The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
20-05-2017
Prey: How Arkane’s ‘space dungeon’ redefines the troubled franchise
Prey: How Arkane’s ‘space dungeon’ redefines the troubled franchise
Above: Prey is a sci-fi action game from the same studio that made Dishonored.
Image Credit: Bethesda
An alien-infested space station isn’t the best place to question your life’s purpose. As Morgan Yu learns in Prey, the existential struggle is just as real as the deadly creatures lurking in the shadows.
Arkane Studios faced similar questions about identity (but with much less bloodshed) while making its sci-fi thriller. Out now on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and PC, Prey is an action role-playing game where you have to fight an alien species known as the Typhon. It’s a premise we often see in pop culture, let alone in games. What makes Prey stand out is the story behind its development, where an unproven team resurrected a dormant franchise in a genre that’s difficult to master.
Arkane’s game is a reboot of the original Prey, a story-driven first-person shooter that Human Head Studios released in 2006. That company was working on a promising sequel until publisher Bethesda Softworks killed the project in 2014. Then after years of rumors, Prey resurfaced at last year’s Electronic Entertainment Expo tradeshow, where Bethesda unveiled a much different takeon the franchise.
But aside from the name, Arkane’s game doesn’t share anything with Human Head’s sci-fi universe. According to lead designer Ricardo Bare, the core idea for Prey had been percolating at the studio ever since they finished the last of Dishonored’s add-on content in 2013.
“Even before we had the name, we wanted to make a game like this: a game that takes place on a space station with aliens that has our signature Arkane-style game mechanics,” Bare said in an interview with GamesBeat. “The opportunity to use the name came afterwards.
“In fact, Arkane has made a game like this before. The first game that Arkane made was called Arx Fatalis, and it was structurally very similar to [2017] Prey. It was a fantasy game that took place underground in a dungeon. So we call the space station our ‘space dungeon’ now.”
Above: Arkane’s first game was Arx Fatalis.
Image Credit: Bethesda
The rise of Arkane Austin
Founded in 1999, Arkane consists of two teams: one group is in the headquarters in Lyon, France, and the other is in Austin, Texas. Bare, a veteran designer who previously worked at Ion Storm (Deus Ex) and Midway Games (Blacksite: Area 51), joined the U.S. branch in 2009. At the time, it only had a handful of people, including creative director Harvey Smith and Arkane founder Raphael Colantonio. It soon grew to around 20 employees.
But the majority of the company (more than 60 people) were in France. Both sides worked together on several games, with the developers frequently traveling back and forth between the two offices.
After Dishonored’s release in 2012, Arkane decided to split the team so it could work on multiple games at the same time. Lyon took charge of Dishonored 2, swelling in size to accommodate the sequel’s bigger ambitions and the arrival of the PS4 and Xbox One consoles. Austin underwent a similar transformation as it began working on the project that would later become Prey.
Above: Prey lead designer Ricardo Bare at GDC 2017.
Image Credit: Giancarlo Valdes/GamesBeat
“On the Austin side, we started to incubate this new IP [intellectual property], this new game, as well as expand the team massively,” said Bare. “We switched consoles, we got a new game engine, a new IP, and a brand new team all in the same dev cycle, which is kind of ridiculous.”
Though the Lyon team helped out from time to time, Prey was very much Austin’s baby. The U.S. team grew to 70 people over the course of development, many of whom were new to the company. While this hasn’t created any rivalries between the studios — Bare said they’re incredibly supportive of each other — it did add some pressure for the newcomers, who felt like they had to prove themselves to the folks in Lyon.
“They wanted to impress their Lyon colleagues by doing a really good job. … They wanted to show that they can make a compelling and beautiful world as Dunwall from Dishonored,” Bare said. “I think they did.”
A believable sci-fi world
Prey’s Morgan Yu is a scientist who is also the main test subject of a mysterious experiment. When the Typhon break loose, it’s up to Morgan to stop them — but the character isn’t your typical space marine badass. One big difference is that Yu is Asian, a rarity among gun-toting heroes in big game releases.
Arkane Austin turned to a lot of science fiction for inspiration. The team studied Solaris, Moon, and other films that explore what it’s like to be alone in space. Bare also read old stories from sci-fi author Robert Heinlein, such as “The Moon is a Harsh Mistress.”
“Me and some people on the team also just did a lot of actual scientific reading. Even though the game gets wild … we tried to at least start it at a place that was very grounded,” said Bare.
“So we did a lot of reading about neuroscience — learned a lot about the brain [laughs], which was super fun — a lot about the space technology industry. It’s really cool that we live in an age where this private space industry is happening.”
Above: The Talos I lobby.
Image Credit: Bethesda
Prey’s version of 2035 imagines what someone like SpaceX founder Elon Musk would’ve done had he started his ambitions earlier in history. In this alternate timeline, the Cold War space race led to the discovery of the Typhon and the construction of a large space station to contain it. Later, a powerful company called the TranStar Corporation takes over and transforms the vessel into the skyscraper-sized Talos I.
Another example of Prey’s grounded roots is the Neuromod, a tool that you use to learn the Typhon’s powers and enhance your human abilities (such as hacking computers or repairing equipment) by altering the chemistry of your brain. It’s loosely based on real-world experiments where scientists can manipulate neurons by making them sensitive to light.
But instead of lasers, Prey’s device uses needles. Big ones. To unlock the upgrades, you have to stick the Neuromod’s needles into your eyeball.
Above: Would you stab your eye just to get a few supernatural powers?
Image Credit: Bethesda
Like Dishonored, Prey encourages you to experiment with your weapons and powers. You can use the Typhon’s Mimic Matter — which transforms you into everyday objects — to possess one of the space station’s automated gun turrets or to hide from the aliens. With Lift Field, you can either launch your enemies high into the air or use it to propel yourself to hard-to-reach places.
The powers you collect can have consequences outside of combat as well. The turrets, for example, can be a valuable ally because they automatically target any aliens around them. But if you harvest too much Typhon DNA, they’ll turn on you. The other human survivors on Talos I will also react to you differently.
However, you can avoid that by simply not learning any of the alien abilities. It’s possible to finish the game without them.
Lessons from Dishonored
The mix of Typhon powers, tools, and conventional weapons offer a degree of freedom and flexibility that isn’t seen in many games. But that’s not a signature of Arkane’s treatment of Prey. These complex and unscripted interactions are an intrinsic part of immersive sims, which first emerged with PC classics like Ultima Underworld, Thief, and System Shock. The seminal System Shock series from Looking Glass Studios was a huge inspiration for Prey in terms of creating a tense sci-fi setting.
Though Arkane tried to make other types of games before, it keeps coming back to immersive sims. Everything in its catalog, from Arx Fatalis to Prey, have detailed worlds with interlocking mechanics that leave room for the player to improvise. The studio most recently demonstrated this with Dishonored and its sequel.
One of the lessons the Austin team learned from working on that series is the importance of easing players into these digital playgrounds, especially for those who haven’t tried an immersive sim before.
Above: Prey also takes you outside the space station.
Image Credit: Bethesda
“Unless the game invites players to do so, it’s not always obvious that [for example] you don’t have to find the key to this door,” said Bare. “You can look around and find an alternate way, or you could hack the door. Maybe you could blow the door up. I think lots of other games train players [to think], ‘There’s only one solution to this problem. And you have to try to discover what the designer had in mind.’
“Whereas we’re like, ‘No, there isn’t one solution. You can improvise a solution to this.’ You might be able to come up with something we don’t even know about because of all the systems interacting together. Part of the challenge is letting players know that it’s possible. That was challenging on Dishonored. And it’s still challenging on Prey. But we learned we have to present [those possibilities] to the player very early on.”
Yet Arkane didn’t want to overwhelm players with too much information. So the developers decided that for the first few hours, you’ll only have access to your human abilities. Eventually, the story introduces more nuanced tools like the Neuromods and the Psychoscope (a device that scans the different Typhon enemies for their powers and weaknesses).
Above: The Mimics can transform into different objects.
Image Credit: Giancarlo Valdes/GamesBeat
However, planning for what abilities a player might combine in any given situation (and thus rewarding them for their curiosity when it works) is an impossible task. The best Arkane can do is just spend a lot of time playing through the game to identify any interesting combos it should support.
“And the things that don’t [seem cool], we cut and get rid of,” explained Bare. “You know you’re in a good place when different people on the team are arguing about things like, ‘This power is the best!’ and ‘This other power is useless!’ And the other person is saying the opposite. … That means different people are finding different ways to play.”
Ideally, the goal is to make players feel like the only limit is their imagination.
“The best feeling is feeling like you’re playing a game where anything is possible, even if it isn’t literally true,” said Bare.
Above: The Typhon come in different shapes and sizes.
Image Credit: Bethesda
Creating a ‘sublime experience’
If you look through forum threads or YouTube videos about Prey, it’s clear some fans still mourn the loss of Human Head’s Prey 2. That put Arkane in an awkward place when it came to managing people’s expectations for the game.
“It’s tricky because, admittedly, the original Prey was a really interesting game. And the pitch and demo of [Prey 2] was cool, too,” said Bare.
But the designer reminded GamesBeat that the company really only makes one type of game: immersive sims. That specialization is one of the reasons he joined Arkane in the first place. It’s a genre few developers try to tackle.
“For one thing, [immersive sims] are really hard to make because they’re so complicated. But they’re also super rewarding, and they ask a lot of players,” said Bare. “If you’re playing a linear shooter where your instructions are just to keep moving forward and shoot everything that moves, that game doesn’t ask a lot of you, right? It doesn’t demand a lot of the player.
“But playing a game like Dishonored or Prey is a little bit like playing a musical instrument. The game asks a lot of you, but it also rewards you tremendously, more than the other kind of game that I’m talking about.”
Above: The GLOO gun traps the Typhon in a hardening foam.
Image Credit: Bethesda
From Arkane’s point of view, these types of games always have at least two things in common.
“They always have a strong sense of place — that’s where the ‘immersive’ part comes in the word immersive sim,” Bare added. “They always feel like a very cohesive, well-built world where you can look around and deduce the story of the place and [figure out] what happened. Everything has depth.
“It’s like an iceberg: You see the tip, but you know there’s so much more below the surface in terms of world-building. You believe that you’re in a real place. And the second part is those layered, super-rich game mechanics, which just translate to the player feeling like, ‘I can do anything in this world. There are these rules and systems, and I can understand them and make a plan. And when it works, I feel this magical, almost sublime experience.’”
The new Prey can never live up to the promise of the cancelled Prey 2. Instead, Arkane is carving a new identity for the beleaguered franchise (whose origins actually stretch back to 1995), one that builds on the beloved immersive sims that came before it. If the reboot is successful, it’ll further cement the studio as a top-tier developer — and maybe even give the Austin team something to brag about to the Lyon office.
As for why they chose to use the Prey name, Bare said the reason was simple: It’s a great title for a video game, and “naming video games is hard.”
Artist's illustration showing a cloud of comet fragments blocking light from a star—one of the possible explanations for the strange, occasional dimming of KIC 8462852, also known as “Tabby’s Star.” Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
The star often called the most mysterious in the galaxy has begun darkening again. Scientists are now rushing to watch the event with as many telescopes as they can muster to attempt to understand what is causing its bewildering fluctuations of light.
