Un tunnelier nucléaire pour chercher la vie sur Europe, lune de Jupiter

Céline Deluzarche

Avec son océan souterrain, Europe serait la candidate idéale pour accueillir la vie extraterrestre. Des chercheurs américains ont imaginé un tunnelier géant pour percer sa croûte de glace et explorer ses profondeurs à la recherche de traces de vie.

Selon les différentes mission d'observations menées autour d'Europe, la quatrième plus grosse lune de Jupiter, celle-ci possèderait un océan liquide sous sa croûte de glace. Europe est donc la candidate idéale, susceptible d'accueillir une vie microbienne, espèrent les scientifiques. « Malheureusement, la banquise, d'une épaisseur comprise entre 2 et 30 kilomètres, constitue une barrière majeure pour toute sonde voulant accéder aux zones dont nous pensons qu'elles pourraient contenir des biosignatures », explique Andrew Dombard, professeur associé des sciences de la Terre et de l'environnement à l'université de l'Illinois de Chicago. Certains ont bien envisagé de se contenter d'analyser l'eau des geysers dont on suppose l'existence. Mais il lui faudrait plusieurs centaines, voire millions d'années pour remonter à la surface, ce qui nous donnerait peu d'indications sur la vie actuelle de l'océan (lire article ci-dessous).

Une représentation du tunnelier pour percer la banquise d’Europe.

© Alexander Pawlusik, LERCIP Internship Program, Nasa’s Glenn Research Center. 

Chercher des bactéries dans les biofilms sous la calotte glaciaire

Andrew Dombard et ses collègues du Nasa Glenn Research Center ont donc imaginé un tunnelier nucléaire pour percer la glace et explorer la surface de l'océan souterrain. L'objectif n'est pas d'y effectuer une plongée, ce qui serait trop compliqué, mais d'essayer de trouver des traces de biofilms microbiens à l'interface eau-glace sous la banquise. « Il ne sera d'ailleurs peut-être même pas nécessaire de descendre jusqu'à l'océan si l'on découvre des lacs intermédiaires à l'intérieur de la glace », avance Andrew Dombard, qui a présenté son concept de tunnelier lors de l'assemblée annuelle de l'American Geophysical Union.

L'engin récolterait d'abord des échantillons à la base de la lithosphère, où de la glace ancienne aurait pu se mélanger à la glace plus récente par convection. Plusieurs autres échantillons seraient prélevés à différentes profondeurs, jusqu'à l'interface glace-eau où l'on espère trouver les micro-organismes.

Deux systèmes de propulsion envisagés

Pour faire fondre la glace et propulser le tunnelier, les scientifiques misent sur des « sources de chaleur universelle » (GPHS en anglais), des sortes de « piles radioactives » alimentées au dioxyde de plutonium-238, déjà utilisées par les sondes Cassini ou Galileo. Une autre option envisagée est d'alimenter le tunnelier avec « un mini réacteur nucléaire perfectionné », mais Andrew Dombard reconnaît qu'il faudrait dans ce cas un blindage assez épais pour ne pas risquer d'irradier les échantillons et les instruments scientifiques. La communication avec la surface serait assurée grâce à trois répéteurs, à 5, 10 et 15 kilomètres reliés au tunnelier par fibre optique. Autre souci : éviter à l'appareil de tomber à travers la glace à l'approche de l'océan. Un câble flottant serait donc déployé pour le suspendre au-dessus de l'eau lorsque celui-ci aurait atteint sa profondeur finale.

Tout cela reste, bien entendu, très théorique. Les chercheurs avouent « ne pas du tout s'être préoccupés de savoir comment acheminer le tunnelier sur Europe ». Une mission nommée Europa Clipper est bien programmée pour 2023 afin notamment d'y repérer les endroits où la glace est la plus fine. Mais la sonde se contentera de survoler le satellite. La lune glacée de Jupiter risque de garder ses mystères pendant encore un bout de temps.

Exobiologie : une carte pour chercher la vie sur Europe

Article de Laurent Sacco publié le 26/07/2018

Les glaces d'Europe, la lune de Jupiter, pourraient contenir des biosignatures des formes de vie qui existent peut-être dans son océan. Une carte de l'exposition aux radiations de ces glaces a été dressée, indiquant là où ces biosignatures seraient le moins dégradées et donc où les chercher.

Tous ceux qui ont vu le film 2010 : L'Année du premier contact, tiré du roman d'Arthur Clarke faisant suite à 2001, l'Odyssée de l'espace, rêvent probablement du jour où une mission consacrée à Europe, la lune glacée de Jupiter, permettrait à la réalité de rattraper la fiction. En l'occurrence, il s'agirait au moins de la détection à la surface de la banquise d'Europe - dont il n'est pas douteux qu'elle recouvre un océan - de molécules organiques qui seraient des biosignatures incontestables de l'existence de forme de vie dans cet océan. Dans l'idéal, il faudrait même que ce soit des formes de vie.

Malheureusement, il y a plusieurs obstacles pour le succès de cette mission et il se pourrait bien, comme Futura l'expliquait dans l'article précédent ci-dessous, que les glaces que l'on trouve en surface ne puissent être que des échantillons vieux de quelques centaines de milliers d'années, voire de quelques millions d'années, de ce qui se trouve dans cet océan. Nous n'aurions donc accès qu'à des fossiles, dans le meilleur des cas.

Une vue d'artiste de la banquise d'Europe. Des geysers pourraient provenir directement de l'océan d'Europe, éjectant en surface des molécules biologiques et pas simplement organiques. Ces molécules seraient malheureusement détruites en surface à cause des radiations.

© NASA/JPL-Caltech 

Des électrons tueurs de satellites et destructeurs d'acides aminés

Le gros problème avec une mission sur Europe, c'est le niveau de radiation qui est très élevé avec notamment la présence de ce que l'on appelle des électrons tueurs. Nous le savons depuis 1973, quand la sonde spatiale Pioneer 10 passa près de Jupiter et y détecta un énorme champ magnétique ainsi qu'une intense ceinture de radiation. On s'en doutait depuis que deux jeunes radioastronomes, Ken Franklin et Bernie Burke, découvrirent par hasard que Jupiter était une intense source de rayonnement radio, en 1955. Peu de temps après, en 1959, suite à la découverte de la ceinture de radiation terrestre par Van Allen, Frank Drake - que l'on connaît pour sa célèbre équation et qui est à l'origine du programme Seti - étudia les émissions radio de Jupiter. À partir de leur spectre, il en conclut que ces ondes étaient probablement émises par des électrons capturés dans un puissant champ magnétique.

