Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
For decades, scientists have said that at least some of Earth’s water came from comets and asteroids. New research suggests an even more primordial source, the vast cloud in space from which our world formed.
Earth, the water planet.
Image via NASA.
Earth is rich in water, and has been for a few billion years, but scientists are still debating just where all that life-sustaining liquid came from. At least some of it was thought to have been brought here by comets or asteroids, but that idea still falls short in explaining how so much water ended up on Earth’s surface – and deep below, as well. Now, a team of scientists at Arizona State University (ASU), led by Peter Buseck, has come up with a new proposal. The new peer-reviewed paper was published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets on October 9, 2018.
The new research suggests that Earth’s water came from both rocky material, such as asteroids, and from the vast cloud of dust and gas remaining after the sun’s formation, called the solar nebula.
Earth’s ocean water is similar to that found in asteroids. That’s one reason scientists have long thought that most earthly water came from an asteroid bombardment in the days of the early solar system. The ratio of deuterium– a heavier hydrogen isotope – to normal hydrogen is a unique chemical signature in various water sources. In the case of Earth’s oceans, the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio is close to what is found in asteroids. But, according to Steven Desch, also at ASU and one of the team members:
It’s a bit of a blind spot in the community. When people measure the [deuterium-to-hydrogen] ratio in ocean water and they see that it is pretty close to what we see in asteroids, it was always easy to believe it all came from asteroids.
Some of Earth’s first water came from colliding planetary embryos containing asteroidal water.
Image via J. Wu/S. Desch/ASU.
Jun Wu at ASU is lead author of the study. He added:
The solar nebula has been given the least attention among existing theories, although it was the predominant reservoir of hydrogen in our early solar system.
The hydrogen in Earth’s oceans may not represent the hydrogen throughout the planet as a whole, however. Samples of hydrogen from deep inside the Earth, close to the boundary between the core and mantle, have notably less deuterium – indicating that this hydrogen may not have come from asteroids, after all. The noble gases helium and neon, with isotopic signatures inherited from the solar nebula, have also been found in the Earth’s mantle.
How to explain these differences? The researchers needed to develop a new theoretical model of Earth’s formation to answer that question. According to the model, Earth was the largest of many planetary embryos – aka protoplanets – in the early solar system.
Essentially, their model shows large, waterlogged asteroids eventually forming into planets like Earth through collisions.
Much of Earth’s water is thought to have come from asteroids impacting the planet early in its history.
The surface of the very young Earth was initially an ocean of magma. Hydrogen and noble gases from the solar nebula were drawn to the planetary embryo, forming the first atmosphere. Nebular hydrogen, which contains less deuterium and is lighter than asteroidal hydrogen, dissolved into the molten iron of the magma ocean.
Hydrogen was then drawn toward the center of the Earth – a process called isotopic fractionation. Hydrogen was delivered to the core through its attraction to iron, while much of the heavier isotope, deuterium, remained in the magma which eventually cooled to form the mantle. Impacts from smaller planetary embryos and other objects continued to add additional water and mass until Earth reached its final size.
The end result was that Earth had noble gases deep in its interior, with a lower deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in its core than in its mantle and oceans. Most of Earth’s water did come from asteroids, but some also came from the solar nebula. As Wu noted:
For every 100 molecules of Earth’s water, there are one or two coming from the solar nebula.
Artist’s concept of the solar nebula – a giant disk of gas and dust – that surrounded the young sun early in the solar system’s history. Some of Earth’s water is now thought to also have come from here.
Image via ESO/L. Calçada.
So what about comets, since they have so much water-ice in them? According to Desch:
Comets contain a lot of ices, and in theory could have supplied some water. But there’s another way to think about sources of water in the solar system’s formative days. Because water is hydrogen plus oxygen, and oxygen is abundant, any source of hydrogen could have served as the origin of Earth’s water.
Also, comets have higher deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratios, so they are actually not good sources for Earth’s water. The D/H ratio of hydrogen gas in the solar nebula was only 21 ppm, too low to have supplied most of the water on Earth. Asteroids are a much better match, along with the solar nebula.
The new study results could also have implications for rocky exoplanets orbiting other stars, such as the super-Earth Wolf 1061c in this artist’s concept image. Many of them could have abundant water, just like Earth.
Image via NASA/Ames/JPL-Caltech.
Finally, the new results have implications for rocky exoplanets orbiting other stars. Many such worlds have now been discovered, and if there is a greater chance for some of them to also have liquid water, that also increases the chances of those planets being habitable. According to the researchers:
Our results suggest that forming water is likely inevitable on sufficiently large rocky planets in extrasolar systems.
Bottom line: The origin of Earth’s water has been debated for a long time, but this new study points to a source – the solar nebula, or cloud of gas and dust left after the sun’s formation – that had been previously mostly overlooked. The new work, based on computer modeling, may have implications for rocky worlds orbiting distant stars.
Either Stars are Strange, or There Are 234 Aliens Trying to Contact Us
Either Stars are Strange, or There Are 234 Aliens Trying to Contact Us
We all want there to be aliens. Green ones, pink ones, brown ones, Greys. Or maybe Vulcans, Klingons, even a being of pure energy. Any type will do.
That’s why whenever a mysterious signal or energetic fluctuation arrives from somewhere in the cosmos and hits one of our many telescopes, headlines erupt across the media: “Have We Finally Detected An Alien Signal?” or “Have Astronomers Discovered An Alien Megastructure?” But science-minded people know that we’re probably getting ahead of ourselves.
Skepticism still rules the day when it comes to these headlines, and the events that spawn them. That’s the way it should be, because we’ve always found a more prosaic reason for whatever signal from space we’re talking about. But, being skeptical is a balancing act; it doesn’t mean being dismissive.
What we’re talking about here is a new study from E.F. Borra and E. Trottier, two astronomers at Laval University in Canada. Their study, titled “Discovery of peculiar periodic spectral modulations in a small fraction of solar type stars” was just published at arXiv.org. ArXiv.org is a pre-print website, so the paper itself hasn’t been peer reviewed yet. But it is generating interest.
The two astronomers used data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and analyzed the spectra of 2.5 million stars. Of all those stars, they found 234 stars that are producing a puzzling signal. That’s only a tiny percentage. And, they say, these signals “have exactly the shape of an ETI signal” that was predicted in a previous study by Borra.
A portion of the 234 stars that are sources of the pulsed ETI-like signal. Note that all the stars are in the narrow spectral range F2 to K1, very similar to our own Sun. Image: Ermanno F. Borra and Eric Trottier
Prediction is a key part of the scientific method. If you develop a theory, your theory looks better and better the more you can use it to correctly predict some future events based on it. Look how many times Einstein’s predictions based on Relativity have been proven correct.
The 234 stars in Borra and Trottier’s study aren’t random. They’re “overwhelmingly in the F2 to K1 spectral range” according to the abstract. That’s significant because this is a small range centred around the spectrum of our own Sun. And our own Sun is the only one we know of that has an intelligent species living near it. If ours does, maybe others do too?
The authors acknowledge five potential causes of their findings: instrumental and data reduction effects, rotational transitions in molecules, the Fourier transform of spectral lines, rapid pulsations, and finally the ETI signal predicted by Borra (2012). They dismiss molecules or pulsations as causes, and they deem it highly unlikely that the signals are caused by the Fourier analysis itself. This leaves two possible sources for the detected signals. Either they’re a result of the Sloan instrument itself and the data reduction, or they are in fact a signal from extra-terrestrial intelligences.
This graph shows the number of detected signals by Spectral Type of star. Image: Ermanno F. Borra and Eric Trottier
The detected signals are pulses of light separated by a constant time interval. These types of signals were predicted by Borra in his 2012 paper, and they are what he and Trottier set out to find in the Sloan data. It may be a bit of a red flag when scientist’s find the very thing they predicted they would find. But Trottier and Borra are circumspect about their own results.
