Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
07-03-2017
Astronaut Gordon Cooper: I witnessed a UFO Landing in 1957
Astronaut Gordon Cooper: I witnessed a UFO Landing in 1957
Leroy Gordon “Gordo” Cooper, Jr., one of the seven original astronauts of ‘Project Mercury’ the first manned space program of the United States witnessed a UFO landing in 1957. He is another astronaut who has seen an actual UFO.
In 1957, when Cooper was part of a special band of test pilots at the Edwards Air Force Base in California, he witnessed first-hand an actual UFO.
Cooper states:
“I had a camera crew filming the installation when they spotted a saucer. They filmed it as it flew overhead, then hovered, extended three legs as landing gear, and slowly came down to land on a dry lake bed! “These guys were all pro cameramen, so the picture quality was very good.”The camera crew managed to get within 20 or 30 yards of it, filming all the time. It was a classic saucer, shiny silver and smooth, about 30 feet across. It was pretty clear it was an alien craft. “As they approached closer it took off.”
According to Cooper, following standard procedures, when the camera crew game him the recording, he sent it to Washington and reported the UFO encounter. After that, all heck broke loose.
“After a while a high-ranking officer said when the film was developed I was to put it in a pouch and send it to Washington.”He didn’t say anything about me not looking at the film. That’s what I did when it came back from the lab and it was all there just like the camera crew reported.”
Leroy Gordon “Gordo” Cooper firmly believes that an extraterrestrial vehicle crashed at Roswell, N. Mexico in 1947, Cooper also believes the government recovered several ‘Alien beings’ from the crash.
“I had a good friend at Roswell, a fellow officer. He had to be careful about what he said. But it sure wasn’t a weather balloon, like the Air Force cover story. He made it clear to me what crashed was a craft of alien origin, and members of the crew were recovered.”
Cooper was among a list of highly ranked officials who believed that the people of this planet have the right to know about Alien life elsewhere in the cosmos.
Cooper added: “It started in World War 2, when the government didn’t want people to know about UFO reports in case they panicked,” said Cooper. “They would have been fearful it was superior enemy technology that we had no defense against.
“Then it got worse in the Cold War for the same reason. “So they told one untruth, they had to tell another to cover that one, then another, then another . . . it just snowballed. “And right now I’m convinced a lot of very embarrassed government officials are sitting there in Washington trying to figure a way to bring the truth out. They know it’s got to come out one day, and I’m sure it will. “America has a right to know!”
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Filer’s Files #10 – 2017 Royal Family’s Interest in UFOs - PART I
Triangle object captured over Phoenix, Arizona on February 25, 2017
Filer’s Files #10 – 2017 Royal Family’s Interest in UFOs - PART I
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Earl Mountbatten’s and Royal Family Interest in UFOs, SpaceX taking two civilians to the Moon in 2018, A great man Joseph Stefula Passes, Fast Walkers, Sweden on the Brink?, and George w. Bush admits that there are secret ufo files, on Jimmy Kimmel’s Show.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Kentucky, Minnesota, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Washington.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Argentina, Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Kazakhstan, Philippines, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
George A. Filer III
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Www.nationalUFOcenter.com. Now receiving 3 million hits a month
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
Earl Mountbatten’s and Royal Family Interest in UFOs
During the Second World War, Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten’s was Supreme Allied Commander, of South East Asia Command (1943–46).commander of all allied forces in South East Asia. UFOs were frequently reported in Northern India and China with a base in the Himalayan Mountains. He was the last Viceroy of India (1947) and the first Governor-General of independent India (1947–48). He was Commander of the Mediterranean Fleet in the early 50s and had personally seen UFOs up close. From 1954 until 1959 he was the First Sea Lord of the British Fleet the highest rank in the Royal Navy from 1954 until 1959.
.Admiral and Earl Mountbatten’s biography states, “What do you think about flying saucers?“ He asked his daughter Patricia in a 1948 letter. He had been discussing the phenomena with his trusted close friend Peter Murphy.
“They were both convinced that they come from another planet but we mutually and independently came to the conclusion that they were not aeroplanes with silly almost human pilots but are themselves the actual inhabitants: Martians, Venusians, Jupiterians or what have you. Why should life in another planet with entirely different conditions in any way resemble life on our planet? Their inhabitants might be ‘gaseous’ or circular or very large. The fact they can hover and accelerate from the Earth’s gravity and even resolve around a V2 Rocket in America (as reported by their head scientist) shows they are far ahead of us. If they really come over in a big way that may settle the capitalist communist war. If the human race wishes to survive they may have to band together.”Page 493 & 494 “Mountbatten” by Phillip Ziegler.
Mountbatten shown here with President Kennedy was one of the three Supreme Allied Commanders of World War II (the others were Eisenhower and MacArthur) with a quarter million personnel under his direct command. Later he was the last Viceroy of India, who orchestrated its independence from England. Mountbatten had a keen interest in UFOs and likely discussed UFOs with the President.
UFOs are frequently seen in India and Lord Mountbatten was likely to have received many reports regarding the craft. According to many tourists, Buddhist monks and the local people of Ladakh, the Indian Army maintains the line of control to keep people from entering the area near an alien base.Even today it is an open secret that from Kongka Pass area the tensed border between India and China, that strange lighted triangular silent crafts show up from an underground base and ascend almost vertically up. I have spoken with pilots who saw the craft in 1940 flying for Flying Tigers
Lord Louis Mountbatten. Mountbatten’s interest in UFOs became public knowledge in the early 1950s. Indeed, through journalistic contacts, he encouraged public discussion of them, thinking that here was a new phenomenon which deserved to be taken seriously. When one of the workers on Mountbatten’s estate was late for work one day, he gave the excuse that he had seen a UFO in the sky and had stopped to watch it. Mountbatten questioned him enthusiastically. In 1955 Lord Mountbatten investigated a UFO incident in his own back yard, literally, that put his theory to the test.
Earl Mountbatten held a deep interest in the UFO/Alien topic had allegedly seen UFOs up close. On February 25th 1955, Frederick Briggs, a retired Sergeant from the British Army, was working as a
maintenance man at Broadlands, the Hampshire home of Mountbatten (shown). Briggs was either riding or wheeling his bicycle in the grounds, covered in a light dusting of snow, when he reportedly saw a large craft that looked like a child’s top hovering over a field. He saw a column descend from the middle of the object with what appeared to be a small (5’ 6”) fair haired, humanoid wearing overalls and a helmet. On reaching almost ground level the humanoid noticed Briggs observing his descent.
g paralyzed by a strange light beam whilst the humanoid retreated back into the craft. Illustration of Briggs encounter with the UFO at Broadlands
As he arrived at the house, Mountbatten’s chauffeur noted Briggs, looked noticeably shocked. Being a good friend Briggs confided his amazing story to the chauffeur who concluded “You must tell the boss.” After some deliberation Briggs relented and met with his employer. Mountbatten produced a number of UFO photographs and asked Briggs if he could identify the craft he’d seen. Briggs recalls the Earl saying to him “we know about these things and are very interested in them”. They then went to site to see a perfect circle of snow had melted in the ground underneath where the craft had been hovering. There were also markings in the snow where Briggs had slipped with his bike. Mountbatten took Briggs back to the house and asked him to write out a statement which both men signed along with a drawing of the craft by Briggs.’
Mountbatten states in his report that he personally interviewed Mr. Briggs. He reported that Briggs : “…did not give the impression of being the sort of man who would be subject to hallucinations, or would in any way invent such a story……I have personally investigated the above claim by Mr. Briggs and I believe it to be true and correct ” Signed : Mountbatten of Burma
The story was going to be printed by the Sunday Graphic newspaper but pulled at the last moment when the editor changed his mind so as not to embarrass the Mountbatten family.
However this was not the end of the tale. In a discussion with
Desmond Leslie (shown) something strange happened to Briggs on the following day. Briggs was cycling to work up the same road to Broadlands when he encountered the blue uniformed humanoid, standing in the middle of the road, ahead of him. He stopped, shook the hand of the humanoid, who winced and explained, telepathically, that his race was not as strong as humans.
Briggs was then invited into the spacecraft and sat down alone in a small compartment with a triangular window. He was then allegedly transported to his chosen destination of the Pyramids of Giza. Briggs recalled the flight took all of about 10 minutes and he could see both above and the sides of the pyramid from the window. This somewhat confused him along with the whole experience only lasting around 30 minutes at most. Before he was returned to ground Briggs stated the alien said:
“If Lord Mountbatten met us he could change the world.” A rather bizarre statement when had they really wanted to contact the Earl they almost certainly could have done. It is odd that Mountbatten never admitted to seeing this craft or the humanoid(s) Briggs encountered on his grounds. Subsequently when Mountbatten was later told this second tale via a letter from Desmond to the Queen’s Private Secretary he dismissed it all as nonsense. Thanks to Flying Saucer Review V26 No. 5. Lord Mountbatten was assassinated by an IRA boat bomb while fishing off the coast.
Prince Philip Has Keen Interest in UFOs
Prince Philip is the Queen’s long term husband who is respected for his long public service in both war and peace time. Prince Philip also harbors a keen interest in the UFO phenomenon. While living in England I had the privilege of dining in with Prince Phillip, His Royal Highness and Duke of Edinburgh at Sculthorpe RAF Base. He told four of us officers about his keen interest in UFOs and that some of his relatives had seen them.
He reiterated what he stated much earlier in the press,
“There are many reasons to believe that they (UFOs) do exist. There is so much evidence from reliable witnesses.” Sunday Dispatch, London. March 28, 1954.
He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 15th January 1953. His other British service appointments are Field Marshal of the Army and Marshal of the Royal Air Force. Prince Philip achieved 5,986 hours in 59 types of aircraft. He was interested in our sightings over England.
He told me that, Admiral Earl ‘Dickie” Mountbatten, his uncle who raised him, who was at sea as the Fourth Sea Lord, and was Commander of the Mediterranean Fleet in the 50s had personally seen one.” Prince Phillip assured me he and his Uncle had strong interest in UFOs. Frankly he convinced me UFOs were real and a possible threat.
On Monday, November 30, 1981 ITN news broadcast a story that the Duke of Edinburgh was piloting a light aircraft 3 days earlier.
The plane was involved in a near miss with a Boeing 747 taking evasive action to avoid colliding with a UFO. The Times reported the incident the following day in a somewhat serious tone.
“Buckingham Palace confirmed last night that the Duke of Edinburgh was at the controls of an Andover of the Queen’s Flight when it was involved in a near miss with a jumbo jet carrying 200 passengers to Miami. The incident happened after a British Airways Boeing 747 had taken off from Heathrow airport on Friday and was climbing at 300 mph, according to reports.
The pilot took evasive action after seeing an ‘unidentified object fly across his field of vision. An inquiry is to be held as to why the near miss happened. The Duke will be required to submit a report.”
Nick Pope the former Civil Servant in charge of the UFO desk for the MoD has confirmed that the Duke of Edinburgh kept a map at Buckingham Palace with the locations of UFO sightings on his wall. The Duke even asked the British Air Ministry to send him a copy of their UFO reports.
He also encouraged his equerry (Senior Attendant), Sir Peter Horsley, to discreetly study UFO cases and to bring UFO witnesses to the Palace for private discussions.
Sir Peter Horsley
Sir Peter Horsley was a former World War II pilot and squadron leader. He entered the service of the Royals in July 1949 before returning to the RAF in 1956 where he rose through the ranks. His final role in the RAF was as Deputy Commander-in-Chief RAF Strike Command in 1973 before he retired.
In 1954 Horsley was invited, by a British Army ‘General Martin’, to meet an extraterrestrial being in a flat in London. Sir Peter was taken to a dimly lit room where he encountered one very mysterious man. Horsley recalls very little about any features of Mr. Janus in his autobiography “Sounds from Another Room”. Horsley states
“What is strange is that I have no lasting impression of him. He seemed to fit perfectly in his surroundings. If I have any impression it was his quiet voice which had a rich quality to it. He looked about 45 to 50 years old and was wearing a suit and a tie. He was quite normal in every way except that he seemed to be tuning into my mind and gradually took over the conversation. …by the end of the meeting I was quite disturbed really.”