The star, called KIC 8462852 and nicknamed “Tabby's Star” after Yale University astronomer Tabetha “Tabby” Boyajian, first made news in 2015 when researchers discovered something odd about its light, whose strange brightenings and dimmings have even caused some to speculate it might host alien megastructures around it. The star is an otherwise-normal F type star—slightly larger and hotter than our sun—located about 1,480 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Cygnus, the Swan. When astronomer Boyajian and her colleagues analyzed data from NASA's Kepler space telescope, however, they found dozens of strange instances of KIC 8462852 darkening up to 22 percent.
These dimming events are far too substantial to be caused by planets crossing the face of the star, so scientists looked for other explanations. Some have even suggested that it might host signs of intelligent alien life—specifically, a Dyson sphere, a hypothetical megastructure built around a star to capture as much of its energy as possible to power an advanced civilization.
In order to solve this mystery astronomers have been planning to analyze the full spectrum of light from Tabby's Star as it darkens via spectral measurements that split light into its constituent wavelengths. Because different materials absorb different wavelengths of light, spectra from the star could reveal what is causing its light fluctuations. “We’ve been waiting to catch another dip in light,” Jason Wright, an astronomer at The Pennsylvania State University, said in an online chat May 19.
Now scientists have discovered Tabby's Star is dimming again, and are racing to get as many telescopes as they can to watch it in as many wavelengths of light as possible, Wright said. “All week there's been some indication that something might be up,” he said. “Sure enough, at about 4 A.M. this morning [Pacific time], I got a phone call from Tabby [Boyajian] saying that Fairborn Observatory in Arizona had confirmed the star as 3 percent dimmer than it normally is. That's enough to say that it’s absolutely no statistical fluke, and we’ve now confirmed it with multiple observatories.”
Astronomers have proposed several possible reason’s for Tabby’s Star’s strange behavior, and each would create a different spectral signature. If clouds of dust are causing the dimming, they usually absorb bluer wavelengths of light, making stars look redder whereas comets passing close to a star would heat up and emit infrared light, Wright said. If interstellar clouds of gas are responsible, those are usually rich in sodium, hydrogen and calcium. And if the dimming is a phenomenon intrinsic to Tabby's Star itself, the spectra will show no signs that anything is absorbing the star's light. If an alien megastructure is the cause, it is difficult to predict what it might look like—if it is solid, “we might see the star getting dimmer overall,” Wright said.
In 2015 Boyajian and her colleagues predicted a dimming event might happen in May 2017. Based on the Kepler data, they suggested dimming of Tabby's Star might follow a roughly 750-day cycle. “It’s right on schedule,” Wright said. Boyajian herself demurred as to the accuracy of the estimate, noting “the prediction was a long shot—we cast a net of several hundred days.”
Among the telescopes Wright said researchers now hope to use to catch this dimming event in the act:
—The Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia, the world's largest fully steerable radio telescope
—The Automated Planet Finder at Lick Observatory near San Jose, Calif., a robotic optical telescope
—Both telescopes at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, which operate in optical and near-infrared wavelengths
—The MMT Observatory in Arizona, an optical telescope
—NASA's Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission, which operates in gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet and optical wavelengths
‑Las Cumbres Observatory, a worldwide network of robotic optical telescopes
—Fairborn Observatory in Arizona, which operates in optical wavelengths
—The Large Binocular Telescope in Arizona, which operates in optical and near-infrared wavelengths
—The Hobby–Eberly Telescope in Texas, an optical telescope
“Our plan is to observe the star in as many wavelengths as we can,” Wright said. “This could be the weekend that we take the data that solves the puzzle.” Even more telescopes may also join in. “It's been a crazy 18 hours, and it’s going to be a really exciting weekend,” he said.
It remains unknown how long this dimming might last. “Most dips in the Kepler data take two to seven days,” Wright said. “So if this is a deep dip, it might be going on for a week. If it’s a shallow dip, it could be gone soon. Hopefully it’s a deep dip.” The data from Kepler does suggest such dimming events happen in clusters.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Scientists Have Just Discovered Evidence That Parallel Universes Exist
Scientists Have Just Discovered Evidence That Parallel Universes Exist
Scientists have discovered a mysterious ‘Cold Spot’ in space that could prove our universe is just one of an endless string of realities.
The Cold Spot is an area of space 13 billion-years-old and 1.8 billion light years across, which is 0.00015 degrees Celsius (0.00027 degrees Fahrenheit) colder than its surroundings – and this unfathomable mass ‘might be taken as the first evidence for the multiverse.’
Astronomers have been unable to explain the cause of this massive supervoid – and a new study conducted by Durham University claims it couldn’t possibly exist at all.
Warner Bros. Pictures
The co-author of the study, Professor Tom Shanks said:
We can’t entirely rule out that the Spot is caused by an unlikely fluctuation explained by the standard model [of particle physics]. But if that isn’t the answer, then there are more exotic explanations.
Perhaps the most exciting of these is that the Cold Spot was caused by a collision between our universe and another bubble universe. If further, more detailed, analysis … proves this to be the case then the Cold Spot might be taken as the first evidence for the multiverse.
Sony Pictures Television
The new study suggests galaxies in the Cold Spot cluster around smaller voids that spread over the region like bubbles, and that there is only a two per cent chance that it formed randomly.
If Shanks’ assertions are true, the Cold Spot indicates that our cosmos contains an infinite number of parallel universes which, in turn, contain an infinite number of realities.
Sony Pictures Television
But this theory isn’t straight off the pages of sci-fi, as astronomy expert Dr Stuart Clarke wrote in the Guardian:
These uncountable realms sit side by side in higher dimensions that our senses are incapable of perceiving directly. Each alternate universe carries its own different version of reality.
There will be one where you wrote this column and I read it… even a really weird one in which Donald Trump uses twitter to spread nothing but amusing cat videos.
Adult Swim
Brilliantly sassy and politically-motivated astronomers aside, this news could mean that somewhere out there, Rick and Morty are truly travelling through parallel dimensions and eating Szechuan sauce and that, on another realm, you could play Matthew McConaughey’scharacter in Interstellar.
The possibilities are endless and this is truly the most fascinating timeline.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Carl Sagan Knew UFOs Are Real, Confidant Reveals
Carl Sagan Knew UFOs Are Real, Confidant Reveals
But Sagan kept his viewpoint quiet to avoid losing academic funding
ZNN – Renowned astronomer and astrophysicist Dr. Carl Sagan revealed to Dr. J. Allen Hynek that he believed UFOs were real but avoided any public statements to prevent the loss of academic research funding. Sagan’s once powerful influence on mainstream science to play-down the reality of UFOs is now in question.
“My recollection is that Hynek said it was backstage of one of the many Johnny Carson Tonight shows Sagan did. He basically said [to Hynek] in 1984, ‘I know UFOs are real, but I would not risk my research [College] funding, as you do, to talk openly about them in public.’’ “
This startling revelation about Carl Sagan, one of this century’s most esteemed scientists and writers, has now been made public by Paola Leopizzi-Harris, a former associate of Dr. Allen J. Hynek who worked with him from 1980 to 1985.
Dr. J. Allen Hynek served as a civilian scientific consultant to the U.S. Air Force Project Blue Book from 1952 to1969, initially taking a very critical and skeptical position on anything related to the reality of UFOs. In one of his own reports he stated:
“I had started out as an outright ‘debunker,’ taking great joy in cracking what seemed at first to be puzzling cases. I was the arch-enemy of those ‘flying saucer groups and enthusiasts’ who very dearly wanted UFOs to be interplanetary.” Hynek, J. Allen. “The Hynek UFO Report”. Dell Publishing Co. 1977
After leaving Project Blue Book – the U.S. Air Force’s pseudo-investigatory public relations scheme on UFOs, Hynek later wrote:
“Now, however, documentation which puts the UFO- U.S. government controversy in quite a new light has become available. The [UFO] authors have made revealing use of documents released through the mechanism of the Freedom of Information Act and other data which have been made available to them… which show that the CIA and NSA protestations of innocence and lack of interest in UFOs are nothing short of prevarication.”
Hynek went on to say: “For the government to continue to maintain that UFOs are nonexistent in the face of the documents already released and of other cogent evidence presented in this book is puerile and in a sense an insult to the American people.”“The UFO Cover-Up.”(Fireside books, Simon & Schuster 1984)
Hynek’s credentials are indeed impressive, having consulted on the Stephen Spielberg movie Close Encounters. As well he presented a paper on UFOs at the UN in 1978. (All Experts)
Sagan’s link to UFOs and possibly to Dr. Hynek occurred in 1966 when Sagan was a member of the Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project Blue Book. This committee concluded that the U.S. Air Force’s Project Blue Book had been lacking as a scientific study, and recommended a university-based project to give the UFO phenomenon closer scientific scrutiny.
In scientific circles much of Sagan’s notoriety came from debates conducted under the auspices of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). In 1969 he challenged J. Allen Hynek on whether investigations of unidentified flying objects should be considered serious. Hynek argued yes Sagan no. (NNDB)
Sagan was a prolific writer of some 20 books including Contact – eventually made into a movie staring Jodie Foster. Sagan also hosted the brilliantly crafted and highly popular series COSMOS: A Personal Voyage. In Episode 12: “Encyclopedia Galactica”, Sagan explored UFOs and alien abductions while also including ‘refutations’ on UFOs.
“As I understand what the committee would like from me, is a discussion of the likelihood of intelligent extraterrestrial life… clearly it is the hypothesis that unidentified objects are of extraterrestrial origin which the committee must have in mind. I’m delighted to tell about contemporary scientific thinking along these lines, but let me begin by saying that I do not think the evidence is at all persuasive, that UFO’s are of intelligent extraterrestrial origin…”
Sagan’s confidential conversation with Dr. Hynek in 1984 appears to not only contradict this statement to the House Committee in 1968, Sagan’s new found view – that UFOs were real – clearly did not play any role in Sagan’s later highly successful public work.
This revelation by Paola Leopizzi-Harris appears to raise serious scientific discrepancies concerning Sagan’s public verses private beliefs about the nature of UFOs and Extraterrestrial life.
It appears, therefore that Carl Sagan presumably embarked upon his many television appearances, consulting on major television and Hollywood feature productions as well as his own academic writing while professing one public scientific point of view, yet maintaining a significantly contradictory personal belief – “I know UFOs are real…” as told to Dr. J. Allen Hynek in 1984 according to Paola Leopizzi-Harris.
In later years Sagan also heavily promoted SETI – the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, which discounts UFOs as an ET reality – advancing the theory that listening for signals from deep space may help locate intelligent ET civilizations. [Ed.note – SETI officials were contacted by ZlandCommunications for a comment on this matter – however at the time of publication no response had yet been received.]
It is unknown how long Sagan held this personal view or when and what changed his mind – future disclosures may reveal this. That Sagan presented much of his finest and most popular work outside the context of his personal belief that UFOs were real remains a salient incongruity for a man of Sagan’s stature, obvious integrity and celebratory contributions to humanity and science.
