The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
04-02-2017
Op reis naar Alpha Centauri: hoe gaan we remmen?
Op reis naar Alpha Centauri: hoe gaan we remmen?
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Het klonk als een superidee: met een zonnezeil naar de dichtstbijzijnde planeet Proxima b reizen. Maar hoe gaan we remmen?
In april vorig jaar kwamen Stephen Hawking en Yuri Milner met een geweldig idee: een ruimtereis naar de sterren die het dichtst bij de aarde staan, het Alpha Centauri-systeem. Deze sterren zijn zo’n 4,3 lichtjaar – oftewel 40 biljoen kilometer – van ons verwijderd. Hawking en Milner willen dat hun ruimtevaartuig niet meer dan twintig jaar over de reis doet. Het betekent dat het een snelheid van zo’n 60.000 kilometer per seconde moet hebben. Het klinkt onmogelijk, maar het kan, zo stellen Hawking en Milner, met behulp van licht. Ze stelden voor om het ruimtevaartuig aan te drijven met behulp van een groot, dun zeil dat door een gigantische laserstraal vanaf de aarde wordt voortgejaagd. Gaandeweg zal het zeil een steeds hogere snelheid krijgen.
Straling Een fantastisch idee, dat nog interessanter werd toen onderzoekers eind 2016 aankondigden dat rond één van de sterren in het Alpha Centauri-systeem – Proxima Centauri – een aardachtige planeet draait. Maar hoe gaan we – eenmaal aangekomen bij Alpha Centauri – remmen? Over die vraag hebben onderzoekers van het Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research zich nu gebogen. En ze stellen voor om de straling van de Alpha Centauri-sterren te gebruiken om de sonde af te remmen. Net zoals straling gebruikt wordt om het zonnezeil op snelheid te brengen, kan deze immers ook worden ingezet om het zeil te vertragen. De aanpak van de wetenschappers heeft echter één nadeel: ons geduld wordt op de proef gesteld. Zo duurt de reis naar het Alpha Centauri-systeem veel langer. Al snel zo’n 100 jaar.
VERGEET DIE LASER!
De onderzoekers stellen tevens voor om het zeil niet voort te drijven met behulp van een energieverslindende laser. In plaats daarvan zou de straling van de zon gebruikt moeten worden om het zeil op snelheid te brengen. Het betekent echter dat het zeil de zon tot een afstand van zo’n 5 keer de straal van de zon zal moeten naderen.
Afgeremd In hun berekeningen gaan de onderzoekers uit van een ruimtesonde die minder dan 100 gram weegt en vastzit aan een 100.000 m2 groot zeil. Terwijl de sonde Alpha Centauri nadert, wordt deze steeds meer afgeremd door de straling van de ster. Als de sonde de ster Alpha Centauri A als eerste tot zo’n 4 miljoen kilometer nadert en daarbij een maximumsnelheid van zo’n 13.800 kilometer per seconde heeft, zou deze zijn doel niet voorbij schieten, zo wijzen berekeningen uit.
Zwaartekracht Alpha Centauri A heeft echter niet alleen met zijn straling invloed op de sonde. Ook de zwaartekracht van de ster speelt een rol en kan gebruikt worden om de sonde een zwiep te geven, zodat deze ook één van de andere sterren in het systeem kan bezoeken.
De onderzoekers zien het al helemaal voor zich. De sonde nadert ster A. Deze remt de sonde af en zwiept de sonde naar Alpha Centauri B. Daar zou de sonde een paar dagen later arriveren, weer worden afgeremd en vervolgens naar Proxima Centauri worden geschopt. Daar zou de sonde dan zo’n 46 jaar later – 140 jaar nadat deze gelanceerd is – aankomen.
UFO discourse is shrouded in mystery, intrigue, and a large dose of eccentricity. Mainstream media typically refuses to engage with the UFO topic, so UFO researchers and enthusiasts are generally left to congregate in the dark corners of the internet looking for scraps of reliable information to add to their repertoire. It should come as no surprise that when a massive collection of UFO related information emerges from Wikileaks, the UFO crowd begins to frenzy. While Wikileaks is not constrained by the forces that restrict mainstream media, is the Wikileaks effect good for the study of the UFO question?
A few days ago, Rob Waugh of The Metro published a story in regards to a ‘Wikileaked’ diplomatic cable from 1978 in which Sir Eric Gairy, the former Prime Minister of Granada, approached the United Nations with a request for a formal investigation into UFOs. Part of the cable states,
[Gairy] had come to New York to present the item because of his ‘deep personal conviction’ that the subject of UFOs was one of ‘world-wide importance and significance’ and indeed, one which warranted very serious consideration by the United Nations.
Sir Eric Gairy
While dated, the story did get good circulation through UFO communities, but it raises an important question; is this cable Ufologically valuable, and transitively, does the massive collection of Wikileaks UFO data, from cables to emails, actually help in solving the UFO riddle? Answering this question requires a quick look back into the historical relationship between Wikileaks itself and UFOs.
Wikileaks exploded into cultural and social consciousness over six years ago when it posted hundreds of thousands of raw secret US government documents concerning the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. What soon followed were a quarter of a million classified diplomatic cables, many of which were quite damaging, and the general understanding that no one, no matter how high up they were in government, was safe from having their dirty laundry aired.
As time went on, and Wikileaks continued to release documents, UFO researchers began to search the Wikileaks archive for any mention of UFOs. From curious cables and messages regarding the planet Nibiru, to UFO cult recruiting practices, to even a city mayor referring to ‘life on other planets’– the content on Wikileaks created significant buzz in the UFO world.
However, the biggest surge of UFO data came in 2016. Leaked emails from Hillary Clinton’s campaign manager and known UFO enthusiast John Podesta, infamously known as The Podesta E-mails, took center stage as the Presidential elections were in full swing. While the bulk of the content was not UFO related, it did not take long for UFO researchers to begin digging into the collection to find as much UFO content as possible.
Tom DeLonge, featured in Rolling Stone Magazine
One of the most intriguing revelations from the e-mails concerns Tom DeLonge of Blink 182 fame, and his meetings with Podesta as well as other high ranking American military officials. In one of the emails to Podesta, DeLonge stated that he wanted to set up a meeting between himself, Podesta, and officials who were,
…principal leadership relating to our sensitive topic…in charge of most fragile divisions, as it relates to Classified Science and DOD topics.
In another email, one of these officials is named as General William McCasland. DeLonge writes,
When Roswell crashed, they shipped it to the laboratory at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. General McCasland was in charge of that exact laboratory up to a couple years ago… he not only knows what I’m trying to achieve, he helped assemble my advisory team…he’s a very important man.
The Podesta E-mails contained a lot of UFO related material, which is to be expected since the man is interested in the topic. DeLonge’s messages are just one sample from a long list. However, the result of these leaked emails secured the UFO community’s infatuation with Wikileaks as a legitimate source for information.