Or, ces électrons ne sont pas tendres avec l'électronique embarquée à bord des sondes, et même en durcissant cette électronique, comme on dit, ces engins ne peuvent pas travailler longtemps dans les régions où ils se trouvent. Même la sonde Europa Clipper, qui devrait spécifiquement étudier Europe au cours des années 2020, sera obligée de décrire des orbites très elliptiques de sorte que les survolsrapprochés d'Europe alterneront avec des moments ou la sonde sera loin de la lune.

En mauve, les régions d'Europe les plus exposées aux radiations.

© U.S. Geological Survey, NASA/JPL-Caltech, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Nature Astronomy 

Mais imaginons que l'on décide d'envoyer en mission suicide un atterrisseur sur Europe. On aura tout intérêt à ce qu'il se trouve dans une région la moins exposée possible aux radiations et pas simplement là où l'on peut penser que la banquise est la plus à même de laisser passer des échantillons le plus directement liés à l'eau liquide de l'océan d'Europe.

Une équipe de chercheurs états-uniens vient justement de publier un article dans Nature Astronomy qui apporte des éléments à la résolution de ce problème. Les astronomes se sont pour cela servis de données collectées par les missions Galileo et Voyager 1 pour dresser une carte des régions les plus intensément bombardées par les radiations. Ils en ont déduit aussi la profondeur de la glace à laquelle des acides aminés, des molécules à la base de la vie telle que nous la connaissons et qui forment les protéines, pourraient rester intactes.

Il s'avère que les régions les plus propices à la recherche de biosignatures sont aux pôles d'Europe et qu'un centimètre de glace serait une protection suffisante alors qu'il faudrait chercher de 10 à 20 centimètres de profondeur dans la glace au niveau de l'équateur par exemple.

Exobiologie : trouver des traces de vie récentes sur Europe, une mission impossible ?

Article de Laurent Sacco publié le 15/07/2018

Les surfaces d'Europe et Ganymède pourraient ne se renouveler qu'à l'échelle du million d'années, de sorte que la glace à la surface de leurs banquises ne serait qu'un échantillon fossile de l'eau contenue dans les océans de ces lunes glacées de Jupiter. Fouiller dans cette glace pourrait donc ne nous donner accès qu'à des fossiles de la vie éventuellement présente dans leurs océans.

Voilà 10 ans cette année, le 19 mars 2008 pour être précis, décédait Arthur Clarke. Au début des années 1980, dans son fameux roman 2010 : Odyssée deux, l'inventeur du concept de satellite géostationnaireprenait déjà au sérieux l'idée que des formes de vie pouvaient peut-être exister dans l'océan sous la banquise d'Europe, la lune glacée, de plus en plus célèbre, de Jupiter. Il ne faisait que reprendre en partie, pour son roman de hard SF, les résultats que l'on venait juste d'obtenir après le succès des missions Voyager 1 et 2 lors de leurs visites des lunes de Jupiter. La découverte du volcanisme de Io avait alors été faite et les premières images rapprochées de la banquise d'Europe avaient été obtenues. Inspirés par celle des formes de vie au voisinage des sources hydrothermales dans les abysses au cours des années 1970, certains avaient spéculé qu'il pourrait en exister de similaires dans l'océan d'Europe, avec un volcanisme provenant, comme dans le cas d'Io, des forces de marée du système jupitérien. C'est peut-être ainsi que la vie sur Terre est née, dans les parois des cheminées de sources hydrothermales similaires pendant l'Hadéen ou au début de l'Archéen.

Les exobiologistes du XXI^e siècle sont de plus en plus convaincus que l'idée est raisonnable et qu'il serait du plus haut intérêt d'envoyer des missions pour regarder Europe d'un peu plus près, voire même d'essayer de faire pénétrer un engin dans cet océan. Cela n'est malheureusement pas sans poser un certain nombre de problèmes.

Déjà, le niveau de radiations au voisinage d'Europe est considérable de sorte qu'une sonde devrait posséder une électronique particulièrement durcie, comme on dit dans le jargon, pour supporter ce niveau de rayonnement suffisamment longtemps pour espérer faire des découvertes en orbite autour d'Europe voire en se posant carrément sur la surface de la lune. C'est d'ailleurs en partie pour cette raison que la mission Juice de l'ESA va plutôt étudier Ganymède et Callisto, qui possèdent elles aussi un océan souterrain, bien que moins spectaculaire, mais qui sont surtout exposées à bien moins de radiations. On ne connaît pas vraiment non plus l'épaisseur de la banquise d'Europe, qui pourrait peut-être être trop importante pour assurer le succès d'une mission.

Des traces de vie dans des échantillons de glaces d'Europe ?

Heureusement, il existe des moyens de contourner ces problèmes. Déjà, nous disposons d'observations de plus en plus solides démontrant l'existence de geysers, s'élevant parfois de la surface d'Europe. Il suffirait peut-être d'un passage avec des détecteurs adéquats à l'intérieur de ces geysers pour mettre en évidence la présence de molécules organiques complexes, incontestablement liées à la vie telle que nous la connaissons. Dans le cas contraire, on ne pourrait tirer aucune conclusion. Enfin, comme Futura l'expliquait dans un précédent article (voir ci-dessous), il nous suffirait peut-être d'aller chercher, pas trop loin d'Europe, des blocs de glace provenant de sa surface et qui auraient été éjectés dans l'espace par la chute d'un petit astéroïde sur cette lune.

Il y a toutefois un petit bémol à ces deux techniques comme l'illustre bien les travaux du planétologue états-unien Robert Pappalardo (que l'on peut voir dans la première vidéo ci-dessus) et qu'il a publiés avec son collègue Samuel M. Howell, du  24-12-2018 om 23:54 geschreven door peter  

‘Mogelijk helemaal geen drones op Gatwick’

{ http://www.standaard.be/ }

24-12-2018 om 23:03 geschreven door peter  

US Delta forces fought with ALIENS in underground battle in New Mexico - witness

AMERICAN special forces engaged in a massive firefight with ALIENS who had established a base deep below the New Mexico desert, an eye witness said.

By LARA DEAUVILLE

As many as 60 soldiers and civillians were killed as extra-terrestrial GREYS, armed with PLASMA GUNS went toe-to-toe with US Delta Forces in the so-called Dulce Battle.

The jaw-dropping revelations were made by a civil engineer called Phil Schneider who worked on secret military projects deep underground in Dulce, New Mexico.

Mr Schneider, whose dad Philip was involved with the development of the early atomic bomb, said he was made to sign official secrets documents but later went on to reveal the American military was working with an alien race of Greys building joint subterranean bases.

