Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
19-02-2018
Former Pentagon Official In Charge Of Secret UFO Investigation Explains How UFOs Fly
Former Pentagon Official In Charge Of Secret UFO Investigation Explains How UFOs Fly
Alien Technology finally revealed? A former Pentagon official has made an astonishing claim about the technology behind UFOs.
A former Pentagon Official who was in charge of the top-secret Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), which was founded in order to investigate the UFO phenomenon has revealed astonishing details about the mysterious flying craft.
The AATIP was a secretive program with a total budget of more than $20 million dollars, annually allocated by the Department of Defense. This mystery program was run from the Pentagon’s C ring and was solely in charge of investigating UFOs.
If UFO’s aren’t real, why has the government spent so much money on studying the phenomenon?
Luiz Elizondo, the man who was in charge of the secret program has spoken out about the AATIP and what exporters found since Nevada Democrat Senator Harry Reid pushed for its creation in 2007.
One of the most groundbreaking findings—accompanied by video and audio—was when US navy pilots observed a “whole fleet” of UFOs that were “going against” a 120 knots wind – in one AATIP case from 2015.
According to reports, the unidentified flying object had an unknown propulsion system, displaying incredible, never-before-seen movements which man-made aircraft could never perform.
Now, Mr. Elizondo has spoken out about the otherworldly capabilities of UFOs.
“I think we’ve come very close to understanding the physics of how it works, and that’s very exciting.
“For the first time, we have a compelling picture that what we are seeing is explained in our current understanding of physics, advanced physics, and quantum mechanics,” said Mr. Elizondo.
Not long ago we wrote about the incredible footage filmed by US Navy pilots as they were chasing a UFO off the coast of the US. In the video, seen below, two navy pilots Commander David Fravor and Lieutenant Commander Jim Slaight watched in awe as an unidentified flying object appeared at an altitude of 80,000 feet, then flying at incredible speed towards the sea, and eventually coming to a halt at some 20,000 feet.
AS the two pilots approached the object, it “accelerated like nothing I’ve ever seen”, said Cdr Fravor.
Mr. Elizondo explained: We do believe all these observables we’ve been seeing, sudden and extreme acceleration, hypersonic velocities, low observability, trans medium travel, and last but not least, positive lift, anti-gravity – is really the manifestation of a single technology. So it’s not five exotic technologies we’re trying to figure out, it’s one. and we think we know that one too.”
The technology is within our reach.
As explained by scientists working at Bigelow Aerospace, a physicist named Dr Hal Puthoff; these mystery crafts have the ability to effectively create their own time-space bubble, which allows them to fly at such incredible speeds.
“We believe it has to do with a high amount of energy and the ability to warp space-time, not by a lot, but by a little,” said Mr. Elizondo, revealing incredible details about UFO’s.
Have We Found A 20,000-Year-Old Pyramid Where Plato Said Atlantis Would Be?
Have We Found A 20,000-Year-Old Pyramid Where Plato Said Atlantis Would Be?
Is there a slight possibility that there is a massive Pyramid where Plato said Atlantis was once located? The alleged underwater pyramid is around 60 meters tall, and has a base of 8000 square meters.
Every time I read about Atlantis and that someone found ‘something—anything,’ that may indicate Atlantis was real I get really exciting.
Atlantis is probably the dream discovery of any archaeologists, despite the fact that many refer to it as a mythical place. Throughout the years, countless people have claimed to have found the ultimate evidence that Atlantis was once real. Despite this, no one has actually found solid evidence that would indicate Atlantis was anything more than a great ancient story.
According to Sonchis of Sais, Atlantis—a great ancient civilization—existed 9,000 years ago
According to Solon, after traveling to Egypt on numerous occasions he met a man called Sonchis of Sais—an ancient Egyptian Priest—who told him about a great civilization that existed 9,000 years before their time. This is well documented in Plato’s dialogues Timaeus and Critias.
Now, it is Plato who tells us, according to Salon, where Atlantis was located.
The mighty Atlantean island appeared as a military power that existed nine thousand years before the time of the Athenian Legislator Solon, who, according to Plato, is the source of the story.
It was allegedly located beyond the Pillars of Hercules and is described as larger than Libya and Asia Minor together.
The power of Atlantis was such that it came to dominate western Europe and northern Africa until it was stopped by the city of Athens.
At that very moment a catastrophe, which is not described, made both the island and the rival armies disappear;
“Through violent earthquakes and floods, in a single day and night of misfortune … [the whole race] … was swallowed up by the Earth and the island of Atlantis … disappeared into the depths of the sea.”
– Plato.
Was Atlantis real?
Image Credit: Shutterstock.
The sea where Atlantis was located soon became unnavigable because, while Athens and the people of Greece forgot the event, because only a few survived.
In Egypt, on the other hand, the memory that, thousands of years later came to Solon’s knowledge and, from his stories and a manuscript to Critias the narrator, the history of Atlantis was eventually was preserved.
But… what have we found beyond the Pillars of Hercules that might suggest Atlantis was in fact located there? The Azores are a set of nine volcanic islands that are located over a thousand kilometers from Portugal’s capital, Lisbon.
Located just off the islands of São Miguel and Terceira in the Azores, researchers have allegedly identified a massive structure located beneath the ocean.
The Islands of Azores are located precisely where Plato said, the mythical city/state of Atlantis would be found.
As noted by media and countless articles from the internet, the Pyramid off the coast of the Azores islands is a square pyramid, which is perfectly oriented by its cardinal points. Researchers claim that the structure has been submerged for at least 20,000 years, or around the last ice age when our planet’s glaciers were melting.
According to newspaper reports from Portugal, Diocleciano Silva first discovered the underwater pyramid. Early estimates indicate that the structure is at least 60 meters high and has a base of 8000 square meters.
Silva is said to have discovered the Pyramid while he was on a fishing trip and stumbled across the submerged pyramid using bathymetric equipment on board his ship (Bathymetry is the study of underwater depth of lake or ocean floors. In other words, Bathymetry is the underwater equivalent to hypsometry or topography.).
Speaking to Diário Insular, Silva said: “the pyramid is perfectly shaped and apparently oriented by the cardinal points.”
It’s not a stretch to say these astronomers fundamentally changed the way we think about our place in the universe. We can gain insights into how this profound shift unfolded by looking at their actual notes.
Galileo’s sketches of the moon, showing its phases. Image via Wikimedia.
It’s not a stretch to say the Copernican revolution fundamentally changed the way we think about our place in the universe. In antiquity people believed the Earth was the center of the solar system and the universe, whereas now we know we are on just one of many planets orbiting the sun.
But this shift in view didn’t happen overnight. Rather, it took almost a century of new theory and careful observations, often using simple mathematics and rudimentary instruments, to reveal our true position in the heavens.
We can gain insights into how this profound shift unfolded by looking at the actual notes left by the astronomers who contributed to it. These notes give us a clue to the labor, insights and genius that drove the Copernican revolution.
Wandering stars
Imagine you’re an astronomer from antiquity, exploring the night sky without the aid of a telescope. At first the planets don’t really distinguish themselves from the stars. They’re a bit brighter than most stars and twinkle less, but otherwise look like stars.
In antiquity, what really distinguished planets from stars was their motion through the sky. From night to night, the planets gradually moved with respect to the stars. Indeed “planet” is derived from the ancient Greek for “wandering star.”
The motion of Mars over many weeks.
And planetary motion isn’t simple. Planets appear to speed up and slow down as they cross the sky. Planets even temporarily reverse direction, exhibiting “retrograde motion.” How can this be explained?
Ptolemy epicycles
A page of an Arabic copy of Ptolemy’s Almagest, illustrating the Ptolemaic model for a planet moving around the Earth. Image via Qatar National Library.
Ancient Greek astronomers produced geocentric (Earth-centered) models of the solar system, which reached their pinnacle with the work of Ptolemy. This model, from an Arabic copy of Ptolemy’s Almagest, is illustrated above.
