Researchers Find Thousand-Year-Old Pyramid City In The Heart Of Mexico

Researchers have made a sensational discovery in Mexico, as they have uncovered the remains of an ancient Pyramid city as densely built as Manhattan. During its peak, this ancient city is believed to have been inhabited by more than 100,000 people.

Using state-of-the-art laser technology; users discovered the lost city of Angamuco, built by the ancient Purepecha people, a rival culture of the ancient Azteca.

The recently uncovered archaeological site had 26 square kilometers and remained hidden for several centuries as dense vegetation devoured it.

Seen here are examples of sunken plazas, patios, and related features in Angamuco.

Photograph: C Fisher

LiDAR—Making Archaeology great again

Since 2011, a group of researchers has used laser scanning technology called LiDAR to examine the remains of an ancient metropolis called Angamuco, established during 900 AD on the shores of Lake Pátzcuaro, in the Mexican state of Michoacán.

‘To think that this massive city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is kind of amazing,’ said Chris Fisher, professor of anthropology at CSU who made the admission of missing the finding on foot.

LiDAR technology is helping archaeologists around the globe make unprecedented discoveries. Using traditional methods of on-the-ground archaeological surveys would take 20 years to assemble as much data as two days using the laser-based technique, note experts.

One of Angamuco’s ‘neighbourhoods’, revealed using LiDAR technology.

Photograph: C Fisher

LiDAR can help researchers see what the naked eye can’t, thanks to the technologies ability to penetrate through thick layers of vegetation.

The technology offers researchers a new set of eyes, allowing them to see what they’d never see without it. In fact, after seeing the results of the scan, one of the team members realized that he had walked within 10 meters of one of the most massive pyramids of the ancient city of Angamuco, without even realizing it, since the pyramids—and entire city—are covered in thick layers of vegetation.

‘If you do the math, all of a sudden you are talking about 40,000 building foundations up there, which is [about] the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan.’

In an interview, Fisher said that thanks to LiDAR they have discovered that “more than 100,000 people inhabited the city of Angamuco during its peak, which occurred between the year 1,000 and 1,350 AD. We are talking about the fact that this metropolis is the largest metropolis that, until now, is known in western Mexico during this period.”

The discoveries have helped researchers understand that pre-Columbian Mesoamerica was ‘significantly more densely populated at the time of European contact’ than previously thought.

The researcher from Colorado State University said that “Angamuco was a large settlement that had many people and a lot of architectural remains.”

He added: “Some estimates of our studies show that there may have been more than 40,000 buildings, that is, the same number of buildings that are currently on the island of Manhattan, in New York.”

Seen here is the city of Angamuco, which was inhabited by more than 100,000 people during its peak.

Photograph: C Fisher

Between the 15th and 16th centuries, the Purépecha empire, with capital in Tzintzuntzan, was a Mesoamerican power that resisted the push of the Mexica Empire.

This ancient culture encompassed the southern part of the state of Guanajuato, much of the state of Michoacán and the northern region of the state of Guerrero to the south of the State of Mexico.

Its military and economic success were due, in part, to the fact that the Purépechas were skilled metal workers in both gold and copper, which undoubtedly helped maintain their independence from the Aztecs.

The ancient Purépechas were exclusive speakers of the Purepecha language, an isolated language that has no proven historical relationship with any other in the region.

The most famous source of information about the Purépechas is the Michoacán relation written by Fray Jerónimo de Alcalá for Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza around 1540.

Source: Laser scanning reveals ‘lost’ ancient Mexican city ‘had as many buildings as Manhattan’

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

19-02-2018 om 01:18 geschreven door peter  

A study of 211 skulls from a pre-Inca society suggests head-shaping developed over time

BY  BRUCE BOWER 

 

 

GOING LONG  Starting around 1300, high-ranking members of a pre-Inca population increasingly had their heads bound into a narrow, elongated shape during infancy, a researcher says.

M. VELASCO/CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2018

Bigwigs in a more than 600-year-old South American population were easy to spot. Their artificially elongated, teardrop-shaped heads screamed prestige, a new study finds.

During the 300 years before the Incas’ arrival in 1450, intentional head shaping among prominent members of the Collagua ethnic community in Peru increasingly centered on a stretched-out look, says bioarchaeologist Matthew Velasco of Cornell University. Having long, narrow noggins cemented bonds among members of a power elite — a unity that may have helped pave a relatively peaceful incorporation into the Incan Empire, Velasco proposes in the February Current Anthropology.

 “Increasingly uniform head shapes may have encouraged a collective identity and political unity among Collagua elites,” Velasco says. These Collagua leaders may have negotiated ways to coexist with the encroaching Inca rather than fight them, he speculates. But the fate of the Collaguas and a neighboring population, the Cavanas, remains hazy. Those populations lived during a conflict-ridden time — after the collapse of two major Andean societies around 1100 (SN: 8/1/09, p. 16) and before the expansion of the Inca Empire starting in the 15th century.

For at least the past several thousand years, human groups in various parts of the world have intentionally modified skull shapes by wrapping infants’ heads with cloth or binding the head between two pieces of wood (SN: 4/29/17, p. 18). Researchers generally assume that this practice signified membership in ethnic or kin groups, or perhaps social rank.

HEADY BURIALS In southeastern Peru, structures at the base of a cliff contained the bodies of presumably high-ranking members of a pre-Inca-era population known as the Collagua. These individuals gradually adopted a style of intentional head shaping that resulted in many of them having long, narrow noggins, a new study finds.

DAVID RODRÍGUEZ SOTOMAYOR

The Callagua people lived in Colca Valley in southeastern Peru and raised alpaca for wool. By tracking Collagua skull shapes over 300 years, Velasco found that elongated skulls became increasingly linked to high social status. By the 1300s, for instance, Collagua women with deliberately distended heads suffered much less skull damage from physical attacks than other females did, he reports. Chemical analyses of bones indicates that long-headed women ate a particularly wide variety of foods.

Until now, knowledge of head-shaping practices in ancient Peru primarily came from Spanish accounts written in the 1500s. Those documents referred to tall, thin heads among Collaguas and wide, long heads among Cavanas, implying that a single shape had always characterized each group.

“Velasco has discovered that the practice of cranial modification was much more dynamic over time and across social [groups],” says bioarchaeologist Deborah Blom of the University of Vermont in Burlington.

