Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
05-02-2017
Filer’s Files #6 -2017 UFOs Are Entering Earth - PART I
Flying object captured over Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on January 31, 2017
Filer’s Files #6 -2017 UFOs Are Entering Earth - PART I
In special reports, this week’s files cover: French Minister of Defense UFOs Exist, Are UFOs Entering and Leaving Our Atmosphere, Peru – Crashed UFO Was Likely Shot Down
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia. Illinois, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Texas.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Bangladesh, Chile, Mexico, Romania, Sweden, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
George A. Filer III
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Www.nationalUFOcenter.com. Now receiving 3 million hits a month
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Robert Galley, French Minister of Defense states, “I must say that if listeners could see for themselves the mass of reports coming in from the airborne gendarmerie, from the mobile gendarmerie, and from the gendarmerie charged with the job of conducting investigations, all of which reports are forwarded by us to the National Center for Space Studies, then they would see that it is all pretty disturbing.
I believe that the attitude of spirit that we must vis-a-vis this phenomenon is an open one, that is to say that it doesn’t consist in denying a priori, as our ancestors of previous centuries did deny many things that seem nowadays perfectly elementary.” M. Robert Galley, French Minister of Defense, interviewed on radio by Jean-Claude Bourret, February 21, 1974.
Are UFOs Entering and Leaving Our Atmosphere
The Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite has been detecting Fast Walkers (UFOs) entering our atmosphere for decades. The DSP analyzes the temperature, location and trajectory of a hot infrared source could build up both a description of the type of missile as well as its target dramatically reducing the chances of a surprise ICBM attack. The satellite weighed about 2,000 pounds and had a 12-foot long Schmidt infrared telescope with a linear array of 2,048 lead sulfide detectors that detected infrared energy. The satellite rotated six times per minute as the sensor “scanned” the entire face of the Earth. The sensor provided below-the-horizon coverage by spotting the missile’s exhaust plume and carried sensors for detecting nuclear explosions in the atmosphere. The first DSP satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral on November 6, 1970, atop a Titan 3C rocket.
By late June 1973, the four DSP satellites in orbit had detected a total of 1,014 missile launches. They had proven quite successful and had relieved some of the tension that was always present during the Cold War. DSP also presented some surprises to its operators. The satellites began detecting infrared returns within and above the atmosphere that were entering and leaving the atmosphere. Some of these returns were caused by sunlight reflecting off the satellites or meteorites and these events were soon designated “Fast Walkers.” DSP satellites, which are operated by the Air Force Space Command, detect missile or spacecraft launches and nuclear explosions using sensors that detect the infrared emissions from these intense sources of heat. During Desert Storm, for example, DSP was able to detect the launches of Iraqi Scud missiles and provide timely warnings to civilians and military forces in Israel and Saudi Arabia.
Warrant Officer Joe Stefula reports, “Our DSP satellites track the launch of various missiles using various types of sensors but chiefly with Infrared sensors. In addition to the missiles the sensors also are able to pick up unidentified flying objects (UFOs) that are entering and leaving our atmosphere called Fast Walkers.” UFO buffs were able to correlate ground UFO reports with ascending and descending UFOs
Slower anomalous objects are referred to has Slow Walkers. The DSP satellite system once composed of 18 units in deep space orbit picks up several UFO intruders or “Fast Walkers” ascending and descending several times a day. Some military personnel claim 12 intruders are seen each day. AeroJet General engineer and MUFON member Ron Regehr, helped design the satellites picking up the intruders. Insiders report there is a great deal of excitement as the UFOs sometimes trigger the early warning system. Often they are referred to as Uncorrelated Targets indicating they are not in the computer data base for all known objects in space. Russia, China and the US will correlate and jointly chase certain UFOs.
Going back to the 1980’s, an obsolete SPACECOM publication titled “Uncorrelated Target Processing Handbook” contains additional information about UCT’s. In 1995, Dr. Armen Victorian and researcher Ray Fowler were told by the SPACECOM Public Affairs Office that the handbook was a 1st Command and Control Squadron (1CACS) publication used for space surveillance tasking and guidance. Fowler, in his 1991 book “The Watchers”, states:
“…the handbook states that the 1st Command and Control Squadron (1CACS) is responsible for processing all UO’s that are reported to Cheyenne Mountain Space Surveillance Center (SCC) from the worldwide Space Surveillance Network (SSN). This includes UCT’s.”
On April 18, 1989, Captain Thomas Niemann at the U.S. Space Command in Colorado Springs said those military facilities “routinely tracks 6,900 man-made objects in space”. Each day, he says, and average of ‘one or two’ objects enter the Earth’s atmosphere which do not correlate’ with any known object.The source for his comment is ‘The Rocky Mountain News’ (Denver, Colorado) dated April 23, 1989. In other words unidentified flying objects are tracked entering Earth’s atmosphere. This correlates with sightings reported by the public giving evidence of UFO operations.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) 1994 Project Report STK-221, titled, “Proceedings of the 1994 Space Surveillance Workshop, Volume 1” reads:
“….the observations on the object come into Space Defense Operations Center (SPADOC) as Uncorrelated Targets (UCTs)… …UCTs may also enter the system from objects which are new to the network. New satellites can arise in a number of ways, the most obvious being a newly launched satellite or from debris related to a launch. Other processing in SPADOC has specific responsibility for identifying these objects and cataloguing them as quickly as possible. But, on occasion, pieces of debris may be missed and this will eventually result in UCTs entering the system. Other sources of UCTs include maneuvers or orbital separations.”
In a 7th April, 1994 reply letter to Dr. Armen Victorian, SPACECOM stated:
Copies of any serious UCT event are sent to the Missions Systems Integration Board (MSIB). MSIB is composed of all NORAD and SPACECOM directorates, and senior level representatives from Naval Space Command, Army Space Command and Air Force Space Command.”
These are: Near Earth UCT’s and Deep Space UCT’s. The ‘Near Earth’ UCT’s are subsequently relegated into categories as well, being significant and nonsignificant, depending upon size and payload potential. All information relevant to ‘deep space’ UCTs are classified in the interest of National Security. A deep space object is not man-made and has an ‘extraterrestrial’ component to the UFO or UCT situation.
So, what are Uncorrelated Targets? And do they really have anything to do with the UFO phenomenon?
When a Space Surveillance Network (SSN) detection and tracking site discovers what could be new and/or uncatalogued object in space, it is first given the label “Unknown Observation” (UO). If routine attempts to identify the UO fail, it is quickly “tagged” as an “Uncorrelated Target” (UCT) and further attempts are made to associate it with a previously known object which has moved in space, wrongly tagged by the SSN system, or otherwise lost. Publically available information concerning these capabilities is remarkably myriad. For example, NASA’s 2008 “Handbook for Limiting Orbital Debris” states:
“Individual SSN sensors are normally tasked each day to track a tailored set of satellites, taking advantage of each sensor’s location and capabilities. If the sensor can correlate the observations with a catalogued satellite, the observations are tagged accordingly and are sent to
Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center (CMOC). If the observations cannot be associated with a known object, the observations are sent as Uncorrelated Targets (UCTs). Sometimes these UCTs can be correlated automatically with catalogued objects in Cheyenne Mountain, since the SCC database might have more accurate or more recent orbital data than the sensor. If no correlation is possible, the observations are retained as UCTs and can be compared with other UCTs at a later date by Space Control Center (SCC) analysts.”
Furthermore, UCT data is almost always classified SECRET. The STRATCOM “Dedicated SSN Sensors Security Classification Guide”, dated September 30th, 2005, states:
“Data collected on satellites with SECRET Element Sets is classified SECRET… … Signature data (e.g. Visual Magnitude Imagery, SOI) taken on deep space Uncorrelated Targets (UCTs) is classified SECRET and becomes UNCLASSIFIED if UCT data is correlated to an unclassified known object.”
Photo from US Satellite.
US State Department Cables WarnDo Not Discuss UFOs entering Earth orbit
Researcher Larry Bryant has identified one such cable dated from November of 2005 in which the US State Department specifically instructed US Embassy personnel in the Ukraine NOT discuss ‘UFOs entering Earth Orbit’, or concerns the Department of Defense has with such matters.
According to the contents of a U. S. State Department “cable” message recently acquired from the Wikileaks… huge cache of such official communications, certain State officials have warned their personnel to refrain from discussing (even among themselves) the reality that planet Earth apparently is being reconnoitered by alien spacecraft (aka UFOs). The document in question, dated Nov. 9, 2005, reportedly was sent to a diplomat at the U. S. embassy in Kiev, Ukraine, stating:
“It is critical all embassy staff understand that they are not to discuss under any circumstance concerns DOD [U. S. Department of Defense] has with UFOs entering orbit, once again the seriousness of this matter cannot be overstated.”
Hillary ClintonSecretary of State; in office January 21, 2009 – February 1, 2013 … This article is part of a series about Hillary Clinton claims she will look into the UFO situation if elected president.
Uncorrelated Target data is with only one special exception, classified SECRET. UCTs fall into four “categories”, which are: “Nonsignificant ”, “Significant”, “Critical” or “False”. Furthermore, UCTs fall into two “classifications”, which are either “Near Earth” or “Deep Space”. All UCT data is sent from the initial detecting and tracking site to STRATCOM J3 (Operations), the Joint Functional Component Center – Space (JFCC-S) and the Joint Space Operations Center (JSOC).
NORAD too receives UCT data to fulfill its “Integrated Tactical Warning and Attack Assessment” (ITW/AA) mission, which includes missile warning and target prediction. Some UCTs undergo a process known as “Space Object Identification” (SOI) whereby UCT data is processed with the aim of actually identifying the object. SOI includes the measuring of a UCTs reflective brightness, determining its radar cross section (RCS), and even eavesdropping on any transmission, if manmade. UCT processing focuses on bodies that are in orbit, or reaching orbit, or have ballistic trajectories expected of missile launches. Thus, UFO’s – if one considers the erratic and unpredictable manner they are said to behave – may be difficult for the SSN to verify or assess.
Or, the other possibility is that the SSN is far more adaptive and sensitive than what publicly available information says.
How do we know all this? We know, because it can be all found in military doctrine dating back thirty years. There is a tracking system with cooperation of many countries.
Tracking would not seem to be the final answer to protect earth from possible invaders. We can speculate that there is a system to fight off some alien forces. .
Reports from China, Russia, France, Italy, and Peru claim to have downed UFOs in their posseion.
Regulations, Instructions, Manuals, Directives, and Handbooks
There exist a number of NORAD, STRATCOM and old US Space Command (SPACECOM) publications which are of great interest. Unfortunately many are classified, and, thus, totally unrealizable, or, releasable only after heavy redaction.
The earliest publication we have on record that mentions UCT’s is an obsolete SPACECOM regulation titled “US 55-12 Space Surveillance Network (SSN) Operations”, dated 1st June, 1992. The version is heavily redacted, but nevertheless contains information essential to the study of possible UFO detection in space. At a hefty 191 pages and classified SECRET by “multiple sources”, UK researcher Dr. Armen Victorian, briefly wrote about its contents in 1996 after securing a copy. I talked to Armen several times but did not find is secret in obtaining data from the Defense intelligence community. The unclassified sections of “US 55-12 Space Surveillance Network (SSN) Operations” are, however, still of interest. The first page of states:
“This regulation provides policy and guidance for operations of the worldwide Space Surveillance Network (SSN). It applies to Headquarters US Space Command (HQ USSPACECOM); the component commands: Headquarters Air Force Space Command (AFSPACECOM), the Naval Space Command (NAVSPACECOM), and Army Space Command (USARSPACE); the Space Surveillance Centre (SSC), the Alternative Space Surveillance Centre (ASSC); and the SSN sensors…”
A 6-month summation of UCT reports has a massive listing of thousands of UCT detections on large computer paper that was about a hundred pages. The UCT reports occur very frequently, sometimes 12-times daily. The UCTs are picked up by both ground and orbiting radar sensors. The UCT listings give latitude and longitude coordinates all over the Earth. Many come in over the Poles and then move inland and apparently go to a series of bases.
