Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
21-01-2019
South African Fossils Confirmed to Be a Human ‘Missing Link’
South African Fossils Confirmed to Be a Human ‘Missing Link’
“The anatomies we are seeing in Australopithecus sediba are forcing us to reassess the pathway by which we became human.”
In 2008, two partial skeletons were discovered at the fossil site of Malapa in South Africa – the site better known as the Cradle of Humankind for containing a large number of some of the oldest hominin fossils ever found. After ten years of careful study, a new report announces that not only are the two skeletons of the same hominin species, that species is highly likely to be the proverbial ‘missing link’ – the transitional species that became the first humans. If it’s true, that transition occurred much later in history than previously thought.
“The first fossil of Au. Sediba was discovered by Matthew Berger, then a nine-year-old, who happened to stop and examine the rock he tripped over while following his dog Tau away from the Malapa pit.”
The study, published in a special edition of Paleoanthropology, begins with the accidental discovery of the remains that would make a great opening scene for the movie. After that, anthropologists and co-authors Scott Williams, Jeremy DeSilva and Darryl De Ruiter dig into what Berger and his dog dug up – partial skeletons that are far more complete than ‘Lucy’, the 3.2 million-year-old Australopithecus afarensis skeleton discovered in Ethiopia in 1974.
A depiction of how Lucy might have looked.
After dating them to between 1.95 and 1.78 million years ago, the researchers studied their most missing-linkish traits – hands and feet that clearly indicated Australopithecus (which means “southern ape”) sediba were very adept tree climbers. Along with short foot bones not suitable for walking and a small brain, these showed Au. sediba was similar to Lucy. However, their hands had long opposable thumbs suitable for using tools and their teeth showed a more advanced diet than little Lucy consumed. Those traits put them closer to Homo habilis(“handy man”), the prehistoric, walking tool-user discovered in Tanzania who lived between 2.1 and 1.5 million years ago.
A depiction of how Homo habilis might have looked.
“Our findings challenge a traditional, linear view of evolution. It was once thought that a fossil species a million years younger than Lucy would surely look more human-like. For some anatomies of Australopithecus sediba, like the knee, that is true. But, for others, like the foot, it is not. Instead, what we’re witnessing here are parallel lineages, illustrating how different hominin experiments were unfolding early in our complex evolutionary history.”
Is the missing link no longer missing? This extensive study – nine papers by leading anthropologists, each one focusing on a single body part of Au. sediba – seems to indicate that, while this is definitely a ‘found’ missing link, there are more yet to be discovered. Like its name, the theory of evolution is destined to keep evolving.
One more thing. The origin story of the Au. sediba mentions the name of the boy AND his pet dog. Isn’t it time we make our ground-sniffing, bone-digging canine assistants honorary anthropologists?
Mysterious Sphere emits beam of light towards the ground in Edmond, Oklahoma
Mysterious Sphere emits beam of light towards the ground in Edmond, Oklahoma
On January 15, 2019 the witness was driving on the highway near Edmond, Oklahoma when he saw a large sphere that appeared above the tree line near power lines and it was beaming something down.
The eerie light was so bright he could not see the object but it had a bluefish white beam emitting towards the ground as though it was beaming something down or collecting something.
Despite he was moving fast he was able take three images with his iPhone Gs which he has submitted to Mufon for further investigation.
Since the incident is very mysterious, we can only guess what the object might be that the driver has photographed.
By Deborah Byrd in ASTRONOMY ESSENTIALS | TODAY'S IMAGE
It was the last total eclipse of the moon until May, 2021. The EarthSky community captured it. A selection of images here. See more at EarthSky Community Photos!
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Karl Diefenderfer in Quakertown, Pennsylvania caught the eclipse at 12:22 a.m. on January 21, 2019. He wrote: “It’s an extra special treat of a lunar eclipse to be able to capture stars around a full moon. It was so worth braving subzero windchills.”
View larger at EarthSky Community Photos. | Lunar eclipse from Weatherly, Pennsylvania on January 21, 2019 at 12:05 a.m. from Tom Wildoner. Sky-Watcher Esprit 120mm ED, Canon 6D, single 10 second exposure, unguided
Crop circles step aside! A giant ice disk has been found on the Presumpscot River in Maine. The fascinating phenomenon is attracting thousands of onlookers, including ducks.
The giant ice disk on Presumpscot River in Westbrook, Maine.
Image via Tina Radel/City of Westbrook.
You have probably heard of crop circles, but did you know there areice circlestoo? Every so often, ice circles – or actually ice disks – are reported. They seem quite bizarre, although they are known to form naturally – no aliens needed.
