Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
27-05-2018
Does Planet Nine exist? Astronomers point to new evidence
Does Planet Nine exist? Astronomers point to new evidence
A new study concludes that a large, as-yet-unknown Planet Nine – an estimated 4 times the size of Earth and 10 times its mass – is influencing the behavior of an oddball object in the outer solar system.
Diagram depicting the orbit of 2015 BP519 (Caju), which has the highest inclination of any extreme trans-Neptunian object discovered to date. Its unusual perpendicular orbit may be evidence for Planet Nine.
Is there a ninth major planet lurking in the outer reaches of our solar system? This question has become one of the most hotly debated in planetary science. The idea of a large, unknown Planet Nine residing so far from the sun that it hasn’t yet been discovered is certainly tantalizing. So far, there’ve been hints as to its existence, but no confirmation yet. We might be getting closer to finding it, however. Last week, an international team of researchers presented additional evidence, detailed in a new study, suggesting that Planet Nine is influencing the behavior of an oddball object – 2015 BP519 (aka Caju) – in the outer solar system.
Astronomers at Caltech had previously calculated the likely existence of a large ninth planet (sorry, Pluto) in the outer fringes of the solar system, based on the orbits of smaller icy objects. Their orbits were being perturbed by the gravitational influence of … something.
According to the astronomers’ calculations, the as-yet-undiscovered planet should be about four times the size of Earth and 10 times its mass. That would make it similar to super-Earth exoplanets found orbiting other stars. And that would be interesting, since many super-Earths have now been discovered, although there were none to be seen in our own solar system. But maybe there is one after all, so far from the sun that it has remained hidden.
Such a discovery would be very exciting, since super-Earths are larger than Earth but smaller than Uranus or Neptune, different from anything else in our solar system. If a large Planet Nine is there, it is very far away, much farther than Pluto. If it exists, it likely takes about 10,000 to 20,000 years to complete one orbit around the sun.
Planet Nine may be a super-Earth, a type of exoplanet found orbiting many stars. They are rocky and larger than Earth, but smaller than Uranus or Neptune.
Image via NASA/JPL.
Astronomers first discovered 2015 BP519 (Caju) three years ago. It is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO), which, generally speaking, are minor planets orbiting the sun beyond the orbit of Neptune. Caju is one of only a dozen or so known objects that are categorized as extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs). Such objects have a semi-major axis greater than 150 astronomical units (AU) and a perihelion – closest point to the sun – greater than 30 AU. Caju’s estimated diameter is 248-434 miles (400-700 km), making it a potential dwarf planet. So it is a very interesting object.
What’s more, since its discovery, further analysis has shown that Caju has an unusual orbit, which lies almost perpendicular to all the known planets. In fact, Caju has the highest inclination of any TNO discovered so far.
Amazingly, just such an object had been predicted by computer models performed by the team searching for Planet Nine. Caltech astronomer Mike Brown, who wasn’t part of the new study, but who is active in Planet Nine research, told PopSci.com on May 22, 2018:
I’m pretty excited about the new object. It is the predicted link between the very distant elongated orbits that we’ve known about and the much closer tilted orbits that we’ve seen.
Thus Caju adds to a growing body of evidence for the elusive Planet Nine, which – if really there – still remains out of sight for astronomers. Astronomer Konstantin Batygin – who, along with Brown, first gave Planet Nine a name, size and distance – told Space.com on May 21 that, as of October 2017, there were at least five lines of evidence pointing to Planet Nine’s existence. Earlier, in 2017, astronomers had found evidence that 22 other TNOs seemed to have their orbits perturbed by another large unseen planet. Batygin said:
If you were to remove this explanation and imagine Planet Nine does not exist, then you generate more problems than you solve. All of a sudden, you have five different puzzles, and you must come up with five different theories to explain them.
Illustration showing the hypothesized orbit of Planet Nine along with the known orbits of several TNOs.
Image via R. Hurt/JPL-Caltech.
Bottom line: While Planet Nine still hasn’t been confirmed, the evidence is growing that just maybe, an as-yet-unseen large planet does indeed prowl the desolate outer fringes of our solar system.
US Intelligence Indirectly Confirms Existence of Russia's Hypersonic Weapons
US Intelligence Indirectly Confirms Existence of Russia's Hypersonic Weapons
Sources with direct knowledge of US intelligence reports say Russia is on the brink of developing a maneuverable, hypersonic nuclear-capable glider warhead that no US system can defeat.
The sources, speaking to CNBC on condition of anonymity, reported that Russia tested a nuclear-capable hypersonic glide vehicle (presumably the Avangard) twice in 2016, and again in 2017. The 2017 test was a failure, according to the sources. A fourth test is expected sometime this summer.
Citing an intelligence report, a source said the hypersonic glider's testing involved mounting it to an RS-18A intercontinental ballistic missile (NATO reporting name SS-19).
US intelligence says the vehicle is highly maneuverable, and thus unpredictable and hard to track. It is also fitted with onboard countermeasures, which no existing US missile-defense system can defeat. Furthermore, although it can carry a warhead, it is believed that the force of the glider's impact, as well as its precision, may be enough to destroy targets.
The intelligence reports, allegedly created this past spring, calculate that the Avangard will likely be operational by 2020, according to CNBC's sources.
The news site doesn't specify whether the reports were released before or after President Putin's unveiling of of cutting-edge new Russian missile systems in a speech to lawmakers on March 1. Putin confirmed the existence of a hypersonic glider, dubbed the Avangard, as well as the Kinzhal air-launched hypersonic missile, an unnamed nuclear-powered cruise missile, and an unnamed sub-launched nuclear-powered submersible drone.
Putin said these systems, which are nearly operational, were aimed at guaranteeing Russian security amid the US withdrawal from the ABM Treaty, and NATO's continual expansion along Russia's western borders. The Kinzhal hypersonic missile appeared at the 2018 Victory Day parade in Moscow.
In late March, Strategic Command commander Gen. John Hyten told Congress that there was nothing in the Pentagon's arsenal capable of stopping Russia's new hypersonic weapons. Hyten confirmed that the United States was watching both Russia and China's hypersonic capabilities closely.
On Tuesday, President Putin confirmed that 14 missile regiments would receive the new Yars ICBM system to replace the Topol before the end of the year. The Aerospace Forces will also get upgraded Tu-95MS and Tu-160 missile-carrying bombers armed with Kh-101 and Kh-102 long-range conventional and nuclear missiles, according to the president. Putin also urged the defense sector to prepare for the manufacture of the new S-500 anti-ballistic missile system, assumed to be capable of intercepting targets, including satellites, in near space. The new equipment is set to arrive despite a 20 percent cut in Russia's defense spending between 2016 and 2017, from about $65.4 billion, to about $48 billion per year.
The US is engaged in its own military modernization, with nuclear modernization alone expected to cost some $1.2 trillion through to 2046. President Trump proposed increasing the 2019 fiscal year budget to $681.1 billion.
Zealous Ufologist Says Extraterrestrials are Sabotaging Nukes to Stop Apocalypse
Zealous Ufologist Says Extraterrestrials are Sabotaging Nukes to Stop Apocalypse
Conspiracy theorists have long suspected that the world’s governments are managing secret extraterrestrial projects, and last December’s report on the Pentagon’s black budget study of UFOs fanned the flames of conspiracy.
A ufologist, who preferred to remain anonymous, took to the website Alien Revelations to claim that aliens are seeking to stop humans from using nuclear weapons, “because we simply cannot be trusted with such massive power.”
The author recalled former US Air Force Lieutenant Bob Jacobs’ interview on the Larry King show a few years ago when he claimed that his superiors had warned him to remain silent about having seen a UFO at the Vandenberg Air Force Base.
His seniors, however, were not as excited about the alleged sighting of an unidentified flying object, saying “this didn’t happen,” but many ufologists say UFO encounters often occur around nuclear bases.
According to another website, Collective-Evolution, a similar incident happened at the Malmstrom Air Force Base.
“This occurred in March of 1967 at a base that was responsible for a large amount of nuclear weapons. Witnesses here saw a red, glowing UFO hovering just outside the front gate. After that happened, all of the nuclear missiles shut down, and went completely dead.”
The ufologist said it wouldn’t be “surprising” if extraterrestrials were trying to prevent the apocalypse by creating obstacles for human nuclear experiments.
“We observed the UFOs were very interested in the nuclear weapons manufacturing facilities. A couple of nuclear weapons that were sent out into space were destroyed by the extraterrestrials. At the very end of the 70s and early 80s, we attempted to put a nuclear weapon on the moon and explode it for scientific measurements. They destroyed the weapon before it got to the moon.”
Despite all theories, NASA has always denied the existence of alien life.