As the authors say in their paper, “Although unlikely, there is also a possibility that the signals are due to highly peculiar chemical compositions in a small fraction of galactic halo stars.” It may be unlikely, but lots of discoveries seem unlikely at first. Maybe there is a tiny subset of stars with chemical peculiarities that make them act in this way.
To sum it all up, the two astronomers have found a tiny number of stars, very similar to our own Sun, that seem to be the source of pulsed signals. These signals are the same as predicted if a technological society was using powerful lasers to communicate with distant stars.
We all want there to be aliens, and maybe the first sign of them will be pulsed light signals from stars like our own Sun. But it’s all still very preliminary, and as the authors acknowledge, “…at this stage, this hypothesis needs to be confirmed with further work.”
Breakthrough team don’t seem that excited about Borra’s findings. They’ve already poured cold water on it, trotting out the old axiom that “Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence” in a statement on Borra’s paper. They also give Borra’s findings a score of 0 to 1 on the Rio Scale. The Rio Scale is something used by the international SETI community to rank detections of phenomena that could indicate advanced life beyond Earth. A rating of 0 to 1 means its insignificant.
Octopuses are known to be intelligent, advanced creatures, able to create their own shelter, change color in an instant and even adapt well to climate change.
In a new study, a group of 33 international scientists suggest these unique traits may have an unearthly origin. They investigated the theory that octopuses may have evolved from life forms that came to earth on ancient comets.
This isn’t a new concept. Scientists have been grappling with the origins of life on our planet for centuries. And this study adds an intriguing look into the theory of panspermia, that suggests the evolution of life on Earth has, and continues to be, influenced by the arrival of organisms from space.
The study has faced some criticism, but the scientists have also supported their claims with well-established research. Let’s take a closer look at their findings.
THE THEORY OF PANSPERMIA
In the 1980s, astronomer Fred Hoyle teamed up with astrobiologist Chandra Wickramasinghe to propose that life didn’t originate on earth. In fact, life was seeded on our planet by comets carrying space-hardy bacteria, viruses and perhaps even fertilized eggs and plant seeds. This concept is scientifically known as “panspermia”.
The earliest microbial life found on Earth was discovered in Canadian rocks and is estimated to be about 4.1-4.23 billion years old. This was during the Hadean epoch, when the earth was still forming its core and crust, as well as its atmosphere and oceans. Our planet had frequent and violent collisions with asteroids and comets during that period, and the surface was still extremely hot and unstable.
The study’s researchers propose that it was impossible for life to have formed on Earth during this time. The first microbes found in Canada were most likely delivered by comets and meteorites that impacted with our planet, and these microbes went on to become the basis of terrestrial life on Earth.
WHAT CAN ACTUALLY SURVIVE ON A COMET?
Comet-hopping life forms may sound far-fetched, but research is starting to show this may be a distinct reality. Evidence has found that comets would have contained vast amounts of water in their interiors when they were first formed billions of years ago at the dawn of our solar system. These protected, watery environments would have provided ideal conditions for early bacteria and viruses to grow and multiply.
The discovery of a wide variety ofancient organic particlesin comets also supports this theory. Organic particles areimportant precursorsfor the creation of molecules that are the foundation of life, such as sugars, amino acids and DNA bases.
Once comets had cooled down and after millions of years in space, evidence suggests the primitive bacteria and viruses living on them became embedded in rock, carbonaceous material or ice. This effectively protected them from the intense radiation and sub-zero temperatures encountered in space.
Although not proven, it is also possible that more complex life forms, such as fertilized eggs and plant seeds, could also have survived in similar conditions.
Masters of disguise – Mediterranean Octopus
WHAT OCTOPUSES CAN TELL US ABOUT EVOLUTION
Octopuses are actually related to slugs and snails. They belong to a group of mollusks known as cephalopods that developed about 500 million years ago during what’s known as the Cambrian Explosion. This was a time when life in the earth’s oceans went through a dramatic stage of diversification and evolution, and most of the ancestors of modern life were born.
The new study, titled “Cause of the Cambrian Explosion – Terrestrial or Cosmic?”, investigated panspermia and how it may relate to the Cambrian Explosion, and the rise of life forms like octopuses. They made a few important conclusions.
1. Virus-bearing comets fueled the Cambrian Explosion.
Viruses are the smallest living organism on earth, and they reproduce by attaching themselves to a host cell in another living organism and inserting their own genetic material into the cell. This changes the genetic structure of the host cells, which can cause disease in the host.
This also means that a viral infection can alter the host’s genetic code, and potentially change its course of evolution. Retroviruses are a specific type of virus that first appeared and multiplied just before the Cambrian Explosion.
And the researchers believe these retroviruses came from cometary bombardment the Earth was experiencing around the same time. As the comets broke up and left debris trails in the Earth’s atmosphere, dormant retroviruses were released and spread across our planet’s surface.
This wide-spread introduction of new genetic material in the form of viruses affected the development of life in our planet’s oceans, and potentially all land-dwelling life forms that came later.
2. Octopuses appeared too abruptly to have evolved on Earth.
The introduction of interstellar viruses may have increased the genetic diversity of life on our planet, but octopuses have some unique genetic traits that simply don’t make sense from an evolutionary stand point.
Genetically, octopuses are significantly different than most other life forms on Earth. Their large brains, sophisticated nervous systems, flexible bodies and ability to instantly switch color and shape are still very unique compared to other modern life forms.
And these striking traits appeared very suddenly on the evolutionary scene about 270 million years ago. The research group concluded that this sudden “great leap forward” would be impossible in such a short time frame.
“Thus the possibility that cryopreserved squid and/or octopus eggs, arrived in icy bolides several hundred million years ago should not be discounted,” the researchers say.
HOW DOES THIS RELATE TO LIFE ON EARTH TODAY?
We may never know whether or not octopus eggs actually arrived on Earth from outer space, but the theory of panspermia does hold the potential for a radical shift in our world view.
The research group concluded their study by discussing the need to change from our outdated view of life originating exclusively on Earth to one incorporating “cosmic biology,” which recognizes the scientific evidence that life on our planet may have been, and continues to be, influenced by organisms that arrive from outer space.
They also point out the vast number of Earth-like planets and other life-friendly planetary bodies that exist in our galaxy, and the potential for billions of exchanges of material between them through meteorites, cometary bolides and even space dust.
“One is thus forced in our view to conclude that the entire galaxy (and perhaps our local group of galaxies) constitutes a single connected biosphere,” the researchers write.
What do you think? Is Earth part of an intergalactic web of life? Or are we alone in the universe? Please share your thoughts in the comments!
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Baalbek In Lebanon: Megaliths Of The Gods Full Lecture, Why We Can't Build Them Today, Nov 2018, UFO Sighting News.
Baalbek In Lebanon:Megaliths Of The Gods Full Lecture, Why We Can't Build Them Today, Nov 2018, UFO Sighting News.
Date of video: Nov 2018 This is a video by the famous Brian Forester. His analyses of different ancient structures, shapes, configuration are very thought provoking. He says these structures are impossible to have been made with primitive tools and methods. I have to agree, even with todays advanced technology, I highly doubt that we will ever see an actual 100% replica of the great pyramids ever built in our lifetime. The blocks of stone are too big, too heavy and too solid. Todays tech and machines are not use to such incredible weights and sizes. To build an Egyptian pyramid that matches in every way to the original...whole new tools, transportation, machines and methods would have to be invented. Today in 2018, we just couldn't do it. Scott C. Waring
Bright UFO Captured Over Kent, England. November 3, 2018, UFO Sighting News.
Bright UFO Captured Over Kent, England. November 3, 2018, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 3, 2018 Location of sighting: Kent, England Glowing lights are once of the types of UFOs often seen during UFO encounters. I myself have seen more than my share. This has a shape of a AI drone ship. One that can travel at incredible speed and not have to worry about passengers, however aliens can see, hear, smell, feel the wind and even monitor a humans thoughts and things when using this drone to interact with its surrounds. Scott C. Waring Video states:
This footage was was filmed by Pete Tyas at 06:30am in the town of Deal in Kent, England. We can see this bright object moving silently through the early morning sky. Also it looks like the object has dropped something but it could be a star but there is no doubt about the bigger craft.