Now, a new one has been found on the Presumpscot River in Westbrook, Maine. The “spinning” (actually slowly rotating) disk is huge – about 300 feet (100 meters) in size – making it one of the largest, if not the largest, one on record. The phenomenon was first reported on January 16 and has attracted thousands of onlookers. As one witness exclaimed:
It’s the moon in the river. Pretty cool!
According to city councilor Gary Rairdon:
I have not seen anything like this. I’ve lived probably 52 years of my life in Westbrook. It’s almost like Mother Nature’s merry-go-round.
A closer view of the giant ice disk on Presumpscot River in Westbrook, Maine.
Image via Tina Radel/City of Westbrook.
Below is a time-lapse video showing the rotation of the ice disk (via Doug Bertlesman):
The first photos of the ice disk were taken by a drone and now have attracted world-wide interest and curiosity. The rough surface of the disk does sort of make it look like the moon, as an aesthetic bonus.
It’s a beautiful, spectacular thing. It’s just a beautiful aesthetic phenomenon. It’s not unprecedented, but it does seem to be unusually large. There was a modest crowd and a steady flux of people coming and going, taking pictures and just enjoying the whole thing. It had a nice community feel to it.
But how did this ice disk – and others like it – form?
It’s actually a rather well-known natural phenomenon, usually found in spots where there is a circular current in a river or stream that creates a whirlpool effect. Random eddies in water tend to follow a circular route. In winter, ice crystals in this slower-moving water can gradually coalesce to form a circular “mat” of ice. The current keeps the ice disk in place as it slowly rotates. As the disk turns, it bumps up against the shoreline or other chunks of ice and is essentially “lathed down” until it is round. The result is an ice disk that can be surprisingly circular and smooth-edged.
As Ryan Breton, a meteorologist at News Center in Maine, added:
The river has different depths. On the right side where there isn’t any ice it’s a faster current. On the left side, where the ice started to form it’s a little shallower, and that ice started to form into a circle that completely changed around the current of the entire river.
Illustration of a historical account of an ice disk – on the Mianus River near Bedford, N.Y. in 1895. Image via Scientific American.
The ice disk has even become popular with the local ducks, said Rob Mitchell, who owns a nearby office building:
There were ducks sitting on it. The ducks were rotating on this big Lazy Susan. It was a big duck-go-round.
Similar ice disks have been seen before, although typically smaller than this new one in Maine. Most are usually around 30 feet or so in diameter, as compared to this 300-foot monster. There is even an article in an 1895 Scientific American that quotes a reader who described “a revolving ice cake” on the Mianus River near Bedford, N.Y.
Bottom line: The Maine ice disk is an exquisite example of how nature can produce phenomena that at first glance almost seem other-worldly – and can leave the imagination spinning.
US Government Releases Details On Top Secret UFO Investigation Project
US Government Releases Details On Top Secret UFO Investigation Project
In response to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request by Steven Aftergood, director of the Federation of American Scientists’ Project onGovernmentSecrecy, the Defence Intelligence Agency released a list of 38 research titles they have been investigating and pursuing. Among others, The Department of Defense was found to have been funding research on wormholes, invisibility cloaking, and “the manipulation of extra dimensions” under its shadowy Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, which was first described in 2017 by the New York Times and the Washington Post.
What exactly are these strange titles?
Eric W. Davis of EarthTech led a research topic entitled “Traversable Wormholes, Stargates, and Negative Energy, ” which was described as a facility that explored the forefront reaches of science and engineering, with an interest in theories of spacetime, studies of the quantum vacuum, and also the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
A second project on the list named “Invisibility Cloaking” which was led by a German scientist called Ulf Leonhardt, who is a professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. Leonhardt’s research is concerned with the science surrounding theoretical quantum optics, and in 2006 his work on theoretically creating an invisible hole in space, inside which objects can be hidden was cited by Nature, giving some more exposure of his work.
Another strange title, “Warp Drive, Dark Energy, and the Manipulation of Extra Dimensions, ” was attributed to a theoretical physicist called Richard Obousy, who is the director of the nonprofit Icarus Interstellar, which claims to be “researching technologies that will enable breakthroughs in interstellar travel.” In 2009, Obousy was credited by Gizmodo for creating a warship design that was both scientifically accurate and also one that could hypothetically be propelled through space by manipulating dark energy.
When did the public discover this organization?
Luis Elizondo, who was a military intelligence official that managed the operation for almost seven years, gave the first hints about the program’s existence. When Elizondo resigned, he claimed there was footage of UFO’s coming into contact with fighter jets and he requested that these extraterrestrial encounters be made public. The videos were subsequently published by the New York Times and the Washington Post. At the time, Reid sought to tighten security around the program’s discoveries. Eventually, though, that didn't matter due to this release of all the new information.