Grey aliens, also referred to as Zeta Reticulans, Roswell Greys, Greys, or Grays, have become the accepted face of aliens on Earth - almost half of all alien sighting claims in the USA refer to this type of grey alien.

Artist's impression: What Phil Schneider came face to face with under new Mexico 

(Image : NA)

Alien invaders: Claims extra-terrestrials have lived in underground bunkers in New Mexico 

(Image: YT)

RELATED ARTICLES

• 
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Shades of grey: Did Alien Greys live in subterranean bunkers specially built by US military?

(Image: YT)

The Alien Grey is also linked directly to the Roswell Incident in which a UFO containing live aliens was allegedly seized by the military at Roswell, which is also in New Mexico.

But Mr Schneider’s story took a jaw-dropping turn when he described one occasion when things turned nasty and resulted in what has become known in UFO circles as The Dulce Battle.

Dulce Battle expert Anthony Sanchez, author of the UFO Highway, and the founder of Umbra Research, a group dedicated to understanding the hidden aspects and mystery behind the UFO/ET phenomenon, said: “In 1979 he says when they sunk a shaft during some mining exploration to see if they could build a similar subterranean base they discovered a very old cavern system where Greys extra-terrestrials had a base.”

Schneider says he was confronted by Alien Greys and was forced to draw his sidearm and fire.

He said he killed two before being hit with some kind of plasma weapon. He escaped and the military immediately called in special forces.

Keep watching the skies: Four unexplained balls of light recorded over New Mexico 

(Image: YT)

Mr Samchez added: “Military units - Seals and Delta Forces – went down there and engaged in a fire-fight with these tall Greys.

“In all 60 military personnel and scientists were killed.

“During the altercation Mr Schneider was hit with some sort of plasma weapon which sheared off a portion of his hand.”

But he added the engineer escaped with data and information which would subsequently form the basis of stealth cloaking technology.

Alien whistleblower: Phil Schneider claims US forces battled aliens in Dulce Battle 

(Image: YT)

The story however has a grisly end which has fuelled conspiracy theories for decades.

In 1996 Mr Schneider was found strangled to death in his apartment.

Bizarrely the cause of death was officially said to be suicide.

RELATED ARTICLES

• Is Basingstoke the new Roswell? UFO video adds to bizarre sightings
• SHOCK as UFO FOUND with a 'chilling message' inside
• 'It's a space WAR' Alien ‘battle’ near Area 51 baffles UFO hunters

{ https://www.express.co.uk/ }

24-12-2018 om 14:27 geschreven door peter  

Amerikaanse speciale troepen vochten met aliens in ondergronds grottencomplex, aldus deze getuige

Amerikaanse speciale troepen zijn betrokken geraakt bij een vuurgevecht met aliens die een ondergrondse basis hadden gebouwd in de woestijn van New Mexico, zo heeft een ooggetuige geclaimd.

Tot wel 60 soldaten en burgers zouden bij Dulce zijn gedood door buitenaardse Greys, die bewapend waren met plasmawapens.

Phil Schneider werkte aan geheime legerprojecten onder de grond bij Dulce en was naar eigen zeggen getuige van het incident.

Roswellincident

Schneider, wiens vader Philip was betrokken bij de ontwikkeling van de atoombom, zei dat hij een geheimhoudingsverklaring moest ondertekenen, maar onthulde later toch dat het Amerikaanse leger met de Greys werkte aan de bouw van ondergrondse bases, zo meldt de Daily Express.

Foto: Potrosays Wikimedia Commons

De Grays worden ook in verband gebracht met het Roswellincident.

Anthony Sanchez, die zich uitgebreid heeft verdiept in de zogeheten Dulce Battle, zei: “In 1979 stuitten Schneider en zijn collega’s tijdens bouwwerkzaamheden op een oud grottenstelsel waar de Greys een basis hadden.”

Hand

Schneider zei dat hij oog in oog kwam te staan met de Greys en besloot zijn wapen te trekken en te vuren.

Hij zei dat hij er twee had doodgeschoten toen hij geraakt werd door een soort plasmawapen.

Daarbij raakte hij een deel van zijn hand kwijt.

Ontsnappen

Hij wist te ontsnappen en het leger riep gelijk de hulp in van de speciale troepen, klonk het.

“De Navy Seals en Deltra Force waren betrokken bij het vuurgevecht met deze Greys,” zei Sanchez. “Zestig soldaten en wetenschappers kwamen om het leven.”

In 1996 werd Schneider dood aangetroffen in zijn appartement. Hoewel hij was gewurgd, werd verklaard dat hij zelfmoord had gepleegd.

[Express]

© Copyright (c) NineForNews.nl

24-12-2018 om 14:04 geschreven door peter  

ENORM RUIMTESCHIP PASSEERT DE MAAN ( VIDEO )

Er is opnieuw grote belangstelling voor de maan, want niet alleen ziet hij er in sommige delen van de wereld vreemd uit, ook buitenaardsen zijn er druk in de weer. 

Zo is er nu een opname die laat zien dat er een enorm ruimteschip voor de maan langs schuift.

Enkele dagen geleden publiceerden wij een artikel waarin door verschillende mensen werd opgemerkt dat de maan heel erg vreemd uit zag.

Naar aanleiding daarvan kregen wij diverse reacties, waaronder de volgende van Evert Jan Poorterman die schrijft:

met een naderende ster in aantocht is het denkbaar dat de planeten daar op reageren... en dat is ook zo! De kleintjes zoals Mars, Maan, Gaia, Venus en Mercurius zullen gaan zwalken en daarvoor al ietwat uit hun bestaande positie geraken. Aangezien de Maan een dood object is kan het ook zo zijn dat moeder Gaia (met haar ijzerkern/spoel) van positie is veranderd! En niet persee de Maan. Dat is een kleiknikker...

Een andere lezer zegt dat het heel normaal is dat de maan op zijn rug ligt en dat dit betekent dat het koud gaat worden:

Aangaande Uw artikel over de maan, dd. 21-12, kan ik U meedelen dat de maan wel vaker "op de rug ligt". Dit heeft niets te maken met verschuiving van de aard/maan, maar is altijd een voorbode voor een koudere periode. (oude boerenwijsheid)

Bert denkt er weer heel anders over en schrijft:

Vorige week moest ik mijn dochter s'avonds ophalen en zag de maan ook hier plat liggen, geweldig gezicht maar niet beseffende dat er eigenlijk niks van klopte.