It was a sort of rallying call. UFO researchers finally had an organization with a household name behind them. This wasn’t some small UFO news website which catered to a small crowd; this was Wikileaks, a giant and powerful internet presence which made headline news almost on a daily basis. This was, and still is today, nothing short of alluring for a subculture relegated to the social fringe. Alluring is not always good, however. The Wikileaks effect has done to UFOs what it has done to every other cultural topic; it has blurred the lines between facts researched within context, and dumped information devoid of context.
A still shot of a “real” alien taken from a YouTube video claiming to be from the “Deep Web.” A bit of research provides a more dubious source from hoaxers.
It isn’t that Wikileaks is good or bad, but it has changed the game. UFO discourse now has access to more data, but that data is not fact checked or researched before being released. It is simply raw, and anyone can spin that information to suit their own beliefs or agenda. Some of that raw information on Wikileaks may be useful in the search for truth, and some has and will be used by charlatans to line their own pockets or boost their own egos. People need to remain critical.
Diplomatic cables posted out of context are not facts, and emails in regards to one man’s opinions and beliefs are not evidence. The radical transparency Wikileaks attempts to provide is most definitely here to stay, but those who study the UFO question must be weary, as it’s easy to become blinded. Nothing on Wikileaks has led to concrete evidence that proves UFOs are anything more than their acronym. Perhaps one day, UFO researchers will find the holy grail hidden in the Wikileaks data archive, but until then, they need to be more critical of the information they pull from the massive data dump. As Podesta tweeted in 2014, #thetruthisstilloutthere.
The unnamed dog walker has sent the video to the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) which investigates such sightings.
In a report to the anonymous man said: "I first noticed the object because it flew from over the field across my house.
"I had no idea what to think about the object when I first saw it, my only instinct was to get out my phone and start recording because it definitely wasn't something I had ever seen before.
"It flew quite quickly in a straight pattern over and away from my house.
"It was shaped like a dome with a slight point on top, and some type of string like appendage hanging from it.
It's hard to understand the shape of the object in few seconds and whit this low quality, but it could be a hang glider, a glider or a kite.
Scott Brando
"My feelings on the object are quite mixed. I've always been on the fence as far as paranormal occurrences. But when I saw this thing I was just so intrigued, and I genuinely can't explain what this might be."
UFO blogger Scott C Waring is convinced he has captured something amazing.
He wrote on ufosightingsdaily.com: "This video shows us only a few seconds of footage, but its all we need to see that its rotating slightly as it moves forward.
"The UFO has many several antenna like appendages sticking out. One on top, one on bottom and another two sticking out its front area.
"Many classic UFOs have been seen to have an arial antenna on top and some on the centre bottom.
"The eyewitness says it was shaped like a dome...a disk. Nice catch."
But UFO hoax buster Scott Brando said there was probably a genuine explanation for the sighting.
He said: "It's hard to understand the shape of the object in few seconds and whit this low quality, but it could be a hang glider, a glider or a kite."
Striking images were sent in to analysts after a couple watched the crash from their back garden.
In an anonymous statement to the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), which investigates such sightings, they said yesterday: "One February 1 I was out on the back porch when my husband pointed out what looked to me like a jet at first.
"It was a quick presumption on my part and due to the cloud like trails it was leaving behind. But with a bit more observation it became obvious that it was not.
"It was moving far too slow to be a jet and was falling toward the ground.
"Looking through the binoculars I could see two bright orbs of light at the leading edge which seemed to separate slightly from one another.
"The decent was far slower than I imagine gravity would bring a solid object down. It took at least five minutes to get from mid sky to where I could no longer see it behind the trees."
She claimed to see the same event the next day (yesterday) in her home in Castlegar, British Colombia, Canada, adding: "Around the same time today my husband came in to tell me that there was another one in the sky.
"This time I thought to grab my camera.
MUFON
This image of a "falling UFO" has been sent to investigators a MUFON.
"It looked and acted almost identical to yesterday's sighting, a bright circle of light falling at a slow rate of speed leaving two trails behind it.
"Two very fast jets flew across the sky from west to east in the same area as it descend.
"When I lost sight of it behind the trees I took a look around and spotted another one higher in the sky but in the same southern direction.
"It too look as though it was falling to the ground and at the same slow rate of speed. "This one however broke into four segments but all four fell at the same rate.
"Another jet flew by shortly before I lost sight of it.
"And then another, but this one came from the east, did a quick turn about above the falling object and returned east.
"These jets were far faster than commercial airlines fly."
MUFON
Scott Brando claims it was just an optical illusion.
Some planes and their contrails taken during sunset look like meteors or other objects falling from the sky, but it's just an illusion.
Scott Brando
Scott C Waring runs website ufosightingsdaily.com, and is known for taking giant leaps with alleged UFO sightings to them being proof of alien craft.
He blogged: "The UFO seen in the photos is a disk shape and is glowing incredibly.
"The sides of the disk are not glowing, but its centre is.
"The UFO seems to have lost control and was crashing to Earth somewhere in the forest hills of British Colombia.
"The fact that it descended slowly rules out a meteor, the fact that its perfectly shaped like a disk rules out a jet, rocket or satellite.
"So, all we have left is an alien craft falling to earth as if its been attacked, possibly shot down with the old Ronald Reagan Star Wars satellites which have missiles on them to attack."
The Reagan Star Wars programme was a plan to have weapons in space that could shoot down a nuclear bomb fired at the US, but it never got off the ground.
However, conspiracy theorists like Mr Waring claim it did, and it was actually a cover up for firing it invading aliens.
However, it seems as though the woman was right in her initial assumption.
Before US-based MUFON gets to look at the case, it has been analysed by forensic UFO investigator Scott Brando.
He runs hoax-busting website ufoofinterest.org and claims there has yet to be an inexplicable picture or video of a supposed UFO taken yet.
He told Express.co.uk this was a classic example of a "perspective optical illusion".
Mr Brando, who provided video and still examples to back up his explanation, said it was just a plane flying horizontally away from the witness, which gave it the appearance it was falling down, but that is why it appeared to fall so slowly.
He said: "It's a known effect caused by the perspective.
"Some planes and their contrails taken during sunset look like meteors or other objects falling from the sky, but it's just an illusion."
This message was displayed after NASA's ISS signal was dropped when a UFO was captured in the footage.YouTube Screenshot/ Bright Insight
The latest incident regarding an alien cover-up occurred on January 20, 2017, when NASA's International Space Station (ISS) suddenly stopped its live feed while a luminous UFO suddenly appeared in front of the camera.
The video feed was resumed after 35 seconds; a message stating that the hindrance was caused because there was either "temporary loss of signal" or they were "switching cameras" was put up on the live ISS YouTube channel.
Have a look at the video when NASA's ISS live feed was stopped suddenly
YouTube/Bright Insight
Alien hunters and UFO experts think that the strange orb of light that was seen before the live video footage went off the air was either a UFO or some brand new military technology the government wants to keep top secret, according to Science World Report.
"I have seen myself, at least a dozen times, where there is video of some sort of object coming close to the International Space Station -- moving around in many cases -- and all of a sudden they just cut the feed," online blogger Bright Insight, revealed.
"Either it's aliens or it is top secret technology that is being suppressed from the masses," Bright Insight said further.