“The only life we know about is on Earth. NASA is always looking for life out there, and when we find it, we will tell you,” Paul Hertz, Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington, stated last year.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Ufoloog zegt dat buitenaardsen kernwapens saboteren om apocalyps te voorkomen. Heeft hij gelijk?
Ufoloog zegt dat buitenaardsen kernwapens saboteren om apocalyps te voorkomen. Heeft hij gelijk?
Complottheoretici vermoeden al heel lang dat overheden in het geheim onderzoek doen naar buitenaards leven. In december vorig jaar kregen ze gelijk, toen bleek dat het Pentagon een geheim UFO-project runde.
Een ufoloog heeft nu op de website Alien Revelations geclaimd dat aliens proberen te voorkomen dat mensen kernwapens gebruiken, schrijft persbureau Sputnik.
De auteur verwees naar een interview met luchtmachtluitenant Bob Jacobs tijdens de show van Larry King enkele jaren geleden waarin hij zei dat hij van zijn bazen opdracht had gekregen om zijn mond te houden over een UFO die hij had gezien vanaf vliegbasis Vandenberg.
Uitgeschakeld
“Dit is nooit gebeurd,” zeiden ze, maar volgens veel ufologen worden er vaak UFO’s waargenomen in de buurt van kernbases.
De website Collective Evolution verwijst naar een incident op Malmstrom Air Force Base, waar in maart 1967 een rode UFO boven de ingang verscheen.
Kort daarop werden alle kernkoppen uitgeschakeld en waren ze niet meer inzetbaar, verklaarde officier Robert Salas, die op dat moment op de basis was gestationeerd.
Apocalyps
De ufoloog zei dat hij niet verbaasd zou zijn als bleek dat buitenaardsen de apocalyps proberen te voorkomen door mensen ervan te weerhouden kernwapens in te zetten.
“De UFO’s waren zeer geïnteresseerd in plekken waar kernwapens werden gemaakt,” klonk het. “Kernwapens die de ruimte zijn ingeschoten, zijn vernietigd door buitenaardsen.”
Maan
“In de jaren zeven en tachtig probeerden we een kernproef te doen op de maan,” vervolgde hij. “Ze vernietigden het wapen voordat het de maan kon bereiken.”
NASA heeft het bestaan van buitenaards leven altijd ontkend.
One of the biggest stories in UFO research over the last year has been the revelation that the Pentagon has recently been funding recent research in anomalous aerial phenomena to the tune of $22 million a year. Claims of government involvement in UFO research are nothing new in ufology circles, but the scope of the publicly-acknowledged program and the accompanying allegedly declassified videos of military vehicles tracking strange, incredibly agile objects in the sky were enough to make some skeptics wonder if indeed the government might know a lot more about unidentified aerial phenomena than they let on.
The U.S. government’s interest might not just stop at aerial phenomena, however. A new trove of documents obtained by KLAS-TV in Las Vegas seem to reveal that the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) has conducted extensive research in fringe science, touching upon phenomena usually only discussed in paranormal circles. The report, titled “Warp Drive, Dark Energy, and the Manipulation of Extra Dimensions,” seems to indicate that the defense industry might indeed have a keen interest in the higher mysterious of our physical reality itself. Does their interest stop at theoretical research, or could the U.S. military actually be manipulating the fabric of space time?
Probably not yet, especially given recent tests of the supposed EM Drive warp engine. The report does seem to suggest that the DIA’s interest in these topics all center around the explore reach far corners of interstellar space:
The idea that а sufficiently advanced technology may interact with, and acquire direct control over, the higher dimensions is а tantalizing possibility, and one that is most certainly worthy of deeper iпvestigation. Control of this higher dimeпsional space may bе а source of technological control оvег the dark energy density and could ultimately play а role in the development of exotic pгopulsion technologies; specifically, а warp drive.
Exactly why the DIA is interested in space travel is unknown. The report ultimately doesn’t reveal any black budget secret research projects into space-time-bending technologies, but does suggest that the military-industrial complex is tantalized by several current developments in quantum physics:
Of course, this may not bе actualized until many years in the future, but consider the many spectacular physical phenomena that are believed to bе true at this early point in the 21st century. One also believes that the universe may not consist of the three spatial dimension of length, breadth, width, and one of time, but that, in fact, there mау bе as many as seven additional compactified dimensions assuming the topology of а Calabi-Yau manifold, апd that the fundamental building blocks of the universe are, in fact, extended string-like entities.
In science fiction, it’s often the military who accidentally opens a dimensional rift in an attempt to travel to a far away star system, allowing untold horrors to pour through into our plane. Does this report such an incident might be in our near future? While it might sound fantastic, the report concludes with the sentiment that “it seems entirely possible that the creative minds of the future may indeed find ways to accomplish what, to us, may seem like magic.” Make your peace with the Great Old Ones now before it’s too late. Ph’nglui mglw’nafh Cthulhu R’lyeh wgah’nagl fhtagn.
Just recently I wrote an article titled “A factual object of very unusual nature.” It served to demonstrate that, contrary to what some have said, the U.S. Freedom of Information Act has led to the release of genuinely intriguing UFO reports. It’s certainly not the case that all the “good” reports remain hidden behind closed doors. Yes, many probably do remain classified. But, that does not take away the fact that there are some fascinating, once-classified, files on UFOs in the public domain. Today, I’m focusing on some of the files that the British Government declassified back in the 1980s. They too demonstrate – to an amazing degree – that at times government agencies are prepared to reveal to us accounts of a very extraordinary type.
In September 1952, a notable UFO encounter occurred at Royal Air Force Topcliffe, a military base in Yorkshire, England. One of the witnesses, Flight Lieutenant John Kilburn, said of the incident: “Sir, I have the honor to report the following incident which I witnessed on Friday, 19th September, 1952. I was standing with four other aircrew personnel of No. 269 Squadron watching a Meteor fighter gradually descending. The Meteor was at approximately 5000 feet and approaching from the east. [Flight Officer R.N.] Paris suddenly noticed a white object in the sky at a height between ten and twenty thousand feet some five miles astern of the Meteor.”
Raptors
“The object was silver in color and circular in shape, it appeared to be traveling at a much slower speed than the Meteor but was on a similar course. It maintained the slow forward speed for a few seconds before commencing to descend, swinging in a pendular motion during descent similar to a falling sycamore leaf…After a few seconds, the object stopped its pendulous motion and its descent and began to rotate about its own axis.
“Suddenly it accelerated at an incredible speed towards the west turning onto a south-easterly heading before disappearing. All this occurred in a matter of fifteen to twenty seconds. The movements of the object were not identifiable with anything I have seen in the air and the rate of acceleration was unbelievable.”
Five years later, specifically on March 26, 1957, there was yet another amazing encounter. And again the U.K. Government handed over the files to ufologists – and with not a hassle in sight. The document states in part: “A report was received from Royal Air Force Church Lawford on 26th March, 1957 of a sighting of an unusual nature. The object moved at a speed timed at exceeding 1400mph. This in itself was unusual as the object had accelerated to this speed from a stationary position. No explanation has yet been found for this sighting but a supplementary report, including a copy of the radar plot, was requested and has been received from Church Lawford this afternoon.”
A little more than a week later, there was yet another incredible encounter. April 4, 1957 was the date on which an extraordinary wave of UFO activity occurred in Scotland, much of it involving the staff of a military facility called Royal Air Force West Freugh. Nothing less than a squadron of huge, unknown aircraft were recorded flying in the U.K.’s airspace. The Air Ministry ruled out a convention explanation. Instead, as the now-declassified files show, the Air Ministry was of the opinion that…
Typhoon FGR4
“It is deduced from these reports that altogether five objects were detected by the three radars. Nothing can be said of physical construction except that they must have been either of considerable size or else constructed to be especially good reflectors. There were not known to be any aircraft in the vicinity nor were there any meteorological balloons. Even if balloons had been in the area these would not account for the sudden change of direction and the movement at high speed against the prevailing wind.The incident was due to the presence of five reflecting objects of unknown type and origin. It is considered unlikely that they were conventional aircraft, meteorological balloons or charged clouds.”
Of course, this is an extraordinary revelation. And when the files were declassified back in the late 1980s, more than a few U.K. ufologists were surprised by the government’s decision to release them, particularly given the fact that their content practically screamed out that UFOs were real.
If anyone ever tells you that governments always hold back all the “good stuff,” you can tell them they’re wrong.
Skywatcher Films Rare Red Sprites In The Sky Above Oklahoma
Skywatcher Films Rare Red Sprites In The Sky Above Oklahoma
Paul Smith captured images of a rare sky phenomenon called red sprites in Oklahoma, on May 24, 2018 and states: "Lots of TLEs from Oklahoma tonight and his one stands out as my best to date. 12.55am/6:55 UTC 5/24/2018 looking WNW from north Edmond, Oklahoma. It even has the blue/purple ends on the tendrils."
Credit image: Paul Smith.
