Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
16-08-2024
The lost island of Atlantis may have been found 2km under the ocean
The lost island of Atlantis may have been found 2km under the ocean
(Picture: Getty)
The lost island of Atlantis may have been found 2km under the ocean Some people believe that in the Atlantic Ocean, lying west of the Strait of Gibraltar, lies the legendary island of Atlantis. The island itself is thought to have been created by the philosopher Plato. His tale of a fabled civilization that the Gods plunged into the ocean as a punishment for its citizens' pride and arrogance has survived thousands of years. And now researchers think they may have found Plato’s inspiration for such a legend. In an area north of the Canary Islands, Spain, scientists have uncovered a vast submerged mountain that likely sank off the coast of the islands millions of years ago
(Picture: IGME-CSIC)
The lost island of Atlantis may have been found 2km under the ocean The seamount, which has been dubbed as Mount Los Atlantes, has three inactive volcanoes each around 50km (30 miles) in diameter, with their bases over 2km under the ocean surface, according to researchers from Spain’s Geological and Mining Institute (CSIC). Some of the lost islands even, after all this time, still have their beaches intact. The team said that some of the beaches sit just 60m (200 feet) below the ocean's surface. During the last ice age, when sea levels were far lower than they are today, the inactive volcanoes would have become islands again, which could have been used to inhabit wildlife
(Picture: IGME-CSIC)
The lost island of Atlantis may have been found 2km under the ocean These volcanoes were once part of a system of islands that sat around the east of Lanzarote, off the coast of West Africa, during the Eocene era around 56 million years ago, CSIC said. Geologist and project coordinator Dr Luis Somoza told LiveScience: ‘This could be the origin of the Atlantis legend’ referring to the Ancient Greek philosopher’s tale. In a statement he said: ‘They were islands in the past and they have sunk, they are still sinking, as the legend of Atlantis tells. Some of us have been able to verify that they still maintain their beaches’
(Picture: IGME-CSIC)
The lost island of Atlantis may have been found 2km under the ocean The team of geologists went aboard the Sarmiento de Gamboa, an oceanographic vessel of the CSIC, and used an advanced remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to survey the waters at depths around 2.5km (1.5 miles) for a better understanding of the region’s volcanic activity. The dive was part of the team’s Atlantis project which aims to understand underwater volcanic and hydrothermal activity in the region
(Picture: IGME-CSIC)
The lost island of Atlantis may have been found 2km under the ocean They also assessed the state of the seabed around the archipelago from June 27 to August 6 to look for signs of magma and underwater volcanic activity that may pose risks to Spain’s population in the future. Some of the volcanoes in the underwater region may be more modern than previously thought, and could be the submarine equivalents of Spain’s Timanfaya volcano system, the team suggested
(Picture: IGME-CSIC)
The lost island of Atlantis may have been found 2km under the ocean The researchers also looked at how underwater minerals form in such extreme conditions as well as the water’s levels of microorganisms encouraging the formation of metals like manganese, cobalt, and phosphates, which are important for energy transition. The team will analyse the samples collected from Los Atlantes to date the volcanic rocks and pinpoint when the islands began to sink
(Picture: IGME-CSIC)
The lost island of Atlantis may have been found 2km under the ocean The study also reflects the vast life that exists on the seabed after the underwater lava flows formed the lava deltas, revealing how underwater life is reborn after the recent eruptions with new gardens of corals and sponges, or areas covered with bacterial next to the hydrothermal sources
An artist's conception of a large asteroid impacting Earth 65 million years ago.
Credit: MARK GARLICK / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images
The reality about menacing asteroids coming to destroy Earth in the modern-day is, perhaps surprisingly, not too scary.
Yes, the doomsayers thrive online, but the prognosis is encouraging:
- Astronomers have already found over 90 percent of the half-mile-plus "planet-killer" asteroids that at times pass near Earth's neighborhood, and there's no known threat of collision from these giant rocks for the next century; meanwhile, the likelihood of an impact in the next thousand years is exceedingly low.
- Using specialized telescopes, researchers are now discovering around 500 sizable space rocks (over 460 feet across) in our solar system neighborhood each year. None are threats, so far.
Yet, past cosmic violence is preserved in Earth's crust. Geologists have confirmed nearly 190 ancient impact craters on Earth — though our planet's evolving surface has certainly erased many of the earliest bombardments. The craters we know about tell a tale of a starkly different time in our planetary past, when fiery rocks plummeting through the sky were common.
"The solar system used to be a lot more violent than it is now," Sally Dodson-Robinson, a planetary scientist at the University of Delaware, told Mashable.
Early in our solar system, small grains of rock and ice began clumping together, creating miles-wide objects called planetesimals. They would collide and at times merge, eventually forming the familiar planets we see today. But many planetesimals weren't fated to become planets. Some flew around the sun, smashing into planets. This evidence is written in the well-cratered moon, Mars, and beyond.
"Crater evidence shows that during the first billion years or so of solar system history, asteroids were regularly bombarding planetary bodies at a devastating rate,"Dodson-Robinson explained.
Today, the leftover planetesimals are the rocky asteroids and icy comets in our much more tranquil solar system. (Of course, it's not completely tranquil.)
"The solar system used to be a lot more violent than it is now."
Radar images of the 1,100-foot-wide asteroid Apophis. It will pass so close to Earth in 2029 that it'll be visible in the sky from certain locations.
Credit: NASA
The preserved, or in some cases partially preserved, impact craters on Earth remain poignant reminders of our chaotic cosmic past. Here are some of the most significant known craters.
The largest impact crater on Earth
The Vredefort Crater in South Africa as viewed from above.
Credit: USGS / Landsat / NASA
An asteroid some six miles (10 kilometers) wide or bigger smashed into Earth and created the Vredefort Crater, in present-day South Africa, some 2 billion years ago, long before even the dinosaurs evolved.
At the time, researchers estimate the impact crater was a whopping 112 to 186 miles (180 to 300 km) wide. "The world’s oldest and largest known impact structure was formed," NASA said.
Eons later, the south portion of the crater is no longer visible, having been blanketed in younger rock.
Sudbury basin
A view of the topography of the ancient Sudbury impact crater.
Credit: NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
Some 1.8 billion years ago, a large comet — which is an ancient "dirty snowball" composed of icy and rocky grains — slammed into modern-day Canada. The impact basin is largely eroded today, though with aerial views and radar, one can make out parts of the impact crater.
The original crater was likely some 120 miles (200 km) wide.
Today, the region is home to nickel and copper mines. That's because the powerful impact, by cracking the crust and allowing parts of Earth's mantle to rise up from below, ultimately generated a great nickel deposit. Nickel is a vital element in electrical wiring, engines, batteries, and beyond.
"There have been positives from some of these impacts," Simon Jowitt, a geochemist at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, told Mashable.
"But obviously we don't want something the size of Sudbury hitting right now," he added. (A roughly six-mile-wide behemoth wiped out the dinosaurs, and the Sudbury comet was probably similar in size.)
The Chicxulub dinosaur impact
A gravity anomaly map of the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatan Peninsula.
Credit: NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
This one was the dinosaur killer.
The 65 million-year-old Chicxulub site, buried beneath the Yucatan Peninsula today, appears on gravity anomaly maps — which show how much the planet's gravity field, which is dictated by mass, differs from a hypothetically uniform surface. Today, it appears as about half of a huge crater.
The infamous six-mile-wide asteroid struck in shallow water, blowing prodigious amounts of pulverized earth into the skies which drastically cooled the climate. "The enormous amount of energy generated by this impact, equivalent to 10 thousand times the world's nuclear arsenal, ejected into the atmosphere huge quantities of dust particles and gases," NASA explained.
Crucially, scientists found this extremely fine dust proved extremely potent in blocking sunlight. A long, callous winter, with vastly reduced light for some two years, followed.
"That shuts down photosynthesis. And breaks down the food chain," David Fastovsky, a professor emeritus in the Department of Geosciences at the University of Rhode Island who has researched the dinosaur extinction, told Mashable.
The Meteor Crater in Arizona is relatively young, proof that Earthlings should track and be aware of potential incoming space rocks.
Some 50,000 years ago, a metal asteroid around 100 to 170 feet across slammed into modern-day Arizona. This is an object considerably smaller than those discussed above. Yet such a rock can still create a tremendous, regionally catastrophic blast.
"A similar-size impact event today could destroy a city the size of Kansas City," David Kring, an impact expert at the Lunar and Planetary Institute, told NASA.
The Clearwater Lakes Craters in northern Quebec, Canada, as seen from space.
Credit: NASA
A double-whammy.
Two big asteroids slammed into Quebec, Canada, right next to each other. Though researchers argue that these impacts are in fact separated by many millions of years.
Today, the impact basins are lakes. Clearwater West is estimated at some 280 million years old, while Clearwater East formed much earlier, around 450 million years ago. You can spot a ring of islands in the western lake that measures around six miles in diameter.
A colossal mystery in Australia
An image of the Deniliquin impact structure in Southeast Australia made using magnetic measurements.
Credit: UNSW / Data from Geoscience Australia, published in Glikson and Yeates, 2022
Australian researchers propose that a massive structure — potentially the largest impact structure on Earth — exists deep beneath the southeastern part of the continent in New South Wales.
Called the "Deniliquin structure," magnet measurements of the deep earth show a colossal multi-ring formation underground. The structure is some 520 kilometers across (around 320 miles in diameter).
That would have been quite a blast. "It was more than double the scale of the Chicxulub impact that killed off the dinosaurs," wrote Andrew Glikson, a geologist at Australian National University who has researched the structure.
Yet finding direct proof of the event, which could have driven a mass extinction, won't be easy. "The next step will be to gather samples to determine the structure’s exact age," Glikson said. "This will require drilling a deep hole into its magnetic center and dating the extracted material."
The evidence dramatically carved into Earth's crust makes it clear: Giant objects have slammed into Earth, particularly when the solar system was a chaotic place. But big or catastrophic impacts have become rare. That's why traces of impacts on Earth are relatively few.
"The fact is that through geologic history these impacts are fairly infrequent," said UNLV's Jowitt.
Small rocky particles, however, hit Earth every day, but quickly vaporize in the sky. Here are today's risks from objects both small, and very large.
Every single day about 100 tons of dust and sand-sized particles fall through Earth's atmosphere and promptly burn up.
Every year, on average, an "automobile-sized asteroid" plummets through our sky and explodes, explains NASA.
Impacts by objects around 460 feet in diameter occur every 10,000 to 20,000 years.
A "dinosaur-killing" impact from a rock perhaps a half-mile across or larger happens on 100-million-year timescales.
Other, developing solar systems are far more treacherous places. The solar system around the bright star Vega, for example, is likely filled with violent collisions. It's a young star surrounded by a rich disk of dust— which is evidence of ongoing impacts.
