The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
Each year, Mars City Design hosts a competition in which teams from around the world submit their concepts for future Martian cities. This year, a team from MIT took home first prize in the architecture category with their Martian city inspired by trees.
MARTIAN FORESTS
Every year, Mars City Design hosts a competition in which innovative teams of scientists, engineers, and students design unique concept-cities for the day when humans attempt to live on Mars. This year, a team of nine MIT students led by MIT postdoc Valentina Sumini and Assistant Professor Caitlin Mueller took first place in the architecture portion of the contest with their unique tree-inspired Mars city concept, titled Redwood Forest.
Redwood Forest is a soothing space that can provide up to 10,000 weary human travelers with equal amounts of comfort and safety from the elements. While at first glance the domes themselves don’t appear capable of housing such large numbers of people or providing them with adequate facilities, just like a tree, these domes aren’t limited to what you see above ground.
Image Credit: Mars City Design
Below the surface of the Red Planet, each dome in MIT’s Mars city concept branches out into “roots.” These intricate tunnel systems connect the domes and provide additional protection from surface threats. This design was chosen for both functional and symbolic reasons.
“On Mars, our city will physically and functionally mimic a forest, using local Martian resources such as ice and water, regolith or soil, and Sun to support life,” Sumini told MIT News. “Designing a forest also symbolizes the potential for outward growth as nature spreads across the Martian landscape. Each tree habitat incorporates a branching structural system and an inflated membrane enclosure, anchored by tunneling roots.”
Image Credit: Mars City Design
Doctoral student George Lordos, who was responsible for Redwood Forest’s system architecture, shared details on how Redwood Forest will take advantage of those Martian resources:
Every tree habitat in Redwood Forest will collect energy from the Sun and use it to process and transport the water throughout the tree, and every tree is designed as a water-rich environment. Water fills the soft cells inside the dome providing protection from radiation, helps manage heat loads, and supplies hydroponic farms for growing fish and greens.
Solar panels produce energy to split the stored water for the production of rocket fuel, oxygen, and for charging hydrogen fuel cells, which are necessary to power long-range vehicles as well as provide backup energy storage in case of dust storms.
THE PATH FORWARD
The surface of the Red Planet is intrinsically harsh. From a virtually nonexistent atmosphere to radiation to dust storms capable of covering the entire planet, Mars is a barren landscape that can get as cold as -125 degrees Celsius (-195 degrees Fahrenheit) near the poles in winter.
Obviously, any Mars city concept would need to be capable of protecting Earthling travelers from these physical hardships. However, after a mind-numbingly long and arduous journey through space, survivable conditions might not be all that a group of human beings needs to live a happy, healthy life on Mars.
Thinking of all these potential variables will be essential if humanity ever hopes to live beyond Earth. We’ll need innovative thinkers at all stages of the process, from designing the rockets that transport us to building the cities we inhabit once we arrive. The Redwood Forest concept illustrates the power and potential of both sound scientific planning and the ability to see far beyond what has been done, or even imagined, before.
NEW HIDDEN CHAMBER WITH UNKNOWN PURPOSE FOUND INSIDE GREAT PYRAMID AT GIZA
NEW HIDDEN CHAMBER WITH UNKNOWN PURPOSE FOUND INSIDE GREAT PYRAMID AT GIZA
An international team of scientists claims to have discovered a previously unknown space within the Great Pyramid of Giza. In a study published in Nature detailing their use of advanced scanning processes, the Heritage Innovation Preservation Institute disclosed the apparent existence of a large unknown structure located above the famed Grand Gallery.
Mehdi Tayoubi, the institute's president, told Daily Mail reporters “it could be composed of one or several structures. Maybe it could another Grand Gallery. It could be a chamber; it could a lot of things.”
There are so many theories — nice ones but also crazy ones,
He went on to tell the BBC "what we are sure about is that this big void is there; that it is impressive; and that it was not expected as far as I know by any theory."
THERE ARE SO MANY THEORIES — NICE ONES BUT ALSO CRAZY ONES
The team, composed of French and Japanese scientists, employed the use of cosmic-ray imaging. The process uses plates designed to record the activity of muons, a kind of naturally occurring sub atomic particle. Such muons are constantly entering the earth's atmosphere, but their path can be interrupted by solid objects, such as the pyramid's rock walls.
Using these plates and triangulating the data, the team was able to approximate the size of the “void” without disturbing the surrounding walls. This technology has been employed successfully in multiple geological studies as well as, more recently, the investigation into the reactor failure at Fukushima.
says Mehdi Tayoubi, president of the Heritage Innovation Preservation institute in Paris
The pyramid is also known as Khufu's Pyramid for its builder, a 4th dynasty pharaoh who reigned from 2509 to 2483 B.C.
Researchers placed muons detectors inside and outside the pyramid
The pyramids of Giza have drawn both scientific and artistic study for ages. However, no major discoveries have been found in the pyramid since the 1800’s. The 19th-century techniques of excavation were primitive and often damaged to the artifacts being studied. “We can no longer go blasting our way through the pyramid with gunpowder, ” the American archaeologist Mark Lehner said while calling for “more of a focus” on the discovered “anomaly.” More recent explorations using robots, such as the Upuaut Project campaigns in 1992 and 1993, were significantly less damaging but produced only minor successes.
However, not all of the archeological community is thrilled with the published results, and some have expressed doubts regarding the validity of the find. Archaeologist and former antiquities minister Zahi Hawass was quoted by the Daily Mail as saying “The Great Pyramid is full of voids. We have to be careful how results are presented to the public.”
Coincidentally, both the exact details of the Great Pyramids construction and the ultimate source of the universe’s muons are unknown. In both sciences, arguments clash and contradict each other, and new theories are frequently created and disposed of. In this unique case, scientists can use the known qualities of one mystery to explore the unknown facts of another.
KEPLER JUST FOUND EARTH'S TWIN WITH AN ORBIT OF 395 DAYS AND VERY CLOSE IN SIZE
KEPLER JUST FOUND EARTH'S TWIN WITH AN ORBIT OF 395 DAYS AND VERY CLOSE IN SIZE
Newly discovered planet capable of hosting life.
Science Magazine, New Scientist, has revealed that 20 extraterrestrial worlds that might be able to host life have been discovered.
According to an analysis by the magazine, these worlds come with a varying orbit time, noting that one of them might even be very similar to earth as it takes 395 Earth days to circle its star and 18 days to complete a single orbit.
IT ALSO HOLDS LIQUID WATER WHICH IS ESSENTIAL TO LIFE
NASA launched mission Kepler to find other habitable planets in 2009.