Linda Moulton Howe: Extraterrestrials Are Likely Someone Else's Machines via Artificial Intelligence (Video)
Linda Moulton Howe: Extraterrestrials Are Likely Someone Else's Machines via Artificial Intelligence (Video)
Linda Moulton Howe starts off with Elon Musk’s comments to American governors at a meeting in Rhode Island: “Artificial Intelligence is a fundamental risk to the existence of human civilization and I don’t think people really appreciate that.” With video and images, Linda will lay out the emerging problems of applying A. I. to robots, especially those under development for military applications with weapons, and those problems include the potential for robots to lethally turn on their human makers.
As humanity is rapidly moving to depend on A. I. robot support, people in the UFO/E.T. abduction syndrome have been saying for decades that some of the beings they have dealt with were clearly Someone else’s programmed androids and robots.
Russia UFOs: Something Not From This Earth Is in the Skies and Waters There (Video)
Russia UFOs: Something Not From This Earth Is in the Skies and Waters There (Video)
Mysterious events are occurring in Russia in the form of UFOs and USOs. The topics presented at the lecture are listed below: Ancient Russia and the Russian Empire’s UFO sightings.
The Tunguska Object and other mysteries before 1917. KGB and UFOs in the USSR.The most important UFO cases of the Soviet Union. UFOs over the Caucasus, Siberia, Russia’s North and Far East: then and now.
UFOs in the oceans and space from the secret files and heretofore unavailable information regarding USOs (unidentified submersible objects) and sightings of UFOs by Russian cosmonauts.
This gold-anodized aluminum plaque was attached to the Pioneer 10 spacecraft before it was launched into space on March 2, 1972. Scientists Carl and Linda Sagan and Frank Drake designed the plaque that was attached to Pioneer 10 to communicate with extraterrestrial beings. (Note: Due to size limitations, the entire plaque is not pictured here.)
NASA/GETTY IMAGES
One of the biggest voices in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, or SETI, once wrote that humans should be prepared to deal not just with aliens, but also with their artificial intelligence. Seth Shostak, senior astronomer for the SETI Institute, based his argument on watching us create both basic AI and cloud computing technology and sending robots to explore places we currently can't go. If we can do that, why couldn't an alien species do something similar?
The communication part is where it gets tricky. The prospect of getting aliens to understand what we're saying is hard enough. What chance would an alien machine have? After all, whatever signals we send might seem based on immutable laws of math to most of us, but they'd be arbitrary to an extraterrestrial mind, organic or synthetic. For instance, the fact that we divide information into bits and bytes, that each byte contains eight bits, and there are 1024 bytes in a kilobyte are consequences of computing being adjusted to better handle certain arbitrary communication protocols. So, while we could imagine beaming pulses that are neatly decoded into greetings and instructions for alien probes, how do we know that these machines could understand our Earth-centric standards?
Shostak says we shouldn't worry about that. An alien machine could do what we do when we're trying to understand a different language. They could parse it for distinct patterns, notice repetitions and conclude that what they're receiving is an intelligent signal.
"If you just said lots of things," he explains, "and no matter what is at the other end, if it's an intelligent machine, then it can certainly go through all that information and pick out the redundancies. Even if it's little gray guys with big eyeballs, they probably have some big computers and so they could do the same thing with their computers."
In fact, he argues that trying to send a large volume of data is a more efficient way for aliens to understand our language, more efficient than signals showing that we understand the laws of mathematics. Faced with vast amounts of data, alien machinery could build up a large list of nouns and learn to associate them with certain images.
"If they were parsing [the digital version of] The Library of Congress, they would quickly learn that the name for this square thing with four wheels is 'automobile,'" he says. "What will be hard is understanding verbs, but they could certainly pull out sequences and try to figure them out, kind of how you learn to read actually, although you'd already know the language."
Of course, there's only so far we can broadcast our radio signals, and there are only so many targets at which we can aim our lasers. But let's say that at some point alien machines do encounter our probes. It's very unlikely the two devices will be able to successfully communicate because in a few hundred years the electronics on our probes would fail thanks to wear and tear and the radiation of outer space. It's also statistically unlikely they'd be quickly found by an alien spaceship. However, says Shostak, that doesn't mean there wouldn't be a lot for aliens to learn from the discovery, starting with analyzing the probes' levels of technology.
"Say something happened to Christopher Columbus' ships and they all sank except maybe one," he elaborates. "So imagine that Santa Maria washes up on the shore and Native Americans go down and take a look at this ship. What can they tell about the culture that was on the other side of the ocean that launched this ship? Well, they have metal, and they have big pieces of cloth that serve some function they can probably figure out what the purpose of it was. They'd see a rudder and certainly know what a rudder was. They could certainly learn a lot from just the technology about the relative technical sophistication of the culture at the other end."
Each of the two Voyager spacecraft launched in 1977 carry one of the 12-inch gold-plated phonograph records pictured here, replete with images and sounds from Earth.
NASA
And while Shostak says aliens are probably never going to run into the Voyager or the Pioneer probes, they'd be intrigued with the technology we put into them, more intrigued than with any plaques adorning said probes. If anything, he argues that equipping probes for first contact should be done with as much data as possible and allow alien machines to figure out the rest.
In other words, aliens will understand our communication protocols as long as we're consistent about the ones we send and we make sure to give them a lot of data so they can decipher that they're dealing with a language. How much time and energy they'll invest in their process will likely be determined by their priorities and the limitations of their machines' programming, but it's unlikely that alien machines and their handlers won't at least recognize that they've made first contact with something out there.
NOW THAT'S INTERESTING
Shostak also suggests using a kind of interstellar braille on crystals that can survive for extremely long periods, "sort of like a CD designed for the rigors of space" that can still be read by scanners since an alien machine would be able to notice the patterns of redundancies and start the process of deciphering what we have to teach it.
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11-11-2018
Bizarre Light Orbs Over California Prompt Interstellar Visitor Theories (VIDEO)
Bizarre Light Orbs Over California Prompt Interstellar Visitor Theories (VIDEO)
A clip with a mysterious flying object, uploaded by an ordinary YouTube user, has been quickly picked up by Disclose Screen, a popular channel among UFO enthusiasts.
Chris Wilson managed to capture a free-falling object that emanated a bright white light, hovering over San Diego, California at sunset. At one point, the alleged UFO split into two, which stunned Wilson, who, nevertheless, continued filming:
“That’s crazy. Woah, what the hell, it's stopped its free-fall and now there are two.”
YouTube users, who probably have a thing for conspiracy theories, appeared to be impressed with the video, leaving comments such as: “Cool, NASA will say it’s [sic] balloons or reflections,” “Wow, crazy. Great catch,” “Alien invasion” or “The war of Armageddon is raging.”
Another user suggested that “an object flying straight away from you will appear to be descending. Helicopters and drones can easily hover and change direction in mid air,” while a fellow YouTuber wrote that there was a marine base north west of the place where the sighting took place.
Sur les fonds du littoral breton, on ne trouve pas que des épaves, mais aussi de bien curieux mégalithes qui semblent bien ne pas avoir été déposés par hasard à une profondeur d’une vingtaine de mètres. Une étrange pyramide engloutie se dresse ainsi dans les profondeurs du golfe du Morbihan. Sa position et des marques découvertes sur les rochers environnants prouvent que son origine n’a rien de naturel. Sa présence tendrait à conforter l’hypothèse d’une montée des eaux beaucoup plus importante qu’il est communément admis, il y a environ 5000 ans…
Il est des secrets qui dorment sous nos yeux, jusque devant nos portes, oubliés de tous, sortis de la mémoire collective à tel point que personne n’est en mesure aujourd’hui de retrouver leur origine…
C’est le cas en Bretagne sud, dans le golfe du Morbihan, une petite mer intérieure (traduction littérale de Mor-Bihan) de 15 km de long sur 12 km de large, parsemée d’une myriade d’îles et d’îlots, ne communiquant avec l’océan que par un goulet de 900m de large, se remplissant et se vidant toutes les six heures au rythme des marées en engendrant de redoutables courants pouvant dépasser 15km/h. Là, les tombants, dont la profondeur n’excède guère 25 m, sont d’une extraordinaire richesse en faune et en flore.