Paul finds it very curious that TLEs were only first documented relatively recently - red sprites in particular, once considered rare, are now being recorded with increasing regularity.
And as storms passed by to the NW, Paul recorded another sprite lightning event up close in all it's glory. The clip really illustrates the electrical connection of the phenomena- how it flickers looks very electrical in nature to me. First is real time then slowed down 10 times.
Credit image: Paul Smith.
'TLE' stands for Transient Luminous Event, which includes upper-atmosphere electric phenomena known as sprites, jets and ELVES. These high-altitude discharges were once considered to 'possibly occur' because pilots reported seeing them, but meteorologists discounted the idea until 1989 when the first visual documentation was made in support of the claims.
Clearly, great changes are occurring on our planet. And not just on our planet.
In this image of the giant asteroid Vesta obtained by NASA's Dawn spacecraft, numerous impact craters illustrate the asteroid's violent youth.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA
Vesta is the second most massive body in the asteroid belt, surpassed only by Ceres, which is classified as a dwarf planet. The brightest asteroid in the sky, Vesta is occasionally visible from Earth with the naked eye. It is the first asteroid to be visited by a spacecraft. The Dawn mission orbited Vesta in 2011, providing new insights into this rocky world.
Celestial Police
In 1596, while determining the elliptical shape of planetary orbits, Johannes Kepler came to believe that a planet should exist in the gap between Mars and Jupiter. Mathematical calculations by Johann Daniel Titius and Johann Elert Bode in 1772 — later known as the Titius-Bode law — seemed to support this prediction. In August 1798, a group known as the Celestial Police formed to search for this missing planet. Among these was German astronomer Heinrich Olbers. Olbers discovered the second known asteroid, Pallas. In a letter to a fellow astronomer, he put forth the first theory of asteroid origin. He wrote, "Could it be that Ceres and Pallas are just a pair of fragments … of a once greater planet which at one time occupied its proper place between Mars and Jupiter?"
Olbers reasoned that the fragments of such a planet would intersect at the point of the explosion, and again in the orbit directly opposite. He observed these two areas nightly, and on March 29, 1807, discovered Vesta, becoming the first person to discover two asteroids. After measuring several nights' worth of observations, Olbers sent his calculations to mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss, who remarkably computed the orbit of Pallas in only 10 hours. As such, he was given the honor of naming the new body. He chose the name Vesta, goddess of the hearth, and sister to Ceres. [Photos: Asteroid Vesta and NASA's Dawn Spacecraft]
Physical characteristics of Vesta
Vesta is unique among asteroids in that it has light and dark patches on the surface, much like the moon. Ground-based observations determined that the asteroid has basaltic regions, meaning that lava once flowed across its surface. It has an irregular shape, roughly that of an oblate spheroid (in nontechnical terms, a somewhat smooshed sphere).
Diameter: 329 miles (530 kilometers)
Mass: 5.886 X 1020 lbs. (2.67 x 1020 kilograms)
Temperature: 85 to 255 K (minus 306 to 0 degrees Fahrenheit / minus 188 to minus 18 degrees Celsius)
Albedo: 0.4322
Rotation period: 5.342 hours
Orbital period: 3.63 years
Eccentricity: .0886
Aphelion: 2.57 AU
Perihelion: 2.15 AU
Closest approach to Earth: 1.14 AU
Surface, composition and formation
When Vesta made a close approach to Earth in 1996, the Hubble Space Telescope mapped its topographic surface and features. This revealed a large crater at the south pole that slices into its interior. The crater averages 460 km in diameter — remember: Vesta itself is only 530 km across. It cuts an average of 13 km into the crust, and most likely formed from an impact in the asteroid's early life. The material ejected from this collision resulted in a number of smaller — Vestoid — asteroids that orbit near their parent, as well as some of the meteorites that have crashed into Earth.
Unlike most asteroids, the interior of Vesta is differentiated. Like the terrestrial planets, the asteroid has a crust of cooled lava covering a rocky mantle and an iron and nickel core. This lends credence to the argument for naming Vesta as a protoplanet, rather than as an asteroid.
Vesta's core accreted rapidly within the first 10 million years after the formation of the solar system. The basaltic crust of Vesta also formed quickly, over the course of a few million years. Volcanic eruptions on the surface stemmed from the mantle, lasting anywhere from 8 to 60 hours. The lava flows themselves ranged from a few hundred meters to several kilometers, with a thickness between 5 to 20 meters. The lava itself cooled rapidly, only to be buried again by more lava until the crust was complete. Dawn's gravity put its core at about 18 percent of Vesta's mass, or proportionally about two-thirds as massive as Earth's core.
In fact, if it weren't for Jupiter, Vesta could have had a good chance at becoming a planet.
"In the asteroid belt, Jupiter basically stirred things up so much that they weren't able to easily accrete with one another," Dawn scientist David O'Brien, of the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, told reporters in 2012.
"The velocities in the asteroid belt were really high, and the higher the velocity is, the harder it is for things to merge together under their own gravity," O'Brien added.
In 1960, a fireball streaking through the sky over Millbillillie, Australia, announced the arrival of a piece of Vesta on Earth. Composed almost entirely of pyroxene, a mineral found in lava flows, the meteorite bears the same spectral signals as Vesta.
NASA's Dawn spacecraft, which visited the asteroid in 2012, discovered that the rocky body had a surprising amount of hydrogen on its surface. It also found bright, reflective regions that may have been left over from its birth.
"Our analysis finds this bright material originates from Vesta and has undergone little change since the formation of Vesta over 4 billion years ago," said Jian-Yang Li, a Dawn participating scientist at the University of Maryland, College Park, in a statement.
A massive mountain towers over Vesta's southern pole. The enormous mountain reaches up over 65,000 feet (20 kilometers) in height, making it nearly as tall as Olympus Mons, the largest mountain (and volcano) in the solar system. Olympus Mons soars about 15 miles (24 kilometers) above the surface of Mars.
"The south polar mountain is larger than the big island of Hawaii, the largest mountain on Earth, as measured from the ocean floor," Dawn principle investigator Chris Russell was reported saying at a 2011 astronomical conference. "It is almost as high as the highest mountain in the solar system, the shield volcano Olympus Mons on Mars."
Liquid water once flowed across the asteroid. Images captured by the Dawn spacecraft revealed curved gullies and fan-shaped deposits within eight different Vesta impact craters. All eight of the craters are thought to have formed within the last few hundred million years, fairly recent in the lifetime of the 4.5-billion-year-old asteroid.
"Nobody expected to find evidence of water on Vesta. The surface is very cold and there is no atmosphere, so any water on the surface evaporates," study lead author Jennifer Scully, a postgraduate researcher at UCLA, said in a NASA statement. "However, Vesta is proving to be a very interesting and complex planetary body."
Scully and her team thought the features were created by debris flows, as opposed to pure-water rivers or streams, sculpted the Vesta gullies. They proposed that meteorites bombarding the asteroid melted ice deposits beneath the surface, sending liquid water and small rocky particles flowing down the crater walls. Such activity suggests the presence of ice buried beneath the surface.
"If present today, the ice would be buried too deeply to be detected by any of Dawn's instruments," Scully said. "However, the craters with curved gullies are associated with pitted terrain, which has been independently suggested as evidence for loss of volatile gases from Vesta."
Ice could have been responsible for modifying Vesta's surface. In 2017, a study suggested that smooth patches of terrain on the asteroid frequently possessed high concentrations of hydrogen, which is often seen when solar radiation breaks down water molecules.
"We suggest that modifications of the surface by melting of buried ice could be responsible for smoothing those areas," Essam Heggy, a planetary scientist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, told Space.com. "Buried ice could have been brought to the surface after an impact, which caused heated ice to melt and travel up through the fractures to the surface."
Dawn also observed signs of hydrated minerals (minerals containing water molecules) on Vesta's surface, which could also hint at the presence of buried ice. The hydrated materials were associated with older terrains, and could have been delivered by impacts of material from farther out in the solar system.
A low-altitude map of Vesta revealed a rich geology. The steep slopes found on the asteroid, combined with its high gravity, paves the way for rocks to roll downward, exposing other material. Dawn revealed a variety of mineral, including some bright and dark materials that could relate to potential buried ice.
Vestal visitors to Earth
In fact, Vesta's unique composition means that it is responsible for an entire group of meteorites. The HED meteorites — made up of howardites, eucrites and diogenites — tell the story of Vesta's early life. Eucrites form from hardened lava, while diogenites come from beneath the surface. Howardites are a combination of the two, formed when a large impact mixed the two sections together.
Vesta has been suspected as being the source of the HED meteorites since 1970. Dawn's mapping spectrometer verified that proposition. The Dawn team thinks the HEDs came from an impact basin named Rheasilvia, after an ancient Roman vestal virgin priestess. At 310 miles (500 kilometers) in diameter, Rheasilvia is nearly as large as Vesta itself. It most likely formed from a collision that stripped away most of the southern hemisphere's crust, revealing the asteroid's interior.