Ptolemy explained planetary motion using the superposition of two circular motions, a large “deferent” circle combined with a smaller “epicycle” circle.
Furthermore, each planet’s deferent could be offset from the position of the Earth and the steady (angular) motion around the deferent could be defined using a position know as an equant, rather than the position of the Earth or the center of the deferent. Got that?
It is rather complex. But, to his credit, Ptolemy’s model predicted the positions of planets in the night sky with an accuracy of a few degrees (sometimes better). And it thus became the primary means of explaining planetary motion for over a millennium.
Copernicus’ shift
The Copernican Revolution placed the sun at the center of our solar system. Image via Library of Congress.
In 1543, the year of his death, Nicolaus Copernicus started his eponymous revolution with the publication of De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres). Copernicus’ model for the solar system is heliocentric, with the planets circling the sun rather than Earth.
Perhaps the most elegant piece of the Copernican model is its natural explanation of the changing apparent motion of the planets. The retrograde motion of planets such as Mars is merely an illusion, caused by the Earth “overtaking” Mars as they both orbit the sun.
Ptolemaic baggage
The original Copernican model has similarities to Ptolemaic models, including circular motions and epicycles.
Image via Library of Congress.
Unfortunately, the original Copernican model was loaded with Ptolemaic baggage. The Copernican planets still traveled around the solar system using motions described by the superposition of circular motions. Copernicus disposed of the equant, which he despised, but replaced it with the mathematically equivalent epicyclet.
Astronomer-historian Owen Gingerich and his colleagues calculated planetary coordinates using Ptolemaic and Copernican models of the era, and found that both had comparable errors. In some cases the position of Mars is in error by 2 degrees or more (far larger than the diameter of the moon). Furthermore, the original Copernican model was no simpler than the earlier Ptolemaic model.
As 16th century astronomers did not have access to telescopes, Newtonian physics, and statistics, it wasn’t obvious to them that the Copernican model was superior to the Ptolemaic model, even though it correctly placed the sun in the centre of the solar system.
Along comes Galileo
Galileo’s telescopic observations of the planets, including the phases of Venus, demonstrated that planets travel around the sun.
Image via NASA.
From 1609, Galileo Galilei used the recently invented telescope to observe the sun, moon and planets. He saw the mountains and craters of the moon, and for the first time revealed the planets to be worlds in their own right. Galileo also provided strong observational evidence that planets orbited the sun.
Galileo’s observations of Venus were particularly compelling. In Ptolemaic models, Venus remains between the Earth and the sun at all times, so we should mostly view the night side of Venus. But Galileo was able to observe the day-lit side of Venus, indicating that Venus can be on the opposite side of the sun from the Earth.
Kepler’s war with Mars
Johannes Kepler triangulated the position of Mars by using observations of Mars when it returned to the same position in its orbit.
Image via University of Sydney.
The circular motions of Ptolemaic and Copernican models resulted in large errors, particularly for Mars, whose predicted position could be in error by several degrees. Johannes Kepler devoted years of his life to understanding the motion of Mars, and he cracked this problem with a most ingenious weapon.
Planets (approximately) repeat the same path as they orbit the sun, so they return to the same position in space once every orbital period. For example, Mars returns to the same position in its orbit every 687 days.
As Kepler knew the dates when a planet would be at the same position in space, he could use the different positions of the Earth along its own orbit to triangulate the planets’ positions, as illustrated above. Kepler, using astronomer Tycho Brahe’spre-telescopic observations, was able to trace out the elliptical paths of the planets as they orbited the sun.
This allowed Kepler to formulate his three laws of planetary motion and predict planetary positions with far greater precision than previously possible. He thus laid the groundwork for the Newtonian physics of the late 17th century, and the remarkable science that followed.
Kepler himself captured the new world view and its broader significance in 1609’s Astronomia nova (New Astronomy):
To me, however the truth is more pious still, and (with all due respect to the Doctors of the Church) I prove philosophically not only that the earth is round, not only that it is inhabited all the way around at the antipodes, not only that is it contemptibly small, but also that it is carried along among the stars.
Many conspiracy theorists all around the world believe that the mystic mountains of Himalayas are home to advanced alien civilizations, and several times, they have claimed that these beings are living in Himalayan underground bases. Now, an eerie video featuring a disc-shaped UFO above the Himalayas has gone viral on social media platforms.
The video uploaded on YouTube by the channel 'UFO Today' is basically made after stitching together 477 images taken by mountaineer and filmmaker David Breashears.
The images were stitched together as a video to portray the mountain ranges in its full glory, but the beauty of Everest was literally overshadowed by a spooky object spotted at a very high altitude. The channel claims that no helicopters or drones can fly at such high altitude and that the shape clearly indicates that the object's shape is unfamiliar.
"When we zoom in on one of the mountains left to mount Everest we can see a UFO flying above the summit. The object resembles a flying disc of some sort and it's clearly there since we can see it's silhouette. Judging it's height from Mount Everest it's safe to say this object is flying way above the height where helicopters or drones would operate," wrote the channel in the video's description.
This is not the first time that spooky stories about the Himalayas are going viral online. A year back, there was an incident reported where Hindu pilgrims on their way to Mount Kailash saw a streak of glowing triangular flying objects in the skies. When researchers investigated the incident, local residents conveyed that these sightings are quite common in and around the area.
Apart from stories related to aliens, many people also claim that Yeti or abominable snowman also lives in the mountain ranges of Himalayas. However, no solid pieces of evidence have been obtained so far to substantiate the existence of these beings.
Some things are hidden in plain sight, and no matter how many warnings there are, some people just refuse to look at that which contradicts their beliefs about the world.
Take, for example, geoengineering, which, among other things, involves the atmospheric spraying of aluminum, strontium, barium, plastics and other materials into the sky as a means of ostensibly protecting us from the dangers of global warming.
Mainstream media has been reporting on geoengineering quite a bit in recent years, pitching it as a necessary evil to come, never quite fully divulging the years of evidence we’ve collected which shows how governments the world over are already tampering with the earth’s climate.
In this video, an ex-military meteorologist explains that anomalous radar readings are the result of the military spraying chaff into the atmosphere.
“Then you see these bands of very distinct cloud cover moving into the region. That is not rain, that is not snow. Believe it or not military aircraft flying through the region dropping chaff: small bits of aluminum, sometimes it’s made of plastic or even metallicized paper products, but it’s used as an anti-radar issue and obviously they’re practicing. Now they won’t confirm that, but I was in the Marine Corps for many years and I’ll tell you right now, that’s what it is.” [Source]
In this video, a meteorolgist in Southern California talks about chaff again, noting that it has been sprayed over the region and is interfering with satellite data.
Again, another reporter from Southern California explains chaff being dispersed into the atmosphere over the region.
In this video from Florida, the local weatherman again talks about the military releasing chaff into the sky.
“I want to point out this big area of blue. That’s what we call military chaff, and the military releases some things in the atmosphere… I know.” [Source]
Here’s another one:
Final Thoughts
It’s interesting to see how spraying aluminum and other products into the skies above populated areas is treated as a non-issue by local news. Aluminum is known to cause a wide range of serous health problemsincluding brain damage and Alzheimer’s. It makes you wonder what else is happening in our skies that is not being reported on by the news.
Militaire vliegtuigen werpen aluminium boven ons hoofd uit. Deze meteorologen praten er openlijk over
Militaire vliegtuigen werpen aluminium boven ons hoofd uit. Deze meteorologen praten er openlijk over
Je hoort wetenschappers vaak zeggen dat chemtrails geen giftige stoffen zoals bijvoorbeeld aluminium bevatten. Maar is dat wel zo?
De website Waking Times heeft een aantal filmpjes verzameld waarin meteorologen het hebben over antiradarsneeuw, waarbij militaire vliegtuigen grote hoeveelheden aluminium of plastic deeltjes uitwerpen.