C’est là, le long des tombants de la pointe Sud-Ouest de l’île Longue, non loin de l’accès du golfe à la mer libre, que j’ai découvert une énigme à laquelle personne, jusqu’à présent, n’a pu fournir d’explication.
La pyramide est posée par 23m de fond
Là, en un lieu nommé ”les Gorets”, j’ai fait la découverte d’une curieuse pyramide monolithique, sous une vingtaine de mètres d’eau. Elle semble taillée dans le granit et possède trois faces sur une base triangulaire (c’est un tétraède). Les faces sont lisses, les angles sont vifs et elles sont d’inégales surfaces. La plus grande, orientée vers l’Ouest, est parallèle au tombant. La base de la pierre est située, par marée haute de coefficient moyen, à 23m de la surface. Sa hauteur est de 1,70m. La roche est rougeâtre, peut-être du granit rose ou du porphyre ? Je l’ai mesurée pour en calculer le volume puis le poids : celui-ci doit être d’environ 1,4 tonne. Une prospection au détecteur de métaux dans les alentours n’a rien donné : pas de trésor, ni de métal en vue !
Emplacement actuel de la pyramide, à la pointe de l’Ile Longue
Que fait à cet endroit cette bizarre structure ? Trois hypothèses ont été émises quant à la présence de ce monolithe en ce lieu et à cette profondeur. J’ai d’abord pensé à une pierre taillée tombée d’un bateau. Nous savons en effet que les anciens transportaient par voie d’eau des blocs découpés destinés à des constructions lointaines. Mais le fait que cette pierre pointue (les angles au sommet sont inférieurs à 90°) me semble mal convenir à une bâtisse, il est peu vraisemblable qu’elle soit tombée la pointe bien orientée vers le haut, la plus grande face exactement parallèle au tombant.
La deuxième hypothèse me fut suggérée par David, un ami moniteur local. ”Tu sais, m’avait-il dit, c’est probablement une formation géologique naturelle. Les roches en cristallisant donnent parfois ce genre de structure. Regarde par exemple la Chaussée des Géants en Irlande”. Certes, mais ce sont des roches éruptives comme le basalte qui forment naturellement ces constructions géométriques. Or notre pyramide semble en granit qui n’est pas d’origine volcanique. D’ailleurs, le volcanisme récent est inexistant dans le vieux massif armoricain et il n’y a nulle part, en surface, de monolithe de ce genre. Les roches, érodées, sont arrondies.
Autrefois, le Golfe du Morbihan n’était que le confluent marécageux de plusieurs rivières, le niveau de la mer était bien plus bas qu’aujourd’hui. La pyramide était alors sur le rivage.
La troisième hypothèse était que cette pierre, appartenant au substrat, avait été taillée par la main de l’homme pour en faire un amer, marquer un lieu sacré ou Dieu sait quoi d’autre. Car n’oublions pas que nous sommes en plein cœur d’une région extrêmement riche en monuments mégalithiques. Les célèbres menhirs des alignements de Carnac ne sont, à vol d’oiseau, qu’à 14 km. Bien plus près, à environ 1 200 m, le tumulus de Gavrinis abrite une allée couverte ornée d’énigmatiques gravures. Mieux encore, en face de Gavrinis se trouve l’îlot d’Er-Lannic. Celui-ci, classé réserve ornithologique, possède sur sa pente sud-est deux cromlechs (un cromlech est un ensemble de menhirs-pierres dressées disposés en forme de fer à cheval). Le premier, parfaitement visible quand on passe en bateau, est semi-immergé. Quant au second, il est complètement recouvert par en moyenne 3 à 4 m d’eau. Il ne se laisse entrevoir que par grande marée basse. Preuve indubitable que le niveau des eaux a monté dans le golfe depuis l’érection de ces monuments. Des fouilles effectuées par des archéologues et des plongeurs locaux ont permis tout d’abord de faire un relevé précis de ces alignements puis de dater leur édification à 3 500 av. JC, période d’apogée du Néolithique en Armorique. Notre pyramide pourrait donc faire partie de cet ensemble de constructions préhistoriques.
De nombreux mégalithe sont aujourd’hui immergés par la montée des eaux.
Problème : les eaux du golfe, d’après les spécialistes, ont dû monter de 7 à 8 m depuis 5500 ans. Or la pyramide est à -23m ! Donc, soit le niveau de la mer s’est beaucoup plus élevé que ce que l’on pense, soit le monolithe est beaucoup plus ancien et aurait été recouvert lors de la fonte des glaciers mettant un terme à la glaciation de Wurm. C’est-à-dire au plus tard vers 8000 av. J.C.! Pourtant les archéologues nous ont appris que les plus vieux mégalithes bretons datent d’environ 4500 av. J.C. Nous étions donc loin du compte !
Quelques années passèrent depuis cette curieuse découverte. Une observation plus attentive me permit de constater que la pyramide n’appartenait pas au substrat mais était ”simplement” posée sur le sol rocheux de surface inégale, créant ainsi des cavités abritant congres ou homards. Posée oui, mais par qui et pourquoi ?
J’en étais là de mes interrogations quand, passant fin juillet faire gonfler mon bloc au Crouesty (grand port de plaisance situé près de l’entrée du golfe), Martial ami de longue date, me fit une confidence qui m’intrigua : ” j’ai trouvé, il y a peu, près de la pyramide, un triangle gravé sur la face plate d’une roche, tu devrais allez voir”.
Confiant en sa parole et en son œil exercé (il avait déjà découvert, dans la même zone, en faisant des baptêmes, un petit muret d’un demi-mètre de haut dissimulé dans les algues) je mouillais, début août, mon bateau aux Gorets et plongeais. Suivant ses indications je ne tardais pas à trouver, à cinq mètres (distance mesurée) de notre monolithe une pierre portant, grossièrement gravé, le dessin d’un triangle ! Coïncidence ?
Le signe gravé dans la pierre, découvert récemment à 5m de la pyramide.
Je le nettoyais puis revenais le mesurer. Il était représenté pointe vers le bas, son plus grand côté faisant 43cm, les deux autres respectivement 36 et 28cm. Etant dessinateur de métier, j’en traçais un plan à l’échelle ¼. Je mesurais son angle au sommet : 85°, presque un angle droit. Mais aussi pratiquement le même angle au sommet de la grande face de la pyramide, celle qui est parallèle au tombant ! Là les coïncidences devenaient trop nombreuses pour que ce soit seulement le hasard. Il s’agissait dès lors de raisonner logiquement.
Pour moi ce triangle sommairement gravé le fut pour indiquer à ceux qui allaient amener la pyramide que c’était là l’endroit où la placer. Il s’agissait d’un emplacement bien précis, ne devant rien au hasard (il n’y a que 5m de la gravure à la pyramide), mais dont nous ignorons la signification.
Sur l’île Longue, à quelques dizaines de mètres de la pyramide, se trouve une allée couverte dont les parois sont recouvertes de mystérieuses gravures
N’oublions pas qu’il y a, sur l’extrémité Sud de l’île Longue, donc à quelques dizaines de mètres de la pyramide, une allée couverte (propriété privée, la visite en est interdite) dont les parois sont recouvertes des mêmes mystérieuses gravures que celles du cairn de Gavrinis datant de 3700 av. J.C et situé à 1000m de là. Gravures qui à ce jour n’ont jamais pu être interprétées. On ne sait d’ailleurs pratiquement rien sur le peuple qui a couvert de monuments mégalithiques toute cette région de Bretagne Sud. N’ayant pas d’écriture ils n’ont laissé de leur présence que ces énormes blocs de pierre érigés en menhirs, dolmens, allées couvertes ou cairns.
Les gravures n’ont jamais pu être interprétées.