Jeff Coughlin, the Kepler team Leader, said that the exoplanet with a 395-day orbit time was definitely the most promising to host life.
He was quoted as saying: "If you had to choose one to send a spacecraft to, it's not a bad option."
The exoplanet is about 97% the size of Earth as well. However, it is colder, and its chilly temperature is said to be as a result of the distance from its star.
Dubbed KOI-7923.01, the exoplanet boasts of a slightly cooler star and has a warm enough temperature to host life conveniently.
It also holds liquid water which is essential to life, the report said.
NASA announced that 219 new planets were discovered to be able to host life in June.
It said 10 of them shared many similarities with Earth, having almost the same orbit and size as the Earth.
Kepler, NASA's first mission to find potentially habitable zones launched in 2009 and has so far found 4,000 new potentially habitable new planets.
BRIGHT 'FLYING SAUCER' CAPTURED OVER THE GREAT BARRIER REEF
BRIGHT 'FLYING SAUCER' CAPTURED OVER THE GREAT BARRIER REEF
It seems it’s not just humans who love the Great Barrier Reef. A woman in Australia thinks she has photographic evidence of aliens visiting the reef.
After a long day fishing with friends, Jenny Morrison couldn’t help but take a few quick photos of the beautiful sunset over the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Jenny took her photos around the area of Elford Reef, a reef around 50km east of Cairns.
Later that evening in the comfort of her own home Jenny looked through the images she’d taken of her day out on the 2,300km-long reef. To her astonishment, she noticed what appeared to be an odd shape hanging in the sky.
The odd shape in the sky seemed to resemble a flying saucer, a disc-like shape with a haze around it. With the availability of photo editing equipment, any image can easily be manipulated, but Miss Morrison was quick to stress she had not interfered with the image in any way and she cannot explain what is on the photograph.
No doubt most people will be skeptical and say this image was not a UFO and was simply some kind of glitch or effect created by the light reflecting off the seawater or some dirt on the camera lens.
All the above is possible, but maybe it’s not just earthlings who find the barrier reef a majestic beauty, surely anyone looking down on earth from above would surely be interested in the largest living thing on the planet.
Maybe an alien expedition? Or a package holiday to visit Earth's most beautiful natural landmarks.
This part of North Queensland is a Hotspot for UFO activity. For decades UFO sightings have been reported.
They have an annual UFO event called The Cardwell UFO Festival, held every October to celebrate the area’s links with extraterrestrial activity by encouraging members of the public to share their experiences.
Tweede wetenschapper spreekt zich uit over mummies uit Nazca. Dit is wat hij erover te zeggen heeft
Tweede wetenschapper spreekt zich uit over mummies uit Nazca. Dit is wat hij erover te zeggen heeft
Arts Jose Benitez maakt onderdeel uit van het team dat onderzoek doet naar de bizarre mummies die recentelijk in een grot in Nazca in Peru zijn ontdekt.
Diverse Peruaanse wetenschappers hebben gezegd dat het gaat om een hoax, maar dr. Benitez is nu de tweede wetenschapper die zijn reputatie op het spel durft te zetten door te zeggen dat het gaat om authentieke gemummificeerde resten.
Afgelopen maand gaf dr. Edson Vivanco aan dat de resten volgens hem echt zijn.
Meerdere afwijkingen
Vivanco en Benitez zijn onderdeel van een team dat geleid wordt door de Mexicaanse onderzoeksjournalist Jaime Maussan, die heeft gezegd dat het mogelijk aliens zijn.
Dr. Benitez werd onlangs geïnterviewd voor een documentaire die is gemaakt door de Britse ufoloog Steve Mera. Hij reisde af naar Peru om de zaak te onderzoeken.
“Ik stuitte op een aantal eigenaardigheden die dit lichaam totaal anders maken,” zei Benitez. “In eerste instantie leek het op een normaal lichaam, maar bij nadere inspectie zagen we meerdere afwijkingen.”
Opvallende verschillen
“Het hoofd is groter, de ogen zijn groter, de neus is kleiner en oren ontbreken,” voegde hij toe. “Het heeft minder wervels dan een normaal mens.”
Benitez zei verder dat ook de botstructuur en het aantal vingerkootjes anders zijn. “Er zijn slechts drie vingers en drie tenen. Dit zijn de meest opvallende verschillen die we konden vinden,” zei hij.
Het witte materiaal waarmee de mummies bedekt zijn is volgens hem een speciaal soort materiaal dat diatomeeënaarde wordt genoemd.
Bijzondere eigenschappen
Het materiaal heeft volgens hem zeer bijzondere eigenschappen.
Dergelijke aarde kan goed worden gebruikt om weefsel te bewaren en houdt bovendien insecten op afstand, aldus dr. Benitez.
Hij zei dat vastgesteld moet worden wat het is en waar het vandaan komt.
SECOND SCIENTIST GIVES VERDICT OF NAZCA TOMB 'ALIENS'
SECOND SCIENTIST GIVES VERDICT OF NAZCA TOMB 'ALIENS'
The alleged remains of mummified bodies that were found in Nazca Peru were said to have been alien. However, after analysis, it was said that they were human. Now a second scientist has analyzed them, and it appears that they are not ordinary human beings.
BODIES HAD SEVERAL ABNORMALITIES SUGGESTED THEY ARE NOT HUMAN
It was said that at first sight, they did look like normal bodies but when looking closer it was found that there were several abnormalities. The heads are bigger; they have eyes that are wider, no ears and a nose that is smaller, along with fewer vertebras that what is found in humans.
The remains have sparked a huge debate among those who believe they may be aliens. At first, it was said that the mummified remains found in Peru were alien, but then the scientific community said that the whole thing had been nothing more than a hoax and the mummies had been fabricated and they had not actually been discovered in a cave in Peru. These comments had been made without scientists ever looking at the mummies, and they had not been analyzed properly.
SCIENTISTS CLAIM BODIES ARE NOT ORDINARY HUMAN BEINGS
The scientists stood up to their claims even though a journalist and UFO researcher from Mexico, Mr. Jaime Maussan, along with his team, gave evidence that suggested that the remains that had been found in Peru were not those of ordinary humans. Months after they were found they have now been analyzed by independent laboratories from around the world and another scientist has been able to study them and he says that they are not a hoax.
Dr. Jose Benitez is a doctor of forensic medicine, and he has made claims that are shocking about the mummified remains. He is now the second scientists to have put his work and reputation on the line as he said that the remains might be alien or a new species that has never been seen on Earth. Dr. Edson Vivancoa, a skeletal specialist, made the same claims when he studied the remains.