A very odd encounter with the mysterious Janus
The conversation started with Janus asking Horsley about everything he knew about flying saucers. Janus explained that man was going through a Dark Age. Humanity was using technology like a child with new toys giving scant regard to his surroundings, nature and his fellow humans. He explained that in 20 or 30 years (remember this was 1954) that rockets and satellites would become commonplace and miniaturization of our technology and advances in communication would grow rapidly. However he stressed that Earth was in a backwater of the galaxy, inhabited by half civilized beings who posed a danger to their neighbors. Earth was visited from time to time but mainly by robot controlled probes. Occasional “physical” interference was necessary but a general rule of space exploration applied throughout the galaxy. “..Do not interfere with the natural development and order of life in the universe”.
At the end of a long conversation Sir Peter asked Janus what his specific interest was. To which Janus replied “I would like to meet the Duke of Edinburgh….a man of great vision, who believes strongly in the proper relationship between man and nature which will prove of great importance in future galactic harmony”. Horsley made a full verbatim report of his meeting.
He was disturbed by the fact that Janus could seemingly read his mind and had a significant knowledge of nuclear installations in Britain. Michael Parker, Prince Philip’s private secretary, treated the report as a joke but commented that the Duke of Edinburgh had actually kept an open mind to the whole affair.
Jimmy McCloskey reports Prince Charles, 66, and his dad Prince Philip, 93, allegedly had Flying Saucer Review posted in unmarked envelopes after Lord Mountbatten saw the interstellar craft. The astonishing claim was made by retired doctor-turned-UFO expert Steven Greer. Dr Greer also said he helped supply Charles with documents on alien encounters at the London premiere of Star Trek film First Contact in 1996.
The former A&E medic told the Daily Star:
“The late publisher, who was former British Intelligence, Gordon Creighton, told me personally that the royal family received it on a regular basis.
“Prince Philip and Princes Charles were very interested in it. “You can trace this back to the event where this object landed on Lord Mountbatten’s estate” Charles reportedly saw a UFO land in the garden. Dr Greer added: “You can trace this back to the event where this object landed on Lord Mountbatten’s place. “You’re not going to dismiss someone you love and trust the way you would some wild story you heard in the pub.”
he Sunday Mirror printed a story concerning Prince Charles the son of the Queen and Prince Phillip seeing a possible UFO on 21·March 1986, the story appeared. “Charles in UFO Riddle“. https://ehabich.info/singularity/ufo/tabloidcharles.jpg
Martin Brunt claimed that Prince Charles had a close encounter with a UFO, whilst returning from the USA in his RAF VC 10 aircraft on 23 February1986. His pilot reported a bright red flash that lit up the cockpit, as it did to four other planes then over the Irish Sea. Many hundreds of people in Ireland, and Wales saw it too. One of these was UFO investigator Jules Johnson in Belfast, who reported it to Armagh Observatory. It was a bright red ball of fire with a tail that streaked across the sky in a couple of seconds. He had no doubt what he had seen – until he read the Mirror! All you budding investigators out there tell me what a bright object with a tail streaking across the sky and clearly miles high in the atmosphere (because it was seen over such a wide area) what might it possibly be? Answers it was likely a fire ball meteor.
In view of this I find it very odd that Tim Good (who I know will read this and who- I greatly respect) should speculate that “any creature from outer space that is more advanced than us would be aware of the significance of: a. royal flight.” But it would be wrong to dismiss it. There are beings in space watching us very closely.” Thanks to Northern UFO News
Newlyweds, William and Kate April 26, 2011
Just prior to the royal wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton I predicted UFOs will likely be seen over London as it’s common to see UFOs around important events, and it’s highly possible they may also be watching the royal wedding. In fact there were suspicious craft in the sky during the wedding taken from World War II aircraft flying above the festivities, but nothing I could prove. The cameras were all on the newlyweds.
British people and a global audience enjoyed the pageantry of the royal wedding but did not report any UFOs. The Aol News story, which spread like wildfire through the British press and elsewhere, also quoted famous crop circle researcher Colin Andrews about the Queen’s interest in his first book Circular Evidence,
London Sun News reports: Wedding: ET ‘spying on Abbey’
A TOURIST filmed a UFO hovering over Westminster Abbey — the venue for tomorrow’s Royal Wedding. The 2½-minute video footage shows a shimmering white object in a cloudless blue sky near Big Ben.
LONDON – The videos of the Royal Wedding from multiple television coverage shows several possible UFOs over London on April 29, 2011. A cylinder shaped object is seen flying over the city not far from Westminster Abbey and could be an alien reconnaissance vehicle. As the wedding couple drive past the entrance to Buckingham Palace many in the crowd are looking at the sky rather than at the carriage at this apparent cylinder picked up on Fox News.
Later when Royal family comes out onto the balcony at Buckingham Palace a small apparently lighted object flies near the palace balcony pointed to and watched by the Royal family. Thanks to Fox News
Royal Wedding Crashers
London — Viewing this photograph found at link indicated within the photograph my attention was drawn to some people in the crowd. Their attention should have been drawn to the prince and duchess but some seem to be taking photos/filming obviously away, not a normal behavior considering they are there to see the prince and duchess. What are they looking up at? Zooming in the sky within the photograph I noted anomalies. The darkest of the three seem disc shape but at that distance what could it really be? The problem I have with a plane is I doubt any would be permitted to fly during the horse drawn carriage procession. Could these be birds? I noted other anomalies that would suggest birds but these three anomalies have my interest to have MUFON investigators further investigate film footage of the event at this location to identify what these are. http://ufostalker.com/event/28915
SpaceX taking two civilians to the Moon in 2018
It’s been a long time since humans orbited the moon — but Elon Musk’s SpaceX is going to try and change that next year. The company just announced that two private citizens approached SpaceX about a trip to the moon for late 2018. The two potential space travelers have already paid a “significant” deposit and SpaceX expects health and fitness tests along with initial training to take place this year.
SpaceX also says that other flight teams are interested in similar trips — if this first voyage works, we could see a whole sequence of trips around the moon in the near future.
SpaceX was careful to note that there’s no moon landing being attempted here. But still, this will be the first time in 45 years humans return to deep space, and the company says that these travelers will go further into the solar system than any humans have before. CNBC reports that the trip will take about a week. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk says that the trip will “skim the surface of the moon, go quite a bit further out into deep space,” and then return to earth.
Joseph J Stefula , age 71 passed away on March 2, 2017. He was a great friend of mine. He was awarded the Silver Star Medal in Vietnam for gallantry and Purple Heart in defending an outpost from over whelming Communist attacks.
He preceded me as New Jersey State Director of the Mutual Ufo Network Inc. He retired from the US Army has a Warrant Officer and had served in the U.S. Army Criminal Investigations Command, He used his investigative skills to search out excellent UFO cases and discovered that the military was tracking Fast Walkers (UFOs) entering leaving our atmosphere providing strong evidence of the reality of the phenomenon.. He was a very generous person with his time and resources. He was a Disabled veteran who served his nation in time of war and peace. He was a close friend of the late Remote Viewer Ingo Swan.
He died after his battle with chronic illness and an operation on his back. He is survived by his lovely wife Evelyn and children. Joe will be missed by many of us forever.
UFO Researcher Joe Stefula’s Revelations on Fast Walkers.
MAY 5, 1984, an alert was triggered at the North America Air Defense Command. Moving at 22,000 miles per hour, an object was heading toward Earth and had been determined to NOT be incoming ballistic missiles, or any other type of conventionally explainable object. Once tracked, it was code-named “Fast Walker”.
This object was first spotted by the ultra-sensitive orbiting USDSP satellites our county uses for detailed surveillance and air defense. These satellites have the infra-red capability to spot small heat sources on the surface of the earth and are time-proven as effective monitoring devices.
ite depiction of reversal of course by “Fast Walker” as it headed back toward open space.
At 1400 hours Zulu time, an object was spotted by a USDSP satellite and tracked as it sped first directly toward the Earth and passed in front and within 15 miles of the USDSP satellite. It suddenly and without impact or contact with other devices or obstructions curved outward, away from the Earth. It was tracked for another 9 minutes until it then disappeared.
What the data resolved was that it was a hot, fast, solid object that swept in from outer space. This information would probably have been totally kept from public view, but it was leaked to UFO Researcher Joe Stefula. Joe’s statement was “Where it appeared in the (satellite’s) sensor field would indicate that the object came into the sensor field from outer-space, went in front of the sensor, and left, departing back into deep space. It would indicate that it was some type of craft that had the ability to maneuver. And there you have hard evidence. You have telemetry from that satellite, you have information, you have systems, you have data that you can go back and investigate and check and verify. In the past, usually UFO events are of just eye-witness testimony… There you have a very sensitive defense system that sent you information to the ground. I don’t even know if you can solve it… maybe it’s one of those enigmas that are just going to be with us forever. What type of craft would have that ability? Some people might say, ‘A UFO’.”
If the Fast Walker had been a meteorite, it would have burned up in the Earth’s atmosphere. The fact that it changed trajectory so dramatically when it was headed directly toward the Earth at such a high speed, indicates emphatically that it was not a natural phenomenon. No natural object could’ve overcome the gravitational force of the Earth, especially when its speed and trajectory would compound the effect of the Earth’s gravitational pull. To have reversed course so drastically with these natural forces in place is truly astounding. Only intelligently controlled objects would be capable of such a maneuver proving the existence of UFOs. Thanks to Dave Kauble. SOURCE: Recovered from the Wayback Machine Archive
Sweden on the Brink?
SWEDEN is on the brink of becoming a lawless state as the police force is losing the battle against unprecedented levels of crime and violence amid a growing migrant crisis. Women are afraid to go out.
On average three police officers are handing in their resignations a day. If the alarming trend continues, more than 1,000 officers will have quit the service by year end. Since the migrant crisis began last summer, Sweden has been hit by a series of brutal crimes and violent incidents. The police force has reached breaching point as more than a million crimes were reported in 2016 over the previous year.
George w. Bush admits that there are secret ufo files, on Jimmy Kimmel’s Show
It is a tradition that every time a (former) US President comes to Jimmy Kimmel’s show he wants to know everything about UFOs and aliens. And so he asks George W. Bush the same question. Are there secret UFO files and will he share the secrets with us?
Bush said, “His daughters asked the same question but he won’t reveal info to anyone.”
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Filer’s Files #10 – 2017 Royal Family’s Interest in UFOs - PART II
Filer’s Files #10 – 2017 Royal Family’s Interest in UFOs - PART II
UFO Sightings in the United States
Arizona Triangle Light
Phoenix — We noticed that a helicopter was circling the area in a rather high speed on February25, 2017.
My children went out to look and started snapping photos of the helicopter when they noticed what can only be described as a large ball of energy. They snapped a photo but this object scared them and they ran in to get me. I was outside within 15 seconds and the object was no longer where they had pointed. Upon asking questions I was shown this attached photo. Can anyone explain what this is? Thanks to MUFON CMS
California Object
Powey – I went outside to check and see what was above my room that at first looked like a glowing boomerang shape or parachute with no person attached on July 11, 2011. I went back to grab the camera, and the object changed direction and ascended to 10,000 feet above ground.
I watched for a few minutes and filmed the orb like object to the east. At 6 pm I was already back in my computer and heard 3 sonic booms. The next afternoon at 5 pm, after work I saw three F-16s taking off from MCAS Miramar heading north. At the air show I asked where the F-16s were coming from, the Marine told me that it was MCAS Yuma had called for F-16s to intercept this UFO. So they came back to Miramar only to file report, refuel and rest before heading home. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Florida Lights
Homestead — This happened on February 25, 2016. Multiple reports suggest it was witnesed by a large number of people.
I am an aircraft mechanic and I can’t explain this video with my years in aviation.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Georgia Disc
Newnan – The first time I noticed it I was teaching my daughter about constellations in the front yard. We decided to get in the car on February 21, 2017.