Velasco examined 211 skulls of mummified humans interred in either of two Collagua cemeteries. Burial structures built against a cliff face were probably reserved for high-ranking individuals, whereas common burial grounds in several caves and under nearby rocky overhangs belonged to regular folk.

 

SHAPING UP About 300 years before the Inca arrived, low-ranking members of the Collagua people sometimes had their heads flattened at the back during infancy (left). More often, their heads were not modified (right).

M. VELASCO/CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2018

Radiocarbon analyses of 13 bone and sediment samples allowed Velasco to sort Collagua skulls into early and late pre-Inca groups. A total of 97 skulls, including all 76 found in common burial grounds, belonged to the early group, which dated to between 1150 and 1300. Among these skulls, 38 — or about 39 percent — had been intentionally modified. Head shapes included sharply and slightly elongated forms as well as skulls compressed into wide, squat configurations.

Of the 14 skulls with extreme elongation, 13 came from low-ranking individuals, a pattern that might suggest regular folk first adopted elongated head shapes. But with only 21 skulls from elites, the finding may underestimate the early frequency of elongated heads among the high-status crowd. Various local groups may have adopted their own styles of head modification at that time, Velasco suggests.

In contrast, among 114 skulls from elite burial sites in the late pre-Inca period, dating to between 1300 and 1450, 84 — or about 74 percent — displayed altered shapes. A large majority of those modified skulls — about 64 percent — were sharply elongated. Shortly before the Incas’ arrival, prominent Collaguas embraced an elongated style as their preferred head shape, Velasco says. No skeletal evidence has been found to determine whether low-ranking individuals also adopted elongated skulls as a signature look in the late pre-Inca period.

Citations

• M. Velasco. Ethnogenesis and social difference in the Andean Late Intermediate Period (AD 1100-1450). Current Anthropology. Vol. 59, February 2018, p. 98. doi:10.1086/695986.

Further Reading

• B. Bower. Ancient Romans may have been cozier with Huns than they let on. Science News. Vol. 191, April 29, 2017, p. 18.
• B. Bower. Maize may have fueled ancient Andean civilization.Science News. Vol. 176, August 1, 2009, p. 16

{https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

19-02-2018 om 01:07 geschreven door peter  

{ https://phys.org/ }

19-02-2018 om 00:47 geschreven door peter  

If We Discover Alien Life, Will Humanity Keep Its Cool?

By Carl Engelking

Mars has long been the best candidate to find extraterrestrial life? 

(Credit: NASA)

For well over 1,500 years, humanity accepted that Earth was the center of the solar system. After all, the Bible—which was the scientific authority at the time—said this was so.

Then along came Nicolaus Copernicus, who in the 16^th century dared to challenge the church and mathematically described a solar system with the sun at its center. After his death, Galileo Galilei’s observations of heavenly bodies further supported the Copernican model. The Catholic Church, fearing such a finding undermined the supreme authority of the Bible, charged him with heresy. Galileo would be sentenced to life imprisonment, but was allowed to serve his sentence at home due to his declining health.

So often, institutions that wield incredible power loathe major paradigm shifts that could undermine their authority and ability to monopolize the truth. Informing the masses that everything they’ve been told is wrong, after all, could result in a social upheaval that tears society apart, at least the thinking goes.

Today, the world is still grappling with a haunting question: Are we alone in this infinite universe, or is life infinitely diverse throughout the universe? To date, we are still alone, but discovering extraterrestrial life would tie a definitive bow on that existential question. In other words, it would be a major paradigm shift. So if we finally determine that we are indeed not alone, will the very fabric of society tear apart?

Probably not.

In fact, humanity might embrace the news with open arms. That’s the conclusion from Michael Varnum, a psychology professor at Arizona State University who is also part of the university’s Interplanetary Initiative, a research group aimed at building a social framework for a future extraterrestrial society. Varnum took on one of the group’s pilot projects, which was to empirically answer one question: How will humankind react to the discovery of life off Earth?

It’s a question that few researchers have sought to study, but Varnum was up for the task.

“I’m a person who has been into science and sci-fi for some time,” he said.

A Few Case Studies

The Robertson Panel in 1953 warned of mass hysteria if alien life were confirmed. Twenty-five percent of Americans in a recent survey expected people to panic when we discover alien life. Orson Welles certainly didn’t supply any evidence that humanity would keep its cool (news of the subsequent panic may have been grossly exaggerated, however). But Varnum’s study indicates this all hyperbole. Reality would probably be far more mundane.

First off, it’s far more likely that we’ll discover microbes or “non-intelligent” alien life before we meet sentient otherworldly beings. So Varnum limited the scope of the study to human reactions to news that scientists confirmed microbial alien life exists.

They started with a preliminary contextual analysis, measuring the reactions to news that extraterrestrial life might exist. They included five primary “discovery” events: the 1967 discovery of pulsars, the 1977 “Wow!” signal, the 1996 discovery of fossilized microbes on Mars, the 2015 discovery of Tabby’s star, and the 2017 discovery of exoplanets in the habitable zone of a star.

They analyzed news coverage, government memos and press releases of the event to determine the percentage of words in each article that were positive, negative, reward or risk. Words describing positive affect were more prevalent that those describing negative affect. Their preliminary findings suggested that society’s overall reaction to news about alien life was positive, and more reward oriented.

They then turned to Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and asked 504 people to respond to a hypothetical situation: Imagine scientists just discovered microbial life outside of Earth. They were told to describe their reactions, as well as the reactions of other people. Again, people tended to be more positive. They repeated the experiment with a more concrete example: New York Times coverage of Bill Clinton’s 1996 announcement about Martian life, or Craig Venter’s 2010 announcement about synthetic life. Once again, alien life was viewed in a positive light.

“Positivity bias was stronger about extraterrestrial microbial life than synthetic life. There seems to be something especially positive about alien life,” says Varnum. He published results from the study this week in the journal Frontiers in Psychology.

We’re Cool With Alien Life

Of course, contextual analysis of hypothetical situations and past events can’t necessarily predict what will actually happen if we confirm life off the planet. But Varnum said Clinton’s announcement 22 years ago is about as good of a test case as any, and its ultimate effect on the world was a real shoulder-shrug.

“It didn’t cause a radical shift in the way people lived their lives. It didn’t cause people to abandon anything,” Varnum says. “Human beings have been through pretty powerful paradigm shifts, from not being in the center of the universe to Darwin’s evolution. In the past, people would be afraid of them. But the notion that a discovery like this will destabilize anything, as it turns out, is kind of silly.”