This was the fourth time NASA abruptly stopped its live feed over a span of seven months, Daily Star reported.
Way back in July 2016, a light-emitting spacecraft was seen entering the Earth's atmosphere in the live ISS feed and the video was immediately cut.
Similar instances took place again after three months. Popular UFO YouTubers and UFOlogists have also observed the dropping of feeds taking place when an alien craft is seen in the footage.
"NASA cuts the camera feed so quickly even though this was very distant," Streetcap1, a UFOlogist said, as reported by Daily Star.
"But I still managed to get a couple of frames to enlarge," Streetcap1 added.
Here's the link to the footage Streetcap1 captured before NASA cut the feed on September 30, 2016:
Youtube/Streetcap1
In another instance an astronaut on the ISS tries to cover the UFO sighting by putting his hand in front of the camera as soon as an alien object passes by.
"We have an astronaut working on the International Space Station where we not only see a UFO fly overhead, but we are also going to see the astronaut attempt to hide this activity by putting his hand in front of the camera. And he actually does this a couple of times," says Tyler, from UFO hunting group Secure Team who posted the footage on his secureteam10 YouTube channel.
Have a look at the footage of an astronaut trying to cover-up a UFO
YouTube/ secureteam10
So far no response has been received from NASA regarding these recurring "co-incidents".
Social media sites have also allegedly been trying to cover up such sightings, such as the recent instance of UFO sighting along the US-Mexico border, which was filmed and uploaded by a girl on Instagram, and the video was subsequently removed.
Similarly, photos and videos of unknown craft hovering over Turkey were trending on Twitter with the hashtag #UFOAttacktoTurkey, which was then censored by the microblogging site. This resulted in annoyed usersposting about it more actively with an attempt to bring out the truth and spread the news about the sighting.
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Alien Extra-Dimensional Visitors Are Visiting The Earth
Alien Extra-Dimensional Visitors Are Visiting The Earth
Is more to this world than what you can perceive with your five senses? Extra-Dimensionality is the key to understanding everything… Understanding the Extra-Dimensional phenomena is the way to unfold the truth of the paranormal, the spiritual and even the physical world. These Visitors have been with us since time immemorial and their messages to us are everywhere around us.
In this episode we are going to be joined by former national security investigator for the US government, John DeSouza. John is a researcher and experiencer of paranormal and spiritual phenomena. Today we will be discussing his new book The Extra-Dimensionals, which presents tales of non-terrestrial visitors, and their agendas on our planet.
This video is being provided as a courtesy of Just Energy Radio. You can watch the full episode commercial free by upgrading to a Just Energy Radio Insider’s membership.
Former national security investigator for the US government, John DeSouza, is also a researcher and experiencer of paranormal and spiritual phenomena. He will talk about various examples of divine and paranormal intervention in law enforcement situations, as well as extraordinary stories from civilians, and his unique perspectives on these matters. Early in DeSouza’s career, a police officer told him about his strange experience when he was waved down by a young man who took him to the scene of an off-road accident, where he was able to save the lives of two injured women. But the man who waved him down vanished from the scene, and the officer, who had a very sharp memory, said it was like the details of the man’s appearance were wiped from his mind. DeSouza believes it was likely a case of angelic intervention.
He also detailed an incident in which an eight-year-old boy was interviewed by a task force member in relation to his precognitive dream about 9-11, in which he received a phone call from an adult man who was begging for help as there was a fire in his office building, and he was trapped on the 77th floor. The task force officer revealed that he’d actually had the same dream. DeSouza’s next book, out later this year, The Extra-Dimensionals, will present tales of non-terrestrial visitors, and their agendas on our planet.
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Alien In The Ocean World: Using Analytical Science Prowess To Discover Extraterrestrial Life
Alien In The Ocean World: Using Analytical Science Prowess To Discover Extraterrestrial Life
Jezreel Smith
(Photo : David McNew/Newsmakers) Capillary Electrophoresis was performed using the water sample from Mono Lake. Almost 17 amino acid were discovered despite the strong basicity of the water sample's pH. The method is then considered to be very helpful in correlating the presence of amino acids from extraterrestrial form of life in different bodies of water.
A liquid-based analytical technique called Capillary Electrophoresis paves the way in detecting another form of life present in earth's oceans. NASA researchers are developing and customizing Capillary Electrophoresis which could detect and contrast the presence of amino acids that is present from a non-living organism from that of a living organism.
Amino Acid is the building block of protein that plays an essential role in biologic processes of an organism. According to Tech Times, the new method was already used to identify 17 different amino acids in Mono Lake located in California. Using analytical process, the scientists were able to differentiate the origin of amino acids whether it is from living or non-living creature.
Mono Lake's water is very basic considering its power of hydrogen. Thus, making it an impossible habitat for life, however, it could also reflect on the possibility of testing the salty waters theoretically located in Mars, the Jupiter's moon Europa and the Saturn's moon Enceladus.
As reported by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the customized capillary electrophoresis is 10,000 times more sensitive as compared to the current methods employed by some spacecraft such as NASA's Mars Curiosity Rover. The principle behind the technique is that it involves the separation of ions based on their electrophoretic mobility under an applied voltage.
Furthermore, according to Jessica Creamer, a postdoctoral scholar at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the method could easily detect amino acid in a single try or even in low concentrations and highly salty specimens. The method could be simply and easily finalized with a 'mix and analyze' process.
The existence of L-amino acid in living organisms has already a great linkage to life while non-living creatures possess both L- amino acid and D- amino acid. An extraterrestrial source for an L-amino acid in oceans could further reflect an extraterrestrial form of life. Enjoy the wisdom and knowledge that science brings; continue visiting Science Times for more updates.
Alien hunters were convinced they had spotted a captured UFO on Wednesday.
Keen-eyed conspiracy theorists spotted a strange circular object on Google Earth satellite images of Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory near Los Angeles.
Some alien hunters claimed that the object was a flying saucer parked on the runway.
But Nasa engineers have since debunked the theory by taking a selfie with the mystery shape.
Scroll down for video
Alien hunters were convinced they had spotted a captured UFO on Wednesday. A keen-eyed conspiracy theorists spotted a strange circular objects on Google Earth satellite images of Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory near Los Angeles
Nasa scientist Dr Nacer Chahat tweeted the photo earlier today.
In response to Twitter user @ufoofinterest, who had posted a link to an article on the so-called UFO, he wrote: 'Here is what you think is a UFO. The only alien is me.'
Dr Chahat's picture shows him stood with a colleague near the object, which appears to be a storage container.
YouTube user 'Name Shame' originally spotted the object on Google Earth on Wednesday and published the images on his YouTube channel.
'Is NASA playing games?.. UFO captured? What is it?' he said in the post.
The JPL, near Los Angeles, is the birthplace of the US's first satellite to orbit the Earth.
Earlier this week, alien hunters claimed that the white disc-like object was a flying saucer
Nasa engineers have debunked the conspiracy theory by taking photos of the mystery object
The 'Explorer 1' satellite launched in 1958.