With my husband, daughter, and son in the car we drove to the school and noticed it because it wasn’t like the other stars. We took out our phones and took pictures and recordings. It was going on and off like a light switch. On the way home it was the exact same thing the closer to our home which scared me a lot. I have seen it more times since that night. I believe it’s following me as there been noises outside and it’s outside right now! I’m scared for my children. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Hawaii Object
Kauai — Hiking the Kalalau Trail on the Napali Coast — the closest cities are Princeville and Hanalei on the island of Kauai on February 21, 2017
We took many photos that day…this was the only one where the object appeared.
It is not in the five other digital photos we took in this series where this object appears
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Illinois Blue Light
Oakland— I live in a semi rural area and my dog would not go out, so I went out with her on February 10, 2017. We were in the front yard, and I soon discovered why she didn’t want to be there. I had my cell phone in my coat pocket, so I pulled it out. I felt movement all around me, but didn’t see anything. I began taking pictures where I felt there was something moving. Also took a few short videos. Later when I went back in and looked through the pictures…I was shocked.
Still not sure what this small blue light was, but I’m going to submit 3 more instances with pictures of things that I cannot explain…since this first date. The last two for sure were saucer like UFO’s.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Kentucky Light
Glasgow— I was outside walking my dog when I first noticed the object around 7 pm. I started paying attention to the sound that was coming from the sky. I was able to capture video and sounds from the object. I am unsure what the object is or what it was doing. I just remember having the feeling like someone was watching me, and feeling very drawn to the bright light in the sky. I remember having cold chills and feeling very freaked out from what I was seeing. I watched the object for almost an hour move about in the sky sometimes fading to a distance and sometimes almost like it was shining a light beam in my exact direction. I went back inside and remained for the night. The following day when looking at the video and the picture I noticed in the picture I looked at the cloud like formation on the left side of the bright star shaped light in the sky and it appeared to have a shape of with a head and large eyes. It was like a cloud structure but it flew very low. Ever since I have felt like I am crazy. Let me know what you think? Thanks to MUFON
Minnesota glowing Object
Maple Grove — I have filmed a video and a few pictures over the last few weeks of sightings. Last night on February 24, 2017, was the latest sighting. I saw a glowing white refracting object. One video I got with an airplane in the night sky. There were no stars visible on this night and only object was visible. This has showed up in same spot several nights so I looked up the ISS. It was in area one night for a few minutes. My sighting was at night and ISS was to pass in my area at 5:30 AM. My video also lasted 1 minute past when the ISS is to be in view. Here are a few pictures. Thanks to William Puckett, Director Http://www.UFOsnw.com
New Jersey Rapid Movements
Old Tappan— I was walking my dog and saw red lights and rapid movements I immediately knew it was a UFO it was moving fast and slow.
Photo captured on February 19, 2017.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Pennsylvania Object
We were walking back from a park on March 1, 2017, and I turned around and saw it and we freaked out and started filming.
I thought it was a UFO right away. When we all looked at it turned away. I think it was watching us.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Washington Disc
Mount Shuksan – I was visiting with my friend and I took a picture from the parking lot. The first picture that I took had no people in it and no object, and then another tourist asked if I would like them to take our picture on August 1, 2007. I handed her my camera she took this picture within two minutes of the first one and in that picture there is something over Mount Shuksan. It was just strange as we did not see it as our back was to it. We just have it in our photograph of Mount Shuksan. My friend and I are in the foreground but not shown to zoom in on the “object.” I hope that you can tell me what this is or isn’t. For a long time, I have tried to figure it out. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Argentina Eclipse
cell phone. In one of the pictures watching in details, I saw this object, flying in the sky. I didn´t see it in the moment that I took the picture. I saw them in my computer and using zoom and other effects on the picture.
I sent the original picture with the object and the zoom in another picture.
Note: Orb in lower left may be a sun reflection on the lens. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Australia Light
Hobart — We were on vacation to Tasmania, Australia, when my aunt decided to take a photo at dawn on February 27, 2017.
We only noticed the object in the picture near the place we were staying at after the fact, so cannot say it was witnessed in person.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Canada Objects
Oshawa, Ontario – On Monday, February 20, 2017 while outside my home I noticed a very high flying white unknown object moving across the sky from west to east.
It moved on a straight flight path over my house. This object moved quite fast and only had less than a minute to try and capture it on film
Being camera ready I took thirteen pictures capturing it on four pictures at 10:58 to 10:59 am.
As you know February is a slow month to witness any UFO sighting
I suspect mid March sightings will pick up. Thanks again for your interest and time into the matter. Enjoy Paul Shishis
Lac St-Paul –In 1973, a group of people were having lunch one afternoon near Ferme-Neuve, Quebec and took 7 pictures of this UFO.
I don’t have them anymore but I remember that one could see that the object tilted at times in the air while hovering. All I have is a magnified version of the best picture which I kept over the years.
On the original picture, the object was about 1-2mm in size. There was another decent picture from the side but 45 degree tilted upward, the 5 other pictures were from under the UFO and would almost look like a disk. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Finland Lights
Oostende, Belgium — I was flying from London to Helsinki at night in a Finnair plane. Then I saw three bright lights. First I thought they were stars.
But then I noticed that the lights outlined a black triangle. The triangle hovered and went in different directions.
Then the lights went out and I couldn’t see the triangle anymore. The rest of the flight was normal.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Germany Pulsating Light
I saw a pulsating white blue light right over the rooftops of my neighborhood on February 24, 2017. I’ve never seen anything like it. No chopper, no known aircraft or military aircraft, I can assure that. It was way to close and too big to be a star, unless stars move underneath clouds now. I tried to film the sky too, to show the cloud covered black night. An aircraft flew in the direction of the object. You can see the tremendous size and brightness difference. The object was there for over three hours. Every time I filmed it longer than two minutes my phone gave me a warning of an unknown error and deleted the video. As I turned off mobile data connection and Wi-Fi, it had no issues anymore.
It was way larger than the video shows and was so bright it literally lit up our entire side of the block. The pulsation was so weird, it looked like rays from the stars but they kept extending and extending and suddenly it was just a sphere again. And then it repeated the whole thing. This is my third encounter. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Japan Green Light
I was in the window seat on the JR Train travelling north from Kyoto station to Takayama, on a clear day over a running river. I was photographing contrails above the train and was distracted by unusual activity in sky. Two photographs were taken with an I-Phone 6 Plus. The object flew along the river. It was green and brighter than all surrounding surfaces. I had no reactions until 20 seconds later viewing the last two photos.
I had no initial visual contact with orb and lost sight of object due to rapid movement in opposite directions.
Thanks to William Puckett, Director Http://www.UFOsnw.com
Kazakhstan Disk
Astana — A witness sent a photo analysis of a flying disk taken on July 5, 2016.
The witness did not say anything about what was seen and included no detail.
The witness was contacted for more detail, but no response has been received.
The witness sent several photos and an animation of analyzed photos.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Philippines Disc
This was my first days going to college the second week of June and my hobby was taking pictures of wonderful cloud formations. I was riding shotgun and I was amazed by this cloud formation and I snapped a few pictures at 8 Megapixels using my C7 Nokia phone on July 11, 2011. It was a perfect moment, but my mom whips me to sit back properly. It was during lunch when I finally checked the pictures and saw this clear spherical object. It made me shaking nervous at school and cannot think straight because I just saw a UFO. My brother said it might be UFO/ I was too scared to show my friends. When I heard just recently about MUFON I had to show you this. I also showed it to my relatives but they all shrugged and just nothing happened. Thanks to MUFON CMS
UK/England Lights
Scarborough — My father in law was watching a display team flying in formation over the North Bay on June 29, 2013. He took a few shots with his iPhone and when he reviewed them later that day he noticed the object in the picture. He did not notice it at the time and it did not show up in any other frames. I imported the picture into Iphoto on my Mac and was able to enlarge the image to show the approx size and shape in more detail. There was many other people watching the display and it is highly likely that this object was caught by another person with a camera. Thanks to MUFON CMS
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Our research is uncovering amazing truths by solving challenging projects deemed too difficult by other firms. We have had some success in finding missing persons. We could use your help in getting more results from our research. I have put together a DVD of the last seventeen years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings. Additionally, I have decided to include my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.
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06-03-2017
ROSWELL UFO CRASH – FIRST HAND WITNESS TESTIMONY – ONE WAS ALIVE !
ROSWELL UFO CRASH – FIRST HAND WITNESS TESTIMONY – ONE WAS ALIVE !
This is Gerald Anderson’s story of the Roswell UFO crash. He was interviewed by famous UFO researcher Stanton Friedman (the same researcher who first obtained Major Jesse A. Marcel’s testimony about the Roswell incident.
During this interview, Gerald Anderson tells of him as a young boy of walking up on a crashed UFO complete with its crew of 4 and with one alien creature still alive.
THE ROSWELL INCIDENT WAS, IN FACT, A CRASHED UFO
Anderson was out rock hunting with some family members on the Plains of St. Augustine near Socorro on the July 1947 morning that this event took place.
His testimony was polygraph proved, which proves that the UFO phenomenon is real and the Roswell Incident was, in fact, a crashed UFO.
When they were out rock hunting, they discovered a silver disk. There were three creatures, three bodies, lying on the ground underneath this thing in the shade. Two weren’t moving, and the third one obviously was having trouble breathing. There was a fourth one next to it, sitting there on the ground. There wasn’t a thing wrong with it, and it apparently had been giving first aid to the others.
After a couple of minutes, Anderson investigated the UFO and the alien that was still alive turned and looked at him. Anderson had the feeling the creature was inside of his mind. He could hear his thoughts.
A group of armed soldiers suddenly appeared. The extraterrestrial creature, which had calmed down after its initial fright, “went crazy” at the sight of the soldiers. Thinking back on the creature’s plight today brings on the “most awful, horrible feeling,” Anderson says.
“His situation was hopeless. He was aware of it. He’d just lived through a nightmare that most of us wouldn’t be able to psychologically stand. He’d watched two of his crew die. He knew there’s no chance of rescue because our military is here and his people aren’t going to be able to get him.
“As a kid, I was aware of what being afraid of the dark was like., and the feeling I got from him at the moment was that feeling multiplied a million times. It was really scary. It was terrifying.
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UFOS AND PROJECT MOON DUST
UFOS AND PROJECT MOON DUST
Over the years, ufologists have given a great deal of attention to a certain U.S. military program called Project Moon Dust (also referred to as Moondust). Its origins date back to the 1950s. The reason why so much attention has been placed upon Project Moon Dust is because of its potential connection to the issue of alleged crashed and recovered UFOs held by elements of the U.S. military – crash-retrievals or C/Rs as they are generally known. But, was Moon Dust really the key operation in secretly locating and recovering crashed ships from faraway worlds?
Back in 1979, the late UFO researcher Robert Todd obtained a 1961 Air Force Intelligence document (declassified under the terms of the Freedom of Information Act) which offered intriguing data on the program – and on certain related operations, too. Dated November 3, 1961, the document states in part:
“…In addition to their staff duty assignments, intelligence team personnel have peacetime duty functions in support of such Air Force projects as Moondust, Bluefly, and UFO, and other AFCIN directed quick reaction projects which require intelligence team operational capabilities…Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO): Headquarters USAF has established a program for investigation of reliably reported unidentified flying objects within the United States. AFR 200-2 delineates 1127th collection responsibilities…”
The document continues: “Blue Fly: Operation Blue Fly has been established to facilitate expeditious delivery to FTD of Moon Dust or other items of great technical intelligence interest. AFCIN SOP for Blue Fly operations, February 1960, provides for 1127th participation. Moon Dust: As a specialized aspect of its over-all material exploitation program, Headquarters USAF has established Project Moon Dust to locate, recover and deliver descended foreign space vehicles. ICGL #4, 25 April 1961, delineates collection responsibilities.”