I found a lot of characteristics that make this body entirely different.
At first sight, it looked like a normal body but looking closely at every body part we found could find several abnormalities. “For example, the head is bigger, it has wider eyes, a smaller nose, and it has no ears. It has fewer vertebrae that a common human.
The bone structure is different; it’s wider. There are only three fingers and three toes. These are the most notable distinctions we could find. There are a few more such as the number of finger joints and the nail beds.
The white dust that covers the mummified remains is a special material known as diatom soil. This soil has a unique origin with extraordinary characteristics. It dries, dehydrates and preserves tissue and also has the unusual characteristic of being an insect repellent, deterring insects.
For example, the head is more prominent. It has wider eyes, a smaller nose, has no ears. It has fewer vertebrae that an ordinary human.
Helping the dehydration process and encouraging the natural mummification process.
DNA tests had suggested a different story as one result said that the remains were 100% human, but another set of tests of DNA revealed that the results were inconclusive. Therefore there has been a lot of confusion surrounding the mummified remains as to whether or not they are human or alien.
Drs Vivancoa and Benitez are a part of a group that was led by Mr. Maussan, and Benitez had analyzed other discoveries with Maussan. In 2015 they looked at images of what people said was not the body of a human but later on, it turned out that it was, in fact, a mummified child. Steve Meera, a Ufologist from Britain recently interviewed Dr. Benitez, and he said that he had found many characteristics that set the body apart from that of a human being.
MUMMIFIED BODIES HAD BEEN COVERED IN DUST THAT IS UNIQUE
He went on to say that there had been many abnormalities, one of which was the fact that the bone structure was wider and another was the fact that the bodies had only three fingers and toes. He also said that there were more differences between the number of joints in the fingers and nail beds.
He said that the mummified remains had been covered in white dust, which was a material by the name of diatom soil. He said that the soil was unique in origin and it has characteristics that were unusual.
The findings and conclusions of Dr. Benitez have now been presented in a documentary that has been presented by Steve Meera that suggests that the remains found in Peru are not human. He said that it was essential that people faced up to the possibility that an organic being had been found that is similar to a human being but at the same time very different. He concluded by saying that now steps should go forward to try to find out what the bodies are and where they actually came from.
HOAX: A fake CGI UFO over the great wall in a Section 51 YouTube video.
The Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) today received a report from an eyewitness who shaped the "flying saucer" near the great wall at Simatai in the north of Miyun County, 72 miles northeast of Beijing.
US-based MUFON is the world's largest independent organisation dedicated to UFO, alien and other paranormal research.
It also maintains a database of sightings from across the globe, which it investigates.
The unnamed photographer said in a report to MUFON: "I Went for great wall hiking.
MUFON
The UFO (ringed) that was snapped over the great wall today and sent to MUFON.
However, the object in the image may not be as exciting as it seems, and certainly not of extra terrestrial origin, according to Scott Brando, a forensic UFO investigator who has debunked hundreds of suspected UFO videos and pictures through his website ufoofinterest.org.
He told Express.co.uk it was likely a "blurfo".
This is a term coined by UFO investigators for a blurred bird or insect that is caught on camera and resembles a disk or flying saucer shape.
He said: "It is a blurfo. In this case it's most likely an insect."
BEIJING, Oct. 30 (Xinhua) -- There's a giant "ruler" hidden among millions of galaxies in the universe. With it, scientists can measure how fast the universe is expanding. This will help them explore dark energy, the mysterious power behind cosmic expansion, and so speculate on the universe's destiny.
With this ruler, Chinese astronomers recently succeeded in reconstructing the evolution history of dark energy based on the observation of over a million galaxies. The research shows that dark energy is dynamic.
"What it means is that dark energy, which causes cosmic expansion, might not be a vacuum energy with a constant density, like many scientists previously believed, but rather an energy field with certain dynamic properties," said Zhao Gongbo, a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
The research result made by a team led by Zhao was recently published on the academic journal, Nature Astronomy.
Dark energy determines the universe's destiny, he said.
"If dark energy is indeed a vacuum energy, the universe will keep on expanding until it ends with a 'big rip'. But if dark energy is dynamic, the universe might go through expansion, contraction and then expansion again -- a cyclical universe."
FINDING THE RULER
How do scientists measure such a vast universe? According to Zhao, nature provides a magic ruler -- baryon acoustic oscillations.
The early universe consisted of a hot, dense plasma of electrons, baryons (protons and neutrons) and photons, like a pot of porridge. The primordial disturbances from cosmic creation transmitted through the "porridge," causing periodic changes to its density, temperature and pressure on the chronological sequence. This transmission mechanism is similar to sound waves transmission, so it is called baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) by scientists.
About 380,000 years after the Big Bang, the cooled-down universe became transparent. The transmission of BAOs stopped, and the information of those oscillations is frozen in space-time. But the great power of it influenced the distribution of galaxies in the universe.
In 2005, the BAO signal was discovered for the first time. Thus cosmologists finally got the "standard ruler" they dreamed of, in order to measure the universe -- whether it's flat or curved, and how fast it's expanding.
But that's just the start. Scientists also have to make accurate measurements.
Since 2012, Zhao's team has been making observations with the Sloan telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in the U.S. state of New Mexico. Based on the observation of galaxies and quasars, they obtained high-precision BAO signals.
"The observation of BAOs is becoming more precise. Previous observations focused on a short period of the universe, but we adopted a new method. Like doing a CT scan for a more remote universe, we get to know more about the history of cosmic evolution," said Zhao.
Based on the measurement with the ruler, astronomers will be able to draft a three-dimensional map of the universe.
EXPLORING DARK ENERGY
In 1929, U.S. astronomer Edwin Powell Hubble discovered most galaxies are moving away from the Earth, indicating the universe is expanding. The discovery shocked the world, overthrowing the long-held perception of a static universe.
But many scientists still believed that cosmic expansion would slow down. However, to their surprise, two research teams, in the United States and Australia, reported respectively in 1998 that they had discovered cosmic expansion is speeding up.
Scientists assumed an unknown power they called dark energy was accelerating cosmic expansion. Even now, scientists still know little about it, although they have put forward many theoretical models.
For instance, a model of dark energy advanced by Zhang Xinmin, a researcher at Institute of High Energy Physics under the CAS, conforms to the observation results of Zhao's team using the Sloan telescope.