The source for the enclosed list is “The Uncorrelated Target Processing Handbook” dated 16 February 1993. It is 24 pages long, signed by
Owen E. Jensen, Col, USAF – Commander, 73rd Space Group and edited by Captain G.L. Wilson. Agencies are likely to have closed down and re-activated under a different name since then for “duplicity purposes.” Detachment 1, 73d Space Group – San Vito dei Normanni AS, Italy
Tyndall, Florida, Ent AFB, Colorado
Detachment 2, 73d Space Group – RAF Feltwell, United Kingdom (shown)
These are: Near Earth UCT’s and Deep Space UCT’s. The ‘Near Earth’ UCT’s are subsequently relegated into categories as well, being SIGNIFICANT and NONSIGNIFICANT, depending upon size and payload potential.
Strangely, all information relevant to ‘DEEP SPACE’ UCTs are classified in the interest of National Security. Obviously a deep space UCT is not likely to be an enemy ICBM and is most likely an alien spaceship. Near Earth friendly UCTs are likely identified with an IFF system similar to our own separating friend from foe. A spaceship coming in from deep space could be a foe that would require warning or may even may be attacked by Earth’s Defense Forces.
There appears to be an increase in the number of UCTs entering our atmosphere. Remote viewers indicate there are about a dozen bases they have been able to detect on Colony Earth.
Several are also on our moon. The Earth is considered as the best world in this part of the solar system and can provide water, various types of food, minerals and entertainment. There is indication several nations have treaties providing various products in exchange for technical information to various aliens
For example Russia is ahead of the US in the space race. China and India have sent probes to the moon. National Security Action Memo No. 271 to the NASA Administrator James Webb, reveals there is “co-operation with USSR on UFOs and outer space matters” and is dated Nov 12th 1963!
There is also an indication of a space war with undesirable aliens who are expanding militarily and conquering various planets. We have several reports of alien spaceships shot down or seriously affected by our radars, weapons and Earth’s weather.
GEODSS atop the Haleakala crater, Hawaii
AN/FSQ-114 Ground-Based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) Units are:
Det. 1, 21st Operations Group, White Sands Missile Range, N.M.;
Det. 2, 21st Operations Group, Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean
Det. 3, 21st Operations Group, Maui, Hawaii. Mission: Space surveillance (shown)— to detect, track and identify more than 2,500 objects in deep-space orbits. Provides photometric space object identification. Aperture opening: 40 inches Range: 3,000 miles to greater than 22,000 miles.
Editor’s Note – Uncorrelated targets coming into and leaving the atmosphere are picked up 2 to12 times a day. Correlated targets are various types of space junk tracked and kept in Air Force computers while uncorrelated targets are unknowns. Our Earth is an oasis in space and UFOs likely stop for resupply, relaxation and recreation. As part of an ongoing initiative to transform the U.S. military, on June 26, 2002, Secretary of DefenseDonald Rumsfeld announced that U.S. Space Command would merge with USSTRATCOM.
Peru – Crashed UFO Was Likely Shot Down
Marine Corps Lance Corporal John Weygandt, who was part of the Disclosure Project, was sent to Peru in March 1997, to provide perimeter security for a radar installation that he was told tracked drug traffic aircraft in Peru and Bolivia. He states, “About midnight, while I was on guard duty, Sergeant Allen and Sergeant Atkinson told me, an aircraft crashed and they need us to go and secure the crash site.” Early that morning we drove six Hummers close to the crash site just when it started to get light. Well, we found the area real easy because there was a huge gash in the land where something had crashed. Everything was burned and it was like something had almost cut warm butter with a knife. It was like something on fire or had some kind of energy like a laser had cut it. It was really strange. I was in the front with Sergeant Allen and Sergeant Atkinson and we were ten or twenty meters ahead of everyone else. We were the first ones to see this thing. It had gone up the hill and then off in the side of the ravine and ridge. This was a 200-foot ridge, of solid rock. A huge craft was buried at a 45-degree angle in the side of the cliff there at the ridge. It was straight up and down.
The craft was dripping a greenish-purple syrup-like liquid. The liquid was everywhere and fluctuated like it was alive and changing to a different shade of greenish purple. The craft was humming like a bass guitar and had a slowly turning light. Most of the craft seemed buried into the cliff but vents, like a fish gill were on the back. The liquid got on my clothes and ate holes in them and burned off some the hair on my arms. There were three holes in the ship that may have been hatches that were not flush with the main body of the craft. There was another hatch the same width and diameter of the top hatch and it was kind of crooked to the side and it was half open. I didn’t see any lights or anything coming out of it but I felt this… presence. It is real strange. I think the creatures calmed me. It was weird and I think they were trying to communicate with me, telepathically. The Corporal estimated the craft was ten meters in width and about 20 meters in length and shaped like something between an egg and a teardrop. The skin of the craft had bumps and notches and appendages on it. It was really organic and almost like art. It looked like something that could be made in a shop. It looked like it could have been handmade but out of what materials I do not know. It was definitely nothing like titanium. It looked like metal but there was no reflection. The sun was shining on it and I could see the different shades of the craft and it didn’t reflect anything. Suddenly the Sergeants were yelling at me to get the hell out of there.
After we climbed back up, the Department of Energy people were there. I was arrested and cuffed, both hands down. I had all my gear taken from me by men in black cammies who threatened me and subdued me and put me on a cot. They had no name tags. At the crash site there were about thirty of these guys wearing hazard suits.
Patriot Missile
I had been told aircraft were flying in and out of the atmosphere at mach ten plus. When you have objects that reenter the atmosphere and then stop on a dime and then turn around and go exactly the opposite direction – that is kind of strange. Meteors don’t do that. The craft was not from Earth. I knew that when I looked at it. I wondered if those facilities were built for the intent to track UFO’s and their cover was to track drug aircraft. They had laser range finders and all kinds of high tech stuff that I have never seen before. I couldn’t really explain it.
They [the laser range finders] that looked like big telescopes and some sort of Command Center manned by a multi –national force. So these craft were tracked from this particular radar and were logged. I’m confident that when I saw the aircraft, it had been hit by something. Perhaps by a Patriot Missile System or laser weapons. Something had taken it out.
Editor’s Note: Corporal Weygandt described a craft damaged by enemy action, either ours or an opposing alien force. His testimony on Page 274 of “Disclosure: Witnesses Reveal the Greatest Secrets” by Steven Greer M.D. is excellent and indicates lethal deadly force was being used against alien intruders during the Clinton Administration. We can assume this war continues.
Mars Cylinders
Using Google to check out mars, I noticed these two rectangular objects located on mars that should not be there.
One is 3.5 miles long and one mile wide by Google measure they are located at 41*33’44.02″ north and 22*22’06.86″ west.
Both objects are sitting next to a crater. Picture is provided from Google earth. Just an observation.
0
1
2
3
4
5
- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:FILER FILES - overzicht met foto's met dank aan Georges Filer en WWW.nationalUFOCenter.com (ENG)
Filer’s Files #6 -2017 UFOs Are Entering Earth - PART II
Filer’s Files #6 -2017 UFOs Are Entering Earth - PART II
UFO Sightings in the United States
Arizona
Kingman — we been watching this object coming from the south for several months.
On January 1, 2017, it looks like a planet then it looks like we don’t know what it is with multiple bright lights. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Arkansas Disc
Dollywood — I was in the USAF and assigned to SAC. I worked directly with B-52s with a security clearance. While I sat on the runways waiting for my Bombers to come down I have seen hundreds of planes in flight and maneuvering. I was driving to Dollywood with my sister, mother and daughter who were asleep at the time. In my windshield I noticed an object in the sky at about a 45 degree angle that I assumed it was a plane. I looked back a few minutes later and it appeared to be in the same position. I decided it was unknown and a UFO, I hollered at my sister and told her to look up and give me the camera. At this time it went from 0 to fast quick and in a hurry. First it moved 90 degrees up, and out of sight. I did manage to snap only one picture. My sister still remembers me shouting to look. I tinted and enlarged the object and low and behold it’s a regular ole round Flying Saucer so I am now providing pictures. Thanks to MUFON CMS
California Object
Fountain Valley — I went outside in the backyard to smoke a cigarette ON January 26, 2017.
I immediately saw weird looking lights so I grabbed my phone from my jacket pocket and started filming it.
This time I have the original unedited video which I am submitting, sorry about the audio I was talking to myself.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Florida Lights
Bradenton – My friend and I were sitting in my car in my driveway on January 29, 2017, and she said, it was a yellow orb orangish yellow orb with fire flaming off the top. It came up between the two houses from the top of the trees and continued to go up.
I own drones and I have no drone and it says it in the video that could fly as high as this thing went it went so high it looked like a star and then it disappeared into the clouds.
It never flickered like a star and it did not stay in one area it was a constant ascending but the flame at the top was flickering red flame.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Georgia Light
Woodstock— I saw this over downtown on January 24, 2017, at 6.30 PM. The object had red and green lights flashing with a bright white light?
Note: In the video the object appears to be white and is flashing. The witness saw red and green flashing lights. The object hovered for over a minute, began moving and then dropped from the sky. An aircraft was heard overhead towards the end of the video. It is obvious that the video was taken with a cell phone. This is a strange video and I don’t have an explanation? Thanks to William Puckett, Director Http://www.UFOsnw.com
Illinois Sightings
Edinburg— I watched a UFO show on TV the other night where an air plane pilot had crashed but his body was not in the cockpit. He had spotted a UFO before that so it was very interesting. You know my visitors are still around as on January 24, 2017 at 6:32 pm.
I show them to others out here, but, they say they don’t see anything or we don’t believe in that stuff. Lately every once in awhile early morning, you can hear this loud noise flying slowly over the house. I have never heard the loud noise before. I look out the window but there isn’t anything there. It’s weird noise unlike helicopters or planes. Whatever it is they will land in the field across from my house. These things follow me so lately so I look out my window and don’t sleep until daylight. Take Care, Pam Stark
Maryland Light
Ocean City — I was up early on a Sunday morning and headed out for my morning cup of coffee on January 29, 2017. I live two blocks from the beach. As I headed out I noticed a beautiful sunrise, and walked to the beach to take some pictures to post on Facebook, and Instagram. I took all the pictures in less than a minute, at 7:20 am. I took my photos from 7-11 and went home. I looked at the photos for the first time, and noticed the strange object in my pictures. I had not noticed it while taking the pictures. I find the path of movement in a line to be very compelling. The forth picture was taken facing a different direction, without the pier in the picture. I’m interested in hearing what professionals believe are in the photos Thanks to MUFON CMS
Editors Note: It is likely the object in the photo is a sun’s reflection on the lens.
Nevada Sphere
Las Vegas— On January 14, 2017 around 4:05 PM, I decided to take some photos of the setting sun which just had started breaking through the clouds near the snow-capped mountains. I took three pictures with my android phone near Fort Apache and Blue Diamond Roads. The next day I opened one of the photos to show a friend and noticed a strange grey-tinted circular shaped image in my photo. The image is grey-ish and does have a pale curved cross indication on it when zoomed in closer. I am not able to judge distance to the object. None of us had ever seen anything like it.
