trees, before it flew off at 'vertiginous’ speed.
"One moment it was there and the next instant it was going away in the direction from which it came, like a shooting star," she said.
She said all that remained in its wake was an expanding, luminous ring of smoke, leaves and debris that rose and hung above the trees for several minutes.
Niton. Autumn, 1964
On one autumn morning in 1964, a Niton farmer reported a large, mysterious 5ft hole in his field — its sides clean and sharp, which bent sharply and dropped a further 10ft, without evidence of any vehicle being around it, said investigators.
It was as though the mass of dirt and stones had been sucked cleanly from the ground by a device suspended above the hole.
Investigators came to the conclusion a UFO may have been dropped low enough to collect a sample of earth.
Whippingham. July 1967
Experts in the paranormal descended on Whippingham in July 1967, after two boys saw a 37ft-wide UFO flying low, which had then hovered near their school.
During a six-week investigation, civil aviation officials said they were 'at a loss’ as to what caused a 12ft swathe of flattened barley, where the boys said the object had been, together with other puzzling crop formations from the scene down to the River Medina, almost a mile away.
Adgestone. 1975
Farmer Tom Reynolds was stunned to see a brightly lit and silent object, 100ft long and 30ft wide, appear very low over his buildings at Adgestone Farm one evening in 1975. He claimed it travelled towards Brading, at a height no more than 150ft, before it dipped down and disappeared from view.
Ryde. Spring 1976
In Ryde, at another former airfield, there was another unusual but detailed night sighting in the spring of 1976.
It was just after 10.30pm when former Royal Navy serviceman David Spicer and his wife noticed a strange, bright light, silent and triangular in shape, hanging 2,000ft above the airport tower.
As they puzzled over what it could have been, it made a sudden movement and rocketed into a vertical climb.
At the top of the climb, the UFO — a black mass with red lights around its perimeter — hovered momentarily before it banked and flashed back towards the startled couple, who claimed it bore no similarity to conventional aircraft but flew in a controlled manner.
Godshill. September 1976
In September 1976, Pan estate residents saw and heard the hum of a formation of grey, oval discs in broad daylight.
Nurse Shirley Rimmer, an eyewitness who saw the objects suddenly accelerate away over houses, said: "The sound was incredible — like deep thunder. It was terrifying. The whole area trembled as though an earthquake had hit us. The sound was like the chiming of church bells."
Fellow witness, Tim Woodward, said: "The roar as they passed overhead shook my house so violently I dashed outside to see what was happening.
"From the garden, I saw five discs streaking towards Godshill at lightning speed. They stopped and held station over Godshill for a few moments before shooting off out to sea."
Shanklin. December 23, 1993
There was an independent probe into UFO sightings after reports of UFO's in the Shanklin area. Mainland investigators of the paranormal called for Island witnesses. Among them was Christopher Harrington of the Havant-based Southern Paranormal investigations, who said there had been a number of reports of sightings over the Island from people living on Hayling Island.
Across the Island. October 13, 1996
On October 13, 1996, three Island residents came forward to record their sightings of what was seemingly the same UFO.
At 5.30am, a woman reported seeing a large, glowing orange light from her Shanklin home, heading towards The Solent.
An hour later, Richard Cattle, who was in Hunnyhill, Newport, saw a large, silent, pulsating ball of white light.
Interviewed at the time, he said: "It appeared on the horizon north of me. At first, I thought it was a planet still visible in the morning light, but soon dismissed the idea when it drew nearer. It passed over the Island from north west to south east at high altitude.
"I discovered two other people I had never met before, one from Ryde and the other, Shanklin, saw the same object that morning."
Mr Cattle, of Niton, has been documenting UFO phenomena over the Island ever since, weeding out the genuine witnesses.
"Over the years, I’ve looked at the UFO enigma on the Island. For some reason, certain areas are more prone to strange objects in the sky than others, particularly the kite-shaped UFO and white triangle that makes a ghostly appearance in our skies now and again," he said.
Across the Island. January 28, 2008
The last 'big’ sighting over the Isle of Wight came in January 2008, in which a number of Islanders spotted strange lights in the night sky from a silent, low-flying, brightly lit craft.The County Press first ran a story after former RAF technician, Frank Webb, reported his sighting over Newport, when walking along Terrace Road with his wife.