The young planets or objects out there must be unsettling places.
"They're pretty dangerous, I would guess," Dodson-Robinson said.
This story originally published in July 2023 and has been updated.
Scientists discover where the huge dinosaur-killing asteroid came from
Scientists discover where the huge dinosaur-killing asteroid came from
Story by Mark Kaufman
An artist's conception of a large asteroid impacting Earth 65 million years ago.
Credit: MARK GARLICK / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images
A menacing asteroid, some six miles wide, triggered Earth's last mass extinction. Now, scientists have found where it originated.
Unlike most space rocks that impact our planet today, this behemoth object came from beyond the gas giant Jupiter. It was a "C-type asteroid" — which are the dark, carbon-rich leftovers of the outer solar system — and the impact scattered the fateful object's remains all over Earth, some 66 million years ago.
It was "a projectile originating at the outskirts of the solar system and sealing the fate of the dinosaurs," Mario Fischer-Gödde, who researches the origin of asteroids and planets at the University of Cologne in Germany, told Mashable.
Fischer-Gödde led the new research, which was published in the peer-reviewed journal Science.
The asteroid left quite a mark. Today this impact zone is called the Chicxulub Crater, and is largely buried beneath the Yucatan Peninsula. The massive object struck in shallow water, blowing prodigious amounts of pulverized rock into the skies which drastically cooled the climate. A long, callous winter followed. Photosynthesis shut down. The food chain failed, and around 70 percent of Earth's species died. Though some dinosaurs survived.
A thin layer of sediment from this event, called the K-Pg boundary, is found around our planet. And one of the elements in it, ruthenium, is quite rare in Earth's crust, meaning that nearly 100 percent of the ruthenium in this widespread sediment sheet is from the infamous asteroid. Importantly, the researchers found the ruthenium isotopes (which are different types of ruthenium) in this telltale layer are similar to carbon-rich meteorites found all over Earth. What's more, the ruthenium samples didn't match the remnants of other major asteroid impacts, which came from objects formed in the inner solar system.
Related video:
New dinosaur species unveiled at the Natural History Museum (KTLA-TV Los Angeles)
"We found that the composition of the asteroid that impacted at Chicxulub is the same as that of carbonaceous meteorites, which are fragments of carbonaceous (C-type) asteroids that originally formed beyond the orbit of Jupiter," Fischer-Gödde said.
Previous research suspected the culprit was a C-type asteroid, too, but didn't use ruthenium in the analyses. That's because making these ruthenium measurements is very difficult, and progressive technological advancements made the latest observations possible, Fischer-Gödde explained. Only three or so laboratories globally, including at the University of Cologne, can conduct this ultra-specialized research.
The C-type asteroid Mathilde as captured by the NEAR spacecraft on June 27, 1997. It's some 38 miles (61 kilometers) across.
A depiction of an asteroid collision that likely lead to a mountain-sized rock heading towards Earth 66 million years ago.
As the solar system formed, many C-type asteroids came to inhabit the outskirts of the main asteroid belt, a ring containing millions of rocky objects between Mars and Jupiter. It's here the six-mile-wide Chicxulub impactor was probably propelled towards Earth. This was likely triggered by a collision between two asteroids, Fischer-Gödde explained. Or exposure to sunlight, causing a region on the space rock to heat up and release energy, could have given the asteroid a nudge (an outcome called the "Yarkovsky effect").
Such a huge collision with Earth, however, is extremely rare. A "dinosaur-killing" impact from a rock perhaps a half-mile across or larger happens on 100-million-year timescales. Astronomers have already found over 90 percent of the "planet-killer" asteroids that at times pass near Earth's neighborhood. There's no known threat of collision from these giant rocks for the next century; and the likelihood of an impact in the next thousand years is exceedingly low. (Meanwhile, impacts by objects around 460 feet in diameter occur every 10,000 to 20,000 years — an event that would be regionally devastating.)
Radar images of the 1,100-foot-wide asteroid Apophis. It will pass so close to Earth in 2029 that it'll be visible in the sky from certain locations.
Credit: NASA
Fortunately, should astronomers ever spot a large asteroid that threatens our humble world, NASA has successfully tested the first-ever endeavor to intentionally move an asteroid. It's a skill that needs significantly more refining, of course, but could prove useful in defending our civilization from future devastation.
NASA has never even needed to issue a warning about an incoming space rock, large or small. But if such an event ever transpires, you'll hear from the White House and many others — not just excitable tabloids.
Study: Asteroid Psyche Originated beyond Solar System’s Snow Line and Later Migrated to Main Belt
Study: Asteroid Psyche Originated beyond Solar System’s Snow Line and Later Migrated to Main Belt
Planetary scientists using spectral data from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope have confirmed the detection of hydroxyl molecules on the surface of the metallic asteroid Psyche. The presence of hydrated minerals suggests a complex history for Psyche.
Jarmak et al. used Webb, shown in the bottom right corner of this illustration, to confirm the presence of hydrated minerals on the surface of Psyche.
Image credit: Southwest Research Institute.
Psyche, a metal asteroid about 226 km (140 miles) in diameter, is one of the most intriguing targets in the main asteroid belt.
The object orbits the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter at a distance ranging from 378 to 497 million km (235-309 million miles) from the Sun.
Psyche takes about five Earth years to complete one orbit of the Sun, but only a bit over four hours to rotate once on its axis.
Unlike most other asteroids that are rocky or icy bodies, planetary scientists think Psyche is comprised mostly of metallic iron and nickel similar to Earth’s core.
On October 13, 2023, NASA launched the Psyche spacecraft, which is traveling 3.5 billion km (2.2 billion miles) to arrive at the asteroid in August 2029.
“Our understanding of solar system evolution is closely tied to interpretations of asteroid composition, particularly the M-class asteroids that contain higher concentrations of metal,” said Dr. Stephanie Jarmak, a researcher at the Harvard & Smithsonian’s Center for Astrophysics.
“These asteroids were initially thought to be the exposed cores of differentiated planetesimals, a hypothesis based on their spectral similarity to iron meteorites.”
The Webb data point to hydroxyl and perhaps water on Psyche’s surface. The hydrated minerals could result from external sources, including impactors
If the hydration is native or endogenous, then Psyche may have a different evolutionary history than current models suggest.
“Asteroids are leftovers from the planetary formation process, so their compositions vary depending on where they formed in the Solar Nebula,” said Dr. Anicia Arredondo, a researcher at Southwest Research Institute.
“Hydration that is endogenous could suggest that Psyche is not the remnant core of a protoplanet.”
“Instead, it could suggest that Psyche originated beyond the ‘snow line,’ the minimum distance from the Sun where protoplanetary disk temperatures are low enough for volatile compounds to condense into solids, before migrating to the outer main belt.”
However, the authors found the variability in the strength of the hydration features across the observations implies a heterogeneous distribution of hydrated minerals.
This variability suggests a complex surface history that could be explained by impacts from carbonaceous chondrite asteroids thought to be very hydrated.
Understanding the location of asteroids and their compositions tells us how materials in the Solar Nebula were distributed and have evolved since formation.
How water is distributed in our Solar System will provide insight into the distribution of water in other planetary systems and, because water is necessary for all life on Earth, will drive where to look for potential life, both in our Solar System and beyond.
“Using telescopes at different wavelengths of infrared light, the Southwest Research Institute-led research will provide different but complementary information to what the Psyche spacecraft is designed to study,” said Dr. Tracy Becker, a researcher at Southwest Research Institute.
Stephanie G. Jarmak et al. 2024. Estimate of water and hydroxyl abundance on asteroid (16) Psyche from JWST data. Planetary Science Journal, in press; doi: 10.3847/PSJ/ad66b9
This article is based on a press-release provided by Southwest Research Institute
AI Focuses UFO From 1937 Over City Hall In Vancouver, Canada UAP Sighting News.
AI Focuses UFO From 1937 Over City Hall In Vancouver, Canada UAP Sighting News.
Date of sighting: 1937
Location of sighting: City Hall, Vancouver, Canada
Here is an old UFO photo I had on my mind and wanted to look at it with ai in order to focus it. The photo is old, 1937 old and the description of the glowing blue craft has matched numbers other UFO reports worldwide so I knew this has a big chance of being 100% real. Watch the video, learn about who took it and what they saw, and subscribe to my Youtube channel if you can.
JFK, UFOs, and the Majestic 12: Unraveling the Cold War’s Deepest Secrets
JFK, UFOs, and the Majestic 12: Unraveling the Cold War’s Deepest Secrets
The assassination of President John F. Kennedy has remained one of the most scrutinized and debated events in American history. However, in a fascinating episode of “Reality Check” with Ross Coulthart, a fresh perspective emerges, suggesting that JFK’s involvement with UFOs and the covert Majestic 12 (MJ12) files could have played a role in his untimely demise.
This theory isn’t merely speculative but grounded in a complex web of Cold War events, intelligence operations, and declassified documents that tie JFK’s curiosity about UFOs to the clandestine activities of the CIA and other intelligence agencies.
The Cold War Context and Operation Palladium
At the height of the Cold War, espionage and covert operations between the United States and the Soviet Union reached their zenith. One such operation, known as Operation Palladium, involved injecting false UAP (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) signals into Soviet radar systems, causing confusion and potentially escalating tensions. David Lamar Christ, a CIA scientist likened to James Bond’s “Q,” was deeply involved in this operation. However, when Christ was captured and tortured by Cuban and Russian interrogators, he revealed secrets that compromised the operation, leading to further complications.
During a critical 1961 meeting in Vienna between JFK and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, the latter allegedly confronted the U.S. president about the spoofing activities by American forces. This exchange reportedly left Kennedy puzzled, prompting him to seek more information from the CIA.
The Majestic 12 Documents and JFK’s Involvement
The Majestic 12 (MJ12) files are a series of controversial documents that first surfaced in 1984, purporting to reveal a secret group overseeing the U.S. government’s investigation into UFOs, including the Roswell incident. While many have dismissed these documents as disinformation, former Australian intelligence officer Geoff Cruickshank suggests there may be some truth to them.
VIDEO:
JFK, UFOs and the Majestic 12 files | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart
One of the MJ12 documents allegedly shows JFK sending a directive to CIA Director Allen Dulles on June 28, 1961, asking for information about MJ12 and psychological warfare efforts. What’s intriguing is that Dulles’ event calendar, declassified only in 2022, confirms that he met with JFK twice on that very day—a detail that was unknown until recently, lending some credibility to the authenticity of the MJ12 files.
Cruickshank further argues that JFK’s insistence on transparency regarding UFOs and his desire for greater openness between the U.S. and the Soviet Union may have made him a target within the intelligence community. This, he believes, could explain why JFK was assassinated.