One of the other photos has the circular shaped orb image in the distance. The image on the photos is not a dust spot as it moves in each photo. Thanks to MUFON CMS
New York Light
Howard Beach – I was driving with my dog late night coming back home when suddenly in front of my car appeared a ball of light about 300 feet away. This object can manipulate light as if it were in some invisible bubble. In the middle of this bubble was a sphere. The sphere itself was like a bluish ball of plasma that was emitting light. But the whole bubble of light was very dim. Two young guys noticed it and started hollering at the ball of light and yelled out, ” Wow did you just see that light?”. The light around this object grew and then shrunk, about 6-8 times before disappearing. Since then I had five more sightings. When I looked directly into the sphere, it stopped growing and got smaller and it just stayed there.
My ex girlfriend told me about being abducted. She said she had a personal experience with the tall grays. My new girl friend also has had experiences with ET’s. Extraterrestrials are real! Thanks to MUFON CMS
North Carolina Lights
Jacksonville — These are photos taken from separate trail cameras on January 24, 2017.
I have set up cameras at different locations on my property. My wife did spotted three glowing lights in the northern sky the night before I retrieved these from my cams.
There may or may not be any correlation between her seeing lights and the pictures my trail cams captured.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Oregon Light
Beaverton, January 23, 2017 I saw a light emanating from a subject for about two minutes. Then it moved back and then disappeared.
Note: The video suggests that the object could have been a helicopter. However, the witness heard no sound and no sound was present on the video.
The video appears to have been taken with a cell phone.
Thanks to William Puckett, Director Http://www.UFOsnw.com
Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh– I was taking my dog outside. I first noticed the object because it flew from over the field across my house. I had no idea what to think about the object when I first saw it, my only instinct was to get out my phone and start recording because it definitely wasn’t something I had ever seen before. I first saw the object when it flew over the trees across from my house and flew quite quickly in a straight pattern over and away from my house. It was shaped like a dome with a slight point on top, and some type of string like appendage hanging from it. It was dark in color. My feelings on the object are quite mixed. I’ve always been on the fence as far as paranormal occurances. But when I saw this thing I was just so intrigued, and I genuinely can’t explain what this might be. I lost sight of object when it disappeared over the hills behind my house. There is a filter on the video I’m sending because I had put it on my Snapchat story.
South Carolina Light
Piedmont— I was driving home from work in the evening on January 25, 2017, and I noticed what appeared to be an airplane in the sky but it didn’t seem to be moving.
When I got home I tried recording the steady light on my phone but it looked like a light spec.
So I got my digital camera and zoomed in as close as I could. The white light was no longer white. It was like green and purple and only light, no actual object. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Texas Lights
Houston — My sister called me and told me to go outside because there were some weird lights in the sky on January 27, 2017. My mom and sister were both inside the car so I got inside. They pointed to the lights that was moving to one side and then it disappeared. Then it appeared again and it moved towards another light and they circled together for a couple of seconds. The lights were randomly appearing and moving for around 10 minutes. At one point the light was moving up and there were five lights blinking one after the other. The lights kept moving in weird way, which made me think of a UFO. I’m going to include a 18 second video and see if you can determine if they were UFOs. After around 10 minutes the lights stopped appearing. I went inside after and looked over the videos I took Thanks to MUFON CMS
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Disc
Grafton— My partner was videoing me on a practice bull ride on January 19, 2017, like I do every week before a rodeo. It wasn’t until playing back the video watching my ride a few times over a week, that I noticed these flying objects. I thought earlier were big birds, are definitely an object that fits the description of a ufo, not a bird! My partner and I have played the video back several times to see the ships in the sky! My mother and other family members are also gob smacked with what they can see on the video! Before noticing them as UFO’s, I didn’t feel any different than any other dayI feel a presence of something definitely out there, and am watching over my shoulder! It was only by chance, of my video, that I discovered the flying objects that were so quick, faster than the speed of light with some movements, like they disappear. I have now picked up maybe 6 or 7. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Bangladesh Cylinder
Habiganj — I was inside a watch tower of a wildlife sanctuary to photograph birds when my friend using his cell phone told me there was something in the east as the sun was rising. He helped by pointing it out and I saw a falling vibrating leaf. It was vibrating like something else. A few months ago I also saw the same thing from the same place. I was not able to focus but shot the falling path of that object was not straight down. It was falling from upper right corner to the lower left corner. I was able to see it for 8-10 seconds, but didn’t get a chance to focus. I asked my friend for more details. He first thought it was a coin shaped star but suddenly it moves by itself for a little and stops. Honorable MUFON authority, maybe I am not allowed to request here in my description but this is my second time sending you my sightings. You can see something in these photos of what is continuously happening with me. I need some experts advice. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Chilean Navy Release
Jan 8, 2017 – A nine-minute Navy video of a UFO displaying highly unusual behavior and … The CEFAA, a Chilean government agency which investigates UFOs, …
Mexico Light
Oaxaca De Juarez — We were having dinner at the New Year celebration on January 1, 2017, when my mother called us alarmed, We saw the courtyard lit in pink just like it was a sunset, we thought it was an artificial light.
We were scared by the gas tank, and when we left we saw a flying saucer over our house at not less than 250 feet. We got the camera which is a Reflex Canon that records hd.. video.
Take the following videos, we dont believe this yet but we know what we saw.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Romania Disc
I’m living in Romania and some parts of our country particularly in the mountains have really strange stories about extraterrestrial activities! The Carpathian Mountains are near the cities. Busteni and Azuga have a secret army base.
But the reason why I write to you is that couple years ago during a summer camp with kids on June 29, 2012, up in the mountains not so far from the mentioned area I was taking random pictures. When I get home I started to erase the bad pictures and I got to the picture I’m talking about. I realize that I take a picture of something which I didn’t see. I sent my picture to the Romanian UFO Society and they said that I was taking a photo of a UFO but they didn’t have the technical support to clear the picture! They forwarded my picture to a German society but they never answered back! I would like to ask u if u can to clear this picture and to explain to me what I have seen there! Thanks to MUFON CMS
A mysterious UFO-shaped cloud baffled skiers when it appeared in the sky over Sweden. The bizarre cloud floated in the sky over ski resorts Åre and Duved on Thursday, prompting some to speculate that Martians had arrived for a day on the slopes. Many rushed to take pictures of the unusual phenomenon and posted them on social media. “I thought it was pretty cool,” one of them, Elvira Kuper, told broadcaster SVT.
Experts explained it was a so-called lenticular cloud, which forms over mountain peaks when the air is forced to rise as it hits the hillside. As it cools it condenses into a cloud. Thanks to their peculiar shape, they are often mistaken for UFOs.
Norwich– My girlfriend and I were laying in bed between 11-12 PM, when an extremely loud vibration noise startled us. We opened the window to look outside, when suddenly a huge black triangle moved directly over the top of the house at an extremely low altitude on June 30, 2015. The lights along with the black underneath of the craft, made a perfect triangle shape. The craft appeared solid due to it blotting out the stars. The lights were completely static, with a larger dim white light at the centre of the craft. We both observed the object as it slowly drifted off into the distance until it was out of sight.
Upon seeing the craft I knew it was not a conventional aircraft due to the extremely slow speed, along with the steady unblinking lights. We both left shaken. A craft of that size flying at such a low altitude over a populated area seemed strange so it could be a secret military aircraft such as the TR-3B. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Support Earth Changing Research
Please Help
Sending you these files and keeping up a website is expensive; we are just trying to break even. I have macular degeneration of my eyes so have trouble editing these files and need to hire more help.A donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.
Our research is uncovering amazing truths by solving challenging projects deemed too difficult by other firms. We have had some success in finding missing persons. We could use your help in getting more results from our research. I have put together a DVD of the last seventeen years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings. Additionally, I have decided to include my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.
Have been digging through the giant DVD you sent recently. As a relatively recent joiner, I was unaware of the years’ worth of consistent reports of the same types of objects all over. This has been very educational. Just wanted to thank you for all you’ve done. Bruce W. Freeman Attorney at Law
Sign me up right now for Filer’s Files.
I have put together a DVD of the last seventeen years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings that will explain the phenomena and the importance to your life and your family. Additionally, I have included my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address. Please use this link to receive this offer.
JOIN MUFON!
Become a MUFON member today! Benefits of membership include a subscription to the monthly UFO Journal that contains current investigations, sightings reports, articles by world-renowned researchers and more. To join now, click here JOIN NOW
0
1
2
3
4
5
- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:FILER FILES - overzicht met foto's met dank aan Georges Filer en WWW.nationalUFOCenter.com (ENG)
Humanoid Robots to Flying Cars: 10 Coolest DARPA Projects
Humanoid Robots to Flying Cars: 10 Coolest DARPA Projects
By Denise Chow, Staff Writer
Credit: DARPA
INTRO : The way of the future
The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, has a reputation for working on some of the most cutting-edge, futuristic projects — many that could easily be mistaken for science fiction. The agency, which falls under the watch of the U.S. Department of Defense, is responsible for developing new technologies for the military.
From humanoid robots to flying armored cars, here are 10 of the coolest DARPA projects.
1. WildCat and BigDog
As their names suggest, WildCat and BigDog are four-legged, headless robots designed to walk, run and carry heavy loads through potentially dangerous terrain, much like deployed troops. DARPA awarded contracts to Boston Dynamics to develop WildCat and BigDog for use by the military.
BigDog, created in 2005, is 3 feet (0.91 meters) long, and stands 2.5 feet (0.76 m) tall. The robot, which is roughly the size of a small mule, is capable of hauling 400 pounds (181 kg) of cargo, and can navigate difficult terrain and inclines up to 35 degrees.
WildCat, however, is quicker and more agile. The robot can gallop up to 16 mph (25 km/h) on flat surfaces, and is part of a DARPA mission to develop robots that can assist human soldiers on a variety of ground missions.
Sometimes life imitates art, as is the case with DARPA's project to develop interfaces that enable soldiers to control and partner with semi-autonomous bipedal machines that, "act as the soldier's surrogate." Sound familiar? Hollywood director James Cameron explored the idea in his 2009 blockbuster hit "Avatar."
In its 2013 budget, DARPA allocated $7 million to its "Avatar Project," which could enable soldiers to control surrogate robots in dangerous combat situations.
Credit: DARPA
3. Excalibur
To reduce the amount of "collateral damage" in war, particularly during battles fought in urban settings, DARPA is developing laser weapons that are small and efficient enough to be used in combat. These experimental laser weapons will be 10 times lighter than existing high-power laser systems currently in use, DARPA officials have said.
The lasers, developed for airplanes, may also be used for laser communications, target designation and airborne self-protection, agency officials added.
Credit: DARPA
4. Falcon Project
DARPA's Falcon Project was announced in 2003 as a joint program with the U.S. Air Force. The project aimed to develop a reusable, unmanned, rapid-strike hypersonic vehicle.
A prototype Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 (HTV-2) first flew in April 2010 and again in August 2011. The ultra-fast, arrow-shaped drone flew at blistering hypersonic speeds of Mach 20 (about 20 times the speed of sound), more than 22 times faster than commercial jetliners. During the flight, surface temperatures on the vehicle reached 3,500 degrees Fahrenheit (1,930 degrees Celsius), which is hotter than a blast furnace capable of melting steel.
During both test flights, operators lost contact with the HTV-2 prototypes. In July 2013, DARPA confirmed it would not conduct a third flight of the HTV-2, but research on the project will continue until summer 2014 to gain better understanding of hypersonic flight.
Credit: DARPA
5. Transformer
Imagine a militarized version of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. This is the thrust of DARPA's Transformer project, which aims to develop a flying armored car. The four-person vehicle will be able to drive normally but also take to the skies to avoid road obstructions or other threats on the ground.
The vehicle is being designed to take off and land from the vertical position, and will be able to fly up to 250 nautical miles on a single tank of fuel. Eventually, these flying tanks may be used for strikes, raids, counterinsurgency operations, reconnaissance, medical evacuation and supply missions.