"I saw these very bright lights coming towards us, from east to west. They were unusually bright. It had no engine or landing lights and it wasn’t losing height, so it had got its power from somewhere."
Others came forward and the County Press was inundated with calls.
Among them was Barry Holland, who was cleaning at Calbourne Classics, near Shalfleet.
He said: "I’m not saying it was little green men from Mars but it was an object in the sky I couldn’t identify."
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“NASA vindt lichamen van aliens en vliegende schotel op Mars”
“NASA vindt lichamen van aliens en vliegende schotel op Mars”
Een opzienbarend bericht in een Russische krant: NASA-wetenschappers zouden tijdens het bestuderen van foto’s vreemde objecten hebben aangetroffen op Mars die lijken op een vliegende schotel en lichamen van aliens.
Toen de wetenschappers inzoomden zagen ze duidelijk twee hoofden en een borstkas, aldus de krant Pravda.
Het zou onmogelijk zijn om scherpere foto’s te maken, aangezien de Marsrover de locatie waar de vreemde objecten zijn gevonden alweer heeft verlaten.
Primitieve wezens
Wetenschappers van de Russische Academie van Wetenschappen geloven daarnaast dat de kans groot is dat er nog primitieve levensvormen zijn op Mars, met name rond de polen.
“We gaan er mogelijk oases vinden waar nog steeds primitieve wezens leven, die zich daar miljarden jaren geleden hebben ontwikkeld,” zei Igor Mitrofanov van het astronomische instituut RAS.
De aanwezigheid van waterijs in de Marsbodem wijst op de mogelijkheid van leven, aldus de wetenschapper.
Methaan
Daarnaast zou methaan in de atmosfeer van de rode planeet een biologische oorsprong kunnen hebben.
Verwacht wordt dat er resten kunnen worden gevonden van organismen die Mars meer dan 3,5 miljard jaar geleden bewoonden, toen de planeet een dichtere atmosfeer had, zo schrijft de krant.
Sante Fe witness recalls disc UFO near ground level
Sante Fe witness recalls disc UFO near ground level
A New Mexico witness at Santa Fe recalled a UFO encounter from the late sixties when a disc-shaped object hovered under six feet off the ground near his family’s mobile home park, according to testimony in Case 81404 from the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) witness reporting database.
The witness was 11 years old when he saw the hovering disc. Pictured: Santa Fe, NM.
(Credit: Google)
The witness believes it was late 1966 or early 1967 when the incident occurred.
“The weather was cold, but no snow,” the witness stated.“I lived with my Mom and Dad. Dad was overseas. I lived outside the city limits of Santa Fe in a mobile home park with my mom.”
The witnesses’ Mom decided to go to the drive-in theater which was about half a mile west of the trailer park on the road to Albuquerque.
“We saw the movie and left to go home, late at night, yet a lot of traffic was going both ways. Mom got into the left turning lane to enter the park and had to wait for a lane to be clear. I was sitting directly behind her and was looking at the tree line alongside the mobile home park where the six-foot cyclone fence was. Then I spotted it.”
With all of the traffic surrounding him, the witness rolled his window down to get a good look at the object.
The object was between 18 and 24 feet long. Pictured: Santa Fe, NM.
(Credit: Google)
“Just about 100 feet away I saw a hovering saucer in the shadow of the pine trees that were along the fence line on the west side of property. The reflection of the object could be seen from the road. It was a bright moon so through the trees light was hitting the craft. The pine trees were casting a shadow and it was in it hovering above the ground, but I could still see it because the moon lit up the field behind it.”
The witness was able to see a dark looking hovering craft.
“It had an arm of some sort pointing and extending to the back of the trailer, but not touching it. There was no sound coming from it at all. It was 18 to 24-feet-wide. It hovered four to six feet off the ground and I saw blasts of blue-red-orange-yellow short flames coming from ports around the mid-section of it.”
The witness described the ports.