One can only speculate upon why, during the period between Sagan’s initial statement in 1968 and all during his now legendary writings and media productions, Sagan continued to espouse critical views on the reality of UFOs. Why did his views change so dramatically? Did funding issues alone motivate him not to come forward publicly to declare his change-of-mind?
This revelation made to Paola Leopizzi-Harris by a well-respected scientific figure like Dr. J. Allen Hynek alters if not the magnificent quality of Sagan’s work but re-constructs his considerable scientific influence on the mainstream scientific theories about the universe, the intelligent nature of UFOs and Extraterrestrial life.
How will mainstream science respond knowing now that a corner stone of modern science and one of its most revered members is now recognized as to have conceded – UFOs are real?
Two conclusions emerge –
One of the 20th Century’s most renowned space gurus and scientific leaders, appears to have inadvertently shattered the prevailing notion among the scientific community and the so-called experts, that UFOs are fictitious and that issue is does not merit further study.
The second conclusion – short of full disclosure by government of the UFO/ET reality, this revelation most assuredly represents the most serious damage yet to the wall of secrecy and the truth embargo surrounding the Extraterrestrial presence so ardently maintained by government officials and bolstered by mainstream science.
Notably this information also comes at a time when Paul Hellyer, former Canadian Minister of National Defence has publicly admonished another pillar of mainstream science, Professor Stephen Hawking, for contributing to misinformation about advanced Extraterrestrial civilizations. Hellyer’s admonishment is timely. It puts all scientists on notice that ponderous changes to their entrenched belief about the universe and Extraterrestrial life are about to occur.
The Sagan story also arrives on the eve of the X-Conference 2010 – the largest annual American UFO/ET Disclosure event coordinated by Stephen G. Bassett Director of PRG – the Paradigm Research Group at the National Press Club in Washington DC, just down the street from the White House and a President that recognizes the need for grave global change.
When asked to comment PRG Director Stephen G. Bassett said,
“Carl Sagan and J. Allen Hynek perfectly represent the intellectual and political dilemma faced by the human race during the second half of the 20th century. Both helped to radically change our view of the world… Yet one must be profoundly wrong on the most important historical event in human history.”
Ironically, a cloistered conversation between to academicians behind the curtain – backstage on the set of the Johnny Carson Show in 1984 seems to have changed science and with it, the paradigm beliefs of an entire planet – we are not alone.
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Could megalithic stone circles be used for alien communications?
Could megalithic stone circles be used for alien communications?
Written by David Montana
What if megalithic stone circles were electromagnetic receptors for alien telecommunication? What if they are still been used for this purpose?
Daniel Montana daniel.montana.paranormal@gmail.com
Abstract
This article presents evidence suggesting that ancient stone circles may have been used as electromagnetic receptors for alien communications similar to what is known today as satellite antennas. This evidence corresponds to anomalies of radio and microwave radiation found in the center of the Mitchell's Fold Stone Circle, United Kingdom.
Could megalithic stonecircles be used for extraterrestrial communications?
Introduction
The idea that extraterrestrial individuals were in contact with ancient civilizations was introduced in the science fiction narrative at the beginning of the nineteenth century (see for example Wilkins, 1946). Later on, this idea was popularized in the 1970s as a formal hypothesis by Eric von Däniken in his book Chariots of the Gods. This author offered arguments suggesting that a number of remains and narratives related to ancient societies (e.g. megalithic remains, miracles of the Bible, ancient Baghdad electric batteries, etc.) were associated with extraterrestrial technology (Von Däniken, 1973).
Nowadays the hypothesis of extraterrestrial contact with ancient civilizations is referred to as the Ancient Astronauts Theory and has attracted the attention of a number of investigators who claim that evidence supporting this theory can be found in archaeological remains, ancient art and iconography, among others (Dennett, 2008). For example, it has been argued that the Nazca Lines of Peru were a type of alien airport were alien spaceships landed and took off (Mason, 2009; Rutkowski, 2010).
In relation to megalithic remains, followers of the Ancient Astronauts Theory have introduced a number of arguments suggesting that these remains were built by aliens, or at least under their influence. Some of these arguments are based on the fact that these remains are too big to be created by ancient human technology (Alford, 1988; Penczak, 2007; Roberts, 2016). Other key facts that have been considered as proof of alien assistance are the astronomical and mathematical precision of the monuments design; the ancient alignment to planets and stars; and the similarities of megalithic across continents. For example, the megalithic stone site near Giza at Nabta in Egypt is aligned to the star Sirius and the constellation of Orion suggesting that they were used as navigation markers for UFOs (David, 2010). Likewise, it has been suggested that the Great Pyramids of Egypt were built by aliens who had advance knowledge of electromagnetic forces because these structures were designed to capture cosmic radiation (La Tulippe, 2016).
In spite of these facts, the scientific community remains skeptical, and the dominant academic view is that there is no actual evidence supporting the Ancient Astronaut and related theories (arguments against these theories can be found in Harrold and Eve, 1986; Hines, 1988; Elitzur, 1991; Patrick, 1994; Feder, 2015).
The disagreement between proponents of the Ancient Astronauts Theory and the orthodox scientific community has not prevented the former from exploring potential links between megalithic remains and alien intervention. On the contrary, an increasing interest has been placed on several local monumental remains that have been subject to much less coverture than the famous megalithic such as the great pyramids of Egypt, Stonehenge, and statues of Easter Island, among others. A clear example is Mitchell's Fold Stone Circle located in Shropshire, UK. It corresponds to stones (the tallest 1.9 meters high) arranged in a rough circle with a diameter of about 28 meters. This monument was built during the Bronze Age approximately 3,000 years ago and contained initially thirty stones of which only fifteen have survived until today.
A significant number of UFO sightings of discs and triangles have been reported over the years around the area of Mitchell's Fold Stone Circle. It is argued that these sightings are related to the alignment of this site with the general area of Montgomery ley line(*). It is claimed that this alignment is used by extraterrestrial spacecraft as a point of navigation – or to refuel by tapping into the energy (Perks, 2012; UFO Centre, 2017; Rainford, 2017).
The objective of this article is to offer an alternative interpretation of stone circle monuments that apparently has not been proposed so far. That is, it is suggested the idea that these monuments were actually used as electromagnetic receptors for alien telecommunication similar of what is known today as satellite antennas. In order to support this possibility, evidence from an experiment carried out in Mitchell's Fold Stone Circle is presented. The results of this experiment revealed that Mitchell's Fold Stone Circle has the ability to channel radio and microwave radiation.
Methodology
The methodology adopted in this investigation was designed to identify two potential electromagnetic anomalies in Mitchell's Fold Stone Circle that we would expect to find in a modern satellite antenna: (1) microwave radiation anomalies; and (2) EVP (Electronic voice phenomenon) anomalies. They are explained as follows.
Microwave anomalies
As explained in the introduction, the aim of this article is to present evidence supporting the idea that stone circle monuments were used as ancient alien satellite antennas. If this was true, then the types of electromagnetic radiation that would be employed by alien spacecraft would be the ones that can go thought Earth’s atmosphere. Clearly a good candidate is microwave radiation because microwaves have short wavelengths and allow them to pass through the Earth’s atmosphere (Capmany and Novak, 2007). In considering this fact, the methodology adopted in this investigation consisted of measuring microwave anomalies in the site by means of a portable microwave radiation meter. Two approaches were employed for this purpose and are explained as follows.
The first approach consisted of measuring microwave radiation of a mobile phone connected to the Internet across the area of the site using a portable digital microwave radiation meter. The latter was located near the ground and the mobile phone was located 1.5 meters over the microwave radiation meter. The idea behind this approach is to explore whether stone circles were used as a sort of parabolic satellite antennas for space navigation. If this was the case, then the phone devise would play the role of electromagnetic receptor. In this case, higher levels of microwave radiation would be detected in the center of the monument.
The second approach consisted of measuring microwave emission using the same portable microwave radiation meter but without the mobile phone. This approach was employed to determine whether the stone circle needed an electromagnetic receptor to be functional.
EVP anomalies
The EVP phenomenon has traditionally been attributed to dead people voices that are identified from a recording system (Baruss, 2001; Townsend, 2007; Sabol, 2013). It has also been argued that the origin of EVP phenomenon can be natural and it can be caused by radio interferences (i.e. radio transmissions) that are accidentally recorded by a recording system (Leary and Butler, 2015). If the latter interpretation was correct and if stone circles were a type of electromagnetic antenna, then radio interferences would be expected to be found in the site under study. To test this possibility, a digital recorder was employed in different parts of Mitchell's Fold Stone Circle area. Later on, the recordings were filtered and analyzed using the Audacity software.
Results
The experiment was conducted on 12 August 2017, at 20:00 British time. The first activity consisted of measuring microwave radiation in the ground of site and the stones. No radiation anomaly was identified by the portable digital microwave radiation meter. The second activity consisted of measuring microwave radiation of the mobile phone across the area of the site and the stones. In this case, the portable digital microwave radiation meter detected a significant microwave radiation from the mobile phone in the center of the monument. However, this emission disappeared when measures were carried out in places other than the center. This impressive finding suggests that the stone circle has the ability to channel microwave radiation as it would be expected in a satellite antenna.
On the other hand, digital recordings (i.e. EVP) were carried out in different parts of the site. After filtering and processing the recording, a voice was identified only in the recording carried out in the center. This evidence, again, suggests that the monument has the ability to channel electromagnetic radiation, a fact that may have been used for telecommunication.
This experiment was filmed and can be seen at the following link:
Conclusions
The results of this investigation revealed that the stone circle under study has the ability to channel electromagnetic radiation that is normally used in telecommunication. The monument does not emit radiation itself. However, the microwave radiation received and emitted by a mobile phone was significantly strong in the center of the monument. In addition, the EVP result revealed that the center can also channel other types of radiation that may be attributed to radio interferences.
In considering this evidence it is suggested in this article that stone circles played the role of alien satellite and telecommunication antennas. This does not mean that they worked as modern satellite antennas. It appears that the stone circles were markers of sites that have a natural ability to channel radiation. This is consistent with the alternative view that megalithic were located in ley lines with high levels of energy. What is novel in this investigation is the claim that these sites not only may be related to ley lines, but also have the property of channeling microwave and radio radiation useful for alien telecommunication. This can explain why a significant number of UFO sightings have been reported in the area of the Mitchell's Fold Stone Circle and other similar monuments: these monuments are still been used as satellite antennas by alien spaceships.
References
Alford, A.F. (1988). Gods of the New Millennium: Scientific Proof of Flesh and Blood Gods. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
Baruss, I. (2001). “Failure to Replicate Electronic Voice Phenomenon”, Journal of Scientific Exploration 15(3); 355–367.
Capmany, J. and Novak, D. (2007). “Microwave photonics combines two worlds”, Nature Photonics 1: 319 – 330.
David, F.R. (2010). The UFO–Christianity Connection: Fact or Fiction. New York and Bloomington: iUniverse.
Dennett, P.E.. (2008). UFOs and Aliens. New York: Chelsea House.
Elitzur, A.C. (1991). “Reviewed Work: Pseudoscience and the Paranormal: A Critical Examination of the Evidence by Terence Hines”, Journal of Mind and Behavior 12(1): 171-174.