De voor mij wel bekende youtube site heeft helemaal gelijk, de enige logische conclusie is dat de hoogte positie van de maan fors is veranderd.

Een logisch gevolg zou zijn dat er zwaardere aardbevingen zouden moeten komen en ook dat is gebeurd. Sinds deze unieke stand van de maan zijn er maar liefst 4 zeven plus bevingen geweest. Bereid je voor op nog meer ongein, ook dit gebeuren past allemaal precies in het eind plaatje. Ook in Yellowstone zijn er nu andere magma stromingen gesignaleerd, stromen die suggereren dat het magma een weg heeft gevonden naar het oppervlak. 

 

Een reden voor de terug trekking van de Amerikaanse soldaten zou ook kunnen zijn dat men een binnenlandse ramp verwachten, Yellowstone?!

Dit is wat een andere lezer denkt:

Even naar aanleiding van jullie artikel over de maan; wat als niet de maan maar de aarde van positie aan het veranderen is? En kan dat (ALS het aan de hand is) niet ook een verklaring zijn voor het veranderende weer/klimaat en het toenemen van natuurrampen?

Tis zo maar een "losse" gedachte........ hoewel ik een paar jaar terug al eens iemand sprak die altijd 's morgens op dezelfde tijd zijn straat uit reed en opmerkte dat de opkomende zon volgens hem iets opgeschoven was. Nou denk ik dat de zon waarschijnlijk niet zo makkelijk van plek wijzigd maar wij misschien wel (toen al)?

Ik ben benieuwd of er nog meer soortgelijke reacties zijn.

En die zijn er, getuige de volgende reactie:

Als reactie op jullie artikel van Vrijdag, 21 december 2018 ‘Wat is er aan de hand met de maan’ en jullie oproep aan lezers om te reageren:

‘De enige conclusie volgens Mr. MBB333 mogelijk is, is dat de maan ten opzichte van de aarde van positie is veranderd. En als hij gelijk heeft, dan is natuurlijk de grote vraag wat ervoor zou kunnen zorgen dat een hemellichaam zoals de maan van positie verandert? Als er lezers zijn met ideeën dan horen we dat natuurlijk graag’,

heb ik hier een aantal links die verhelderend kunnen werken. Uit deze webpagina’s blijkt dat niet de maan ten opzichte van de aarde van positie is veranderd, maar de positie van de aarde en dus ook van de waarnemer, verandert voortdurend van positie, als gevolg van de gekantelde aardas. Door de gekantelde aardas onstaan niet alleen de verschillende jaargetijden, maar zal vanuit b.v. Nederland gezien, de aarde meer of minder naar de maan toe ‘buigen’. Dit ‘buigen’naar de maan toe of van de maan af zal het sterkst zijn op de kortste nacht/dag of langste nacht/dag, wanneer de kanteling van de aarde maximaal is. Dat is rond (indien de maan rond deze data überhaupt zichtbaar is) 21 juni, wanneer de zomer begint, of rond 21 december, wanneer de winter begint. Dit verklaart waarom de maan op haar rug lijkt te zijn gevallen.

Op deze link wordt uigelegd hoe de verschijningsvormen van de maan op het noordelijk en zuidelijk halfrond van elkaar verschillen.

Op deze link is een gif te zien die duidelijk maakt hoe het uiterlijk van de wassende/afnemende maan op het noordelijk halfrond precies het tegenoverstelde is van die op het zuidelijk halfrond.

Op deze link zie je een plaatje die verduidelijkt hoe een waarnemer op het noordelijk halfrond en een waarnemer op het zuidelijk halfrond de maan zien. Tevens is dit een sterke aanwijzing/bewijs dat de aarde niet plat is maar bolvormig is.

Op deze link zie je een foto van de maan vanuit de evenaar genomen. De maansikkel ligt volledig op haar rug of m.a.w. de maan is hier horizontaal i.p.v. verticaal afgesneden.

En dan komt er weer iets bijzonders met betrekking tot de maan en dit keer is het een opname die is gemaakt door ene Charlotte uit de Amerikaanse staat Ohio.

Een enorm object dat langzaam van rechts naar links voor de maan langs schuift.

In de volgende video wordt door Mr. MBB333 uitgelegd dat deze waarneming wel degelijk echt schijnt te zijn, ook omdat er een getuige bij aanwezig was.

De opname wordt bekeken langs diverse filters en het lijkt op een enorm ruimteschip dat even wordt “gevangen”, terwijl het voor de maan langs schuift. 

{ http://niburu.co/ }

24-12-2018 om 13:56 geschreven door peter  

Get your jokes ready, all of you “your-anus” mispronouncers. Your favorite planet to pun is back in the news with the announcement that its odd shape, lopsided position, lack of core heat and out-of-whack magnetic field may have all been caused by a (here comes one) major impact. Not only that, the impactor may have been the mysterious rumored Planet X that could be on a path to eventually come back and pound Uranus again (that’s the last one for now – it’s your turn).

“We have performed a suite of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations to investigate in detail the results of a giant impact on the young Uranus. This cataclysmic event could explain Uranus’ remarkable 98° obliquity and we also study the internal structure, atmospheric retention, and orbiting debris of the post-impact planet.”

A 2004 infrared composite image of the two hemispheres of Uranus obtained with Keck Telescope adaptive optics.

Credit: Lawrence Sromovsky, University of Wisconsin-Madison/W.W. Keck Observatory.

In a presentation titled “How Uranus Fell Over: Consequences of Giant Impacts with High Resolution Simulations” presented at the recent American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting in Washington DC, Jacob Jacob Kegerreis, astronomy researcher at Durham University, updated his paper published this summerin The Astrophysical Journal. In his update, Kegerreis included a graphic image of the collision from the simulation, showing an Earth-sized planet colliding with Uranus, severely distorting its shape and scattering debris in all directuions – debris that would reform in the planet’s equally out-of-whack moons and the faint ring that still orbits it 3 -to-4 billion years later.

NASA image of Uranus and its moons and rings

“Most of the material from the impactor’s rocky core falls in to the core of the target. However, for higher angular momentum impacts, significant amounts become embedded anisotropically as lumps in the ice layer. Furthermore, most of the impactor’s ice and energy is deposited in a hot, high-entropy shell at a radius of 3 R. This could explain Uranus’ observed lack of heat flow from the interior and be relevant for understanding its asymmetric magnetic field.”

“Core into core” means it was a catastrophic direct hit, resulting a disruption in Uranus’ center that allowed the surface to be covered with enough ice that little or no heat escapes, making it the solar system’s most frigid planet. The simulations show that somehow the impactor managed to survive and, if it’s the rumored Planet X, may someday return, possibly on the same disastrous path. (Side comment from Beavis and Butthead: “He said anisotropically — hee-hee!”)