In order to test so many theories, large-scale computer simulations are needed. "With the help of China's Tianhe supercomputer as well as foreign supercomputers, we simulated approximately 2,000 universes for analytic purposes," said Zhao.
On the computer screen, billions of years flew by, galaxies took shape and the universe evolved.
"I want to understand why cosmic expansion is accelerating," said Zhao. "There is so much new physics in that. Normal matter only accounts for about 5 percent of the universe, while the other 95 percent of dark matter and dark energy is still unknown to us. If one day we know what dark energy is, the whole discipline of physics will be revolutionized."
In the next five to 10 years, many projects will study dark energy on Earth and in space, both in China and abroad, he said. For example, China's future space station will contain a space telescope two meters in diameter. Its major scientific goal is to study dark energy.
We leven in een cyclisch heelal. Chinese wetenschappers doen opzienbarende ontdekking
We leven in een cyclisch heelal. Chinese wetenschappers doen opzienbarende ontdekking
Ergens tussen de miljoenen sterrenstelsels in het heelal zit een gigantische ‘magische liniaal’ verborgen. Daarmee kunnen wetenschappers meten hoe snel het universum uitdijt.
Op deze manier kunnen ze donkere energie bestuderen, de mysterieuze kracht achter de kosmische expansie.
Met behulp van de liniaal zijn Chinese astronomen er recentelijk in geslaagd om de evolutie van donkere energie in kaart te brengen. Hun onderzoek laat zien dat donkere energie dynamisch is.
Cyclisch universum
“Het is mogelijk geen vacuümenergie met een constante dichtheid, zoals veel wetenschappers denken, maar een energieveld met dynamische eigenschappen,” zei Zhao Gongbo van de Chinese Academie van Wetenschappen.
Als donkere energie daadwerkelijk een vacuümenergie is, blijft het universum uitdijen tot het uiteen wordt gereten.
Maar als donkere energie dynamisch is, dijt het universum uit om vervolgens weer samen te trekken en weer opnieuw uit te dijen; een cyclisch universum, aldus Zhao.
Einde
Met behulp van de liniaal kunnen astronomen nu een driedimensionale kaart van het universum maken.
In 1929 ontdekte astronoom Edwin Powell Hubble tot ieders verbazing dat de meeste sterrenstelsels bij ons vandaan bewegen, wat erop wijst dat het universum uitdijt.
Veel wetenschappers dachten dat er op den duur een einde zou komen aan die kosmische expansie.
Vrijwel niets bekend
Onderzoeksteams uit de VS en Australië kwamen echter tot de ontdekking dat het heelal steeds sneller uitdijt.
Wetenschappers namen aan dat een onbekende kracht die ze donkere energie noemden verantwoordelijk was voor de versnelde expansie. Vandaag de dag weten ze hier nog steeds weinig over.
Het heelal bestaat voor vijf procent uit normale materie en over de resterende 95 procent – donkere materie en donkere energie – is vrijwel niets bekend, zei Zhao.
De onderzoeksresultaten zijn onlangs gepubliceerd in vakblad Nature Astronomy.
Ancient UNDERWATER structure, said to be 14,000 years old—Could this be evidence of ALIEN bases & UFOs?
Ancient UNDERWATER structure, said to be 14,000 years old— Could this be evidence of ALIEN bases & UFOs?
Three decades ago, a Japanese diver discovered a massive stone complex near Yonaguni, at the southwestern-most tip of the Japanese archipelago. Scientists have determined that this structure is man-made and that it must have been built more than 14,000 years ago—a conclusion that led some to seek out more “paranormal” explanations.
The massive structure, first discovered by tour diver Kihachiro Aratake, consists of megalithic stone formations, the largest of which resembles a tiered pyramid the size of two football fields.
The underwater ruins, which lie at depths ranging between 60 and 100 feet below the surface, is considered one of the greatest underwater archeological discoveries in history.
Based on geometric patterns present at the site, scientists have concluded that the formation is not natural. While the structure contains “tons of right angles,” there are also clearly rectangular channels, which lead to stairwells.
According to Graham Hancock, author of the book “Underworld: The Mysterious Origins of Civilization,” the structure, which he believes to be a “ceremonial complex,” was built using a scale of thinking that far surpasses all stone-age civilizations known to us. According to him, the structure was probably built before the thaw of the last ice age, which would have caused massive flooding, a conclusion that would date the structure to over 14,000 years ago.
Given that mankind was unable to conceive of such structures so early, (thus implying that they could not have been built by mankind), some scientists have further formed theories in the direction of extraterrestrial intelligence.
Looking into the history of the area where the ruins were found, there are untold numbers of accounts of strange phenomena that have occurred.
According to ancient Japanese history, the area of sea south of Japan has long been the subject of legends, telling of fire-breathing underwater dragons flying out of the water and capsizing vessels, while causing sailors to meet a watery grave. That area of ocean was termed the “Dragon’s Triangle,” also known as the “Devil’s Sea.”
In modern times, this area is considered a hotbed of UFO activity, with descriptions of glowing objects rising out of the water and circling ships from above.
Strangely enough, this vast stretch of water has a counterpart on the exact opposite side of the earth, on exactly the same line of latitude, the 25th parallel north—and that is of course the Bermuda Triangle, also considered to be a hotbed of UFO and paranormal phenomena.
Both areas of water similarly are considered treacherous, where magnetic phenomena causing compasses and instruments to fail are common, and literally thousands of vessels and aircraft have entered the region only to vanish, often without a distress call being made, and without a trace.
The similarities don’t end there; just as ancient ruins were discovered on the outskirts of the Dragon’s Triangle, so too have there been ruins found beneath the oceans off the coast of Cuba, just on the outskirts of the Bermuda Triangle, including terraced, pyramid structures. Could there be some connection between the ruins of the east Atlantic and those of Yonaguni in the Pacific?
Some paranormal experts have considered the possibility that the areas of the Triangles could indicate the existence of alien bases, which might have existed on earth for thousands of years.
Given the facts that these structures must have been built before they were submerged some 14,000 years ago and that stone-age man could not have conceived such structures as early as that time, who could have created these structures? Is it merely coincidence that ruins are located beside the mysterious seas of the Bermuda and Dragon’s Triangle?
Could all of these mysteries be explained by the existence of aliens and alien bases beneath the sea, or could there be some less extraordinary, more conventional explanation? Please share your thoughts!
Ex-Air Force reveals HUGE ‘alien’ structures on Moon—NASA warned off, ‘don’t come back!’
Ex-Air Force reveals HUGE ‘alien’ structures on Moon—NASA warned off, ‘don’t come back!’