Feder, K. (2015). Reviewed Work: Fingerprints of the Gods: The Evidence of Earth's Lost Civilization. Hancock Graham. American Antiquity, 80(3): 617-618.
Harrold, F.B. and Eve, R.A. (1986). “Noah's Ark and Ancient Astronauts: Pseudoscientific Beliefs About the Past Among a Sample of College Students”, Skeptical Inquirer 11(1): 61-75.
Hines, T. (1988). Pseudoscience and the Paranormal: A Critical Examination of the Evidence. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus.
Huyghe, P. (1994). “UFO update: the rise, fall, and afterlife of Erich von Daniken's theory of extraterrestrial gods”, Omni 18(8): 77.
La Tulippe, J. (2016). The UFO/Bigfoot Connection: Our Past, Our Present, Our Hell. Bloomington: Author House.
Leary, M.R. and Butler, T. (2015). Electronic Voice Phenomena. In Cardeña, E., Palmer, J. and Marcusson-Clavertz, D. Parapsychology: A Handbook for the 21st Century. North Carolina, McFarland & Company: 341-349.
Mason, P. (2009). UFOs and Aliens: Investigating Extraterrestrial Visitors. London: A & C Black.
Penczak, C. (2007). Ascension Magick: Ritual, Myth & Healing for the New Aeon. Woodbury: Llewellyn Publications.
Perks, D. 2012. UFO Shropshire: Ancient Stone Circles & Ley Lines. http://www.shropshirelive.com/2012/06/06/ufo-shropshire-ancient-stone-circles-ley-lines/ (accessed 14/05/2017)
Rainford, B. 2017. Mitchell’s Fold Stone Circle. http://barbararainford.co.uk/mitchells-fold-stone-circle/ (accessed 14/05/2017)
Roberts, A.R. (2016). UFOs: What Is the Government Really Covering Up? Bloomington: iUniverse.
Rutkowski, C.A. 2010. The Big Book of UFOs. Canada: Dundurn Press.
Sabol, J.G. (2013). “The Culture of War, Afterlife Conscious Minds, & Morphogenetic Fields: The Past Soundscapes of an American Civil War Battlefield”, Paranthropology: Journal of Anthropological Approaches to the Paranormal 4(3): 41-47.
Townsend, M. (2007). “Analysing paranormal sound recordings”, Anomaly: Journal of Research Into the Paranormal 41: 12-42.
UFO Centre. (2017). Stone Circles & Monuments. http://ufocentre.weebly.com/stone-circles-amp-monuments.html (accessed 14/05/2017)
Wilkins, H.T. (1946). Mysteries of Ancient South America. London: Rider & Company.
Von Daniken, E. 1973. Chariots of the Gods? : Unsolved mysteries of the past. Corgi.
(*) Ley lines correspond to invisible hypothetical alignments of magnetic energy that connect ancient sites and it is argued that extra-terrestrial craft use them as a point of navigation.
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Bizar gedrag alien megastructuur. Hoe kan een ster dit doen?
Bizar gedrag alien megastructuur. Hoe kan een ster dit doen?
Eén van de vreemdste sterren in ons sterrenstelsel is weer actief. Op vrijdag werd Tabby’s ster plotseling zwakker.
Astronomen richten nu zoveel mogelijk telescopen op de ster, die zich op 1300 lichtjaar van de aarde bevindt, om het vreemde signaal te ontcijferen.
In 2015 ontdekte een team sterrenkundigen onder leiding van Tabetha Boyajian van de Yale-universiteit dat de ster KIC 8462852 periodieke helderheidsdipjes vertoonde.
Analyse
De ster werd tot wel 22 procent zwakker om vervolgens weer normaal te worden.
In 2016 bleek uit een analyse van oude beelden dat KIC 8462852 tussen 1890 en 1989 in totaal 14 procent zwakker is geworden.
Met behulp van de Kepler-telescoop is ontdekt dat in de afgelopen vier jaar nog eens vier procent van het licht van de ster is weggenomen.
Vreemd object gespot op Google Earth. Is dit een gecrasht ruimteschip op Antarctica?
Vreemd object gespot op Google Earth. Is dit een gecrasht ruimteschip op Antarctica?
Het internet is weer in de ban van een ‘vondst’ op Antarctica. Er gaat momenteel een filmpje rond van een Russische UFO-jager die een ‘ruimteschip’ op het continent meent te hebben ontdekt.
Valentin Degteryov besloot beelden van het object, dat volgens hem al die tijd onontdekt is gebleven omdat het was bedekt met sneeuw, op internet te zetten nadat hij op een donkere vorm was gestuit op Google Earth.
De UFO-jager uit Nizjni Tagil, een stad in het Aziatische deel van Rusland, zegt dat het object bijna 600 meter lang is.
Smelten
Hij vermoedt dat het nu pas zichtbaar is geworden vanwege het smelten van de ijslaag op het meest zuidelijke continent.
Een filmpje dat dinsdag door Degteryov op YouTube is gezet, is inmiddels al honderdduizenden keren bekeken.
Bergtop
De meesten kunnen zich echter niet vinden in zijn theorie en zijn van mening dat het object een bergtop is.
De plek waar volgens Degteryov miljoenen jaren geleden een ruimteschip is neergestort, is te vinden door de volgende coördinaten in te voeren: 73°13’55.09″S,71°57’12.98″W.
Earlier this week, a newspaper in Shelburne County, Nova Scotia reported that an event planned to celebrate the 50th anniversary of one of Canada’s most famous UFO incidents was in jeopardy due to funding. The event is being organized by the Shag Harbour UFO Incident Society (SHUFOIS), who had hoped to secure a grant offered by Canada’s Department of Communities, Culture & Heritage. Unfortunately, they were not approved for the grant, putting the event’s future in question. However, according to SHUFOIS, an anonymous donor has come forward to fund the event, and the festivities are now back on.
The Shag Harbour Incident Society Museum.
(Credit: Shag Harbour Incident Society)
Shag Harbour is a small fishing village with around 500 residents. Their claim to fame is a UFO incident that occurred on October 4, 1967.
A website setup by the Canadian Library and Archives describes the UFO event:
Shag Harbour, Nova Scotia
October 4, 1967
On the night of October 4, 1967, officers of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and six civilians witnessed an incredible, yet unexplainable, sight. Earlier in the evening, the RCMP had received many phone calls from residents reporting that an airplane had crashed into Shag Harbour. Both the RCMP and locals had rushed to the shore of the harbour, but what they encountered there was far from a conventional aircraft.
Witnesses reported seeing an object 60 feet in length moving in an easterly direction before it descended rapidly into the water, making a bright splash on impact. A single white light appeared on the surface of the water for a short period of time. The RCMP, with help from local fishermen and their boats, endeavoured to reach the object before it sank completely.
Local fishermen remember travelling through thick, glittery, yellow foam to get to where they saw the object. Bubbles from underneath the surface of the water appeared around the boats. The crews attempted to search the area for evidence of survivors, but found no one.
The Department of National Defence (DND) conducted an underwater search of the area, but failed to locate any evidence of an object.
The crashing of the unidentified flying object into Shag Harbour is still discussed today, with many articles appearing on the Internet. There is no trace of the RCMP reports of this sighting in the files. The Department of National Defence has identified this sighting as unsolved, and the only documentation that exists in the files is a DND memo.
Canadian UFO report linked to in the Shag Harbour UFO Incident summary.
(Credit: Canada Library and Archives)
The incident is famous in UFO circles, and often referred to as Canada’s Roswell. However, SHUFOIS members say they have not received the support they feel they deserve.
Brock Zinck, vice-president of SHUFOIS , told the Shelburne County Coast Guard, “We can’t get a lot of love here in Shag Harbour; they won’t even give us a (Highway 103) sign.”
“Maybe the government doesn’t want to know we are there,” Zinck added.
Inside the Shag Harbour Incident Society Museum.
(Credit: Shag Harbour Incident Society)
Their hearts were further broken when they were denied the grant.
“We were really counting on the grant…we were excited,” Zinck said. “It does throw a wrench in our preparations. We had big plans to take it to the next level.”
However, in a press release OpenMinds.tv received this morning, Zinck writes: “We are back on track to make this the most epic Shag Harbour UFO Incident Festival ever. It’s going to be outta this world!”
Zinck says that a civilian, who is involved with the study of UFOs and “related phenomenon,” read about the lack of funding and, as Zinck puts it, “to our complete shock, offered a significant donation.”
Gazebo and sign outside of the Shag Harbour UFO Incident museum.
(Credit: DiscoverShelburneCounty.com)
Zinck says the donor wished to remain anonymous, but did provide a public statement.
Although there is much I can’t reveal, without any hesitation I can say the Canadian Government (and the International Community it answers to) appears to be concealing what happened in and around the waters of Shag Harbour, Canada on Oct 4th, 1967. People with the connections, notoriety, and finances are working hard to challenge how we view the world around us. Shag Harbour is one of the smoking guns that will be used to achieve this.
Mysterious, to say the least.
The weeklong festival will be held September 29 to October 1 later this year. There will also be an event on October 4, marking the actual anniversary of the event.
A Wisconsin witness at Sawyer County reported watching “three stacked orbs” hovering at a nearby tree line for 45 minutes, according to testimony in Case 83015 from the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) witness reporting database.
The witness observed three hovering orbs from his deck in Sawyer County, WI.
(Credit: Google)
The witness and his mother contacted Wisconsin Field Investigator Chad Laibly, who completed the report.
“The witness was having a cigarette at 11:50 p.m. when he walked out onto his wrap-around deck, came around a corner, and immediately noticed a bright object out of his peripheral vision,” Laibly stated in the report.“It scared the heck out of him.”
The witness immediately went to get his mother and she too noticed the object.
“As it was fairly cold, she only observed the phenomenon for 10 minutes. He watched it steadily for 45 minutes straight. Went inside, came out two hours later and it was gone.”
The object he observed quite well consisted of three orbs stacked on top of each other with an aura-type force sparkling force field surrounding them.
The edges of the object were observed to sparkle. Pictured: Sawyer County, WI.
(Credit: Google)
“The orbs were 12-15 feet wide, making the object about 36-45 feet tall. It was observed hovering above a tree line that was approximately one football field away and two football fields high. The orbs were solid, not transparent. The bottom was all white with a smear of pink. The middle was aqua-marine in color. The top was white/yellow to gold in color. All three orbs were surrounded by an unbroken, fuzzy ‘force field’ outline existing about a foot away from the edges of the objects – giving the objects the look of a full peapod.”
The objects were described as brighter than any other observable star. The witness identified the North Star as being to the east and not the object.
“He did not think it could be a drone or Chinese lantern in any way. It made no noise. It did not move slowly as time went on. It hovered silently and stayed about 35-degrees above the horizon with several houses and a golf course beneath. It did not dim. It did not waiver. The edges kind of sparkled, like a sparkler.”
The object hovered over several houses and a golf course for 45 minutes. Pictured: Sawyer County, WI.
(Credit: Google)
The witness says there were no negative effects related to the sighting.