Credit: DARPA
6. Atlas
DARPA's Atlas project was revealed to the public on July 11, 2013. The bipedal humanoid robot stands 6-feet tall (1.8 m), and is designed to assist with a range of emergency services, including search and rescue operations. The U.S. Department of Defense is not interested in using the Atlas robot in combat situations, officials have said.
Atlas was developed by Boston Dynamics and was based on some of the company's earlier robot creations.
Credit: DARPA
7. Navigation chip
Advances in GPS technology revolutionized tracking and navigation, but what about areas where GPS is unavailable, or the signals are interrupted? To help soldiers find their way around areas of GPS blackout, DARPA researchers are developing a tiny navigation chip that is smaller than a penny.
The so-called timing & inertial measurement unit (TIMU) chip incorporates three gyroscopes, three accelerometers and a highly accurate master clock into a single miniaturized system that can provide precise information for navigation, including orientation, acceleration and time.
DARPA officials have said the navigation chips will not replace GPS, but rather are designed to work when GPS is unavailable or doesn't work.
Credit: Boeing
8. X-37
The Boeing-built X-37 reusable space plane started as a NASA project in 1999, but was eventually transferred to DARPA in 2004 before the Air Force took control of the project two years later.
The unmanned X-37 Orbital Test Vehicle, which resembles a miniaturized version of the space shuttle, rides into orbit atop a rocket and returns to Earth and lands as a space plane. The X-37 launched on its first orbital mission in April 2010.
Previously, DARPA reported it was developing the X-37 to rendezvous and refuel older satellites or perform minor repairs in space using a robotic arm. Speculation mounted, however, that the X-37 was being used by DARPA and the Air Force as a vehicle for space-based weapons. In 2010, a high-ranking Air Force official involved with the project dismissed the rumors, and stressed that the X-37's main purpose is to test space technology.
Credit: PNAS, 2013
9. Brain-Machine interfaces
Imagine if your brain could communicate with an external device, such as a thought-controlled mechanical arm or a device to restore sight. DARPA researchers are investigating potential communication pathways between the human brain and machines to build, assist, augment or repair human cognitive or sensory-motor functions.
Research on these so-called brain-machine interfaces began in the 1970s, and work by DARPA researchers is focused on neuroprosthetics that aim to restore damaged sight, hearing and movement. One of DARPA's brain-machine interface projects is Proto2, a thought-controlled prosthetic arm. Proto2 consists of a dexterous hand and fingers that can perform 25 joint motions.
Credit: DARPA
10. Microscale pumps
DARPA-funded researchers created the world's smallest vacuum pump system that can be used for any electronics or sensors that require a vacuum. In 2008, DARPA's Chip-Scale Vacuum Micro Pumps (CSVMP) program set out to develop the smallest, most power-efficient pumps ever created.
The vacuum pumps could be used to build tiny chemical sensors, such as ultra-sensitive gas analyzers to detect chemical or biological attacks, or to design new sensors or instruments for micro-drones. The penny-size vacuum pumps were created by researchers at the University of Michigan, MIT and Honeywell International.
NASA Jupiter Probe Makes 4th Flyby of Giant Planet
NASA Jupiter Probe Makes 4th Flyby of Giant Planet
By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer
.
NASA's Juno spacecraft has flown by Jupiter for the fourth time.
Juno skimmed about 2,670 miles (4,300 kilometers) above Jupiter's cloud tops at 7:57 a.m. EST (1257 GMT) this morning (Feb. 2), zooming by at 129,000 mph (208,000 km/h) relative to the giant planet, NASA officials said.
All eight of Juno's science instruments were on and collecting data during the flyby if all went according to plan, they added.
This false-color view of Jupiter's polar haze was created by citizen scientist Gerald Eichstädt using data from the JunoCam instrument on NASA's Juno spacecraft. The image was taken on Dec. 11, 2016, when the spacecraft was 285,000 miles (459,000 kilometers) from Jupiter.
Juno launched in August 2011, on a $1.1 billion mission to learn more about Jupiter's composition, magnetic field and interior structure, including whether or not the gas giant harbors a solid core. The probe arrived at Jupiter on July 4, 2016.
Juno is in a highly elliptical orbit that brings it close to the gas giant just once every 53 days. Most mission-relevant data is gathered during these flybys, the previous three of which occurred last August, October and December.
Though mission scientists are still analyzing the information collected during these previous encounters, they have already learned some interesting things.
"Revelations include that Jupiter's magnetic fields and aurora are bigger and more powerful than originally thought and that the belts and zones that give the gas giant's cloud top its distinctive look extend deep into the planet's interior," NASA officials wrote in a statement today. "Peer-reviewed papers with more in-depth science results from Juno's first three flybys are expected to be published within the next few months."
Juno was originally supposed to shift into a 14-day orbit in October, but an issue with engine valves caused mission controllers to call off a planned thruster firing that would have made that happen. The Juno team is still investigating the possibility of moving the probe onto a shorter orbital path, NASA officials said.
Juno's mission is scheduled to end in February 2018 with an intentional death plunge into Jupiter's thick atmosphere.
'Overly Optimistic'? NASA's 2020 Mars Rover Faces Challenges
'Overly Optimistic'? NASA's 2020 Mars Rover Faces Challenges
By Leonard David, Space.com's Space Insider Columnist
An independent review has identified several areas of concern in the development of NASA's next Mars rover, which the space agency aims to launch in July 2020.
The technologies required for the 2020 Mars rover mission's sample-collecting system appear to be relatively immature, for example, and five of the robot's seven science instruments feature a "condensed development schedule," said a new report by NASA's Office of Inspector General (OIG).
These and several other issues may affect Mars 2020 project managers' ability to achieve the mission's technical objectives, meet project milestones (such as the intended launch date) and control costs, said the OIG report, which was published Monday (Jan. 30). [NASA's Mars Rover 2020 Mission in Pictures (Gallery)]
The OIG conducts objective oversight of NASA programs and operations and independently reports its findings to the space agency's administrator, Congress and the public.
"Overly optimistic" project?
As noted in the OIG document, since 1964, NASA has spent more than $21 billion on missions exploring Mars, including four robotic rovers on the Martian surface, five static landers and numerous orbiters.
Mars 2020 is NASA's next big Red Planet surface mission. The $2.4 billion robot's body is heavily based on the Curiosity rover, which has been exploring Mars since August 2012. The new mission aims to hunt for signs of past Red Planet life and collect and store samples that will be retrieved by a future mission, among other goals.
Mars 2020 has several schedule-related issues that could indicate the project is "overly optimistic," the new report said. The largest risk is the rover's sample and caching subsystem, according to the document.
Three of the sampling system's critical technologies were below technology-readiness level (TRL) 6 at the mission's preliminary design review (PDR) in February 2016 — meaning their prototypes "had not yet demonstrated the capability to perform all the functions required," the report's authors wrote.
"The immaturity of the critical technologies related to the sampling system is concerning, because, according to Mars 2020 project managers, the sampling system is the rover's most complex new development component, with delays likely to eat into the project's schedule reserve, and in the worst-case scenario, [they] could delay launch," the report added. "As of December 2016, the project was tracking the risk that the sampling system may not be ready for integration and testing — the period when a spacecraft is built, undergoes final testing and is prepared for launch — in May 2019, as planned."
Several other challenges confront Mars 2020 project managers, the OIG document reported.
Among these are "late delivery of actuators (the components responsible for moving and controlling parts and instruments on the rover); foregoing an engineering model of the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE) designed to assess the feasibility of producing oxygen on Mars as a cost-savings measure; ensuring the rover does not exceed its designed mass limit of 1,050 kilograms [2,315 lbs.]; and addressing foreign-partner funding issues that may affect their ability to timely deliver components to the project."
Overall, five of the 2020 rover mission's seven identified "critical technologies" were not at the recommended TRL 6 by the time of PDR in February 2016, according to the OIG report. But the document notes that, by December 2016, Mars 2020 project personnel were showing all seven technologies as having reached TRL 6.
Mass monitoring
The OIG also noted that the Mars 2020 team is redesigning the new rover's wheels in an attempt to protect against the wear and tear that Curiosity has experienced during its 4.5 years on the Red Planet.
Mars 2020's wheels will be twice as thick as Curiosity's and add 22 lbs. (10 kg) of mass to the new rover. Mars 2020 engineers are also considering making software changes to improve the rover's ability to match wheel drive with the Red Planet terrain, the new report said.
Although project managers do not foresee further mass growth of the Mars 2020 rover, they are monitoring the mass and volume of the turret at the end of the six-wheeled robot's arm, the OIG report stated. If necessary, additional steps can be taken to keep the rover's mass below 2,315 lbs. (1,050 kg). These steps could include removing a proposed helicopter technology demonstration from the mission. (This minicopter would fly ahead of the rover, helping to scout out optimal driving routes and spots of scientific interest on the Martian surface, according to the OIG report.)
Planned actions
NASA is taking measures to address the issues raised by the report, OIG officials said.
"We provided a draft of this report to NASA management, who concurred with our recommendations and described planned actions to address them," the OIG report stated.
Leonard David is author of "Mars: Our Future on the Red Planet," published by National Geographic. The book is a companion to the National Geographic Channel series "Mars." A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Originally published on Space.com.
'Overly Optimistic'? NASA's 2020 Mars Rover Faces Challenges
'Overly Optimistic'? NASA's 2020 Mars Rover Faces Challenges
By Leonard David, Space.com's Space Insider Columnist
An independent review has identified several areas of concern in the development of NASA's next Mars rover, which the space agency aims to launch in July 2020.
The technologies required for the 2020 Mars rover mission's sample-collecting system appear to be relatively immature, for example, and five of the robot's seven science instruments feature a "condensed development schedule," said a new report by NASA's Office of Inspector General (OIG).
These and several other issues may affect Mars 2020 project managers' ability to achieve the mission's technical objectives, meet project milestones (such as the intended launch date) and control costs, said the OIG report, which was published Monday (Jan. 30). [NASA's Mars Rover 2020 Mission in Pictures (Gallery)]
The OIG conducts objective oversight of NASA programs and operations and independently reports its findings to the space agency's administrator, Congress and the public.
"Overly optimistic" project?
As noted in the OIG document, since 1964, NASA has spent more than $21 billion on missions exploring Mars, including four robotic rovers on the Martian surface, five static landers and numerous orbiters.
Mars 2020 is NASA's next big Red Planet surface mission. The $2.4 billion robot's body is heavily based on the Curiosity rover, which has been exploring Mars since August 2012. The new mission aims to hunt for signs of past Red Planet life and collect and store samples that will be retrieved by a future mission, among other goals.
Mars 2020 has several schedule-related issues that could indicate the project is "overly optimistic," the new report said. The largest risk is the rover's sample and caching subsystem, according to the document.
Three of the sampling system's critical technologies were below technology-readiness level (TRL) 6 at the mission's preliminary design review (PDR) in February 2016 — meaning their prototypes "had not yet demonstrated the capability to perform all the functions required," the report's authors wrote.
"The immaturity of the critical technologies related to the sampling system is concerning, because, according to Mars 2020 project managers, the sampling system is the rover's most complex new development component, with delays likely to eat into the project's schedule reserve, and in the worst-case scenario, [they] could delay launch," the report added. "As of December 2016, the project was tracking the risk that the sampling system may not be ready for integration and testing — the period when a spacecraft is built, undergoes final testing and is prepared for launch — in May 2019, as planned."
Several other challenges confront Mars 2020 project managers, the OIG document reported.