Varnum thinks that confirming life exists throughout the universe might be viewed positively because it provides some comfort for lonely Earthlings.

“At least for me, it makes me feel that if we were to confirm alien life, I would feel like the universe is a warmer place; that we aren’t out here all alone,” says Varnum.

{http://discovermagazine.com/ }

19-02-2018 om 00:37 geschreven door peter  

Underwater Extraterrestrial Civilizations Could Be Living On Other Worlds – Former NASA Scientist Says

MessageToEagle.com – Most scientists have no doubt there are other intelligent beings in the universe, but why haven’t we found them yet?

One possibility, according to a former NASA scientist is because extraterrestrial civilizations are living at the bottom a frozen ocean on a distant water world.

The theory comes from Alan Stern, who now works at the Southwest Research Institute in Texas.

Some may say the theory is far-fetched, but considering we hardly know what is at the bottom of our oceans on Earth, it is impossible to reject the probability alien life can exist underwater elsewhere.

Extraterrestrial Civilizations Living Underwater Are Safer

According to Stern there are several benefits of creating underwater habitats.

Aliens living underwater would be protected them from exploding stars, spikes of space radiation or other natural disasters. So, it’s a safe environment.

During a speech at the 2017 Division for Planetary Sciences some days ago, Stern discussed the Fermi paradox and elaborated on why we haven’t found aliens when it’s so likely that they exist somewhere in our gigantic universe.

“Many possible explanations [to this paradox] have been proffered,” Stern wrote.

See also:

• Plasma Aliens Could Live Inside “Black Clouds”- Extraterrestrial Life Can Be Stranger Than We Even Dare To Imagine
• Invisible Aliens: Extraterrestrial Life May Be Beyond Human Understanding
• More About Extraterrestrial Life

“We suggest another — namely that the great majority of worlds with biology and civilizations are water ocean worlds.”

Sterns thinks it’s likely alien water worlds can be extremely cold. This would mean an underwater extraterrestrial civilization must probably be living beneath a thick crust of ice that makes it impossible for us to contact them.

“Water worlds are naturally cut off from communication by their interior nature below a thick roof of ice or rock and ice, therefore do not easily reveal themselves,” he said.

Will Alien Underwater Beings Resemble Fish?

Many think that alien underwater creatures would resemble fish, but this doesn’t have to be the case.

Dr Fergus Simpson from the Institute of Cosmos Sciences at the University of Barcelona used a complex form of maths called Bayesian probability to predict the surface of most planets is likely to more than 90 per cent covered in water.

According to Dr. Simpson fish-like aliens are unlikely to be very advanced.

“The main reason I’m skeptical about there being lots of intelligent underwater alien species is that I think it’s harder for aquatic creatures like dolphins to use tools or build a fire.”

Speculating in what advanced alien species look like can be funny and who knows what creatures are out there. Some scientists suggested aliens can resemble giant jell-fish and there are those who say our alien neighbors will look like humans. We really don’t know.

{ http://www.messagetoeagle.com/ }

19-02-2018 om 00:26 geschreven door peter  

ALIEN COMMUNICATION: HERE’S WHAT MESSAGES FROM EXTRATERRESTRIAL CIVILIZATIONS WOULD LOOK LIKE

BY JOSEPH FRANKEL 

19-02-2018 om 00:13 geschreven door peter  

As many readers of Mysterious Universe will know, I firmly conclude that there is a real UFO phenomenon of unknown origins, but probably not extraterrestrial. I am far from convinced that alien creatures crashed and died outside of Roswell, New Mexico in the early part of July 1947. I’ve written two books on my findings on Roswell – as they relate to a dark and disturbing answer to the riddle. They are Body Snatchers in the Desert (2005) and The Roswell UFO Conspiracy (2017). All of the data I have uncovered points in the direction of top secret, controversial experiments involving high-altitude balloons and human guinea-pigs. In this 2-part article, I’m going to share with you my views as to why I think the Roswell affair has nothing to do with alien visitations to our planet.

Despite what has been said about the “UFO crash” on the Foster Ranch, Lincoln County, New Mexico in the first week of July 1947, there is actually very little data available to suggest that an alien “craft” came down. Practically every eye-witness described seeing a huge field of debris: lightweight foil-like material strewn across one specific part of the ranch. And, for the most part, that’s all. As for what that strange foil may have been, the U.S. Air Force states:

“As early as May 1948, polythene balloons coated or laminated with aluminum [italics mine] were flown from Holloman AFB and the surrounding area. Beginning in August 1955, large numbers of these balloons were flown as targets in the development of radar guided air-to-air missiles. Various accounts of the ‘Roswell Incident’ often described thin, metal-like materials that when wadded into a ball, returned to their original shape. These accounts are consistent with the properties of polythene balloons laminated with aluminum. These balloons were typically launched from points west of the White Sands Proving Ground, floated over the range as targets, and descended in the areas northeast of White Sands Proving Ground where the ‘strange’ materials were allegedly found.”

There are indications that such balloons were used as far back as 1947, but in operations far more controversial and disturbing than those which took place from 1948 onward. Australian UFO researcher Keith Basterfield has looked into all of this. He says of data provided to him before my Body Snatchers in the Desert book was published that the military was “…experimenting with craft they dropped from ‘aircraft’ flying in the stratosphere. Also, gigantic balloons [italics mine] were being flown in the stratosphere to drop craft fitted with retrorockets and a drogue chute. The retrorocket was fitted with an altimeter to fire them close to the ground. Lots of UFO sightings were of these craft. The U.S. released bogus flying saucer sightings and later discredited them.”

Regardless of what the UFO research community thinks of all this, the fact is that many of the witness reports do describe what sounds like balloon-based materials. Take, for example, the words of Major Jesse Marcel, one of the first people in the military to see the field of debris: “I saw a lot of wreckage but no complete machine. It had disintegrated before it hit the ground. The wreckage was scattered over an area about three quarters of a mile long and several hundred feet wide. I was pretty well acquainted with most everything that was in the air at that time, both ours and foreign. I was also acquainted with virtually every type of weather-balloon or radar-tracking device being used by either the civilians or the military. What it was we didn’t know. We just picked up the fragments…it certainly wasn’t anything built by us.”