"Vesta likely came close to shattering," said Dawn principal investigator Carol Raymond, noting that the blow left concentric sets of troughs — fracture lines — around Vesta's equator.
Parallel troughs may be another sign of the enormous impact. Raymond told the Planetary Society that the presence of those troughs suggests serious damage to the asteroid's interior.
If the orbit of Vesta lies beyond Mars, how did pieces of it manage to arrive on Earth? The fragments of Vesta pass Jupiter once every three orbits around the sun, allowing the gravity of the largest planet to affect them. Such tugging could have shifted the fragments enough to cause their eventual impact with Earth.
As a result, Vesta is one of three bodies from which scientists have samples. The other two are the moon and Mars.
Exploring the asteroid
In September 2007, NASA launched the Dawn mission, which is unique in that it was the first craft to enter orbit around one solar system body, then proceed to a second. Dawn entered orbit around Vesta in July 2011. After studying the asteroid for a year, it left Vesta encountered Ceres in March 2015.
NASA's Dawn mission is to study the characteristics of the early solar system by analyzing the two asteroids, which are very different. Ceres is wet, with seasonal polar caps, and may have a thin atmosphere. Vesta, on the other hand, is dry and rocky. Studying the unique spectral signatures in its rocky crust will expand our knowledge of our own planet, as well as Mars and Mercury.
Given their size, the two are actually regarded as protoplanets, or small planets. The gravitational pull of Jupiter disrupted their formation. Without the presence of the gas giant, the two may well have continued to evolve into full-size planets.
"We now know that Vesta is the only intact, layered planetary building block surviving from the very earliest days of the solar system," Dawn deputy principal investigator Carol Raymond, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, told reporters in 2012.
Dawn's study of Vesta allowed for the creation of the best map to date of the asteroid.
In October 2010, the Hubble Space Telescope imaged Vesta again. The resulting data revealed that the asteroid was tilted approximately four degrees more than scientists originally thought. These findings helped NASA to place the spacecraft in the appropriate polar orbit around the asteroid. Dawn requires light from the sun in order to perform its mapping and imaging assignments.
The green flash image at the top of this post was taken by Jim Grant, an EarthSky friend on Facebook. He captured it off the coast of Ocean Beach, California, and identified it a mock mirage green flash.
It’s not hard to see a green flash with the eye alone, when sky conditions are right, and when you’re looking toward a very clear and very distant horizon. That’s why those who live near an ocean tend to report green flashes most often. A sea horizon is the best place to see them.
The video below, posted to EarthSky by Vladek in 2016, is an excellent example of the experience of seeing a green flash:
Most people see green flashes just at sunset, at the last moment before the sun disappears below the horizon. Be careful and don’t look too soon. If you do look too soon, the light of the sunset will dazzle (or damage) your eyes, and you’ll miss your green flash chance that day.
But if you wait – looking away until just the thinnest rim of the sun appears above the horizon – that day’s green flash could be yours.
Of course, the green flash can be seen before sunrise, too, although it’s harder at that time of day to know precisely when to look.
Mock mirage and green flash seen from San Francisco in 2006. Image via Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons.
There are many different types of green flash. Some describe a streak or ray of the color green … like a green flame shooting up from the sunrise or sunset horizon.
The most common green flash, though – the one most people describe – is a flash of the color green seen when the sun is nearly entirely below the horizon.
Again … you need a distant horizon to see any of these phenomena, and you need a distinct edge to the horizon. That’s why these green flashes, streaks, and rays are most often seen over the ocean. But you can see them over land, too, if your horizon is far enough away.
Pollution or haze on the horizon will hide this instantaneous flash of the color green.
Jim Grant photographed this green flash on April 27, 2012, off the coast of San Diego.
And, of course, Les Cowley at the great website Atmospheric Optics devotes many pages to the green flash phenomenon. Notice the menu bar at the left side of the page; it’ll let you explore many different types of green flashes.
Green flash atop sun pyramid via astrophotographer Colin Legg in Australia.
Bottom line: The green flash is legendary, and some people have told us they thought it was a myth, like a unicorn or a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow. But green flashes are very real. You need a distant and exceedingly clear horizon to see them at the last moment before the sun disappears below the horizon at sunset.
Here's What We Know About Russia's Hypersonic Waverider Weapon
Here's What We Know About Russia's Hypersonic Waverider Weapon
By Edd Gent, Live Science Contributor
Warnings of a Russian hypersonic weapon that the U.S. can't defend against may have had you running for the bomb shelter last week. But what, exactly, is this weapon, and how does it work?
The Russians have released few concrete details about the weapon, but from the information available, it appears the weapon is a so-called hypersonic glide vehicle, said Thomas Juliano, an assistant professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Notre Dame who specializes in hypersonic flight.
Rather than generating its own power to reach hypersonic speeds, the glide vehicle catches a ride atop an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Typically, these rockets fly to space on an arcing trajectory before releasing warheads near the top of the parabola, and these warheads drop back down onto the target at hypersonic speeds under the power of gravity.
Rather than falling back to Earth, though, Avangard reenters the atmosphere at an angle and its aerodynamic shape generates lift that lets it glide down at hypersonic speeds, says Juliano, which allows it to travel further farther and maneuver as it descends.
Hyper engineering
The vehicle appears to follow a design known as a "waverider," Juliano said. Waveriders are hypersonic aircraft that have wedge-shaped fuselages specially designed to generate lift by surfing on the shock wave generated as its own aircraft punches through the air at a high speed.
This is important at higher altitudes, where air density is low, making it difficult to generate lift with conventional wing designs. And because it doesn't need large wings, the vehicle is more streamlined, and the reduced drag allows it to maintain its speed over a much longer distance, Juliano said.
Building a vehicle that can tolerate hypersonic speeds and the temperatures they generate is no easy feat, Juliano said. But the design the Russians have opted for circumvents one of the major challenges: propulsion. [Photos: Hypersonic Jet Could Fly 10 Times the Speed of Sound]
"Designing a successful propulsion system at Mach 10 or above is extraordinarily challenging," he said. "By putting the glider on top of an ICBM, you avoid the need to design a successful hypersonic air-breathing engine."
Controlling a vehicle at such high speeds is still incredibly tricky, though.The Russians claim that Avangard is highly maneuverable, and based on computer-generated video included in Putin's address, it appears to have several flaps similar to the aerofoils used by planes to change direction.
Adjusting the aerofoils at hypersonic speeds is not a trivial task, because the shock wave can have complex interactions with the air flowing over the vehicle's surfaces, resulting in "nonlinear" behavior, Juliano said.
That means tiny adjustments can have outsize impacts, which makes it very tricky to calculate how much to move a flap or aerofoil. "It has to be precise, it has to operate quickly and it's a much harder environment to predict," he said.
Nonetheless, Juliano thinks the Russian claims are credible, as the technology has been in development for some time. The U.S. tested its own version, dubbed Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2, in 2010 and 2011, but both flights were failures. And China also has an experimental system, code-named DF-ZF.
What is it for?
Russian efforts to develop hypersonic glide vehicles are explicitly aimed at evading U.S. missile defense systems, said Pavel Podvig, an independent analyst who specializes in Russia's nuclear arsenal. [Could the US Stop Nuclear Weapons?]
Current U.S. defenses are designed to take out conventional warheads from ICBMs on predictable ballistic trajectories while they are still in space; these defenses are not well suited to intercept weapons coming in on a high-speed glide in the atmosphere, Podvig said. And unlike traditional warheads, the vehicles will be capable of maneuvering around defenses.
But Podvig said it's not clear if the weapons really provide useful additional military capabilities. "It has been described as a weapon in search of a mission," he told Live Science. "My take is, you don't really need this kind of capability. It doesn't really change much in terms of ability to hit targets."
Podvig pointed out that the ICBM that carried the Avangard during testing, the SS-19, normally carries six conventional warheads. If the goal is to counter missile defense systems, it would be just as easy to overwhelm them with a greater number of standard warheads, he said.
But such weapons could breed dangerous uncertainty, Podvig said, because they aren't covered by arms-control treaties such as New START, which require countries to report the number, type and location of nuclear-capable weapons like ICBMs. In addition, the capabilities and potential uses of hypersonic gliders are still unclear.
"These systemscreate greater risks of miscalculation," Podvig said, "and it's not clear if we can effectively deal with those risks."
In an effort to reduce some of that uncertainty, the Pentagon is reportedly considering fielding space-based sensors to spot hypersonic weapons, according to Space News. The approach would require a costly constellation of satellites, but would be better at spotting weapons gliding in the upper atmosphere and could also see farther than land-based systems limited by the horizon.