Among these are "late delivery of actuators (the components responsible for moving and controlling parts and instruments on the rover); foregoing an engineering model of the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE) designed to assess the feasibility of producing oxygen on Mars as a cost-savings measure; ensuring the rover does not exceed its designed mass limit of 1,050 kilograms [2,315 lbs.]; and addressing foreign-partner funding issues that may affect their ability to timely deliver components to the project."
Overall, five of the 2020 rover mission's seven identified "critical technologies" were not at the recommended TRL 6 by the time of PDR in February 2016, according to the OIG report. But the document notes that, by December 2016, Mars 2020 project personnel were showing all seven technologies as having reached TRL 6.
Mass monitoring
The OIG also noted that the Mars 2020 team is redesigning the new rover's wheels in an attempt to protect against the wear and tear that Curiosity has experienced during its 4.5 years on the Red Planet.
Mars 2020's wheels will be twice as thick as Curiosity's and add 22 lbs. (10 kg) of mass to the new rover. Mars 2020 engineers are also considering making software changes to improve the rover's ability to match wheel drive with the Red Planet terrain, the new report said.
Although project managers do not foresee further mass growth of the Mars 2020 rover, they are monitoring the mass and volume of the turret at the end of the six-wheeled robot's arm, the OIG report stated. If necessary, additional steps can be taken to keep the rover's mass below 2,315 lbs. (1,050 kg). These steps could include removing a proposed helicopter technology demonstration from the mission. (This minicopter would fly ahead of the rover, helping to scout out optimal driving routes and spots of scientific interest on the Martian surface, according to the OIG report.)
Planned actions
NASA is taking measures to address the issues raised by the report, OIG officials said.
"We provided a draft of this report to NASA management, who concurred with our recommendations and described planned actions to address them," the OIG report stated.
Leonard David is author of "Mars: Our Future on the Red Planet," published by National Geographic. The book is a companion to the National Geographic Channel series "Mars." A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Originally published on Space.com.
As part of Conspiracy Week at the Photographer’s Gallery, Gordon MacDonald’s latest exhibition takes a look through the archives of Wendelle C Stevens, the pioneering alien researcher who made us question whether we’re really alone in the universe.
Few topics that have consistently divided opinion as much as UFOs. Since we first cast our eyes towards the stars, humans have been fascinated by the idea that something might be staring right back down at us. Whether or not you believe we’ve been physically visited by aliens on planet earth, their invasion into popular culture is evident, and even today they captivate believers and non-believers alike.
For writer and publisher Gordon MacDonald, the question of whether or not UFOs exist is somewhat besides the point. It’s this ‘agnostic approach’ that’s the subject of Divisive Moments, an exhibition Gordon has curated for the Conspiracy Week at The Photographers’ Gallery this month.
Photograph by Billy Meier From the UFO Photo Archives of Wendelle Stevens Collection of Gordon MacDonald
The exhibition pulls together the extensive archives of the pioneering Lt. Colonel Wendelle C Stevens, one of the most famous UFO researchers who, after leaving the U.S. Air Force, dedicated his life to the study of extra-terrestrials and UFOs. With Stevens having passed away, the exhibition containing over 400 slides of research and photography offers an unbiased insight into the world of a notorious UFO hunter, a rarity when dealing with conspiracies.
Photograph by Billy Meier From the UFO Photo Archives of Wendelle Stevens Collection of Gordon MacDonald
Can you tell about how Divisive Moments came about?
It generated as an exhibition from a proposal I put out about conspiracy and photography; we realised it’s a massive area of research, so I began focusing on UFO photography. I started researching Wendelle C Stevens, who had a massive archive that became orphaned when he died in 2010 and got sold across the internet so I started hunting it down.
How does the exhibition differ from the conventional conversations about UFOs?
Well firstly by it being in a photography gallery. It’s about what these photos mean in our culture. I refuse to discuss whether the photos are real or fake and I would hope the audience would go into it with the same idea; if they were proven either way it would take away all the magic of them. I myself believe that committing to a belief when looking at things like this takes away the enjoyment of it.
From the UFO Photo Archives of Wendelle Stevens Collection of Gordon MacDonald
UFOs hold a special place in the heart of many people, as well as conspiracy theorists – what do you put this down to,
Partly down to their mysterious nature. Wendelle’s photo archives have been orphaned and normally in that case when images lose their research base they’re used by people for other reasons, but when you take UFO photos out of context they’re still the same. I think people want see something that doesn’t necessarily have resonance, they enjoy the mystery behind them. There’s two possibilities; either we’re visited regularly by interstellar craft, or people have decided to make fantastic fiction and project it out into the world. But both of those are amazing for me.
UFO photography is notorious for its low quality, do you feel this enhances their artistic value?
It certainly defines them. But within the exhibition there are both low and high quality images. For me the point is how people view them; you can look at one picture from two different perspectives, it can be the same photograph but people read their beliefs into them. I took a more agnostic view that these photos were simultaneously truth and untruth.
Stereoscope of Mount Washington, 1870-71 Considered by many as the first UFO photograph Collection of Gordon MacDonald
Is the excitement surrounding UFOs as pronounced as it was back in the ’70s?
I think if you’re talking about popular culture there still is that excitement; there’s regularly things about aliens in films and TV, I don’t think it’s new anymore as a subject of fiction which I guess is why it doesn’t feel as vibrant as it did in pop culture.
But, if you look on the internet this is where the conversation has gone. If you look at sites like Gaia, there are constant and massive conversations about aliens, mostly from believers and conspiracy theorists. So I think it’s moved to a more populated but more hidden area.
From the UFO Photo Archives of Wendelle Stevens Collection of Gordon MacDonald
At least the aliens have embraced the Internet…
Yes, they’ve gone digital! Well, the conversation used to be in a different medium; thousands of Wendelle’s books have been sold and there used to be films about government conspiracies surrounding aliens. But I’m interested in people’s reactions; if you start digging into UFOs, you see the most adamant and forceful people, it’s often akin to religion.
From the UFO Photo Archives of Wendelle Stevens Collection of Gordon MacDonald
Do you hope the exhibition leaves you asking more questions rather than answering any?
That’s the most important part about art; to make you ask more questions. Exhibitions should leave questions about what they bring to the world, and if someone leaves with an answer I would really like to hear it.
This epic short film reveals what life will look like once we've conquered the Solar System
The future of humanity.
If the state of the world is getting you down right now, and all you want to do is escape these Earthly shackles, take comfort in the fact that the brightest minds on the planet are trying really, really hard to make that happen.
The dream of leaving Earth behind to set up shop on a lunar or Martian base is far from realised just yet, but in the meantime, this epic short film by digital artist Erik Wernquist gives you a glimpse of what it’s actually going to look like if when humans conquer the Solar System.
In less than 4 minutes, Wanderers takes us on a mind-bending journey through the Solar System, as humans from the future base-jump off the tallest known cliff in the Solar System - Verona Rupes on Uranus’ moon Miranda - and float through the clouds of Saturn.
And just to top it all off, we get to see the incredible sights of human space exploration while Carl Sagan reads us his 1994 book Pale Blue Dot:
Hey, who's cutting onions in here?
"Wanderers is a vision of humanity's expansion into the Solar System, based on scientific ideas and concepts of what our future in space might look like, if it ever happens," Wernquist explains.
"The locations depicted in the film are digital recreations of actual places in the Solar System, built from real photos and map data where available."
Some creative license has obviously been taken by Wernquist in the film - for example, we don't really know what it's going to be like if we started mining asteroids, or viewing Saturn's rings from the safety of a blimp.
But considering we're still figuring out what our neighbouring planets even look like, it's about as accurate a representation as we're going to get right now of what it would be like to cruise through the dense atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan, or beam light into the darkness from underground moon colonies.
"Without any apparent story, other than what you may fill in by yourself, the idea with the film is primarily to show a glimpse of the fantastic and beautiful nature that surrounds us on our neighbouring worlds - and above all, how it might appear to us if we were there," says Wernquist.
If you missed some of the best bits, or are wondering where some of the incredible scenes are taking place, here are a bunch of annotated stills from the film to bask your imagination in.
Cape Verde - Mars:
A group of people await the arrival of a few dirigibles at the edge of the Victoria Crater on Mars.
Verona Rupes - Miranda, moon of Uranus:
Base jumping off the tallest cliff in the Solar System, located on Uranus' moon Miranda.
The rings of Saturn:
Iapetus Ridge - Iapetus, moon of Saturn:
Simulating a shot taken in low orbit over Saturn's moon Iapetus, this scene shows domed settlements along the equatorial ridge that runs along the moon's circumference.
Europa View - Europa, moon of Jupiter:
A group of people hiking across the icy plains of Jupiter's moon, Europa. Jupiter and another of its moons, Io, are seen in the background.
A 'terrarium' inside an unnamed asteroid in the Main Asteroid Belt:
"This shot shows the inside of [an] asteroid," says Wernquist.
"[It] is a highly speculative vision of an impressive piece of human engineering - a concept that science fiction author Kim Stanley Robinson calls a "terrarium" in his novel 2312. It is also not unlike what Arthur C. Clarke described in his novel Rendezvous with Rama."
'Ringsurf' - the Rings of Saturn:
"There are, as of yet, no real photos from within the rings, so this is my best guess of what it may look like," says Wernquist.
"This shot is created from scratch (as in, no photos used), but I was very inspired by this photo by the Cassini Spacecraft from 2004."
If You Have Rhesus (RH) Negative Blood, You Are Alien…
If You Have Rhesus (RH) Negative Blood, You Are Alien…
Studies conducted on rhesus negative blood types show that they are missing the Rhesus factor, a protein substance present in the red blood cells of other humans. Theories suggest that people with Rhesus (RH) negative blood may be from outside this world…
Others suggest they are fallen angels from the heavens above or they belong to an alien race from somewhere in the vast darkness of space. What is clear is that those who have with Rhesus (RH) negative blood are different and unique.
A person who has RH negative O blood is able to serve as a donor to any person regardless of their blood type. But if they need blood, only their own type will suffice. They represent 15% of the human race and are mostly from northern Europe.
The four common blood types of today include A, B, AB and O. The differences between each blood type is dependent on the proteins in the blood, but when it comes to RH negative blood types, which make up about 10 to 15 percent of the population, they don’t have these proteins.
The question that is on the minds of scientists now, is where this group of RH negative blood type people originates from. Looking back about 35,000 years, scientists believe that the blood type is linked to specific tribes and groups. Europeans have the greatest incidence of this blood type, but only 3% of African-Americans have it, and only 1% of Asian people have it.
Some common characteristics of people with this blood type include having a higher IQ, having a lower body temperature, having more awareness (physically and emotionally), having red hair, being sensitive to heat, and having blue, green or hazel colored eyes.
This blood type is shrouded in even more mystery }}{}}when we look at pregnant women. RH negative women who become pregnant have difficulty delivering a baby with an RH positive blood type, as their bodies naturally attack and try to kill the fetus. Thus, they are given a special sterilized solution. (Anti-D or RHo (D)immunoglobulin)
But, why would the woman’s body attack the offspring it’s been helping give life to?
This is where a relatively new theory comes in and suggests that it’s possible alien life has influenced this blood type. What’s even stranger is that almost every person who has reported being abducted by (or interacted with) aliens has the RH negative blood type.
It’s certainly very possible that aliens visited our planet, as they’ve done for centuries, and somehow tooled around with the genetics of mankind. After all, history from all over the world has shown time and time again, through ancient texts and depictions, that we’ve been visited by beings not of this world.
What do you think about the blood type that is missing a key link to evolutionary humans? Could it be that some of us have alien blood running through our veins?