Songeons que le grand menhir (pierre dressée) de Locmariaquer, situé à la pointe Ouest de l’entrée du golfe, aujourd’hui abattu et cassé en quatre morceaux, faisait 20m de long et pesait 300 tonnes ! (A titre comparatif, l’obélisque de la Concorde à Paris pèse 200 tonnes). Il fut érigé vers 4500 av. J.C., soit 2000 ans avant les pyramides d’Egypte, et auparavant déplacé sur 17km ! Il fallait à un peuple capable d’un tel exploit une organisation sociale élaborée, avec des décideurs, des concepteurs, des cadres et de la main-d’œuvre. Il avait également besoin d’une intendance pour outiller, loger, nourrir tout ce monde. Et tous ces gens avaient surtout une foi profonde envers leurs dieux, car tous ces édifices avaient selon toute vraisemblance, un but religieux.
Le grand menhir brisé de Locmariaquer qui pèse plus de 300 tonnes
Déplacer une pierre pyramidale d’un peu plus d’une tonne pour l’installer en un endroit pré-déterminé ne devait donc pas leur poser de gros problèmes. Reste celui de la profondeur à laquelle reposent pyramide et triangle. Certes nous avons la preuve que le niveau de la mer s’est élevé au cours des siècles : face à Gavrinis se trouve l’îlot d’Er-Lannic. Il possède sur sa pente Sud-Est deux cromlechs, ensemble de menhirs disposés en demi-cercle. Le premier parfaitement visible est semi-immergé. Le second est complètement recouvert par 3 ou 4m d’eau. D’autres sites en Bretagne ont également les ”pieds dans l’eau” : dolmen de Kerroyal au fond du golfe, menhir de Penglaouic à Loctudy, allée couverte de Guinirvit en Finistère Nord, etc…
Cette montée des eaux, appelée ”transgression flandrienne”, est due à la fonte des glaciers du Nord de l’Europe à la fin de la glaciation de Wurm il y a 10-12000 ans. Mais elle ne dépasse pas, aux dires des hydrologues, 7 à 8m en 5500 ans. Les géologues nous apprennent aussi que la Scandinavie, libérée du poids de ses glaces, s’élève lentement depuis 10 000 ans et que par contre-coup la péninsule armoricaine s’abaisse sensiblement. Ce phénomène, appelé ”mouvement épirogénique”, accentue encore l’importance de l’ennoyage des estuaires et des plaines basses du littoral breton.
La pyramide engloutie garde son mystère
Alors, pour que la pyramide ait été placée là où elle est, c’est à dire à plus de vingt mètres de la surface actuelle, il n’y a que deux possibilités :
soit le niveau des eaux dans ce qui deviendra le golfe du Morbihan, est vers 5000 av. J.C. (en admettant que notre pierre fasse partie des tous premiers mégalithes) beaucoup plus bas que ce qui est généralement admis et que donc la montée des eaux a été plus importante et plus rapide que ce que nous pensons.
Soit la pyramide est beaucoup plus vieille et a été positionnée vers la fin de la dernière glaciation, c’est à dire vers 8000 av.J.C. ! C’est ce que pense le plongeur- spéléo Francis Le Guen qui lui, a trouvé un petit dolmen par 25m de fond en Finistère Nord. Mais dans ce cas quelle population aurait été capable à cette époque, d’une telle réalisation ?
Pour ma part je pencherais plutôt pour la première hypothèse. Seules les rivières de Vannes et d’Auray serpentaient dans la plaine cernée de mamelons rocheux qu’était alors le golfe. Elles ne devaient pas être très profondes et peu soumises à la marée, la mer libre étant beaucoup plus loin, au delà de Houat et peut-être de Belle-Ile. Aujourd’hui le fond moyen de cette zone est d’environ -25m. Si on admet une profondeur des deux rivières à l’époque de 4 à 5m on a donc un rivage dans les -20m actuel ce qui nous place la pyramide en bordure du flot, mais à sec.
Quand à savoir qu’elle était l’utilité réelle de notre pyramide c’est un mystère dont je laisse la résolution aux archéologues. Mais je pense qu’une extension des recherches sous-marines dans le golfe du Morbihan, malgré les difficultés (courant, trafic), pourrait nous apporter d’autres intéressantes découvertes.
Attention !
Si vous désirez plonger dans le golfe, sachez que c’est une zone dangereuse pour le néophyte. Les courants y sont violents et changeants ; le trafic en été y est intense. Il est donc grandement préférable de s’adresser aux très sérieux clubs locaux.
Bibliographie :
Giot P.R. La Bretagne des Mégalithes Ed. Ouest France ; Lecerf Y. Mémoire de pierres Ed. Cloître ; Lecerf Y. La Bretagne préhistorique Ed. Skol Vreizh ; Mohen J.P. Pierres vives de la préhistoire Ed. Odile Jacob ; Politzer A. er M. Des Mégalithes et des Hommes Ed. Coop Breizh
Stunned dad spots ‘submerged plane’ on Google Earth in the sea off Scotland – but is all as it seems?
Stunned dad spots ‘submerged plane’ on Google Earth in the sea off Scotland – but is all as it seems?
Robert Morton, 55, found the incredible image under the sea near Edinburgh
By James Cox
A SHOCKED dad couldn't believe his eyes after spotting a submerged plane on Google Earth.
Robert Morton, 55, found the incredible image under the sea near Edinburgh.
GOOGLE EARTH
A dad from Doncaster was shocked to find a submerged plane under the sea on Google Earth, near Scotland
The father-of-three, from Doncaster, said the image appears to show an airliner underneath the waves.
He told Mirror Online that the discovery was "incredible and very strange".
Robert, a mechanical fitter, said: "I was just looking on Google Earth on Monday and, by chance, I came across the picture of the aircraft.
"It looks like it is the sea, just off the coast of Edinburgh. It looks like it is underwater.
GOOGLE EARTH
But is there another explanation of why the plane is 'in the sea'?
"Its very, very strange. It's incredible.
"I have never actually seen an aircraft on Google Earth so it is very strange. It appears to be underwater."
The bizarre image can be found around nine miles from Edinburgh airport, off the Scottish coast near Portobello.
So what is the story behind the picture?
Robert says he has never heard of a plane crash in that region - and suggests there is an Earthly solution to the mystery.
The plane can be found 9 miles from Edinburgh airport, off the coast near Portobello
GOOGLE EARTH
How did the plane get down there...or is it down there at all?
He described his find as a "Google anomaly".
Robert added added: "I know the picture of the plane isn't really in the water, its probably the satellite looking down on it through thin cloud giving it that appearance."
Researchers just test-fired a new type of ion thruster that “breathes” air, and one day, it could help humanity reach Mars and beyond.
Better propulsion systems are key to advancing our space capabilities, and one of the most promising kinds is ion propulsion. An ion thruster “ionizes” a propellant, most commonly xenon, by either adding electrons to it or taking electrons away. This creates thrust that can position a satellite or propel spacecraft, for example.
Ion thrusters are much cleaner, safer, and more fuel-efficient than standard rocket engines. However, they are still limited by the amount of propellant their craft can carry.
Scientists at the European Space Agency (ESA), Polish company QuinteScience, and Italian space company SITAEL hope to change that. The team has successfully tested an ion thruster that utilizes a method known as air-breathing electric propulsion (ABEP), or RAM electrical propulsion. That means it quite literally runs on air.
Image Credit: ESA
While ABEP is not a new concept, the ESA’s prototype is the first of its kind. It works by sucking in air molecules from the top of Earth’s atmosphere. Then, it gives those molecules an electric charge and accelerates them. Finally, it ejects the ionized molecules back out into space. This ejection of ions is what causes thrust.
After running a number of successful computer simulations, the team decided it was time to test their thruster in the physical world.
The group set up a vacuum chamber at the SITAEL’s test facility in Italy to replicate conditions 200 kilometers (124 miles) above Earth’s surface. Through a series of tests, they proved they could ignite the system using solely an atmospheric mix of nitrogen and oxygen.