“These ports were evenly spaced around the furthest section, a little lower of its mid-section. Round and about six to eight inches in size. The flames came out from left to right and seemed to go around the craft because there were bright flashes of light continuing as long as I could see it on the ground on the other side. It wasn’t light. It was flames. Because the next time I saw the same ports facing me, the fire was a little different each time. I saw it was a hole where the flames came out of each time.”
The entire event lasted about five minutes.
“I played in this area all the time. It was an empty field with 3-foot-tall dry grass. Directly under the craft the grass was moving violently back and forth, but outside the craft the tall grass wasn’t moving at all. I could make out small lines that went around one side and met up with the other. This was a saucer-like object, thicker on the bottom and with some sort of dome on the top.”
The witness was very disturbed by what he was seeing.
The witness described ports around the object that were round. Pictured: Santa Fe, NM.
(Credit: Google)
“It may have been great to finally see one, but I was only 11 years old. My mom didn’t know what it was, but she saw it. Saw the lights, saw the grass moving and it hovering above the ground. We spoke about it a couple of times, but she ended the conversation as soon as I started it. My father finally returned from overseas and I couldn’t talk about it again until the day he opened the newspaper to the “Living” section of The New Mexican newspaper and there was a picture of a UFO going over a farmer’s barn in the Santa Fe area that a farmer took and turned over to the paper. It was the same UFO that I saw, exactly, but taken during daylight hours.”
The witness told his father that this is what he saw and the photo was proof.
“I clipped it out of the paper and saved it in my mother’s scrap book, but it too has disappeared as well the paper. I never ever forgot and now that I’m 62 years old, I thought it time to tell my story of what we saw. My family has died and all I have is this memory of what was seen that night. I have a drawing, but it’s difficult to figure out how to send it even though I have a B.A. degree in social science. Get back with me if there’s more you can find out what I saw. I appreciate it.”
New Mexico MUFON Assistant State Director John Fegel investigated and closed this case as an Unknown. Please remember that most UFO sightings can be explained as something natural or man-made. The above quotes were edited for clarity. Please report UFO activity to MUFON.com.
UFO Over Hills Of Peru Causes Awestruck Crowd On Facebook, Jan 11, 2016, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Over Hills Of Peru Causes Awestruck Crowd On Facebook, Jan 11, 2016, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: January 11, 2017 Location of sighting: Ocuviri District, Peru News Source:Inexplicata This is a fantastic video of a cloud orb moving about. Cloud orbs are usually soft looking like a cloud, but can move at great speeds. Often seen darting from cloud to cloud, this particular type of UFO is thought to be an alien drone or an undiscovered biological life form. Scott C. Waring Inexplicata states: Perú: Strange Object Recorded Over the Ocuviri District - a UFO? The images caused some fear among local residents. A camera employed by a resident of the Ocuviri District, Province of Lampa, Puno (Perú) raised doubts yet again as to whether we are alone in the universe. The object was taken on the morning of January 1, 2017 at approximately 7:00 a.m.. The image shows an unidentified flying object (UFO) in the Puna skies. The images caused some fear among local residents, who at first thought they were looking at an airplane, but dismissed the hypothesis after seeing it was motionless. It should be noted that the object appeared a few days after the earthquake that occurred in the district. Some locals noted that these sightings are in some way related to the tremor. Video is on Facebook, click here to watch the video on Facebook.
The green area of the UFO is the outer edges of the craft, the dark center is not a hole, but a window area or solid area that can be turned clear for observations. The photo below shows the clear area on top of the UFO in the Rocca Pia, Italy case that lasted for decades. This new video makes me think the aliens below the castle atRocca Pia are becoming interactive with humans again. This is good news. Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
Eyewitness states on Facebook:
UFO sighting of 9/1/2017 at about 19.38 hours. I don't know what was and what it is to call it but it is very strange. I was always in the company of my girl Angelica Scupola. Here's the video you do your considerations and especially tell me what I saw.
5 mind-boggling Moon mysteries that science cannot explain
5 mind-boggling Moon mysteries that science cannot explain
With a diameter of about 3,476 kilometers the Moon is a quarter the size of Earth, all other moons in our solar system orbit their planets around the equator, our moon does not, and there are lunar rocks that have been found to contain PROCESSED METALS such as Brass, Uranium 236 and Neptunium 237.