The agency claims the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program was shut down due to a lack of funding, although Elizondo said it continued to investigate UFO sightings, so there are mixed reports.
The Future
It is unclear what will happen with the organization and its funding now that all its research objectives have been revealed. There is a real possibility it will continue as there is still so much to learn from outer space and time itself. There is also the possibility it will shut down or be moved without it being public knowledge. If the US government has been hiding this for such a long time, it really begs the question - what else have they been hiding?
Fascinating: These 7 predictions by sci-fi authors have really come true
Fascinating: These 7 predictions by sci-fi authors have really come true
Science fiction has inspired people for centuries. However curious their authors' view of the distant future may be, their fantastic visions often come true.
Whether Jules Verne, Aldous Huxley, Gene Roddenberry or George Lucas - they all have one thing in common: they open up a glimpse of the technology of the future that has already become reality or is at least about to become so.
#1 The moon landing
104 years before the first man would set foot on the moon, Jules Verne published his idea of landing on the moon. The novel "From Earth to Moon" from 1865 is about three Americans who take off with a spaceship into space and land on the moon.
#2 The communicator from "Star Trek"
In 1966, the famous communication device from Star Trek was presented to the public for the first time. What seemed revolutionary at the time is now reminiscent of a folding mobile phone.
Although engineers were already working on mobile phone technology in the 1960s, it took Motorola until 1973 to present the world's first mobile phone.
Ten years later, in 1983, the then heavy, large and expensive devices came onto the market. However, the world had to wait another six years for the really first clamshell mobile phone. The device, which was then released, came very close to the Star Trek communicator.
#3 The Iron Man Suit
Ever since it first appeared in the Iron Man comics, Tony Stark's suit has been a legend. Although nobody will be flying around in such high-tech wonders in the near future, the US military is working under the name "Talos" on a technology that combines some of the features of the Iron Man suit.
In addition, there are hobby craftsmen like Richard Browning, who has made his very own flight suit in the style of Iron Man.
#4 Electrically powered submarines
Jules Verne, the second: In his novel "20,000 Miles Under the Sea" from 1870, the Sci Fi author impressively describes a submarine that is completely powered by electricity. At that time, however, such monsters functioned exclusively mechanically.
An MIT historian decades later confirmed to National Geographic that Verne's fictional submarine "Nautilus" would hardly differ from today's watercraft.
#5 Bluetooth headset
In "Fahrenehit 451" of 1953, Sci-Fi writer Ray Bradbury wrote about "shells" and "thimble-sized radios" that are very similar to today's Bluetooth headphones. Today Apple AirPods are used by millions of people every day.
According to Bradbury, his devices "created an electronic ocean of sounds, music, and conversation that washed away on the beach of your waking consciousness.
#6 The atomic bomb
H.G. Wells, author of "The Liberated World", visioned in 1914 in his novel of a grenade made of uranium that "exploded indefinitely". Three decades later, these bombs were dropped on Japan and cost the lives of countless people.
Wells himself described a drop from an airplane, as was the case during the Second World War. Nevertheless, experts say that the author's invented atomic bombs differed significantly from their very real counterparts. They exploded continuously for several days, weeks or months.
#7 Driving robot cars
Cars with "robot brains" said Isaac Asimov, father of the robot laws, already in 1964 before, after he had visited the world exhibition at that time.
More than 50 years later, companies such as Waymo, Tesla, Apple, and others are trying to create autonomous vehicles that do without the driver's help. Many of them want to bring their vehicles onto the roads by 2030.
Conclusion: Science fiction is real
It is a fascinating thought that people can think up technological developments that will become reality decades later. However, we do not know to what extent this has influenced subsequent generations and has led to the implementation of certain concepts.
Oumuamua : l'objet interstellaire est-il un vaisseau extraterrestre?
Oumuamua :l'objet interstellaire est-il un vaisseau extraterrestre?
Oumuamua, dont le nom hawaïen signifie « messager venu de loin et arrivé le premier » , n'a pas fini de faire parler de lui. D'abord pris pour une comète venue d'une autre étoile, puis pour un astéroïde, l'hypothèse de la comète est de nouveau privilégiée. Cependant, l'objet interstellaire n'a pas le comportement d'une comète venant de dégazer. Dans ce cas, si ce n'est ni un astéroïde, ni une comète, qu'est-ce que c'est ? 'Oumuamua est-il le messager d'une autre étoile ?