That Moon Dust undertook some intriguing operations is not in any doubt. Hundreds of pages of Moon Dust files are now in the public domain – all thanks to the provisions of the FOIA. Aside, that is, from one allegedly leaked document, which tells a spectacular story ofUFOs, JFK and Marilyn Monroe. That it sounds too good to be true is because it probably is. The FOIA files tell of the recoveries of Soviet missiles, parts of aircraft, and portions of burned-up satellites. But what about UFOs? There is no doubt that the November 3, 1961 document refers to both UFOs and Project Moon Dust. The Air Force’s very own words make the connection. But, when the Air Force referenced UFOs, what, exactly, were they talking/thinking about? That is, perhaps, the most important aspect of this admittedly intriguing affair.
For many people within the field of Ufology, the term “UFO” firmly equates to “alien spacecraft.” But, does it really? No, it does not. A UFO is just an unknown object flying in the sky – and that is all it is. At least, until we know better. We can find more than a few examples in the Moon Dust files where the word “UFO” is used, but where the data was clearly focusing on Russian satellites, rocket-boosters and so on. In some cases, members of the public perceived the Earth-bound, falling remains of those satellites and rocket-boosters as UFOs, when they were seen hurtling through the Earth’s atmosphere. Studying those reports from members of the public who thought they had seen UFOs (as in craft from other worlds) helped U.S. military intelligence to find and recover wrecked/crashed Russian technology.
In other words, it is clear that on many occasions Moon Dust personnel were looking at UFO reports to try and determine if the sightings corr elated with the sightings/crashes of Soviet technology. Sometimes they did. On other occasions, they drew a blank. Maybe Project Moon Dust operatives did recover alien spacecraft on one or more occasions. But, there is absolutely no evidence of that so far. There is, however, a great deal of data which – when interpreted in an unbiased fashion – shows that Moon Dust personnel were using the word “UFO” for something akin to “probable decaying Soviet satellite” and not to “aliens fromZeta Reticuli.”
Scientists have learned that Ceres’ bright spots are only about 4 million years old. And – to geologists – youth means activity and, in this case, ice volcanos.
Coolest Ceres bright spot image yet? Stereoscopic 3D and false-color image of a part of Occator crater, within which the bright spots reside. The image clearly shows the bright spots’ dome shape.
The dwarf planet Ceres’ bright spot controversy has all but been laid to rest. We don’t often see claims anymore that they’re a sign of extraterrestrial life, as we did in 2015, when the Dawn spacecraft first spotted them on approach to Ceres. Now Dawn has been orbiting Ceres for nearly two years, moving into various orbits that have given it multiple perspectives on the planet. We’ve learned that Ceres has many bright spots and that they’re salt deposits. But scientists are still studying Ceres’ bright spots. On March 6, 2017, the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS) said that scientists have, for the first time, determined the spots’ age. They are only about four million years, some 30 million years younger than Occator crater, the crater within which they lie. This results suggests eruptive outbursts of sub-surface brine on Ceres over a long period, until “almost recently.”
Ceres is thus the body closest to the sun that shows cryovolcanic [ice volcanic] activity.
Dawn’s scientific imaging system – the Dawn Framing Cameras – were developed and built and are operated under the leadership of the MPS. Researchers there have been investigating the complex geologic structures the cameras have revealed. At its lowest orbit – the so-called Low Altitude Mapping Orbit – Dawn was only 235 miles (375 km) above Ceres’ surface. Detailed images of Occator crater showed fractures, avalanches, and younger, smaller craters. Andreas Nathues, Framing Camera Lead Investigator, said:
In these data, the origin and evolution of the crater as it presents itself today can be read more clearly than ever before.
Here’s the image that set off the Ceres bright spot controversy in 2015. NASA’s Dawn spacecraft acquired it on approach to Ceres, at a distance of some 29,000 miles (46,000 km). Although some thought they heralded alien life, the bright spots turned out to be salt deposits.
Located in Ceres’ northern hemisphere, Occator crater is 57 miles (92 km) wide. In its center is a pit with a diameter of about 7 miles (11 km). On some parts of its edges, jagged mountains and steep slopes rise up to 2,460 feet (750 meters). Within the pit a bright dome formed. It has a diameter of about 2 miles (3 km), is about 1,300 feet (400 meters) high and displays prominent fractures. MPS scientist Thomas Platz commented:
This dome contains the brightest material on Ceres.
Nathues and his team interpret the central pit with its rocky, jagged ridge as a remnant of a former central mountain. It formed as a result of the impact that created Occator Crater some 34 million years ago and collapsed later. They believe the dome of bright material is much younger: only approximately four million years. Their statement explained:
The key to determining these ages was the accurate counting and measuring of smaller craters torn by later impacts. This method’s basic assumption is that surfaces showing many craters are older than those that are less strongly ‘perforated.’ Since even very small craters are visible in highly resolved images, the new study contains the most accurate dating so far.
These scientists are now speaking of a “recurring, eruptive process” on Ceres. They say a look into Jupiter’s system of moons supports this theory. The jovian moons Callisto and Ganymede, for example, show domes similar to that found in Ceres’ Occator crater.
Researchers interpret them as volcanic deposits and thus as signs of ice volcanism (cryovolcanism) since Ceres is too small and too far from the sun to have hot magma at its core.
False color mosaic showing parts of Occator crater. The images were taken from a distance of 235 miles (375 km). The left side of the mosaic shows the central pit containing the brightest material on Ceres. It measures 7 miles (11 km) in diameter and is partly surrounded by jagged mountains. In the middle of the pit a dome towers 1,300 feet (400 meters) high covered by fractures. It has a diameter of three kilometers. The right side of the mosaic shows further, less bright spots in Occator crater.
The large impact that tore the giant Occator crater into the surface of the dwarf planet must have originally started everything and triggered the later cryovolcanic activity.
Following the disruption of the impact, the brine researchers suspect either as a complete layer or as scattered patches under the rocky mantle was able to move closer to the surface. The lower pressure allowed water and dissolved gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, to escape forming a system of vents. At the surface, fractures appeared through which the saturated solution erupted from the depth.
The deposited salts gradually formed the present dome, with the last of these eruptions creating the present surface of the dome four million years ago.
This view of the whole Occator crater shows the brightly colored pit in its center and the cryovolcanic dome. The jagged mountains on the edge of the pit throw their shadows on parts of the pit. This image was taken from a distance of 918 miles (1,478 km) above Ceres’ surface.
Volcanoes could make some planets warm enough for alien life
Volcanoes could make some planets warm enough for alien life
One of the newly discovered planets around the red dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 could have hydrogen-spewing volcanoes that could boost the temperatures of seemingly frigid alien planets enough to maintain liquid water on their surface.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH/R. HURT, T. PYLE (IPAC)
Hydrogen-spewing volcanoes could boost the temperatures of seemingly frigid alien planets enough to maintain liquid water on their surfaces, making the worlds potentially habitable to life as we know it, a new study suggests.
If the newfound TRAPPIST-1h — the most distant of a set of seven Earth-size worlds that orbit a dwarf star just 39 light-years from Earth — boasted such volcanoes, it could be warm enough to hold onto water, study team members said.
In the past, scientists determined that the “habitable zone” — the range of distances from a star that can support liquid water on a world’s surface -- expands when planets have hydrogen in their atmospheres. However, because hydrogen is such a light gas, it quickly escapes to space, leaving such planets devoid of it within a few tens of millions of years. [5 Amazing Facts About the TRAPPIST-1 System (Video)]
But active volcanoes could change that, according to the new study.
“Our volcanic-hydrogen habitable zone is different, because so long as volcanism is intense enough, it can outpace the rate at which hydrogen escapes into space,” lead author Ramses Ramirez, a planetary scientist at Cornell University in New York, told Space.com by email.
Ramirez and fellow planetary scientist Lisa Kaltenegger, also at Cornell, examined how active hydrogen-rich volcanos could continue to resupply a planet with a hydrogen atmosphere. They found the activity could increase the size of the habitable zone by as much as 60 percent, dramatically extending the region where habitable planets might lie.
According to Ramirez, the increased volcanism “allows potentially habitable conditions for much longer geologic timescales.”
Improving the odds
The hunt for signs of life on worlds beyond the solar system tends to focus on the habitable zone, because water is crucial to life as we know it. (While other evolutionary paths are possible, scientists prefer to focus on the one known to have succeeded at least once.)
While studying possibilities for early Mars, Ramirez and Kaltenegger realized that massive outgassing of hydrogen early in the life of the Red Planet could have made for a warmer, wetter world.
“I liked the idea enough that I decided to extend it to the habitable zone,” Ramirez said.
Stellar temperature versus distance from the star compared to Earth for the classic habitable zone (shaded blue) and the volcanic habitable zone extension (shaded red).
R. RAMIREZ, CARL SAGAN INSTITUTE, CORNELL UNIVERSITY
The process works well for small planets like Mars, where internal processes would keep the mantle hydrogen-rich. When volcanoes spew lava from the mantle, they can release hydrogen and hydrogen-rich gases into the atmosphere. A hydrogen-rich atmosphere could bump out the outer edge of the habitable zone by as much as 60 percent, giving more worlds the opportunity to hold onto their life-giving water, Ramirez and Kaltenegger said.
That doesn’t mean larger worlds are out of luck. While massive super-Earths are more likely to release hydrogen-poor gases into the air, they could still have enough volcanoes spewing material to outpace the escape of hydrogen into space. Such large worlds also have gravity on their side and are more likely to boast magnetic fields, both of which slow down hydrogen’s escape into space.
The exact properties of these volcanoes would depend on their home planet. A planet’s mass (which affects how strongly gravity tugs at the lava) and whether it has plate tectonics play key roles in building its volcanoes. On Earth, collision and disruption of the crust through tectonics mix up the material that becomes the lava, creating a variety of chemical compositions. On Mars, where gravity is low and the crust is a single large plate, Ramirez said, volcanic material is less evolved, and the lava flows pile up to create huge volcanoes, including the largest in the solar system, Olympus Mons. [Supervolcanoes Found On Mars (Video)]
Dense hydrogen atmospheres on alien worlds could still bear a strong similarity to Earth’s. That could have implications for our young planet, Ramirez said.
“One idea suggested that hydrogen gas concentrations may have been high on the early Earth,” he said. (Today, hydrogen is but a trace component of Earth’s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen.) “If that hypothesis is true, early Earth may have resembled these hydrogen-rich exoplanets.”
Last week, scientists announced the discovery of the TRAPPIST-1 system, a series of seven rocky worlds, each about the same size as Earth, around a dwarf star. At least three of the worlds appear to fall within the habitable zone, assuming they have Earth-like atmospheres.
Treasure trove of new planets found
TRAPPIST-1h, the most distant of the seven worlds, seems to be out in the cold. But if the small planet has volcanoes venting hydrogen gas, it could just make the cut for habitability, study team members said.
According to Ramirez, TRAPPIST-1h lies just outside the new volcanic hydrogen habitable zone.
“But it is really close,” he said. If volcanoes on the planet released a bit more hydrogen than the team’s models call for, it could hold onto liquid water, he added.
That could mean good news in the hunt for life. Because the TRAPPIST-1 system lies only 39 light-years from Earth, it will make a good target for studying the atmospheres of planets with observatories like NASA’s $8.8 billion James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to launch in late 2018.
Exoplanet atmospheres are beginning to release their secrets. When a world passes between Earth and its star, the planet’s atmosphere absorbs some of the light, allowing scientists to study the atmosphere’s composition.
Even if “biosignature” gases were found in a planet’s atmosphere, it could still be a challenge to determine if they were produced by living organisms or through other processes, Ramirez said. Still, just locating the signatures would be easier with volcanically active worlds, since hydrogen “puffs up” the atmosphere around a planet, creating a larger atmospheric signal that would be easier to study.
“Biosignatures would be easier to detect in these hydrogen-rich atmospheres,” Ramirez said.
Not just one, but seven Earth-size planets that could potentially harbour life have been identified orbiting a tiny star not too far away, offering the first realistic opportunity to search for signs of alien life outside the solar system. The planets orbit a dwarf star named Trappist-1, about 40 light years, or 235 trillion miles, from Earth. That is quite close in cosmic terms, and by happy accident, the orientation of the orbits of the seven planets allows them to be studied in great detail.