That all sounds impressive, but the fact is that just because Marcel was “acquainted with virtually every type of weather-balloon or radar-tracking device,” it doesn’t mean he had an awareness of all the many and varied secret balloon-based programs that were in place in New Mexico in the late-1940s. And if the balloons used in the experiment that led to the flying saucer legend were radically different – laminated or coated with aluminum – then we can see why Marcel was genuinely mystified.

Moving on, while many UFO researchers are very impressed by the tales of the mysterious foil-like materials, there is another issue that needs to be addressed. Some UFO researchers have suggested that the debris found on the ranch – the strange foil – amounted to the outer shell of the craft. If that’s the case, where were the interior remains? The seats in which the aliens sat as they struggled to steer their craft on its final, fatal flight? What about the remnants of the tripod-landing gear that are described in so many UFO cases? How about the power-plant? We hear very, very little about such matters. For the most part, it’s all about the weird foil. This is a problem, because there are numerous cases of people seeing UFOs landing, thanks to that aforementioned tripod-style gear. Alien abductees describe the interiors of UFOs as containing tables, lights, and strange equipment used in the examination of the abductees. So, why should the Roswell UFO seemingly be almost completely free of anything but an outer-shell? If it was a massive balloon – but one which was used in top secret, highly controversial experiments – then at least some of these problems go away.

I don’t pretend that this answers all of the questions concerning Roswell. It doesn’t. But the “secret balloon” angle does, at least, offer a reasonable theory as to why the vast majority of the wreckage found on the ranch was not made up of advanced technology and the remains of those aforementioned seats and power-plants (etc., etc.).

In part-2, I’ll address another reason why I think aliens didn’t crash in New Mexico 71 years ago.

18-02-2018 om 22:48 geschreven door peter  

Part-1 of this article began as follows: “As many readers of Mysterious Universe will know, I firmly conclude that there is a real UFO phenomenon of unknown origins, but probably not extraterrestrial. I am far from convinced that alien creatures crashed and died outside of Roswell, New Mexico in the early part of July 1947. I’ve written two books on my findings on Roswell – as they relate to a dark and disturbing answer to the riddle. They are Body Snatchers in the Desert (2005) and The Roswell UFO Conspiracy (2017). All of the data I have uncovered points in the direction of top secret, controversial experiments involving high-altitude balloons and human guinea-pigs. In this 2-part article, I’m going to share with you my views as to why I think the Roswell affair has nothing to do with alien visitations to our planet.”

Part-2 focuses on an angle that, possibly, very few people have ever given much thought to. The only reason we know that something came down on the Foster Ranch in Lincoln County, New Mexico in July 1947 is because rancher Mac Brazel found it, collected some of it, and contacted the police – who then put in a call to the military at Roswell. Doesn’t that strike you as being a bit odd? It sure as hell should. If there is one thing we can say about the real UFO phenomenon it’s that it very much acts in a state of distinct stealth. There has never been a landing on the White House lawns (nor will there ever be one). The entities do their very best to wipe out the memories of those they abduct – which is precisely why so many victims of abduction turn to hypnosis for help. Close encounters of the personal kind often take place in the likes of the deserts of California, Arizona and New Mexico – and far away from towns and cities.

So, taking into consideration the above, why on earth would aliens simply allow the remains of one of their high-tech craft to fall right into the hands of the U.S. military in early July 1947? Such an action totally goes against everything that we know about the phenomenon’s preference for that aforementioned stealth. To dismiss this by saying that aliens didn’t have the sufficient technology to gather up the material – or to completely eradicate is from existence –  is a total wanker cop-out. There are countless cases on record where the phenomenon has performed incredible acts.

The so-called “Kinross Case” focuses upon the strange – and still-unresolved – disappearance of a U.S. Air Force F-89C jet fighter that was scrambled late on the night of November 23, 1953. At the time, it was on an “active air defense mission” to intercept an “unknown aircraft” over Lake Superior. Kinross Air Force Base, which was closest to the scene where the “unknown” was initially tracked, quickly alerted the 433rd Fighter Interception Squadron at Truax Field, Madison, Wisconsin, and the F-89C gave immediate chase.

Northrop F-89C

Available USAF records demonstrate that the F-89 was vectored west-northwest, then west, climbing to 30,000 feet. While on its westerly course, the crew received permission to descend to 7,000 feet, turning east-northeast and coming steeply down on the target from above. Alarmingly, as the aircraft closed-in on the “unknown” it subsequently vanished into oblivion, along with its two crew-members. The last radar contact placed the interceptor at 8,000 feet, 70 miles from Keeweenaw Point, and about 150 miles northwest of Kinross AFB, which, today, is called Kincheloe AFB. UFO researchers have suggested that crew and airplane were “kidnapped” by the UFO.  A high-flying, fast-moving military plane could be snatched from the sky with ease, but a field of debris was too difficult to clear up?

What of the tales of aliens being able to pass through solid walls? Or, in this case, through a window? Such accounts suggest incredible powers on their part. Either the aliens are downright impoverished and couldn’t recover the remains of their dead comrades and a bunch of debris, or they possess amazing skills. There is no room for something in between. A study of Ufology suggests the latter scenario is the correct one. So, why not use those fantastic abilities to grab the Roswell materials and bodies before Mac Brazel came across them?

Allowing the Roswell materials (and bodies/body-parts) to sit there, on the ranch, and in distinct danger of falling into the hands of a pesky human or several, goes against everything we know about how the genuine UFO enigma operates. In my view, this can be explained by suggesting that the curious debris was not extraterrestrial. It was linked to a highly-classified, military, balloon-based program. And, in just about the worst case scenario possible, rancher Brazel came across the remains of the huge balloon/balloons before the military found the exact site.

As I see it, it’s all easily explainable without having to bring aliens into the controversy. But, of course, Ufology doesn’t want to hear any of that. Ufology wants exciting, extraterrestrial-themed tales. And that’s the problem. It has been a problem ever since Roswell became a hot-potato. And it’s why Roswell has endured as a UFO case for so long.

{http://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

18-02-2018 om 22:47 geschreven door peter  

Over the last year, images and videos of rather dubious three-fingered “mummies” in Peru sparked a flurry of social speculation about ancient aliens, alien-human hybrids, or some unidentified human subspecies or unknown ancient abomination from right here on Earth. However authentic or inauthentic they might be, the strange appearance of the “mummies” with long, bulbous heads might have its roots in a kernel truth.

An elongated, stretched-out kernel.