Nederland
Op Wikipedia is te zien dat deze antiradarsneeuw ook in Nederland wordt uitgeworpen, bijvoorbeeld bij militaire oefeningen.
In onderstaand filmpje legt een meteoroloog uit dat radarstoringen op de weerkaart het gevolg zijn van antiradarsneeuw, die door militaire vliegtuigen in de atmosfeer is gebracht.
“Je ziet duidelijk wolkenbanden in het gebied. Die zijn niet het gevolg van regen of sneeuw. Geloof het of niet: legervliegtuigen vliegen door de regio om antiradarsneeuw uit te werpen: kleine stukjes aluminium of plastic die worden gebruikt om de radar te verstoren,” zei de weerman.
In het tweede filmpje heeft een meteoroloog uit Californië het opnieuw over antiradarsneeuw. Ze merkt op dat het is uitgeworpen boven de regio en de radar verstoort.
In het derde filmpje vertelt een verslaggeefster dolenthousiast dat het leger dit spul al sinds het bestaan van de radar in de atmosfeer dumpt.
In onderstaand filmpje uit Florida heeft de lokale weerman het opnieuw over antiradarsneeuw die door het leger in de lucht wordt gedumpt.
“Ik wil jullie wijzen op dit grote blauwe gebied,” zei hij. “Dit is wat we antiradarsneeuw noemen, waarbij het leger dingen in de atmosfeer uitwerpt… Ik weet het.”
Hieronder nog één filmpje:
Het is interessant om te zien hoe het dumpen van aluminium en andere schadelijke producten in de lucht boven dichtbevolkte gebieden door lokale nieuwszenders wordt gezien als iets heel normaals.
Het is bekend dat aluminium kan leiden tot vele gezondheidsproblemen, waaronder hersenschade en alzheimer.
Je kunt je afvragen wat er nog meer gebeurt in onze lucht waar de media niet over berichten.
Among the various aquatic anomalies reported over the years, including sea monsters, lake monsters, and mermaids, certainly in a class all its own are the various reports of strange amphibious humanoids, typically described as reptilian, frog-like, or fish-like, as if something straight out of The Creature from the Black Lagoon. These outlandish accounts tend to fly off into the extreme fringe of cryptozoology and defy any real efforts to understand or classify them, only adding to the mysteries that the world’s waterways hold within their depths. Here is a selection of some of the weirder of such encounters.
Perhaps the most well known of the tales of such beasts is that of what has come to be known as the Loveland Frog, of Loveland, Ohio, in the United States. One of the earliest accounts of this frog-like mystery monster comes from May of 1955, when a businessman was traveling down a remote rural road along the Miami River in Clermont County, near the town of Loveland. As the witness approached a bridge at around 3:30 AM, he says that he saw three bipedal frog-like creatures measuring around 3 to 4 feet in height gathered under a bridge. The strange beasts were described as being somewhat reptilian in appearance, with webbed hands and feet, thick leathery skin, and “frog-like heads,” and as having many wrinkles over their bodies, as well as having wide, lipless mouths. One of the mystery beasts then allegedly raised its arm to produce a bar or wand of some sort that was said to emanate sparks and a pungent odor of “alfalfa and almonds,” an odd detail that just sinks the whole thing deeper into the strange.
Thus would begin the odyssey of the Loveland Frogmen. In March of 1972 the bizarre frogman would make an appearance again when it was purportedly spotted near Loveland by a Ohio police officer identified as a Ray Shockey as he drove in his cruiser along East Kemper Road, which winds along with the Little Miami River near town. The creature was described as bipedal and around 4 feet tall, with rough, leathery skin, and a head and face like a frog or lizard. The officer explained that he saw it leap over a railway to apparently jump into the Little Miami River. A later examination of the scene turned up strange scratch marks on the handrail the thing had reportedly jumped over, but no other physical evidence of any kind.
Just two weeks after this sighting it was seen yet again, this time by another police officer named Mark Mathews. In this case the creature was spotted lying on a rural road on the outskirts of Loveland. The witness supposedly at first took it to be a dead animal on the road, but as he got out of his cruiser to investigate it allegedly stood up and crouched down on the road before walking over to the guardrail while intently watching the witness. It was described as a frog-like bipedal creature around 4 feet in height, this time with a tail clearly visible, and the startled police officer then took a shot at it with his sidearm but missed as the beast scurried off into the night. In later years Matthews would begin to doubt what he had seen, and started to claim that it must have been some exotic reptile pet that had escaped from its owner, although how this could be confused with an upright walking frog is anyone’s guess. It is unclear why he retracted his original report, but an investigation by Weird Ohio in 2001 interviewed a local named Ron Schaffner about the possible reason, and he said thus:
Why, after all these years is Matthew’s debunking the story? I’m not sure. Could be a number of reasons. But both officers told us that it resembled the sketch in 1976. Why would they shows us a composite drawing of this creature back in 1976 and tell us that it looked like the drawing? I lived in Loveland for about five years and the story is still circulating with many variations. Just maybe Matthews is tired of hearing the story and all the variations.
There have been other sporadic sightings over the years of the Loveland Frogman, and as recently as 2016 there was a report that someone had actually filmed the creature. According to WLWT5, witness Sam Jacobs was playing the popular video game “Pokemon Go” along with his girlfriend behind the Beth Adam synagogue on Loveland Madeira Road, in Ohio, when they saw a strange, frog-like creature in the water on the nearby river. Jacobs would describe what happened thus:
We Saw a huge frog near the water. Not in the game, this was an actual giant frog… then the thing stood up and walked on its hind legs. I realize this sounds crazy, but I swear on my grandmother’s grave this is the truth… Not sure if it was a frogman or just a giant frog. Either way, I’ve never seen anything like it.
The couple managed to take a video clip of the alleged creature on their phones, which shows what seems to show something standing in the water with glowing eyes, but it is so indistinct and grainy it is hard to make out just what we are seeing here. It could be the Frogman or it could be a person in a suit. It is very possible that it is a hoax, but the couple are adamant that they actually saw this thing. If the Loveland Frogman was ever real, then what could it possibly be? Is this a cryptid, and alien, or what? It is hard to say.
A still from the Loveland Frog video
Another very well-known case of some sort of amphibious beast in the Ohio River seems to describe some sort of fish-man in its waters. In August of 1955, a Mrs. Darwin Johnson claimed that as she had been swimming in the Ohio River near Evansville, Indiana when she was pulled underwater by a reptilian creature of some sort, which grabbed her knees and yanked her under the waves. She was able to kick herself free and get to shore with the help of another woman in the vicinity named Chris Lamble. According to the report there was a green palm print on the victim’s leg which would not fade away for nearly a week. Oddly, a mysterious figure claiming to be with the Army reportedly later approached the two woman and discouraged them from telling anyone of the encounter.
Also from the Ohio River are sightings of something strange in October of 1975 at the portion of the river that runs across the northern boundary of Milton, Kentucky. Described in cryptozoologist Loren Coleman’s book Mysterious America, one witness, a Clarence Gable, claimed that there was a massive frog-like creature lurking in the area of his junkyard. The creature was described as having bulging eyes, a forked tongue, and as being a dull white color with black and white stripes. Other witnesses at around the same time would see the same or similar creature around the Ohio River at Trimble County, Kentucky, and say it was some sort of bipedal and amphibious lizard-like beast.