Quelques semaines après la découverte de 'Oumuamua, une première salve d'observations suggérait que le premier objet interstellaire jamais détecté dans notre Système solaire était un astéroïde de forme inhabituelle, plus long que large (entre 6 et 10 fois), un peu comme un cigare. Un objet cylindrique venu d'une autre étoile... ? Mais, ne serait-ce pas Rama, le vaisseau spatial décrit dans le roman de science-fiction Rendez-vous avec Rama, d'Arthur C. Clarke. Pour tenter de le savoir, des chercheurs ont donc mis 1I/2017 U1 « sur écoute », voici un an, à l'affut d'éventuelles émissions radio qui proviendraient de l'intérieur... Mais cela n'a rien donné, l'objet était silencieux.
Alors, exit l'hypothèse d'un vaisseau (ou d'une sonde) venu d'ailleurs ? Non, une nouvelle étude (consultable sur arXiv) relance le débat quant à la vraie nature de ‘Oumuamua. S'agit-il d'un objet naturel expulsé d'un autre système planétaire ou d'un artefact envoyé par une civilisation extraterrestre pour découvrir s'il y a de la vie ailleurs dans la galaxie ? Les deux auteurs n'excluent pas cette possibilité.
L’énigme de l’excès d’accélération de ‘Oumuamma
Dans leur article, les deux astrophysiciens du Harvard Center for Astrophysics, Shmuel Bialy et Abraham Loeb, n'affirment pas que 'Oumuamua est un vaisseau spatial mais ils posent la question (d'ailleurs, le titre de leur article est : La pression de rayonnement solaire peut-elle expliquer l'accélération particulière de 'Oumuamua ?). Tous deux restent très intrigués par « l'excès d'accélération » de l'objet observé lors de sa traversée de notre Système solaire.
Mais avant de continuer, un rapide rappel des faits s'impose : 1I/2017 U1 est passé au plus près de notre étoile, le 9 septembre (à 0,25 UA, soit un quart de la distance Terre-Soleil). Le 14 octobre, il était au plus proche de la Terre (0,15 UA)... Et ce n'est que cinq jours plus tard, le 19 octobre, que Robert Weryk et son équipe l'ont découvert sur les relevés du télescope Pan-STARRS-1, installé sur le volcan Haleakalā, à Hawaii. Quelle émotion ce fut pour l'équipe de mettre la main sur le premier objet de ce type ; en effet, les astronomes attendaient ce moment depuis des décennies... Et voici qu'enfin, sous leurs yeux, venant de la direction de la Lyre, quelque chose qui ressemble à une comète ou un astéroïde venu d'ailleurs fait son apparition.
Revenons à cette accélération. Pourquoi se comporte-t-il ainsi, faisant fi surtout des interactions gravitationnelles avec le Soleil et les planètes, contrairement à ce que s'attendaient à observer les astronomes. Dans une étude publiée au début de l'été 2018, l'explication était que cela était dû à un léger dégazage. Finalement, l'énigmatique ‘Oumuamua serait une comète et non un astéroïde. Mais une comète atypique car les recherches n'ont révélé aucune trace d'une queue cométaire (c'est d'ailleurs pour cette raison qu'après sa découverte, il fut postulé que c'est un astéroïde). Ce serait une comète sans glace (ou presque). Bref, un objet qui n'est pas sans rappeler Phaéton ou encore 9969 Braille. Fin de l'histoire ? Pas tout à fait.
« Si 'Oumuamua était en fait une comète, pourquoi alors n'a-t-il pas eu tendance à dégazer quand il était au plus près de notre soleil ?, interrogent Shmuel Bialy et Abraham Loeb qui ne veulent pas en rester là. Or, 'Oumuamua ne montre aucun signe d'activité cométaire, pas de queue de comète, ni aucune émission de gaz ou ligne d'absorption. Et si le dégazage était responsable de l'accélération, alors les couples associés auraient entraîné une évolution rapide de la rotation de 'Oumuamua », pointent-ils. Mais rien de semblable n'a été observé. Pour comprendre ce qu'il s'est passé, les deux astrophysiciens ont donc procédé à des modélisations.
‘Oumuamua est-il un objet naturel ou artificiel ?
Selon leurs calculs, 'Oumuamua aurait bénéficié d'un effet de « voile solaire ». « Nous expliquons l'excès d'accélération de 'Oumuamua loin du soleil comme étant le résultat de la force que la lumière du soleil exerce sur sa surface. Pour que cette force puisse expliquer l'excès d'accélération mesuré, l'objet doit être extrêmement fin, de l'ordre d'une fraction de millimètre, et de plusieurs dizaines de mètres en surface. Cela rend l'objet léger pour sa surface et lui permet d'agir comme une voile légère » écrivent-ils. Et si tel était le cas, ils indiquent que l'objet interstellaire pourrait survivre à un long périple dans la galaxie, sans trop de dommages, sur une distance de l'ordre de quelque 16.000 années-lumière.