The Connection Between JFK, UFOs, and His Assassination
JFK’s interest in UFOs wasn’t merely academic. In November 1963, just days before his assassination, he issued National Security Action Memorandum 271, directing NASA to cooperate with the Soviets on space matters. This has led some, including Cruickshank, to speculate that JFK’s push for collaboration on UFO research could have been seen as a threat by those within the U.S. government who wanted to maintain control over this sensitive information.
Cruickshank highlights that the CIA, under Dulles, was running secretive operations without JFK’s knowledge, and this lack of transparency may have exacerbated tensions between the president and the intelligence community. Moreover, documents like the “important memo,” which surfaced after the Cuban Missile Crisis, suggest that JFK may have been briefed on MJ12 and other UFO-related matters, further fueling suspicions that his assassination was connected to his interest in these topics.
The Cuban Missile Crisis and UFOs
One of the most critical moments in Cold War history, the Cuban Missile Crisis, also plays a role in this narrative. During this period, there were multiple reports of UFOs appearing near U.S. military installations, including one during a test of an ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile) off the coast of California. These sightings, coupled with the heightened tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, made the situation even more precarious.
The presence of these unexplained phenomena, which both superpowers were aware of but not fully understood, added another layer of complexity to an already dangerous situation. Cruickshank suggests that this could have further motivated JFK’s desire for openness and cooperation with the Soviets, a stance that may have ultimately led to his downfall.
Conclusion: A Controversial Theory with Lingering Questions
While the connections between JFK, UFOs, and the Majestic 12 files are still shrouded in mystery, the theories presented by Geoff Cruickshank on “Reality Check” offer a compelling alternative perspective on JFK’s assassination. Whether or not these claims can be fully substantiated, they raise important questions about the extent of the U.S. government’s knowledge of UFOs, the secrecy surrounding these topics, and the potential consequences for those who sought to uncover the truth.
As more documents are declassified and researchers continue to delve into the historical record, the enigmatic relationship between JFK, UFOs, and the Majestic 12 files may eventually come into sharper focus, offering new insights into one of the most pivotal moments in American history.
Dit gebeurde direct na de inslag van de meteoriet die 66 miljoen jaar geleden het einde betekende voor de dinosaurus – ‘Ze werden gefrituurd en daarna bevroren’
Dit gebeurde direct na de inslag van de meteoriet die 66 miljoen jaar geleden het einde betekende voor de dinosaurus – ‘Ze werden gefrituurd en daarna bevroren’
De inslag van een meteoriet in het huidige Mexico 66 miljoen jaar geleden, was een belangrijke oorzaak van het uitsterven van de dinosaurus. Wetenschappers zijn het daar al langere tijd over eens.
Maar er zijn ontelbare theorieën over wat er nu precies is gebeurd met onze planeet en de bewoners na de inslag.
Een enorme afkoeling van de aarde omdat grote puin- en roetwolken de zon blokkeerden, zou dinosaurussen de das om hebben gedaan. Een andere verklaring luidt dat schadelijke gassen door wereldwijde vulkaanuitbarstingen de planeet voor hen onleefbaar zou hebben gemaakt.
Volgens nieuw onderzoek dat is gepubliceerd in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift ‘Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences’ was de wereldwijde afkoeling de oorzaak.
Door de inslag van de zo’n 10 kilometer brede Chicxulub-meteoriet, ontstonden er honderden meters hoge tsunami’s. Er braken enorme branden uit tot honderden kilometers in de omgeving en er kwam voor miljarden tonnen aan zwavel in de atmosfeer terecht. Al die gassen blokkeerden de zon en koelden de aarde sterk af.
De meteoriet zorgde regionaal voor een inferno, gevolgd door langdurige afkoeling van de hele planeet. Het betekende het einde van de dinosauriërs.
"Ze werden gefrituurd en daarna bevroren", zegt onderzoeksleider Sean Gulick over het lot van de dinosauriërs in een persbericht. "Niet alle dinosauriërs stierven op de dag van de inslag, maar vele wel."
Onderzoek in de Chicxulub-krater
Foto: Donald Davis/NASA
Om beter te begrijpen wat er op die fatale dag in de geschiedenis van onze planeet is gebeurd, hebben wetenschappers diepgravend onderzoek gedaan in de Chicxulub-krater. Een hele uitdaging omdat de krater deels in de Golf van Mexico ligt.
In 2016 hebben Gulick en zijn collega Joanna Morgen, monsters genomen in het deel van de krater waar in de 24 uur na de inslag stenen en puin terecht zijn gekomen. Er was nooit eerder materiaal uit dat gedeelte van de krater gehaald.
Na drie jaar lang onderzoek, hebben Gulick en Morgan een nauwkeurige tijdlijn kunnen opstellen van de nasleep van de inslag.
Foto: Sean Gulick en Joanna Morgan.
Bron: The University of Texas at Austin Jackson School of Geosciences
"Het is een uitgebreid verslag van de gebeurtenissen die we van binnenuit hebben kunnen reconstrueren, zegt Gulick.
De meteoriet sloeg in met een kracht van 10 miljard atoombommen
Dit is de door Gulick en Morgan opgestelde tijdlijn:
De meteoriet sloeg een gat van 190 kilometer breed en 30 kilometer diep in de zeebodem.
Daarin ontstond een borrelende put van gesmolten steen en superheet gas. Die enorme vuurketel leidde tot een kilometershoge pluim van puin en rook.
Die pluim zakte binnen enkele minuten in elkaar en stolde in pieken van golvend lava en rotsachtig materiaal. De pieken werden later bedekt met meer steen en sporen van verbrande grond en houtskool, die door enorme golven uit de oceaan werden meegebracht.
De aanwezigheid van die houtskool is volgens de onderzoekers het bewijs dat er grote branden zijn ontstaan na de inslag. Sommige branden woedden op honderden kilometers afstand van de krater.
Foto: Shutterstock
De wetenschappers schatten dat de kracht van de meteoriet vergelijkbaar was met die van 10 miljard atoombommen, zoals die zijn gebruikt in de Tweede Wereldoorlog.
Water in het omliggende land verdampte door de inslag van de meteoriet, terwijl het water in de oceaan zich verplaatste met de snelheid van een vliegtuig, zegt Gulick. Dat water vormde een tsunami die mogelijk wel tot de huidige Amerikaanse staat Illinois reikte, voordat hij ging liggen.
Gulick zegt tegen Newsweek dat de meteoriet met een snelheid van zo'n 20 kilometer per seconde moet zijn ingeslagen, waardoor de enorme hitte binnen mum van tijd dinosaurussen tot wel 1.5000 kilometer verderop bereikte.
"Binnen de 1.500 kilometer zou je heel weinig gezien hebben voordat je verbrandde", stelt hij.
Het gevolg van miljarden ton aan zwavel in de atmosfeer
De dinosaurus was niet de enige soort die uitstierf na de inslag van Chicxulub. Vliegende pterosauriërs en mariene roofdieren, zoals de mosasaurus en de plesiosaurus verdwenen ook, net als 75 procent van al het leven op de planeet.
Veel dieren kwamen uiteraard om in de directe omgeving van de inslag, maar het massale uitsterven was hoogstwaarschijnlijk een gevolg van veranderingen in de atmosfeer.
De inslag zou volgens het team van Gulick voor verdamping in zwavelrijke rotsen hebben gezorgd, waardoor enorm veel zwavel in de lucht terechtkwam. Vervolgens kon de zon daar niet doorheen dringen en koelde de planeet sterk af.
De wetenschappers zijn tot die conclusie gekomen omdat de monsters die ze onderzochten, wel veel zandsteen, kalksteen en graniet bevatten maar geen zwavel. En dat terwijl de rotsen in de buurt van de inslag helemaal vol zouden moeten zitten met zwavel.
Ze schatten dat er minstens 325 miljard ton zwavelgas in de atmosfeer terecht moet zijn gekomen.
Foto: De vulkaan Kraktau in Indonesië spuwt as uit.
Bron: Reuters
Ter vergelijking: een kwart van die hoeveelheid zwavel kwam in de atmosfeer terecht na de uitbarsting van de vulkaan Krakatau in Indonesië in 1883. Door die vulkaanuitbarsting zakte de temperatuur op aarde met 1,2 graden voor een periode van vijf jaar.
De gevolgen van de inslag van de Chicxulub-meteoriet waren vrijwel zeker veel ingrijpender en veel langduriger, stelt Gulick.
"De aarde zal er vanuit de ruimte waarschijnlijk niet uitgezien hebben als de bekende blauwe bol en het zal misschien wel twintig jaar hebben geduurd voordat het weer helder werd."
Meteoriet verantwoordelijk voor uitsterven dinosaurussen afkomstig uit rand zonnestelsel
Meteoriet verantwoordelijk voor uitsterven dinosaurussen afkomstig uit rand zonnestelsel
Meteoriet verantwoordelijk voor uitsterven dinosaurussen afkomstig uit rand zonnestelsel
De meteoriet die 66 miljoen jaar geleden het uitsterven van de dinosaurussen heeft veroorzaakt, is afkomstig uit de buitenste lagen van het zonnestelsel. Dat blijkt uit een onderzoek van VUB-geologen, gepubliceerd in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Science. De inslag van dergelijk type meteoriet is tot vandaag een uitzonderlijke geologische gebeurtenis.
Het team van VUB-geologen heeft in het onderzoek de Krijt-Paleogeen-grenslaag onder de loep genomen. Deze grenslaag in de samenstelling van het aardoppervlak is 66 miljoen jaar geleden ontstaan als gevolg van een meteorietinslag die het uitsterven van 70 procent van de toen levende dieren, waaronder ook de dino's, betekende. De asteroïde met een diameter van meer dan 10 kilometer is ingeslagen nabij de plek waar vandaag de Mexicaanse stad Chicxulub ligt. De impact was zo krachtig dat er over de hele aarde een kleilaag is gevormd als gevolg van de vrijgekomen stofdeeltjes.
Eindelijk weten we waar de planetoïde die de dino’s uitroeide vandaan kwam
Deze K-Pg-grenslaag bevat elementen die slechts uitzonderlijk in het aardoppervlak terug te vinden zijn, waaronder onder meer osmium, iridium en ruthenium. Uit een analyse van de chemische elementen in de kleilaag blijkt dat de Chicxulub-asteröide uit het buitenste gedeelte van het zonnestelsel afkomstig is. "We ontdekten dat de samenstelling van de asteroïde die insloeg op Chicxulub dezelfde is als die van koolstofhoudende meteorieten", zegt Steven Goderis, een van de auteurs van de studie. Deze C-type-asteroïden zijn "oorspronkelijk ver buiten de omloopbaan van Jupiter gevormd".