One or more of the exoplanets in this new system could be at the right temperature to be awash in oceans of water, astronomers said, based on the distance of the planets from the dwarf star. “This is the first time so many planets of this kind are found around the same star,” Michael Gillon, an astronomer at the University of Liege in Belgium and the leader of an international team that has been observing Trappist-1, said during a telephone news conference organised by the journal Nature, which published the findings last month. Evidence of life Scientists could even discover compelling evidence of aliens. “I think that we have made a crucial step toward finding if there is life out there,” said Amaury HMJ Triaud, an astronomer at the University of Cambridge in England and another member of the research team. “Here, if life managed to thrive and releases gases similar to that we have on Earth, then we will know.”
Cool red dwarfs are the most common type of star, so astronomers are likely to find more planetary systems like that around Trappist-1 in the coming years. “You can just imagine how many worlds are out there that have a shot to becoming a habitable ecosystem,” Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator of NASA’s science mission directorate, said during a recent NASA news conference. “Are we alone out there? We’re making a step forward with this — a leap forward, in fact — towards answering that question.”
Telescopes on the ground now and the Hubble Space Telescope in orbit will be able to discern some of the molecules in the planetary atmospheres. The James Webb Space Telescope, scheduled to launch next year, will peer at the infrared wavelengths of light, ideal for studying Trappist-1. Comparisons among the different conditions of the seven will also be revealing. “The Trappist-1 planets make the search for life in the galaxy imminent,” said Sara Seager, an astronomer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA who was not a member of the research team. “For the first time ever, we don’t have to speculate. We just have to wait and then make very careful observations and see what is in the atmospheres of the Trappist planets.”
Even if all the planets turn out to be lifeless, scientists will have learned more about what keeps life from flourishing. Astronomers always knew other stars must have planets, but until a couple of decades ago, they had not been able to spot them.
Now they have confirmed more than 3,400, according to the Open Exoplanet Catalogue. The authors of the Nature paper include Didier Queloz, one of the astronomers who discovered in 1995 the first known exoplanet around a sunlike star.
While the Trappist planets are about the size of Earth — give or take 25% in diameter — the star is very different from our Sun. Trappist-1, named after a robotic telescope in the Atacama Desert of Chile that astronomers initially used to study the star, is what astronomers call an “ultracool dwarf,” with only one-twelfth the mass of the Sun and a surface temperature of 4,150 degrees Fahrenheit, much cooler than the 10,000 degrees radiating from the Sun. Trappist is a shortening of Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope. During the NASA news conference, Michael gave a simple analogy: If our Sun were the size of a basketball, Trappist-1 would be a golf ball.
Until the last few years, scientists looking for life elsewhere in the galaxy have focused on finding Earth-size planets around Sun-like stars. But it is difficult to pick out the light of a planet from the glare of a bright star. Small dim dwarfs are much easier to study. Last year, astronomers announced the discovery of an Earth-size planet around Proxima Centauri, the closest star at 4.24 light years away. That discovery was made using a different technique that does not allow for study of the atmosphere. Trappist-1 periodically dimmed noticeably, indicating that a planet might be passing in front of the star, blocking part of the light. From the shape of the dips, the astronomers calculate the size of the planet.
Trappist-1’s light dipped so many times that the astronomers concluded, in research reported last year, that there were at least three planets around the star. Telescopes from around the world then also observed Trappist-1, as did the Spitzer Space Telescope of NASA. Spitzer observed Trappist-1 nearly around the clock for 20 days, capturing 34 transits.
Crucial observations Together with the ground observations, it let scientists calculate not three planets, but seven. The planets are too small and too close to the star to be photographed directly. All seven are very close to the dwarf star, circling more quickly than the planets in our solar system. The innermost completes an orbit in just 1.5 days. The farthest one completes an orbit in about 20 days. That makes the planetary system more like the moons of Jupiter than a larger planetary system like our solar system.
Because the planets are so close to a cool star, their surfaces could be at the right temperatures to have water flow, considered one of the essential ingredients for life.
The fourth, fifth and sixth planets orbit in the star’s “habitable zone,” where the planets could sport oceans. So far that is just speculation, but by measuring which wavelengths of light are blocked by the planet, scientists will be able to figure out what gases float in the atmospheres of the seven planets. So far, they have confirmed for the two innermost planets that they are not enveloped in hydrogen.
That means they are rocky like Earth, ruling out the possibility that they were mini-Neptune gas planets that are prevalent around many other stars. If observations reveal oxygen in a planet’s atmosphere, that could point to photosynthesis of plants — although not conclusively. But oxygen together with methane, ozone and carbon dioxide, particularly in certain proportions, “would tell us that there is life with 99% confidence,” Michael said. Astronomers expect that a few decades of technological advances are needed before similar observations can be made of Earthlike planets around larger, brighter sunlike stars.
Scientists claim Mars was once completely covered in water - and may have harboured alien LIFE
Scientists claim Mars was once completely covered in water - and may have harboured alien LIFE
Minerals found on Martian meteorite could provide evidence that life once existed on the Red Planet
BY BEN CUSACK
Scientists analysing minerals found on Martian meteorites say that Mars may well have once been completely covered in water.
They found evidence that a mineral found in Martian meteorites - which had been considered as proof of an ancient dry environment on Mars - may have originally been a hydrogen-containing mineral.
This means that there could have been more water on Mars at one stage - possibly covering the entire red planet in oceans.
The research was conducted in part by scientists at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, who led an international research team in the study, created a synthetic version of a hydrogen-containing mineral known as whitlockite.
After shock-compression experiments on whitlockite samples that simulated the conditions of ejecting meteorites from Mars, the researchers studied their microscopic makeup with X-ray experiments with top-of-the-line machinery.
The Mojave Crater on Mars, which is believed to be the source of some Martian meteorites found on Earth, is pictured here in a rendering produced by the HIRISE camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter(Photo: NASA/SWNS.COM)
Martin Kunz, a staff scientist at Berkeley Lab's ALS who participated in X-ray studies of the samples, said: "This is important for deducing how much water could have been on Mars, and whether the water was from Mars itself rather than comets or meteorites."
Their experiments showed that whitlockite can become dehydrated from such shocks, forming merrillite, a mineral that is commonly found in Martian meteorites but does not occur naturally on Earth.
Study co-lead Professor Oliver Tschauner (corr) from UNLV said: "If even a part of merrillite had been whitlockite before, it changes the water budget of Mars dramatically."
And because whitlockite can be dissolved in water and contains phosphorous, an essential element for life on Earth, the study further increases the chances there could have been life on Mars.
Prof Tschauner said: "The overarching question here is about water on Mars and its early history on Mars: Had there ever been an environment that enabled a generation of life on Mars?"
This view of Mars was created from about 1,000 Viking Orbiter images(Photo: NASA/SWNS.COM)
The pressures and temperatures generated in the shock experiments, while comparable to those of a meteorite impact, lasted for only about 100 billionths of a second, or about one-tenth to one-hundredth as long as an actual meteorite impact.
The fact that experiments showed even partial conversion to merrillite in these lab-created conditions, a longer duration impact would likely have produced "almost full conversion" - which could be why they cannot find any whitlockite in their Martian samples.
He added that this latest study appears to be one of the first of its kind to detail the shock effects on synthetic whitlockite, which is rare on Earth.
Researchers blasted the synthetic whitlockite samples with metal plates fired from a gas-pressurised gun at speeds of up to 1,678 miles per hour, at ultra-high pressure - to simulate being blasted out to space from Mars.
There is evidence that liquid water flows on Mars today, though there has not yet been scientific proof that life has ever existed on Mars.
This mosaic of images from the Curiosity rover's Mast Camera shows evidence of ancient lake and stream deposits on Mars(Photo: NASA/SWNS.COM)
In 2013, planetary scientists reported that darkish streaks that appear on Martian slopes are likely related to occasional rivers flowing down the hills.
And in November 2016, NASA scientists reported that a large underground body of water ice in one region of Mars contains the equivalent of all of the water in Lake Superior, the largest of the Great Lakes.
Rover explorations have also found evidence of the former abundance of water based on analysis of surface rocks.
READ MORE
Prof Tschauner added: "The only missing link now is to prove that merrillite had, in fact, really been Martian whitlockite before.
"We have to go back to the real meteorites and see if there had been traces of water."
The study was published today (Tues) in the journal Nature Communications
Peru: A Dozen UFOs Suspend Flights in Peru's Jorge Chavez Airport
Peru: A Dozen UFOs Suspend Flights in Peru's Jorge Chavez Airport
Source: Planeta UFO and Radio Santiago (Chile) https://www.radiosantiago.cl/archivo/4907 Date: March 3, 2017
Peru: A Dozen UFOs Suspend Flights in Peru's Jorge Chavez Airport
A flotilla of UFOs allegedly caused the suspension of flight operations at the Jorge Chávez Airport in El Callao (Perú). The sighting ocurred during the month of February, and what startled Peruvian ufologists is that the Corporación Peruana de Aeropuertos y Aviacion Comercial (CORPAC, Peruvian Airports and Commercial Aviation Corporation) recorded the incident in an official document.
With regard to the alleged sighting of the UFO flotilla in the Jorge Chavez Internationa Airport's airspace, ufologist Mario Zegarra says CORPAC filed official documents recording the incident, which hindered air oeprations that evening.
According to Zegarra, there are recordings capturing conversations between the control tower and those pilots unable to take off or land in the airport for at least three hours.
"The radar at Jorge Chavez captured 12 unidentified contacts on its screen, each identified with code 0000 for UFO," said Zegarra.
Another ufologist, Joshue Cornejo, says that a UFO was recorded at 7:38 that evening using night vision equipment. "These objects cannot be seen unaided," Cornejo noted, but can be captured on the infrared band."
UFO specialist Mario Zegarra will hold a conference on March 11th in Miraflores.
[Translation (c) 2017, S. Corrales (IHU) with thanks to Guillermo Giménez, Planeta UFO]
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Jimmy Kimmel asks another former president about UFO secrets
Jimmy Kimmel asks another former president about UFO secrets
Jimmy Kimmel is at it again, this time with former POTUS George Bush. Kimmel has a habit of asking presidents – and a presidential candidate -what they know about UFOs and the government’s secret files. Bush was on the hot seat last week, and his answers might make some scratch their heads.
George Bush answering UFO questions on Jimmy Kimmel Live.
(Credit: YouTube/Jimmy Kimmel Live)
Kimmel broached the topic by asking:
“This is a question, first, that I think is important to me and to the country. When you were in office, I don’t know when this happened or if it happened, did you go through the secret files, the UFO documents? Because…”
Bush interrupted, “Maybe.”
Kimmel finished his question, “…that would be the first thing I did.”
Bush responded: “My daughters asked the same question.”
Kimmel was surprised by this, and asked, “Would you be allowed to tell your daughters what was in those files?”
“No,” Bush replied.
Kimmel continued to push, “Now that you’re out of office, you can do anything you want, right?”
“True. But I am not telling you,” Bush replied.
Kimmel then sought to clarify, “Are you not telling me you looked at them?”
“I’m not telling you nuthin’,” Bush responded. This got a chuckle out of the crowd and Kimmel.
However, Kimmel was not done yet. He asked, “Are there really great secrets that you know that you can’t share with people?”
“Yeah,” Bush replied.
Kimmel then asked, “There are? And you never write about them?”
“No,” Bush replied.
Kimmel then suggested perhaps Bush would write about it later in life, like when he is 90.
“No,” Bush replied.
Still pressing, Kimmel asked, “Nothing? What if you were to get a little loopy and…”
“Start drinking again?,” Bush asked.
Kimmel laughed, and agreed. “Yeah. Start drinking again. Guillermo, get some tequila!”
Bush and Kimmel laugh during UFO discussion on Jimmy Kimmel Live.
(Credit: YouTube/Jimmy Kimmel Live)
That was the extent of their ET conversation, as you can see in the video above. The conversation was actually very interesting. Bush seemed to imply he has seen UFO files of which he cannot share the content. Was he kidding? In this setting, one which is about getting laughs, that could be assumed. However, during much of the conversation, Bush did not appear to be joking.