NASA wants a better look at Uranus

This latest update on the history and status of Uranus points out one more thing as space scientists lobby for budgets to send another robotic probe to get a better Horizon-to-Pluto-style look at the icy planet. To do that requires putting an end to the jokes, says NASA chief scientist Jim Green in his comments on the study – pointing out that it’s pronounced “YUR-uh-nus” like the Greek god of the sky.

“No one laughs when I say Uranus. They have to mispronounce it to get the chuckles.”

Sorry … not!

Uranus is a lopsided oddity, the only planet to spin on its side. Scientists now think they know how it got that way: It was pushed over by a rock at least twice as big as Earth.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

24-12-2018 om 13:10 geschreven door peter  

Tales of so-called hybrid children and hybrid babies are well known in the field of Ufology. They are overwhelmingly controversial and, for many, disturbing. Most definitely, there is a greater percentage of female abductees who are said to have had interactions with the hybrids than there are male abductees. Under hypnotic regression, numerous women have reportedly been taken on board a UFO, or, on more than a few occasions, to an underground installation, where they are introduced to the hybrids. In such situations the woman will either be laying on something akin to an operating-room table, or sitting in a chair that resembles a dentist’s chair. It’s then that something remarkable happens – although, admittedly, many might call it utterly terrifying. As the abductee looks on, a group of the black-eyed Grays will approach, with one of them holding in their hands a tiny baby that is clear not entirely human, even though it exhibits certain, physical, human traits. The abductee is then encouraged to take the baby from the Gray and to cradle it. Researchers of the phenomenon have suggested that this procedure is undertaken to try and instill an emotional bond between the abductee and the hybrid. If this all sounds very calm and tranquil, it very often is the precise opposite. All too often, it’s said to be a downright trauma-filled situation.

Those same abductees, when presented with a hybrid baby, sometimes develop sudden and unexplained suspicions that what they are being shown is the baby they were once carrying, but which they assumed had tragically miscarried. In this scenario (which is – very understandably – extremely controversial, offensive and insensitive to many), abduction researchers suggest that the abductees are impregnated during an earlier abduction, they then carry the fetus for a number of months, and then it is removed from the mother during a later abduction, and essentially “grown” in what we might call an artificial womb. An outrageous scenario, to be sure, but could there be some reality attached to it? I ask that question for a specific reason: we, the Human race, are now working – and working hard and fast – to develop artificial wombs.

The process of growing a fetus, and bringing it to full term in an artificial womb, is called ectogenesis. Much of the research is still at a theoretical stage, predominantly because of restrictions and regulations that govern the ethical, or non-ethical use, of human embryos in experimentation. But, not all of the work is theoretical. As one perfect example, we have to turn our attentions to Japan, and experimentation undertaken in 1997, at the Bunkyo, Tokyo-based Juntendo University. The program was led by Yoshinori Kuwabara – the Chairman of the Department of Obstetrics at the university – who was successful in growing goat embryos that were contained in a machine filled with amniotic fluid, a yellow-colored liquid contained in the amniotic sac, and which surrounds the growing fetus. Such research is still continuing, right now.

Some might say that the process of effectively leaving the mother out of the equation, and having the nine-month-long process of development handled in an artificial womb, may offer notable advantages. There is, however, one potential disadvantage, and it may prove to be a big one, should we ever decide to go down this cold and emotionless pathway. It is the matter of the deep and important bonding between the mother and the unborn fetus that quickly develops when pregnancy begins. Or, in the future, what might very well be a distinct lackof that bonding.

Might we see a 23^rd Century, or a 28^th Century, in which, as a result of a factory-like environment in which babies are created to order, specification, and design, that the bond is completely lost? Might we see the Human race, hundreds of years from now, reduced to nothing but cold, emotionless entities – in fact, just like the Grays, rather ironically – that will have no understanding of, or even any care for, the emotional angle of what it means to be pregnant? Such a thing, given that research in this field is pressing ahead, is not at all out of the question. It may be sadly inevitable. This same situation may also explain why the Grays are allegedly forced to present hybrid children to human mothers, in an effort to induce bonding: the Grays are utterly incapable of comprehending how to make that bond themselves.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

24-12-2018 om 12:56 geschreven door peter  

Orange UFO Over Povoa de Varzim, Portugal Burning In Night Sky, Dec 2018, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: December 20, 2018

Location of sighting: Povoa de Varzim, Portugal 

Source: MUFON

 

I first wanted to see what was in the dark background of the video, so I took some screenshots and added some light. I found that it was just the roof of the buildings and a glowing UFO far above. Also the video is over 8 minutes long, which means to make a fake that long would literally take 2-4 weeks of solid work without breaks. Because of that, most fakes fall into the 15-45 second mark.  So now I do believe that this sighting is real, that something was seen glowing over buildings and its burning so bright orange that no LED or light could produce that sort of light. 

 

I have however seen this light in a few others sightings. One of which was recorded by Carlos Diaz back in 1981 over Mexico. I will place the video at the bottom of this post for you to compare. 

Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

 

Eyewitness states: 

I was smoking on the porch of my house, as usual when I see a strange light of orange color and pulsating and with an apparent diamond shape, in that same location is usually the landing route of planes from the international airport of sa Porto – Portugal, what caught my attention was the time parked and its slow movements, I searched for my camera that was stored and I captured some images and made some videos for your analysis, the visualization of the object occurred on the last day 20 from December 2018 from 11:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.

 

HERE IS A SIGHTING FROM 1981 THAT WAS PROVEN TO BE REAL. TEPOZTLAN, MEXICO.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

24-12-2018 om 12:26 geschreven door peter  

Fisherman At Outer Banks Captures Video Of Multiplying Lights Over Atlantic

A minute and a half video credited to a night fisher in Outer Banks is making the rounds on social media with wild speculations, including a possible UFO sighting off the coast in North Carolina.

ViralHog posted the clip to YouTube on November 9 and reported that it was made in mid-November at Cape Lookout, situated in the southernmost point of the Core Banks. It has since gained around 100,000 views.

Cape Lookout National Seashore’s National Park Service officials said that they weren’t certain what the set of mysterious lights might be, but considered them to be peculiar.

One Outer Banks resident said the mysterious lights have been making appearances off the cape for over 20 years and they have come to believe these lights are harmless. Derek Maxey said the strange lights are not a concern, but he offered no guess at the source of the lights.