Simply put, Earth’s moon is one of the most mysterious objects in our solar system. It is considered a ‘weird’ celestial body due to its numerous physical qualities which scientists are unable to explain, and due to the fact that it is the most unique object in the solar system, incomparable to any other moon found to date.
In fact, the moon is so unique that Dr. Robert Jastrow, the first president of NASA’s Commission of Lunar Exploration called the moon “the Rosetta Stone of the planets.”
To get an idea just how weird the moon is, we only have to take a look at a quote by Robin Brett, a scientist from NASA who stated, “It seems easier to explain the non-existence of the Moon than its existence.”
But what makes the moon so weird?
It’s big. In fact, it is huge. With a diameter of about 3,476 kilometers the Moon is a quarter the size of Earth. Except for Pluto and Charon, this is the largest known proportion between a moon and its parent body among the numerous objects of our system.
It has a weird orbit that’s so unique scientists have not been able to find it anywhere else in the solar system. It turns that all other moons in our solar system orbit their planets around the equator. Our moon does not, and orbits Earth at an inclination of five degrees. The moon has a precise altitude, course, and speed, allowing it to “function” properly in regards of planet Earth. Simply put the Moon should not be where it is currently.
The Moon is almost an Earth. The composition of our natural satellite is similar to that of Earth, unlike most other moons. Who are clearly different from their parent planets.
If the above details did not catch your attention, there’s more.
There are some lunar rocks that have been found to contain PROCESSED METALS such as Brass, Uranium 236 and Neptunium 237. These elements have NEVER been found to occur naturally. Uranium 236 is a radioactive nuclear waste which is found in spent nuclear and reprocessed Uranium. More interestingly, Neptunium 237 is a radioactive metallic element and a by-product of nuclear reactors and the production of Plutonium.
These mysterious lunar characteristics have led Mikhail Vasin and Alexander Shcerbakov from the Soviet Academy of Science to write an article in the 1970’s about the moon called “Is the Moon the Creation of Alien Intelligence?”
Furthermore, Dr. Harold Urey, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry said he was “terribly puzzled by the rocks astronauts found on the moon and their Titanium content. The samples were unimaginable and mind-blowing since researchers could not account for the presence of Titanium.
In other words, our Moon does not share any characteristics with other moons found in our Solar System. If that isn’t strange enough, consider that from any point on the surface of our planet only one side of the Moon is visible.
Phoenix Lights 20 years later: UFO witnesses take the stage at UFO conference in February
Phoenix Lights 20 years later: UFO witnesses take the stage at UFO conference in February
It has been 20 years since the UFO sighting that has had Arizona buzzing ever since the incident took place in March of 1997. Over 1000 witnesses reportedly came forward, including former Arizona Governor Fife Symington. Several of the witnesses who experienced the most spectacular sightings will be sharing what they saw on-stage at the International UFO Congress in Fountain Hills on February 18, 2017.
The ‘Phoenix Lights’ sightings were reported by thousands of people, both as a triangular formation and stationary lights. Phoenix City Councilwoman Frances Barwood says she personally spoke with over 700 Phoenix-area residents who claimed to have seen a large object float silently over the city. Symington, Arizona’s governor at the time, made light of the sightings in 1997, however, he now claims to have seen the UFO himself and says he does not think it was from this planet.
According to Fox News, Symington said, “I’m a pilot and I know just about every machine that flies. It was bigger than anything that I’ve ever seen. It remains a great mystery. Other people saw it, responsible people. I don’t know why people would ridicule it”
Fife Symington discussing his UFO sighting on CNN.
(Credit: CNN)
Symington first admitted to seeing the object during an interview with filmmaker James Fox. Fox had provided Symington with testimony from several witnesses who were disappointed with the way Symington dealt with the incident in 1997. Symington then admitted to Fox he had also seen the object, and he agreed it was unworldly. Symington then went on to discuss his sighting with CNN and other news outlets.
Fox will be presenting at the International UFO Congress, and will share footage of his interview with Symington, he says, he has not shared publicly before. Fox has also arranged to have several of the witnessed he spoke with, all of whom had a spectacular view of the strange object that cruised over Phoenix that fateful night, join him on-stage during his presentation to share their experiences with the audience.