Podvig says a properly designed system of this kind should be able to detect hypersonic weapons in flight, but it's not clear this would make it any easier to intercept such fast and maneuverable vehicles.
Le mystère de Gemini 4 et de son Ovni crash en photos
Le mystère de Gemini 4 et de son Ovni crash en photos
Rédigé par internaaze et publié depuis Overblog
Au cours de la mission Gemini 4, les astronautes James McDivitt et Ed White ont fait le tour de la Terre 66 fois et ont laissé une marque dans l’histoire en tant que premier vol spatial sur plusieurs jours des États-Unis. Au cours de la mission, les astronautes ont photographié un mystérieux objet cylindrique que de nombreux auteurs considèrent comme l’une des meilleures photos d’OVNI jamais prises.
En juin 1965, le brigadier-général James McDivitt, commandant de la mission Gemini 4 et le pilote Ed White de la mission Gemini 4 ont pris part au premier vol spatial de plusieurs jours des États-Unis, conçu pour montrer qu’il était possible pour les humains de rester dans l’espace pendant longtemps.
La mission Gemini 4 est le DEUXIÈME vol spatial habité du projet Gemini de la NASA et est le dixième vol spatial américain habité.
Pendant quatre jours, les astronautes James McDivitt et Ed White ont fait 66 fois le tour de la Terre. La mission a marqué la première sortie dans l’espace jamais effectuée par un astronaute américain. Ed White a flotté librement à l’extérieur de l’engin spatial Gemini – relié à celui-ci – pendant environ 20 minutes.
En plus de ce qui précède, la mission Gemini 4 a également été l’une des toutes premières missions spatiales de la NASA au cours de laquelle un certain nombre d’expériences scientifiques ont été réalisées dans l’espace. Les astronautes James McDivitt et Ed White ont utilisé un sextant pour étudier l’utilisation de la navigation céleste pour le vol lunaire dans le cadre du programme Apollo.
Cependant, la mission deviendra célèbre plus tard en raison d’une image étrange prise par l’astronaute James McDivitt, alors que le vaisseau spatial Gemini était en orbite autour de notre planète.
L’OVNI de Gemini 4
Des millions de personnes dans le monde entier prétendent avoir été témoins de choses étranges dans le ciel.
Aujourd’hui, si nous effectuons une recherche rapide sur Youtube, nous trouverons d’innombrables vidéos et images d’objets volants présumés non identifiés, qui promettent d’offrir la preuve ultime des visites d’extraterrestres sur Terre.
Mais malgré cette abondance de preuves matérielles, la vérité demeure malgré tout un mystère… Eh oui !
Si nous devons chercher des observations d’OVNI et des preuves potentielles d’une “présence extraterrestre” sur Terre, alors les personnes les plus compétentes et les plus réputées auxquelles nous devrions poser ces questions sont probablement des astronautes.
Il existe des douzaines de rapports associant des astronautes à des rencontres d’OVNI. Qu’il s’agisse des missions Apollo de la NASA ou des missions antérieures à Apollo, il semble que nous finissons toujours par trouver quelque chose digne d`être mentionné.
De nombreux experts ufologues prétendent que l’une des meilleures photos d’un ovni a été prise précisément au cours de la mission Gemini 4 lorsque l’astronaute James McDivitt, pilote de commandement du vaisseau spatial Gemini 4, a photographié quelque chose en orbite basse autour de la Terre.
Cette image, selon un article d’UFO Evidence a même déconcerté le très sceptique Condon Committee en 1969 ; une photo prise lors de son vol a été largement saluée comme l’une des “meilleures photos d’OVNI jamais réalisées”.
Mais malgré le fait que de nombreux auteurs considèrent l’image prise par McDivitt comme l’une des meilleures images d’OVNI, l’ancien astronaute de la NASA n’a jamais fait grand chose de ses observations, suggérant qu’il a vu des débris orbitaux non identifiés mais qui ont été conçus par l’homme.
La NASA est toujours restée sceptique quant à l’observation d’objets bizarres comme celui que McDivitt a photographié. En fait, la NASA a insisté sur le fait qu’il n’y avait rien de mystérieux à propos de l’objet photographié par l’ancien astronaute et qu’il était clairement d’origine terrestre, et qu’il appartenait très probablement aux Américains ou aux Soviétiques.
Certains sceptiques ont même suggéré que c’était peut-être la fusée d’appoint de McDivitt.
Voici le récit de McDivitt sur cet OVNI, tel qu’il l’a résumé sur le Dick Cavett Showen novembre 1973 (tel que rapporté dans le magazine FATE, en juin 1974), “Je volais avec Ed White. Il dormait à l’époque, donc je n’ai personne pour vérifier mon histoire. Nous dérivions dans l’espace avec les réacteurs éteints, et toute l’instrumentation s’est éteinte (quand) soudainement (un objet) est apparu dans le hublot. Il avait une forme très précise – un objet de forme cylindrique – il était blanc – il avait un grand bras qui sortait sur le côté. Je ne sais pas si c’était un très petit objet de près ou un très grand objet très loin.”
“Il n’y avait rien pour estimer sa taille. Je ne pouvais pas savoir à quel point il était grand. Nous avions deux caméras qui flottaient dans le vaisseau spatial à l’époque, alors j’en ai pris une et j’ai pris une photo de (l’objet) et j’ai pris l’autre et j’ai pris une photo. Puis j’ai allumé les systèmes de contrôle de la fusée parce que j’avais peur que l’on ne heurte l’objet. A l’époque, nous dérivions – sans vérifier, je n’ai aucune idée de la direction dans laquelle nous allions – mais au fur et à mesure que nous dérivions un peu plus loin, le soleil brillait sur le hublot du vaisseau spatial”.
“Le hublot était sale – comme celui d’une automobile, on ne pouvait pas voir à travers. J’ai donc fait repartir les moteurs de contrôle de la fusée et déplacé le vaisseau spatial pour que le hublot soit à nouveau dans l’obscurité – l’objet avait disparu.”.
“J’ai appelé plus tard pour leur dire ce qui s’était passé, et ils sont retournés vérifier leurs dossiers sur les autres débris spatiaux qui volaient dans l’espace, mais nous n’avons jamais été en mesure d’identifier ce que cela aurait pu être. Le film a été renvoyé à la NASA et revu par des techniciens de la NASA. L’un des techniciens de la NASA a conclu que ce n’était pas un ovni mais le reflet de soleil sur la fenêtre.”
L’OVNI Gemini 5 et les photos du USS Trepand
Ce qui est curieux, c’est qu’en 2015 un grand nombre de photographies prétendument prises par le USS Trepang ont émergées sur internet.
Les photos présentent un objet non-identifié mystérieux, qui selon les nombreux ufologues ressemblent à l’objet qui a été photographié par James McDivitt dans le cadre de la mission Gemini 4.
Les images de l’OVNI ont été prises par l’USS Trepang SSN 674 en Mars 1971.
Les photographies sont désormais disponibles, merci à John Greenewald du “Black Vault” et Alex Mistretta du magazine “Top Secret”.
Voici quelques images, merci à l’utilisateur de Reddit SquizCat.
Les photographies ci-dessous sont la propriété du site TopSecret.fr.
OVNIS AU DESSUS DE LA CENTRALE NUCLÉAIRE DE FESSENHEIM
OVNIS AU DESSUS DE LA CENTRALE NUCLÉAIRE DE FESSENHEIM
Il me parait important de relayer ici une information qui nous a été transmise par un informateur digne de confiance, mais dont nous nous sommes engagés à taire l’identité, au sujet d’une observation d’ovnis particulièrement incroyable.
Nous sommes le jeudi 24 mai 2018 du côté de la centrale nucléaire de Fessenheim en Alsace. Durant presque 2 heures, de 22h40 à minuit passé, des civils et personnels militaires (7 ou 8 personnes en tout) ont été les spectateurs de ce qu’il convient d’appeler une véritable escadrille d’ovnis. En effet, ceux-ci auraient été les témoins d’un survol de la centrale par pas moins d’une quinzaine d’aéronefs de tailles, formes et couleurs diverses. Certains de ces ovnis étaient de forme triangulaire et de couleur noire, ou ronds de couleur orange quand d’autres présentaient une structure en losange.
Deux de ces engins ont notamment pu être observés de très près (à une distance d’environ 50 mètres) lors de leur survol à très basse altitude du bâtiment réacteur de la centrale. Leur vitesse de déplacement a été décrite comme étant très lente et, comme souvent dans pareille description, notre témoin relate un déplacement totalement silencieux.
La taille du plus imposant des ovnis qui composaient cette « armada », de forme triangulaire et observé à une distance d’une centaine de mètres, a été évaluée par les témoins à environ 20 mètres de longueur.