“This result means air-breathing electric propulsion is no longer simply a theory but a tangible, working concept, ready to be developed, to serve one day as the basis of a new class of missions,” Louis Walpot, an ESA aerospace engineer, said in a statement.
Slow And Steady
This “air-breathing” thruster may not be as powerful as some other ion thrusters in development, including NASA’s X3, but what it lacks in power, it makes up for in potential longevity.
Because they can pull fuel from the air, these ion thrusters could expand our reach into space. A craft could travel from one atmosphere to the next, “refueling” at each before continuing on its journey. Instead of causing drag, air would become a fuel source.
Of course, any long-distance trips would still take a long time, but at least we’d have the ability to eventually reach objects much farther away.
A hypothetical design of a craft using the ESA’s air-breathing ion propulsion system. Image Credit: ESA
Besides supporting future long-distance missions, these air-powered thrusters could be superior alternatives to the thrusters that currently help satellites maintain their positioning. Those systems eventually run out of propellant and can no longer function, as was the case with the ESA’s Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite.
The ESA’s ion thruster could also cut down on the weight of spacecraft, which is a constant limiting factor for launches. The GOCE satellite, for example, carried 40 kilograms (88 pounds) of xenon for propellant. Getting rid of this weight could be a significant benefit to using these thrusters.
While it isn’t the most powerful propulsion system, the ESA’s new ion thruster design has clear advantages over older designs. Eventually, it could become the propulsion system of choice for spacecraft engineers.
The US government made a pact with Aliens for otherworldly technology
The US government made a pact with Aliens for otherworldly technology
There are numerous Ufologists who claim that extraterrestrial beings have worked with our government for years. This theory, which has been seriously ridiculed by many, might actually be true since numerous scientists and governmental official have come forward suggesting that there is more to alien life on Earth than previously believed.
Philip Schneider was a man who is believed to have come forward with highly classified information. He was a geologist and structural engineer of the Government of the United States and was involved in the construction of deep underground military bases in the United States with the Army Corps of Engineers. He was one of three people to survive the 1979 fire fight between the large Greys and U.S. intelligence and military forces at Dulce underground base. At Dulce, Schneider maintained, “gray” humanoid extraterrestrials worked side by side with American technicians. In 1979, a misunderstanding arose. In the ensuing shootout, 66 Secret Service, FBI and Black Berets were killed along with an unspecified number of “grays”.
Philip Schneider’s father, Oscar Schneider was a medical advisor to the US Navy. During the last two years of his life, Phil Schneider gave over 30 lectures to a variety of audiences around the world talking about highly classified information of the government involving alien technology, alien weapons, experiments and pacts between governments worldwide and aliens.
Many people remained skeptical about what Schneider had brought forward and much of his life was seriously questioned by people worldwide. He was ridiculed by many, but there were many who believed that what Schneider was telling was the absolute truth, something that no one dared to talk about.
Mysteriously in 1996, Schneider was found dead in his apartment. Authorities said it was a suicide, but many people believe that Schneider was killed because he had leaked extremely classified information to the public.
In 1954, former President Dwight Eisenhower, made a pact with three species of aliens, Schneider said at a conference in 1995. n exchange for alien technology, Eisenhower allegedly gave permission for the aliens to abduct a limited number human beings to perform numerous experiments on Earth and in space.
Schneider said that many of the thousands people who have gone missing around the world, may have been taken by aliens. He said there are nine races of aliens who see the human race as “a bag of food.”
According to Schneider, the technology that aliens gave us as part of this exchange includes a type of metal that is almost indestructible. Schneider showed the audience what he said was a piece of this metal. It is made of niobium, an element that we have in the periodic table, and Marinite, a strange element which is not found on Earth.
But there were other technological utilities that aliens gave to humans thanks to the pacts. The government was able to develop a spy satellite with help of aliens that can detect a penny on the floor of your kitchen according to Schneider. This spy-satellite uses some sort of infrared technology with a resolution factor of 99.99961.
But this pact was broken by the aliens since they have abducted way more aliens than agreed. According to Schneider, since the pact was broken there have been tensions among alien races and humans.
The debate over who arrived in the New World first is a contentious one. Their identities aside, nobody can quite decide how those first Americans traveled or how they dispersed once they arrived. But now, a new study published in Cell, illuminating the genetic history of some of those early travelers, reveals a unifying thread.
An international team of scientists announced Thursday that the majority of people in Central and South America can be linked to a single ancestral lineage of humans who journeyed across the Bering Strait at least 15,000 years ago. After their journey southward into the new world, this source population broke into at least three branches, which diversified and spread, some of them back toward the north.
Two of those branches are new to science. One is unexpectedly connected to the Clovis people — who were thought to be the first Americans until the early 2000s— whereas the other links ancient North Americans to people who lived in Southern Peru and Northern Chile at least 4,200 years ago.
“These [findings] are fascinating as they open new gateways into archeological and genetic research,” explains co-author and Harvard Ph.D. candidate Nathan Nakatuska to Inverse. “It was previously not known that the Clovis culture extended into South America, and it is incredible that these people were able to migrate all the way through North, Central, and South America. In addition, the new migration into the Southern Andes was not previously known, and we are unsure what historical events led to this.”
The majority of Central and South American ancestry arrived from at least three different streams of people.
Nakatuska and his colleagues analyzed DNA from 49 ancient individuals who once lived in what is now Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the southernmost parts of Chile and Argentina and died between 10,900 and 8,600 ago. The team worked with government agencies and indigenous people to identify the samples, extract powder from skeletal material, and extract the DNA necessary to created double-stranded DNA libraries.
The use of DNA is one of the most novel aspects of this research. When studying migration of ancient peoples, other scientists often have to rely on other factors, such as old footprints or lice.
This broad dataset allowed the team to link genetic exchanges between people in North and South America and confirm the common origin of North, Central, and South Americans. The analysis made it clear that the original “source” population, fresh off the Bering Strait, diversified before they spread into South America.
What surprised the study authors most was the genetic connection they found between the Clovis culture and South America. About 13,000 years ago, the Clovis were distributed across North America. Though they were long thought to be the first Americans, findings of even older remains stripped them of that title. In the new paper, the team links DNA from a Clovis boy who lived in Montana about 12,800 years ago to some of the data set’s oldest individuals, who lived much farther south, in modern-day Belize, Chile, and Brazil.
“This [previously unknown gene flow event] suggests that, surprisingly, the genetic ancestry of people who produced the Clovis culture expanded further south,” explains first author and Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History researcher Cosimo Posth, Ph.D. to Inverse. “However, this ancestry was replaced at least by 9,000 years ago from another lineage, which left a long lasting population continuity until today, in multiple South American regions.”
The second previously unknown population links ancient individuals who lived on California’s Channel Islands to individuals who lived at least 4,200 years ago in Southern Peru and Northern Chile. Posth notes that “this might be linked to a population expansion in the region seen in the archeological record around that time.”
Clovis spearheads found in Iowa.
Nakatuska hopes the team’s research will stimulate further investigation into these genetic bonds and emphasizes the need for researchers to respectfully work with indigenous people. While strides have been made in the past two decades, archeology has a history of cultural imperialism.
“We hope the findings will facilitate greater collaboration and engagement with indigenous communities where the communities are deeply engaged and provide their insights to help drive the science and complement the studies with their own indigenous epistemologies,” Nakatuska says.
“We must ensure that our studies benefit indigenous people, particularly those currently living in the areas near the ancient individuals from our studies.”
Study Summary from Authors:
We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions.
Earlier in 2018, the Curiosity rover found evidence for abundant organic compounds – those containing carbon – on Mars. Does this mean Mars once had life? Or can some other process can explain it? Here’s one idea.
Mars as seen by one of the Viking orbiters in the late 1970s. We now know there are organics there, but where did they come from?
Image via NASA.