“No missing time noted. No clouds, a very light wind at 5mph present. About 30-35 degrees in temperature he believed. He has no glasses and sees, hears, and smells fine. He has a phone, but knows from experience he can’t take pictures of stars at night because they never turn out. He’s quite often on his porch and has tried to do so in the past. He was quite shocked, watched it intently for a long time, is certain of his observation as described, and says it has changed his entire outlook on life. He will buy some color pencils and attempt to sketch a likeness.”
Sawyer County, WI, has a population of 16,557. No images or videos were included with the MUFON report, which was filed on April 7, 2017. Please remember that most UFO sightings can be explained as something natural or man-made. The above quotes were edited for clarity. Please report UFO activity to MUFON.com
Because church attendances worldwide are falling and that the percentage of individuals who identify as atheist or as not following a religion is increasing, it is generally increasingly becoming an accepted view that God does not exist.
The idea of a god of some kind isn't necessarily in a rapid decline, rather how people tend to think of God and the idea of organized religion.
It has long been established that the various Christian disciplines contain numerous contradictions not to mention revisions and portions of the Bible hidden from the public by the Vatican City.
The Catholic sect has experienced scandal after scandal over the last few years while the Muslim faith is gaining a worldwide negative reputation due to the continued actions terrorists using their scriptures as justification for their actions.
While religions are self-imploding, the view that most people have of the world and their understanding of the universe and our place in it is also changing.
As recently as a few decades ago people could easily deny the possibility of life on other planets as no other potentially life-bearing planets had been discovered. Similarly, the sheer size and scale of the universe and how tiny and insignificant humankind and the earth are was not known.
While the old ideas of a god being an omnipotent presence who watched over us die off, however, belief in a universal God is increasing. This is a god who does not care what we do, know we even exist or have any interest in being worshiped. More the idea that the universe started from somewhere and as scientific knowledge increases the one defining start point of the universe is increasingly unknown.
This suggests that while a deity as most people think of one doesn't exist, a god of some description becomes more likely. The more questions that science can answer, the more puzzling the fundamental questions become, and the more the answer can only be a deity of some kind.
Other examples of reasons for the existence of God include the spontaneous development of different forms of religion at various points in history, or the constant reemergence of different life forms after mass extinctions.
What are they hiding? Brexit blamed for latest delay in release of UK UFO 'X-Files'
What are they hiding? Brexit blamed for latest delay in release of UK UFO 'X-Files'
THE Pre-Brexit general election has been blamed for yet another delay to the release of British classified UFO files that the Ministry of Defence (MoD) appears reluctant to let go of.
Conspiracy theorists claim the Government is stalling and using any excuse to stop the release of the files as they may contain a smoking gun piece of evidence about alien visitations of Earth.
Last year the 18 files were sent to the National Archives for release to the public, but then mysteriously sent back to the MoD for further censure.
The latest release date was set to be this March, but, again they failed to materialise.
Now, the National Archives has blamed the upcoming general election - called to give Theresa May a mandate for Brexit - for further delays, according to Grenzwissenschaft-Aktuell.de.
They are believed to date from 1971-76 and 1996-2000, and 2004.
It is also hoped there are further files from the December 1980 Rendlesham Forest UFO incident that will shed more light on the bizarre case, when US military officer claim to have seen a UFO land.
GETTY
The delay to the release of the UFO files has led to cover-up claims.
A National Archives spokesman spoke to the German frontier science and the paranormal news blog.
He said: "Due to the upcoming election here in the UK and the rules relating to government departments during the pre-election period, the files will not be released until after the election.
"We are working to ensure that the files are ready for release as soon after this period as is possible: hopefully around the middle of June."
In 2013, the MoD claimed to have released all of its UFO related formerly classified files, after beginning declassification in 2008, but it later emerged in 2014 it had held back the 18 still to be released.
GETTY
UFO hunters hope the files will hold smoking gun evidence of alien visitations.
I understand people's frustration and can see why this delay is generating conspiracy theories. I hope the release of the last files can be fast-tracked after the election.
In a blog about the delay, Andreas Müller, editor of Grenzwissenschaft-Aktuell.de, wrote: "Since it became known in Autumn of 2014 that contrary to the claim that the British Ministry of Defence (MoD) has released all of its formerly secret UFO-files already back in 2013, still 18 files of the MoD’s former UFO-Bureau files were held back.
"UFO-researches as well as historians look forward to the release of those files, that has been postponed repeatedly since then.
"As even the latest release date given – March 2017 – has passed."
Nick Pope, who was formerly employed by the MoD to investigate the UFO phenomenon, until 2009, told Express.co.uk: "As a former civil servant I understand the reasons for this, but the UFO community will doubtless be suspicious of this latest delay.
"When I made the official announcement of the declassification and release of these UFO files in May 2008, the thinking was the the release project would take two or three years.
"Now, over nine years later, I understand people's frustration and can see why this delay is generating conspiracy theories.
"I hope the release of the last files can be fast-tracked after the election."
It’s almost certainly not aliens, but once again, Tabby’s Star is acting hella weird. The star that first became our planetary obsession back in the fall of 2015—when astronomer Jason Wright suggested its weird flickering behavior might be the result of an alien megastructure—is, once again, flickering. But unlike previous stellar glitches, astronomers are now prepared to study it in the act.
The world was first alerted to a alien signal mysterious change in the star’s light output in a tweet from Wright this morning.
As reported by Popular Science, Fairborn Observatory in Arizona confirmed that the star’s light output has recently dimmed by approximately 3 percent. As with previous dimming events, this can’t be easily explained by any ordinary stellar behavior. Past explanations for the star’s fits and starts include a swarm of cometary fragments, a recently-annihilated planet (full disclosure: my brother, an astronomer at Columbia University, came up with that one), and, every true believer’s favorite, an alien megastructure.
Tabby’s Star, or KIC 8462852 as it was first identified in the Kepler space telescope database, has confounded astronomers since its unusual light curve was first spotted by citizen scientists. Over four years of Kepler observations, the star’s light output intermittently tanked, dropping by roughly 20 percent on one occasion. The more astronomers looked at the star, the weirder things got. An analysis of old photographic plates hinted that the star’s light output diminished a whopping 19 percent over the 20th century, and a subsequent analysis of Kepler’s data seemed to confirm long-term dimming. It was soon decided that the only way to solve the mystery would be to observe the star in the act of dimming across the electromagnetic spectrum. Following a successful crowdfunding campaign by star-discoverer Tabetha Boyajian last spring, that’s exactly what astronomers have been gearing up to do.
Now, they’re wasting no time. A call is currently open for telescopes around the world, including amateur astronomers, to point their eyes at Tabby’s Star and watch how its light curve changes over the course of the ongoing dimming event. “Right now, we’re organizing lots of different telescopes,” Wright said in an interview with UC Berkeley’s SETI program, noting that observers on both Keck telescopes in Hawaii were going to look at Tabby’s Star tonight, along with, hopefully, folks at several other observatories elsewhere in the United States and around the world. “It should be a really exciting weekend.
As I’ve explained previously, Kepler’s data on Tabby’s Star consisted of a smear of white light. More precise measurements at different wavelengths could help us zero in on whatever material is actually occluding it. A spectra with high absorption in blue and ultraviolet wavelengths, for instance, could point to a giant blob of dust around the star, while an excess of infrared radiation may support the comet hypothesis.
But what would support the theory of a vast alien construction project? Only the most extraordinary evidence—although at this point, as long as the star continues to defy natural explanations, the nerds in the room can dream on.
Exciting stuff! I’ve reached out to Boyajian and Wright for comment on what the next steps are, and I’ll update this post if I hear back. If you’re keen to learn more right now, SETI’s hour-long conversation with Wright today, embedded above, is chock full of additional information.
'Alien Megastructure' Star Is at It Again with the Strange Dimming
'Alien Megastructure' Star Is at It Again with the Strange Dimming
By Calla Cofield, Space.com Staff Writer
An artist's illustration of Boyajian's star, which experiences unexplained changes in brightness. One hypothesis is that a planet has broken up around the star, and the debris is block the star's light.
Credit: NASA/JPL/Caltech
The perplexing cosmic object known as "Boyajian's star" is once again exhibiting a mysterious pattern of dimming and brightening that scientists have tried to explain with hypotheses ranging from swarms of comets to alien megastructures.
Today (May 19), an urgent call went out to scientists around the world to turn as many telescopes as possible toward the star, to try and crack the mystery of its behavior.
"At about 4 a.m. this morning I got a phone call … that Fairborn [Observatory] in Arizona had confirmed that the star was 3 percent dimmer than it normally is," Jason Wright, an associate professor of astronomy at Pennsylvania State University, who is managing a study of Boyajian's star, said during a live webcast today at 2 p.m. EDT (1800 GMT). "That is enough that we are absolutely confident that this is no statistical fluke. We've now got it confirmed at multiple observatories, I think.
Star KIC 8462852, or Boyajian's star (also nicknamed "Tabby's star," for astronomer Tabetha Boyajian, who led the team that first detected the star's fluctuations), has demonstrated an irregular cycle of growing dimmer and then returning to its previous brightness. These changes were first spotted in September 2015 using NASA's Kepler Space Telescope, which was built to observe these kinds of dips in a star's brightness, because they can be caused by a planet moving in front of the star as seen from Earth.
But the brightness changes exhibited by Boyajian don't show the kind of regularity that is typical of a planet's orbit around its star, and scientists can't see how the changes could be explained by a system of planets.
Scientists have hypothesized that the changes could be due to a swarm of comets passing in front of the star, that they're the result of strong magnetic activity, or that it's some massive structure built by aliens. But no leading hypothesis has emerged, so scientists have been eager to capture a highly detailed picture of the light coming from the star during one of these dimming periods. This detailed view is what scientists typically call an object spectra. It can reveal, for example, the specific chemical elements that are in a gas. It can also tell scientists if an object is moving toward or away from the observer.
"Whatever's causing the star to get dimmer will leave a spectral fingerprint behind," Wright said during the webcast, which took place in the Breakthrough Listen laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley. "So if there is a lot of dust between us and the star … it will block more blue light than red light. If there is gas in that dust, that gas should absorb very specific wavelengths and we should be able to see that. And so, we've been eager to see one of these changes in one of these dips of the star so we can take some spectra."
But the scientists couldn't predict when the next dimming event would occur or how long it will last. (Dips detected by Kepler lasted for between two and seven days, according to Wright.) Professional-grade telescopes typically schedule observing time weeks or months in advance, so Wright and his colleagues knew their observations would have to come at the behest of colleagues who were already using the telescopes for other projects.
"We need to have a network of people around the world that are ready to jump on [and observe it]," Wright said. "Fortunately, Tabby's star is not too faint and so there are a lot of observers and telescopes … that have graciously agreed to take some time out of their science to grab a spectrum for us [tonight]."
Wright said the call had gone out to amateur as well as professional astronomers to observe Boyajian's star during this dimming period. The largest and most powerful telescopes that will heed the call are the twin 10-meter telescopes at the W.H. Keck Observatory in Hawaii. The team is working to gain observing time on at least three other large telescopes on the U.S., according to Wright.
The Breakthrough Listen initiative, which searches for signs of intelligent life in the universe, has also taken an interest in the star and will be observing it with the Automated Planet Finder telescope at Lick Observatory in California, according to Andrew Siemion, director or the Berkeley SETI Research Center, said in the webcast.