De uitzonderlijke aard van de Chicxulub-meteoriet blijkt ook uit de vergelijking van de chemische elementen uit andere lagen van het aardoppervlak. "Deze gegevens tonen aan dat in de afgelopen 500 miljoen jaar de dominante samenstellingen van lichamen die op aarde insloegen fragmenten van het steenachtige S-type asteroïden waren", aldus de geologen. Dit type asteroïden vormt zich in het binnenste zonnestelsel. "De inslag van een C-type asteroïde lijkt een tot nu toe unieke gebeurtenis te zijn".
Paul Amadeus Dienachborn in 1884 near Zurich, was a simple professor of French and German, but what happened to him (regardless of the explanations that can be given) was truly incredible. His extraordinary story is based on his personal journal, which was first published in Greek in 1972. During a year-long coma, Dienach wrote about his incredible experiences living in the year 3906. His journal entries are extremely detailed, revealing a life he claimed to have lived centuries in the future.
Dienach was a Swiss-Austrian teacher who struggled with fragile health. His father was a German-speaking Swiss, and his mother was an Austrian from Salzburg. Despite his health issues, Dienach was determined to live a fulfilling life. In the autumn of 1922, he traveled to Greece, hoping the mild climate would improve his condition.
While in Greece, Dienach taught French and German language lessons to support himself. One of his students, George Papahatzis, had a deep appreciation for Dienach and remembered him as a “very cautious and very modest man who used to emphasize the details.” Papahatzis described Dienach as a dedicated teacher who was passionate about sharing his knowledge.
Dienach’s background was marked by a love for learning and helping others. He grew up in a suburb of Zurich and spent his teenage years in a nearby village. He later studied subjects focused on cultural history, classical languages, and helping others. His interests and passions defined his life’s work.
Sadly, Dienach’s life was cut short when he likely died of tuberculosis in Athens, Greece, or while returning home through Italy in early 1924. Despite his passing, Dienach’s journal remains, offering a fascinating glimpse into his extraordinary experiences and insights.
Before Paul Dienach died, he gave his diary to Papahatzis, asking him to translate it from German to Greek to improve his language skills. Papahatzis thought it was a novel, but as he translated, he discovered it was actually Dienach’s diary… from the future!
Papachatzis was a Professor of Administrative Law at Panteion University from 1943 to 1967 when he was dismissed from the Greek military junta of 1967–74. He was among the prominent Greek Professors of the first period of the Panteion University after its foundation in 1927, which contributed to the university’s curriculum. He also served as Rector of the university from 1964 to 1965.
Dienach likely had a rare brain disease called encephalitis lethargica. The first time he fell asleep because of it, he was out for 15 minutes. The second time, he was in a coma for a year. While in a Geneva hospital, Dienach claimed his mind entered the body of a man named Andreas Northam, living in the year 3906 AD.
After waking up, Dienach didn’t tell anyone about his experience, fearing they’d think he was crazy. Instead, he wrote down everything he remembered about the future. He even quit his job to focus on writing as much as possible.
Dienach described the world and people of 3906 AD based on what he could understand as a man from the 20th century. It was hard for him to grasp everything he saw since he wasn’t familiar with their technology or way of life. The story of Paul Amadeus Dienach is reported in the 2015 book “Chronicles from the Future” by Achilleas Sirigos.
The book has so many details that some people think the author must have lived in a spiritual way in the year 3906 or in some future world. This is because of how detailed the book is. On the other hand, 1921 wasn’t very exciting, so there wasn’t much to inspire writers or spark their creativity.
In his memoirs, Dienach says that people in the future understood his strange medical condition, which they called “conscious slide.” They told him about the events from the 21st to the 39th century. However, they didn’t tell him about the 20th century, fearing that if he returned to his time (which he did), knowing the future might change history or his life.
Papahatzis began reading and translating the diary from French to Greek. In the 800 pages, Dienach wrote about how, during his coma, his consciousness left his body and entered the body of someone from the year 3906. Dienach repeatedly says in the diary that he is not a writer or someone with a lot of imagination or attention to detail.
Dienach lived in the future as Andreas Northam
In his diaries Dienach tells of how he lived, for a year, reincarnated as Andreas Northam, an Italian scientist in hospital following an accident on board a flying car, in 3906. Going beyond the events of his alleged existence in the 40th century.
2000-2300: humanity is still grappling with the problems of overpopulation, environmental pollution, economic inequalities, local wars, and food shortages for all.
2204: The large colonization of Mars by 20 million people is completed, but sixty years later, there will be an environmental catastrophe on the red planet that will leave no escape for anyone. As a consequence, humanity will never attempt to colonize any planet again for many centuries to come.
2309: environmental and humanitarian problems become increasingly worse, causing a major natural disaster and leading all nations into atomic war. Western nations prevail over China, and the consequences of the atomic bomb lead to a dramatic decline in the world population and large mass migrations.
2396: this catastrophe leads to the establishment of a Global Parliament where all nations are represented and united without distinction. In this new world order, power is entrusted to scientists, technocrats, and humanitarian figures. Money as we know it no longer exists, wealth has decreased, and the population can finally redistribute every resource equally. From this moment, we start counting again from year 1. However, there is still resistance to this change from some national governments, which will continue for a couple of centuries. After another five centuries, humanity will have become accustomed to the idea of global belonging, bringing the Dark Ages to an end in 3400.
3382: from this year, something phenomenal happens—a mutation of the human brain that allows a new ability called hyper-vision. It leads to the discovery of astounding concepts never before imagined.
3400-4000: The Golden Age begins after more than 1000 years of the “Dark Age.” In the government, there are no longer scientists and technocrats, but the so-called Universal Creators—personalities who incorporate skills from every field of human knowledge. This new world society is free from all the material and conceptual chains that have hindered the spiritual development of humankind. You work for just two years (from 19 to 21) in “glothners” or electrical production factories; after this period, you officially become cives, citizens of the world. The State, now a global body, takes care of the livelihood of the one billion people that Earth hosts, inevitably preserving it with birth control.
What’s interesting is that history up to the year 3906 seems to follow the ideas of Giambattista Vico (1668–1744). He believed that human history is a never-ending cycle of highs and lows. Humanity always faces challenges that lead to difficulties and sadness. Each time, humanity has to correct its negative actions with big changes. No matter how much technology or spiritual growth we achieve, we are doomed to never reach a permanent state of happiness.
Some fact check:
The man you saw in the thumbnail is actually not Paul Dienach. That is the mug shot of Daniel ‘Lohill’. The photograph was mislabeled as Daniel ‘Lohill’ at the time it was taken in 1908; the real name of this handsome rogue is Daniel TOHILL, and he was convicted of theft in Napier, New Zealand, and sentenced to 4 months of hard labor on March 2, 1908. (Source)
Daniel Tohill (incorrectly labelled as Daniel Lohill), born in 1881 in New Zealand. Charged with theft and sentenced to 4 months hard labor on 2 March 1908 in Napier. Image credit: New Zealand Police Museum.
Does that mean Paul Dienach’s story is a hoax? Not really. The Why Files gave a good explanation…
Paul Dienach lived in Zurich in the 1920s. This isn’t very long ago, and Zurich keeps records of everyone who lived there at that time. Athens does too, where Dienach was supposed to be teaching, but there are no records of anyone by that name.
George Papahatzis, the translator and publisher of the story, said he tried to find Dienach years later but couldn’t. He thinks Dienach might have changed his name before moving to Switzerland, where he was safe during World War I, which makes it hard to find out his real name.
Papahatzis also said that the original handwritten diary is missing. He claimed that while living in Greece during the war, Greek soldiers seized the notes because they were in Germany and never returned them. This sounds suspicious.
Others have noticed that the story is similar to an H.P. Lovecraft tale called “The Shadow Out of Time.” Lovecraft’s story is written like a diary, where the main character goes into a coma and wakes up at a different time. Dienach’s story is about waking up in the future, and Lovecraft’s story was published in 1936. If Dienach’s story was inspired by Lovecraft, then it couldn’t have been written in the 1920s.
It’s unlikely that Papahatzis was fooled by a hoax. He was a respected law professor and intellectual in Greece, even serving on their highest court. He was very interested in law, social studies, and humanities, which are themes in Dienach’s diary. It seems more likely that the book was an intellectual exercise on human spirituality, with Papahatzis adding a sci-fi twist.
Some people might find this hard to believe, but a well-known author named Caroline Leavitt said something similar happened to her. While she was in a coma, she felt like she was living someone else’s life. We still don’t understand a lot about dreams and how they connect to our minds. This makes us wonder if there’s more to our abilities as humans than we think. (Source)
Can you have sex in space? How astronauts stuck on board the ISS could join the '220-mile-high club' (although NASA insists that no humans have done it before!)
Can you have sex in space? How astronauts stuck on board the ISS could join the '220-mile-high club' (although NASA insists that no humans have done it before!)
Sex in space is not physically impossible, although it would be difficult
Butch and Suni's predicament has left a few dirty minded space fans with one burning question - could they have sex to pass the time?
On social media, commenters rushed to speculate how the pair could spend their six months, with one cheekily tweeting: 'I hope they brought birth control with them.'
While Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams are both married to partners back on Earth, experts predict that space tourists will be getting in on in orbit within 10 years.
But from the logistical issues of intimacy in microgravity to the unfortunate effects of orbit on erectile dysfunction, joining the 220-mile-high club might not be as fun as it seems.
Astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams hit the headlines this month , after NASA revealed that they would be stuck on the International Space Station together for six months, despite originally expecting to be there for eight days. Butch and Suni's predicament has left a few dirty minded space fans with one burning question - could they have sex to pass the time?
On social media, commenters rushed to speculate on how the pair could spend their six months, with one cheekily tweeting: 'I hope they brought birth control with them'
Another commenter added that the astronauts would be 'coming home with a baby on board'
Is sex in space possible?
Experts say that sex in space is physically possible but not recommended.
There is nothing stopping astronauts from overcoming the challenges of having sex in microgravity.
However, low libido and erectile dysfunction may make things difficult.
The biggest risks are associated with pregnancy.
Experts are not sure whether microgravity and radiation will damage a developing foetus.
Some studies have suggested that developing in space could lead to birth defects in children.
Has anyone ever had sex in space?
According to NASA's official line, no human has ever had sex in space and there is very little reason to doubt this is true.
While astronauts are only human, they are also highly-trained professionals operating in an extremely high-stress environment.
While the ISStheoretically spacious enough for an amorous couple, there are very few private areas and the station is constantly monitored.
However, NASA did once unknowingly send a newly married couple on the same mission to space.
In 1992, the Space Shuttle Endeavor was launched with Mark Lee and Jan Davis on the crew who had secret married the year before.