If Bush really has seen UFO files that are top secret and still under wraps, that would be significant. Thus far, every president has denied that such a thing exists. Obama said the aliens would not let him tell Kimmel about the secret files, but he did seem to be joking. Clinton said he looked for secret government UFO files, but did not find any. At least once, he did imply that career bureaucrats could be keeping them secret for him. One of our previous stories on this, and Clinton’s talk with Kimmel, was found in recent WikiLeaks.
Ben Hansen presenting his analysis of other presidential interviews regarding UFOs and aliens at the 2017 International UFO Congress.
(Credit: UFOCongress.com/OpenMinds.tv)
Ben Hansen, former host of the Syfy program Fact or Faked: The Paranormal Files, has examined previous statements by presidents, or presidential hopefuls, and he says there is some indication that there is something to hide. He admits, he is not sure what the something is, or if it is UFO or ET related. He intends to scrutinize this video, and when he does, we will let you know what he finds out.
As a kid growing up I learned that all Earth life relied either directly or indirectly upon sunlight and an atmosphere with O2, textbook stuff. Then in the late 1970’s, biologists discovered Riftia pachyptila, chemosynthetic tube worms, living around black smoker vents at the the bottom of the Pacific Ocean not far from the Galapagos Islands, the birthplace of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
Life has never been the same since.
In the early 1990’s Bacillus infernus, a bacterium, was discovered 10,000 feet beneath a farmer’s field in Virginia, where it or its ancestors had been living for 200 million years. Since then entire ecosystems have been uncovered residing miles beneath the surface in deep fractures sustained indefinitely by nothing more than the desultory decay of radiogenic uranium, thorium and potassium or the anemic oxidation of iron-bearing minerals.
With all of this life flourishing in what was previously believed to be a sterile dominion, you can’t help but look at the images of the ancient Martian surface and wonder if life also exists beneath its frozen, dessicated surface. If you had openly asked a question like that in the 16thcentury you would have been burned at the stake, like Giordano Bruno, an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher and the first astrobiologist. More than a hundred years ago, Percival Lowell believed that he could see evidence of an extraterrestrial civilization living on the surface of Mars, but that optical illusion, along with his scientific credibility, was dispelled within fifteen years of his discovery. In 1901 H. G. Wells, a contemporary of Lowell, published The First Men in the Moon, in which he constructed a fantastically sophisticated society of insect-like creatures, Selenites, living beneath the lunar surface. Since then, the concept of extraterrestrial subsurface life has figured frequently in science fiction novels and movies, even episodes of Star Trek and Star Trek: The Next Generation. It is certainly true that if you burrow miles into the Moon or Mars, you will reach a temperature at which fresh liquid water, the essential ingredient for life as we know it, can exist.
But can life survive miles beneath a planet’s surface for billions of years even when that surface is inimical to it? To find out, our team went miles beneath the surface of our own planet, into the mines of South Africa where gold is extracted from the 3 billion year old sedimentary and volcanic rock of the Witwatersrand Basin. This basin has not been metamorphosed since a meteor impacted it 2 billion years ago, creating the colossal Vredefort Impact structure. In the fissures and crevices workers intersected during ultra-deep mining we found saline water that was tens to hundreds of millions of years old, full of hydrogen and methane gas generated by radiation and a natural form of Fischer-Tropsch organic synthesis. And in that water we found complex communities of life forms busily mining nutrients and energy from the rock.
The bedrock of the communities were chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria and Archaea that were fixing CO2 and N2 to make biomass. Feeding off their metabolic waste were other chemolithotrophs engaged in a syntrophic dance by excreting their own waste products to be recycled by the primary producers. Even more abundant were the viruses that were shuttling snippets of genes to be incorporated into the evolving microbial genomes. The most dramatic discovery was the presence of multicellular nematodes feeding on the bacteria and reproducing asexually. Similar subsurface communities and, in some cases, the same species have been reported in seafloor vents even though this part of South Africa has been covered by ocean water for 2.5 billion years. One of our primary producers was bacterial species found to be chemotactic and apparently migrating hundred of kilometers beneath the surface. We named it Desulforudis audaxviator. Audaxviator is derived from Jules Verne’s book, Journey to the Center of the Earth, and is Latin for “bold traveller.”
The longevity and internal sustainability of subsurface ecosystems on Earth means that if life emerged early on Mars, then there is no reason to believe it would not be present beneath the surface today. Drilling down miles through frozen rock to reach liquid water on Mars to obtain samples of the subsurface biosphere will likely have to await human colonization of that planet. But many other worlds such as Europa, Enceladus, and even Pluto, have liquid water at depth, an in the case of Europa and Enceladus vent this water to space as plumes that could be readable sampled for life. Yet these planetary bodies differ from Mars in that their surfaces were never habitable for life as we know it. For life to exist beneath their icy crusts, the processes leading to the origin of life have to be able to occur in the absence of sunlight.
As we do not have a complete picture of how life originated on the Earth, but rather just a few pieces of the puzzle, we cannot say with certainty if life can originate beneath the surface of a world. The late physicist Tommy Gold hypothesized that life may have originated beneath the surface of the Earth and subsequently rose to colonize the surface as ocean-evaporating meteorite impacts waned and the surface became more hospitable. Today regions of ancient continental crust exist where DNA life forms and their remains have been completely eradicated by geological heating in the past, or “paleopastuerization.” They are now cool and contain pockets of saline water that are habitable, and in some cases have been isolated from the surface for hundreds of millions to billions of years.
If Tommy Gold was right, then these Darwinian “warm little ponds” may be the locus of ongoing abiotic synthesis of building blocks for life, peptides and nucelotides. If there were any place on this planet where life forms exist as a “shadow biosphere” and do not have the signature ribosomal RNA, it would be the deep subsurface of our planet. Such a discovery would have enormous implications for life elsewhere in our solar system. We only have to go hunt for them.
Dark, narrow streaks on the slopes of Hale Crater are believed to have been formed by seasonal flow of water on the surface of Mars Nasa
Scientists have found that Mars was likely far wetter – and capable of supporting life – than we previously thought.
A new study, which simulated Martian meteorites to understand more about its ancient environment, suggests that our history of the planet's surface might be entirely wrong.
Until now, a specific mineral found in Martian meteorites was used as proof that the planet had an ancient, dry environment. But in fact it might have contained hydrogen, which may see the history of the Red Planet rewritten into one far more covered with water.
Water is thought to be one of the central building blocks and requirements of life, and any discovery of water vastly improves the chances that the planet was inhabited.
The study also found that the important material could help create phosphorous – another essential element for life on Earth, and perhaps on Mars.
In the study, scientists created a synthetic version of the mineral known as whitlockite. They then conducted shock-compression experiments on samples of the material, simulating the conditions of being thrown on a meteorite from Mars.
The material was then studied using X-rays to find its microscopic makeup. They found that whitlockite could become dehydrated from those shocks and form merrillite, which is commonly found in meteorites thrown to Earth from Mars but doesn't occur here naturally.
“This is important for deducing how much water could have been on Mars, and whether the water was from Mars itself rather than comets or meteorites,” said Martin Kunz, a staff scientist who worked on the studies of the samples.
“If even a part of merrillite had been whitlockite before, it changes the water budget of Mars dramatically,” said Oliver Tschauner, a professor who co-led the study with Christopher Adcock.
The “water budget” is central to the question of whether there was ever life on Mars. Whitlockite can be dissolved in water to make phosphorus – which is required to bring about life on Earth – and the material could therefore once have been abundant on the planet.
“The overarching question here is about water on Mars and its early history on Mars: Had there ever been an environment that enabled a generation of life on Mars?” Professor Tschauner said.
What will a home on Mars look like?
To simulate the effect of being thrown from Mars, scientists blasted the synthetic whitlockite samples with metal plates that were fired from guns at about 1,678 miles per hour and with huge amounts of pressure. That extreme situation was required to simulate the shock of being hurled the planets atmosphere.
“You need a very severe impact to accelerate material fast enough to escape the gravitational pull of Mars,” said Professor Tschauner.
Even still, those conditions lasted for only 100 billionths of a second. That was only about 1 per cent as long as the actual experience would be – meaning that the conversion to merrillite would be even more potent on Mars.
Scientists now hope to prove that the conversion had actually taken place, by studying the meteorites on Earth and looking for traces of water.
If they found it, it would add to the already huge evidence that Mars once flowed with water and might continue to do so today. In 2013, scientists announced that streaks on the planet's surface appear to be caused by flowing water, and late last year researchers said that they had found a huge underground body of water ice on the planet.
But the new research shows how the planet might have been covered in far more water than it is today. Many Martian meteorites appear to come from a period around 150 million to 586 million years ago, and are thrown onto the Earth from deep beneath the surface, meaning that they don't necessary reflect the recent geology on the Red Planet's surface.
Exclusive! Churchill's 'found' essay on aliens grips world, mistakenly
Exclusive! Churchill's 'found' essay on aliens grips world, mistakenly
JAKE ELLION, SPECIAL TO SEATTLEPI.COM
"And there shall in that time be rumours of things going astray, and there will be a great confusion as to where things really are, and nobody will really know where lieth those little things with the sort of raffia work base, that has an attachment ... " — Monty Python, "Life of Brian."
Winston Churchill doing research for his essay on the possibility of extraterrestrial life titled "Are We Alone in the Universe?" found at the National Churchill Museum at Westminster College? ... perhaps.
In a world where many are absolutely desperate for the discovery of alien life, especially intelligent alien life — possibly even the takeover of politics by a superior extraterrestrial life form — news that Winston Churchill had mused about aliens in an unpublished essay nearly broke the internet.
In fact, we got on the bandwagon and sought to explore what Churchill had written about LGMs (aka Little Green Men). Did he mention UFOs? Did he have conspiracies about aliens living here among us ... you know, not immigrants but ALIENS?
So, we hit the streets and pounded on doors ... well, we started searching the internet. And, while our feats of journalism — one phone call and a couple of emails — are astounding and brilliant, we'll cut to the chase. (Lots more details below.)
First, the Churchill essay in question exists in two very similar unpublished forms, both held in university archives, and in one truncated form published in a newspaper in 1942.
Churchill also stated that he saw great opportunity for space exploration. “One day, possibly in the near future, it may be possible to travel to the moon, or even to Venus or Mars,” he wrote 30 years before Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon.
So, while the essay was certainly forgotten by many and the found version contains paragraphs not published, the bulk of the essay was indeed published.
Second, the 11-page essay in question does in fact ponder the questions of whether extraterrestrial life might exist, where it might exist, whether we could ever discover it or communicate with it, and whether or not we would recognize extraterrestrial organisms as life in the first place.
"Does life exist elsewhere in the Universe?—indeed a fascinating question," Churchill writes in the opening of all extant versions of the essay.
Photo: Hans Wild/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images
Given the vastness of the Universe, Churchill said it is hard to believe that humans on Earth represent something unique.
Okay, then, what the hell happened?
Timothy Riley, Chief Curator in the National Churchill Museum at Westminster College, said he discovered one version of the essay in 2014 while digging through the museum's archives looking for paintings by Churchill for a retrospective.
That version's title page reads: "'Are We Alone in the Universe?' by The Right Honorable Winston S. Churchill." He was understandably excited about it, but put it aside to complete his other work.
Winston Churchill’s essay titled “Are We Alone in the Universe?” found at the National Churchill Museum at Westminster College.
(Photo courtesy of National Churchill Museum at Westminster College)
Riley passed the copy to astrophysicist Mario Livio — lecturer and author of several books, including the upcoming book "Why?: What Makes Us Curious" published by Simon & Schuster. Riley figured this well-regarded astrophysicist could give some scientific perspective on Churchill's musings.
At that time, Riley says, he knew the essay was a slightly-edited version of a 1939 essay that had not been published, but he did not know about the shorter, though substantial, version published in 1942. He was tipped off to the fact of the published version by another Churchill scholar after Livio published his thoughts on Churchill's musings in the Journal Nature on Feb. 15.
After noting that some viruses can be crystallized, making them hard to categorize, he decides to concentrate on “comparatively highly-organized life,” presumably multicellular life.