Other “gill-man” sightings covered by Coleman have come in from other areas as well. In March of 1959, witnesses Michael Lane, Wayne Armstrong, and Dennis Patterson sighted a “green-eyed, seven-foot-tall, seemingly armless humanoid” at Charles Mill Lake in Mansfield, Ohio, that left behind tracks like the flippers of scuba divers. This particular entity was seen again in 1963, and a major detail was that it was “luminous and green-eyed.” In November of 1978 a bizarre creature was spotted by a Charles Wetzel in the wilderness along the Santa Ana River near Riverside, California, that was described as being 7 feet tall, covered with scales and having a “protuberant mouth” and eyes that had a fluorescent sheen to them. This creature would apparently open its beak-like mouth to emit a high-pitched scream or wail and lunge for the witness’s car, which sent the him driving off with great haste. In the summer of 1973, a beast described as a “giant, man-like alligator” was sighted by residents of New Jersey’s Newton-Lafayette area, and in 1977 a scaled humanoid creature was frequently spotted in the fern and moss- covered uplands of southern New York state.
A well-known account of some sort of amphibious reptilian humanoid or fish-man comes from Thetis Lake, in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. On August 19, 1972, two teenagers named Robin Flewellyn and Gordon Pike were at the lake when they claimed to have noticed a strange surging of the water just offshore. Shortly after this, there emerged what they would describe as a 5-foot tall humanoid covered with silver scales and with gills, webbed, clawed hands, bulging eyes, a sort spines jutting from its back, and a wide, fish-like mouth. The boys claimed that the creature chased them up the beach all the way to their car, and that it had actually managed to lunge forward to cut one of them on the hand with its sharp spines before they were able to escape.
The two frightened boys later told authorities, and while the whole story seemed pretty outlandish the two witnesses seemed to be genuinely disturbed about what they had seen, which forced the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to actually investigate the claims. Nothing would be found, but oddly another similar report would come in not long after, when on August 23 teenaged witnesses Russell Van Nice and Mike Gold said that they had been out on the opposite side of the lake of the original sighting when they saw a silvery, scaled creature around 5-feet tall and with a spike on its head emerge from the water, look around, and then slip back under to disappear. Interestingly the Natives of the area have long spoken of legendary fish-like humanoids inhabiting the lake, so are these reports perhaps of something very real or is it just hoaxes? No one knows, and there have been no other sightings, leaving it all to pure speculation.
These cases are certainly hard to classify, and almost impossible to verify in any meaningful way, leaving us to ponder just what could lie at the heart of them. Is this just attention-seekers making up tall tales? Is it misidentifications of known animals or exotic escaped pets? Are there really undiscovered bipedal amphibious creatures of the likes described roaming the wilderness? If so then what could they possibly be? It is all very head-scratching indeed, and Loren Coleman has said of this conundrum thus:
Are these beasts future time travelers lost in some time/space warp? Or infrequent visitors? Or do you feel more comfortable with the idea there is a breeding population of scaly, manlike, upright creatures lingering along the edges of some of America’s swamps? Something is out there. That’s for sure.
Is there really something out there other than or rampant imaginations? The only thing that can truly be said for sure is that such reports rank as among some of the strangest sightings of mystery beasts, and show that the world of the weird goes deep. With all of the truly off-the-wall accounts out there, humanoid frog-men and gill-people? Why not?
Humanoids from the Deep - Barbara Peters - Jimmy T. Murakami - Langosto
GENDER] Terror. Science fiction | Monsters [AUDIO] Spanish [SUBS] No. Several strange events occur in a small and quiet fishing village. First, a fishing boat explodes causing the death of its crew. The dogs of the port appear dismembered, except that of the Indian Hank. The fishermen believe that he has been the author of the killing, and they do the same with the native dog. But when several bathers are killed, and some girls raped, some begin to understand that behind everything that happens there is something else ...
Buffalo, N.Y. (WKBW-TV) - Barry DiGregorio of Middleport believes that he has discovered evidence of life on Mars. Barry is an astrobiologist and an honorary research fellow with the University of Buckingham. He studies gases, rocks and other materials that are indicators of life and in his words "we apply that to what we might find on other planets."
Barry's latest discovery, after studying images sent back from NASA's Curiosity Rover, has been getting world-wide coverage. He believes that he has found trace fossils on Mars-similar to trace fossils found on earth and dating back about 450 million. Trace fossils are tracks or footprints left behind by once living creatures. Barry says that "what it says is that life rose to the multi-cellular level."
He admits that NASA is not so quick to agree that the squiggles seen in the images are trace fossils adding "NASA is saying they are crystals."
Barry DiGregorio will continue to study trace fossils and will be presenting his hypothesis of trace fossils on Mars in a scientific paper to a conference that will be held in Australia this June.
Wetenschapper heeft bewijs van leven op Mars. Lees hier alles over zijn ontdekking
Wetenschapper heeft bewijs van leven op Mars. Lees hier alles over zijn ontdekking
Astrobioloog Barry DiGregorio van de Universiteit van Buckingham zegt bewijs van leven te hebben ontdekt op Mars.
Hij bestudeert stukken rots, gassen en ander materiaal dat kan wijzen op de aanwezigheid van leven op andere planeten.
Zijn nieuwste ontdekking, die hij deed na het analyseren van foto’s die zijn gemaakt door Marsrover Curiosity, kreeg wereldwijde aandacht.
Meercellig leven
DiGregorio meent namelijk dat hij sporenfossielen heeft gevonden op Mars. Ze lijken volgens hem erg op sporenfossielen die op aarde zijn gevonden en die 450 miljoen jaar oud zijn.
Een sporenfossiel is niet een overblijfsel van een dood dier of een dode plant, maar laat biologische activiteit in een gesteente zien.
DiGregorio zei dat hieruit blijkt dat er ooit meercellig leven heeft bestaan op de rode planeet.
Kristallen
De Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA is nog niet zo overtuigd van de ontdekking. “NASA zegt dat het kristallen zijn,” aldus de astrobioloog.
Hij is van plan de sporenfossielen te blijven bestuderen en zijn bevindingen te presenteren tijdens een conferentie die in juni wordt gehouden in Australië.
Vreemd
De ontdekte sporenfossielen zijn zeer klein, waarschijnlijk één tot twee millimeter breed en vijf millimeter lang.
Ze zien er zo vreemd uit dat wetenschappers Curiosity terugstuurden om ze nader te onderzoeken.
De zogenaamde Polar Vortex (poolwervel) is, zoals verwacht, in tweeën gesplitst en één deel daarvan koerst af op Europa.
Of dit daadwerkelijk zal resulteren in de lang verwachte Elfstedentocht is uiteraard niet zeker, maar de kans daarop is wel toegenomen.
Ongeveer een week geleden schreven wij dat dankzij een plotselinge stratosferische opwarming er de grote mogelijkheid bestond dat de Polar Vortex zich in tweeën zou splitsen en als gevolg daarvan er een koude luchtstroom richting Europa op gang zou komen.
Die splitsing heeft inmiddels plaatsgevonden.
Het vreemde is dat er bij de Nederlandse weerdiensten weinig aandacht aan wordt geschonken, maar des te meer bij hun collega's in Amerika en Engeland.
Daar gaat men ervan uit dat Europa tegen heind februari, begin maart te maken zal krijgen met letterlijk ijskoude lucht en strenge vorst. Dit heeft bijvoorbeeld ook gevolgen voor de gascontracten in Engeland die al met 3,6 procent zijn gestegen in verband met de te verwachten koude.
Op het volgende plaatje is te zien dat tegen het einde van de week, naar verwachting, de koude lucht al aardig onze kant op komt.
Als deze beweging doorzet, dan krijgen we volgens de Engelse meteorologen te maken met zeer strenge vorst en kunnen de ijzers uit het vet.
Ook voor Amerika heeft dit gevolgen, waar de westelijke helft te maken zal krijgen met ongewoon lage temperaturen en de oostelijke met ongewoon hoge.
Als er één ding zeker is, dan is het dat er niets veranderlijker is dan het weer, dus niets is zeker, maar de kans op een late Elfstedentocht lijken toch behoorlijk toe te nemen.
Op naar het volgende waanzinnige project: SpaceX test eerste van 4.425 satellieten die hele wereld van goedkoop internet moeten voorzien - HLN.be
Op naar het volgende waanzinnige project: SpaceX test eerste van 4.425 satellieten die hele wereld van goedkoop internet moeten voorzien - HLN.be
APBeeld van een lancering van SpaceX met een Falcon 9 op Cape Canaveral.