While NASA prepares for man’s first ever mission to Mars, it’s curious we have not set foot on the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972, let alone established a base there yet. Astronauts and many researchers have claimed this is because there are in fact bases on the lunar surface already … and indeed they are not human bases.
Former chief of NASA Communications Systems, Maurice Chatelain confirmed in 1979 that Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin had seen two UFOs on the rim of a crater during the Apollo 11 Moon Mission in the Summer of 1969. “The encounter was common knowledge in NASA,” Chatelain said, “but nobody has talked about it until now.”
According to Armstrong, they had been “warned off” from the Moon by extraterrestrials.
Former NASA employee Otto Binder said that an unnamed radio-receiving facility bypassed NASA’s broadcasting outlets and captured the following exchange:
NASA: What’s there? Mission Control calling Apollo 11…
Apollo: These “Babies” are huge, Sir! Enormous! OH MY GOD! You wouldn’t believe it! I’m telling you there are other spacecraft out there, lined up on the far side of the crater edge! They’re on the Moon watching us!
During Apollo 17, NASA’s final Moon mission in 1972, only CBS was covering the live footage as the lunar rover traversed the lunar surface. NASA operators on Earth began to pan the TV camera, mounted on the rover, in order to get a panorama of the terrain. There was a 4-second delay between the TV camera’s movements and the controls operated from Earth, due to the distance between the Moon and Earth.
As the camera panned the landscape, suddenly, it captured what looked like a massive rectangular building in the distance.
CBS host Walter Cronkite was stunned, exclaiming: “That looks like a man-made object!” Almost immediately, the live feed was cut along with Cronkite and was replaced with older footage labeled: “recorded earlier today.”
Twenty minutes later, Walter returned on air and, bemusedly, he told viewers that the so-called “man-made object” in fact had been just part of the lunar rover. However, the footage was never aired again, nor was the incident ever mentioned again on TV, nor in any document known to the public … ever.
It would seem one of NASA’s responsibilities is to control what information the public gets to see and what it doesn’t. Former NASA employee Dona Hare explained that she and her colleagues were responsible for airbrushing out evidence of alien activity in our skies and on the lunar surface.
Dona asked her colleague one day, “What are you going to do with this information? ‘We have to airbrush these out’ … The people that told me there was a coverup … they’d tell me, ‘Don’t ever say I said it, or I’ll say, I didn’t.’”
Yet, it would seem that images of so-called “alien activity” on the Moon have leaked out anyway. On Oct. 1, 2010, China launched its Chang’e-2 Moon orbiter. Widely disputed claims were made that the orbiter’s cameras captured what appears to be an installation on the lunar surface.
Eventually, it was determined that the photos were not taken by Chang’e-2 but were from NASA’s own archives, though this could not be confirmed, as there was no frame number on the photo.
Could the Chinese government have intentionally (possibly subversively) leaked out a NASA photo before they’d had a chance to doctor it?
Indeed, much of this evidence is corroborated by claims from numerous high-level officials such as one ex-U.S. Air Force employee named Karl Wolf, who, at one time, had “cryptologic top secret” security clearance. He confided that he was told by an NSA employee: “We’ve discovered a base on the back side of the moon.” Wolf then added: “And then he pulled out one of these [maps] and showed this base, which had geometric shapes.
“There were towers; there were spherical buildings … they’re massive. Some of the structures are half a mile in size. They’re huge structures.”
More images of what appear to be gigantic structures were obtained during the Apollo 16 mission. A towering cylindrical structure, similar to a nuclear cooling tower, was discovered beside what could be a turret of some kind. A 3D digital reconstruction of the photo illustrates what this image might look like from near the lunar surface.
What makes all this evidence so compelling is how many well-known astronauts make corroborating statements. The sixth man to walk on the Moon, Apollo 14 astronaut Dr. Edgar Michell shared that, “After traveling in space, I am fully confident that the aliens are watching us. I do not know how many, where and how they do it, but watching us; we see these ships are all times.”
Apollo 11 lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin supported this preposition with his own experience: “I saw this illumination that was moving with respect to the stars. We were smart enough to not say, ‘Houston, there’s a light out there’s a light out there that’s following us.’ So, technically, it becomes an unidentified flying object.”
Is it possible that NASA has been covering up knowledge of alien bases on the Moon for the last 50 years? Could that be the real reason why we have not set foot on or colonized the lunar surface since our last Moon mission? Please let us know in the comments!
Check out this amazing revelation in the video below:
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Is dit de echte reden dat we niet zijn teruggegaan naar de maan?
Is dit de echte reden dat we niet zijn teruggegaan naar de maan?
De NASA bereidt zich voor op de eerste bemande missie naar Mars. Maar waarom zijn we na 1972 niet meer teruggegaan naar de maan?
Astronauten en vele onderzoekers claimen dat dit is omdat er al bases op het maanoppervlak staan. En dat die bases niet door mensen zijn gebouwd.
Het voormalige hoofd van NASA Communications Systems, Maurice Chatelain, bevestigde in 1979 dat Neil Armstrong en Buzz Aldrin aan de rand van een krater twee UFO’s hadden gezien na hun maanlanding.
Gewaarschuwd
“Iedereen binnen de NASA wist ervan,” zei Chatelain. “Maar niemand sprak erover.”
Volgens Armstrong hadden de buitenaardsen ‘gewaarschuwd’ dat ze niet moesten terugkomen.
Tijdens Apollo 17, de laatste bemande maanmissie van de NASA in 1972, deed CBS live verslag van de landing.
Toen de NASA uitzoomde met de camera die op de rover was gemonteerd, verscheen plotseling een enorm rechthoekig object in beeld.
Verbaasd
Presentator Walter Cronkite was verbaasd en zei: “Dat lijkt op een door mensen gemaakt object.”
Vrijwel gelijk ging het beeld op zwart, waarna oudere beelden werden getoond. Twintig minuten later kwam Walter weer in beeld. Hij vertelde de kijkers dat het object ‘onderdeel was van de maanrover’.
De beelden zijn nooit opnieuw uitgezonden en er is op tv ook nooit meer over het incident gesproken.
Meer hierover in onderstaande video:
Enorm
Donna Hare heeft voor de NASA gewerkt en verklaarde dat haar team beelden moest ontdoen van UFO’s en andere onverklaarbare objecten.
Karl Wolfe, die voor de Amerikaanse luchtmacht werkte, kreeg naar eigen zeggen beelden van een NASA-medewerker over ‘een basis op de achterkant van de maan’.