"Imagine my thrill that I may be the first scientist to examine this essay," Livio wrote.
His exploration of the essay was primarily about Churchill's scientific bent, reliance on scientific advisors in government and his pretty modern exploration of the prospect of extraterrestrial life.
Churchill had, Livio said, identified early on many of the prospects for life in the universe that would continue to be the focus of attention today.
"Almost 80 years later, the question that obsessed Churchill is one of the hottest topics of scientific research. Searches for signs of subsurface life on Mars are ongoing. Simulations of Venus's climate hint that it may once have been habitable. Astronomers believe that, in a few decades, we will discover some biological signatures of present or past life in the atmospheres of extrasolar planets, or at least be able to constrain its rarity," he wrote.
All living things of the type we know require water,” he wrote. Other life-sustaining liquids cannot be ruled out, he stated, but “nothing in our present knowledge entitles us to make such an assumption.”
The internet frenzy strikes again
The mass-media coverage of the story, meanwhile, very quickly hinged on the idea that this was a "lost" or "discovered" Churchill essay. Harried reporters the world over, in a state of near hysteria to keep up, spread the story like, well, an internet virus.
Riley explains in a email exchange with us: "On February 16, after the Dr. Livio's story in Nature was published, I learned from Christopher Bell, a history professor at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, about the existence of the published version of 'Are there Men on the Moon?'"
Check out Bell's blog post on the topic and read the 1942 version on the Winston Churchill Project at Hillsdale College website.
Photo: Walter Sanders, The LIFE Picture Collection/Gett
Churchill also defined what is known today as the “habitable zone” — a narrow region around a star that is neither too cold nor too hot, so that liquid water may exist on the surface of a rocky planet. He stated that life can survive only in regions “between a few degrees of frost and the boiling point of water.”
Riley added in his email:
The essay entitled "Are We Alone in the Universe?" in the National Churchill Museum archive is, with minor typographical differences and the change in title, identical to "Are We Alone in Space?" first drafted in 1939. The essay ("Space?") is in the Churchill Archive Centre in Cambridge (CHAR 8/644). It went unpublished in 1939, though notes in the Cambridge Archive seem to indicate that News of the World was the newspaper chosen to publish the essay at that time.
The essay, "Are There Men on the Moon?" was published in the Sunday Dispatch on March 8, 1942. It was later included in The Collected Essays of Sir Winston Churchill (1975).
While it is true that much of "Are There Men on the Moon?" contains the same content as the earlier "Are We Alone in Space?" and the later "Are We Alone in the Universe?" there are important differences.
Here are a few key sentences from that unpublished essay's first pages:
One is apt to think that the most important characteristics of a living entity are that it can breed and multiply.
There are certain curious substances called 'viruses'... The particles of which they are presumably composed are too small to be seen under the microscope, but if you keep a small amount of the virus in the proper conditions for a few days, it is found to increase in quantity.
No one would believe that a lump of sugar or salt could be alive. Well, here we have a crystal ... we know will increase and multiply given the right environment. Is it alive or not?
Photo: Keystone, Getty Images
Churchill stated that a large fraction of extrasolar planets “will be the right size to keep on their surface water and possibly an atmosphere of some sort” and some will be “at the proper distance from their parent sun to maintain a suitable temperature”
Okay, but, did he think ETs exist?
Churchill's conclusion about the existence of alien life in all versions of the essay is that there must be. (You can find more of what he wrote on the topic in the slideshow above.)
According the reprint of the 1942 version published by the Winston Churchill Project in response to all the hubbub, Churchill's essay ends:
All we can say is that with hundreds of thousands of nebulae, each containing thousands of millions of suns, the odds are enormous that there must be immense numbers which possess planets whose circumstances would not render life impossible. If we are sufficiently self-centred and choose to deny that any of these support life, no one can prove we are wrong. But I, for one, am not so immensely impressed by the success we are making of our civilization here that I am prepared to think we are the only spot in this immense universe which contains living, thinking creatures, or that we are the highest type of mental and physical development which has ever appeared in the vast compass of space and time.
Indeed.
Photo: Galerie Bilderwelt, Getty Images
He concludes that Mars and Venus are the only places in the Solar System besides Earth that could sustain life.
Note:We messaged Livio on Facebook and Twitter (the contact info he gave on his personal website), but have not yet heard back. Here's what he told professor and author Chris Bell in a Facebook exchange about the history of the essay:
As I'm sure you understand, all I did was to compare Churchill's points to current scientific thinking. All the comments on the history of the piece have been based on the best knowledge that Tim had on the piece. It's fascinating to find out that the history is even richer.
It was for us, that's for sure.
About Churchill's intellect and scientific explorations, Riley said, "The longer you study Winston Churchill, the harder it is to be surprised, because of the breadth of his intellectual curiosity. And, we know he valued science and saw the power of science to do good, but he also warned repeatedly of the nuclear threat and that science could be devastating."
Photo: Keystone, Getty Images
He defines the most important characteristic of life as the ability to “breed and multiply.”
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Volcanoes Could Make Some Alien Planets Warm Enough for Life
Volcanoes Could Make Some Alien Planets Warm Enough for Life
By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor
Hydrogen-spewing volcanoes could boost the temperatures of seemingly frigid alien planets enough to maintain liquid water on their surfaces, making the worlds potentially habitable to life as we know it, a new study suggests.
If the newfound TRAPPIST-1h — the most distant of a set of seven Earth-size worlds that orbit a dwarf star just 39 light-years from Earth — boasted such volcanoes, it could be warm enough to hold onto water, study team members said.
In the past, scientists determined that the "habitable zone" — the range of distances from a star that can support liquid water on a world's surface — expands when planets have hydrogen in their atmospheres. However, because hydrogen is such a light gas, it quickly escapes to space, leaving such planets devoid of it within a few tens of millions of years. [5 Amazing Facts About the TRAPPIST-1 System (Video)]
But active volcanoes could change that, according to the new study.
"Our volcanic-hydrogen habitable zone is different, because so long as volcanism is intense enough, it can outpace the rate at which hydrogen escapes into space," lead author Ramses Ramirez, a planetary scientist at Cornell University in New York, told Space.com by email.
Ramirez and fellow planetary scientist Lisa Kaltenegger, also at Cornell, examined how active hydrogen-rich volcanos could continue to resupply a planet with a hydrogen atmosphere. They found the activity could increase the size of the habitable zone by as much as 60 percent, dramatically extending the region where habitable planets might lie.
According to Ramirez, the increased volcanism "allows potentially habitable conditions for much longer geologic timescales."
Stellar temperature versus distance from the star compared to Earth for the classic habitable zone (shaded blue) and the volcanic habitable zone extension (shaded red).
Credit: R. Ramirez, Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University
Improving the odds
The hunt for signs of life on worlds beyond the solar system tends to focus on the habitable zone, because water is crucial to life as we know it. (While other evolutionary paths are possible, scientists prefer to focus on the one known to have succeeded at least once.)
While studying possibilities for early Mars, Ramirez and Kaltenegger realized that massive outgassing of hydrogen early in the life of the Red Planet could have made for a warmer, wetter world.
"I liked the idea enough that I decided to extend it to the habitable zone," Ramirez said.
The process works well for small planets like Mars, where internal processes would keep the mantle hydrogen-rich. When volcanoes spew lava from the mantle, they can release hydrogen and hydrogen-rich gases into the atmosphere. A hydrogen-rich atmosphere could bump out the outer edge of the habitable zone by as much as 60 percent, giving more worlds the opportunity to hold onto their life-giving water, Ramirez and Kaltenegger said.
That doesn’t mean larger worlds are out of luck. While massive super-Earths are more likely to release hydrogen-poor gases into the air, they could still have enough volcanoes spewing material to outpace the escape of hydrogen into space. Such large worlds also have gravity on their side and are more likely to boast magnetic fields, both of which slow down hydrogen's escape into space.
The exact properties of these volcanoes would depend on their home planet. A planet's mass (which affects how strongly gravity tugs at the lava) and whether it has plate tectonics play key roles in building its volcanoes. On Earth, collision and disruption of the crust through tectonics mix up the material that becomes the lava, creating a variety of chemical compositions. On Mars, where gravity is low and the crust is a single large plate, Ramirez said, volcanic material is less evolved, and the lava flows pile up to create huge volcanoes, including the largest in the solar system, Olympus Mons. [Supervolcanoes Found On Mars (Video)]
Dense hydrogen atmospheres on alien worlds could still bear a strong similarity to Earth's. That could have implications for our young planet, Ramirez said.
"One idea suggested that hydrogen gas concentrations may have been high on the early Earth," he said. (Today, hydrogen is but a trace component of Earth's atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen.) "If that hypothesis is true, early Earth may have resembled these hydrogen-rich exoplanets."
Last week, scientists announced the discovery of the TRAPPIST-1 system, a series of seven rocky worlds, each about the same size as Earth, around a dwarf star. At least three of the worlds appear to fall within the habitable zone, assuming they have Earth-like atmospheres.
TRAPPIST-1h, the most distant of the seven worlds, seems to be out in the cold. But if the small planet has volcanoes venting hydrogen gas, it could just make the cut for habitability, study team members said.
According to Ramirez, TRAPPIST-1h lies just outside the new volcanic hydrogen habitable zone.
"But it is really close," he said. If volcanoes on the planet released a bit more hydrogen than the team’s models call for, it could hold onto liquid water, he added.
That could mean good news in the hunt for life. Because the TRAPPIST-1 system lies only 39 light-years from Earth, it will make a good target for studying the atmospheres of planets with observatories like NASA's $8.8 billion James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to launch in late 2018.
Exoplanet atmospheres are beginning to release their secrets. When a world passes between Earth and its star, the planet's atmosphere absorbs some of the light, allowing scientists to study the atmosphere's composition.
Even if "biosignature" gases were found in a planet’s atmosphere, it could still be a challenge to determine if they were produced by living organisms or through other processes, Ramirez said. Still, just locating the signatures would be easier with volcanically active worlds, since hydrogen "puffs up" the atmosphere around a planet, creating a larger atmospheric signal that would be easier to study.
"Biosignatures would be easier to detect in these hydrogen-rich atmospheres," Ramirez said.
From the red hearts to the tangy cola bottles, Haribo's Starmix has long been regarded as one of the world's favourite sweet treats - the tagline is 'kids and grown-ups love it so', after all.
But one social media user has thrown everyone off by claiming that the iconic egg in the pick 'n mix is actually a UFO.
Scottish Patter shared a snap of a pack of Haribo and wrote: 'Wait guys, Haribo starmix ?? It's not an egg, it's a UFO', accompanied by some shocked emojis.
Social media has gone into meltdown after someone claimed the Haribo egg in the Starmix pack is actually a UFO
The same image has been doing the rounds on Instagram and Twitter, where shocked users fiercely debated the topic.
The picture amassed thousands of comments from users, with many claiming that there was no way the egg could be mistaken for a UFO.
The top comment read: 'Is everyone off their nut, aye. It's called Starmix, but wit does a heart, a ring, a cola bottle or a fkn bear have to do with space. It's an egg fs [sic].
Another woman agreed, adding: 'The adverts with the kids call it the eggy one so I'm not accepting this', whilst another user said: 'This is actually so untrue because they say and I quote "who's eaten all the fried eggs?" in the adverts.'
The picture amassed thousands of comments from users, with many claiming that there was no way the egg could be mistaken for a UFO
Others did, however, claim that the sweet was in fact a UFO. One man wrote: 'They are eggs but they represent UFO's as do the cola bottles they are the rockets, the "bears" are astronauts, it's just about making it cute for kids.'
When contacted by MailOnline, a spokesperson for Haribo confirmed the truth, saying that the sweet is definitely an egg
Another woman agreed with him, explaining: 'Egg = UFO, Cola bottles = spaceship, ring = saturns rings, bear = astronaut in his outfit, heart = ok don't know this one.'
When contacted by MailOnline, a spokesperson for Haribo confirmed the truth, explaining: 'This seems to have people a little fry-ed, but we can confirm that even though they look like flying saucers, Haribo Starmix does in fact contain tasty eggs, as well as our other popular and well-known sweet pieces that have been brought together in one bag.'