IHLNNa de lancering van de Falcon Heavy vorige week – en een Starman die in een Tesla door de ruimte zweeft – maakt SpaceX zich op voor de volgende buitengewone missie: ‘Project Starlink’. De eerste twee testsatellieten worden dit weekend gelanceerd.
Drie jaar geleden onthulde SpaceX-CEO Elon Musk Project Starlink in Seattle. Met het breedbandproject wil hij met zijn ruimtevaartmaatschappij duizenden met elkaar verbonden satellieten in de ruimte sturen. Doel? De hele wereld goedkoop van razendsnelle internettoegang voorzien. SpaceX wil in totaal een slordige 4.425 kleine satellieten (zo groot als een gemiddelde auto) in een lage baan om de aarde brengen, zo’n 1.100 tot 1.325 kilometer boven ons. Dit weekend gaan de eerste twee testsatellieten de lucht in, zo blijkt uit een brief van SpaceX naar de Amerikaanse Federal Communications Commission. SpaceX geeft voorlopig geen officiële bevestiging, maar had eerder wel al aangekondigd dat eind 2017 of begin 2018 de eerste proefsatellieten zouden vertrekken.
Waarom Musk het ook nu weer in de ruimte gaat zoeken? Omdat een netwerk van satellieten met goedkope grondstations op ongeziene wijze de huidige moeilijkheden en kosten van internettechnologie op de grond kan omzeilen. “De typische uitdagingen op de grond worden verholpen door een breedbandnetwerk in de ruimte”, verklaarde Patricia Cooper van SpaceX eerder. Ondanks dat Musk zelf duidelijk wel wat geld op overschot heeft, is hij vaak op zoek naar manieren om kosten te drukken. Getuige zijn baanbrekende recyclage van raketten.
Photo NewsDe boosters van de Falcon Heavy landden weer mooi op de grond, klaar voor hergebruik.
Race om het internet
Daarnaast is Musk een competitief man, die ook in de steeds competitiever wordende race van betaalbare internettoegang wil meespelen. Neen, winnen. SpaceX is immers niet de enige die globaal razendsnel internet uit de ruimte wil domineren. Zo heeft een ander privébedrijf met de naam OneWeb gelijkaardige ambitieuze plannen. OneWeb zou volgens Geekwire onder meer samenwerken met Blue Origin, het ruimtebedrijf van die andere miljardair - Amazon-baas Jeff Bezos - en met Virgin Orbit, een ruimtevaartbedrijf dat onderdeel is van de Virgin Group van miljardair nummer drie, Richard Branson. Niet alleen de race om de ruimte, maar ook de race om het internet is ingezet.
Waar Elon Musk met de lancering van de Falcon Heavy los de voorsprong nam in de nieuwe ruimterace tussen miljardairs en hun private bedrijven, lijkt hij ook nu in poleposition. In 2015 rapporteerde The Washington Post dat grote bedrijven Google en Fidelity 1 miljard in het ruimtebedrijf van Musk pompten, deels om Project Starlink te steunen. Het is dan ook waarschijnlijk dat als het Starlink-netwerk functioneel wordt, deze bedrijven er deels de controle over zullen nemen. Het moederbedrijf van Google, Alphabet, werkt overigens zelf ook aan internetconnectiviteit op grotere hoogtes - met satellieten, ballonnen en drones. Facebook wilde in 2016 samen met het Franse Eutelsat met een satelliet gratis internet aanbieden in Sub-Saharisch Afrika, maar die droom ging in rook op toen de SpaceX-raket die de satelliet moest lanceren, ontplofte. Andere initiatieven van Facebook omvatten het gebruik van drones op zonne-energie.
REUTERSSpaceX-oprichter Elon Musk op de persconferentie na de eerste lancering van de Falcon Heavy op Cape Canaveral.
Wereldverbeteraar
Ook de wereldverbeteraar in Musk kan zich niet bedwingen: een globaal internetnetwerk dat goedkoop is en in sommige regio’s zelfs gratis voorzien kan worden, kan de bestaande issues rond ongelijke internettoegang oplossen. En dat louter met een ontvanger ter grootte als een laptop. Let wel, ook hier America First, want eerst zouden enkel de Verenigde Staten van het internet van Starlink kunnen proeven, pas later wordt het uitgerold naar de rest van de wereld. Een satellietnetwerk van 800 exemplaren zou snelle internettoegang naar de VS, Puerto Rico en de Maagdeneilanden kunnen brengen, met 4.425 satellieten mikt SpaceX op wereldwijde dekking. De hele planeet online dus, omwikkeld met een dekentje van 1-gigabit-per-seconde-internet.
REUTERSBeeld van een lancering van een SpaceX Falcon 9-raket.
2024
De twee testsatellieten (Microsat 2a en 2b) zullen dit weekend vanop de Vandenberg Air Force Base in Californië met een Falcon 9 in de ruimte worden geschoten, samen met de primaire lading: een grote Spaanse observatiesatelliet met de naam ‘Paz’. De experimentele Microsats zullen communicatie met grondstations testen, blijkt uit documenten. Zo zijn bijvoorbeeld verschillende kantoren van SpaceX een grondstation, maar ook het hoofdkwartier van Musks autobedrijf Tesla (niet toevallig hebben Tesla’s een 4G-internetverbinding). Ook drie mobiele ‘testbusjes’ staan in verbinding met de prototypes. Vanaf volgend jaar moeten dan de eerste ‘echte’ operationele internetsatellieten de ruimte in. Tegen 2024 wil SpaceX alle satellieten van Project Starlink hebben gelanceerd.
Kostenplaatje? Zeker tien miljard dollar, maar volgens Musk moet die investering zich al snel terugbetalen. De markt is tientallen of zelfs honderden miljarden dollars per jaar waard, schat SpaceX. En die markt zal alleen maar groeien als steeds meer mensen online zijn. En zo hoopt Musk dat de hele wereld uiteindelijk mee zijn ultieme droom zal financieren: een kolonie op Mars. Aha, zo zit dat.
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Bright Flaming Object Flies Over Belarus
Bright Flaming Object Flies Over Belarus
This video was captured on February 17, 2018 in Belarus between Minsk and Soligorsk, with a iPhone X.
The people in the car had no explanation of the event, if it was a fighter-plane, it would have been to low and the flame-size is too big for a fighter.
Humans would rather come in contact with aliens than with artificial life made on Earth, a team of researchers has found. They also say that despite the prevalence of movies and TV shows depicting aliens as malevolent creatures, people might react well to a discovery of extraterrestrial life.
The findings are published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology and are based upon an analysis of responses to hypothetical reports of alien discoveries — specifically microscopic life as opposed to intelligent life — and real newspaper stories that discussed potential discoveries in the past.
According to the study, people predicted that they as individuals would take the news better than the rest of humanity.
They also had better “responses to reading an actual announcement of the discovery of extraterrestrial microbial life … than responses to reading an actual announcement of the creation of man-made synthetic life” in a laboratory. That conclusion came from a comparison of how subjects reacted to an article about Martian microbes and how they reacted to one about artificial life. The people were more receptive to the former, revealing something about how people view organic life forms and how they view synthetic life.
“Taken together, this work suggests that our reactions to a future confirmed discovery of microbial extraterrestrial life are likely to be fairly positive,” the researchers wrote in their paper.
Are we alone in the universe? Scientists say humans would probably respond well to the discovery of extraterrestrial life.
Photo: CC0 Creative Commons
In addition to gauging people’s reactions to reading newspaper stories about aliens, the scientists analyzed language used in articles and reported that the coverage was associated mostly with positive emotions rather than negative ones.
Among the real articles on possible alien discoveries were stories about fossilized microbes on Mars, unexplained activity around a star and the existence of Earth-like planets in another solar system.