It turns out that hundreds of skulls with elongated skulls have indeed been found in the mountains of Peru and catalogued by anthropologists throughout the years. DNA tests of the skulls have been surprising, but only in that they showed that these elongated skull people might have migrated from Europe where other elongated skulls have been found. Some anthropologists have even suggested that these skulls might represent an unknown human subspecies. While that much is still just speculation, new research published by Cornell University bioarchaeologist Matthew Velasco indicates that these elongated skulls might have been a type of status symbol to indicate the high social standing of their owners. Were these some type of elite human group? What was it about the shapes of these skulls that made them superior?

Similarly deformed skulls have been found throughout the world, and some cultures even still practice skull deformation today.

According to his article published in Current Anthropology, Velasco believes the practice of deliberately elongating skulls was widely practice among the elites of the Collagua people, the dominant ethnic group in Peru before the arrival of the Incas:

Greater standardization of head-shaping practices echoes broader patterns of identity formation across the south-central highlands and may have provided a symbolic basis for the cooperation of elite groups during an era of intensive conflict […] The symbolic boundaries enacted by head shaping intersected other forms of collective identity and likely contributed to growing social inequality prior to the period of Inca imperial expansion.

In other words, these ancient Peruvian cultures used intentional head shaping as a means of signalling higher social status, creating two distinct classes of people: lowly street urchin round heads, and golden toilet-owning stretchy heads. The evidence that they may have been higher status mainly comes from the observations that females with elongated heads suffered much less head trauma than females with round heads, and skeletons with elongated skulls showed evidence of a more varied diet. Furthermore, most of the elongated skulls have been found in Collagua burial structures close to cliff faces, while most of the round unmodified Collagua skulls have been found in caves or under outcroppings.

Nothing says “I’m rich and have nothing better to spend my money on” than a skull deformer. That Inca inventor must have laughed himself to sleep each night.

It’s pretty interesting to think about how the beauty standards and physical social signalling of today will be viewed by future civilizations. Orthodontic braces are pretty brutal if you think about it, as are tummy tucks or injecting one’s face with botulinum toxin to deaden facial muscles. These somewhat destructive appearance-altering procedures are typically only available to the wealthy. While we might look upon these elongated skulls as an antiquated and brutal practice, are we really any different?

{ http://mysteriousuniverse.org/  }

18-02-2018 om 22:19 geschreven door peter  

Is your anti-virus software up-to-date on all of your electronic devices? Did you download the special patch to protect you against viruses sent by extraterrestrial hackers? Did you forget and click on the cute little green alien head? Too late … you’re infected and you’re probably going to bring down the world’s electronic grid as we know it. Thanks a lot.

“A complex message from space may require the use of computers to display, analyze and understand.
Such a message cannot be decontaminated with certainty, and technical risks remain which can pose an existential threat. Complex messages would need to be destroyed in the risk averse case.”

That’s the opening warning in a new paper entitled “INTERSTELLAR COMMUNICATION. IX. MESSAGE DECONTAMINATION IS IMPOSSIBLE” (it’s in all caps because they’re serious) by Michael Hippke of Sonneberg Observatory in Germany and John G. Learned of the High Energy Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa. Their main message is that a message from an extraterrestrial intelligence (ET) cannot be decontaminated with any degree of certainty and the
the technical risks are impossible to assess beforehand.

Let’s say you’ve got the latest anti-virus software, your patches are up-to-date and you never click on links in strange messages. However, what you receive is a simple text message … a text message warning that aliens are on their way and planning to destroy the planet. One message to one person might not be so bad, but a Cc: to an entire country would cause some serious panic … even if it’s a country that doesn’t believe a foreign government could send emails that could influence an election.

While a propaganda message is possible, the authors suggest that an alien civilization bent on bringing down a planet without sending a fleet of warships would probably use a virus or some form of electronic contamination. Most of us follow the warning not to open attachments from strange email addresses, but a message from extraterrestrials would probably drive curiosity over caution and the ETI virus would possibly act like those we’re used to – either bringing down systems and networks or infiltrating them with hidden software awaiting further instructions.

Assuming we’re smarter than the aliens think or than these researchers give us credit for, some super-tech could built an airtight electronic container or “prison” that would allow them to open the attachment or message without releasing the contamination … unless the message was one that convinced the person with the key that it was OK to open the box – a promise of riches, eternal life, cures for diseases, the answer to who killed JFK, etc. That ‘gift’ might look harmless and even work for a while, but then turn on us and destroy humanity. Doesn’t anyone read about the Trojan horse anymore?

So you would assume that the researchers would suggest avoiding any messages from ETI like the plague … and you would be wrong.

“The risk for humanity may be small, but not zero. The probability of encountering malicious ETI first might be very low. Perhaps it is much more likely to receive a message from positive ETI. Also, the potential benefits from joining a galactic network might be considerable It is always wise to understand the risks and chances beforehand, and make a conscious choice for, or against it, rather than blindly following a random path. Overall, we believe that the risk is very small (but not zero), and the potential benefit very large, so that we strongly encourage to read an incoming message.”

Should you receive a message from an extraterrestrial civilization, it sounds like the best plan is to forward it to Hippke and Learned.

{ http://mysteriousuniverse.org/  }

18-02-2018 om 22:05 geschreven door peter  

Unexplained large chunks of ice keep falling from the skies around the world, narrowly missing people and property alike. Recent examples include Scotland, Canada, Florida, and California, but now a strange case of an anomalous ice fall in London which fell close to passersby has some wondering if some new type of atmospheric phenomenon is occurring all over the globe, potentially putting us in danger. Of course, the official explanation says these balls of ice likely fall from planes overhead and aviation officials will be looking into it. Are these merely related to air travel, and if so, why the recent uptick in occurrences?

The ice ball exploding at the moment of impact.

The video shows Serhiy Mysehkov, a London street cleaner as he was working near the Kew Gardens in the London borough of Richmond upon Thames. Speaking to the Richmond & Twickenham Times Mysehkov, recounted how he was minding his business sweeping the road when a certain icy death missed him by mere feet:

I was sweeping on the other side of the road, then heard a loud boom. A piece of ice, maybe 10 kilograms big, fell from either a plane or from the sky. It all happened very quickly. I wasn’t scared, but it could kill you. I feel lucky.

He should feel lucky. CCTV footage filmed at the scene by a taxi firm shows an oblivious Mysehkov going about his business as a child-sized (as in the size of a child) ball of ice plummets straight down, exploding on the road in a cloud of shards.

Yeah, that would have hurt.