For a long time, it wasn’t known if organic compounds – compounds containing carbon – existed on Mars. They are ubiquitous within living things on Earth, but – due to its thinner atmosphere – these compounds would be destroyed on Mars’ surface by strong incoming ultraviolet radiation. Still, scientists have thought that there should be some organics on Mars – hidden within rocks or perhaps just under the surface – even if just very simple ones from the meteorites that strike Mars regularly. Various landers and rovers found hints of organics, but nothing too substantial. Then, earlier in 2018, the Curiosity rover finally hit pay dirt, finding evidence for abundant organics in the ancient mudstone rocks in Gale Crater, which used to be a Martian lake billions of years ago. These carbon molecules ranged from simple to fairly complex, but their actual origin was still unknown. They could be created by abiotic processes (without life). Or they could be the molecular remains of once-living organisms.
Now, a new study by scientists at the Carnegie Institution for Science has shown one possible way that these or similar organics might have been created on Mars. The new peer-reviewed paper – by Andrew Steele and his colleagues – has been published in Science Advances.
The researchers studied organics found in three Martian meteorites – Tissint, Nakhla, and NWA 1950 – and compared them to the organics discovered by Curiosity. They found that both sets of organic carbon were quite similar, suggesting a possible similar origin. From the paper:
Here, we show that Martian meteorites Tissint, Nakhla, and NWA 1950 have an inventory of organic carbon species associated with fluid-mineral reactions that are remarkably consistent with those detected by the Mars Science Laboratory mission[with its Curiosity rover]
Earlier this year, NASA’s Curiosity rover found organic carbon compounds in ancient mudstones, similar to ones previously discovered in Martian meteorites.
Image via NASA/GSFC.
Previously, in 2012, Steele led another team that determined the organics found in 10 different Martian meteorites was indigenous to Mars, not contamination from Earth, but also was not biological in origin. But if those carbon deposits were not biological, then how did they form?According to Steele:
Revealing the processes by which organic carbon compounds form on Mars has been a matter of tremendous interest for understanding its potential for habitability.
Basically, according to the paper, Mars’ organics may have originated from a series of electrochemical reactionsbetween briny liquids and volcanic minerals – in other words, natural “batteries.”
The Tissint Martian meteorite, one of several that were found to contain organic material.
So what about the organics found by Curiosity? Steele and his team looked closer at the organics in the meteorites – using advanced microscopy and spectroscopy – and found that they were likely created by electrochemical corrosion of minerals in Martian rocks by a surrounding salty liquid brine. As Steele noted:
The discovery that natural systems can essentially form a small corrosion-powered battery that drives electrochemical reactions between minerals and surrounding liquid has major implications for the astrobiology field.
A high-resolution transmission electron micrograph (scale 50nm), from a transmission electron microscope, of a grain from the Martian meteorite Nakhla. The organic carbon layers are found between the intact “tines.” This texture is created when the volcanic minerals of the Martian rock interact with a salty brine and become the anode and cathode of a naturally occurring battery in a corrosion reaction. This reaction would then have enough energy – under certain conditions – to synthesize organic carbon.
Image via Andrew Steele/Science Advances.
Does this prove the Curiosity organics were created in the same way? No, but it is a viable answer. Curiosity itself is somewhat limited in being able to determine whether any organics are biological in origin or not. The upcoming 2020 roverwill be able to do that, NASA has said.
The team further postulates that similar processes could also occur on Jupiter’s moon Europa, Saturn’s moon Enceladus and other bodies in our solar system – anywhere that igneous rocks are surrounded by salty brines. This could also have a bearing on their potential habitability as well.
Bottom line: The origin of organics on Mars is still unknown, but this new study from the Carnegie Institution for Science may hold some important clues for how at least some of them were created.
This new Juno spacecraft image shows magnificent, swirling clouds in Jupiter’s dynamic atmosphere. The craft was about 4,400 miles (7,000 km) from the planet’s cloud tops on October 29, over about 40 degrees north.
NASA’s Juno spacecraft captured this image of swirling clouds over Jupiter’s North-North Temperate Belt on October 29, 2018, as the spacecraft performed its 16th close flyby of Jupiter. At the time, Juno was about 4,400 miles (7,000 km) from the planet’s cloud tops, at a latitude of approximately 40 degrees north.
Appearing in the scene are several bright-white “pop-up” clouds as well as an anticyclonic storm, known as a white oval.
Citizen scientists Gerald Eichstädt and Seán Doran created this color-enhanced image using data from the spacecraft’s JunoCam imager. JunoCam’s raw images are available for the public to peruse and to process into image products here.
Bottom line: Image of Jupiter’s clouds by NASA’s Juno spacecraft.
What landed here – a UFO or a meteorite? This 40 meter high geological formation was never thoroughly investigated until the 2000s but Russian scientists seem to have found an explanation.
A gloomy dark mount towers over the bright green landscape of the dense Russian taiga. Looking like a giant speaker – 40 meters high and 100 meters wide – it’s an unexpected site to see in a remote area in the north of Irkutsk region, some 210 km north of the town of Bodaibo.
Until 1949 only a few locals knew about it. They call it the “Fire Eagle’s Nest” and used to think of it as a bad place that even animals avoided. Some who visit this place die a strange death and household animals vanish without a trace. What’s the mystery behind this crater and is there a rational explanation for the all the mysterious activity?
How it was discovered
The scientist who first chanced upon this unique formation was Russian geologist Vadim Kolpakov. In 1949 he came here to conduct research and couldn’t believe his eyes when he saw the crater.
“I thought I was mad,” he recalled. “From a distance it reminded me of a giant pit mine and I even wondered if people were there. Why would they be? This is a dense area of the taiga. Plus there were no NKVD labor camps around here – I knew it for sure. Secondly, I thought that it might be an archeological artefact, but the local Evenk and Yakut people were not ancient Egyptians. They can’t built rock pyramids.”
A closer examination showed that the crater was a large mound made of shattered limestone blocks with a diameter of around 160 meters, with an estimated weight of about one million tons. The crater was coined “Patom” (the name of a nearby river), but wasn’t examined thoroughly until the 2000s due to a lack of funding.
Photograph of Patom Crater (made by M.V. Antipin, view from Dzhebaldo Mount). The diameter of the basement is 125 × 155 m, and the diameter of the annular swell is 80 m. The inset shows the geographical position of Patom Crater(asterisk).
The mystery of “Fire Eagle’s Nest” has fueled various theories, from an alien ship landing to an underground nuclear reaction. Some, including Kolpakov himself, supported the idea that the crater was formed by a meteorite falling on the Patom Highland – people thought it might be a fragment of the Tunguska meteorite that fell in the Siberian taiga in 1908. Others suggested that the crater is a volcanic structure that formed due to gas steam jets from a significant depth along fault zones.
The first complex scientific expedition that visited the site in 2005 didn’t get any answers. The head of the expedition died of a heart attack – a tragedy that some believed was a bad omen.
Still, the scientists continued to examine the area. Subsequent expeditions in the years that followed (2006, 2008, 2010) were more successful. Gathered material from the site showed that the crater formed around 500 years ago (way earlier than the Tunguska meteorite) and that it has a zoned ring structure with individual zones formed at different times.
The scientists eventually discarded the meteoritic theory and cryogenic formation hypothesis (suggesting that the cone formed by the freezing of aquifer sequence) and came to the conclusion that the Patom Crater formed by a phreatic (steam) explosion, that happened either during magma emplacement into hydrous rocks or due to the faulting and decompression of heated hydrous rocks.
Despite this, some prefer to believe in more exciting, farfetched explanations like a tiny fragment of a neutron star falling to Earth – so massive that it punched straight through the Earth and out the other side, through the Patom Crater. It’s not completely unrealistic – two similar events happened in 1993 in different parts of the planet, both within a month of each other.
There’s still no explanation for strange events reportedly happening in the crater’s vicinity. Apart from the magnetic anomaly that was detected during one of the first expeditions there is no confirmed evidence that something big is buried in the center of the crater.
Whichever theory one chooses to believe, the crater will most likely remain one of the most mysterious places in Siberia.
If some good evidence for life after death were announced, I’d be eager to examine it; but it would have to be real scientific data, not mere anecdote. As with the face on Mars and alien abductions, better the hard truth, I say, than the comforting fantasy.