“Er waren torens en cirkelvormige gebouwen te zien, ze waren enorm,” zei hij. “Sommige bouwwerken waren wel een kilometer groot. Het waren enorme bouwwerken.”
Verborgen
Ook astronauten die op de maan zijn geweest hebben zich hierover uitgesproken.
Dr. Edgar Mitchell zei bijvoorbeeld: “Ik ben er volledig van overtuigd dat aliens ons in de gaten houden. Ik weet niet hoeveel er zijn, waar ze vandaan komen en hoe ze het doen, maar ze houden ons in de gaten; we zien hun schepen constant.”
Is het mogelijk dat de NASA het bestaan van buitenaardse bases op de maan al 50 jaar verborgen houdt? Kan dat de echte reden zijn waarom we sindsdien niet meer terug zijn geweest?
“Imagine a social networking site, where instead of having a page with posts of people here you have an actual cave wall or roof full of different pictographs.”
If you’re looking for proof that the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans were ahead of their time, a new study that is the result of three years of intense spelunking in the caves of the uninhabited Puerto Rican island of Mona Island is a good place to start. Researchers found 70 cave systems on the currently uninhabited island filled with indigenous pre-Columbian rock art and the reason behind the strangeness of some of the drawings is a surprise.
All images used with permission from University of Leicester
In a press release announcing their study published in the Journal of Archaeological Science, researchers from the University of Leicester, the British Museum, the British Geological Survey and Cambridge University call the thousands of well-preserved wall drawings deep in the caves the “greatest diversity of preserved indigenous iconography in the Caribbean.”
“Most of the precolonial pictographs are in very narrow spaces deep in the caves, some are very hard to access, you have to crawl to get to them, they are very extensive and humidity is very high but it is extremely rewarding.”
Fortunately for the pictorials, but not for the indigenous people, the island has been uninhabited since the 16th century. First settled by Arawaks from Hispaniola and later by the Tainos from Cuba and other Caribbean islands, Ámona had the bad luck of being ‘discovered’ by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage. It quickly became a major port and the natives were offered ‘jobs’ as ‘laborers’ in the fields while merchants and pirates (including Captain Kidd) pillaged the island. By the late 16th century, the Spanish had no more use for Mona and abandoned it to the natives – who had already abandoned it to the ruthless Europeans. As a result, there was no one to see or destroy the hidden cave artwork.
Being in caves, it’s not surprising that the artists used bat guano that had changed colors by absorbing minerals from the floors. Most of the pictures were drawn with their fingers after dipping them in the guano ‘paint’ or simply by using their fingertips to remove the dark calcite on the walls and expose the lighter rock underneath. The figures in the drawings appear to be humans in transition to animals or plants which the researchers say indicates that these wee deeply spiritual pictures in a deep, dark spiritual place. In fact, that explains the strange shapes in the pictures.
“They took cohoba a hallucinogenic drug that you snort and it’s very powerful.”
According to co-author Dr. Jago Cooper, the Tainos people inhaled the ground seeds of cojóbana tree for a psychedelically-induced spiritual experience. Under the direction of a shaman or religious leader, the people would be led deep into this temple-like place.
“The further you go into the cave the more into the spiritual world you go. In the dark a lot of your sense are totally transformed – it’s very eerie and strange. You are completely out of your comfort zone – it’s discombobulating and the same thing would have happened would have happened to the people making this art.”
The art shows that the caves acted as portals to the spiritual world – a kind of transition point where the human changed to another form. More research is planned. (Shouldn’t this be done under the influence of cohoba? Asking for a friend.)
Mona Island is still generally uninhabited and the areas where the drawings are found in the caves are difficult to reach, so they’re safe … for now.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETMet de hulp van kosmische stralen hebben wetenschappers een minstens 30 meter lange ruimte in de grootste van de drie piramides in Gizeh ontdekt. Het resultaat betekent een doorbraak om de interne structuur van de piramide van Cheops beter te begrijpen, schrijven de onderzoekers in een verslag in vakblad Nature.
“We weten niet wat de bedoeling van deze holle ruimte is”, zegt Mehdi Tayoubi van het internationaal wetenschappelijk team. “Daarom willen we ook niet van een kamer spreken”. Maar de omvang van de ontdekte ruimte is groot. “Zo groot als een Boeing”, klinkt het.
Drie teams van verschillende instituten en universiteiten uit Frankrijk en Japan onderzochten gedurende twee jaar de 4.500 jaar oude piramide in Gizeh. Daarbij gebruikten de wetenschappers een scan met muonen, een nevenproduct van kosmische straling. Net zoals röntgenstralen bij het menselijk lichaam kunnen die elementaire deeltjes honderden meter steen doordringenen, aldus de vorsers.
ap
Grootste
De piramide van Cheops is de oudste en de grootste van de drie piramide van Gizeh en is een van de zeven wereldwonderen uit de Oudheid. De piramide is 139 meter hoog en 230 meter lang. Het bouwsel werd tijdens de regeerperiode van Cheops (2509 tot 2483 v. Chr.) opgericht en heeft nog steeds niet al zijn geheimen blootgegeven.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETOp de verjaardag van het internationaal ruimtestation ISS werd de baan rond de Aarde zoals gepland met 700 meter verschoven naar 404,6 kilometer hoogte.
Voor het manoeuvre werden de motoren van de momenteel aan de ISS aangedokte ruimtecargo Progress MS-06 gedurende 206 seconden ontstoken. De geplande correctie van de baan moet het aandokken van een bemande capsule en de aankomst van een ruimteschip in december voorbereiden.
Exact 17 jaar geleden, op 2 november 2000, arriveerde de eerste bemanning voor een langdurige bezetting aan het ISS. De Russische kosmonauten Sergej Krikaljov en de Joeri Gidsenko en de Amerikaanse astronaut William Shepherd bereikten het ruimtestation toen na een driedaagse vlucht met een Sojoez-capsule. Ze keerden op 21 maart 2001 naar de Aarde terug. Tijdens hun verblijf van vierenenhalve maand verrichten de ISS-pioniers belangrijk technisch werk om de bedrijvigheden in het station te kunnen beginnen.
Photo News
Samenwerking
Vandaag is al de 53ste bemanning aan de slag in het vliegende lab. De meeste driekoppige teams blijven in de regel ruim zes maanden in de ruimte en verrichten fundamenteel onderzoek in gewichtloosheid. In tegenstelling tot de politieke crisis tussen Rusland en het Westen verloopt de samenwerking met de ruimtevaartinstanties in het heelal perfect. Naast de VS en Rusland werken ook de ruimtevaartoverheden van Canada en Japan en het Europees Ruimtevaartagentschap Esa aan het ISS mee.