A spokesperson for the UK Civil Aviation Authority told The Evening Standard that while these megacryometeors are occasionally caused by leaks from planes or ice forming on fuselages, it’s impossible to determine which might be aviation related and which might represent something more anomalous:

Although ice does very occasionally fall from aircraft, it can also be the result of meteorological phenomena. We receive around 30 reported ice falls every year, although we are not certain how many of these incidents are the result of ice falling from an aircraft.

Of course, reports of anomalous ice balls falling from the skies predate the invention of air travel. Scanning the news for certain keywords and types of stories each week really lets you see the big picture and start drawing connections between stories. Are these icy meteors related to the recent spate of unexplained booms heard in the skies around the world? What’s going on up there? Do we really want to know?

{ http://mysteriousuniverse.org/  }

18-02-2018 om 21:57 geschreven door peter  

IN EEN VLIEGENDE BADKUIP NAAR DE BAKKER ( VIDEO )

{ http://www.niburu.co/ }

18-02-2018 om 20:35 geschreven door peter  

Huge Anomaly blazes trail past the Sun!

NASA’s SOHO Lasco C3 spacecraft captured a strange anomaly behind the Sun on February 15, 2018.

The anomaly appears only in one frame. Could it be a cosmic ray or there is another explanation for this anomaly.

Anyway a unique observation.

  

{  http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

18-02-2018 om 20:26 geschreven door peter  

Purported Miniature UFO Wreckage Found In Museum After Went Missing For Decades

After went missing for decades, the wreckage of an alleged miniature UFO has been found at a museum in the UK. Alleged fragments of a UFO, which was discovered in 1957 in Northern England’s remote area, have turned up in the archives of the London Science Museum.

The apparent flying saucer was noticed on Silpho Moor, an open land area in North Yorkshire. The incident has been eventually called Britain’s Roswell.

David Clarke, a principal research fellow at the Sheffield Hallam University in the UK, said that he discovered the artefacts after making a presentation at the Science Museum late in 2017.

Clarke, a contemporary legends expert, said that he discovered the fragments in a plastic box along with a compilation of files. He said a large tin cigarette box with a label marked ‘Victoria and Albert Museum – alleged UFO bits’ was inside the files.

At first, Clarke thought it must be a joke, or he found worthless pieces of metal. They were stored off-site, so Clarke arranged for the files to be sent to London for examination.

Inside the box was a collection of five paper envelopes, labelled A-E, that contains pieces of metal, tiny bits of copper foil, and fused metal/plastic amalgam. When Clarke examined the associated correspondence, he noted references to pieces of ‘The Silpho Moor Object’ with a note saying these were forwarded to the museum for scientific examination in 1963.

Three men discovered the object on Silpho Moor. They later paid £10 ($13.89) to another party who had removed it from the Moor. A section of the upper part of the said UFO was later on removed, and the object was split in two. Then extracted from the object was the central section, resulting to the revelation of copper wire that held a copper book, which contained 17 small copper foil pages.

Clarke said that the little copper foil pages were marked with hieroglyphic-type lettering, which interestingly corresponds with letters engraved onto the copper base of the primary object.

Until now, the mystery about the UFO remains. Stories and conspiracy theories have grown up around it.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

18-02-2018 om 20:16 geschreven door peter  

Man On Fishing Trip Snaps Strange Crystal-Clear UFO

A fisherman claimed to have snapped a UFO while on a relaxing trip. The picture was reportedly taken at Nelson ledges state park in Garrettsville, Nelson, Ohio, USA. It shows a strange torpedo-shaped object above a lake and trees in the top-left corner.

A son of the man, who was not named, sent the image to the US-based Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) for analysis.

In the report, the man was fishing and taking a couple of pictures for memories. Later, while looking at the pictures, he noticed this strange looking object.

He did not notice anything unusual while snapping the photos.

He thought the object in question must be moving very fast and was caught on the photo at the right moment.

According to the report, the picture was taken on 23 October 2011, but just only recently it was sent to MUFON for investigation.

However, MUFON has been aware that many people have submitted bogus reports. Investigator Peter Davenport said that deception would continue in ufology as it takes place regularly elsewhere until such time will come when the mystery of UFOs finally laid to rest.

Debunkers believe the picture is genuine, but the object is not evidence of aliens and only something launched in the water, such as a stone.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

18-02-2018 om 20:08 geschreven door peter  

Professional Golfer Says ‘Call Me Crazy!’ As He Posts UFO Sighting On Twitter

Pro golfer Graham DeLaet took to Twitter sharing his UFO sighting, which had social media buzzing. The 36-year-old Canadian said that he saw the UFO over Ixtapa, Mexico and believed it was what it was as no other explanation he could think.

The PGA Tour veteran even shared a video recording of his sighting. The tweet went viral and many suggesting that DeLaet, whose career earnings reached US$11 million, had over-indulged in his brand of craft beer.

Others pointing out he had possibly saw the Musk’s SpaceX rocket, Falcon Heavy, in its final burn stage. Several others reported about the rocket in the southwest of the US.

DeLaet, who has more than 122,000 Twitter followers, answered back to his doubters saying that he has been looking at the sky every night and never seen anything like what he saw.

He said people can think he is crazy or whatever, but he believed that was weird.

However, minutes later DaLaet seemed to admit defeat saying that if this is what I saw (Elon Musk) then it was pretty cool he got to see it, adding that Elon Musk is smart.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

18-02-2018 om 20:02 geschreven door peter  

USO – WHAT ARE UNIDENTIFIED SUBMERGED OBJECTS? UNDER-WATERS UFOS?

USO | If the vast majority of people think that are probably the flying machines with which our planet is visited by the beings of the Cosmos, few are the ones who have heard of the mysterious objects that cross the under-waters of the lakes and oceans, just like the similar devices that fly in the sky.

Does it prefer some UFOs to travel under the water? Or are we dealing with a new category of mysterious objects? Two questions that modern science does not get to find answers …

Those who pass through the depths

Incorporated in the oblivion of more well-known phenomena in the field, such as Area 51, the Voronezh episode, or 1-4 grade encounters, the case of Unidentified Submerged Objects (USO, in specific language) raises a series of new questions, sensitively different from those accompany the classic (already …) theme of UFOs.

According to the reputed UFO scientist, Dr. Timothy Good, strange objects that travel through the Earth’s waters bring into question one of the most disturbing theories about visitors from other worlds.