The JPL now acts as the headquarters for exploratory missions to study distant planets and asteroids.
'I doubt this is a captured extraterrestrial flying saucer, more likely it is a structure or vehicle that has a flying saucer shape,' Nigel Watson, author of the UFO Investigations Manual, told MailOnline earlier this week.
The JPL is the birthplace of America's first satellite to orbit the Earth back in 1958. It now acts as the headquarters for several upcoming exploratory missions to study distant planets and asteroids
'Secondly, why would they leave it out in the open to be spotted by the likes of Google Earth?
'Seeing strange anomalies on Google seems to be the latest craze that is rivalling the watching of live images from the International Space Station to get a glimpse of UFOs.
'In most of these instances we see what we look for.'
This is not the first time that UFO Hunters have used Google's satellite technology to make bizarre claims about aliens.
Earlier this month a self-proclaimed ufologist claimed footage of himself fighting and being abducted by aliens had been caught on camera by Google maps.
A man who called himself John Mooner, from Newton Abbot in Devon, claimed a 'real alien abduction' has been captured taking place on Google's satellite cameras.
The green glow is supposedly light from an alien ship hoping to beam him up. The small red circles allegedly show him being punched in the face by an alien. A zoomed in version is shown top right
THE 'ABDUCTION'
Mr Mooner claimed he does not remember the abduction at all, but is convinced it is himself in the footage.
'I do remember sporadic episodes of missing time throughout the year of 2016 and going back through the previous years,' he said.
He is convinced from looking at a series of pictures that he was abducted.
'The shocking thing about this was that it's me being abducted by a grey alien and the satellite image clearly shows me trying to fight off the grey alien by punching it in the face,' he said.
'I was having trouble with the Google Earth app that was installed on my computer so I looked for an online option and found Google satellite maps,' Mr Mooner told the Torquay Herald Express.
'I thought to myself I will view the area where I was UFO spotted from last year and look for anything out of the ordinary.
'I was left speechless by what I saw.
'The satellite has captured a real alien abduction taking place.'
The pictures were released by Mr Mooner, who claims he took them from Google maps.
Where exactly the abduction took place is unknown.
'The shocking thing about this was that it's me being abducted by a grey alien and the satellite image clearly shows me trying to fight off the grey alien by punching it in the face,' he said.
Mr Mooner claims he does not remember the abduction at all, but is convinced it is himself in the footage. 'I do however remember sporadic episodes of missing time throughout the year of 2016 and going back through the previous years,' he said
'Looking at the image it appears that the alien has blocked my punch and has grabbed my fist and must of been able to subdue me [sic].'
Mr Mooner claims he does not remember the abduction at all, but is convinced it is himself in the footage.
'I do however remember sporadic episodes of missing time throughout the year of 2016 and going back through the previous years,' he said.
'I do remember wearing a black baseball cap and shirt. This is definitely me on the satellite image.'
'The shocking thing about this was that it's me being abducted by a grey alien and the satellite image clearly shows me trying to fight off the grey alien by punching it in the face,' he said
Out in West Texas, on a wide shoulder of Highway 90 in the desert, curious people gather most every night to view a ghostly phenomenon. As dusk begins to fall, strange lights appear to hover in the air and then disappear unprompted. The lights have been described as otherworldly. Some find them friendly, and others, sinister. Witnesses claim to see the lights dart in one direction or another, change color, and apparently dissolve just as swiftly as they appeared. The Marfa Lights, as they’re known, are a largely mysterious phenomenon that have confounded and intrigued Texans for generations. But just what exactly are they? Let’s do some research.
First and foremost it’s important to point out that the lights are not a figment of the collective imagination of a gullible public. The Marfa Lights have been well-documented by scientists and celebrities. If you go to the Marfa Light Viewing Center, you are likely to see them for yourself. James Dean is said to have been so obsessed with them during the filming of the movie Giantthat he would keep a telescope on him at night to catch glimpses of them.
Ghost lights are an ancient phenomenon that occur worldwide. Some people call them will-o-the-wisps, while others refer to them as swamp lights or orbs. It’s hard to say exactly when the Marfa lights first appeared. There are reports of sightings dating back to the 19th century, but the first known printed account of them showed up in a 1957 issue of Coronet Magazine, where they were referred to as “the Texas Ghost Lights.”
Theories abound as to just what causes them. Some people believe the lights are paranormal in essence. That they are perhaps ethereal spirits, the luminous remains of lost souls. Some posit that they are alien in nature, possibly UFOs. The skeptics tend to believe the lights are merely atmospheric reflections of campfires and the headlights of cars passing on a nearby roadway.
There are two notable studies on the Marfa Lights. One was done by Society of Physics students at the University of Texas at Dallas in 2004. Another study was conducted four years later by a group of scientists from Texas State University. The Texas State scientists spent 20 nights using spectroscopic technology to observe the lights. Both studies came to similar conclusions, that the Marfa Lights were most likely caused by the headlights of cars driving by on Highway 67, or by small campfires in the distance.
Although, some people who have seen the lights vehemently deny this solution. Michael Hall wrote a piece on the subject for Texas Monthly in 2006 entitled “The Truth is Out There.” Hall’s article explored both magical and scientific explanations for the lights.
“My wife and I got married in Alpine six years ago, and the night before, the wedding party wound up at the viewing area.Alcohol was involved, and so was a lot of loud talk. There were more than a dozen of us, and just as a funny movie is funnier with a group of friends, so is a mystery more mysterious. We all agreed—no way those were car lights,” Hall wrote.
Hall wanted badly to believe, but after doing his own research (involving telescopes, binoculars, experts, first-hand testimony and even strobe lights) even he had his doubts.
Some people enjoy the mystery of the lights even more than the lights themselves, though. Julie Mangum saw the lights during her time attending Sul Ross University in Alpine.
“It’s the strangest thing to ponder. It absolutely blows my mind just like how space never ends, or like what does it mean to not exist. You don’t always see them when you go and they never are the same every time you’re there. It’s really a great mystery and I don’t know if I really want it solved.”
In general, ghost lights are considered evasive and mysterious, popping up in random places in the dark of night with few witnesses. However, in Texas, the Marfa Lights are easily spotted from the same location nearly every night. That would suggest that what we’re seeing is not supernatural, but something rational that perhaps has been distorted, causing it to seem unfamiliar.
One way that the Marfa Lights could be car lights and also appear mystical is if they were being disguised through an optical illusion. There is one such optical illusion that is actually very common in most parts of Texas. In fact, you’ve probably experienced it yourself. Picture this: you’re driving down a long stretch of highway in the summer. The road is baking with heat. The temperature is creeping up toward the triple digits, and there is not a cloud in the sky. Suddenly, up ahead the road appears to be wet. Did a sudden shower move through the area right before you drove in? No, that can’t be right either, because as you near the watery section of road, it appears to dry before your eyes.