UFO researchers, local Arizona UFO investigators and local UFO filmmaker Dr. Lynne Kitei will also be discussing their findings regarding the Phoenix Lights UFO event, and putting the sighting in perspective in relation to alleged UFO sightings throughout history.
Scientists, former military officers, authors and UFO researchers will also be discussing UFO sightings and related topics at the International UFO Congress this year. For a full list of speakers and their topics, visit UFOCongress.com.
About the International UFO Congress
The International UFO Congress is presented by OpenMinds.tv, an Arizona based organization dedicated to the dissemination of information related to UFOs and the search for extraterrestrial life. The conference was established in 1991 and is held annually. The event holds the Guinness World Record for the largest UFO conference in the world. It features presentations by scientists, academics, authors, researchers, experts, and those who have experienced paranormal or anomalous phenomena from all over the world. It also provides a forum to discuss experiences and findings. The event has over 20 Speakers, a Film Festival, and scores of vendors. Topics generally covered are UFO sightings, alien abduction, UFO crashes, crop circles, paranormal experiences, governmental UFO secrecy and much more.
A mysterious new video has emerged which conspiracy theorists believe may show a UFO in the sky over Italy.
An unusual bright green spherical object, which changes shape and colour in the four minute video, was caught on camera in Salento this week.
It is unclear what the object is, but the video is said to be completely genuine, untampered footage.
Scroll down for video
A mysterious new video has emerged which conspiracy theorists believe may show a UFO in the sky over Italy. An unusual bright green spherical object, which changes shape and colour in the four minute video, was caught on camera in Salento last night
LINKS BETWEEN CONSPIRACY, NARCISSISM AND SELF-ESTEEM
Over the course of three online-based studies, researchers at the University of Kent showed strong links between the belief in conspiracy theories and these psychological traits.
The results showed that those people who rated highly on the narcissism scale and who had low self-esteem were more likely to be conspiracy believers.
However, while low self-esteem, narcissism and belief in conspiracies are strongly linked, it is not clear that one - or a combination - causes the other.
But it hints at an interesting new angle to the world of conspiracy and those who reinforce belief.
The video was posted on Facebook by Lucio Margiotta, a music teacher at the Music Academy of Salento, who saw the light in the sky at around 8pm local time.
Mr Margiotta said: 'UFO sighting of 9/1/2017 at about 19.38 hours. I don't know what was and what it is to call it but it is very strange.'
In the film, a bright white, spherical object can be seen in the sky, which appears to change shape, size and colour.
At one point it turns a bright green colour, and becomes a ring, similar to a smoke ring.
Finally, the ball splits into two, before quickly fading away.
The video was shot on a smartphone at maximum (x8) zoom, and Mr Margiotta said that no filters or effects were applied.
It is unclear what the object is, although the fact that it was filmed on a smartphone suggests that the rings may be a result of autofocus, distorting the image.
Nigel Watson, author of the UFO Investigations Manual, told MailOnline: 'It is noteworthy that the distant light only turns into a halo when Lucio Margiotta zooms in on it, which suggests that the autofocus system of the camera is distorting the light to produce this unusual effect.
'It would be interesting to know if the witnesses saw this light turn into a halo, or whether they just saw a distant light.'
In the comments on the Facebook video, others have suggested that the phenomenon may be Venus.
Emy Negro said: 'was Venus ... the highest peak of visibility of this planet goes from 19:30 to 20:00 ... if there is little haze is more visible.
'The circle you saw was merely caused by the zoom of your camera...you were trying to focus and the image distorted.'
But others were convinced that it was a sign of alien life, such as John Martin, who said: 'They visit me at my home on a regular basis. They are the sphere beings.
'If you speak to them as friends and wave, they often will respond with a bright flash.'
While some are convinced that flying saucers exist, most sightings turn out to be man-made objects such as weather balloons or satellites, or down to natural phenomenon like ball lightening or meteors.
In the film, a bright white, spherical object can be seen in the sky, which appears to change shape, size and colour
What have pulsars, quasars, dark matter and dark energy got in common? Answer: each of them took the discoverer by surprise. While much of science advances carefully and methodically, the majority of truly spectacular discoveries in astronomy are unexpected.