Both NASA and the newlyweds deny that the couple made use of this unique opportunity, but we can never know for certain.
As a direct consequence of this, NASA made a formal ruling that married couples could not fly together and since 2010 has explicitly said it does not allow sex between astronauts.
Experts say there is nothing theoretically stopping astronauts from having sex in space but there are dangers for reproduction. Pictured, Jennifer Lawrence and Chris Pratt in the 2016 film Passengers
NASA says that no one has ever had sex in space, but the best possible contenders would be Jan Davis and Mark Lee (pictured) who are the only married couple to visit space
Whether or not anyone has actually had sex in space, there doesn't seem to be anything to prevent people from trying.
Dr Adam Watkins, Associate Professor in reproductive and developmental physiology, at the University of Nottingham told MailOnline: 'Sex in space is physically possible, but would not be as easy as it is here on Earth.'
Dr Watkins notes that simple constraints such as a lack of privacy would make sex on the ISS difficult but the biggest problem is likely to be the lack of gravity.
While this might call for some more acrobatic solutions, there is nothing that human ingenuity can't overcome.
For an interesting example, you can look at how astronauts train to do CPR while in orbit.
To stop the first-aider drifting away while trying to apply compressions to their patient, the ISS uses a 'CPR bench' which straps the rescuer to the equipment.
Sex in space would be logistically challenging, but astronauts have found their way around similar problems such as how to deliver CPR. Pictured, ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti demonstrates how to deliver CPR in microgravity
With months to kill aboard the space station, there is certainly nothing stopping astronauts figuring out how to give this device a second purpose.
German astronaut Ulrich Walter once said in an interview that humans could also look to the animal kingdom for inspiration.
Dolphins will sometimes enlist the help of a third to push the couple together and prevent them from drifting apart while mating.
Walter suggested that open-minded astronauts might also enlist the help of a willing friend to push them together.
Alternatively, Paul Root Wolpe, a former NASA Bioethicist, has described how the humble Velcro strap could be the answer.
Mr Wolpe told DW: 'Everything on the walls of the space station is covered in Velcro, so you could take advantage of that by velcroing one partner to the wall.
'You have to get creative in this space.'
But even if a couple could overcome the logistical issues, physiological barriers might still get in the way.
Exposure to conditions in space causes intense disruptions to astronauts' hormonal cycles including reduced levels of oestrogen.
That hormonal imbalance leads to a lower libido, which might stop astronauts wanting to have sex in the first place.
Dr Watkins says: 'There can be some biological issues such as getting, and maintaining an erection in space is more difficult than here on earth due to the blood pressure changes that occur while in space.'
Additionally, in microgravity, blood doesn't pump around the body in the normal way but instead tends to rush towards the head.
Inside the 'bedroom' of the ISS (pictured) there isn't a lot of room for moving about but the velcro on the walls has been suggested as a way of overcoming the logistical challenges of sex in space
Astronauts need to use straps and velcro to avoid drifting away while sleeping, it is possible that similar methods could be used to prevent two people drifting apart. Pictured astronaut Gregory C. Johnson rests in the Shuttle Atlantis
Does space cause erectile dysfunction?
Some research suggests that the rush of blood to the head in microgravity could make it harder to sustain an erection.
Studies in rats have shown that simulated microgravity and radiation lead to long-term erectile dysfunction.
However, a number of male astronauts have confirmed that it is possible to get an erection in space.
Former NASA astronaut Mike Mullane went so far as to suggest that being in space had a Viagra-like effect.
AS well as affecting astronauts' eyesight and giving them puffy faces, this rush of blood can also leave male astronauts unable to maintain an erection.
A paper published last year found that simulated spaceflight in rats leads to 'long-term impairment of neurovascular erectile function'.
While NASA has stayed surprisingly quiet on these suggestions, a few former astronauts have stepped in to dispel any concerns.
In an Ask Me Anything Reddit thread, former NASA astronaut Ron Garan was asked whether erections were possible in space.
In response, Mr Garan simply replied: 'I know of nothing that happens to the human body on Earth that can't happen in space.'
Some astronauts such as Mike Mullane, a former NASA astronaut, are far less subtle.
In his book, Riding Rockets, Mr Mullane wrote: 'I had an erection so intense it was
He added: 'I could have drilled through kryptonite.'
Overall, while having sex in space is likely unpleasant, time-consuming, and awkward, it is probably possible.
Sex in space may be made difficult by the fact that microgravity lowers oestrogen levels which reduces the libido while also leading to erectile dysfunction (file photo)
However, just because sex in space is possible, that doesn't necessarily mean it is advisable.
The biggest problem for any astronauts thinking about getting intimate is the risk of pregnancy.
Most female astronauts take birth control to delay their periods while in space but this is by no means compulsory.
Likewise, since NASA has a blanket ban on sex in space there are no other means of contraception aboard the station.
A number of studies have shown that getting pregnant in space is extremely difficult and potentially even impossible.
However, Dr Watkins notes that since no one has ever gotten pregnant in space we just can't know what the consequences will be.
Dr Watkins says: 'DNA damage from the high levels of cosmic radiation is a real concern. Astronauts who spend six months in space are exposed to roughly the same amount of radiation as 1,000 chest X-rays.
The biggest risk of sex in space is that any children might have severe birth defects due to radiation. In a recent experiment (pictured) scientists found that mouse embryos were able to develop without any cell damage
'A pregnant woman, and her developing fetus, would also be exposed to that cosmic radiation while in space. This could be harmful to the embryos and the fetus.'
But an earlier study published in 2020 conversely found that mouse embryos developed in space 'contain severe DNA damage'.
Likewise, since only a few people have gone to space we don't have enough data to really know what the effects would be on an unborn child.
Dr Watkins concludes: 'Until recently, reproduction in space has not been a major priority for the different space agencies.
'Now that there are plans to colonise the moon and even Mars, how we would populate other worlds has become more of a focus and will need to be addressed if we are to establish, maintain and grow human colonies off Earth.'
On board the ISS there is a toilet which has several attachments.
As there is no gravity in space, liquids do not flow but accumulate in floating globules.
To counter this problem, there are hoses which are used and provide pressure to suck the fluid from the body.
Each astronaut has their own personal attachment.
When a toilet is not available or the astronaut is on a space-walk, the astronauts use MAGs (maximum absorbency garments) which are diapers that soak up all the waste.
They are effective for short missions but have been known to leak occasionally.
Nasa is aiming to develop a suit which allows for long-term spacesuit usage and complete independent disposal of human waste.
On the moon missions there was no toilet and the all-male crew had 'condom catheter's that attached to the penis and the fluid was fed to a bag that resided outside of the suit.
According to an 1976 interview with astronaut Rusty Schweickart, the condom catheters came in three sizes: small, medium and large.
Despite the practical advantages of having the right size, the astronauts often ordered the large ones and this resulted in a leakage of urine in the suit.
To combat this, Nasa renamed the sizes as large, gigantic, and humongous to appease the male ego.
There has yet to be an effective female equivalent developed, something Nasa aims to change for the Orion missions.
Witnessing the Northern Lights is something that features on many people's bucket-lists.
Now, one lucky astronaut has trumped seeing them from Earth, and instead has posted an incredible video of the aurora from space.
Matthew Dominick, a NASA astronaut currently on board the International Space Station (ISS), tweeted his bird's-eye view of the Northern Lights.
The stunning footage has garnered huge attention, with fans dazzled by the unique view of the aurora.
Even NASA itself was impressed, with the NASA Earth X account replying: 'These videos never get old.'
Witnessing the Northern Lights is something that features on many people's bucket-lists. Now, one lucky astronaut has trumped seeing them from Earth, and instead has posted an incredible video of the aurora from space
Mr Dominick launched to the ISS on March 3, 2024 as commander of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-8 mission.
He’s serving as a flight engineer aboard the orbiting laboratory and was expected to spend around six months on the ISS, although his return to Earth could be pushed back amid the issues with the Boeing Starliner.
While he spends most of his time on the ISS conducting scientific experiments, Mr Dominick also regularly snaps photos and films footage from his unique vantage point.
'Timelapse of the moon setting into streams of red and green aurora followed by a sunrise lighting up Soyuz with a light blue,' he wrote in the caption with his latest video.
'The aurora have been amazing the past few days.'
His video has already been viewed almost 800,000 times, and several fans have replied, expressing their amazement.
'Man that is just amazing... what a sight,' one user wrote.
Another added: 'you are becoming the ultimate space photographer, great work again!'
While he spends most of his time on the ISS conducting scientific experiments, Mr Dominick also regularly snaps photos and films footage from his unique vantage point
His video has already been viewed almost 800,000 times, and several fans have replied, expressing their amazement
And one joked: 'What a strange world. Fun to visit, I'm sure.'
Auroras are caused by disturbances in Earth's 'magnetosphere' (its system of magnetic fields) due to powerful activity on the sun.
High-energy particles travel from the sun towards us at hundreds of miles per second before bombarding our magnetosphere.
At this point, some of the energy and small particles can travel down the magnetic field lines at the north and south poles into our planet's atmosphere.
There, the particles interact with gases in our atmosphere, resulting in beautiful displays of light in the sky, known as auroras.
Oxygen gives off green and red light, while nitrogen glows blue and purple.
The Northern and Southern Lights are natural light spectacles triggered in our atmosphere that are also known as the 'Auroras'.
There are two types of Aurora - Aurora Borealis, which means 'dawn of the north', and Aurora Australis, 'dawn of the south.'
The displays light up when electrically charged particles from the sun enter the Earth’s atmosphere.
There are two types of Aurora - Aurora Borealis (file photo), which means 'dawn of the north', and Aurora Australis, 'dawn of the south.' The displays light up when electrically charged particles from the sun enter the Earth’s atmosphere
Usually the particles, sometimes referred to as a solar storm, are deflected by Earth’s magnetic field.
But during stronger storms they enter the atmosphere and collide with gas particles, including hydrogen and helium.
These collisions emit light. Auroral displays appear in many colours although pale green and pink are common.
Elon Muskhas big ambitions to colonize Mars by 2050, and a new scientific discovery could make those dreams a reality.
A team of scientists have proposedan 'innovative' way to warm the Red Planet by more than 18 degrees Fahrenheit in just a matter of months, which they believe would be enough to sustain human life.
They proposed injecting large quantities of Martian dust into the atmosphere to improve its ability to trap heat, just like water vapor and carbon dioxide do on Earth.
Shooting about 10 liters of dust, consisting of iron and aluminum, per second for at least a decade could warm the planet from -85F to 86F.
A groundbreaking new discovery suggests that Elon Musk's dream of terraforming Mars might not be as far-fetched as people think.
Elon Musk dreams of building a Martian city that could sustain a million people by 2050.