What you’re actually seeing is an optical illusion commonly known as “heat haze” or “heat shimmer.” It occurs when extreme heat near the surface of the road refracts the light from the sky. In simple terms, the ground becomes a mirror and reflects the sky. During daylight hours when there’s not much on the horizon, your brain interprets this heat haze as water. However, the haze can actually create a mirror image (also known as an inverted mirage) when it’s in front of something large like a mountain. The effect of which is to make something in the distance seem to appear upside down, like it’s being reflected in a pool of water that simply isn’t there. Now imagine what that would do to car headlights traveling along a road, or campfire lights at night.
Paradoxically, a mirage could even be to blame when the weather is cold. Cold air mirages are known as “superior mirages.” They happen when the air close to the ground is colder than the air above it. They are more common in polar regions than in the arid West Texas desert, but it’s one possible explanation.
However, you also have to take into consideration that there were reports of ghost lights in this area in the 1850’s, before Texas even had roads. Or cars. Could it really be lost souls? Maybe. No one really knows what happens after this life. It could be camp-fires. Hell, that close to New Mexico, it could really be aliens. We may never know.
Wat gebeurt er met het menselijke lichaam als je een jaar in de ruimte verblijft? Onderzoekers van de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA zetten een uniek experiment op met een identieke tweeling, waarvan één broer naar het internationaal ruimtestation ISS reisde en de andere op aarde bleef. Bedoeling was om data te vergelijken van voor, tijdens en na de missie. Intussen zijn de eerste resultaten binnen en die zijn opmerkelijk te noemen. Zo veranderde het DNA van de broer die in de ruimte verbleef en werd hij groter.
Het waren Scott en Mark Kelly die voor proefkonijn speelden in het onderzoek. Scott reisde naar het ISS, waar hij een jaar gewichtloos leefde, voormalig astronaut Mark bleef gewoon op aarde. Doel was om te weten te komen wat een langer verblijf in de ruimte met de mens doet met het oog op een bemande missie naar onze buurplaneet Mars. Tien groepen wetenschappers bestuderen nu de informatie die ze uit de missie verkregen, elk in hun eigen vakgebied. Het gaat onder meer om het effect op het immuunsysteem, de beenderen en het DNA.
Chromosomen Wat bleek? De chromosomen van Scott waren langer geworden tijdens zijn verblijf in de ruimte, terwijl ze op aarde net korter worden als je ouder wordt. Dat kwam doordat de zogenaamde 'telomeren' op het einde van zijn chromosomen - die chromosomen beschermen voor afsterven en versmelten met andere chromosomen - langer waren geworden. De onderzoekers vermoeden dat het te wijten is aan het feit dat Scott meer bewoog en sportte en minder calorieën opnam in het ruimtestation. Toen hij weer op aarde was, werden ze opnieuw korter. Het effect ervan moet nog worden onderzocht.
Scott had ook een verminderende botvorming, maar het niveau van een hormoon dat helpt om beenderen en spieren gezond te houden, was wel hoger geworden. Vermoedelijk door het vele sporten. Het niveau van het stresshormoon cortisol bleef normaal, met uitzondering van het moment net na zijn landing op aarde. Vermoedelijk door de stress van zijn terugkeer in de atmosfeer. Scott was ook 5 centimeter groter geworden bij zijn terugkomst.
Kracht Een ander belangrijk resultaat met betrekking tot een potentiële reis naar Mars was de verminderde kracht van Scott. Na zes maanden in de ruimte blijkt het steeds moeilijker om taken snel en efficiënt uit te voeren, zelfs als ze vitaal zijn voor het overleven. Dat wezen fysieke tests aan, zoals het beklimmen van ladders, het openen van luiken en het ontwijken van obstakels. Ook de fijne motoriek ging achteruit, zoals bij het bedienen van computermateriaal. Net als de cognitieve vaardigheden van Scott.
Probleem Toen Scott weer op de aarde landde, werd hij door hulpverleners uit zijn capsule geholpen. Dat zal niet het geval zijn op Mars, waar de astronauten op zichzelf aangewezen zijn. Een potentieel probleem, ook al denkt Scott dat het daar makkelijker zal gaan omdat er minder zwaartekracht is.
De resultaten zijn vooralsnog voorlopig en moeten nog verder worden onderzocht. Later dit jaar zou de NASA met een diepgaander en uitgebreider verslag komen. "Belangrijk is wel dat we voorlopig nog niets hebben gevonden dat een langere ruimtereis zoals naar Mars in de weg kan staan", aldus nog onderzoeker John Charles.
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Two White UFOs Appear Over Ocean In Chile Causing Family To Panic, Jan 30, 2017, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Two White UFOs Appear Over Ocean In Chile Causing Family To Panic, Jan 30, 2017, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:January 30, 2017 Location of sighting: Chile This is a video posted by Ovnis Actuales of Youtube. As a white UFO disk is seen in the far distance, a father of a family becomes excited, but the others near him blow it off as nothing, until a second UFO disk appears even close to them and more clear than ever. Thats when the woman notices and screams. Watch a 2:20 to see the closest UFO move through a cloud. These UFOs appeared over the ocean in Chile because they were either getting ready to enter or exist the under water alien base in the area. If they were leaving, then they need to rise up and let the water flow off of them before they enter space. The water on the UFO would cause complications during flight through space at high speeds. Scott C. Waring
This is a very fascinating report sent in today and I have to admit its got me stumped. Most UFOs wont make a cloud unless its to hide in or to make cloud tunnels. I have even seen a three arm starfish UFO rotating like a slow fan inside of a cloud before, but this is really amazing. The photos were sent in HD and are included in the file above you can use them as you wish. The UFO seen in the photos is a disk shape and is glowing incredibly. The sides of the disk are not glowing, but its center is. The UFO seems to have lost control and was crashing to earth somewhere in the forest hills of BC. The fact that it depended slowly rules out meteor. The fact that its perfectly shaped like a disk rules out jet, rocket or satellite. So, all we have left is an alien craft falling to earth as if its been attacked, possibly shot down with the old Ronald Reagan Star Wars satellites which have missiles on them to attack. There is actually a video from long ago of a missile shooting at a UFO and the UFO suddenly makes a hard right turn to avoid it. I will include that old video below. Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
These same type of objects were witnessed on two occasions. Yesterday I was out on the back porch when my husband pointed out what looked to me like a jet at first. It was a quick presumption on my part and due to the cloud like trails it was leaving behind. But with a bit more observation it became obvious that it was not. It was moving far too slow to be a jet and was falling toward the ground. Looking through the binoculars I could see two bright orbs of light at the leading edge which seemed to separate slightly from one another. The decent was far slower than I imagine gravity would bring a solid object down. It took at least five minutes to get from mid sky to where I could no longer see it behind the trees. Around the same time today my husband came in to tell me that there was another one in the sky. This time I thought to grab my camera. It looked and acted almost identical to yesterday's sighting, a bright circle of light falling at a slow rate of speed leaving two trails behind it. Two very fast jets flew across the sky from west to east in the same area as it descend. When I lost sight of it behind the trees I took a look around and spotted another one higher in the sky but in the same southern direction. It too look as though it was falling to the ground and at the same slow rate of speed. This one however broke into four segments but all four fell at the same rate. Another jet flew by shortly before I lost sight of it. And then another, but this one came from the east, did a quick turn about above the falling object and returned east. These jets were far faster than commercial airlines fly. I did and still do feel a bit bewildered by what I saw and am very curious to know what exactly I witnessed.