University of WarwickDe NGTS-1b is "monsterlijk groot"
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETDe ontdekking van een planeet die “monsterlijk groot” is in vergelijking met zijn moederster, zorgt voor opwinding onder wetenschappers. Het bestaan van ‘NGTS-1b’ stelt immers alle gangbare theorieën over de vorming van planeten in ons heelal in vraag.
Tot nu toe werd namelijk aangenomen dat het onmogelijk zou zijn dat zo’n grote planeet rond een (rode) dwergster zou kunnen ontstaan. Maar het recent ontdekte exemplaar dat de naam ‘NGTS-1b’ kreeg, slaat reeds bestaande inzichten helemaal aan diggelen.
Het mysterieuze zonnestelsel dat elke verbeelding tart, bevindt zich op 600 lichtjaren van onze Aarde en de dwergster is qua massa en straal de helft kleiner dan onze zon. Men heeft altijd aangenomen dat rond een soortgelijke ster enkel kleine rotsachtige planeten kunnen ontstaan. Maar NGTS-1b is net heel groot en helemaal niet rotsachtig. Volgens de geldende theorieën had de monsterplaneet dus niet eens kunnen bestaan.
“De ontdekking van NGTS-1b was een complete verrassing voor ons”, verklaarde professor Daniel Bayliss van de universiteit van Warwick. “We gingen ervan uit dat dergelijke gigantische planeten niet zouden kunnen voorkomen rond kleine sterren. Dit gegeven stelt onze huidige kennis omtrent de vorming van planeten in ons heelal in vraag. Nu moeten we nagaan hoe frequent dit soort planeten voorkomt.”
De nieuwe planeet werd ontdekt met het ‘Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS)’-instrument dat in de Chileense Atacama-woestijn staat opgesteld om de ruimte te verkennen. Het gaat om een gasgigant die binnen de categorie van ‘hot Jupiter’ valt, wat concreet betekent dat de planeet minstens zo groot is als de Jupiter uit ons zonnestelsel. In het geval van NGTS-1b blijkt dat ze 30 procent groter is dan Jupiter maar wel 20 procent minder massa heeft. Ze draait om de 2,5 dagen om haar ster.
Toch was het voor de astronomen helemaal niet evident om de monsterplaneet te vinden omdat de moederster heel klein en zwak is. Maar het nieuwe NGTS-systeem geeft wetenschappers de mogelijkheid om in de toekomst mogelijk nog verrassende ontdekkingen te doen. “Wie weet wat we nog allemaal vinden”, besloot Bayliss.
British scientists have claimed alien lifeforms may have evolved in a similar way to the organisms here on Earth.
A new study from the University of Oxford suggested that the process of natural selection which created the myriad species we see here on Earth is likely to have taken place on other planets too.
However, this does not mean aliens will resemble beautiful human beings.
An illustration of an alien 'octomite' made up of several types of beastie working together
Natural selection is a process outlined by Charles Darwin which suggests that the species which are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive to pass on their genes.
Three different types of alien life, ranging from a very simplle on the left to a more complex one on the right
On Earth, this has led to the evolution of humans over billions of years.
But on another world, life is likely to look radically different depending on the conditions on the planet.
Sam Levin, a researcher at Oxford’s Department of Zoology, said: "We still can't say whether aliens will walk on two legs or have big green eyes. But we believe evolutionary theory offers a unique additional tool for trying to understand what aliens will be like, and we have shown some examples of the kinds of strong predictions we can make with it.
"There are potentially hundreds of thousands of habitable planets in our galaxy alone. We can't say whether or not we're alone on Earth, but we have taken a small step forward in answering, if we're not alone, what our neighbors are like."
On this planet, events known as "major transitions" have driven the evolution of different species.
These events take place when one group of organisms evolve into "higher level" types of lfe.
This happened when single cell organisms evolved to become organisms made of several cells - or when the first societies of primates formed, eventually leading to the rise of humanity.
"By predicting that aliens have undergone major transitions - which is how complexity has arisen in species on earth, we can say that there is a level of predictability to evolution that would cause them to look like us," Levin added.
He suggested aliens would have evolved similar "mechanisms" to humans, allowing them to "eliminate conflict, maintain cooperation and keep the organism functioning".
He added: "In our paper, we offer an alternative approach, which is to use evolutionary theory to make predictions that are independent of Earth's details. This is a useful approach, because theoretical predictions will apply to aliens that are silicon-based, do not have DNA, and breathe nitrogen, for example."
ELON MUSK SUPER INTELLIGENT ALIENS ARE “PROBABLY ALREADY OBSERVING Us
Aliens and Illuminati confirmed: a plane-sized hole has been found in the middle of the Great Pyramid, according to scientists.
What lies in the middle of the structure has been subject to debate for years as researchers were unable to get a look inside. But they now appear to have discovered that it contains a huge room with an unknown purpose... did someone say 'landing dock'?
Discovered as part of the 'ScanPyramids' project, it is the first of its kind to be made since the 19th century. The project sees researchers using particle physics to look deep inside the structure without disturbing what's inside.
Credit: PA Images
"We don't know whether this big void is horizontal or inclined; we don't know if this void is made by one structure or several successive structures," explained Mehdi Tayoubi from the HIP Institute, Paris.
"What we are sure about is that this big void is there; that it is impressive; and that it was not expected as far as I know by any sort of theory."
The Great Pyramid, or Khufu's Pyramid, was constructed during the reign of Pharaoh Khufu between 2509 and 2483 BC. It is the largest of the Egyptian pyramids located at Giza
Japanese and French scientists made the announcement after two years of study at the famous pyramid complex, after making the discovery using cosmic-ray imaging.
Credit: PA Images
"It could be a kind of space that the builders left to protect the very narrow roof of the grand gallery from the weight of the pyramid," American archaeologist Mark Lehner told the BBC's Science In Action programme.
"Right now it's just a big difference; it's an anomaly. But we need more of a focus on it, especially in a day and age when we can no longer go blasting our way through the pyramid with gunpowder as [British] Egyptologist Howard Vyse did in the early 1800s."
Hidden structure found inside the Great Pyramid of Giza in massive breakthrough.
Aliens would look a lot like life on Earth, researchers say.
Credit: Leo Blanchette/Shutterstock
What would life in a far-flung star system look like? Would humans even recognize it as life?