Nul doute que plusieurs témoins de cette observation (notamment le personnel de gendarmerie présent) ont été auditionnés par les services militaires et que ces derniers disposent de traces vidéo de ce phénomène (via les caméras de sécurité présentes sur le site). Nous pouvons aussi affirmer avec une quasi-certitude que tout ceci ne sera pas communiqué au grand public, cet épisode ayant rapport à la sécurité d’un site sensible. Par ailleurs, si cette information venait à être reprise dans les médias « mainstream », nous aurions très certainement droit à la version communément avancée dans pareille situation : « de simples drones ont survolé un site nucléaire »
Reste à poser les questions qui « fâchent » et à mettre le doigt sur les caractéristiques d’un phénomène au sujet duquel la majorité de la population et officiellement les services de l’Etat (je dis officiellement par que je suis persuadé à titre personnel qu’en interne il en est tout autre) s’entêtent à nier l’existence.
Quel appareil de type drone possède aujourd’hui les caractéristiques énoncées lors de cette observation : taille (20 mètres pour l’un d’entre eux), déplacement silencieux et capacité à effectuer un vol stationnaire ?
Pourquoi ce type d’observation est-il généralisé aux abords des sites nucléaires sensibles et ce depuis de nombreuses années (quelques recherches rapides sur le net vous permettront de réaliser à quel point les observations d’ovnis, depuis plusieurs décennies et sur toute la planète, sont effectuées autour de sites nucléaires, qu’ils soient civils ou militaires) ?
Pour aller un peu plus loin dans ce questionnement, pourquoi ce phénomène cible-t-il aujourd’hui la centrale de Fessenheim, site nucléaire civil particulièrement contesté de par l’ancienneté, la vétusté et donc la dangerosité de son infrastructure ?
Autant de faits et questions qui, encore une fois, ne seront pas ou peu abordées dans les médias nationaux et qui, s’ils ne sont pas traités à travers le prisme du dédain et de la moquerie, seront passés sous silence.
Que ce phénomène trouve une explication rationnelle ou pas, il souligne des problématiques sécuritaires qui ne peuvent être balayées d’un simple revers de main et soulève des questions que nous ne pouvons ignorées et sur lesquelles il est primordial à mon sens de se pencher :
Qui (ou quoi) se cache derrière ce phénomène ? A travers quelle technologie s’exprime-t-il ? Et enfin, doit-on interpréter ce phénomène comme étant l’expression d’un message relatif à notre utilisation irraisonnée d’une technologie que nous ne maitrisons pas et qui met l’humanité en danger ?
Le débat reste non seulement ouvert mais il mérite et doit susciter notre intérêt à tous. Si les grands médias qui occupent et monopolisent l’espace d’expression et de réflexion ne s’emparent pas de cette thématique, il nous appartient modestement à nous, simples citoyens curieux et responsables de la faire émerger dans le débat public.
Je joints à cet article un document émanant de Matthieu Wikkelmuller, directeur technique adjoint chez EDF-CNE Fessenheim :
WETENSCHAPDe planetoïde die 66 miljoen jaar geleden op de aarde insloeg, deed onze planeet 100.000 jaar lang met 5 graden opwarmen. Dat blijkt uit fossielen die werden opgegraven in Tunesië. Hieruit zijn veel lessen te trekken over de klimaatverandering waarmee we vandaag geconfronteerd worden, zeggen onderzoekers.
De onderzoekers van de eerste studie baseren zich op restanten van vissen die dateren van de tijd voor en na de inslag die onder andere de dinosauriërs fataal werd. Ze bestudeerden de verhouding tussen twee zuurstofisotopen in de resten, die afhankelijk zijn van de temperatuur. Bij de ontwikkeling van mineralen in de tanden, beenderen en schubben van vissen, bepaalt de temperatuur van het water hoeveel van deze isotopen gevormd worden.
Daaruit kunnen de onderzoekers besluiten dat de temperatuur na de planetoïde-inslag snel toenam van 20 tot 25 graden Celsius. Aan de polen was de opwarming wellicht nog groter dan in Tunesië. Bovendien duurde het zeker 100.000 jaar voor de aarde weer afkoelde, zo schrijven de onderzoekers in het vakblad Science.
Dat mag dan allemaal 66 miljoen jaar geleden gebeurd zijn, de plotse opwarming die toen plaatsvond is volgens de onderzoekers wel relevant voor wat er vandaag aan het gebeuren is. Ze kan ons een beeld geven van de impact die de huidige klimaatverandering in de toekomst op de planeet zal hebben. “Het tempo waarmee de systemen op onze planeet door de impact verstoord werden, is vergelijkbaar met de menselijke verstoring in de voorbije 200 jaar”, zegt professor Ken MacLeod van de universiteit van Missouri, hoofdauteur van de studie. “Zelfs als we onze levensstijl morgen drastisch veranderen, zal het nog 100.000 jaar duren om de veranderingen die we de aarde al hebben opgedrongen om te keren.”
De plotse opwarming die toen plaatsvond is volgens de onderzoekers relevant voor wat er vandaag aan het gebeuren is
Afkoeling
Deze theorie staat haaks op speculaties van sommige wetenschappers dat de inslag geleid zou hebben tot een enorme afkoeling van de aarde. Door de impact zouden er grote branden ontstaan zijn, die roet in de atmosfeer slingerden. Dat hield het zonlicht tegen, met een afkoeling van de aarde tot gevolg.
Toch sluit de nieuwe studie dat scenario niet volledig uit. Mogelijk koelde de aarde na de inslag kortstondig af, voornamelijk op plaatsen nabij de impactlocatie, meteen daarna gevolgd door een globale opwarming.
Vogels
De bekendste slachtoffers van de gevolgen van de inslag waren de dinosauriërs. Maar zij waren niet de enigen die uitgeroeid werden, zo stelt een andere studie die gepubliceerd is in Current Biology.Ook de bossen op onze planeet verdwenen, wat dan weer leidde tot het uitsterven van op zes na alle vogelsoorten.
De onderzoekers bestudeerden het fossielenbestand van Nieuw-Zeeland, Japan, Europa en Noord-Amerika. “De restanten tonen aan dat er een massa-ontbossing plaatsvond in de hele wereld”, zeggen de onderzoekers. En zonder bomen stierven ook alle vogels die in bomen leefden uit - ze hadden immers geen nestplaatsen meer.
De 11.000 vogelsoorten die we vandaag hebben, zijn allemaal ontstaan uit een handvol soorten
Enkel vogels die op de grond leefden, konden overleven. Fossielen van deze vogels tonen aan dat ze langere, stevigere poten hebben, net zoals de loopvogels die we vandaag kennen.
“Vandaag zijn vogels de meest diverse en meest verspreide groep gewervelde dieren”, zegt hoofdauteur Daniel Field van de universiteit van Bath. “Er zijn bijna 11.000 soorten. Die zijn dus allemaal ontstaan uit een handvol soorten die 66 miljoen jaar geleden de massa-extinctie overleefden.”
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26-05-2018
Het wordt nog gekker. Rapport geeft details prijs over UFO die tot het onmogelijke in staat leek
Het wordt nog gekker. Rapport geeft details prijs over UFO die tot het onmogelijke in staat leek
Eind vorig jaar werd door het Pentagon een video vrijgegeven waarin te zien was hoe Amerikaanse marinepiloten een onbekend object volgden.
De New York Times publiceerde een artikel waaruit bleek dat de Amerikaanse overheid jarenlang in het geheim onderzoek had gedaan naar UFO’s.
Een nieuwsteam uit Las Vegas heeft nu de hand weten te leggen op officiële documenten die nog meer details bevatten over de waarneming.
Nog gekker
Het wordt allemaal nog gekker dan het al was, schrijft website BGR.
Het legerrapport verhaalt over een vreemd kat-en-muisspel tussen een vliegdekschip en meerdere UFO’s die tot het onmogelijke in staat leken.
De objecten werden vanaf 10 november 2004 meerdere dagen gezien. Ze verschenen gedurende korte tijd op de radarsystemen van het vliegdekschip, hingen stil in de lucht en schoten vervolgens met hoge snelheden weg.
Groot genoeg
De bemanning besloot een onderzoek in te stellen. Er werden twee F/A-18 Super Hornets op de vreemde signalen afgestuurd.
Het object dat de piloten zagen wordt in het rapport omschreven als ‘wit, glad en zonder randen of vleugels’.
Volgens het rapport was het object ongeveer 14 meter lang, terwijl de piloten schatten dat het 17 meter lang was. Het was in ieder geval groot genoeg voor tenminste één of meerdere individu(en).
Camoufleren
De piloten zeiden dat het object nooit een bedreiging was. In het rapport wordt opgemerkt dat de UFO leek te reageren op de aanwezigheid van de straaljagers.
Gedurende de dagen dat het object te zien was, bleek het in staat om zich te camoufleren en zich zo aan het oog te onttrekken.