Above I have altered to color to make the UFO stand out more, below is the untouched original.
Above I have altered to color to make the UFO stand out more, below is the untouched original.
Above I have altered to color to make the UFO stand out more, below is the untouched original.
Above I have altered to color to make the UFO stand out more, below is the untouched original.
Above I have altered to color to make the UFO stand out more, below is the untouched original.
Giant UFO Disk Near Our Sun, But You Wont Hear It From NASA, Feb 2, 2017, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Giant UFO Disk Near Our Sun, But You Wont Hear It From NASA, Feb 2, 2017, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Feb 2, 2017 Location of sighting: Earths Sun Here is a great find by UFOnearSun of Youtube today. He found an actual alien craft that is orbiting our sun. The UFO size would be nearly that of the our moon if we made it flat. However the UFO may be closer to the SOHO sun satellite and it may only be several times bigger than our space station. Actual proof directly from NASA and SOHO gov agencies. Scott C. Waring Eyewitnesses states:
A huge "flying discs" - UFO flew to orbit our Sun - February 2, 2017 And, another important question that you should ask yourself and NASA ... If the Sun in a vacuum, then why in the images, you can see the shadow of the sun against the dark background of space ???
UFO Caught Over Neighborhood In Pittsburgh On Jan 31, 2017, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Caught Over Neighborhood In Pittsburgh On Jan 31, 2017, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: January 31, 2017 Location of sighting: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Source: MUFON Posted by:UFO Case Book This was found by UFO Case Book, its one of the most reliable and trustworthy sites on the net today. This video shows us only a few seconds of footage, but its all we need to see that its rotating slightly as it moves forward. The UFO has many several antenna like appendages sticking out. One on top, one on bottom and another two sticking out its front area. Many classic UFOs have been seen to have an arial antenna on top and some on the center bottom. The eyewitness says it was shaped like a dome...a disk. Nice catch. Scott C. Waring Eyewitness states:
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - 01-31-17 - I was taking my dog outside. I first noticed the object because it flew from over the field across my house. I had no idea what to think about the object when I first saw it, my only instinct was to get out my phone and start recording because it definitely wasn't something I had ever seen before. I first saw the object when it flew over the trees across from my house and flew quite quickly in a straight pattern over and away from my house. It was shaped like a dome with a slight point on top, and some type of string like appendage hanging from it. It was dark in color. My feelings on the object are quite mixed. I've always been on the fence as far as paranormal occurrences. But when I saw this thing I was just so intrigued, and I genuinely can't explain what this might be. I lost sight of object when it disappeared over the hills behind my house. There is a filter on the video I'm sending because I had put it on my Snapchat story.
Mars werd zeker 2 miljard jaar geteisterd door vulkaanuitbarstingen
Mars werd zeker 2 miljard jaar geteisterd door vulkaanuitbarstingen.
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Een meteoriet suggereert dat Mars enkele van de langstlevende vulkanen van ons zonnestelsel herbergt.
Ongeveer 1 miljoen jaar geleden vond er een enorme inslag plaats op Mars. Een object sloeg in op een vulkaan of met lava bedekte vlakte. Daarbij werden stenen de ruimte in geslingerd en een aantal daarvan landde op aarde.
Eén locatie Eén van die meteorieten werd vervolgens in 2012 ontdekt. Het is een vulkanisch gesteente dat geologen ook wel shergottiet noemen. Door de tijd heen zijn er elf van deze van Mars afkomstige meteorieten met dezelfde samenstelling ontdekt die ook nog eens allemaal op hetzelfde moment van Mars werden weggeslingerd. “We zien dat ze uit dezelfde vulkanische bron afkomstig zijn,” stelt onderzoeker Tom Lapen. “Aangezien ze ook op hetzelfde moment van Mars werden weggeslingerd, kunnen we concluderen dat ze van dezelfde locatie op Mars afkomstig zijn.”
Bovenaan dit artikel zie je een door de computer gegenereerde afbeelding van Olympic Mons: de grootste vulkaan die Mars rijk is. De vulkaan is ongeveer 25 kilometer hoog.
Ouder Samen kunnen deze meteorieten ons dan ook meer vertellen over een specifieke plek op Mars. Het zal je niet verbazen dat onderzoekers verschillende van deze meteorieten al bestudeerd hebben. Alle reeds bestudeerde shergottieten zijn echter tussen de 327 en 600 miljoen jaar oud. De in 2012 ontdekte meteoriet waar onderzoekers zich nu over hebben gebogen, is aanzienlijk ouder. Het stukje vulkanisch gesteente ontstond zo’n 2,4 miljard jaar geleden.
Langstlevend Deze meteoriet vertelt ons dan ook dat de vulkanische activiteit op Mars heel lang aanhield. Zeker 2 miljard jaar. Het zou betekenen dat enkele van de langstlevende vulkanen van ons zonnestelsel op de rode planeet te vinden zijn.
De onderzoekers doen hun studie in het blad Science Advances uit de doeken. De conclusies kunnen volgens hen meer inzicht geven in de evolutie van de planeet.
Pas ontdekte 'leegte in de ruimte' duwt ons sterrenstelsel weg
Pas ontdekte 'leegte in de ruimte' duwt ons sterrenstelsel weg
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Nieuw onderzoek toont aan dat er niet alleen aan de Melkweg getrokken wordt. Ons sterrenstelsel wordt ook geduwd.
Je bent je er waarschijnlijk niet zo van bewust, maar we zijn continu in beweging. Zo draait de aarde met een snelheid van zo’n 1600 kilometer per uur om haar as en met zo’n 100.000 kilometer per uur om de zon heen. Die zon draait weer met een snelheid van zo’n 850.000 kilometer per uur om het centrum van de Melkweg heen. Voel je jezelf al duizelig? Het wordt nog gekker. Want de Melkweg haast zich – samen met het Andromeda-stelsel – weer met een snelheid van zo’n 630 kilometer per seconde (2 miljoen kilometer per uur) door de ruimte.
Trekken Grote vraag is natuurlijk waarom de Melkweg – en het Andromedastelsel – zich zo snel door de ruimte bewegen. In eerste instantie dachten onderzoekers dat de Great Attractor de boosdoener was. Dit is een gebied dat zo’n 150 miljoen lichtjaar van de Melkweg verwijderd is en zo’n zes clusters van sterrenstelsels bevat. En die clusters zouden met hun enorme zwaartekracht aan de Melkweg trekken. Niet veel later wezen onderzoekers nog een andere boosdoener aan: de Shapley Concentration. Het ligt zo’n 600 miljoen lichtjaar voorbij de Great Attractor en bestaat uit meer dan 24 clusters. Het moge duidelijk zijn: er zijn enorme structuren in de ruimte die aan ons sterrenstelsel trekken.