ViralHog did not name the angler who recorded the video, but someone named C.R. Larkin posted a similar video on November 24. Larkin wrote that the clip was recorded on November 13 off Cape Lookout, between 9 pm and 10 pm.

Larkin said in his post with the YouTube video that he rebaited his hooks around 9 pm and cast them out into the surf before he walked back to his chair. When Larkin turned back to the ocean, he spotted a light in the sky. Larkin described it as a very bright light, silent and stationary. After around an hour, Larkin stated that the light faded in and out and several times became multiple lights

The strange lights disappeared at one point for almost 20 minutes and then reappeared much closer to Larkin’s position, according to the witness report.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

24-12-2018 om 12:11 geschreven door peter  

UFO caught on tape over Povoa de Varzim, Portugal 20-Dec-2018

This bright unidentified flying object was filmed in the sky above Povoa de Varzim in Portugal on 20th December 2018.

Witness report: 

I was smoking on the porch of my house, as usual when I see a strange light of orange color and pulsating and with an apparent diamond shape, in that same location is usually the landing route of planes from the international airport of sa Porto – Portugal, what caught my attention was the time parked and its slow movements, I searched for my camera that was stored and I captured some images and made some videos for your analysis, the visualization of the object occurred on the last day 20 from December 2018 from 11:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.

Author (source: MUFON)

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

24-12-2018 om 12:07 geschreven door peter  

24-12-2018 om 00:50 geschreven door peter  

Japan's 50 year old forest circle experiment yields unusual results

Johnny Spoon-tamago.com

© Sankei News
The two tree ‘crop circles’

Two peculiar 'crop circles' have recently been spotted in Japan's Miyazaki Prefecture. Viewable only from above, they were formed by sugi (Japanese cedar) trees. 

Conspiracy theorists will be disappointed to learn that there is a very practical explanation for how these shapes emerged: science. Specifically, it was the result of a scientific experiment that spanned close to 50 years. 

According to documentation (PDF) we obtained from Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in 1973 an area of land near Nichinan City was designated as "experimental forestry" and one of the experiments was to try and measure the effect of tree spacing on growth. The experiment was carried out by planting trees in 10 degree radial increments forming 10 concentric circles of varying diameters. 

© FNN

Part of what makes the crop circles so alluring are their concave shape, which was an unexpected result of the experiment that would suggest tree density does indeed affect growth. The trees are due to be harvested in about 5 years but officials are now considering preserving the crop circles. 

Below is an image from Google Earth, which is unfortunately a bit dark. For those who are interested, here are the exact coordinates. 

© Google Earth

Robert Macfarlane‏Verified account @RobGMacfarlane

FollowFollow @RobGMacfarlane

More

 

{  https://www.sott.net/ }

23-12-2018 om 23:46 geschreven door peter  

Gatwick CONSPIRACY: Drone expert CONVINCED object is UFO or 'plastic bag with lights on'

A DRONE expert has claimed that the closure of Gatwick Airport has nothing to do with an errant drone but is in fact either a UFO or a conspiracy hatched in order to ban drone use once and for all.

23-12-2018 om 23:10 geschreven door peter  

Mars Volcano, Earth’s Dinosaurs Went Extinct About the Same Time

New NASA research reveals that the giant Martian shield volcano Arsia Mons produced one new lava flow at its summit every 1 to 3 million years during the final peak of activity. The last volcanic activity there ceased about 50 million years ago—around the time of Earth’s Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction, when large numbers of our planet’s plant and animal species (including dinosaurs) went extinct.

Located just south of Mars’ equator, Arsia Mons is the southernmost member of a trio of broad, gently sloping shield volcanoes collectively known as Tharsis Montes. Arsia Mons was built up over billions of years, though the details of its lifecycle are still being worked out. The most recent volcanic activity is thought to have taken place in the caldera—the bowl-shaped depression at the top—where 29 volcanic vents have been identified. Until now, it’s been difficult to make a precise estimate of when this volcanic field was active.

This digital-image mosaic of Mars' Tharsis plateau shows the extinct volcano Arsia Mons. It was assembled from images that the Viking 1 Orbiter took during its 1976-1980 working life at Mars.
Credits: NASA/JPL/USGS

“We estimate that the peak activity for the volcanic field at the summit of Arsia Mons probably occurred approximately 150 million years ago—the late Jurassic period on Earth—and then died out around the same time as Earth’s dinosaurs,” said Jacob Richardson, a postdoctoral researcher at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “It’s possible, though, that the last volcanic vent or two might have been active in the past 50 million years, which is very recent in geological terms.”

Richardson is presenting the findings on March 20, 2017, at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas. The study also is published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

Measuring about 68 miles (110 kilometers) across, the caldera is deep enough to hold the entire volume of water in Lake Huron, and then some. Examining the volcanic features within the caldera required high-resolution imaging, which the researchers obtained from the Context Camera on NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

The team mapped the boundaries of the lava flows from each of the 29 volcanic vents and determined the stratigraphy, or layering, of the flows. The researchers also performed a technique called crater counting—tallying up the number of craters at least 330 feet (100 meters) in diameter—to estimate the ages of the flows.

Using a new computer model developed by Richardson and his colleagues at the University of South Florida, the two types of information were combined to determine the volcanic equivalent of a batting lineup for Arsia Mons’ 29 vents. The oldest flows date back about 200 million years. The youngest flows probably occurred 10 to 90 million years ago—most likely around 50 million years ago.

The modeling also yielded estimates of the volume flux for each lava flow. At their peak about 150 million years ago, the vents in the Arsia Mons’ caldera probably collectively produced about 1 to 8 cubic kilometers of magma every million years, slowly adding to the volcano’s size.

“Think of it like a slow, leaky faucet of magma,” said Richardson. “Arsia Mons was creating about one volcanic vent every 1 to 3 million years at the peak, compared to one every 10,000 years or so in similar regions on Earth.”

A better understanding of when volcanic activity on Mars took place is important because it helps researchers understand the Red Planet’s history and interior structure.

“A major goal of the Mars volcanology community is to understand the anatomy and lifecycle of the planet’s volcanoes. Mars’ volcanoes show evidence for activity over a larger time span than those on Earth, but their histories of magma production might be quite different,” said Jacob Bleacher, a planetary geologist at Goddard and a co-author on the study. “This study gives us another clue about how activity at Arsia Mons tailed off and the huge volcano became quiet.”

Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, built and operates the Context Camera. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

{ https://www.nasa.gov/ }

23-12-2018 om 22:43 geschreven door peter  

Just The Facts

Here’s what we know: The ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter(TGO) reached its orbit around Mars in 2016, when it began its mission to monitor and analyze the Red Planet’s atmosphere. Though scientists expected the TGO’s extremely sensitive sensors to pick up on atmospheric methane, it has yet to detect any at all.

The orbiter is capable of detecting trace amounts of methane — concentrations as low as 50 parts per trillion — at any elevation in Mars’ atmosphere. And yet it came back with bupkis.

However, the scientists working on the project concede that these are preliminary results. There’s still plenty of noise to clean out of the data and more analysis to be done.

Developing Case

These preliminary findings demonstrate a classic example of how the absence of evidence is not the same as the evidence of absence. It is far too soon to throw out all of the evidence for Martian methane. The scientists behind this TGO research are confident that the orbiter’s sensors are working correctly and that NASA and the ESA’s previous methane findings couldn’t all be incorrect, according to Universe Today.

It’s possible, according to the scientists, that methane seeps out of Martian soil rather than originating in the atmosphere, which would make it easier to detect with a rover than an orbiter like the TGO.

Needless to say, this is far from an open-and-shut case, and we’re likely to learn more about Mars’ atmosphere as the TGO team finalizes its results.

READ MORE: Remember the Discovery of Methane in the Martian Atmosphere? Now Scientists Can’t Find any Evidence of it, at all [Universe Today]

More on the search for methane: Scientists Need to Solve These Two Mysteries to Find Life on Mars

{ https://futurism.com/ }

23-12-2018 om 22:28 geschreven door peter  

Huge alien planets detected around baby star for first time ever

The unprecedented discovery challenges long-held ideas about how planets form.

Researchers have identified a young star, CI Tau, with four Jupiter- and Saturn-sized planets in orbit around it.

Amanda Smith / Institute of Astronomy

{ https://www.nbcnews.com/mach }

23-12-2018 om 22:14 geschreven door peter  

Bob Lazars Fatal Scientific Flaw. Why His Science Does NOT Work.

I have mixed feelings as I write this article. I liked Bob Lazar when I was younger. When I heard of Bob Lazar for the first time in early 1990 I was initially fascinated by his story. I was fresh out of high school and had a wide-eyed fascination for the story of Area 51 and the alien enigma. Bob Lazar appeared like the average science nerd. You could just picture him in a lab coat with a pocket protector full of Bic’s. I knew many of those pocket protector types through the years and all were good people. Couldn’t talk to the ladies or match their socks but decent folk nonetheless.

It pains me but I have to be truthful in what I know about physics and the Bob Lazar story. His science does not work! His whole explanation of how the alien crafts propulsion functions make NO scientific sense at all. Especially since in the last few years we have been able to synthesize element 115 and have been able to detect gravitational waves thanks to the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)

Background

On November 11 and 13, 1989, viewers of KLAS-TV in Las Vegas, Nevada, heard an incredible story from news reporter George Knapp: A scientist had come forth to reveal that the U.S. government possesses the remains of extraterrestrial vehicles. From these vehicles have come extraordinary technological breakthroughs.

The scientist, Robert Scott Lazar, said he had worked in the S-4 section of Area 51, a corner of the Nevada Test Site. There, he had read documents indicating the existence of ongoing research on an “anti-gravity reactor” for use in propulsion systems. He was astonished, he said, but he was even more shocked to be shown nine flying discs “of extraterrestrial origin” stored in a hangar. As part of the gravity-harnessing propulsion, the craft used an element, 115, unknown on Earth, because it is “impossible to synthesize an element that heavy here on Earth. The substance has to come from a place where super-heavy elements could have been produced naturally.” From the recovered craft the U.S. government had allegedly collected some 500 pounds of element 115.

He supposedly came forward with his story despite death threats because he thought the public has a right to know.

Here is the video where he lays out his knowledge on how alien spacecraft propulsion allegedly works. If you have not seen it before watch it now:

Reality

Ununpentium (element 115 | symbol: Uup) is the temporary name of a super-heavy element that was first synthesized in 2003 by a joint team of Russian and American scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. With the atomic number 115 in the periodic table, the synthetic element is also known as element 115, or eka-bismuth. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. In June 2016, the IUPAC suggested the element be named moscovium /mɒsˈkoʊviəm/ (element symbol: Mc), a name to be formally accepted by the end of 2016.

It has a very short half-life so there is no way to accumulate pounds of it.  It has a verifiable half-life of only 220 milliseconds. They now known half-life of the element destroys any childish idea of the “Island of Stability” hypothesis. That was one of Bob’s conjectures during his video.

Element 115 is an extremely unlikely candidate for interstellar fuel, having a half-life of milliseconds; furthermore, it is even less likely that proton bombardment would transmute it into element 116, as the cross-section of that reaction would be ridiculously small.

I can even give you a physical analogy. When a pebble hits a car it bounces off; when a car hits another car they can frequently merge into a combined wreck. That is why the synthesis of superheavy elements usually involve smashing one heavy atom into another – element 115 was produced by firing calcium at americium – rather than starting with an already heavy and unstable atom and “working your way up”.

Furthermore, element 115 or any other active element doesn’t decay by emitting antiprotons. Superheavy nuclei dribble out nucleons like a spitting baby, and that takes the form of alpha particles. Not only is that what we would theoretically predict, that is what we actually observe.

Even if there were an element that decayed by emitting antiprotons, those antiprotons couldn’t possibly produce gravitational waves. The gravitational waves detected by LIGO emitted more power than the entire universe, for a brief moment. On Earth, they rung the LIGO instrument with vibrations smaller than a fraction of the width of a proton. Now imagine how big a gravitational wave you could get from a proton annihilating an antiproton.

Wait, you can’t imagine anything? Exactly.

In General Relativity, gravity is described as a distortion of space-time, not as a particle or a wave. There are phenomena known as “gravitational waves” which exist in General Relativity, but this does not seem to be what Lazar is talking about. Lazar says that gravity IS a wave. It isn’t a wave. The “gravitons” which he speaks of are a feature of quantum gravitational theories.

All physicists realize that the theories of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity are incomplete because they are mutually incompatible. In order to have a complete theory, theoretical physicists are looking to combine the two into a unified theory which will involve a quantum theory of gravity. There are currently no quantum theories of gravity that work.  But even though a satisfactory theory does not yet exist, there is nothing at all nonsensical about gravitons. When an adequate quantum theory of gravity IS formulated, the energy of the gravitational field will be quantized. This quantum of the gravitational field is what physicists call the graviton. It is no more nonsensical than the photon – which is the quantum of the electromagnetic field.