"It's Super Bowl Sunday," Siemion said of the atmosphere at the during the webcast. "There's a palpable tension."
Breakthrough and the Berkeley center are now trying to get some observing time on the Green Bank radio telescope in West Virginia, according to Siemion.
Boyajian was the astronomer at Yale University who led the team that initially spotted the star's brightness fluctuations. It was Boyajian who called Wright at 4 a.m. to confirm that the star is dimming.
REVEALED: The REAL Men in Black exposed by alien hunters
REVEALED: The REAL Men in Black exposed by alien hunters
ARMIES of conspiracy theorists have been desperately seeking the truth about aliens and UFOs for years – could real Men In Black be hiding it from the public?
Sci-fi blockbuster Men in Black was an international hit in 1997 for showing two US secret agents – played by Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones – tracking down aliens and erasing the memories of any witnesses that saw them.
The movie – based on a 1992 comic by Lowell Cunningham – was such a success that it spawned two sequels, a number 1 hit record, an animated series, merchandise and now talks of another film are in the works.
But despite the fun and light-hearted tone of the film, the origins of the tale are hauntingly real.
Dozens of sightings of "strange men in black suits" have been recorded over the years and Daily Star Online delved deep into these bizarre accounts.
Who are the REAL Men in Black?
The real Men in Black are rumoured to be part of a secret US government agency who ask questions and give no answers.
The men are believed to be human-alien hybrids that only target civilians who have been abducted by extra terrestrials, seen UFOs or are actively researching alien life.
It is not known what the men do to "believers" but reports suggest they arrive out of the blue, flash security cards and ask questions about the sightings, even if they weren't reported.
The Men in Black are said to demand silence regarding the sighting and confiscate any materials related to aliens or UFOs.
There have been many Men in Black sightings over the years, some of which feature in the video above.
COLUMBIAPICTURES
GALAXY DEFENDERS: The Men in Black could be real if several accounts of sightings are true
When did the first Men in Black sighting take place?
The first Men in Black sighting reportedly occurred in 1947 in "The Maury Island incident".
Harold Dahl claims he saw six saucer-like objects in June of that year on Maury Island in Washington, US.
The alien craft dropped "molten hot debris" that killed his dog and burnt his son but, terrified, he told no one.
The sighting alone was terrifying enough but what happened next is even creepier.
Dahl was then visited by a man in a black suit driving a Buick car who invited him to eat breakfast at a nearby diner to go over the details.
After sharing his flying saucer story, Dahl was warned that "bad things would happen to him and his family if he told anyone about the incident", according to UFO networking site MUFON.
YOUTUBE
MIBS: The first sighting of Men in Black took place in 1947
“Was that an MIB experience?”
Dan Aykroyd, Ghostbusters star
Men in Black sightings have happened since?
After Howard Dahl's strange experience, a man called Albert K. Bender started releasing news about UFOs to "believers" after he was visited by men in dark suits and threatened in 1952.
He published a magazine called Space Review and claimed to have discovered the truth about a UFO cover-up.
Bender was going to publish the revelation in an issue but was visited three times by "men dressed in black".
He never released the information, stopped the publishing of his magazine and dissolved a society he had created called the International Flying Saucer Bureau (IFSB), just one year after launching it.
Bender released this statement: “The mystery of the flying saucers is no longer a mystery. The source is already known, but any information about this is being withheld by order from a higher source.
"We would like to print the full story in Space Review, but because of the nature of the information we are very sorry that we have been advised in the negative."
COLUMBIAPICTURES
SMASH HIT: Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones as the Men in Black
But no explanation was given as to why the magazine was stopped or the IFSB closed.
Another man called Paul Miller saw a disappearing "luminous silo" in a field with weird human-like creatures inside, while walking with friends in 1961.
Terrified, he panicked and shot at them with a rifle.
Miller and his friends claimed to have blackouts on the way home afterwards and lose three hours.
A more recent Men in Black experience was revealed by Ghostbusters star Dan Aykroyd.
The 64-year-old actor was about to film a UFO documentary series but had it abruptly cancelled.
Just before interviewing a pair of alien abductees, Aykroyd went outside for a breath of fresh air to see a tall man in a black sedan waiting outside.
The man apparently gave the star "a real dirty look" before disappearing.
In a 2005 documentary called Dan Aykroyd Unplugged on UFOs, he says: "The show was cancelled two hours later. Was that an MIB experience?"
The weird light blips coming from this star might be caused by a family of comets or collision debris, but scientists don't really know.
NASA/JPL-Caltech
In late 2015, astronomers noticed something absurd happening around a distant star. Something massive seemed to be blocking as much as 20 percent of the star’s light.
That’s way too much to be a planet. It might be comets, or maybe an alien-made Dyson swarm. The problem is that none of the hypotheses that scientists have come up with (including the one about aliens) really fits with the data. That leads them to think that some as-yet-undiscovered phenomena is happening around this star.
For years, astronomer Tabetha Boyajian and her colleagues have been waiting for the mysterious light dips to happen again, so that they could collect more data and try to get to the bottom of the mystery. And now it seems the star is finally dimming again:
The researchers suspected another dip was happening yesterday, but this morning the Fairborn Observatory in Arizona confirmed that the star has dimmed by three percent. (By comparison, a Jupiter-sized planet would block one percent of a star's light, at most.) The team has put out a call for amateur astronomers and large observatories to point their scopes at the star and try to collect data. The Swift, Keck, Fairborn, and Lick telescopes are among the observatories who'll helping the effort.
In particular, the astronomers want to see how the star looks in different wavelengths. That's because different materials will block some wavelengths but not others, offering clues to the identify of any circumstellar material that may be blocking the light.
The light from 'Tabby's Star' has dipped by three percent so far. Astronomers aren't sure if the light will continue to plummet, or if so, for how long.
If it's dust that's blocking the light, the spectra should show big dips in the blue and ultraviolet wavelengths. If it's other stuff orbiting the star, like a family of huge comets, then the observations should show extra heat being radiated off of this stuff. So far, that excess infrared has remained elusive, but Jason Wright, an astronomer from Penn State, said that the observations that will start tonight could provide the first evidence of that.
If it's an alien megastructure, or some kind of internal process, all of the wavelengths should get dimmer equally. A bizarre signature, such as Tritium or artificial elements would be a pretty strong hint for aliens, although it would take an extraordinary amount of evidence to prove such an extraordinary claim.
Wright said they might have some preliminary results back as soon as tomorrow night, but other data will take longer to analyze.
“I don’t think we’re going to solve the puzzle this weekend," says Wright, but he added that this weekend may be when they collect the data that eventually solves the puzzle.
This post was updated to include information from a livestream starting at 2pm Eastern on 5/19/2017.
Stan Michalak can still vividly remember when his dad came home sick and injured after something happened in the Falcon Lake woods in Manitoba on the May long weekend of 1967.
It was something that put his family life into upheaval and remains one of the world's best-known UFO encounters.
"I recalled seeing him in bed. He didn't look good at all. He looked pale, haggard," said Michalak, who was nine years old at the time and was allowed to see his dad for a couple of minutes on the day after what soon become known as the Falcon Lake incident.
"When I walked into the bedroom there was a huge stink in the room, like a real horrible aroma of sulphur and burnt motor. It was all around and it was coming out of his pores. It was bad," said Michalak, who co-authored the book When They Appeared with Winnipeg UFO researcher Chris Rutkowski.
Stefan Michalak's sketch of the strange craft he encountered.
The book will be launched on Saturday in conjunction with the 50th anniversary of the incident.
"I was very afraid. My dad had been injured and I didn't know anything about it," Michalak told CBC News in recalling that Saturday 50 years earlier.
Within a couple of days, however, not only did he know more — so did much of the public.
The story about his dad being burned by a UFO ran in the Winnipeg Tribune newspaper "and that's when everything pretty much hit the fan," Michalak said.
The encounter
Stefan Michalak was an industrial mechanic by trade and an amateur geologist who liked to venture into the wilderness around Falcon Lake — about 150 kilometres east of Winnipeg — to prospect for quartz and silver.
He had staked some claims the prior year and set out on the May long weekend in 1967 to explore some more.
On May 20, 1967, Stefan was near a vein of quartz along the Precambrian Shield in the area when the 51-year-old was startled by a gaggle of nearby geese that erupted into a clattering of honks.
A grid of dots can be seen on Stefan Michalak's burned shirt.
According to his accounts, as reported in newspapers at the time and since repeated in books, magazines and on TV shows like Unsolved Mysteries, Stefan looked up and saw two cigar-shaped objects with a reddish glow hovering about 45 metres away.
One descended, according to Stefan's account, landing on a flat section of rock and taking on more of a disc shape. The other remained in the air for a few minutes before flying off.
Believing it to be a secret U.S.military experimental craft, Stefan sat back and sketched it over the next half hour. Then he decided to approach, later recalling the warm air and smell of sulphur as he got closer, as well as a whirring sound of motors and a hissing of air.
Apiece of the radioactive metal that was retrieved from the crash site in 1968. It was found in the cracks of the Precambrian rock.
(Chris Rutkowski)
He also noted a door open on the side with bright lights inside, and said he heard voices muffled by the sounds from the craft.
He said he called out, offering mechanical help to the "Yankee boys" if they needed it. The voices went quiet but did not answer, so Stefan tried in his native Polish, then in Russian and finally in German.
Only the whirr and hiss of the craft responded.
He claims he went closer and noted the smooth metal of the ship, with no seams. He then looked into the bright doorway, pulling on the welding goggles he used to protect his eyes while chipping at rocks during prospecting.
Stefan Michalak wearing the welding goggles he says he used to peer into the craft he encountered in Falcon Lake.
(My encounter with the UFO/Stefan Michalak)
Inside, Stefan said he saw light beams and panels of various-coloured flashing lights, but could not see anyone or any living thing. When he stepped away, three panels slid across the door opening and sealed it.
He reached to touch the craft, which he said melted the fingertips of the glove he was wearing.
The craft then began to turn counter-clockwise and Stefan says he noticed a panel that contained a grid of holes. Shortly afterward, he was struck in the chest by a blast of air or gas that pushed him backward and set his shirt and cap ablaze.
He ripped away the burning garments as the craft lifted off and flew away.
Disoriented and nauseous, Stefan stumbled through the forest and vomited. He eventually made his way back to his motel room in Falcon Lake then caught a bus back to Winnipeg.
He was treated at a hospital for burns to his chest and stomach that later turned into raised sores on a grid-like pattern. And for weeks afterwards, he suffered from diarrhea, headaches, blackouts and weight loss.
'It just flipped our lives over'
Once the story was out, the RCMP, the air force, the media, various government agencies, and hordes of gawking members of the public descended on the Michalaks's small River Heights bungalow in Winnipeg.
That's who Michalak refers to in the title of the book — those endless visitors and phone calls, the media and people camping on the lawn, the people who would follow Michalak to school one day peppering him with questions.
"It just flipped our lives over," he said. "It took several years before it finally died down."
When They Appeared is being launched this weekend, on the 50th anniversary of the Falcon Lake incident.
(Chris Rutkowski)
After that, and until the day he died in 1999 at the age of 83, Stefan believed he never should have said a thing, Michalak said.