Many of our telescopes are built to discover the known unknowns: the things we know we don't know, such as identifying the stuff that makes up dark matter.
But the real breakthroughs are the unknown unknowns. These are the things we don't even suspect are out there until we accidentally find them.
In other words, we had a question about something that we knew about, and we thought Hubble could answer the question. Most of the other discoveries are unknown unknowns: we didn't know what they were until we stumbled across them.
Consider pulsars. They were discovered in the 1960s when a bright young PhD student in the UK, Jocelyn Bell Burnell, was studying the twinkling of radio waves by electrons in space (a known unknown).
She noticed odd bits of what she called "bits of scruff" on her chart recorder, and realised they were something much more startling than mere tractor interference, and thereby discovered pulsars — an unknown unknown — for which her supervisor Antony Hewish won the 1974 Nobel prize for physics.
So how did she make that discovery?
Apart from being a bright, persistent, open-minded student, Bell Burnell was also observing the universe in a way in which it had never been observed before. By looking at rapid changes in the radio waves, she was observing the universe using a parameter — in this case short timescale observations — that hadn't been used before.
Other discoveries happen when people observe with a different parameter, such as faintness, or area of sky, that hasn't been observed before. Together, these parameters make up our parameter space.
Most major astronomical discoveries seem to happen when somebody observes a new part of parameter space; observing the universe in a way it hasn't been observed before.
This new way might consist of looking more deeply, or with better resolution, or on a larger scale, or maybe just seeing much more of the universe. Extending any of these parameters into their unexplored regions is likely to lead to an unexpected discovery.
Right now several next-generation telescopes are being built, boldly going where no telescope has gone before. They will significantly expand the volume of observational parameter space, and should in principle discover unexpected new phenomena and new types of object.
For example, CSIRO’s A$165-million ASKAP telescope, now nearing completion, is exploring several areas of uncharted parameter space, with an excellent chance of stumbling across a major unexpected discovery that could shake the scientific world.
But will we recognise it when we see it? Probably not.
Bell Burnell discovered pulsars by laboriously sifting through all her data, and noticed a tiny anomaly that didn't fit her understanding of the telescope.
How much data?
If Bell Burnell were observing with ASKAP, she would have to sift through about 80 petabytes of data a year, from a machine that is so complex that nobody truly understands every bit of it. Sorry, not even Bell Burnell's brain is up to the task of sifting through that amount of data.
We cannot possibly examine all that data by eye. So the way we do our science is that we decide on the scientific question we are asking, and turn it into a data query.
We then mine the database looking for those bits of data that will answer our question.
This is a very efficient way of answering the known unknowns. Sadly, it is useless at finding the unknown unknowns. We only receive answers to the questions that we ask, and not to the questions that we didn't know we ought to ask.
Now remember the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy science fiction/fantasy series by author Douglas Adams? When a giant computer, Deep Thought, found the answer to "life, the universe, and everything" to be 42, another, even bigger, computer had to be built to find out what the actual question was.
So can we design a machine, or a piece of software, to replicate Bell Burnell's brain in detecting unknown unknowns but working comfortably with petabytes of data and unbelievably complex telescopes?
WTF into the unknowns
I think we can, and we've already started the project WTF, which stands for Widefield ouTlier Finder, with the progress so far published just last month. The WTF machine will sift through the petabytes of data, searching for something unexpected, without knowing exactly what it's looking for.
The trick is to use machine learning techniques, where we teach the software about all the things we know about, and then ask it to find things we don't know about.
For example, it might plot a graph of radio brightness against optical colour. On that graph, it would find a cluster of quasars grouped together, another cluster of galaxies like the Milky Way, and so on.
Maybe it will find another cluster of objects that we didn't expect and didn't know about. Our puny brains couldn't make more than a small dent into all the possible graphs that need to be plotted, but WTF will take these in its stride.
This process won't be easy. At first, WTF will probably turn up things we forgot to tell it, and it will also find radio interference and instrumental artefacts.
As we gradually teach it what these are, it will start to recognise truly new objects and phenomena. More significantly, it will start to learn new things from the data that are made invisible to our brains by their sheer multidimensional complexity, but will be grist to the mill for WTF.