Duwen Maar daarmee is het verhaal nog niet compleet, zo stellen onderzoekers nu in het blad Nature Astronomy. Want er wordt niet alleen aan de Melkweg getrokken. Ons sterrenstelsel wordt ook geduwd. En wel door een tot voor kort onbekend, groot, relatief leeg gebied. De onderzoekers hebben het de Dipole Repeller gedoopt.
Net zo belangrijk De onderzoekers bestudeerden hoe sterrenstelsels zich door de ruimte bewogen. “We ontdekten dat onze Melkweg zich weg haast van een grote, nog niet eerder geïdentificeerde regio met een lage dichtheid,” vertelt onderzoeker Yehuda Hoffman. “Omdat het gebied afstoot in plaats van aantrekt, hebben we het de Dipole Repeller genoemd. We worden dus niet alleen aangetrokken door de bekende Shapley Concentration, maar ook weggeduwd door de nieuw ontdekte Dipole Repeller. Blijkbaar zijn dit geduw en getrek allebei net zo belangrijk voor onze locatie.”
De Shapley Concentration/Shapley Attractor trekt onder meer aan de Lokale Groep (waartoe ook de Melkweg behoort). De Dipole Repeller stoot de Lokale Groep af. Afbeelding: Yehuda Hoffman, Daniel Pomarede, R. Brent Tully, and Helene Courtois Nature Astronomy 1, 0036 (2017).
Het is niet voor het eerst dat onderzoekers suggereren dat er een gebied met een lage dichtheid is die onze Melkweg wegduwt. Maar het bleek eerder lastig te zijn om de afwezigheid van sterrenstelsels in zo’n gebied aan te tonen. Dat is onderzoekers nu dus wel gelukt. De wetenschappers verwachten dat het in de toekomst met zeer gevoelige telescopen mogelijk moet zijn om de weinige sterrenstelsels die zich in de lege ruimte – die zij Dipole Repeller hebben genoemd – bevinden, waar te nemen. En daarmee zou het bestaan van deze afstotende leegte onomstotelijk bewezen zijn.
Sterren rond onze Melkwegschijf blijken groepsreizigers te zijn
Sterren rond onze Melkwegschijf blijken groepsreizigers te zijn
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Ze trekken in groepjes op, zo concluderen Groningse onderzoekers op basis van gegevens van Gaia. Het kan ons meer vertellen over het ontstaan van onze Melkweg.
Aangenomen wordt dat de Melkweg ontstaan is toen meerdere kleine sterrenstelsels fuseerden. Hoe die fusie er precies uitzag, weten astronomen niet. Om daar meer duidelijkheid over te krijgen, hebben onderzoekers nu sterren die zich in de halo van de Melkweg bevinden, bestudeerd. Deze sterren bewegen rond de Melkwegschijf.
Groepjes Het onderzoek wijst uit dat een groot deel van deze sterren in groepjes optrekt. “Dat duidt erop dat de sterren inderdaad afkomstig zijn van oude, kleine sterrenstelsels die zijn ingevangen door de Melkweg,” vertelt onderzoeker Amina Helmi. De onderzoekers denken dat er tientallen van deze groepjes zijn. “We zien nu vooral groepjes van enkele sterren samen bewegen, maar dat komt doordat we nog niet alle gegevens hebben,” legt Helmi uit.
Over Gaia De onderzoekers baseren hun conclusies onder meer op gegevens van Gaia. Deze satelliet – eigendom van de Europese ruimtevaartorganisatie – moet de snelheid, grootte, leeftijd en temperatuur van meer dan een miljard sterren in onze Melkweg vaststellen. De satelliet werd in 2013 gelanceerd en heeft al heel wat gegevens verzameld. Maar onderzoekers kunnen niet wachten tot Gaia met meer informatie over de brug komt. Zo hebben onderzoekers zich tijdens deze studie gericht op sterren in de halo van de Melkweg die zich op hun reis toevallig dicht bij de zon begeven. In de toekomst willen ze ook halosterren die verder van ons vandaan bewegen, bestuderen. “Met die gegevens kunnen we onze uitspraken over de vorming van de Melkweg verfijnen en de stamboom van de Melkweg reconstrueren,” vertelt Helmi.
Helmi en collega’s ontdekten tijdens hun studie niet alleen dat veel sterren in de halo van de Melkweg in groepjes optrekken. Ze stelden bovendien vast dat 70 procent van de sterren in de zogeheten buitenste halo tegen de richting van de Melkweg indraait. Dat percentage ligt veel hoger dan men op basis van modellen voorspelde. “Je kunt die sterren uit de buitenste halo vergelijken met forensen die spookrijdend naar de stad komen en in de stad blijven spookrijden. Ze bewegen tegengesteld aan de mensen die in de stad wonen.”
'Op de maan zijn sporen van aardse organismen te vinden'
'Op de maan zijn sporen van aardse organismen te vinden.
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Al miljarden jaren regent het regelmatig zuurstof op de maan. Die zuurstof is afkomstig van de aarde en waarschijnlijk gegenereerd in de biosfeer.
De zonnewind bombardeert de maan bijna continu. Alleen wanneer de aarde tussen de maan en de zon in staat, weet de maan zich beschermt tegen de zonnewind. Het magnetisch veld van de aarde buigt de zonnewind dan af.
Ionen Maar dat wil niet zeggen dat de maan dan helemaal niets te vrezen heeft. Want wanneer de aarde tussen de maan en de zon instaat kunnen ionen – afkomstig van de aarde – de maan bereiken. Eerder toonden onderzoekers al aan dat van de aarde afkomstige ionen van stikstof en andere edelgassen in die periode op de maan regenen. Nieuw onderzoek suggereert nu echter dat ook een ander belangrijk gas – zuurstof – zijn weg naar de maan weet te vinden op het moment dat de aarde tussen de maan en de zon in staat.
Zuurstof Dat schrijven Japanse onderzoekers in het blad Nature Astronomy. Ze baseren zich op waarnemingen van de Japanse maansonde Kaguya. Deze sonde verzamelde de betreffende gegevens toen deze – samen met de maan – door de aarde tegen de zonnewind beschermd werd. De gegevens tonen aan dat de maan – wanneer de aarde tussen de zon en de maan in staat – bekogeld wordt door zuurstofionen. Deze ionen komen dan terecht in een micrometer diepe laag maangrond.
Als de aarde tussen de zon en de maan in staat, weet de maan zich beschermd tegen de zonnewind, maar stromen ionen afkomstig van de aarde wel richting onze natuurlijke satelliet. Afbeelding: Osaka University / NASA.
WIST JE DAT…
…NASA onlangs de maan en de aarde vanaf Mars heeft gekiekt? Bekijk de prachtige foto hier!
Al een tijdje En dit hele proces speelt al een tijdje. Al sinds zuurstof in significante concentraties in de atmosfeer te vinden is. Dus al zo’n 2,5 miljard jaar. Nog fascinerender wordt het als je bedenkt dat het grootste deel van de zuurstof in de atmosfeer van de aarde gegenereerd wordt door aardse organismen. Het betekent dus dat de maan regelmatig ‘besmet’ wordt met door aardse wezens gegenereerde elementen.