“If we came face to face with life outside of Earth, we would actually be pretty upbeat about it,” researcher Michael Varnum said in a statement from Arizona State University. “So far, there’s been a lot of speculation about how we might respond to this kind of news, but until now, almost no systematic empirical research.”
According to the study, there could be many factors behind how people respond to alien life, including their religious views and whether they would take comfort in knowing that Earth’s life forms are not alone in the universe.
“Perhaps it speaks to their desire for novelty,” the paper says. “At present, we do not know the mechanisms by which this effect occurs, and we encourage future researchers to test these and other possibilities.”
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19-02-2018 om 01:40
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Ancient Aliens – Beyond Roswell
Ancient Aliens – Beyond Roswell
The U.S. military has long denied that the infamous 1947 Roswell crash was anything other than a weather balloon, but FBI files released in 2011 include a memo to J. Edgar Hoover regarding the recovery of not one, but three “flying saucers.” Could the U.S. government really have extraterrestrial crafts in their possession?
Ancient Astronaut theorists say yes, and claim that Roswell is just the tip of the iceberg. Over a dozen other UFO crashes were reported all across the world around the same time as Roswell, and it is rumored that the wreckage from these incidents was retrieved and hidden away at secret military bases like Area 51 in Nevada, Kapustin Yar in Russia, Pine Gap in Australia, Rudloe Manor in England, and even in the remote hills of China. But if true, what happened to these alien spaceships?
Roswell UFO incident
In mid-1947, a United States Army Air Forces balloon crashed at a ranch near Roswell, New Mexico. Following wide initial interest in the crashed “flying disc”, the US military stated that it was merely a conventional weather balloon. Interest subsequently waned until the late 1970s, when ufologists began promoting a variety of increasingly elaborate conspiracy theories, claiming that one or more alien spacecraft had crash-landed, and that the extraterrestrial occupants had been recovered by the military, who then engaged in a cover-up.
In the 1990s, the US military published two reports disclosing the true nature of the crashed object: a nuclear test surveillance balloon from Project Mogul. Nevertheless, the Roswell incident continues to be of interest in popular media, and conspiracy theories surrounding the event persist. Roswell has been described as “the world’s most famous, most exhaustively investigated, and most thoroughly debunked UFO claim”.
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19-02-2018 om 01:29
geschreven door peter
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Researchers Find Thousand-Year-Old Pyramid City In The Heart Of Mexico
Researchers Find Thousand-Year-Old Pyramid City In The Heart Of Mexico
Researchers have made a sensational discovery in Mexico, as they have uncovered the remains of an ancient Pyramid city as densely built as Manhattan. During its peak, this ancient city is believed to have been inhabited by more than 100,000 people.
Using state-of-the-art laser technology; users discovered the lost city of Angamuco, built by the ancient Purepecha people, a rival culture of the ancient Azteca.
The recently uncovered archaeological site had 26 square kilometers and remained hidden for several centuries as dense vegetation devoured it.
Seen here are examples of sunken plazas, patios, and related features in Angamuco.
Photograph: C Fisher
LiDAR—Making Archaeology great again
Since 2011, a group of researchers has used laser scanning technology called LiDAR to examine the remains of an ancient metropolis called Angamuco, established during 900 AD on the shores of Lake Pátzcuaro, in the Mexican state of Michoacán.
‘To think that this massive city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is kind of amazing,’ said Chris Fisher, professor of anthropology at CSU who made the admission of missing the finding on foot.
LiDAR technology is helping archaeologists around the globe make unprecedented discoveries. Using traditional methods of on-the-ground archaeological surveys would take 20 years to assemble as much data as two days using the laser-based technique, note experts.
One of Angamuco’s ‘neighbourhoods’, revealed using LiDAR technology.
Photograph: C Fisher
LiDAR can help researchers see what the naked eye can’t, thanks to the technologies ability to penetrate through thick layers of vegetation.
The technology offers researchers a new set of eyes, allowing them to see what they’d never see without it. In fact, after seeing the results of the scan, one of the team members realized that he had walked within 10 meters of one of the most massive pyramids of the ancient city of Angamuco, without even realizing it, since the pyramids—and entire city—are covered in thick layers of vegetation.
‘If you do the math, all of a sudden you are talking about 40,000 building foundations up there, which is [about] the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan.’
In an interview, Fisher said that thanks to LiDAR they have discovered that “more than 100,000 people inhabited the city of Angamuco during its peak, which occurred between the year 1,000 and 1,350 AD. We are talking about the fact that this metropolis is the largest metropolis that, until now, is known in western Mexico during this period.”
The discoveries have helped researchers understand that pre-Columbian Mesoamerica was ‘significantly more densely populated at the time of European contact’ than previously thought.
The researcher from Colorado State University said that “Angamuco was a large settlement that had many people and a lot of architectural remains.”
He added: “Some estimates of our studies show that there may have been more than 40,000 buildings, that is, the same number of buildings that are currently on the island of Manhattan, in New York.”
Seen here is the city of Angamuco, which was inhabited by more than 100,000 people during its peak.
Photograph: C Fisher
Between the 15th and 16th centuries, the Purépecha empire, with capital in Tzintzuntzan, was a Mesoamerican power that resisted the push of the Mexica Empire.
This ancient culture encompassed the southern part of the state of Guanajuato, much of the state of Michoacán and the northern region of the state of Guerrero to the south of the State of Mexico.
Its military and economic success were due, in part, to the fact that the Purépechas were skilled metal workers in both gold and copper, which undoubtedly helped maintain their independence from the Aztecs.
The ancient Purépechas were exclusive speakers of the Purepecha language, an isolated language that has no proven historical relationship with any other in the region.
The most famous source of information about the Purépechas is the Michoacán relation written by Fray Jerónimo de Alcalá for Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza around 1540.
GOING LONG Starting around 1300, high-ranking members of a pre-Inca population increasingly had their heads bound into a narrow, elongated shape during infancy, a researcher says.
M. VELASCO/CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2018
Bigwigs in a more than 600-year-old South American population were easy to spot. Their artificially elongated, teardrop-shaped heads screamed prestige, a new study finds.
During the 300 years before the Incas’ arrival in 1450, intentional head shaping among prominent members of the Collagua ethnic community in Peru increasingly centered on a stretched-out look, says bioarchaeologist Matthew Velasco of Cornell University. Having long, narrow noggins cemented bonds among members of a power elite — a unity that may have helped pave a relatively peaceful incorporation into the Incan Empire, Velasco proposes in the February Current Anthropology.
“Increasingly uniform head shapes may have encouraged a collective identity and political unity among Collagua elites,” Velasco says. These Collagua leaders may have negotiated ways to coexist with the encroaching Inca rather than fight them, he speculates. But the fate of the Collaguas and a neighboring population, the Cavanas, remains hazy. Those populations lived during a conflict-ridden time — after the collapse of two major Andean societies around 1100 (SN: 8/1/09, p. 16) and before the expansion of the Inca Empire starting in the 15th century.
For at least the past several thousand years, human groups in various parts of the world have intentionally modified skull shapes by wrapping infants’ heads with cloth or binding the head between two pieces of wood (SN: 4/29/17, p. 18). Researchers generally assume that this practice signified membership in ethnic or kin groups, or perhaps social rank.
HEADY BURIALS In southeastern Peru, structures at the base of a cliff contained the bodies of presumably high-ranking members of a pre-Inca-era population known as the Collagua. These individuals gradually adopted a style of intentional head shaping that resulted in many of them having long, narrow noggins, a new study finds.
DAVID RODRÍGUEZ SOTOMAYOR
The Callagua people lived in Colca Valley in southeastern Peru and raised alpaca for wool. By tracking Collagua skull shapes over 300 years, Velasco found that elongated skulls became increasingly linked to high social status. By the 1300s, for instance, Collagua women with deliberately distended heads suffered much less skull damage from physical attacks than other females did, he reports. Chemical analyses of bones indicates that long-headed women ate a particularly wide variety of foods.