Alors, qui est vraiment 'Oumuamua ? Pour les chercheurs, quand bien même l'objet interstellaire ne serait pas un vaisseau extraterrestre qui explore les étoiles et leurs planètes dans une partie de la galaxie, l'humanité devrait s'intéresser à la recherche de débris - ou épaves - de sondes extraterrestres. Après tout, de telles missions pourraient exister et d'ailleurs, plusieurs Terriens songent à en envoyer, à commencer vers notre plus proche voisine, Proxima b. Justement, en plus d'être titulaire de la chaire d'astronomie à Harvard, Abraham Loeb est le président du Conseil consultatif du projet de voile solaire de Breakthrough Starshot.
Le moins que l'on puisse dire est que depuis sa sortie, l'article déposé sur arXiv (et en attente de publication) suscite énormément de réactions et d'attaques. Pourtant, Avi Loeb et Shmuel Bialy n'affirment pas que c'est un vaisseau extraterrestre mais veulent montrer, par cet exercice, qu'après tout l'hypothèse d'une sonde équipée de voiles solaires est possible. Pour eux, le comportement d''Oumuamua s'explique bien dans le cas d'un objet très fin et de grande surface, arguent-ils.
Mais l'étude ne convainc pas tous leurs pairs. Seth Shostak (Seti), par exemple, a déclaré à NBC en réponse à leur article qu'« on ne devrait pas accepter aveuglément cette hypothèse habile quand il y a également une explication banale pour 'Oumuamua, à savoir que c'est une comète ou un astéroïde lointain ».
De son côté, Alan Fitzsimmons, de la Queens University, a indiqué à l'AFP que « comme beaucoup de chercheurs, j'aimerais beaucoup qu'il existe une preuve irréfutable de vie extraterrestre, mais ce n'est pas le cas. Il a déjà été démontré que les caractéristiques observées de l'objet sont cohérentes avec celles d'un corps similaire à une comète éjectée d'un autre système stellaire, ajoutant que certains arguments de leur étude se fondent sur des chiffres qui contiennent beaucoup d'incertitude ».
Sur Twitter, Katie Mack, de l'université de la Caroline du Nord, écrit : « Il faut bien comprendre que pour les scientifiques, l'idée la plus folle est toujours publiable, du moment qu'il existe une chance infime qu'elle ne soit pas fausse. Même les auteurs n'y croient probablement pas eux-mêmes ». Ce à quoi a répondu Shmuel Bialy : « Je ne dirais pas que je "crois" qu'il ait été envoyé par des extraterrestres. Car je suis un scientifique, pas un croyant. Je me fonde sur des preuves afin de trouver des explications physiques possibles à des phénomènes observés ».
Bref, tout le monde n'est pas d'accord. Découvrir d'autres astéroïdes ou comètes interstellaires pourra en tout cas nous éclairer. Ils devraient être des millions et pour l'instant, un seul a été observé. Alors, y a-t-il d'autres 'Oumuamua dans le Système solaire ? Et existe-t-il des vaisseaux à la dérive qui appartenaient à des civilisations extraterrestres ? Les télescopes sont à l'affut.
Ce qu'il faut retenir
Deux astrophysiciens de Harvard relancent le débat sur la nature de 1I/2017 U1 ‘Oumuamua. Selon leurs modélisations, l'accélération observée de l'objet interstellaire lors de sa traversée du Système solaire pourrait être liée à une voile solaire. L'étude suscite beaucoup de réactions et d'interrogations 'Oumuamua, dont le nom hawaïen signifie « messager venu de loin et arrivé le premier » , n'a pas fini de faire parler de lui. D'abord pris pour une comète venue d'une autre étoile, puis pour un astéroïde, l'hypothèse de la comète est de nouveau privilégiée. Cependant, l'objet interstellaire n'a pas le comportement d'une comète venant de dégazer. Dans ce cas, si ce n'est ni un astéroïde, ni une comète, qu'est-ce que c'est ? 'Oumuamua est-il le messager d'une autre étoile ?
Quelques semaines après la découverte de 'Oumuamua, une première salve d'observations suggérait que le premier objet interstellaire jamais détecté dans notre Système solaire était un astéroïde de forme inhabituelle, plus long que large (entre 6 et 10 fois), un peu comme un cigare. Un objet cylindrique venu d'une autre étoile... ? Mais, ne serait-ce pas Rama, le vaisseau spatial décrit dans le roman de science-fiction Rendez-vous avec Rama, d'Arthur C. Clarke. Pour tenter de le savoir, des chercheurs ont donc mis 1I/2017 U1 « sur écoute », voici un an, à l'affut d'éventuelles émissions radio qui proviendraient de l'intérieur... Mais cela n'a rien donné, l'objet était silencieux.