People, being self-proclaimed the most intelligent and powerful species on Earth, find it difficult to accept the possibility of being visited at a certain moment by far superior beings from other planets.

What can we do in front of creatures from other worlds moving through water as easily as their fellow creatures roam the heavens in flying ships? What are they looking for on Terra? What do they want from us? Why is it moving through lakes and oceans? Some immense stretches of water have mysterious properties that allow them to be true interdimensional crossing gates? We do not know yet.

People’s knowledge of this captivating subchapter is (yet) summed up to simple assumptions along with a review of the most important cases recorded in the ever-increasing volume of UFO phenomenology.

We find it surprising that the accounts of USO are hundreds of years old, just like many more famous UFOs. It seems that people have mentioned in their writings and chronicles metallic objects, most often bright or provided with headlamp-like devices that cut off ocean waters at high speed.

They often sank into the depths, disappearing without a trace from the amazed eyes of the seafarers, sometimes they suddenly poured out of the waters to fly to the heavens.

Reciprocation was sometimes valid, some eyewitnesses from previous centuries retelling in documents preserved today about UFO-like devices that sink subtly, preferring as submarine transport, which hid them from the eyes of people’s astonishment.

According to some reports, the USOs that stood on the glaciers of the poles were melting ice as they moved to the surface, leaving behind them true free channels in the ice caps. Did they perform so well because of the heat emanating from the engines or the fogging layer of friction, as the crews of Soviet ships overlying the Arctic and Antarctica were saying?

USO in Arctic and Antarctica?

Instead, the crews of fishing vessels that were witnesses to USOs in industrial fishing fleets declared that strange objects are responsible for the disappearance of fish in the area, and experts have depleted the variants of such a situation where visitors from other worlds ” they stole the fish, the creatures of the sea were frightened by running away from swimming underwater or fish and other animals were leaving the polluted waters after the object passed.

Some of the extraterrestrial enthusiasts go so far as to say that visitors from other planets have ecological inclinations, warning the fish banks not to come close to the Homo sapiens sapiens species …

“Several underwater files” …

Probably the most credible USO incident occurred on September 4, 1971, when four members of the National Geographic Institute of Costa Rica flew from a bimetal Cote Lake near the Arenal volcano.

The team of researchers wanted to map and photograph the entire area that at that time was still unexplored. For this purpose, the expedition has a special camera attached to the bottom of the plane.

The camera was large format and triggered automatically every 20 seconds to take a new photo of the lake and its surroundings. At the end of the research mission, when specialists developed the photo, they noticed a bizarre presence, which at first seemed to be a 36-meter diameter metal discarded when it was just entering the deep waters of the lake.

The object whose details were accurately captured by the camera did not appear on any other instant of the movie. Subsequent studies at Kodak headquarters in the United States have shown, without stamping, that there is no flaw of refraction, chromatic aberration or another defect in photography, the specialists declaring the photo to be purely authentic …

Lake Cote is a very deep one, and there are many accounts of locals who frequently saw flying objects entering or coming out of their water at high speed. The day after the incident involving the 4 National Geographic members at 9 am, two fishermen on a lake boat heard a metallic noise nearby.

When they turned their heads in the direction of the sound, they saw a metallic submarine object equipped with 3 turrets. Shortly without noise, the giant machine came out of the water and headed for the mountains to the north of the lake.

On the night of November 6, 1973, there was another meeting with a USO, this time near the eastern coast of the United States. The fishermen of Pascagoula, Mississippi, were direct witnesses, as did the Coast Guard.

In total, 9 witnesses saw a circular-elliptical metal object, about 6 meters long and have a golden light at the top. The object moves without noise over the water at a height of 1-2 meters.

As soon as people spotted him and began shouting and shaking, the object sank into the water, as if hiding from people. The Coast Guard made a detailed report and contacted the closest US base Navy in the area.

To the surprise of everyone, the American Navy radars have identified a metallic object of 6 meters in the same area.

There is, however, a place on Earth that can easily be called the capital of USO phenomena, and in no other area of the world, there is a place where the frequency of strange objects in the depths is so great. It’s Puerto Rico, a tropical island in the Caribbean Sea.

Puerto Rico is located in the corner of the famous Bermuda Triangle, famous for the number of unexplained displacements of boats, ships, planes, and helicopters. A large number of USO incidents have been reported around the El Yunque Jungle Mountains and Jungles.

Here, the USO UFO phenomenon has become so commonplace that locals have become accustomed to them as daily incidents. So did the American Marines who were assigned to missions in the area.

“VERY MANY PEOPLE HAVE SEEN UFOS RIDING WITH WATER, ONCE I SAW A BEAUTIFUL ONE. AT FIRST, I THOUGHT IT WAS A BOAT, IT LOOKED BLACK UNDERNEATH, AND IN THE UPPER PART, IT HAD MANY RED AND BLUE LIGHTS. “AS SOON AS HE NOTICED ME, HE SANK, DISAPPEARING INTO THE SEA,” SAYS JOSE ORLANDO GOLIS, AN OFFICIAL OF THE PUERTO RICAN GOVERNMENT STATIONED IN EL YUNQUE.

Felix Rivera is a professional diver who owns his own recreational or industrial diving company near the American Naval Air Station, one of the American bases on the island. Felix confirmed that many USO witnesses are soldiers and US military personnel at the base.

“NAVY SEALS, THE ELITE TROOPS OF THE AMERICAN NAVY ARE OFTEN TRAINED HERE, MANY OF THEM HAVE TOLD ME ABOUT ENCOUNTERS WITH SUCH STRANGE OBJECTS. SOME SAY MYSTERIOUS APPLIANCES ARE OFTEN APPROACHING THEIR TRAINING BOATS. BUT WHEN AMERICANS GET TOO CLOSE TO THEM OR PULL IN THEIR DIRECTION, OBJECTS SINK AND DISAPPEAR AT AN IMPOSSIBLE SPEED FOR ANY MAN-MADE MACHINE, “HE ADDS.

North of Puerto Rico is an area called the San Juan Strait, a place feared today by American authorities who are alarmed by a large number of military and private aircraft that have disappeared and continue to disappear regularly in this place.

A place that would rightly deserve the fame created around the Bermuda Triangle. Even more interesting is what happens in the depths of the San Juan Strait, where the researchers discovered a deep submarine fault over 9,000 meters.

Here is, in fact, the deepest point in the Atlantic, the underwater pressure is so great that life is normally impossible, and any man-made submarine would be crushed by the immense pressure of water.