Het feit dat het daalde van ruim 18 kilometer hoogte naar slechts 15 meter hoogte en vervolgens verdween doet de auteurs van het rapport vermoeden dat het ook onder water kon opereren.
On previous occasions, I have written here at Mysterious Universe on the subject of a U.S. Government UFO-themed program of the late 1940s to the early 1950s. It was called Project Twinkle. Its mandate was to investigate reports of strange, brightly lit, green fireballs. They were seen in close proximity to military installations and facilities involved in research concerning atomic energy (largely, but not exclusively, in the southwest of the United States). Many of the staff believed the fireballs were under intelligent control. While the program was ultimately closed and fell into a degree of obscurity, the now-available files offer an intriguing insight into the phenomenon. Take, for example, the following document of October 18, 1948, which tells a fascinating and intriguing story. It is one of many. Here’s how it starts:
“18 Oct 48 – CONFIDENTIAL Gen Holger Toftoy (US Army Ordnance/Rocket) daily log: Conference attended by Cols Toftoy, Roberts & Bainbridge (CC), Maj J.F. Gay & Dr. J. J. Grebe, (Chemical Corps), and Dr. Mugson. Chemical Corps reported analysis of fragments picked up from ‘flying saucer’ which vanished with a brilliant flash and bang near Midland, Michigan. Sand and clinker recovered from the locality contained nuggets of fairly pure silver and some thorium. The thorium was sufficient to give radioactivity approximately 10 times natural background which could possibly be ascribed to thorium coated filaments in electronic equipment, although the quantity seems excessive.”
The document continues: “There was evidence also of magnesium which had been completely oxidized. Dr. Grebe advanced his hypothesis that small missiles of the order of 1 to 3 feet in diameter might be responsible, coming from distant sources. He considered that a rapidly rotating disc of magnesium and /or aluminum might have enough energy if properly utilized to propel the disc several thousand miles, and might be completely destroyed by burning in air. Remaining traces of silver and thorium might be ascribed to electronic control system.”
We are then told: “After discussion, it was agreed that Col Roberts should request the Bur of Standards group to investigate some of the mechanisms which might conceivably propel discs of this general type and TU will keep in close touch with these calculations (CMH). A meeting next Monday, 25 Oct, can be arranged with Dr. Grebe if indications are favorable. Dr. Grebe also briefly described a theory of his that a fish-shaped object with a modified tear-drop cross section would take off along the long axis and change position in flight to fly at an angle more like a flying wing. No wings or other aerodynamic surfaces that produce drag would be required.”
Clearly, a great deal of time and effort went into resolving this matter, regardless of the origins of the fragments. The reference to such fragments possibly having come from a “flying saucer” is interesting. It’s important to note, though, the fact that those two words – “flying” and “saucer” – are contained within quotation marks. This suggests the military was using the term as one which was in popular, widespread use at the time, but not necessarily intended to mean “alien spacecraft.”
Whatever the truth of the affair described above, it’s notable that it was cases like this one which had the Project Twinklepeople more than a bit concerned. Consider the following: Three months later, the Headquarters 4th Army prepared a document titled “Unconventional Aircraft.” It began: “1. The inclosed Summary of Information: subject ‘Unconventional Aircraft’ (Control No. A-1917) dated 13 Jan 49, is forwarded for your information and any action deemed necessary. 2. Agencies in New Mexico are greatly concerned over these phenomena. They are of the opinion that some foreign power is making ‘sensing shots’ with some super-stratospheric device designed to be self-disintegrating. They also believe that when the device is perfected for accuracy, the disintegrating factor will be eliminated in favor of a warhead.”
The military continued: “3. Another theory being advanced as possibly acceptable lies in the belief that the phenomena are the result of radiological warfare experiments by a foreign power, further, that the rays may be lethal or might be attributed to the cause of some of the plane crashes that have occurred recently. 4. Still another belief that is advanced is that, it is highly probable that the United States may be carrying out some top-secret experiments. 5. It is felt that these incidents are of such great importance, especially as they are occurring in the vicinity of sensitive installations, that a scientific board be sent to this locality to study the situation with a view of arriving at a solution of this extraordinary phenomena with the least practicable delay. 6. It is further requested that this headquarters be informed of action taken on this and a previous report in order that reporting agencies may be advised.”
In view of all the above, it’s hardly surprising that, behind closed doors, people were restless. Additional records show that Project Twinkle never did resolve matters to the satisfaction of everyone. The green fireballs vanished into oblivion, leaving more than a few people both puzzled and alarmed as to what the truth really was.
Zonnestelsel in beginjaren geroosterd door supernova
Zonnestelsel in beginjaren geroosterd door supernova
Het zonnestelsel heeft in zijn beginjaren mogelijk flink te lijden gehad van een nabije supernova-explosie.
Tot deze conclusie komt een Nederlands/Hongaars team op basis van gedetailleerde computerberekeningen. Het supernova-scenario verklaart onder andere waardoor het baanvlak van de planeten gekanteld is ten opzichte van de evenaar van de zon en waarom het zonnestelsel aan de buitenkant abrupt ophoudt.
Het zonnestelsel kent verscheidene lastig te verklaren eigenaardigheden. Zo maakt het gemiddelde baanvlak van de planeten een hoek van 5,6 graden ten opzichte van de evenaar van de zon. Daarnaast houdt ons zonnestelsel al op bij 45 keer de afstand aarde-zon, terwijl er net daarbinnen een rijke ring van ruimtepuin is, de Kuipergordel. Bij veel andere sterren strekken dergelijke puinschijven zich doorgaans uit tot wel 400 keer de afstand aarde-zon.
Onderzoekers van de Universiteit Leiden en van de Hongaarse Academie van wetenschappen beargumenteren dat deze eigenaardigheden het gevolg zijn van een supernova-explosie dicht in de buurt van het jonge zonnestelsel. Onze zon bevond zich toen waarschijnlijk in een sterrenhoop van enkele duizenden sterren, waarvan er een als supernova ontploft kan zijn.
De onderzoekers hebben met in Leiden ontwikkelde simulatiesoftware berekend op welke afstand en in welke richting de supernova zich bevond. Ze komen uit bij een afstand van 0,5 tot 1,3 lichtjaar en een hoek van 35 tot 60 graden ten opzichte van de protoplanetaire stofschijf rond de zon.
Het afkappen en kantelen van de stofschijf om de zon werd volgens de onderzoekers niet veroorzaakt door de supernova zelf, maar door de nucleaire schokgolf van de gloeiendhete buitenlagen van de ontploffende ster die het zonnestelsel ramde. Er zat ongeveer dertig jaar tussen het ontploffen van de ster en het moment dat de nucleaire schokgolf het zonnestelsel bereikte. De aarde was toen nog niet gevormd, maar mogelijk zijn de sporen van de supernovaschokgolf nog wel zichtbaar in de chemische en isotopische samenstelling van de oudste gesteenten in het zonnestelsel.
Could We Build the Millennium Falcon from 'Star Wars'?
Could We Build the Millennium Falcon from 'Star Wars'?
By Chelsea Gohd, Space.com Staff Writer
With so many incredible, newly developing technologies, could we build a real-life Millennium Falcon? In short, no. But we're getting closer.
In the "Star Wars" universe, the Millennium Falcon is heralded as the coolest ship around. The cargo vessel that Han Solo originally won from Lando Calrissian in the Cloud City Sabacc Tournament, the Millennium Falcon lies at the center of some of the most incredible adventures in the series.
The Millennium Falcon's signature speed comes from its hyperdrive, a propulsion system that pushes the vessel to light speed — though Han Solo has famously boasted that the ship can travel even faster. The hyperdrive functions by using "hypermatter particles" to send the craft into hyperspace, an alternative dimension reached by traveling at or beyond the speed of light. This technique uses wrinkles in the fabric of space-time, or wormholes: pieces of the fabric that fold over to connect two otherwise-distant points.
Now, while the theory of general relativity does predict wormholes, they are still just a theoretical phenomenon. So, because we can't prove their existence, we certainly can't manipulate them for our own purposes. Stephen Hsu, a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Oregon, told our sister site Live Science, "You would need some very exotic type of matter in order to stabilize a wormhole, and it's not clear whether such matter exists in the universe."
Now, there is some excitement in the scientific community surrounding an engine called the EmDrive. This is not a hyperdrive, or a warp drive as some have suggested. But it bounces microwaves around a chamber as a substitute for propellant. Recently, researchers put the EmDrive to the testand found that the thrust it produced comes from some kind of electromagnetic interaction that is likely between the engine's power cables and Earth's magnetic field, according to their study This might not be the end of the EmDrive as a potential, future engine — but it certainly isn't a hyperdrive.