Ten astonishing UFO cases that SHOOK THE WORLD in 2016
Ten astonishing UFO cases that SHOOK THE WORLD in 2016
Published on Jan 2, 2017
Ten astonishing UFO cases that SHOOK THE WORLD in 2016
THE past 12 months has seen major interest in the UFO subject with developments in some of the world's most notorious cases. The number of alleged sightings continues to grow and interest remains high in some of the most mysterious unresolved cases including Roswell, Rendlesham, and Warminster.
Nigel Watson, author of The UFO Investigations Manual, said: "2016 was a bumper year for UFO sightings, attempts at alien contact and new pieces of evidence to support the view that ‘they’ are visiting us.
"The theories, reports and sightings are intriguing and often startling and virtually unbelievable, yet it is hard to dismiss them all as fabrications or the product of over active imaginations.
"If there are aliens visiting us they are having a good laugh at our bemusement."
In his view, these were the 10 most significant developments of the past 12 months:
POLAIRE.Vivantes ! Deux algues sont revenues d’un voyage de l’extrême, soit 2 ans dans la Station spatiale internationale (ISS) et 16 mois à l’extérieur, seulement protégées du vide par un filtre neutre réduisant les effets des radiations. Ces survivantes ne sont pas n’importe qui. L’algue verte Sphaerocystissp. est originaire des eaux de l’archipel des Svalbard en Norvège et la cyanobactérieNostocsp. fréquente habituellement les glaces de l’Antarctique. Ces organismes sont bien adaptés aux conditions environnementales extrêmes des régions polaires et à l’alternance d’une longue nuit sans lumière (et donc sans photosynthèse possible) et d’une exposition au soleil pendant toute la durée des étés australs. "Nous savions déjà qu’elles sont capables de supporter la déshydratation totale, des températures de plus de 60°C, des froids aussi bas que -25°C et même un certain degré d’exposition aux rayons ultraviolets (UV)", justifiait le Dr Thomas Leya du Franhofer IZI’s bioanalytics and bioprocesses de Postdam (Allemagne) au moment du départ des algues, le 23 juillet 2014 par un vaisseau cargo Progress. Pour supporter l’expérience, ces organismes ont été délicatement desséchés, une dessiccation qu’ils supportent dans leur milieu naturel.
Une résistance prouvée aux rayons UVC
RADIATIONS. Ces deux souches sont revenues sur Terre le 18 juillet 2016 par une capsule Soyouz. Les chercheurs ont mis plusieurs mois pour vérifier qu’elles reprenaient bien leur croissance. Et le résultat –incroyable– vient juste de tomber. Les fonctions vitales sont bien reparties. Mais les chercheurs ne veulent pas seulement savoir si les algues peuvent survivre en orbitre terrestre. Ils s’intéressent aussi à la réponse des cellules dans le vide aux rayonnements UVA, UVB et UVC. "Nous nous attendions à ce que les organismes survivent au vide et aux températures fluctuant entre -20°C et +50°C aussi bien qu’aux rayonnements UVA et UVB, explique Thomas Leya dans le communiqué du Franhofer Institute. Mais nous avons été surpris de voir que les souches algales sont restées indemnes d’une exposition à des rayonnements UVC extrêmement destructeurs". Les biologistes vont désormais étudier les stratégies d’adaptation des cyanobactéries et des algues vertes. Les rayons UV peuvent en effet endommager l’ADN humain. Aussi est-il intéressant de voir si l’ADN de ces algues a été endommagé, dans quelles régions de l’ADN et dans quelles proportions.
Les retombées de ces recherches sont multiples. L’intérêt le plus évident porte sur l'exploration de Mars. En cas de colonisation de la planète rouge, les algues qu’on imagine pousser dans des serres, pourraient produire de la nourriture et de l’oxygène. En sciences de la vie, cette expérience redonne une certaine vigueur à l’hypothèse d’une origine extraterrestre de la vie sur Terre. Mais les sciences appliquées sont aussi concernées. Les composants protecteurs des algues pourraient ainsi être extraits pour des crèmes solaires anti-UV. Et l’industrie agroalimentaire pourrait s’emparer des compléments nutritionnels présents dans ces organismes.
Cette performance survivaliste devrait relancer les expéditions à la découverte de ces algues et cyanobactéries de l’extrême. En 18 ans de recherche, Thomas Leya a collecté près de 500 organismes des régions polaires. Un infime échantillon d’une biodiversité qui compte des centaines de milliers d’espèces vivant dans des conditions extrêmes et qui peuvent être productrices de molécules de grand intérêt.
De wereld bevindt zich in een kritische fase en misschien is dat de reden dat de Duitse ruimteschepen zich de laatste tijd veelvuldig vertonen.
Zo kan het gebeuren dat een gezin in Chili heel verbaasd reageert wanneer ze voor hun ogen een paar grote sigaarvormige ruimteschepen waarnemen.
Enkele dagen geleden is er in Chili een prachtige opname gemaakt van enkele van de inmiddels bekende sigaar UFO’s. Ze zagen er als volgt uit:
Hieronder staat de video-opname waarin de vader van een gezin opgewonden kreten slaakt als hij in de verte een sigaarvormig object in de lucht ziet hangen.
De rest van het gezin gelooft hem niet zo erg en denkt dat hij zich vergist, totdat er een tweede UFO verschijnt die nog duidelijker is. Dat is het punt waarop de moeder van het gezin het uitschreeuwt.
Rond de 2 minuut 20 zie je de tweede UFO door een wolk gaan.
Dit soort schepen wordt dikwijls in verband gebracht met de grote UFO’s zoals die door de Duitsers zijn ontworpen.
Dit lijkt me authentiek gezien de opgewonden reacties. Goed mogelijk dat het twee Duitse moederschepen zijn, ook wel "Andromeda-Gerät" (Andromeda Apparaat) genoemd.
George Adamski maakte in de 50'er jaren van de vorige eeuw een prachtige serie foto's van zo'n sigaar die meerdere kleinere Flugscheiben (vliegschijven) lanceerde.
Nu zul je je misschien afvragen hoe de Duitsers ongezien zulke grote ruimteschepen (139 meter) hebben kunnen bouwen. Het antwoord is echter redelijk simpel, prefab! Net zoals ze destijds hun duikboten in delen/modules bouwden. Het is daarom goed mogelijk dat de afzonderlijke modules op een normale scheepswerf gebouwd zijn en de eindmontage op een geheime locatie plaatsvond. Wil je in het geheim produceren, dan laat je alle onderdelen door verschillende fabrieken maken zodat de samenhang van die onderdelen ontbreekt en hou je de eindmontage onder eigen toezicht.
Police Cars and A Plane Go In The Direction Toward Suspected UFO Sighting
Police Cars and A Plane Go In The Direction Toward Suspected UFO Sighting
A couple has claimed that they saw police cars racing to the area of UFO sighting. The woman reported to Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) that they could not understand what took place as they drove home. The anonymous reporting witness said that she was with her boyfriend in the car when she noticed a bright light in the sky. She thought it was a planet, but her boyfriend did not believe so as the UFO started getting closer and closer.
Before they knew it, the mysterious aerial thing was flying directly over their car. The UFO came so close to them that they could see details underneath the craft. They saw red and green blinking lights in the belly of the wingless, rectangular and long craft.
The duo could not comprehend what they witnessed while driving about a mile to their home. When they arrive in their home, they saw some police cars towards the direction of the suspected UFO sighting. They could still see the UFO from their house. They noticed the UFO went back higher in the sky, hovered in the same spot for around ten minutes, and went back in the direction it first appeared.
The couple captured a video of the UFO while it hovered high up in the sky. It was reportedly getting higher in the sky slowly and further away until it disappeared to the couple’s sight.
Interestingly, soon after the disappearance of the strange object in the sky, the couple saw a plane at a tremendous speed that appeared to follow the UFO. They heard a loud sound from the aircraft as if it was going incredibly fast.
The unusual incident reportedly took place in Santa Rosa, California at 6:45 pm on January 28, 2017. MUFON is investigating the case.
Mass UFO activity over Las Vegas, Nevada 28-Jan-2017
Mass UFO activity over Las Vegas, Nevada 28-Jan-2017
Another amazing footage by Youtube user Steven Barone. These sightings happened on 28th January 2017 over Las Vegas, Nevada. Check out the one at 22 minutes!
Witness report:
I shot this video from my backyard in the Summerlin area of Las Vegas, Nevada on the night of January 28, 2017. They could have been brighter at times but I was very happy to see that a group of UFOs had returned to the Black Mountains in Henderson, Nevada. It has been six months or so since I last observed UFOs in groups over in this spot. I left the video running at actual speed even though it’s more than thirty minutes long because of suggestions I have been getting from viewers. It should have occurred to me to turn the night vision camera on earlier. No doubt some folks will claim that these are ATVs moving around on the mountain but they aren’t. What gives that away is the fact that the UFOs are lining up in a perfectly horizontal row on several occasions which would be nearly impossible if they were on the ground because the terrain on the mountain is so uneven. I think that there is an excellent possibility that these UFOs belong to the same group I film regularly in the Blue Diamond Hills on the west side of the valley closer to my home.
Here’s a new footage of an unidentified flying objects flying across the sky above Fort Myers, Florida. This was filmed on 1st February
Witness report:
4 objects appeared, fifth came around 20 sec. later. 4 moved in formation. Then sep. moving south. Not drones. I came out of work at app. 1125pm est on break. East side of parking lot. Saw first object through trees app. 20 degrees moving towards me. Thought it was work helicopter, then app. 5 sec later 3 more objects came behind first one. Hurried and snapped 2 pictures while walking towards middle of parking, heading east. Thought then it was drones but objects made no noise and started turning south while ascending to app. 250-300ft. Snapped another picture from middle of parking, looked to see if anyone else was out there, heard voices but didnt see anyone. Started recording video then and continued walking towards end/ back of the east parking area. Thats when 5th object appeared still from east but this one was heading more sw, 4 object were now heading south, at this time heard what sounded like a shotgun. Stopped recording, got in car pulled on work road and started driving down bacck side of work heading south, objects were now about 500 to 750 feet up, there was low clouds moving through area at this time, 5th object was still catching up to other 4, i was looking out left side driver window, trying to get to darker area of work, object moved higher into clouds. There was no erratic movement, thought maybe they might have been chinese lanterns. They moved smooth and when they turned south still maintained stright line movement but gradual ascension. Didn’t get opportunity to record again, whole episode lasted between 5 to 10 minutes, about 1/8th of a mile east is open grazing field areas, maybe 1/4 mile is cow fields, all east and south of where i work. Airport is further east, about 2 miles. Wasnt windy out, light breeze, about 42 degrees f. Went back into work, showed coworkers pictures and video, asked what they thought, all said not drones or lanterns, or plane or helicopter,
Our Supermassive Black Hole Could Be 'Supercharging' Stars' Magnetism
Our Supermassive Black Hole Could Be 'Supercharging' Stars' Magnetism
By Elizabeth Howell, Seeker
Credit: Guillochon & McCourt
For a supermassive black hole that's so close to us, we still have a lot to learn about Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the singularity in the center of the Milky Way.
As astronomers work to learn more about the environment it, a new paper in Astrophysical Journal Letters makes predictions about what would happen to young, highly magnetized stars in Sgr A*'s vicinity. It's the first time a star's magnetic field has been included in simulations where a black hole tidally disrupted a star, meaning the star is pulled apart and stretched.
"Magnetic fields are a bit tricky numerically to simulate," James Guillochon, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, told Seeker. In the past, it's been hard to put magnetic fields in context with other influences on a star, such as gas pressure and gravity. This is especially true towards the boundary or atmosphere of the star.
The simulations show that if a star gets a "glancing blow" from a black hole, it can survive the encounter and its magnetic field amplifies strongly, by a factor of about 30. But if the star gets very close to the black hole, the star is tidally destroyed and the magnetic field maintains its strength.