Alors, exit l'hypothèse d'un vaisseau (ou d'une sonde) venu d'ailleurs ? Non, une nouvelle étude (consultable sur arXiv) relance le débat quant à la vraie nature de ‘Oumuamua. S'agit-il d'un objet naturel expulsé d'un autre système planétaire ou d'un artefact envoyé par une civilisation extraterrestre pour découvrir s'il y a de la vie ailleurs dans la galaxie ? Les deux auteurs n'excluent pas cette possibilité.
L’énigme de l’excès d’accélération de ‘Oumuamma
Dans leur article, les deux astrophysiciens du Harvard Center for Astrophysics, Shmuel Bialy et Abraham Loeb, n'affirment pas que 'Oumuamua est un vaisseau spatial mais ils posent la question (d'ailleurs, le titre de leur article est : La pression de rayonnement solaire peut-elle expliquer l'accélération particulière de 'Oumuamua ?). Tous deux restent très intrigués par « l'excès d'accélération » de l'objet observé lors de sa traversée de notre Système solaire.
Mais avant de continuer, un rapide rappel des faits s'impose : 1I/2017 U1 est passé au plus près de notre étoile, le 9 septembre (à 0,25 UA, soit un quart de la distance Terre-Soleil). Le 14 octobre, il était au plus proche de la Terre (0,15 UA)... Et ce n'est que cinq jours plus tard, le 19 octobre, que Robert Weryk et son équipe l'ont découvert sur les relevés du télescope Pan-STARRS-1, installé sur le volcan Haleakalā, à Hawaii. Quelle émotion ce fut pour l'équipe de mettre la main sur le premier objet de ce type ; en effet, les astronomes attendaient ce moment depuis des décennies... Et voici qu'enfin, sous leurs yeux, venant de la direction de la Lyre, quelque chose qui ressemble à une comète ou un astéroïde venu d'ailleurs fait son apparition.
Revenons à cette accélération. Pourquoi se comporte-t-il ainsi, faisant fi surtout des interactions gravitationnelles avec le Soleil et les planètes, contrairement à ce que s'attendaient à observer les astronomes. Dans une étude publiée au début de l'été 2018, l'explication était que cela était dû à un léger dégazage. Finalement, l'énigmatique ‘Oumuamua serait une comète et non un astéroïde. Mais une comète atypique car les recherches n'ont révélé aucune trace d'une queue cométaire (c'est d'ailleurs pour cette raison qu'après sa découverte, il fut postulé que c'est un astéroïde). Ce serait une comète sans glace (ou presque). Bref, un objet qui n'est pas sans rappeler Phaéton ou encore 9969 Braille. Fin de l'histoire ? Pas tout à fait.
« Si 'Oumuamua était en fait une comète, pourquoi alors n'a-t-il pas eu tendance à dégazer quand il était au plus près de notre soleil ?, interrogent Shmuel Bialy et Abraham Loeb qui ne veulent pas en rester là. Or, 'Oumuamua ne montre aucun signe d'activité cométaire, pas de queue de comète, ni aucune émission de gaz ou ligne d'absorption. Et si le dégazage était responsable de l'accélération, alors les couples associés auraient entraîné une évolution rapide de la rotation de 'Oumuamua », pointent-ils. Mais rien de semblable n'a été observé. Pour comprendre ce qu'il s'est passé, les deux astrophysiciens ont donc procédé à des modélisations.
‘Oumuamua est-il un objet naturel ou artificiel ?
Selon leurs calculs, 'Oumuamua aurait bénéficié d'un effet de « voile solaire ». « Nous expliquons l'excès d'accélération de 'Oumuamua loin du soleil comme étant le résultat de la force que la lumière du soleil exerce sur sa surface. Pour que cette force puisse expliquer l'excès d'accélération mesuré, l'objet doit être extrêmement fin, de l'ordre d'une fraction de millimètre, et de plusieurs dizaines de mètres en surface. Cela rend l'objet léger pour sa surface et lui permet d'agir comme une voile légère » écrivent-ils. Et si tel était le cas, ils indiquent que l'objet interstellaire pourrait survivre à un long périple dans la galaxie, sans trop de dommages, sur une distance de l'ordre de quelque 16.000 années-lumière.