Musk himself has said that he plans to use the natural resources on Mars to 'terraform' its existing atmosphere and make the planet warmer, wetter and overall more like Earth.
The idea of being stuck in space might sound like the plot of the latest science fiction blockbuster. But it has become a reality for Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore - two unlucky astronauts who are potentially stuck on the International Space Station (ISS) until 2025, despite only expecting to be there for eight days. Although the views might be out of this world, the ISS is far from the ideal destination for an impromptu eight-month trip. With little spare room and zero gravity, even simple tasks like eating or going to the toilet can be extremely difficult. And whether it's in their phone box-sized bedrooms or on the vacuum-powered toilet, the astronauts aboard the orbiting station can often be cramped, smelly, and uncomfortable.
Going to bed on Earth might be one of the simplest things imaginable. But without the assistance of gravity, lying down or even resting your head on a pillow essentially becomes impossible. Aboard the ISS, the astronauts' main sleeping quarters are located in the Harmony Module near one end of the space station. In each of the four walls, there are four 'sleep stations', each about the same size as a phone booth. Rather than trying to lie on a mattress, the astronauts cocoon themselves in sleeping bags tethered to the inside of the station. Although the sleep stations do close to give the astronauts some privacy and darkness, drifting off can be quite tricky.
The ISS can be quite loud as the station's life support systems whirr through the night and the station is regularly bathed in the intense light from the sun as it orbits. For this reason, eye masks and earplugs are standard issue for astronauts looking to get some much-needed rest. One of the biggest risks of sleeping in space is not a bad night's rest but the build-up of CO2. Without gravity, CO2 from the astronaut's breath can form a 'bubble' around their head, potentially suffocating them in their sleep. Thankfully, the NASA sleeping pods are well-ventilated so that the astronauts can breathe fresh air all night. NASA assigns its astronauts eight hours of sleep time after a 16-hour working day, but most astronauts generally get about six hours of shut-eye after spending some of their time resting and relaxing.
Astronauts on the ISS start their day by brushing their teeth and having a wash. But as with everything in space, this is far more complicated than it would be on Earth. Without gravity, water's surface tension causes it to act like a sticky mass, forming large floating orbs that attach themselves to nearby surfaces. This rules out the possibility of having a shower, so astronauts bathe twice a day using washcloths, with one used for washing and the other for rinsing. Hair is kept clean using rinseless shampoo and astronauts even give each other haircuts by using a vacuum to suck away the freshly cut hair. When it comes to brushing your teeth, this is actually quite easy since water sticks to the toothbrush in microgravity. Since floating wastewater would be a danger to the electronics, astronauts either spit their toothpaste into a piece of paper or just swallow it.
Perhaps the biggest question on everyone's mind is how astronauts are able to go to the toilet while in space. The toilet on the ISS, or 'orbital outhouse' as it is jokingly called by astronauts, is located in the Tranquility module. Unlike a terrestrial toilet, the ISS toilet has two separate receptacles for solid and liquid waste. For urine, the astronauts use a hose with a funnel on the front to catch the liquid before it escapes into the rest of the station. And for solid waste, there is a small hole with a lid which uses fan-powered suction to help everything end up where it needs to go. However, astronauts have reported that this set-up takes some practice to use and the process can reportedly become somewhat messy.
In an earlier tour of the ISS, Suni Williams pointed out the various gloves, wet wipes, and disinfectant supplies kept in the toilet to make sure everything remains hygienic. Once the astronauts have done their business, faeces is sucked into rubbish bags where it is dehydrated and compressed. These bags are sometimes returned to Earth for study but are usually burned up in the atmosphere. Urine, meanwhile, is sent through the station's Water Recovery System and transformed back into usable water.
Most of an astronaut's day aboard the ISS is spent working, and shifts usually last 16 hours with a few breaks for meals. Work may involve carrying out routine maintenance of the space station and making repairs to the various systems. In some cases, that could involve 'extra-vehicular activity', otherwise known as spacewalks, in which the astronauts step outside the station. A large part of their work is scientific, with astronauts carrying out various experiments to learn more about the effects of space radiation and microgravity.
In the highly demanding environment of space, astronauts need to eat a lot of nutritious food to stay healthy. That means getting three square meals a day plus snacks to make up a diet of at least 2,500 calories. Since resupplies are infrequent and fresh produce is heavier to transport, the majority of astronauts' food is dehydrated for long-term storage. Astronauts use a water gun to rehydrate the packaged food, before heating it in a microwave. Astronauts are also provided with powdered drinks that can be rehydrated and drunk through a straw. However, between 2015 and 2017 astronauts also had access to the ISSpresso which was the first ever espresso coffee machine designed for space.
Astronauts eat their meals in the Unity module which is fitted with all the necessary food preparation equipment as well as antibacterial materials on the walls. Due to their busy schedules, the crew won't often eat together during the week with the exception of Sunday when the team will come together for a group meal. To maintain some sense of normalcy, the astronauts eat at a table, strapping their legs to chairs and using magnetic trays to hold their food in place. The biggest difference in an astronaut's diet is that booze is absolutely off the cards. NASA has forbidden drinking alcohol on any mission on the grounds that astronauts need to be alert and healthy at all times. To this day, Buzz Aldrin remains the only person to have consumed alcohol in space after he drank a small amount of wine during a secret communion service in the moon lander.
In addition to eating well, astronauts need a lot of exercise to remain fit and healthy. NASA astronauts are required to do two hours of exercise every day while on the ISS and are carefully monitored for fitness and health. Without the need to fight against gravity, astronauts' muscles can quickly shrink, leading to potential health complications. This is part of the reason that many astronauts are unable to walk for a time after re-entering Earth's gravity. The ISS has three main pieces of exercise equipment for the astronauts to use which are located in the Tranquility module.
Astronauts can either choose to use an exercise bike called CEVIS, a treadmill called T2, or a weight-lifting system called ARED. In the absence of gravity, the machines use a combination of pistons, flywheels, and elastic bands to simulate the force of an astronaut's weight. During their time on the ISS, Williams and Wilmore, have even been taking part in weightless Olympics-inspired workouts in order to stay occupied and stay positive amid uncertainty.
This study suggests he may be onto something.
'It’s not that often you get some really quite new, innovative idea for terraforming,' Colin McInnes, a space engineer at the University of Glasgow not involved with the work, told Science Magazine.
'The gap between where Mars is and where Mars could be for habitability is narrower than we might think,' he added.
Related video:
What Has Curiosity Learned About Mars In 10 Years Since Landing? (Dailymotion)
The researchers' approach is actually based on the same atmospheric mechanism that's driving climate change here on Earth: the greenhouse effect.
Currently, Mars' atmosphere is so thin that heat from the sun easily escapes the planet's surface.
The microscopic size and spherical shape of Martian dust mean that it isn't great at absorbing radiation or reflecting heat back down to the surface.
But the research team believes they could use the iron and aluminum in the dust to engineer nine-micrometer-long rods.
That's roughly twice the size of a Martian dust particle, but smaller than a speck of glitter.
Currently, the surface of Mars is a freezing, barren desert. But scientists have come up with a simple way to warm up the Red Planet.
Terraforming Mars' atmosphere would bring us one step closer to establishing a human colony on the red planet.
When the researchers tested how their particles would absorb heat radiation and reflect it down to the planet's surface, they found 'unexpectedly huge effects,' Samaneh Ansari, a Ph.D. student at Northwestern University and the study's lead author, told Science Magazine.
This approach would require about two million tons of particles per year, but manufacturing them would be relatively easy because the ingredients are right there on Mars.
That sets this new approach apart from previous schemes to globally warm the Red Planet.
By comparison, this method would be roughly 5,000 times more efficient, the researchers claimed.
This strategy would still take decades, but it seems logistically easier than any other ideas proposed so far.
Warming up Mars would be a critical first step towards making this planet a suitable home for humans, or any other life form for that matter.
It would free up the little water that's frozen in polar ice caps beneath the planet's surface, and make Mars a more suitable place for agriculture and out own bodies.
Mars' atmosphere is too thin to trap heat at the surface. Scientists want to inject it with engineered dust to make it more insulating.
This is all great news for Musk. But warming up Mars is just one step down a long road he'll need to travel before he can colonize the Red Planet.
Even with this new atmosphere, humans still wouldn't be able to breathe the air on Mars because it doesn't contain enough oxygen.
Plus, the air pressure on Mars is 150 times lover than on Earth, which would cause human blood to boil.
Musk will have to solve these problems and more before he builds a bustling Martian metropolis. But this new research brings him a little bit closer to realizing his dream.
Astronaut Matthew Dominick captured this time-lapse imagery of an aurora dancing through the skies over Earth's polar latitudes in streams of flickering red and green light.
A recent uptick in solar activity has lit up the polar skies with auroras: streams of red or green light that happen when charged particles from the Sun race along the lines of Earth’s magnetic field to collide with the upper atmosphere. This usually happens close to the North and South Poles, but auroras have been visible at lower latitudes several times in recent months. Astronauts aboard the ISS arguably have the best view of all, and Matthew Dominick just proved it.
One of thousands of images Dominick captured with his new lenses over the weekend.
Matthew Dominick, NASA
Lights, Camera, Space Station
NASA astronaut Matthew Dominick took thousands of photos of the spectacular auroras over the weekend and put them together in this short time-lapse video.
"We received a cargo shipment this week with lots of cool stuff, to include some new camera lenses," wrote Dominick on Sunday. "Spent a good part of the weekend with a 15mm, T1.8 lens. Made a whole bunch of timelapses."
In another post, Dominick added, "The aurora have been amazing the past few days"
Part of the station (and a docked Soyuz crew capsule) hovers in the foreground, the glittering stars of deep space in the distance, and the green and red lights of the auroras dance across Earth's upper atmosphere. At about the 45-second mark, the light of sunrise (which happens about every 90 minutes as the ISS zips around the planet) bathe the docked Soyuz capsule in a pale blue glow.
This video was pieced together from individual time-lapse images.
Another image, not part of the short video, shows part of the ISS in the foreground, with the aurora glowing in Earth's atmosphere — and beyond that, the dense swath of stars that make up the Milky Way's disk.
"Still looking though 1000s of frames, lots of which have aurora, but the Milky Way in this one stood out," wrote Dominick.
Dominick captured the aurora and the Milky Way, and some city lights down on Earth, in this single image.
Matthew Dominick, Nasa
The new lenses were part of a supply shipment loaded aboard a Cygnus cargo vessel, which docked at the ISS last Tuesday. Cygnus also brought fresh fruit and vegetables, a new supply of coffee, nearly 2,800 pounds of research equipment, more than 3,500 pounds of new hardware for the station, and more than 2 tons of other supplies for the crew.