A Hubble Space Telescope infrared view of the center of the Milky Way galaxy. The inset shows X-rays in the region around Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole in the galaxy's heart.
Credit: X-ray: NASA/UMass/D.Wang et al., IR: NASA/STScI
"One of the immediate impacts is that we might see highly magnetized stars in the centers of galaxies, and that includes our own galactic center," Guillochon added. "We also would expect this to affect the resulting flare that arises from the disruption of the star by the supermassive black hole. Half the matter of the star falls on to the black hole and feeds it, and that generates a luminous flare of a billion or 10 billion solar luminosities."
A star disruption should theoretically be visible in our own galactic center, but Guillochon says that only happens about once every 10,000 years or so. Luckily, the stream of the disrupted star can persist for centuries, feeding the black hole.
Guillochon co-wrote a paper a couple of years ago about G2, a gas cloud falling into the galactic center in 2014 that produced far less activity than expected. It suggests that G2 could have been produced by the disruption of a red giant star, and its gas envelope is still feeding the black hole today.
He suggested that G2-like clouds would form by "clumping up" due to cooling instabilities, which would put regular deliveries of a G2-type cloud once every decade. When the material is highly magnetized, co-author Michael McCourt has previously suggested that the fields can help stabilize the clouds and prevent them from breaking apart. If the pattern holds true, highly magnetized clouds would continue to pass near the black hole over the next several decades.
That said, the challenge of learning about stars that survive disruption in the galactic center is they tend to be lower mass and hard to see. How many of them are magnetized, and how strongly, remains an open question, Guillochon said. Below is a short animation simulating a star's magnetic field being torn apart by a black hole.
WATCH VIDEO:The Race To See The Black Hole At Our Galaxy's Core
Artist's conception of Earth's solar system (not to scale).
Credit: NASA/JPL
Approximately 4.5 billion years ago, gravity pulled a cloud of dust and gas together to form our solar system. While scientists aren't certain of the exact nature of the process, observations of young stellar systems combined with computer simulations have allowed them to develop three models of what could have happened so many years ago.
Birth of the sun
A massive concentration of interstellar gas and dust created a molecular cloud that would form the sun's birthplace. Cold temperatures caused the gas to clump together, growing steadily denser. The densest parts of the cloud began to collapse under its own gravity, forming a wealth of young stellar objects known as protostars. Gravity continued to collapse the material onto the infant object, creating a star and a disk of material from which the planets would form. When fusion kicked in, the star began to blast a stellar wind that helped clear out the debris and stopped it from falling inward.
Although gas and dust shroud young stars in visible wavelengths, infrared telescopes have probed many of the Milky Way Galaxy's clouds to reveal the natal environment of other stars. Scientists have applied what they've seen in other systems to our own star.
After the sun formed, a massive disk of material surrounded it for around 100 million years. That may sound like more than enough time for the planets to form, but in astronomical terms, it's an eye blink. As the newborn sun heated the disk, gas evaporated quickly, giving the newborn planets and moons only a short amount of time to scoop it up.
Formation models
Scientists have developed three different models to explain how planets in and out of the solar system may have formed. The first and most widely accepted model, core accretion, works well with the formation of the rocky terrestrial planets but has problems with giant planets. The second, pebble accretion, could allow planets to quickly form from the tiniest materials. The third, the disk instability method, may account for the creation of giant planets.
The core accretion model
Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the solar system was a cloud of dust and gas known as a solar nebula. Gravity collapsed the material in on itself as it began to spin, forming the sun in the center of the nebula.
With the rise of the sun, the remaining material began to clump together. Small particles drew together, bound by the force of gravity, into larger particles. The solar wind swept away lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium, from the closer regions, leaving only heavy, rocky materials to create terrestrial worlds. But farther away, the solar winds had less impact on lighter elements, allowing them to coalesce into gas giants. In this way, asteroids, comets, planets and moons were created.
Some exoplanet observations seem to confirm core accretion as the dominant formation process. Stars with more "metals" — a term astronomers use for elements other than hydrogen and helium — in their cores have more giant planets than their metal-poor cousins. According to NASA, core accretion suggests that small, rocky worlds should be more common than the more massive gas giants.
The 2005 discovery of a giant planet with a massive core orbiting the sun-like star HD 149026 is an example of an exoplanet that helped strengthen the case for core accretion.
"This is a confirmation of the core accretion theory for planet formation and evidence that planets of this kind should exist in abundance," said Greg Henry in a press release. Henry, an astronomer at Tennessee State University, Nashville, detected the dimming of the star.
In 2017, the European Space Agency plans to launch the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS), which will study exoplanets ranging in sizes from super-Earths to Neptune. Studying these distant worlds may help determine how planets in the solar system formed.
"In the core accretion scenario, the core of a planet must reach a critical mass before it is able to accrete gas in a runaway fashion," said the CHEOPS team. "This critical mass depends upon many physical variables, among the most important of which is the rate of planetesimals accretion."
By studying how growing planets accrete material, CHEOPS will provide insight into how worlds grow.
The disk instability model
But the need for a rapid formation for the giant gas planets is one of the problems of core accretion. According to models, the process takes several million years, longer than the light gases were available in the early solar system. At the same time, the core accretion model faces a migration issue, as the baby planets are likely to spiral into the sun in a short amount of time.
"Giant planets form really fast, in a few million years," Kevin Walsh, a researcher at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Boulder, Colorado, told Space.com. "That creates a time limit because the gas disk around the sun only lasts 4 to 5 million years."
According to a relatively new theory, disk instability, clumps of dust and gas are bound together early in the life of the solar system. Over time, these clumps slowly compact into a giant planet. These planets can form faster than their core accretion rivals, sometimes in as little as 1,000 years, allowing them to trap the rapidly vanishing lighter gases. They also quickly reach an orbit-stabilizing mass that keeps them from death-marching into the sun.
As scientists continue to study planets inside of the solar system, as well as around other stars, they will better understand how gas giants formed.
Pebble accretion
The biggest challenge to core accretion is time — building massive gas giants fast enough to grab the lighter components of their atmosphere. Recent research probed how smaller, pebble-sized objects fused together to build giant planets up to 1,000 times faster than earlier studies.
"This is the first model that we know about that you start out with a pretty simple structure for the solar nebula from which planets form, and end up with the giant-planet system that we see," study lead author Harold Levison, an astronomer at SwRI, told Space.com in 2015.
In 2012, researchers Michiel Lambrechts and Anders Johansen of Lund University in Sweden proposed that tiny pebbles, once written off, held the key to rapidly building giant planets.
"They showed that the leftover pebbles from this formation process, which previously were thought to be unimportant, could actually be a huge solution to the planet-forming problem," Levison said.
Levison and his team built on that research to model more precisely how the tiny pebbles could form planets seen in the galaxy today. While previous simulations, both large and medium-sized objects consumed their pebble-sized cousins at a relatively constant rate, Levison's simulations suggest that the larger objects acted more like bullies, snatching away pebbles from the mid-sized masses to grow at a far faster rate.
"The larger objects now tend to scatter the smaller ones more than the smaller ones scatter them back, so the smaller ones end up getting scattered out of the pebble disk," study co-author Katherine Kretke, also from SwRI, told Space.com. "The bigger guy basically bullies the smaller one so they can eat all the pebbles themselves, and they can continue to grow up to form the cores of the giant planets."
A Nice model
Originally, scientists thought that planets formed in the same part of the solar system they reside in today. The discovery of exoplanets shook things up, revealing that at least some of the most massive objects could migrate.
In 2005, a trio of papers published in the journal Nature proposed that the giant planets were bound in near-circular orbits much more compact than they are today. A large disk of rocks and ices surrounded them, stretching out to about 35 times the Earth-sun distance, just beyond Neptune's present orbit. They called this the Nice model, after the city in France where they first discussed it.
As the planets interacted with the smaller bodies, they scattered most of them toward the sun. The process caused them to trade energy with the objects, sending the Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus farther out into the solar system. Eventually the small objects reached Jupiter, which sent them flying to the edge of the solar system or completely out of it.
Movement between Jupiter and Saturn drove Uranus and Neptune into even more eccentric orbits, sending the pair through the remaining disk of ices. Some of the material was flung inward, where it crashed into the terrestrial planets during the Late Heavy Bombardment. Other material was hurled outward, creating the Kuiper Belt.
As they moved slowly outward, Neptune and Uranus traded places. Eventually, interactions with the remaining debris caused the pair to settle into more circular paths as they reached their current distance from the sun.
Along the way, it's possible that one or even two other giant planets were kicked out of the system. Astronomer David Nesvorny of SwRI has modeled the early solar system in search of clues that could lead toward understanding its early history.
"In the early days, the solar system was very different, with many more planets, perhaps as massive as Neptune, forming and being scattered to different places," Nesvorny told Space.com
Water gatherers
The solar system didn't wrap up its formation process after the planets formed. Earth stands out from the planets because of its high water content, which many scientists suspect contributed to the evolution of life. But the planet's current location was too warm for it to collect water in the early solar system, suggesting that the life-giving liquid may have been delivered after it was grown.
But scientists still don't know the source of that water. Originally, they suspected comets, but several missions, including six that flew by Halley’s comet in the 1980s and the more recent European Space Agency's Rosetta satellite, revealed that the composition of the icy material from the outskirts of the solar system didn't quite match Earth's.
The asteroid belt makes another potential source of water. Several meteorites have shown evidence of alteration, changes made early in their lifetimes that hint that water in some form interacted with their surface. Impacts from meteorites could be another source of water for the planet.
Recently, some scientists have challenged the notion that the early Earth was too hot to collect water. They argue that, if the planet formed fast enough, it could have collected the necessary water from the icy grains before they evaporated.
While Earth held onto its water, Venus and Mars would have likely been exposed to the important liquid in much the same way. Rising temperatures on Venus and an evaporating atmosphere on Mars kept them from retaining their water, however, resulting in the dry planets we know today.
Artist's conception of Earth's solar system (not to scale).
Credit: NASA/JPL
Approximately 4.5 billion years ago, gravity pulled a cloud of dust and gas together to form our solar system. While scientists aren't certain of the exact nature of the process, observations of young stellar systems combined with computer simulations have allowed them to develop three models of what could have happened so many years ago.
Birth of the sun
A massive concentration of interstellar gas and dust created a molecular cloud that would form the sun's birthplace. Cold temperatures caused the gas to clump together, growing steadily denser. The densest parts of the cloud began to collapse under its own gravity, forming a wealth of young stellar objects known as protostars. Gravity continued to collapse the material onto the infant object, creating a star and a disk of material from which the planets would form. When fusion kicked in, the star began to blast a stellar wind that helped clear out the debris and stopped it from falling inward.
Although gas and dust shroud young stars in visible wavelengths, infrared telescopes have probed many of the Milky Way Galaxy's clouds to reveal the natal environment of other stars. Scientists have applied what they've seen in other systems to our own star.
After the sun formed, a massive disk of material surrounded it for around 100 million years. That may sound like more than enough time for the planets to form, but in astronomical terms, it's an eye blink. As the newborn sun heated the disk, gas evaporated quickly, giving the newborn planets and moons only a short amount of time to scoop it up.
Formation models
Scientists have developed three different models to explain how planets in and out of the solar system may have formed. The first and most widely accepted model, core accretion, works well with the formation of the rocky terrestrial planets but has problems with giant planets. The second, pebble accretion, could allow planets to quickly form from the tiniest materials. The third, the disk instability method, may account for the creation of giant planets.
The core accretion model
Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the solar system was a cloud of dust and gas known as a solar nebula. Gravity collapsed the material in on itself as it began to spin, forming the sun in the center of the nebula.