Alors, qui est vraiment 'Oumuamua ? Pour les chercheurs, quand bien même l'objet interstellaire ne serait pas un vaisseau extraterrestre qui explore les étoiles et leurs planètes dans une partie de la galaxie, l'humanité devrait s'intéresser à la recherche de débris - ou épaves - de sondes extraterrestres. Après tout, de telles missions pourraient exister et d'ailleurs, plusieurs Terriens songent à en envoyer, à commencer vers notre plus proche voisine, Proxima b. Justement, en plus d'être titulaire de la chaire d'astronomie à Harvard, Abraham Loeb est le président du Conseil consultatif du projet de voile solaire de Breakthrough Starshot.
Le moins que l'on puisse dire est que depuis sa sortie, l'article déposé sur arXiv (et en attente de publication) suscite énormément de réactions et d'attaques. Pourtant, Avi Loeb et Shmuel Bialy n'affirment pas que c'est un vaisseau extraterrestre mais veulent montrer, par cet exercice, qu'après tout l'hypothèse d'une sonde équipée de voiles solaires est possible. Pour eux, le comportement d''Oumuamua s'explique bien dans le cas d'un objet très fin et de grande surface, arguent-ils.
Mais l'étude ne convainc pas tous leurs pairs. Seth Shostak (Seti), par exemple, a déclaré à NBC en réponse à leur article qu'« on ne devrait pas accepter aveuglément cette hypothèse habile quand il y a également une explication banale pour 'Oumuamua, à savoir que c'est une comète ou un astéroïde lointain ».
De son côté, Alan Fitzsimmons, de la Queens University, a indiqué à l'AFP que « comme beaucoup de chercheurs, j'aimerais beaucoup qu'il existe une preuve irréfutable de vie extraterrestre, mais ce n'est pas le cas. Il a déjà été démontré que les caractéristiques observées de l'objet sont cohérentes avec celles d'un corps similaire à une comète éjectée d'un autre système stellaire, ajoutant que certains arguments de leur étude se fondent sur des chiffres qui contiennent beaucoup d'incertitude ».
Sur Twitter, Katie Mack, de l'université de la Caroline du Nord, écrit : « Il faut bien comprendre que pour les scientifiques, l'idée la plus folle est toujours publiable, du moment qu'il existe une chance infime qu'elle ne soit pas fausse. Même les auteurs n'y croient probablement pas eux-mêmes ». Ce à quoi a répondu Shmuel Bialy : « Je ne dirais pas que je "crois" qu'il ait été envoyé par des extraterrestres. Car je suis un scientifique, pas un croyant. Je me fonde sur des preuves afin de trouver des explications physiques possibles à des phénomènes observés ».
Bref, tout le monde n'est pas d'accord. Découvrir d'autres astéroïdes ou comètes interstellaires pourra en tout cas nous éclairer. Ils devraient être des millions et pour l'instant, un seul a été observé. Alors, y a-t-il d'autres 'Oumuamua dans le Système solaire ? Et existe-t-il des vaisseaux à la dérive qui appartenaient à des civilisations extraterrestres ? Les télescopes sont à l'affut.
Ce qu'il faut retenir
Deux astrophysiciens de Harvard relancent le débat sur la nature de 1I/2017 U1 ‘Oumuamua. Selon leurs modélisations, l'accélération observée de l'objet interstellaire lors de sa traversée du Système solaire pourrait être liée à une voile solaire. L'étude suscite beaucoup de réactions et d'interrogations
IN BEELD. Zo mooi was de totale maansverduistering - HLN.be - PART I
IN BEELD. Zo mooi was de totale maansverduistering - HLN.be - PART I
Vanochtend kon je genieten van een prachtig schouwspel aan de hemel. Er was een totale maansverduistering te zien, waardoor de maan bloedrood kleurde. Het spektakel begon rond vier uur vanochtend en was te zien tot zonsopgang.
Tijdens een maansverduistering staan de zon, de aarde en de maan op één lijn en komt de maan helemaal in de schaduw van de aarde te liggen. Het fenomeen was vanmorgen ook in België te zien – met dank aan het heldere weer - en de maan zag er bloedrood uit (vandaar ook de term ‘bloedmaan’). Dat resulteert in prachtige beelden. De maansverduistering was compleet om 6.12 uur, maar je kon er een glimp van opvangen tot iets na zonsopgang. Geniet alvast mee, want pas in 2029 kan je in ons land nog eens een totale maansverduistering zien.
Een honderdtal mensen zakte vanochtend vroeg af naar de volkssterrenwacht Mira om de totale maansverduistering te aanschouwen. Door de goede weersomstandigheden was het fenomeen goed zichtbaar, stelt woordvoerder Francis Meeus. “Ondanks het vroege uur is er met een honderdtal mensen een mooi aantal geïnteresseerden naar Mira gekomen”, aldus Meeus. Er waren ook heel wat kinderen bij. “Sommigen vertelden dat ze door de spanning helemaal niet geslapen hadden.”