G-Forces
Even if we suspend our disbelief and accept the ship's speed, another issue arises: g-forces. According to calculations from Wired, passengers aboard the Millennium Falcon could experience up to about 12 g's while traveling at the speeds portrayed in the films (though this might not be the case if they are traveling through hyperspace). This is comparable to being in a gravitational field 12 times higher than what we normally experience on Earth. ["Star Wars" Spaceships from a Galaxy Far, Far Away]
At 1 g, we can still push blood up to our brains, but as the g's increase, this becomes more difficult. Twelve g's is about the maximum that jet-fighter pilots can experience before passing out, but this assumes they're wearing g-suits, which squeeze the legs in high-g situations to prevent blood from being pushed down.
So, theoretically, without high-g suits, the human passengers aboard the Millennium Falcon would black out when the ship took high-g turns, even without traveling as fast as Han Solo has bragged it can.
Holochess
At Chewbacca's request, a hologram "chess," or holochess, table was installed on the Millennium Falcon so passengers could play Dejarik, a classic strategy game in the "Star Wars" universe. But while astronauts aboard the International Space Station won't be playing Chewie's favorite game anytime soon, hologram technology is inching its way into modern spacecraft.
In 2016, after some launch difficulties, two of Microsoft's HoloLens AR headsets traveled to the space station to aid crewmembers. Additionally, the innovators behind the Voxiebox have built an early version sort of holochess. You can't feel the pieces or move them with your hands — but this feature is not far off, and researchers have already gotten close.
Aboard most ships in the "Star Wars" universe, and throughout sci-fi stories, deflector shields are a staple security measure. Whenever conflict arises, deflectors go right up, keeping the ship intact despite enemy attacks. But is this just a well-worn science fiction trope? Not exactly.
Back in 2014, ExtremeTech profiled a team of students from the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom who considered the possibility of using plasma to build such a deflector. The students took notice of the Earth's ionosphere, a part of the upper atmosphere that contains plasma.
Currently, we bounce communication signals off of the ionosphere's plasma to send them to different locations on Earth. This "invisible shield" around Earth was the inspiration for this team's suggestion that you could use and manipulate plasma to deflect electromagnetic radiation — such as that coming from an energy-based or laser weapon, possibly. Such a shield isn't technically feasible yet, but their general concept to use plasma to deflect radiation is certainly within the realm of possibility.
Additionally,in 2008, Ruth Bamford of the Science and Technology Facilities Council's Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in England and her colleagues studied the possibility of deflecting radiation using a portable magnetic shield. While it's not the battle-ready deflector we've seen in Star Wars, it's definitely a step in that direction.
Other than its description as a power source for starships like the Millennium Falcon, the Quadex power core is a fairly mysterious technology. The series never explains how the power core operates, so it is equally possible and impossible that we could build one.
Quad Laser Cannons
Some of the Millennium Falcon's most powerful and most-used weapons, its quad laser cannons are also relatively feasible. The U.S. military's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has spent years developing the closest thing we have to a "Star Wars" style laser cannon. It can fit on a fighter jet but is still powerful enough to shoot a 150-kilowatt energy beam.
Additionally, researchers have suggested that a coherent amplification network (CAN) laser, a beam created from multiple small lasers, could get rid of space debris surrounding Earth by vaporizing a thin layer of matter off of the surface of the space junk. This would push the debris downward, where it would burn up in Earth's atmosphere.
Laser weapons may currently be large, dangerous and difficult to create, but they are certainly possible.
Hodgepodge Design
The technologies aboard the Millennium Falcon are not a constant. The ship is an ever-evolving amalgamation of assorted, stolen, customized and found parts. It might seem odd that a highly capable future ship could be assembled this way — but when you think about current spaceflight advances, it makes sense.
The Millennium Falcon has a lot in common with SpaceX's Dragon, whose reusable design is optimized for efficient, sustainable launches. Similarly, the Millennium Falcon's design relies on the reuse of found parts.
With long-term space travel, tech aboard a ship would occasionally break, become obsolete, etc. It might not always be possible to 3D print new items or make repairs with what is already available on a ship. Future space travelers might do what Han Solo has done and repurpose found parts to efficiently survive in the cosmos.
The Millennium Falcon boasts a seemingly endless list of gadgets and capabilities. From its oversize sensor dish to its Gigyrodyne sublight engine, thrust-pressure manifold and sensor-proof smuggling compartments, the tech aboard this ship ranges from highly plausible to entirely fictional.
So, humanity is not quite ready to build a Millennium Falcon. Still, many developing technologies could one day make onboard tech like laser cannons and invisible deflector shields a reality. Until then, we can always watch Han Solo and company zip through the galaxy on one of science fiction's most iconic ships.
Jupiter's Great Red Spot Is Spectacular (and Weird) in This Juno Photo
Jupiter's Great Red Spot Is Spectacular (and Weird) in This Juno Photo
By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer
A gorgeous photo by NASA's Juno spacecraft shows Jupiter as you've probably never seen it before.
"This new perspective of Jupiter from the south makes the Great Red Spot appear as though it is in northern territory," NASA officials wrote today (May 21) in a description of the image. "This view is unique to Juno and demonstrates how different our view is when we step off the Earth and experience the true nature of our three-dimensional universe."
The newly released photo is a composite of multiple images snapped by Juno's JunoCam on April 1, during the spacecraft's most recent close flyby of the solar system's largest planet. Juno took the constituent photos from a distance of 10,768 miles (17,329 kilometers) to 42,849 miles (68,959 km) above Jupiter's cloud tops, NASA officials said.
Citizen scientists Gerald Eichstädt and Seán Doran then processed the raw JunoCam data into the finished photo that was released today. (Anyone can do such processing work; to learn more, go to the JunoCam site.)
The $1.1 billion Juno mission launched in August 2011 and arrived at Jupiter in July 2016. The probe orbits on a highly elliptical path, zooming above the gas giant's poles once every 53 days.
The solar-powered Juno makes most of its scientific observations during these close approaches, gathering information about Jupiter's composition, structure and gravitational and magnetic fields. The probe's data should help researchers better understand how Jupiter, and by extension the solar system, formed and evolved, mission team members have said.
The April 1 encounter was Juno's 12th science flyby of Jupiter. The 13th will occur on Thursday (May 24).
In an attempt to solve the mystery of how a cluster of human cells orient themselves into a front, back, top and bottom of an embryo, a group of U.S. researchers avoided restrictions on using human embryos by doing something even more controversial – but apparently legal … they grafted human cells onto chicken embryos to create a form of human-chicken hybrid. Wait … what? Is this the first step to creating a real Chickenman? Who will play him in the movie?
“No one knew what happens after the ball of cells attaches itself to the uterus.”
Ali Brivanlou, a developmental biologist at the Rockefeller University in New York City, headed the research and is the lead author of the study published this week in the journal Nature. If you’re up on your developmental biology, you’ll remember Brivanlou’s name from a previous study in 2016 when he and a different team grew human embryos in a Petri dish for 14 days, breaking the previous record of nine days. U.S. laws forced the team to destroy the cells at that point, but there seemed to be no biological reason why they couldn’t have continued to grow. The team was frustrated because 14 days was not long enough to see the cells organize themselves into future body parts.
Have we seen this before?
Enter the salamanders.
Brivanlou already knew that the organization was done by special ‘organizer cells’ which were discovered in 1924 when German researchers Hilde Mangold and Hans Spemann transplanted cells from a salamander onto a salamander embryo and watched them grow into a second conjoined salamander. That sounds like the opening scene of a horror movie that could only be made better/scarier if the cells were human.
Enter the chickens.
Brivanlou also knew that chicken embryos mature sooner and grow faster than human embryos. Under his direction, the researchers avoided the 14-day restriction by growing human embryonic stem cells into embryo-like (what would that be?) “structures” called gastruloids that they then attached to 12-hour-old chicken embryos which they claimed are the chicken-equivalents of 14-day-old human embryos.
Enter the human-chicken hybrids.
The human organizer cells in the embryo-like (this still sounds fishy) structure organized the chicken embryo to form a second conjoined chicken embryo (sound familiar?) which Brivanlou claimed did not reach maturity and “hatch.”
Or were they destroyed by nervous or guilt-ridden researchers?
“Once you transplant the human organizer into a chicken embryo, the language it uses to instruct the bird cells to establish the brain and nervous system is exactly the same as the one used by amphibians and fish.”
I told you it sounded fishy. While Brivanlou claims that this is an ethical solution to studying early embryonic growth in order to potentially grow artificial organs or manipulate cells into regenerative tissues to combat diseases such as Alzheimer’s, he still prefers to use the real thing.
“There is no substitute for studying the real embryo. Everything else we do when we try to model kind of oversimplifies it. Human embryonic stem cells and eggs have all the information. Everything else is pushing the first domino.”
They’ve created a human-chicken hybrid. Are the dominoes already falling?
Would chickens falling like dominoes be a cool opening to the “Chickenman” movie trailer?
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.