With the rise of the sun, the remaining material began to clump together. Small particles drew together, bound by the force of gravity, into larger particles. The solar wind swept away lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium, from the closer regions, leaving only heavy, rocky materials to create terrestrial worlds. But farther away, the solar winds had less impact on lighter elements, allowing them to coalesce into gas giants. In this way, asteroids, comets, planets and moons were created.
Some exoplanet observations seem to confirm core accretion as the dominant formation process. Stars with more "metals" — a term astronomers use for elements other than hydrogen and helium — in their cores have more giant planets than their metal-poor cousins. According to NASA, core accretion suggests that small, rocky worlds should be more common than the more massive gas giants.
The 2005 discovery of a giant planet with a massive core orbiting the sun-like star HD 149026 is an example of an exoplanet that helped strengthen the case for core accretion.
"This is a confirmation of the core accretion theory for planet formation and evidence that planets of this kind should exist in abundance," said Greg Henry in a press release. Henry, an astronomer at Tennessee State University, Nashville, detected the dimming of the star.
In 2017, the European Space Agency plans to launch the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS), which will study exoplanets ranging in sizes from super-Earths to Neptune. Studying these distant worlds may help determine how planets in the solar system formed.
"In the core accretion scenario, the core of a planet must reach a critical mass before it is able to accrete gas in a runaway fashion," said the CHEOPS team. "This critical mass depends upon many physical variables, among the most important of which is the rate of planetesimals accretion."
By studying how growing planets accrete material, CHEOPS will provide insight into how worlds grow.
The disk instability model
But the need for a rapid formation for the giant gas planets is one of the problems of core accretion. According to models, the process takes several million years, longer than the light gases were available in the early solar system. At the same time, the core accretion model faces a migration issue, as the baby planets are likely to spiral into the sun in a short amount of time.
"Giant planets form really fast, in a few million years," Kevin Walsh, a researcher at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Boulder, Colorado, told Space.com. "That creates a time limit because the gas disk around the sun only lasts 4 to 5 million years."
According to a relatively new theory, disk instability, clumps of dust and gas are bound together early in the life of the solar system. Over time, these clumps slowly compact into a giant planet. These planets can form faster than their core accretion rivals, sometimes in as little as 1,000 years, allowing them to trap the rapidly vanishing lighter gases. They also quickly reach an orbit-stabilizing mass that keeps them from death-marching into the sun.
As scientists continue to study planets inside of the solar system, as well as around other stars, they will better understand how gas giants formed.
Pebble accretion
The biggest challenge to core accretion is time — building massive gas giants fast enough to grab the lighter components of their atmosphere. Recent research probed how smaller, pebble-sized objects fused together to build giant planets up to 1,000 times faster than earlier studies.
"This is the first model that we know about that you start out with a pretty simple structure for the solar nebula from which planets form, and end up with the giant-planet system that we see," study lead author Harold Levison, an astronomer at SwRI, told Space.com in 2015.
In 2012, researchers Michiel Lambrechts and Anders Johansen of Lund University in Sweden proposed that tiny pebbles, once written off, held the key to rapidly building giant planets.
"They showed that the leftover pebbles from this formation process, which previously were thought to be unimportant, could actually be a huge solution to the planet-forming problem," Levison said.
Levison and his team built on that research to model more precisely how the tiny pebbles could form planets seen in the galaxy today. While previous simulations, both large and medium-sized objects consumed their pebble-sized cousins at a relatively constant rate, Levison's simulations suggest that the larger objects acted more like bullies, snatching away pebbles from the mid-sized masses to grow at a far faster rate.
"The larger objects now tend to scatter the smaller ones more than the smaller ones scatter them back, so the smaller ones end up getting scattered out of the pebble disk," study co-author Katherine Kretke, also from SwRI, told Space.com. "The bigger guy basically bullies the smaller one so they can eat all the pebbles themselves, and they can continue to grow up to form the cores of the giant planets."
A Nice model
Originally, scientists thought that planets formed in the same part of the solar system they reside in today. The discovery of exoplanets shook things up, revealing that at least some of the most massive objects could migrate.
In 2005, a trio of papers published in the journal Nature proposed that the giant planets were bound in near-circular orbits much more compact than they are today. A large disk of rocks and ices surrounded them, stretching out to about 35 times the Earth-sun distance, just beyond Neptune's present orbit. They called this the Nice model, after the city in France where they first discussed it.
As the planets interacted with the smaller bodies, they scattered most of them toward the sun. The process caused them to trade energy with the objects, sending the Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus farther out into the solar system. Eventually the small objects reached Jupiter, which sent them flying to the edge of the solar system or completely out of it.
Movement between Jupiter and Saturn drove Uranus and Neptune into even more eccentric orbits, sending the pair through the remaining disk of ices. Some of the material was flung inward, where it crashed into the terrestrial planets during the Late Heavy Bombardment. Other material was hurled outward, creating the Kuiper Belt.
As they moved slowly outward, Neptune and Uranus traded places. Eventually, interactions with the remaining debris caused the pair to settle into more circular paths as they reached their current distance from the sun.
Along the way, it's possible that one or even two other giant planets were kicked out of the system. Astronomer David Nesvorny of SwRI has modeled the early solar system in search of clues that could lead toward understanding its early history.
"In the early days, the solar system was very different, with many more planets, perhaps as massive as Neptune, forming and being scattered to different places," Nesvorny told Space.com
Water gatherers
The solar system didn't wrap up its formation process after the planets formed. Earth stands out from the planets because of its high water content, which many scientists suspect contributed to the evolution of life. But the planet's current location was too warm for it to collect water in the early solar system, suggesting that the life-giving liquid may have been delivered after it was grown.
But scientists still don't know the source of that water. Originally, they suspected comets, but several missions, including six that flew by Halley’s comet in the 1980s and the more recent European Space Agency's Rosetta satellite, revealed that the composition of the icy material from the outskirts of the solar system didn't quite match Earth's.
The asteroid belt makes another potential source of water. Several meteorites have shown evidence of alteration, changes made early in their lifetimes that hint that water in some form interacted with their surface. Impacts from meteorites could be another source of water for the planet.
Recently, some scientists have challenged the notion that the early Earth was too hot to collect water. They argue that, if the planet formed fast enough, it could have collected the necessary water from the icy grains before they evaporated.
While Earth held onto its water, Venus and Mars would have likely been exposed to the important liquid in much the same way. Rising temperatures on Venus and an evaporating atmosphere on Mars kept them from retaining their water, however, resulting in the dry planets we know today.
0
1
2
3
4
5
- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:News from the FRIENDS of facebook ( ENG )
Truth About Those Mysterious Fast Radio Bursts
Truth About Those Mysterious Fast Radio Bursts
Last year a very rare celestial detection has occurred. Scientists have directly traced an incredibly intense, blindingly bright burst of radio waves — known as an FRB — back to its home galaxy. Surprisingly, this impressive cosmic radio flasher has somewhat humble origins, according to three new studies detailing the findings.
This set off an explosion of highly speculative yet lowly informed news. Accounts of close encounters of all kinds hit the media sphere. So many conclusions and proclamations were made in the favor of a signaling extraterrestrial intelligence. E.T. was the assumption by many many people. Other people made claims of a second mini big bang.
Known as F.R.B. 121102, originated about 3 billion light-years away from Earth, from inside a dwarf galaxy — a collection of stars much smaller than large galaxies like the Milky Way. F.R.B. stands for “Fast Radio Burst.” These flickers of light were just discovered in 2007, and although they last for just a fraction of a second, they release more energy than our entire sun will radiate in 10,000 years. Eighteen FRBs have been detected, but scientists estimate that one of these bursts occurs somewhere in the sky about once every 10 seconds. FRBs have been observed several times in the past decade, and there has been lots of debate about their possible source – galactic or extragalactic (inside or outside our galaxy). This latest event has been observed from three different locations, allowing astronomers to make a good guess at its source.
It comes from a highly unlikely source. The fact that FRB 121102 originated from a dwarf galaxy was a bit unexpected, said Cees Bassa, an astronomer at the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON).
“We were not sure what to expect, but I think the whole team was surprised to see that our exotic source is hosted by a very puny and faint galaxy,” Bassa said in a statement from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany (where some of the co-authors are based).
The repeated appearance of FRB 121102 could also offer clues to its origin.
This effect fits certain parameters of a neutron star. If the flashes are caused by a neutron star, they might be expected to occur regularly. Spinning neutron stars that radiate beams of light are known as pulsars, and they appear to flicker on and off because of a lighthouse effect: The beam sweeps across Earth as the pulsar spins, moving in and out of view with a regular frequency. Astronomers are now studying FRB 121102 with radio, optical, X-ray and gamma-ray telescopes to search for clues. That narrows down the possible causes. Top guesses lean towards it being a magnetar. It is a fast-spinning neutron star with a strong magnetic field) or a jet from a supermassive black hole.
The more exotic of the possibilities are two other classes of extreme events are also known to occur frequently in dwarf galaxies: long-duration gamma-ray bursts, or very bright flashes of high-energy light, and superluminous supernovas, or very bright exploding stars.
It comes down to the fact that it is way too early to make any firm conclusions about what the source of this immense energy wave.
We must give it time and let the ladies and gentlemen with the telescopes finish what they are doing.
It won’t be a new big bang. That’s a screwy idea put about by semi-educated reporters. You can safely ignore that. Comparing a faint whisper in a telescope to all the energy there ever was is a complete misapprehension of the scales involved.
I would be very surprised if it were an artificial event, as any civilization producing a signature large enough to be seen across intergalactic distances would surely be in the process of causing some cataclysm they had no hope of surviving. I do hope that isn’t the cause. It would be unutterably sad if our only evidence for extraterrestrial life was it extinguishing itself.
I am reasonably certain this is a natural, or physical, event of some kind. If natural, it still amounts to a cataclysm, as before, because of the magnitude. That is not a good thing for any nearby life, of course.
But, if it is an artificial emission, we should be very afraid. We should hope and pray to all our deities that the intelligence that can create such energy bursts is one that we never encounter. The level of energy we are discussing is what is released in a fraction of a second. In that fraction of time, more energy is expelled than our entire Sun will radiate in 10,000 years.
This would be in the grasp of a Type #3 civilization on the Kardashev scale of galactic intelligence. This is a civilization that can harness the power of galaxies of stars. Our puny human civilization does not even rank on this scale. We are less than zero. This civilization will have no more in common with us than we do to viruses. This disparity could conceivably even be greater than that.
I would bet that they have no idea we are here at all. Our bubble of radio waves we have emitted with all technology is infinitesimally small. Only a few thousand of systems have been a washed in our hyper-weak radio signals. That may sound bleak but it is not. It is a great thing. Because all conventional wisdom could point to a hyper-intelligence that would not distinguish us from background dirt.
Beste bezoeker, Heb je zelf al ooit een vreemde waarneming gedaan, laat dit dan even weten via email aan Frederick Delaere opwww.ufomeldpunt.be. Deze onderzoekers behandelen jouw melding in volledige anonimiteit en met alle respect voor jouw privacy. Ze zijn kritisch, objectief maar open minded aangelegd en zullen jou steeds een verklaring geven voor jouw waarneming! DUS AARZEL NIET, ALS JE EEN ANTWOORD OP JOUW VRAGEN WENST, CONTACTEER FREDERICK. BIJ VOORBAAT DANK...
Druk op onderstaande knop om je bestand , jouw artikel naar mij te verzenden. INDIEN HET DE MOEITE WAARD IS, PLAATS IK HET OP DE BLOG ONDER DIVERSEN MET JOUW NAAM...
Druk op onderstaande knop om een berichtje achter te laten in mijn gastenboek
Alvast bedankt voor al jouw bezoekjes en jouw reacties. Nog een prettige dag verder!!!
Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