If the alien spacecraft somehow had a functioning gravitational wave emitter which could power flight, it would affect the gravitational behaviour of the Solar System. Yes, even if the alien spacecraft can somehow shield itself from gravity and such, but the planets can’t. The gravitational wave detected by LIGO issued across billions of light-years with barely any absorption. Do you want to run an alien spacecraft with gravitational wave power high enough to counteract the gravity of an entire planet? Those same gravitational waves would propagate throughout the Solar System, rendering any precision space travel trajectories unusable each time the spacecraft was fired up.

Soooooooooo, nope.

Bob invented two different types of gravity to suit his hypothesis. He stated in his video that there are two types of gravity. He coined them gravity (A) and gravity (B). He stated that the gravity (A) wave in element 115 extended past the nucleus into the intra-atomic structure. Thus it could be amplified (like any other signal? Completely meaningless statement) to produce a gravity field in which you could control and manipulate. The whole concept of amplifying a gravity wave breaks ALL laws of thermodynamics and common sense. It is just as ridiculous as the idea of amplifying matter would be.

Gravity (A) is what is currently being labelled as the “strong nuclear force” in mainstream physics. This is the place where Lazar begins to get himself in real trouble.

As it is understood now, the strong nuclear force has NOTHING TO DO WITH GRAVITY. Such a statement shows either a complete lack of understanding of the physics of the Standard Model of particle interactions, or a BLATANT attempt at deception. The equations and coupling strengths which describe the two forces are totally different and unrelated. The strong force couples only to quarks and gluons. The gravitational force couples to all particles with mass. The strong force is an extremely short range. The range of gravity is infinite. The gravitational coupling constant is orders of magnitude smaller than that of the strong interaction. There is NO BASIS for using the word “gravity” to describe the strong interaction IN ANYWAY AT ALL.

Nonsensical in the extreme.

Conclusion

It is clear to me that Bob Lazar is a fraud. The question is was he a knowing fraud or not. The video presentation of the science by Lazar is troubling from a scientific standpoint. Mr Lazar on many occasions demonstrates an obvious lack of understanding of current physical theories. I feel that there is a good reason why his credentials cannot be identified and corroborated. Because they are made up and do not exist. I know a paycheck stub has been presented as proof of his employment. That in itself may prove something but it does not prove the legitimacy of his claim in totality. I have never heard Lazar talk like a scientist would. He never uses scientific lingo…Ever! As far as I could find online he has never had a debate or a panel with real physicists. To me, the reason is glaringly obvious.

I am going to be kind and go with the hypothesis that he was an unwitting dupe. Some young schmuck that was brought into the bowls of disinformation who subsequently ate it all up. If he was a dupe he played the role very well. One thing I can say about Lazar is that over the past 25 years he did not act like other fraudsters in UFOlogy. He never made the rounds of all the conferences. Or published book after book of scientific gibberish. He just kind of disappeared for a few decades. Sure he got busted in a brothel scandal but that is a completely different issue.

He has been acting in my opinion like someone that after a time realized that he was duped. His 20-year disappearance could support that. Or, he is a gigantic UFO fraudster who’s lie got totally out of hand. Hard to say. I’m going with an unknowing dupe. Either way, there is absolutely no reason to believe any of his story at all.

[/responsivevoice]

{ http://www.theangryufologist.us/ }

23-12-2018 om 21:34 geschreven door peter  

23-12-2018 om 18:43 geschreven door peter  

Scientists Struggle To Explain Green Glow Thunderstorm Over Sidney

A recent hailstorm in Sydney, Australia resulted in the skies turning green.

Pictures were posted online of the storm, which featured a sky with a creepy tint of green. The pictures have sparked some debate as to the reason for the green glow.

There are many theories as to why the clouds turned green. Doctor Joshua Soderholm, a scientist at Monash University, has tried to clear up much of the debate surrounding the mystery.

Thursday's storm looked like something out of a horror story

Many people at first thought that it was light coming off green grass that was reflected through the storm and back into the eyes of humans. Soderholm explained that this was not accurate.

Soderholm dismisses another popular theory that claims the green clouds developed because of the difference between warmer afternoon light colors and the cloud.

Soderholm claims that the clouds may have appeared green due to the thunderstorms acting as a filter. The light going through the thunderstorm is filtering out specific wavelengths. One of the wavelengths that made it through the storm was green in color, according to Soderholm.

Soderholm also claims that many meteorologists, as well as himself, believe that green clouds symbolize a future hailstorm. The more severe the storm, the more pronounced the color of green in the clouds.

Also observed was colored lightning in relation to the recent storm in Sydney. Soderholm explains that this relates to the moisture content of the air. Dry air will produce different colored lightning than humid air for example. Also affecting the color of lightning in the presence of dust in the air, which typically turns the lightning a color in between red and orange.

WATCH NEXT

• Epic Drone Footage Of Moose Vs. Wolf

{https://www.disclose.tv/ }

23-12-2018 om 18:11 geschreven door peter  

Kuiper Belt Object "Ultima Thule" Does Not Behave Like An Asteroid, Scientists Are Confused

The NASA aircraft New Horizons is bearing down on Ultima Thule. Ultima Thule is the New Year’s target in the distant Kuiper Belt. New Horizons has taken hundreds of pictures over the past few months in order to measure the brightness of Ultima Thule and to study how it rotates.

New Horizons Rendezvous with Ultima Thule On Jan. 1, 2019

These pictures have revealed a mystery surrounding Ultima Thule. This mystery is related to the assumption that the Kuiper Belt is not shaped like a sphere but rather shaped as elongated or as two objects. Observations through New Horizons have not seen repeated pulsations in brightness they would expect if the object were shaped as elongated or as two objects. This is called a light curve.

Ultima Thule isn’t changing its brightness at all

The light curve of Ultima Thule is classified as undetected which is not what the New Horizons team would expect.

New Horizons Principal Investigator Alan Stern said:

"I call this Ultima's first puzzle – why does it have such a tiny light curve that we can't even detect it? I expect the detailed flyby images coming soon to give us many more mysteries, but I did not expect this, and so soon."

There are a few explanations regarding these findings. One explanation is that Ultima Thule is surrounding by a cloud of dust that obscures its light curve. Another explanation is that Ultima Thule is highly populated with tiny tumbling moons. The assumption is that each moon may contain a light curve of its own. Together, the light curve and its moon would create a chaotic superposition of light curves that make it appear to New Horizons as a small light curve. This explanation is also plausible but would be the first of its kind in our solar system.

{ https://www.disclose.tv/ }

23-12-2018 om 17:52 geschreven door peter