Until now, knowledge of head-shaping practices in ancient Peru primarily came from Spanish accounts written in the 1500s. Those documents referred to tall, thin heads among Collaguas and wide, long heads among Cavanas, implying that a single shape had always characterized each group.
“Velasco has discovered that the practice of cranial modification was much more dynamic over time and across social [groups],” says bioarchaeologist Deborah Blom of the University of Vermont in Burlington.
Velasco examined 211 skulls of mummified humans interred in either of two Collagua cemeteries. Burial structures built against a cliff face were probably reserved for high-ranking individuals, whereas common burial grounds in several caves and under nearby rocky overhangs belonged to regular folk.
SHAPING UP About 300 years before the Inca arrived, low-ranking members of the Collagua people sometimes had their heads flattened at the back during infancy (left). More often, their heads were not modified (right).
M. VELASCO/CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2018
Radiocarbon analyses of 13 bone and sediment samples allowed Velasco to sort Collagua skulls into early and late pre-Inca groups. A total of 97 skulls, including all 76 found in common burial grounds, belonged to the early group, which dated to between 1150 and 1300. Among these skulls, 38 — or about 39 percent — had been intentionally modified. Head shapes included sharply and slightly elongated forms as well as skulls compressed into wide, squat configurations.
Of the 14 skulls with extreme elongation, 13 came from low-ranking individuals, a pattern that might suggest regular folk first adopted elongated head shapes. But with only 21 skulls from elites, the finding may underestimate the early frequency of elongated heads among the high-status crowd. Various local groups may have adopted their own styles of head modification at that time, Velasco suggests.
In contrast, among 114 skulls from elite burial sites in the late pre-Inca period, dating to between 1300 and 1450, 84 — or about 74 percent — displayed altered shapes. A large majority of those modified skulls — about 64 percent — were sharply elongated. Shortly before the Incas’ arrival, prominent Collaguas embraced an elongated style as their preferred head shape, Velasco says. No skeletal evidence has been found to determine whether low-ranking individuals also adopted elongated skulls as a signature look in the late pre-Inca period.
Nicolas Hud, director of the NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Hud will be a panelist at a press briefing "Asteroids for Research, Discovery, and Commerce" at 1 p.m. Central Time on Feb. 17 at the 2018 annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Credit: Fitrah Hamid, Georgia Tech
In popular culture, asteroids play the role of apocalyptic threat, get blamed for wiping out the dinosaurs - and offer an extraterrestrial source for mineral mining.
But for researcher Nicholas Hud, asteroids play an entirely different role: that of time capsules showing what molecules originally existed in our solar system. Having that information gives scientists the starting point they need to reconstruct the complex pathway that got life started on Earth.
Director of the NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Hud says finding molecules in asteroids provides the strongest evidence that such compounds were present on the Earth before life formed. Knowing what molecules were present helps establish the initial conditions that led to the formation of amino acids and related compounds that, in turn, came together to form peptides, small protein-like molecules that may have kicked off life on this planet.
"We can look to the asteroids to help us understand what chemistry is possible in the universe," said Hud. "It's important for us to study materials from asteroids and meteorites, the smaller versions of asteroids that fall to Earth, to test the validity of our models for how molecules in them could have helped give rise to life. We also need to catalog the molecules from asteroids and meteorites because there might be compounds there that we had not even considered important for starting life."
Hud will be a panelist at a press briefing "Asteroids for Research, Discovery, and Commerce" on February 17 at the 2018 annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Austin, Texas. He will also be part of a session on February 18 on the topic, "Seeking the Identity and Origins of the First Polymers of Life."
NASA scientists have been analyzing compounds found in asteroids and meteorites for decades, and their work provides a solid understanding for what might have been present when the Earth itself was formed, Hud says.
"If you model a prebiotic chemical reaction in the laboratory, scientists can argue about whether or not you had the right starting materials," said Hud. "Detection of a molecule in an asteroid or meteorite is about the only evidence everyone will accept for that molecule being prebiotic. It's something we can really lean on."
The Miller-Urey experiment, conducted in 1952 to simulate conditions believed to have existed on the early Earth, produced more than 20 different amino acids, organic compounds that are the building blocks for peptides. The experiment was kicked off by sparks inside a flask containing water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen, all materials believed to have existed in the atmosphere when the Earth was very young.
Since the Miller-Urey experiment, scientists have demonstrated the feasibility of other chemical pathways to amino acids and compounds necessary for life. In Hud's laboratory, for instance, researchers used cycles of alternating wet and dry conditions to create complex organic molecules over time. Under such conditions, amino acids and hydroxy acids, compounds that differ chemically by just a single atom, could have formed short peptides that led to the formation of larger and more complex molecules - ultimately exhibiting properties that we now associate with biological molecules.
"We now have a really good way to synthesize peptides with amino acids and hydroxy acids working together that could have been common on the early Earth," he said. "Even today, hydroxy acids are found with amino acids in living organisms - and in some meteorite samples that have been examined."
Hud believes there are many possible ways that the molecules of life could have formed. Life could have gotten started with molecules that are less sophisticated and less efficient than what we see today. Like life itself, these molecules could have evolved over time.
"What we find is that these compounds can form molecules that look a lot like modern peptides, except in the backbone that is holding the units together," said Hud. "The overall structure can be very similar and would be easier to make, though it doesn't have the ability to fold into as complex structures as modern proteins. There is a tradeoff between the simplicity of forming these molecules and how close these molecules are to those found in contemporary life."
Geologists believe the Earth was very different billions of years ago. Instead of continents, there were islands protruding from the oceans. Even the sun was different, producing less light but more cosmic rays - which could have helped power the protein-forming chemical reactions.
"The islands could have been potential incubators for life, with molecules raining down from the atmosphere," Hud said. "We think the key process that would have allowed these molecules to go to the next stage is a wet-dry cycling like what we are doing in the lab. That would have been perfect for an island out in the ocean."
Rather than a single spark of life, the molecules could have evolved slowly over time in gradual progression that may have taken place at different rates in different locations, perhaps simultaneously. Different components of cells, for example, may have developed separately where conditions favored them before they ultimately came together.
"There is something very special about peptides, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipids and their ability to work together to do something they couldn't have done separately," he said. "And there could have been any number of chemical processes on the early Earth that never led to life."
Knowing what conditions were like on the early Earth therefore gives scientists a stronger foundation for hypothesizing what could have taken place, and could offer hints to other pathways that may not have been considered yet.
"There are probably a lot more clues in the asteroids about what molecules were really there," said Hud. "We may not even know what we should be looking for in these asteroids, but by looking at what molecules we find, we can ask different and more questions about how they could have helped get life started."
Mars has long been the best candidate to find extraterrestrial life?
(Credit: NASA)
For well over 1,500 years, humanity accepted that Earth was the center of the solar system. After all, the Bible—which was the scientific authority at the time—said this was so.
Then along came Nicolaus Copernicus, who in the 16th century dared to challenge the church and mathematically described a solar system with the sun at its center. After his death, Galileo Galilei’s observations of heavenly bodies further supported the Copernican model. The Catholic Church, fearing such a finding undermined the supreme authority of the Bible, charged him with heresy. Galileo would be sentenced to life imprisonment, but was allowed to serve his sentence at home due to his declining health.
So often, institutions that wield incredible power loathe major paradigm shifts that could undermine their authority and ability to monopolize the truth. Informing the masses that everything they’ve been told is wrong, after all, could result in a social upheaval that tears society apart, at least the thinking goes.
Today, the world is still grappling with a haunting question: Are we alone in this infinite universe, or is life infinitely diverse throughout the universe? To date, we are still alone, but discovering extraterrestrial life would tie a definitive bow on that existential question. In other words, it would be a major paradigm shift. So if we finally determine that we are indeed not alone, will the very fabric of society tear apart?