The reports of the navy and US aviation report about a circular-shaped metallic ship that often appears above the water, stationing for an indefinite period of time before sinking without a trace into the blue of the Atlantic.

What does the Russian Navy hide?

Russia (including the former Soviet space) hides a range of USO phenomena, highly documented and studied by a number of prestigious specialists.

Recently, the leaders of the Russian Center for Studies of the UFO Phenomenon have accepted to publish only a small part of the information considered by the Kremlin to be “capable of provoking panic among the population.”

The “safe” dossier was handed to researchers Paul Stonehill and Philip Mantle, the two researchers announcing that they will write a book on the basis of the data that will treat all USO case history in Russia’s history.

One of the most spectacular cases is that a Soviet warship spotted an unidentified object moving through the Pacific Ocean through its submarine detection equipment.

The ship’s commanders thought they had discovered an American submarine on an espionage mission. The strange object stood deep, the Russian officers launching radio calls in which they were tending to surrender. The shock of everyone came when the object decided to leave the Soviet ship.

It disappeared astonishingly fast, radars calculating that the submarine ship was moving at a speed of about 450 km / h at a depth of 5,000 meters … while the maximum speed of the most efficient submarine built with the current technologies, does not exceed 65 km / h at a maximum depth of 50 meters …

The first case of USOs studied by the Soviets refers to the Odessa incident, when several officers and soldiers from the Sevastopol Naval Base have observed and identified a USO that left the Black Sea in August 1950 in the immediate the approach of a Soviet military cruiser.

Since then, according to data recently sent by Russian authorities, over 300 USO cases have been counted, which makes it right to ask ourselves what information is hidden in the Russian Navy databases?

Source www.matrixdisclosure.com

{http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

18-02-2018 om 01:33 geschreven door peter  

The video footage is reportedly shot over Taiwan and it shows eight strange luminous orbs moving below a plane at a slow pace.

By : Nupur Jha

YouTube screenshot/ NowYouKnow

A 'fleet of UFOs' flying below a jet has been captured in a video by a passenger in Taiwan. The footage, claimed to have captured a few years back, is creating a buzz on the internet now.

The video, reportedly shot by the passenger over Taiwan and it shows, eight strange luminous orbs moving below a plane at a slow pace. Later,  the footage was sent to Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), which investigates and maintains a global database of UFO sightings, for further clarification.

"I have witnessed eight to ten UFOs flying. I was on the airplane of Eva Airlines from Vancouver, Canada, to Taipei, Taiwan BR0009," the passenger, whose name has been kept secret, was quoted as saying by Express.

"Thirty minutes before, I saw a bright light flying underneath. The third video I have is 38 seconds. About eight UFOs are flying under the plane. I used slow motion to film the video until they asked me to shut down my camera due to landing policy," the witness added.

Many other people also claimed to have seen the fleet of the strange objects. The footage of the UFOs was shot in October 2014, but it went viral only recently on the newsbreakapp and various UFO and conspiracy theory-related websites shared it.

However, UFO enthusiasts and debunkers couldn't come up with a logical explanation regarding the sighting. The debunkers have claimed that the objects spotted were neither UFOs nor aliens.

"Nature and human activities provide a numerous variety of explanations, most of which these investigators (who posted the video) never even thought of," former space shuttle engineer and a UFO sighting debunker James Oberg was quoted as saying by Express.

Some viewers also agreed with Oberg's view on the MUFON YouTube channel.

"Those are reflections. MUFON please filter your sightings so we can keep the real sightings from the ones we can explain," one of the viewers commented.

"Looks like they fly over mountains and these bright spots are reflections of small lakes. I remember this by flying over the Alps in France and Switzerland," another netizen stated.

Watch the footage here:

YouTube/ NowYouKnow

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• Did a UFO cause earthquake in Hawaii?

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{ http://www.ibtimes.co.in/ }

18-02-2018 om 01:15 geschreven door peter  

Why Ancient Peruvians Had Elongated Skulls (No, It's Not Aliens)

A NEW STUDY HAS LOOKED AT THE ELONGATED SKULLS OF THE COLLAGUA PEOPLE WHO LIVED IN THE COLCA VALLEY IN SOUTH-EASTERN PERU. CREATIVE COMMONS

 

 By Tom Hale

Artificial skull elongation has been practiced by a strangely high number of cultures in practically every corner of the world, from Western Europe and the Americas to the Far East and Africa.

But why would people bind their baby’s heads to give themselves a pear-shaped skull? Well, for one 600-year-old civilization in South America, it was probably to show you were a VIP.

A new study, published in the journal Current Anthropology, has taken a look at elongated skulls of the Collagua people who lived in the Colca Valley in south-eastern Peru around 1100 to 1450 CE.

Through measuring carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of the bones, the researchers showed that the Collagua women with elongated distended heads ate a more varied diet, indicating that they were perhaps more privileged. These remains of these women also appeared to have fewer signs of physical violence against them, once against suggesting that they were from a higher echelon of society.

The Collagua were persistently under the threat from the Inca Empire around this time. For the women to be proudly displaying your privilege with strange skulls might have also have been particularly prominent during times of social strives and war, as it acted like a symbol of their collective identity, just like a nation proudly waving a flag.

The study also made clear that more and more skulls were being elongated, even among the lower classes, as the pressure from the Inca Empire grew. Perhaps they were looking for a sense of belonging during a time of strife?

“In times of crisis and social upheaval, the creation of new kinds of collective identity can strengthen or undermine political reintegration,” the study author, Matthew Velasco of Cornell University, notes.

“It may have promoted cohesion among local elites and facilitated cooperation at higher levels of inclusiveness to coordinate agropastoral exchange, manage irrigation, or mobilize against outside forces, including (but not limited to) the encroaching Inka state.”

Artificial cranial deformations usually involve tightly binding a baby’s squishy head with bandages or clamping it into between wooden planks in order to distort its growth. This is just one insight into one culture’s use of elongated skulls, so it doesn’t necessarily represent all instances of it. After all, it occurred in countless different groups throughout history.

Nevertheless, the majority of archaeologists believe that this practice often had something to do with social status and the sense of belonging to a group. Sorry, there's still no word on the alien connection yet!

[H/T Science News]

{ http://www.iflscience.com/ }

18-02-2018 om 01:04 geschreven door peter  

18-02-2018 om 00:23 geschreven door peter