We expect WTF to become smarter than us, able to find those rare discoveries buried in the data. Perhaps WTF may even win the first non-human Nobel prize.
This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article. Follow all of the Expert Voices issues and debates — and become part of the discussion — on Facebook, Twitter and Google +. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. This version of the article was originally published on Space.com.
Air Force's Mysterious X-37B Space Plane Wings by 600 Days in Orbit
Air Force's Mysterious X-37B Space Plane Wings by 600 Days in Orbit
By Leonard David, Space.com's Space Insider Columnist
An Air Force X-37B robotic space plane is shown after it landed at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The fourth mission of the program is now underway and just passed 600 days in Earth orbit.
Credit: USAF/Boeing
The U.S. Air Force's mysterious X-37B space plane has now spent 600 days in Earth orbit on the vessel's latest mission, and is nearing a program record for longest time spent in space.
The robotic X-37B lifted off atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Florida's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on May 20, 2015, kicking off the program's fourth space mission (which is known as Orbital Test Vehicle-4, or OTV-4).
If the uncrewed spacecraft spends 74 more days aloft, it will break the duration record set during OTV-3, which touched down in October 2014. [The X-37B's Fourth Mystery Mission in Photos]
But it's unclear how long OTV-4 will last, or just what the X-37B is doing as it circles Earth; most details about the space plane's missions and payloads are classified.
The first OTV mission began on April 22, 2010, and concluded on Dec. 3 of that year, following 224 days of orbit. OTV-2 lifted off on March 5, 2011, and landed on June 16, 2012, after 468 days in orbit.
The record-setting OTV-3 mission chalked up nearly 675 days in orbit, circling Earth from Dec. 11, 2012, until Oct. 17, 2014.
All three previous OTV missions have come down to Earth at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, but that may change for OTV-4's landing, whenever it occurs.
Heading for Florida?
Progress has been made on consolidating X-37B space plane operations, including the use of NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida as a landing site for the robotic space plane.
A former KSC space-shuttle facility known as Orbiter Processing Facility-1 (OPF-1) was converted into a structure that will enable the Air Force "to efficiently land, recover, refurbish and relaunch the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV)," according to representatives of the aerospace giant Boeing.
X-37B vehicle development falls under the control of Boeing Space and Intelligence Systems in El Segundo, California, which is Boeing's center for all space and experimental systems and government and commercial satellites.
The Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office is leading the Department of Defense's OTV initiative, by direction of the under secretary of defense for acquisition, technology and logistics and the secretary of the Air Force.
Fleet size
To date, only two reusable X-37B vehicles have been confirmed as constituting the space plane fleet. The current OTV-4 mission is the second flight of the second X-37B vehicle built for the Air Force by Boeing.
The U.S. Air Force's X-37B space plane waits in the encapsulation cell of the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle on April 5, 2010, at the Astrotech facility in Titusville, Florida. The vehicle launched on the first X-37B mission on April 22, 2010.
Credit: U.S. Air Force
The military space plane looks like a miniature version of NASA's retired space shuttle orbiter. The X-37B is just 29 feet (8.8 meters) long and 9.6 feet (2.9 m) tall, and has a wingspan of nearly 15 feet (4.6 m). For comparison, the space shuttles were each 122 feet (37 m) long, with wingspans of 78 feet (24 m).
The X-37B has a payload bay about the size of a pickup truck bed that can be outfitted with a robotic arm. It has a launch weight of 11,000 lbs. (4,990 kilograms) and is powered in orbit by gallium arsenide solar cells with lithium-ion batteries.
Payloads aboard
Some payloads aboard the OTV-4 craft have been previously identified.
For example, Aerojet Rocketdyne has said that its XR-5A Hall Thruster had completed initial in-orbit validation testing aboard the X-37B space plane. Also on board is a NASA advanced-materials investigation.
Such test-bedding of equipment is one of the main purposes of OTV missions, along with the development of reusable-spacecraft technologies, Air Force officials have said.
"It remains a very useful way to test out things," Winston Beauchamp, deputy undersecretary of the Air Force for space, told Space.com last September during an American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) meeting in Long Beach, California.