Probably not.
In fact, humanity might embrace the news with open arms. That’s the conclusion from Michael Varnum, a psychology professor at Arizona State University who is also part of the university’s Interplanetary Initiative, a research group aimed at building a social framework for a future extraterrestrial society. Varnum took on one of the group’s pilot projects, which was to empirically answer one question: How will humankind react to the discovery of life off Earth?
It’s a question that few researchers have sought to study, but Varnum was up for the task.
“I’m a person who has been into science and sci-fi for some time,” he said.
A Few Case Studies
The Robertson Panel in 1953 warned of mass hysteria if alien life were confirmed. Twenty-five percent of Americans in a recent survey expected people to panic when we discover alien life. Orson Welles certainly didn’t supply any evidence that humanity would keep its cool (news of the subsequent panic may have been grossly exaggerated, however). But Varnum’s study indicates this all hyperbole. Reality would probably be far more mundane.
First off, it’s far more likely that we’ll discover microbes or “non-intelligent” alien life before we meet sentient otherworldly beings. So Varnum limited the scope of the study to human reactions to news that scientists confirmed microbial alien life exists.
They started with a preliminary contextual analysis, measuring the reactions to news that extraterrestrial life might exist. They included five primary “discovery” events: the 1967 discovery of pulsars, the 1977 “Wow!” signal, the 1996 discovery of fossilized microbes on Mars, the 2015 discovery of Tabby’s star, and the 2017 discovery of exoplanets in the habitable zone of a star.
They analyzed news coverage, government memos and press releases of the event to determine the percentage of words in each article that were positive, negative, reward or risk. Words describing positive affect were more prevalent that those describing negative affect. Their preliminary findings suggested that society’s overall reaction to news about alien life was positive, and more reward oriented.
They then turned to Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and asked 504 people to respond to a hypothetical situation: Imagine scientists just discovered microbial life outside of Earth. They were told to describe their reactions, as well as the reactions of other people. Again, people tended to be more positive. They repeated the experiment with a more concrete example: New York Times coverage of Bill Clinton’s 1996 announcement about Martian life, or Craig Venter’s 2010 announcement about synthetic life. Once again, alien life was viewed in a positive light.
“Positivity bias was stronger about extraterrestrial microbial life than synthetic life. There seems to be something especially positive about alien life,” says Varnum. He published results from the study this week in the journal Frontiers in Psychology.
We’re Cool With Alien Life
Of course, contextual analysis of hypothetical situations and past events can’t necessarily predict what will actually happen if we confirm life off the planet. But Varnum said Clinton’s announcement 22 years ago is about as good of a test case as any, and its ultimate effect on the world was a real shoulder-shrug.
“It didn’t cause a radical shift in the way people lived their lives. It didn’t cause people to abandon anything,” Varnum says. “Human beings have been through pretty powerful paradigm shifts, from not being in the center of the universe to Darwin’s evolution. In the past, people would be afraid of them. But the notion that a discovery like this will destabilize anything, as it turns out, is kind of silly.”
Varnum thinks that confirming life exists throughout the universe might be viewed positively because it provides some comfort for lonely Earthlings.
“At least for me, it makes me feel that if we were to confirm alien life, I would feel like the universe is a warmer place; that we aren’t out here all alone,” says Varnum.
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Underwater Extraterrestrial Civilizations Could Be Living On Other Worlds – Former NASA Scientist Says
Underwater Extraterrestrial Civilizations Could Be Living On Other Worlds – Former NASA Scientist Says
MessageToEagle.com – Most scientists have no doubt there are other intelligent beings in the universe, but why haven’t we found them yet?
One possibility, according to a former NASA scientist is because extraterrestrial civilizations are living at the bottom a frozen ocean on a distant water world.
The theory comes from Alan Stern, who now works at the Southwest Research Institute in Texas.
Some may say the theory is far-fetched, but considering we hardly know what is at the bottom of our oceans on Earth, it is impossible to reject the probability alien life can exist underwater elsewhere.
Extraterrestrial Civilizations Living Underwater Are Safer
According to Stern there are several benefits of creating underwater habitats.
Aliens living underwater would be protected them from exploding stars, spikes of space radiation or other natural disasters. So, it’s a safe environment.
During a speech at the 2017 Division for Planetary Sciences some days ago, Stern discussed the Fermi paradox and elaborated on why we haven’t found aliens when it’s so likely that they exist somewhere in our gigantic universe.
“Many possible explanations [to this paradox] have been proffered,” Stern wrote.
“We suggest another — namely that the great majority of worlds with biology and civilizations are water ocean worlds.”
Sterns thinks it’s likely alien water worlds can be extremely cold. This would mean an underwater extraterrestrial civilization must probably be living beneath a thick crust of ice that makes it impossible for us to contact them.
“Water worlds are naturally cut off from communication by their interior nature below a thick roof of ice or rock and ice, therefore do not easily reveal themselves,” he said.
Will Alien Underwater Beings Resemble Fish?
Many think that alien underwater creatures would resemble fish, but this doesn’t have to be the case.
Dr Fergus Simpson from the Institute of Cosmos Sciences at the University of Barcelona used a complex form of maths called Bayesian probability to predict the surface of most planets is likely to more than 90 per cent covered in water.
Bizarre jellyfish-like beings dreamt up by British scientist Dr Maggie Alderin-Pocock Photo: Eden’s Science Month/PA
According to Dr. Simpson fish-like aliens are unlikely to be very advanced.
“The main reason I’m skeptical about there being lots of intelligent underwater alien species is that I think it’s harder for aquatic creatures like dolphins to use tools or build a fire.”
Speculating in what advanced alien species look like can be funny and who knows what creatures are out there. Some scientists suggested aliens can resemble giant jell-fish and there are those who say our alien neighbors will look like humans. We really don’t know.
Miguel Carvajal projects a laser on the red moon during a lunar eclipse seen over Mamayuta Observatory in Chile.CARLOS BARRIA/REUTERS
Scientists propose there are three “magic wavelengths” of visible light that extraterrestrial civilizations could use to contact Earth: deep purple, deep red and yellow.
When the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Life (SETI) began in 1960, it focused on eking out radio frequencies that alien civilizations could be sending as beacons of their existence. More recently, scientists have taken a new approach in the search for extraterrestrial life: scanning the sky for laser light.
This process, known as OSETI (the Optical Search for Extraterrestrial Life) looks for light within the visible spectrum, whereas Radio SETI looks on the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains radio waves and microwaves, which are invisible to the human eye.
In a paper in New Astronomy, Shinya Narusawa and his colleagues at the University of Hyogo lay out three likely visible wavelengths through which alien civilizations might contact Earth. While they acknowledge that “higher evolved civilizations” might have greater technological capabilities, for "the strength of argument," Narusawa and his team focused on the hypothetical situation of a planet as advanced as Earth trying to make contact.
The surface of Jupiter's moon Europa.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SETI INSTITUTE
Looking at the kind of laser technology we have access to, the team makes the case that alien civilizations would try to signal their existence through a deep-purple, yellow or deep-red light. The researchers arrived at the wavelengths that correspond to these colors partly through a process of elimination, zeroing in on "solid-state lasers" as the most likely candidates. Of the wavelengths of light these lasers would use, the researchers propose that our outer space counterparts would try to signal us at wavelengths frequently observed in the sky.
It is in some ways easier to send frequencies by radio, for which “magical frequencies”—the one aliens would mostly likely use—have already been proposed. But there are some clear advantages to laser light over signals from the microwave and radio end of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light can convey vast amounts of information and experiences less interference than radio waves as it travels through space. More importantly, sudden spikes of visible spectrum light are pretty rare (not the case with microwave). That means all it would take is one short pulse from a far-off planet to give reason to believe we might have something.
So, somewhere out there, if a planet like our own is trying to reach us with a beam of light, we have a better idea of what colors to look for.
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