Others claimed that the sweet was definitely a UFO. One man wrote: 'They are eggs but they represent UFO's as do the cola bottles they are the rockets, the 'bears' are astronauts, it's just about making it cute for kids' and many people backed him up, whilst others joked about how crushed they were by the news
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Gevonden schedels in China zijn mogelijk van een nog onbekende of mysterieuze mensensoort
Gevonden schedels in China zijn mogelijk van een nog onbekende of mysterieuze mensensoort
Archiefbeeld.FOTO: REUTERS
In de Chinese provincie Henan hebben archeologen twee gedeeltelijke schedels gevonden. Opvallend is dat de schedels deels mens, deels Neanderthaler, en dus de mogelijke ontdekking van een onbekende mensensoort kunnen betekenen.
De gevonden schedels in China lijken nu echter een kruising van mens en Neanderthaler. “Het is een zeer belangrijke ontdekking”, aldus Katerina Harvati, expert op het vlak aan de Universiteit van Tübingen. “Zeker omdat alle menselijke fossielen die tot nu toe gevonden werden in Oost-Azië zeer partieel en daarom ook moeilijk te dateren waren.”
Het waren graafmachines die de schedels tussen 2007 en 2014 bovenhaalden in Lingjing, in de provincie Henan. Het betreft gedeeltelijke schedels, gevonden in een gebied dat 105.000 tot 125.000 jaar geleden bevolkt zou geweest zijn. Het zou gaan om schedels van goede jagers, die geoefend waren in het maken van stenen wapens. Nabij de vindplaats werden ook botten van paarden, vee, een dinosaurus en een gigantisch hert gevonden.
Nieuwe mensensoort?
De schedels werden sindsdien onderzocht door wetenschappers van de Chinese Academy of Sciences in de Washington University in St. Louis. Deze week publiceerden ze hun bevindingen in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift Science. De wenkbrauwbogen en botmassa waren kleiner dan normaal bij neanderthalers en ook de vorm van de schedels leek meer op die van de eerste moderne mensen. Dit terwijl de oorkanalen en de achterkant van de schedels duidelijk gelinkt konden worden aan neanderthalers.
“Dit kan wel eens de ontdekking van een nieuwe mensensoort betekenen”, aldus Xiujie Wu, auteur van het artikel. “Eentje die tot nu toe onbekend was en in Oost-Azië leefde tot zo’n 100.000 jaar geleden.”
Andere experten denken dan weer dat het zou kunnen gaan om schedels van de ‘denisovamens’, een mysterieuze mensensoort waarvan tot nu toe enkel DNA van een vinger en een tand onderzocht werden. Die twee fossielen werden gevonden in een Siberische grot en men gaat ervan uit dat de denisovamens leefde tussen 100.000 en 50.000 jaar geleden.
Deze mensensoort deelde genetisch materiaal met zowel de moderne mens als Neanderthalers. Deze optie werd echter niet opgenomen in de studie omdat er geen genetisch materiaal gerecupereerd kon worden van de schedels.
The Most Interesting Science News Articles of the Week
The Most Interesting Science News Articles of the Week
By Live Science Staff
Each week we uncover the most interesting and informative articles from around the world, here are 10 of the coolest stories in science this week.
Looking for a light source
MAMMOTH-1, an enormous Lyman-alpha nebula (ELAN) found in a protocluster 10 billion light-years away. The colors and contours indicate surface brightness, and the red arrows show its estimated size.
Credit: Cai et al./Astrophysical Journal
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of gases and dust; an ELAN is a special kind of nebula, so named because it emits Lyman-alpha radiation — a particular wavelength of light emitted when the electron in a hydrogen atom drops down to its lowest energy level. The discovery of a new and rarely seen nebula 10 billion light-years away has created a cosmic mystery: What is lighting up this dusty cloud of gases? [Read more about the nebula.]
Strange sex-life
Myolaimus ibericus seen under a scanning electron microscope. Species of the genus Myolaimus are rare, and this worm is unusual in that it pumps sperm into the female genitalia without the penis-like spicules that are common in nematodes.
Credit: Joaquín Abolafia
A new worm discovered on the Iberian Peninsula is missing something: a penis.
The tiny nematode, found in a compost pile, mates without penetration. Instead, it pumps a capsule full of sperm out of an opening in its body and into a funnel-like structure on the female's vulva. From there, the sperm enter the female's reproductive tract to fertilize her eggs. [Read more about odd worm.]
To the moon
SpaceX will launch two paying passengers on a private flight around the moon in late 2018, the company's founder Elon Musk said Monday, Feb. 27, 2017. The mission would launch on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy seen here in this artist's illustration and take about five days to loop around the moon and return to Earth.
Credit: SpaceX
SpaceX will fly two private citizens on a trip around the moon in 2018, the company's founder Elon Musk announced Monday (Feb. 27).
The private spaceflight company will use its Falcon Heavy rocket to send the two paying passengers into space aboard one of the company's Dragon spacecraft. The two private citizens, who have not yet been named, approached SpaceX about taking a trip around the moon, and have "already paid a significant deposit" for the cost of the mission, according to a statement from the company. [Read more about trip.]
Red-hot center
The upper layer of Earth's mantle, labeled here as the asthenosphere, is hotter than previously thought, a new study finds.
Credit: vectortatu/Shutterstock
How hot are Earth's scorching insides? A sweltering 2,570 degrees Fahrenheit (1,410 degrees Celsius), a new study finds.
The discovery reveals that the mantle under Earth's oceans — the area just below the crust that extends down to the planet's inner liquid core — is almost 110 degrees F (60 degrees C) hotter than scientists previously thought, the researchers said. [Read more about center of the Earth.]
Childlessness condemned
A person's decision to not have children can spark "moral outrage" in others, even total strangers, a new study finds.
The study comes as more adults in the U.S. are deciding to delay having children, or to forgo having children entirely. [Read more about the odd reaction.]
In life and death
The wrapped body of Louise de Quengo, a church patron buried at the Jacobin convent in the city of Rennes in 1656. Her body was interred with her husband's preserved heart in a lead urn on top of her coffin.
Forget roses and chocolates. Modern-day romantic gestures pale in comparison to what one Renaissance couple did after death: The wife went to her final rest with her husband's heart on her coffin. The discoveries raise questions about medieval European funerary rites, researchers from the University of Toulouse in France wrote in the study, published in December in the journal PLOS ONE. [Read more about the eternal love.]
Antarctic heat
Antartica is seeing record-breaking, spring-like temperatures.
Credit: Christopher Wood/Shutterstock
Temperatures on the Antarctic continent reached a record-breaking high of 63.5 degrees Fahrenheit (17.5 degrees Celsius) in 2015, according to a new report of balmy records for the bottom of the world.
And things got even toastier back on Jan. 30, 1982, when the thermometer peaked at 67.6 degrees F (19.8 degrees C) at Signy Research Station on Antarctica's Signy Island, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), a division of the United Nations. [Read more about the record.]
Ancient bones
Scientists recently found evidence of ancient lifeforms in rocks in Canada. Within these fossils were tiny tubes of a mineral called hematite, a form of iron. The researchers believe these tubes are relics of an ancient form of microbial life that lived near hydrothermal vents.
Credit: Matthew Dodd
Ancient traces of microbial life that are between 3.77 billion and 4.29 billion years old might have been unearthed in a rocky outcropping in Canada, a new study suggests. However, some scientists are casting doubt on what the findings truly mean.
If the new microfossils truly are evidence of primordial life that once sprang up in ancient hydrothermal vents, it suggests that life began on Earth soon after the planet coalesced, the study authors said. [Read more about the fossils.]
Hunting fortune
Found in a field near the town of Leek in the United Kingdom, the gold jewelry dates back sometime between 400 B.C. and 250 B.C. and could be the oldest example of gold work discovered in Britain.
Credit: copyright Staffordshire City Council
Two amateurs using metal detectors have discovered four gold torques from more than 2,000 years ago in a field near the town of Leek in central England.
The jewelry, which would have been worn as a necklace or bracelet, "dates to around 400 to 250 B.C., and is probably the earliest Iron Age goldwork ever discovered in Britain," Julia Farley, curator of British and European Iron Age collections at the British Museum in London, said in a statement. [Read more about the link between the treasure.]
Kinky arachnids
Female spiders have paired reproductive organs, so it's possible for two males to mate with a single female at one time.
Credit: Matthew Persons
One autumn night while searching for spiders in his backyard, Matthew Persons came across something unexpected: a wolf spider ménage à trois.
The findings are the first cases on record of one female and two male wolf spiders (Rabidosa punctulata) in a three-way lovefest, a feat that's possible because the females have paired reproductive organs. But this ménage à trois wasn't purely for pleasure. [Read more about the spiders.]
Conspiracy fans have long believed that the American military found a crashed alien spacecraft in Roswell in 1947.
But a new documentary claims the strange craft could have had more earthly origins?
A documentary ‘UFOS in the Third Reich’ claimed that the incident actually happened during testing of a copper-coloured craft called ‘The Bell’.
Nigel Watson, author of UFOs: The Nazi Connection, said, ‘With these stories spread all over the Internet, and fictional films like ‘Iron Sky’ that depicts a Nazi moon base and advanced spaceships, the Nazi connection gets stronger every day despite the lonely voices of the sceptics.
‘Supporters of the idea that the flying saucers are of Nazi origin claim that they established an underground base at New Swabia, Antarctica after World War II to continue a secret world war to continue their ideological plans.
(Picture: UFOvni Disclosure)
‘Ernest Zundal (under the pseudonym Mattern-Friedrich or Christof Friedrich) in his book UFOs, ‘Nazi Secret Weapon’ (Samisdat, 1975) even stated that Hitler faked his own death and escaped there to continue the war in secret. With or without Hitler, they continued to develop flying saucers and they even found an entrance to the hollow Earth. Zundal was rather cavalier about these claims, mainly because he used the interest in UFOs as a hook to put forward his neo-Nazi ideas and beliefs.’
‘From here it has been suggested that this alliance has worked with the CIA and the US ‘military-industrial complex’ to create vast underground bases at Dulce (New Mexico); Area 51 (Nevada); Camp Hero (Long Island); and Denver International Airport. Similar bases are reputed to exist in Australia and Europe.’
(Picture: UFOvni Disclosure)
‘This all comes from rumours about secret Nazi projects that were used to explain the waves of UFO sightings of UFOs throughout Europe in the 1950s, and provided as an alternative to the extraterrestrial invader explanation. This context, combined with the fact that no flying saucer craft was ever successfully produced by the Nazis,indicates this is a myth that has grown over the years.’
When observing galaxies far, far away from Earth, it’s all about perspective. Scientists may see spiral galaxies from a face-on point-of-view and gaze closely at magnificent spiraling arms and a deep, luminous core — but it’s only two-dimensional. An angled view might show the three-dimensional shape a little better, but to really understand what’s in a galaxy, it takes seeing it from the edge.
Unfortunately, we rarely have multiple views of galaxies. Even with all of our spacecrafts drifting through the universe, we still have such a small field to work with. It’s like trying to see the other side of a bagel in China while standing in New York. You’d have to walk for ages to get to the other side of it.
So, it’s always exciting to get new images to further understand the various shapes and sizes of neighboring galaxies and ultimately, to better understand our own Milky Way. In this newly released image from the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope, we can see spiral galaxy NGC 1055 — about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus, or Sea Monster, and is believed to be 15 percent larger than the Milky Way — in all of its edgy glory.
In this edge-on view of NGC 1055, scientists are able to see what a galaxy is really made of.
With this kind of view, scientists can see where new stars form relative to old ones, measure the lengths of the entire disc and its core, and even catch weird anomalies. In NGC 1055, there is some strange “warping,” which is evident on the upper right side where the dark galactic dust seems to be getting peeled off the galaxy like a Band-Aid. Upon closer inspection, the whole thing seems to be twisting at odd angles. Scientists believe this is because of an interaction with a nearby galaxy, in which gravity is pulling on the structure.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
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