When asked about adding more X-37Bs to the nation's fleet, Beauchamp said that the current number of vehicles meets the Air Force's needs.
Leonard David is author of "Mars: Our Future on the Red Planet," published by National Geographic. The book is a companion to the National Geographic Channel six-part series, "Mars." A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Published on Space.com.
ROUTINE FLIGHT BECOMES BIZARRE AS PILOTS ATTEMPT COMMUNICATION WITH UFO
ROUTINE FLIGHT BECOMES BIZARRE AS PILOTS ATTEMPT COMMUNICATION WITH UFO
Today’s UFO news focuses on a bizarre UFO sighting off the Atlantic Coast of the United States, where two commercial pilots attempted to communicate with a UFO by using the lights of their aircraft, according to a report filed with the National UFO Reporting Center (NUFORC), and one pilot believes that they succeeded in doing so. The two pilots, who for obvious reasons given the history of UFO news reports, have chosen remain anonymous. Their UFO report outlines a 10-minute sighting that occurred off the coastline nearest to Atlantic City, New Jersey, during a routine flight from New York to Miami the day after Christmas.
The details included in the report are both professional and appear to be highly reliable. The pilots describe the altitude of their aircraft, the weather, and a detailed report about how the UFO appeared to them. Like many other UFO reports over the last two months, this UFO disappears.
“At first sight the light was approximately at our 1 o’clock position. It moved to 12, 10, 11, back to 12. At that time, the light appeared to move North, then south at a pretty rapid rate. Or I would describe it as closer and further from our position as the size seemed to get larger and smaller. The light ended in the 1st position and then moved out east and once at our 10 o’clock position disappeared.”
In this description, the pilots are clearly establishing a fast-moving UFO, as earlier in the report the pilot commenting established that his aircraft was moving at Mach 0.80. In civilian terms, the pilots are traveling at over 600 miles per hour. That means that the UFO in this news report is moving at a rate of speed that likely exceeded Mach 1, or breaking the sound barrier, many times in order to close the distances both toward and away from the commercial airliner. At this point, the pilot who was captain on this flight turns the report from interesting to astonishing.
“The other pilot stated he could see an orange/red flash in between the white flashes. We did flash our lights at it a few times, and the other pilot believes it flashed back in sequence; I felt the return flashes were probably coincidental, but possible. The flashing didn’t really appear to have any pattern. The whole incident lasted a minimum of 10 minutes.”
The pilots saw the UFO at roughly the same time as two subsequent events later that week. [Image by mscornelius/iStock]
It’s important to establish a key point regarding this UFO news. A commercial pilot’s experience is invaluable, but that pilot’s conclusions about a UFO are just as subject to confirmation bias as anyone else’s. Is the captain filing this UFO report seeing random light flash responses, or is the second pilot seeing patterns where none exists? Two human beings that operate at a high level of situational awareness are watching the same object, and both are seeing entirely different realities. That makes this UFO news more interesting and raises other questions.
The uncertain shape of the craft and the red and orange colors do mimic those UFO news stories. However, unlike the other reports, these pilots were observing a craft at high altitudes instead of on the ground so it is hard to know without more specific details about the UFO sightings from the ground. But the witness in Texas did note altitude changes with the UFO he observed.
That disagreement strengthens the veracity of this report by acknowledging the differences in experience, but it also begs a question. Does the disparity also serve to validate the probability that a UFO was moving along the New Jersey coastline? Neither pilot is in dispute that a UFO was moving at extraordinary speeds and with fast changes in altitude and direction. Two highly trained observers of the sky are unable to identify a craft moving in front of them, which is worthy of the news coverage alone, but could this also be a UFO that is similar to the news in the states of Washington and Texas a few days later?
The uncertain shape of the craft and the red and orange colors do mimic those UFO news stories. However, unlike the other reports, these pilots were observing a craft at high altitudes instead of on the ground so it is hard to know without more specific details about the UFO sightings from the ground. But the witness in Texas did note altitude changes with the UFO he observed.
It would be fascinating to get further details on why the second pilot perceived communication in the flashes. Did two commercial pilots communicate with a UFO? Hopefully, further research will clarify that exciting possibility.
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