But at the time, he felt it was a duty. He wanted others, if they were to see the same thing, to avoid it and not get hurt, Michalak said.
In Poland, before Stefan moved his family to Canada, he was a military policeman with a set of moral guidelines that he lived by — that is, if something happened, it should be reported, Michalak said.
In addition to constant probing from authorities, the family endured condemnation and criticism in the public, Stefan's sanity was questioned and Michalak was bullied in school.
Though he wished he hadn't said anything, Stefan never backed away from the story, either. He also never claimed to have seen aliens and still considered it a secret military craft.
"If you asked him what it was he saw, he could describe it in intimate detail but he would never say, 'Oh, it was definitely extraterrestrials,' because there was no evidence to prove that," said Michalak.
"He might ask, 'What do you think I saw?' but right up until he died, his story never changed one iota — nothing about it or how he told it."
In all those years since and with some 300 pages of documentation on the encounter, "there's nothing so far that has flawed his story," Michalak said.
So what does he think?
"I'm not so close-minded that I can't entertain the possibility that it's otherworldly. I can't discount that. But without specific evidence to show me that it is, I don't know," Michalak said.
"What I can tell you is that I'm an aviation fanatic, a huge aviation buff, and I am very familiar with how aviation technology has advanced in the past 50 years. And there was nothing even close to that in the works anywhere at that time."
Intensely investigated
The case was investigated intensely by a number of levels of government and the official conclusion, even from the United States Air Force, was that the case was unexplained, Rutkowski noted.
"The Falcon Lake incident is possibly Canada's best-documented UFO case," he said.
"It even beats Roswell [the alleged flying disc that landed in New Mexico in 1947] because the United States still doesn't recognize that anything happened in Roswell out of the ordinary."
"If Dad hoaxed this — remember we're talking about a blue-collar, industrial mechanic — if he hoaxed it then he was a freakin' genius."- Stan Michalak
Items were later retrieved from the encounter site, including Stefan's glove and shirt and some tools, which were subjected to extensive analysis at an RCMP crime lab. No one could determine what caused the burns.
At the landing site was a circle about 15 feet in diameter, devoid of the moss and vegetation growing in other areas of the same rock outcropping. Soil samples, along with samples of clothing, were tested and deemed to be highly radioactive.
So were pieces of metal that were chipped out of cracks in the rock about a year after the incident. The metal had somehow been melted into the cracks.
Many of the items have long since been lost as they were transferred through various authorities and agencies. However, Rutkowski and Michalak still have one of the pieces of metal, which remains radioactive.
Still sick in 1968 with recurrences of the burns showing up on his chest and suffering from blackouts, Stefan went to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn.
Doctors did a thorough investigation and even sent him to a psychiatrist "who came back with the report that this is a fellow who's very pragmatic, very down to earth — pardon the pun — and does not make up stories," Rutkowski said.
"If Dad hoaxed this — remember we're talking about a blue-collar, industrial mechanic — if he hoaxed it then he was a freakin' genius," said Michalak.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
19-05-2017
Landschap van Titan lijkt meer op dat van Mars
Landschap van Titan lijkt meer op dat van Mars
Tim Kraaijvanger
Wolken, regen, rivieren, meren en zeeën: Titan heeft het allemaal. Toch beweren wetenschappers dat Titan meer op Mars lijkt dan op de aarde.
Geologen hebben rivieren op Titan vergeleken met vroegere rivieren op Mars en de jonge aarde. Ze analyseerden hoe rivieren op de grootste maan van Saturnus lopen en konden op die manier een hoogtekaart maken. Daaruit blijkt dat er grote verschillen zijn tussen Titan en de aarde. In een paper in het wetenschappelijke vakblad Science gaan de onderzoekers dieper op deze verschillen in.
Zo lijkt het landschap van Titan niet op dat van de aarde. De wetenschappers vermoeden dat dit te maken heeft met het feit dat er geen platentektoniek is op Titan. Op aarde is er wel platentektoniek, wat wil zeggen dat delen van de aardkorst ten opzichte van elkaar verschuiven. Wetenschappers denken dat platentektoniek belangrijk is geweest voor de ontwikkeling van leven op aarde.
Platentektoniek Platentektoniek heeft op aarde een grote invloed op de topografie. Op plekken waar platen botsen, ontstaan bergen. Dit zijn de plaatsen waar rivieren ontspringen. Aangezien er op Titan geen platentektoniek is, wordt de topografie van de planeet gevormd door andere factoren. Deze processen zijn nog onbekend. Een mogelijkheid is dat het landschap van Titan wordt gevormd door veranderingen in de dikte van de ijzige korst van de maan, bijvoorbeeld doordat Saturnus aan deze korst trekt.
Mars Mars is weer een verhaal apart. De hoogste bergen op Mars zijn schildvulkanen, zoals Olympus Mons en Ascraeus Mons. De topografie van de rode planeet werd miljarden jaren geleden al gevormd door vulkanisme.
Drie verschillende waterwerelden “Het is bijzonder dat er drie werelden zijn in ons zonnestelsel waar rivieren stroomden of stromen”, zegt professor Taylor Perron van MIT. “Rivieren hebben het landschap veranderd. Door naar deze veranderingen te kijken, leren we meer over de geschiedenis van deze werelden.”
De maan zou tussen de 240 en 400 kilometer groot zijn.
Astronomen ontdekten de maan dankzij observaties van ruimtetelescopen Hubble en Kepler. Hoe groot de maan precies is, is nog onduidelijk. Waarschijnlijk heeft deze een diameter tussen de 240 en 400 kilometer. Ter vergelijking: 2007 OR10 heeft zelf een diameter van zo’n 1530 kilometer.
2007 OR10: EEN GROTE KLEINE JONGEN
2007 OR10 is te vinden in de Kuipergordel. Het is een dwergplaneet en behoort dus tot een select gezelschap. Tot op heden zijn we ons van het bestaan van slechts negen dwergplaneten bewust. 2007 OR10 behoort tot de wat grotere dwergplaneten: alleen Pluto en Eris zijn groter.
De eerste aanwijzing De eerste aanwijzingen dat de dwergplaneet 2007 OR10 een maan bezat, kregen onderzoekers via ruimtetelescoop Kepler in handen. Deze telescoop ontdekte dat de dwergplaneet er zo’n 45 uur over doet om een rondje rond zijn as te draaien. Daarmee is ‘ie aan de langzame kant. “Doorgaans hebben Kuipergordelobjecten een rotatietijd van minder dan 24 uur,” vertelt onderzoeker Csaba Kiss. Dat 2007 OR10 aanzienlijk langzamer draaide, kon wel eens het resultaat zijn van een maantje dat met zijn zwaartekracht aan de dwergplaneet trok. En dus doken de onderzoekers in archiefbeelden van Hubble. En jawel, op twee foto’s die een jaar na elkaar waren gemaakt, ontdekten de onderzoekers een stipje dat duidelijk bij de dwergplaneet hoorde.
Foto: NASA / ESA / C. Kiss (Konkoly Observatory) & J. Stansberry (STScI).
Baan is onbekend Ironisch genoeg weten onderzoekers nog altijd niet of er een verband is tussen de trage rotatie van 2007 OR10 en het bestaan van de maan. Dat komt doordat de baan van het maantje nog niet in kaart is gebracht.
De ontdekking van het maantje is belangrijk. Het maantje kan namelijk meer vertellen over de omstandigheden waarin 2007 OR10 en andere dwergplaneten zijn ontstaan. We weten nu dat bijna alle grote dwergplaneten – met een diameter groter dan 965 kilometer – in de Kuipergordel een maantje hebben (alleen Sedna heeft geen natuurlijke satelliet). “De ontdekking van satellieten rond alle bekende grote dwergplaneten – met uitzondering van Sedna – betekent dat in de tijd dat deze hemellichamen ontstonden regelmatig botsingen plaatsvonden,” legt Kiss uit. Want de maantjes zijn dar het resultaat van. Het wijst er weer op dat de Kuipergordel 4,6 miljard jaar tamelijk dichtbevolkt was.
Op jacht naar aliens: een bijna onmogelijke zoektocht
Op jacht naar aliens: een bijna onmogelijke zoektocht
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Zoeken naar aliens: we moeten het doen, maar we weten eigenlijk niet hoe. “De kans dat we buitenaards leven in onze directe omgeving gaan vinden, is héél klein.”
Al decennia speuren we met behulp van radiotelescopen naar signalen van buitenaards leven. Zonder resultaat. Misschien zou je bijna gaan vermoeden dat het leven op aarde uniek is. De meeste wetenschappers willen daar echter nog niet aan. Zij kunnen zich onmogelijk voorstellen dat er in een universum gevuld met miljarden hemellichamen maar één planeet is waarop intelligent leven is ontstaan. Ook Heino Falcke, als radioastronoom en astrodeeltjesfysicus verbonden aan de Radboud Universiteit in Nijmegen, acht het bestaan van aliens “aannemelijk”. Maar op de vraag of hij denkt dat er buitenaards leven is, antwoordt hij wat terughoudender. “We moeten het eerst vinden, tot die tijd weten we het gewoon niet.”
Zeldzaam En het vinden van die aliens: dat blijkt nog niet zo eenvoudig. “Wat is een succesvolle methode om aliens op te sporen? Dat weten we eigenlijk pas als we ze vinden.” Maar dat de radiotelescopen van SETI ondanks dat ze al decennia op zoek zijn naar buitenaardse signalen nog geen succes hebben gehad, wil niet gelijk zeggen dat die methode niet deugt of dat er geen aliens bestaan. “Intelligent leven is zelfs in de geschiedenis van onze planeet een heel zeldzaam verschijnsel,” stelt Falcke. Het lijkt dan ook aannemelijk dat intelligent buitenaards leven ook niet zomaar overal ontspringt. En dus is het zoeken naar een speld in een hooiberg. Die spreekwoordelijk hooiberg is enorm. “Je moet de omvang van het heelal nooit onderschatten.” En op het moment kunnen we zelfs met de krachtigste radiotelescopen in een gegeven periode slechts in een klein hoekje van die hooiberg naar de spreekwoordelijke speld zoeken. “De kans dat we buitenaards leven in onze directe omgeving gaan vinden, is klein,” denkt Falcke. Maar hoe meer planeten en sterren we op steeds grotere afstand van de aarde bestuderen, hoe groter de kans wordt dat het een keer raak is.
“WAAROM ZOU JE WILLEN COMMUNICEREN MET IEMAND DIE ONS WEL KAN BEZOEKEN, MAAR WAAR WIJ NIET NAAR TOE KUNNEN?”