A new theory says yes, we would. In fact, life on other planets (or moons, or asteroids) might look surprisingly similar to life here on Earth, University of Oxford scientist wrote in the International Journal of Astrobiology on Oct. 31. That's because life on other planets would likely be subject to natural selection, just like life on Earth. And if life is subject to natural selection, it is likely to share similarities, even if it isn't carbon-based, for example, or codes its operating instructions in a way entirely different than DNA.
"Living things are adapted," study co-author Samuel Levin, a doctoral candidate in zoology at the University of Oxford, wrote in an email to Live Science. "They appear to be 'trying to do things' like eat, survive, grow, reproduce."
The only way to get adaptedness, Levin said, is through natural selection, the process through which hereditary variation among individuals leads to differences in success, and ultimately survival of the fittest.
Taking natural selection as a starting point, Levin and his colleagues asked what that reveals about how aliens might look. This is a theoretical approach to the question, Levin said. Many astrobiologists take what's called a "mechanistic" approach, looking at how life has evolved on Earth — say, around deep-sea vents — and try to apply that to the environments of distant planets. Mechanistic predictions have their strengths, Levin said, but because the sample size of planets with known life is just one, it's hard to know what is unique to Earth and what would hold true in space. For example, eyes or eye-like structures have evolved independently about 40 times on Earth, but it's not clear if aliens would also have eyes or whether sight is an Earth-centric sense.
These illustrations represent different levels of adaptive complexity that alien life may go through, ranging from a simple replicating molecule, with no apparent design (a), to a simple, cell-like entity that undergoes natural selection (b), to an alien with many intricate parts working together (c).
Credit: Helen S. Cooper
"Theoretical predictions, like the ones we make, are not tied to the details of Earth," Levin said. "They hold regardless of whether aliens are made of carbon or silicon, have DNA or 'XNA,' breathe oxygen or nitrogen, etc."
Theoretical predictions aren't able to determine anything so specific as whether aliens will look more like E.T. or the Predator, but natural selection does lead to certain kinds of organisms. Aliens that have undergone natural selection will be "nested," Levin said — they will have undergone transformations in complexity over time, and they'll retain some evidence of those transitions. On Earth, genes "cooperated" to make genomes, genomes made blueprints for cells, and primitive cells eventually joined together to make more complex eukaryotic cells. (Mitochondria, the energy-transforming organelles of eukaryotic cells, were once separate organisms that entered a mutually beneficial relationship with their host cells.) Cells join together to make multicellular organisms, and multicellular organisms often cooperate in colonies or societies.
Getting to know the neighbors
To illustrate the concept, Levin and his colleagues dreamed up a tuber-like alien they call the "Octomite," a complex creature made up of smaller entities that have aligned their interests so that they cooperate, much like the human body's cells work together to keep a person alive.
To illustrate the concept, the researchers came up with a tuber-like alien they dubbed "Octomite," a complex creature made up of smaller entities that cooperate, much like the human body's cells work together to keep a person alive.
Credit: Helen S. Cooper
"Are we alone?" is one of the fundamental questions of the universe, Levin said, so it's worth pondering the sort of life we might run across if we do find E.T. out there.
"On a more philosophical level, understanding what features will be universal to life, wherever it exists, seems deeply rewarding," Levin said. "Our work can't answer the question of whether we're alone, but it does tell us something about our neighbors if we're not alone."
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What Would Aliens Really Look Like? Here Are Some Hints From Evolution
Leo Blanchette/Shutterstock
What Would Aliens Really Look Like? Here Are Some Hints From Evolution
Um, would they even have faces?
MIKE MCRAE
We're all a little obsessed about aliens. Lonely little Earthlings that we are, science and philosophy are bent on knowing why we're here and whether we're alone.
Until we're the ones doing the probing on something from beyond Proxima Centauri, we have to make do with our imaginations. But with the help of experts in evolutionary biology, we can make some fascinating guesses at what could be out there.
Researchers from the University of Oxford have decided to use their skills in this field to outline an argument for applying natural selection to predicting the morphologies and functions of extra-terrestrial organisms.
"Past approaches in the field of astrobiology have been largely mechanistic, taking what we see on Earth, and what we know about chemistry, geology, and physics to make predictions about aliens," says researcher Sam Levin.
Instead of assuming life forms from other worlds are bound by similar chemical attributes, we should be more focused on naturally selective processes, claims Levin.
"This is a useful approach, because theoretical predictions will apply to aliens that are silicon based, do not have DNA, and breathe nitrogen, for example."
To sketch out the kinds of biology we'd expect to find out there on the kinds of oddball worlds we're discovering, the researchers argue we should gather evidence on any critical planetary moments that could act as an evolutionary trigger.
Evidence is mounting for massive global events on our own planet kickstarting new evolutionary pathways, such as releasing bursts of nutrients.
On Earth, these events have been defining moments on the path of life – the merging of cells to form significant symbiotic partnerships, or the diversification of cells in colonies to represent something more multicellular.
The researchers sketched out some back-of-the-envelope concepts of how complexity might proceed in another biosphere.
Researchers sketch a concept for a very alien evolutionary path in an alien environment.
(Helen.S.Cooper)
Predicting these steps in complexity might not tell us much about the fine details, but they could still help us flesh out on which worlds we should expect slime and on which we could hope for something more communicative.
"We still can't say whether aliens will walk on two legs or have big green eyes," says Levin. "But we believe evolutionary theory offers a unique additional tool for trying to understand what aliens will be like, and we have shown some examples of the kinds of strong predictions we can make with it."
But it's clearly a useful exercise in exploring what's possible. Nothing in what we've learned about evolution on Earth suggests it wouldn't work on any type of imperfectly replicating system, after all.
It can even be argued that this feature should form the very basis of how we identify life, meaning if we did discover biology elsewhere it would by definition bea "self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution".
Thinking of it this way, the very concept of discrete alien species might be a red herring. On Earth, the boundaries between individual organisms and our biosphere are often hazy. Likewise, first contact might be less like a handshake with ET and more like dipping a finger into a planet-wide primordial soup.
"At each level of the organism there will be mechanisms in place to eliminate conflict, maintain cooperation, and keep the organism functioning," says Levin. "We can even offer some examples of what these mechanisms will be."
The research paper might not be revolutionary, but acts as a useful reminder of evolution as a defining quality of life. It serves as an interesting touchstone for what we could reasonably expect from biology that evolved on an exoplanet.
Perhaps we could even begin to create some kind of preliminary categories without setting foot on any of these far-flung worlds.
At the very least, it's added fuel for one of humanity's favourite pastimes – dreaming that we're not alone.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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