Those supplies included some clothes and personal food items for stranded Starliner crew members Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams, who are now scheduled to return home on a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft sometime in early 2025.
NASA astronaut Matthew Dominick took this photo of the aurora display caused by a coronal mass ejection from the International Space Station. “Felt so lucky to grab this shot,” he wrote on X, formerly Twitter.
Matthew Dominick/NASA
Astronaut Matthew Dominick captured this stunning time-lapse of the Northern Lights from the International Space Station.
A new James Webb Space Telescope analysis of the giant, metal-rich asteroid Psyche reveals signs of hydration in the form of rust. This could help pin down the mysterious rock's origins.
An illustration of the metal-rich asteroid Psyche. James Webb Space Telescope data suggests the hydroxyl groups on Psyche are probably bound to metal on the asteroid's surface, forming rust.
(Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU)
Scientists using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have identified a component of water on the mysterious metal-rich asteroid Psyche. The findings suggest the hydration exists as rust and may shed light on how this enigmatic object formed.
The asteroid 16 Psyche is pretty unusual for the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Measuring an enormous 173 miles (280 kilometers) at its widest, the potato-shaped object was once thought to be wholly metallic. Psyche's supershiny surface had led researchers to suggest the asteroid was possibly the iron-rich heart of a planetesimal (a planetary building block) and could unravel how Earth and the other terrestrial planets formed. Some have valued the asteroid’s rare metal components at $100,000 quadrillion — a literal goldmine in space.
But all that glitters isn't gold — or even metal. Over the past decade, new data about Psyche's density and reflectance spectra — the intensity of different wavelengths of sunlight reflected off the asteroid's surface ― suggest it is most likely a mixed silicate and metal world.
In 2017, researchers discovered tantalizing traces of another component: water. Spectra from the infrared region, at long wavelengths that we perceive as heat but can't see, showed the signature of hydroxyl units — the OH molecule, which forms part of water.
These results suggested Psyche's surface may contain small amounts of water, as either ice or hydrated minerals. But the results were inconclusive, since the spectrum, collected using NASA's ground-based Infrared Telescope Facility in Hawaii, may have been corrupted by water in Earth's atmosphere. Besides, the researchers hadn't found a more definitive signature of water from a slightly higher infrared wavelength. That signature has helped other astronomers "detect widespread molecular water on the Moon but had not yet been used for asteroids," study author Stephanie Jarmak, a planetary scientist at the Harvard and Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, told Live Science in an email.
An artist's illustration of the James Webb Space Telescope. (Image credit: Alamy)
To determine if Psyche really has water, Jarmak and scientists from several U.S. and German institutes turned to two of JWST's infrared-sensing instruments: the Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), which can detect shorter and longer infrared wavelengths, respectively. By directing these instruments toward the asteroid in March 2023, the scientists collected snapshots of the spectrum reflected by Psyche's north pole, which was then facing the telescope. Their results have been accepted by the Planetary Science Journal and are available as a preprint via arXiv.
The NIRSpec data showed the hydroxyl signature, confirming its presence on the asteroid. What's more, Jarmack noted, the high-quality data allowed comparisons with hydroxyl signatures from other meteorites, revealing that Psyche's hydroxyl signature resembled that from certain rust-bearing, carbon-rich meteorites. This finding led the researchers to conclude that hydroxyls are bonded to metals on Psyche, forming rust.
But the MIRI data lacked the conclusive signature of water. Still, the researchers can't rule out the presence of water, as it could be present on other parts of Psyche that JWST couldn't see. It's also possible that water is present but at concentrations below MIRI's detection limit, making it less than half the concentration of water on the moon, which is itself only a raindrop's equivalent in 2.25 pounds (1 kg) of soil.
Apart from forming rust, Psyche's hydroxyl groups provide hints about how the asteroid formed. If the hydroxyl formed within the asteroid, this could indicate Psyche was born in the cold, outer bounds of the solar system and tottered inward over millions of years. However, the existing evidence suggests water-bearing asteroid impactors that slammed into Psyche and shaped it also brought the hydroxyl.
Future plans include studying exactly where the hydrated metals are found on Psyche's surface, Jarmak said, adding that these include "observations of Psyche's south pole that contains a large crater that may have resulted from an encounter with a hydrated impactor."
Metal-rich asteroids are lucrative sources of rare minerals and the subject of future space mining ventures. However, despite its estimated value, Psyche isn't among them — at three times Earth's distance from the sun, it's too far for extraction efforts to be cost-effective.
Scientists hoping to find proof of life on mars have found evidence of a reservoir of water that could at one point have sustained life.
The body of water resides deep under the surface of Mars within fractured igneous rocks, holding enough to fill an ocean that would cover the entire surface of Earth's planetary neighbour.
The discovery follows seismic data obtained by NASA's robotic InSight lander during a mission that helped decipher the interior of Mars.
The water, located about 7.2 to 12.4 miles (11.5 to 20 km) below the Martian surface, potentially offers conditions favourable to sustain microbial life, either in the past or now, the researchers said.
University of California planetary scientist and co-author of the study Vashan Wright said: "At these depths, the crust is warm enough for water to exist as a liquid. At more shallow depths, the water would be frozen as ice."
The InSight lander touched down in 2018 to study the deep interior of Mars, gathering data on the planet's various layers, from its liquid metal core to its mantle and its crust. The InSight mission ended in 2022.
Fellow co-author Michael Manga said: "On Earth, we find microbial life deep underground where rocks are saturated with water and there is an energy source. InSight was able to measure the speed of seismic waves and how they change with depth.
"The speed of seismic waves depends on what the rock is made of, where it has cracks and what fills the cracks. We combined the measured seismic wave speed, gravity measurements and rock physics models. The rock physics models are the same as the ones we use to measure properties of aquifers on Earth or map oil and gas resources underground."
The data indicated the presence of this reservoir of liquid water within fractured igneous rocks - formed in the cooling and solidification of magma or lava - in the Martian crust, the planet's outermost layer.
Wright said: "Mid-crust whose rocks are cracked and filled with liquid water best explains both seismic and gravity data
"The water exists within fractures. If the InSight location is representative and you extract all the water from the fractures in the mid-crust, we estimate that the water would fill a 1-2 km deep (0.6-1.2 miles) ocean on Mars globally."
The Martian surface is cold and desolate today but once was warm and wet. That changed more than 3 billion years ago. The study suggests that much of the water that had been on the Martian surface did not escape into space, but rather filtered down into the crust.
Manga added: "Early Mars had liquid water on its surface in rivers, lakes and possibly oceans. The crust on Mars could also have been full of water from very early in its history, too,
"On Earth, groundwater underground infiltrated from the surface, and we expect this to be similar to the history of water on Mars. This must have occurred during a time when the upper crust was warmer than it is today."
Water would be a vital resource if humankind ever is to place astronauts on the Martian surface or establish some sort of long-term settlement.
Mars harbours water in the form of ice at its polar regions and in its subsurface. But the depth of the apparent underground liquid water would make it difficult to access.
AI Focused Three UFO photos Netal, South Africa July 17, 1956, UAP Sighting News. Video.
AI Focused Three UFO photos Netal, South Africa July 17, 1956, UAP Sighting News. Video.
Date of sighting: July 17, 1956 Location of sighting: Netal, South Africa
Guys this is awesome, all three of these photo from 1956 sharpen up with ai into a perfectly focused set of photos. It's just mind boggling how ai fixes the photos, not by adding what isn't there but by reading the pixelization and accurately recreating the real scene. This is 100% proof that eyewitness Elizabeth Klarer did in fact encounter a UFO on July 17, 1956 and it's amazing!
Scott C. Waring
Report states:
Her photo series of an "extraterrestrial spaceship" (as she called it) was taken in the presence of two witnesses whom she wanted to show the site of her first contact. With them she drove through the Zulu-Land, the foothills of the mighty Drakens-Mountains, when she noticed a flash of light between the mighty thunderstorm clouds. Immediately she stopped, left the car together with her companions, in her hand the Brownie Box Camera she had brought with her. A moment later she recognized the metallic disc in the dark-clouded sky, obviously slowly approaching. Immediately, like in a reflex action, Elizabeth shot seven photos before the disc suddenly shot away. In the same moment a thunderstorm started, a shower of hail went over the field. Elizabeth Klarer confirmed the authenticity of her photos in an notarized affidavit. She stood behind her story until she died in February 1994, in the age of 83 years.
AI Focused UFO Over Green Bay, Wisconsin Jan 2007, UAP Sighting News.
AI Focused UFO Over Green Bay, Wisconsin Jan 2007,UAP Sighting News.
Date of sighting: January 2007
Location of sighting: Green Ba, Wisconsin, USA
Source:Reddit
Guys this was released back in 2007 on Reddit and as they said there...it has never been debunked, so I wanted to go over it and look at it with ai which really cleared it up. The grainy photo suddenly became crystal clear and wow, you gota see the video for more.
Waaruit is de beschaving ontstaan? Een studie heeft misschien het antwoord gevonden in Turkije: het lijkt erop dat alles begon na de inslag van een oude komeet.
Gravures op de archeologische vindplaats Göbekli Tepe
Archeologen onderzochten gravures op een Turkse vindplaats die naar schatting 7000 jaar ouder zijn dan de Grote Piramide van Gizeh. In een poging om ze te interpreteren kwamen ze tot de conclusie dat ze de inslag van een oude komeet op aarde zouden kunnen voorstellen. Concreet gaat het om de archeologische vindplaats Göbekli Tepe, waarvan experts denken dat het de oudste zonnekalender op onze planeet zou kunnen zijn. Dit 12.000 jaar oude monument is de meest gedateerde architectonische constructie gewijd aan aanbidding die ooit is ontdekt.
Op de tempelachtige omheiningen van de site zijn complexe symbolen gegraveerd. Het onderzoeksteam verklaarde dat deze naar alle waarschijnlijkheid een weergave zouden kunnen zijn van een kosmische gebeurtenis die een keerpunt vormde voor de menselijke beschaving. Als dat zo is, zou dat betekenen dat de oude mensen astronomische informatie gebruikten om een zonnekalender te maken die vergelijkbaar is met de kalender die duizenden jaren later door de Grieken werd uitgevonden.
De impact van de komeet en de lunisolaire kalender
Time and Mind
Martin Sweatman, scheikundig ingenieur aan de Universiteit van Edinburgh, Schotland, en eerste auteur van het onderzoek, zei: "Het lijkt erop dat de inwoners van Göbekli Tepe scherpe waarnemers van de hemel waren, wat te verwachten was gezien het feit dat hun wereld was verwoest door de inslag van een komeet."