METI Terwijl SETI in een fractie van dat enorme universum op zoek is naar buitenaardse signalen, gaan er ook stemmen op voor een actievere zoektocht naar leven: METI. METI staat voor Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Het is eigenlijk heel simpel: in plaats van te zoeken naar buitenaardse signalen gaan we zelf radiosignalen uitzenden in de hoop dat aliens die dan opvangen. Falcke is echter niet enthousiast. “Ten eerste denk ik niet dat het wat oplevert. De kans dat iemand dat oppikt, is klein. Ten tweede vind ik het geen goed idee om met heel veel energie echt in de Melkweg bekend te maken dat wij er zijn. Je weet tenslotte nooit wat je tegenkomt.” Want de kans dat aliens de signalen opvangen, is klein, maar weldegelijk aanwezig. En daar krijgt Falcke eerlijk gezegd de bibbers van. “We weten uit de geschiedenis dat een botsing tussen twee beschavingen altijd uitvalt in het voordeel van de beschaving met grotere resources en betere technologieën. In dit geval zou dat de beschaving zijn die de ander kan bezoeken.” En dus lijkt het erop dat we bij voorbaat al aan het kortste eind trekken. “Waarom zou je willen communiceren met iemand die ons wel kan bezoeken, maar waar wij niet naar toe kunnen?” Falcke lijkt er nu al van uit te gaan dat we van aliens geen amicale houding hoeven te verwachten. “Waarom zouden zij beter zijn dan wij? Mensen die dat denken, zijn naïef.”
Aan boord van de beide Voyager-ruimtesondes bevindt zich een boodschap voor aliens. Mocht buitenaards leven de sondes – waarvan er één vermoedelijk al in de interstellaire ruimte is beland – tegenkomen, kunnen ze dankzij de grammofoonplaat onder meer aardse geluiden (wind en vogelzang) horen.
Afbeelding: NASA / JPL.
LOFAR Maar als SETI – tot op heden – onsuccesvol is en METI ronduit gevaarlijk, hoe moeten we dan verder? Falcke is wel te spreken over Breakthrough Listen, een project waarbinnen met meerdere radiotelescopen naar buitenaardse radiosignalen en laserpulsen wordt gezocht. “Dat is een slimme aanpak.” Maar als Falcke het voor het zeggen had – en een ongelimiteerd budget toegewezen kreeg – zou hij de zoektocht naar aliens toch net wat anders aanpakken. “Ik zou zoiets als LOFAR (een radiotelescoop met duizenden radioantennes, red.) opnieuw gaan bouwen, maar dan groter. En dan de hele hemel doorzoeken.” Met een beetje geluk resulteert het in het oppikken van een buitenaards signaal. “En anders levert het sowieso fantastische wetenschap op.” Maar zo’n LOFAR 2.0 blijft – ondanks dat we in staat zijn om deze te bouwen – voorlopig een hersenspinsel, denkt Falcke. “Voor zoiets heb je miljarden nodig.”
Vragen Terwijl wetenschappers zich het hoofd breken over hóe we die aliens nu het beste kunnen vinden, rijst wellicht bij jou de vraag waarom we zo nodig op zoek moeten naar buitenaards leven. Falcke kan er kort over zijn: “Het is een bijzonder fundamenteel vraagstuk.” Hij wijst erop dat er wel miljoenen vragen te bedenken zijn die met de ontdekking van buitenaards leven wellicht beantwoord kunnen worden. “Hoe werkt het leven ergens anders? Welke kennis hebben de aliens? Hoe zit hun samenleving in elkaar? Hoe kijken zij naar het heelal of naar religie?” somt Falcke op. “En door naar anderen te kijken, ga je ook nadenken over jezelf.”
“STEL JE STUURT: “IK BEN ER, ZULLEN WE NAAR DE KROEG GAAN?”, DAN BEN JE AL DOOD VOOR JE ANTWOORD KRIJGT”
Communiceren Om die miljoenen prangende vragen te kunnen beantwoorden, moeten we echter niet alleen buitenaards leven ontdekken, maar ook een manier vinden om ermee te communiceren. En dat is waarschijnlijk een stuk lastiger dan veel mensen – afgaand op sciencefictionfilms – denken, vertelt Falcke. “Waarschijnlijk bevinden aliens zich op grote afstand. Als we een signaal van hen oppikken, is dat misschien al wel 1000 of 10.000 jaar onderweg.” En dus is niet bewezen dat de beschaving die dit signaal uitzond er nog steeds is. “Wie zegt dat wij er over 1000 jaar nog zijn?” En als je dan een signaal terugstuurt, is dat ook weer duizenden jaren onderweg. “Stel je stuurt: “Ik ben er, zullen we naar de kroeg gaan?”, dan ben je al dood voor je antwoord krijgt.”
Falcke is binnenkort hopelijk te zien in de documentaire ‘Searching for Aliens‘. De documentaire gaat over vijf mensen die op verschillende manieren zoeken naar buitenaards leven. Om de documentaire van de grond te krijgen, is nog een klein beetje geld nodig. Vandaar dat een crowdfundingsactie is opgezet. Je kunt er hier meer over lezen.
Religie Maar zelfs als communiceren lastig of onmogelijk is, zal de wetenschap dat aliens bestaan of bestaan hebben, toch verstrekkende gevolgen hebben op aarde? Falcke denkt van niet. “Misschien dat de kranten er de eerste dag vol van staan, maar de volgende dag gaat het leven weer verder. Dat gaat onze beschaving echt niet op zijn kop zetten.” Zelfs religies zouden het bestaan van de alien kunnen overleven, denkt Falcke, zelf christen. “Bijna 900 jaar geleden werd er binnen de kerk al gediscussieerd over het bestaan van andere planeten. En toen werd besloten dat het verboden was om uit te sluiten dat andere werelden bestaan. En een Parijse bisschop voegde er later aan toe dat je niet mocht zeggen dat buitenaards leven niet bestaat. Want zo beperk je de macht van God en je moet God niet voorschrijven wat hij wel en niet mag creëren.”
Aliens zetten de wereld dus niet op hun kop. Anders is dat voor de wetenschappelijke wereld. “Als we ze vinden, leren we ontzettend veel. Dan verdubbelt in één klap het aantal beschavingen in de Melkweg! En misschien vinden we wel leven op planeten waarop we het helemaal niet verwacht hadden.” Een andere optie is natuurlijk dat we geen intelligent, maar eenvoudig buitenaards leven vinden. “Plant- of dierachtigen of eenvoudige cellen,” somt Falcke op. Hij benadrukt dat het vinden van sporen van die levensvormen misschien nog wel lastiger is dan het vinden van intelligent leven. “Daarvoor moet je in de dampkring van planeten kijken en daar heb je heel krachtige telescopen voor nodig.” Met de nieuwe generatie telescopen – zoals de James Webb-telescoop – kunnen we die dampkringen onder de loep gaan nemen, maar grote doorbraken verwacht Falcke nog niet. “De komende decennia verwacht ik dat we zo af en toe horen dat er misschien een aanwijzing voor buitenaards leven is gevonden.” Maar zeker zullen we daar – zonder nog betere telescopen – dus niet van zijn. Dat het zo lastig wordt om aliens te vinden, kan eigenlijk geen verrassing zijn. Neem nou Mars, een planeet waarvan sterk vermoed wordt dat deze ooit leven herbergde. “Deze bevindt zich in de achtertuin en we kunnen de planeet bezoeken en nog weten we niet zeker of er leven is geweest.” Of buitenaards leven bestaat, kan dan ook nog eeuwen een raadsel zijn. “Maar dat raadsel kan ook morgen opgelost zijn.”
Strange lights have been spotted in the night sky over Devon, which UFO hunters believe are proof that aliens or the government are conducting anti-gravity flights.
A popular UFO hunting YouTube channel has uploaded footage of an encounter by a bus driver showing a bizarre triangular shaped object.
But one leading expert believes that a more down to Earth explanation, like a drone or Chinese lanterns, is more likely.
Scroll down for video
Footage that appears to show a strange spinning triangle of lights in the night sky (circled) is proof that aliens are conducting anti-gravity flights above England, according to conspiracy theorists
ANTI-GRAVITY
Many of the 'spacecraft' captured on amateur footage over they years appear to hover and move at great speed in any direction, according to conspiracy theorists.
They usually do so silently, leading the UFO community to conclude that they do not use conventional methods of propulsion.
One popular explanation is that the craft utilise a method of anti-gravity called electrogravitics, which uses an electrical field to reduce an objects mass.
This could theoretically free it from gravity's clutches and allow it to move in the unusual manner of a UFO.
The video, which appears to show a spinning triangle of lights above Exmouth, in east Devon, was captured by a bus driver who was on a break.
Speaking to UFO website Mufon, the unknown driver is reported to have said: 'I was taking to my best man about my upcoming wedding on the phone.
'I would normally be in our restroom, but since the clock in the restroom was fast I had gone out early to wait while still chatting to my friend.
'While I was talking, I was just kind of walking about near the leisure centre, where my bus stops, when I looked randomly over in the direction of the river, which is when I saw the three lights in a triangle pattern rotating on its axis and wobbling slightly.'
A video discussing the object, which was spotted at around 9:40 pm on April 17 this year, was uploaded to YouTube by UFO Hunters Secure Team 10 earlier this week.
There, it is argued that the craft, known as a TR3B among UFOlogists, is likely of alien or governmental origin.
Many of the 'spacecraft' captured on amateur footage over they years appear to hover and move at great speed in any direction, according to conspiracy theorists.
They usually do so silently, leading the UFO community to conclude that they do not use conventional methods of propulsion.
The footage, which appears to show a spinning triangle of lights (pictured) above Exmouth, in east Devon, was captured by a bus driver who was on a break. One expert says a drone or Chinese lanterns could explain the sighting
One popular explanation is that the craft utilise a method of anti-gravity called electrogravitics, which uses an electrical field to reduce an objects mass.
This could theoretically free it from gravity's clutches and allow it to move in the unusual manner of a UFO.
Speaking in the video, Tyler Glockner from the channel, which has almost a million subscribers, said: 'They've been linked to secret government projects but we've also seen these things in space, so I guess the jury is still out on who owns them and who is operating them.
'I'd wager a guess to say that we both are. There are people outside the planet that have craft like these and the US government has these craft as well.
'This same object has been spotted multiple times. I think there's something strange going on above England.'
But not everyone is convinced that the footage shows anything sinister.
Alien expert and author of the UFO Investigations Manual Nigel Watson believes a more simple explanation is likely.
Speaking to MailOnline, he said: 'The objects are hard to distinguish due to lack of detail.
'Three lights can imply a triangular structure behind them, but in this case the lights seem to be moving about as if they are linked together or flying in close proximity to each other.
'They are silent so they couldn't be caused by an helicopter or conventional aircraft.
'There is a possibility that they are attached to a drone or three drones, or that they are Chinese lanterns that often look as if they are in formation and move swiftly and silently in the night sky.
'I think those possibilities or more likely than them being the lights of an alien spacecraft or a secret aircraft being tested over England.'
DO YOU BELIEVE IN CONSPIRACY THEORIES?
People who doubt the moon landings are more likely to be selfish and attention-seeking, according to a study earlier this year.
Over the course of three online-based studies, researchers at the University of Kent showed strong links between the belief in conspiracy theories and negative psychological traits.
Writing in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, the team explained: 'Previous research linked the endorsement of conspiracy theories to low self-esteem.'
In the first study, a total of 202 participants completed questionnaires on conspiracy beliefs, asking how strongly they agreed with specific statements, such as whether governments carried out acts of terrorism on their own soil.
Alongside this, they were asked to complete a narcissist scale and a self-esteem assessment.
The results showed that those people who rated highly on the narcissism scale and who had low self-esteem were more likely to be conspiracy believers.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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