Het onderzoek is interessant, omdat het suggereert dat we wellicht meer te weten kunnen komen over de aardse atmosfeer in vroeger tijden door de maangrond te bestuderen. Dat wil overigens niet zeggen dat we de geschiedenis van de aardse atmosfeer moeiteloos uit de maangrond kunnen aflezen. De onderzoekers benadrukken dat het lastig zal zijn om onderscheid te maken tussen de bijdragen die de zonnewind en de aarde – in de periode dat deze tussen de zon en de maan in staat – aan de maangrond levert.
Het is nog een overblijfsel van supercontinent Gondwana dat zo’n 200 miljoen jaar geleden uit elkaar begon te vallen.
Dat stelt een internationaal team van onderzoekers nadat ze mineralen bestudeerden in gesteenten die tijdens vulkanische erupties op Mauritius aan het oppervlak kwamen. Deze mineralen bleken eigenlijk veel te oud te zijn om tot het eiland te behoren.
EERDER ONDERZOEK
Het is niet voor het eerst dat onderzoekers miljarden jaren oude zirkonen aantreffen op Mauritius. Dat gebeurde in 2013 ook al eens. Maar dat onderzoek kon rekenen op felle kritiek. Onderzoekers stelden dat de mineralen wel eens door de wind naar het eiland konden zijn vervoerd of onbewust door mensen naar Mauritius waren meegenomen – bijvoorbeeld door aan schoenen of autobanden te blijven ‘plakken’. Dit onderzoek biedt echter geen ruimte voor twijfel. De oude zirkonen zijn dit keer namelijk aangetroffen in gesteente.
Oude mineralen “De aarde is opgebouwd uit twee onderdelen: continenten – die oud zijn – en oceanen – die ‘jong zijn’,” stelt onderzoeker Lewis Ashwal. “Op de continenten tref je gesteenten aan die meer dan vier miljard jaar oud zijn, maar zoiets vind je nergens in de oceanen aangezien daar nieuwe gesteenten worden gevormd (zie ook het filmpje hieronder, red.). Mauritius is een eiland en op het eiland zijn geen stenen te vinden die meer dan 9 miljoen jaar oud zijn. Maar tijdens het bestuderen van gesteenten op het eiland ontdekten we zirkonen die zo’n drie miljard jaar oud zijn.” Zirkonen zijn mineralen die heel precies gedateerd kunnen worden. “Het feit dat we zirkonen van deze leeftijd hebben aangetroffen, bewijst dat er veel ouder korstmateriaal onder Mauritius zit dat alleen afkomstig kan zijn van een continent.”
Afgebroken Maar wat is precies het verhaal van dit stukje korst? Het brak volgens de onderzoekers af van het eiland Madagaskar toen Afrika, India, Australië en Antarctica zich losmaakten van Gondwana en de Indische Oceaan ontstond. Het stukje korst werd vervolgens bedekt met jong lava tijdens vulkanische erupties (zie kader hieronder).
Mauritius is ontstaan door vulkaanuitbarstingen die zo’n 9 miljoen jaar geleden begonnen. Het eiland maakt deel uit van een keten van eilanden die allemaal het resultaat zijn van erupties. Deze keten ontstaat doordat de vulkaan (hotspot) – die zijn oorsprong vindt diep in de aarde – elke keer op een andere plek door de bewegende oceaanplaat ‘heenprikt’.
Mauritia De onderzoekers vermoeden dat het stukje korst onder Mauritius niet alleen is. Er zouden nog veel meer stukjes vergeten continent zijn die ze samen ‘Mauritia’ hebben gedoopt. Deze stukjes continent zouden zich over de Indische Oceaan hebben verspreid. “Volgens de nieuwe resultaten was er geen sprake van het op simpele wijze uiteenvallen van het supercontinent Gondwana. In plaats daarvan vond een complexe versplintering plaats waarbij fragmenten van continentale korst – van verschillende omvang – op drift raakten in het evoluerende Indische Oceaan-bekken.”
Het volledige onderzoek naar het vergeten stukje continent is terug te vinden in het blad Nature Communications.
Bronmateriaal:
""Lost continent" found under Mauritius" - Universiteit van de Witwatersrand De afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel is gemaakt door Susan Webb / Wits University.
Researchers have found evidence that the laws of physics are different for matter and antimatter, which contradicts the Standard Model of particle physics.
If confirmed, this research would force us to reevaluate our entire understanding of the physical world.
THE UNANSWERED QUESTION
The European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) works to help us better understand what comprises the fabric of our universe. At this French association, engineers and physicists use particle accelerators and detectors to gain insight into the fundamental properties of matter and the laws of nature. Now, CERN scientists may have found an answer to one of the most pressing mysteries in the Standard Model of Physics, and their research can be found in Nature Physics.
According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe began with the production of equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Since matter and antimatter cancel each other out, releasing light as they destroy each other, only a minuscule number of particles (mostly just radiation) should exist in the universe. But, clearly, we have more than just a few particles in our universe. So, what is the missing piece? Why is the amount of matter and the amount of antimatter so unbalanced?
The Standard Model of particle physics does account for a small percentage of this asymmetry, but the majority of the matter produced during the Big Bang remains unexplained. Noticing this serious gap in information, scientists theorized that the laws of physics are not the same for matter and antimatter (or particles and antiparticles). But how do they differ? Where do these laws separate?
This separation, known as charge-parity (CP) violation, has been seen in hadronic subatomic particles (mesons), but the particles in question are baryons. Finding evidence of CP violation in these particles would allow scientists to calculate the amount of matter in the universe, and answer the question of why we have an asymmetric universe. After decades of effort, the scientists at CERN think they’ve done just that.
Using a Large Hadron Collider (LHC) detector, CERN scientists were able to witness CP violation in baryon particles. When smashed together, the matter (Λb0) and antimatter (Λb0-bar) versions of the particles decayed into different components with a significant difference in the quantities of the matter and antimatter baryons. According to the team’s report, “The LHCb data revealed a significant level of asymmetries in those CP-violation-sensitive quantities for the Λb0 and Λb0-bar baryon decays, with differences in some cases as large as 20 percent.”
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
This discovery isn’t yet statistically significant enough to claim that it is definitive proof of a CP variation, but most believe that it is only a matter of time. “Particle physics results are dragged, kicking and screaming, out of the noise via careful statistical analysis; no discovery is complete until the chance of it being a fluke is below one in a million. This result isn’t there yet (it’s at about the one-in-a-thousand level),” says scientist Chris Lee. “The asymmetry will either be quickly strengthened or it will disappear entirely. However, given that the result for mesons is well and truly confirmed, it would be really strange for this result to turn out to be wrong.”
This borderline discovery is one huge leap forward in fully understanding what happened before, during, and after the Big Bang. While developments in physics like this may seem, from the outside, to be technical achievements exciting only to scientists, this new information could be the key to unlocking one of the biggest mysteries in modern physics. If the scientists at CERN are able to prove that matter and antimatter do, in fact, obey separate laws of physics, science as we know it would change and we’ll need to reevaluate our understanding of our physical world.
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Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
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