Na een dergelijke gebeurtenis lijkt het erop dat de Ouden gegraveerde V-vormige symbolen gebruikten om de individuele dagen op hun kalender aan te geven: door het tellen van de gravures identificeerden de onderzoekers 365 dagen op een van de pilaren, verdeeld in twaalf maanmaanden en 11 extra dagen. Sommige vogelachtige figuren hebben een V op hun nek en zouden volgens de auteurs godheden kunnen voorstellen. Als de interpretaties kloppen, zou dit monument de oudste lunisolaire kalender worden die ooit is ontdekt.
Een komeet begon de beschaving 13.000 jaar geleden
Time and Mind
Maar wat weten we over de hemelse gebeurtenis die dit alles heeft veroorzaakt? Onderzoekers geloven dat het prehistorische monument is opgericht ter ere van de dag waarop fragmenten van een komeet 13.000 jaar geleden op de aarde neerstortten. In feite lijkt een van de pijlers van de site de meteorieten van de Tauriden af te beelden, waarvan de stroom de regen van fragmenten zou hebben veroorzaakt die 27 dagen duurde.
Zo'n inslag rond 10.850 voor Christus zou een kleine ijstijd kunnen hebben ingeluid over een periode van meer dan 1.200 jaar, wat zou hebben geleid tot het uitsterven van verschillende diersoorten. Paradoxaal genoeg maakte de komeet “ruimte” voor het ontstaan van een beschaving in de Vruchtbare Halve Maan in het Midden-Oosten, die de overgang markeerde van jagen en verzamelen naar landbouw. Bovendien behield het monument millennia lang een prominente rol in de cultus van de beschaving, wat mogelijk zelfs leidde tot het ontstaan van een nieuwe religie. Zoals Sweatman uitlegde, kan de inslag van de komeet “de beschaving hebben aangewakkerd, een nieuwe religie hebben doen ontstaan en de ontwikkeling van de landbouw hebben gestimuleerd om het koude klimaat het hoofd te kunnen bieden. Het is aannemelijk dat de pogingen van de Ouden om vast te leggen wat ze zagen, de eerste stappen waren in de richting van de ontwikkeling van het schrift duizenden jaren later."
Volgens een onderzoek is het leven op onze planeet mogelijk ontstaan door een precies atmosferisch fenomeen: bliksem. Dit is hoe.
Oorsprong van het leven op aarde, het grootste mysterie voor de wetenschap
Hoe is het leven op aarde ontstaan en wat heeft het veroorzaakt? Het is een van de grootste vragen van de wetenschap, maar een nieuwe studie heeft misschien het antwoord gevonden. Volgens wetenschappers van Harvard heeft de bliksem die onze oerplaneet tussen de wolken trof mogelijk de elementen gegenereerd die noodzakelijk zijn voor het leven.
De wetenschap heeft zich altijd afgevraagd wat de oorsprong van het leven op aarde is en dit nieuwe onderzoek lijkt steeds dichter bij het antwoord te komen. Een eeuwenoude bliksemschicht kan de oorzaak zijn geweest, waaruit ieder levend wezen is ontstaan. Om het mysterie op te lossen, moeten we beginnen bij de basis: hoe zijn stikstof en koolstof ontstaan en wanneer verschenen ze in onze wereld? Er zijn in dit opzicht drie mogelijke hypothesen: ze werden getransporteerd door kometen en hemellichamen die op de aarde vielen, door onderwaterbronnen of door de bliksem die ons oppervlak trof.
Miller-Urey-experiment over de oorsprong van leven veroorzaakt door bliksem over de oorsprong van bliksem leven
Freepik
Volgens het team van deskundige scheikundigen van de universiteit van Harvard ligt het antwoord precies in de bliksem: nadat ze de wolken en de aarde hadden geraakt, hebben ze mogelijk “hoge concentraties reactieve moleculen op lokaal niveau geproduceerd, waardoor er verschillende grondstoffen zijn ontstaan voor de opkomst en overleving van primitief leven wereldwijd.”
Dit is niet de eerste studie die deze theorie probeert aan te tonen: zelfs Harold Urey, de Amerikaanse Nobelprijswinnaar voor de scheikunde, volgde samen met zijn student Stanley Miller in 1953 hetzelfde experimentele pad. Destijds creëerden ze een elektrische boog om deze theorie na te bootsen. de bliksem, waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van een combinatie van ammoniak, methaan, waterstof en water, elementen waarvan men denkt dat ze de atmosfeer van onze jonge planeet vormen. Het resultaat was de productie van aminozuren, essentieel voor het voortbrengen van leven. Tegenwoordig geloven wetenschappers dat de oorspronkelijke atmosfeer uit stikstof en kooldioxide zou kunnen bestaan: op basis hiervan voerde het team van Harvard een nieuw experiment uit, waarbij dat van Urey en Miller werd bijgewerkt.
Heeft de bliksem leven teweeggebracht? Het nieuwe experiment
Door in het laboratorium een simulatie van blikseminslagen tussen de wolken en de aarde na te bootsen, binnenin een primordiale biosfeer, observeerden de wetenschappers de chemische reacties van deze atmosferische gebeurtenissen: het resultaat toonde een significante reductie van kooldioxide tot koolmonoxide en mierenzuur, terwijl stikstof werd omgezet in ammonium, nitriet en nitraat.
Uiteindelijk lijkt de bliksem de belangrijkste elementen voor de vorming van leven te hebben geproduceerd. Hoewel ze het leven niet direct creëerden, kunnen ze wel de voorwaarden hebben gecreëerd voor de ontwikkeling ervan. Als de atmosfeer van de jonge aarde inderdaad bestond uit niet-reactieve stikstofmoleculen, dan was de bliksem datgene wat ontbrak om de aanzet te geven tot de vorming van zaken die essentieel zijn voor het leven, zoals eiwitten en DNA. De zekerheid over wat er miljarden jaren geleden gebeurde, zal er echter misschien nooit komen.
The Ultimate Space Program Cover-Up: Unveiling Cold War UFO Secrets
The Ultimate Space Program Cover-Up: Unveiling Cold War UFO Secrets
The history of the Cold War is filled with intrigue, secrets, and a relentless quest for technological superiority. Amid this backdrop, new revelations suggest that the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union was not merely a competition to reach the stars, but also a smokescreen for one of the most extraordinary cover-ups in history: the existence of extraterrestrial beings and their advanced technology.
The Space Race: A Hidden Agenda?
During the Cold War, the rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union extended far beyond Earth’s atmosphere. The race to space, marked by milestones such as the launch of Sputnik and the Apollo moon landing, was more than just a demonstration of technological and ideological superiority. Declassified documents from the era hint at a darker, more secretive purpose: the exchange of intelligence on unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and their occupants.
The UFO phenomena became a significant concern for both superpowers. Reports of sightings and encounters were not just relegated to the fringes of society but were taken seriously by military and intelligence agencies. One of the most chilling accounts comes from a 1989 incident in Siberia, where a UFO allegedly retaliated after being shot down, resulting in the petrification of 23 Soviet soldiers. These soldiers were reportedly turned into a limestone-like substance, an event that remains unexplained and terrifying in its implications.
Operation Paperclip and the Cold War Tensions
The foundation for this clandestine competition can be traced back to the aftermath of World War II. With the collapse of Nazi Germany, both the United States and the Soviet Union scrambled to capture German scientists, engineers, and technological innovations. This effort was formalized in the U.S. through Operation Paperclip, which brought former Nazi experts to America, where they played pivotal roles in the development of the space program and military technology, including what would become NASA.
The Soviet Union, not to be outdone, initiated its own secret operation, absorbing thousands of German specialists to bolster its own technological capabilities. This transfer of knowledge and expertise fueled the Cold War arms race, including the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles and other advanced weaponry. But beyond the conventional arms race, there was an underlying competition to harness extraterrestrial technology, with both sides hoping to gain an insurmountable edge.
UFOs Over Washington and the Eisenhower Incident
The 1950s and 60s were a period of intense UFO activity. In 1952, a series of UFO sightings over Washington, D.C., caused widespread alarm. Radar operators detected unidentified objects that defied conventional explanations, and witnesses, including military personnel, reported strange lights and crafts maneuvering in ways that no known aircraft could replicate. The U.S. Air Force launched an investigation, ultimately attributing the sightings to weather phenomena, though many remain unconvinced by this explanation.
One of the most persistent rumors from this period involves President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Allegedly, Eisenhower had multiple secret meetings with extraterrestrials, facilitated by telepathic communication, at various military bases across the United States. While official documentation supporting these claims is non-existent, the story has been kept alive by testimonies from individuals who claim to have been involved or who heard about the meetings firsthand.
The Kingman Incident and the Alien Treaty
Further fueling the narrative of alien collaboration is the Kingman, Arizona incident of 1953. Reports from the time suggest that multiple UFOs crashed in the desert, with at least one intact craft recovered by the military. Eyewitness accounts describe the presence of alien bodies, some alive, at the crash site. Speculation abounds that this event was part of a larger exchange between the U.S. government and extraterrestrial beings, possibly involving the transfer of technology in return for certain concessions.
It is in this context that the so-called “Eisenhower Alien Treaty” is often discussed. According to some theories, Eisenhower, facing the growing threat of the Soviet Union and the need for technological superiority, entered into a secret agreement with these extraterrestrial visitors. This treaty allegedly granted the U.S. access to advanced alien technology, which would be critical in the ongoing Cold War.
President Kennedy and the Cover-Up
John F. Kennedy’s presidency, marked by its ambitious goals for space exploration, also intersects with this narrative. After a crucial meeting with Eisenhower in 1961, it is rumored that Kennedy was briefed on the alien treaty and the extent of the U.S. government’s interactions with extraterrestrials. Some believe that Kennedy shared details of these revelations with close confidante Marilyn Monroe, contributing to the many conspiracy theories surrounding their untimely deaths.
Kennedy’s vision for space exploration was not just about beating the Soviets to the moon; it was also about demonstrating American leadership in what was perceived as the next frontier of human achievement. However, if these theories hold any truth, Kennedy’s push for the Apollo program may have been motivated by more than just national pride—it could have been part of a broader strategy to integrate and deploy alien technology.
VIDEO:
DECLASSIFIED – THE SPACE PROGRAM ULTIMATE COVER-UP | Aliens Uncovered | Full SCI-FI Documentary HD
While much of this remains in the realm of speculation and conspiracy, the declassified documents and testimonies suggest that there may be more to the story of the space race than what is taught in history books. The possibility that the Cold War space race was a cover for deeper, more secretive interactions with extraterrestrial beings adds a fascinating layer to our understanding of this period.
As researchers and enthusiasts continue to investigate these claims, the truth behind the ultimate cover-up—if it exists—remains one of the most tantalizing mysteries of our time. Whether or not we will ever uncover definitive proof of these allegations, the story of the space race and its possible connections to alien technology will continue to captivate and intrigue generations to come.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.