Carl Sagan
There are people who claim that the extraterrestrials abducted them. Brace yourself to get familiar with these true stories because they are sure to give you jitters down your spine. The claims of the real life alien abductions may be true or may not be, but they will definitely petrify you of the UFOs. Here we begin with the alleged true stories of alien abductions.
1 – Abduction of Clayton & Donna Lee
The heart wrenching story of Clayton and Donna Lee claims that the aliens stole a foetus from Donna. Clayton claims that the aliens abducted him in his childhood, while he was visiting a park. Donna says that she remembers floating around the stars and darkness.
Donna claimed in one of the media outlets that she saw the aliens and they took her to a far off place in a vehicle, full of metal. The couple say that they remain petrified all the time, fearing these kind of abductions.
2 – Alien Abduction of Amy
Amy, a 22 year old girl alleges that the aliens abducted her right out of the window of her lounge room. She was with her friend Petra, who claims to witness a bright light post which, a spaceship sort of a thing lifted Amy up. Strangely, the police found Amy miles away from her house, with some weird marks on her inner thighs.
3 – Abduction of the Russian Millionaire and Politician
Believe it or not, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov claims that from his window, a spaceship kidnapped him and took him to some star. He says that he has seen and talked to the aliens. According to him, the aliens are people like us.
4 – Robert Taylor Incident
This incident does not involve alien abductions but it does involve alien encounter. According to Robert Taylor, a forestry worker in Livingston, a spaceship tried to pull him into it. He says, he fell unconscious after an alien encounter and upon gaining consciousness, he was completely out of energy and lost his voice. His dog went hysteric to an extent that it was difficult for him to control it.
5 – Travis Walton’s Abduction Story
Travis Walton, a forestry worker in Arizona, states that three men with bald head and huge eyes, interrogated him after kidnapping him. He, along with his six friends, was heading home after work one night, when they saw a blinding streak of light. Thinking it to be a plane crash, they went to the spot, but it was allegedly a spaceship.
Apparently Walton went closer to the ship, and got abducted by the aliens. His friends claim to witness Walton floating up in the ship. But, on reporting this incident to the police, they did not believe these forestry workers. Even after some gruelling rounds of interrogation, their statements did not change.
6 – Abduction from Manhattan Apartment
Linda Napolitano (Originally Linda Cortile), a Manhattan resident, describes an unbelievable episode of alien abduction. She alleges that the aliens took her from her window, inside their spaceship where she witnessed benches, tables and sliding doors. Strangely, her story supports the claims made by two bodyguards of the United Nations.
7 – Bizarre Visitation of Real Life Men in Black
Robert Richardson supposedly had an encounter with two men who instantly vanished the moment he wanted to inspect them. What the men let behind was a piece of metal, which Richardson took home with him. He alleges that after three days, the men suddenly reappeared at his house to ask for the metal, which Richardson had sent to the lab for analysis. After asking them to leave, he never saw them again.
Betty and Barney claim that they witnessed a UFO while driving back to home from a vacation. Barney alleges that he saw people inside the spaceship with the help of his binoculars. They allege of alien encounters in their dreams. Their claims are that the aliens examined their bodies and tried to wipe their minds completely.
How did life begin? The biggest question mankind has asked itself. Where did we come from? The idea that gods from the heavens had provided the seed of life has been supported by many researchers. End of the day we may have been looking into the correct direction: a breakthrough study claims that the so-called building blocks of life, the elements that are the backbone of organic molecules which form living matter, came to Earth from outer space.
Evidence of seeding
According to a team of researchers from the University of Hawaii at Manoa and their colleagues from France and Taiwan, phosphates and diphosphoric acid, two major chemicals that form chromosomes carrying our genetic information, were generated billions of kilometers away from our planet and were delivered to Earth by space wanderers such as asteroids or comets.
The scientists used a vacuum chamber cooled down to near absolute zero to simulate interstellar icy grains coated with carbon dioxide, water, and phosphine.
When exposed to radiation, these grains created both phosphates and diphosphoric acid. “On Earth, phosphine is lethal to living beings,” said Andrew Turner of the University of Hawaii.
“But in the interstellar medium, an exotic phosphine chemistry can promote rare chemical reaction pathways to initiate the formation of biorelevant molecules such as oxoacids of phosphorus, which eventually might spark the molecular evolution of life as we know it.”
Scientists suggested that these phosphorus oxoacids could be traced back to an interstellar medium, the materials that fill the space between stars, which are delivered to Earth by comets or meteorites.
Humans are not from Earth?
Panspermia is a mechanism that allows biology to spread through space without needing a spaceship. Living matter “hitches a ride on sunlight or inside rocks.” Some scientists believe that Mars was indeed inhabited at one time. Some space rocks were “kicked” off the planet and landed in a “suitably welcoming patch” on Earth. Biological material from Mars that was in the rocks may spur exploration into the search for the solution to the age-old question: Where do we come from and why are we here? There are several theories that relate to extraterrestrials.
There are suggestions that aliens escape from an unknown planet and come here due to dire circumstances on their home planets and most likely we are descendants of this race. Environmentalist and ecologist turned author Dr. Ellis Silver believes we may have come from Alpha Centauri. The planet may have suffered some type of cataclysmic event from which a few residents were able to escape and come to Earth.
Other scientists believe that, eons ago, Humanoids inhabited Mars but a war destroyed the livability of the planet. This could have been due to the equivalent of two hydrogen bombs exploding on Mars 300,000 to 1 million years ago. Is it possible some living beings were able to escape to Earth before the destruction?
There are many mysteries and controversial theories for which there seems to be more questions than answers.
Newscasters, cable news show anchors and news readers are finding their jobs in precarious positions for a number of reasons, but those in Western countries have no threat to their employment quite s big as the one facing their counterparts in China, where media providers are testing virtual newsreaders created by combining images and voices of humans with artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Mr. President! Mr. President! Robbie Gort here from AI 2001 News. What’s your stance on robot rights?
“AI anchors have officially become members of the Xinhua News Agency reporting team. They will work with other anchors to bring you authoritative, timely and accurate news information in both Chinese and English.”
Xinhua News Agency is the official state-run news provider of the People’s Republic of China. It’s the largest media organization in China and the largest news agency in the world in number of correspondents (10,000) worldwide. That last figure, according to South China Morning Post, is why the organization is turning to AI.
“Celebrity anchors are regarded as important assets at major news networks in the US. The highest paid news anchor, CNN’s Anderson Cooper, is reportedly paid US$100 million a year, while Diane Sawyer at ABC and Sean Hannity at Fox News earn US$80 million each. Celebrity anchors in China are generally paid a lot less because they work for state-run TV stations but they often earn extra money from product endorsements and book sales.”
Let’s take a look at the weather map
Not only do Xinhua’s lifelike AI anchors work cheap, they never need bathroom breaks, lunch hours, sleep, vacations, huge paychecks or ego-stroking. As long as human editors keep feeding them news items (and those people could be eliminated soon as many news agencies are testing automated news aggregators and story writers), the AI anchors will keep staring into the camera and talking — 24 hours a day, seven days a week … or at least until viewers get tired of staring at the same face, which may not be a problem (or at least one that anyone will feel safe complaining about) since Xinhua is the state news agency. (See a video of the first AI anchor here.)
The AI news anchors were announced at the recent World Internet Conference in Wuzhen and developed by Sogou, China’s second-largest search engine operator. It has proprietary technology in natural language processing – a branch of AI dealing with how computers understand and interpret human language – so it is undoubtedly working on improvements to give the AI newsreaders more realistic-looking speech, lip movements and facial expressions.
Who is in control?
What about questioning authorities or telling the truth? There has been ongoing controversy in the U.S. over local TV news staffs being forced to read copy written by the station’s owners and management without question and without changing any words. Artificial intelligence hasn’t reached the point yet where an AI anchor can get disgusted and walk off the set while yelling, “I’m mad as Hell and I’m not going to take this anymore!”
Can it? Should it? Will other media providers see this as something to fight or a means to greater profits?
What do you think … while you can still think for yourself? Anderson?
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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