Een poging gewaagd om de bloedmaan te fotograferen. Helaas heb ik ondanks dat ik al een fortuin aan apparatuur heb niet de juiste tools om de maan helemaal scherp te krijgen. Het was wel een prachtig tafereel om te zien... #bloedmaan#Delftlandenview#CanonEOS70D#nofilter
If you name your kid “Killer,” you should be prepared to accept the consequences … or at least his therapy bills (and if Killer’s a she, you need help as well). So it should come as no surprise that an asteroid named for an ancient Egyptian god of destruction, darkness and evil (apparently, in the case of asteroids, those are not redundant) is actually being predicted to cause destruction, darkness and evil. Not only that, the estimated time of arrival is a mere few decades from now. Will there be time to send a force of good, light and wholesomeness (with a nuclear warhead, of course) to stop it?
“The [asteroid’s] approach causes a significant scattering of possible trajectories, among them trajectories indicating convergence in 2051. Further orbital resonance reentries contain a great number (about one hundred) possible collisions between Apophis and the Earth, the most dangerous of them in 2068.”
While you may not be concerned about 99942 Apophis, Russian scientists are. In a new report to be presented at the 43rd Korolev Readings on Cosmonautics (an annual scientific forum dedicated to the memory of Sergei Korolev – a rocket engineer considered to be the Soviet Union’s Robert Goddard and the father of practical astronautics), researchers from St. Petersburg State University are predicting Apophis will come within 16 million km (10 million miles) of Earth in 2044, within 760,000 km (472,000 miles) in 2051, within five million km (3.1 million miles) in 2060, and within 100,000 km (62, 000 miles) in 2068. (For reference, the Moon is 385,000.6 km (239,228.3 mile) from Earth).
Apophis’ hitting the keyhole in 2029
That doesn’t sound so bad, right? It gets worse, according to Sputnik News, (interesting coincidence — Sergei Korolev worked on Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite.) Apophis is also making a very close pass by Earth in 2029 (within 37,600km (23,363 miles) and that one will determine if and when the asteroid will hit the Earth on a future (and last) trip. That’s when Apophis could pass through a tiny gravitational keyhole which would alter its trajectory enough to cause a collision on the future pass in 2036.
Yes, we’ve heard about this many times before since it was discovered in 2004 (when initial observers predicted a 2.7% chance that it would hit the in 2029. Subsequent revisions in the calculations eliminated the probability for a hit in 2029 but came up with the keyhole possibility instead. What kind of impact would this 350 meter (1,150 feet) diameter rock have? The Sentry Risk Table estimates that Apophis would make atmospheric entry with 750 megatons of kinetic energy. For comparisons, the Siberian Tunguska event in 1908 was in the 3–10 megaton range and the biggest hydrogen bomb ever exploded was around 57 megatons.
While anti-conspiracists say the odds of an Apophis hit are so low that there’s no need to even be talking about it, Russians scientists certainly are, as evidenced by the Korolev Readings presentation. And the “force of good nuke versus evil asteroid” is a real option studied by researchers at Tomsk State University in Siberia. Why are the Siberians so worried? Can asteroid strike twice in the same place? For that matter, why are the Russians? Do they know something we don’t? Or something NASA won’t tell us?
Apophis, the Egyptian god of destruction, is often depicted as a serpent
There seem to be reports monthly of asteroids that pass very close to the Earth without warning. Is it really hand-wringing or fear-mongering to worry about a real asteroid with a known schedule and a distinct possibility of hitting Earth?
Especially one named after the god of destruction?
One of the lesser known aspects of theBob Lazar controversy– a very bizarre aspect, I have to say – is that which suggests he just might have seen an alienentity at Area 51– a live one, no less. A joke? A case of mistaken identity (of what I have no idea at all)? A hoax? A strange case of someone screwing around with Lazar’s mind? The odd story gets very little publicity, but it’s as fascinating as it is downright weird. The issue of aliens – alive, dead or possibly both over at Area 51’s secret S-4 facility – first surfaced from Lazar in the early part of 1989, roughly thirty years ago. When asked about that specific matter by journalist George Knapp, Lazar quickly shot down the question in what was undeniably a very awkward fashion and he chose to change the subject. Later on though, in what was a private, rather than public, interview Lazar opened up a little bit more on the curious claims. What he had to say was brief but amazing – if it’s all true, of course. That, needless to say, is the most important aspect of the story.
According to Lazar’s memories of the strange situation he is said to have found himself in, “I walked down the hallway at one time I was working down there, and there were these doors – the doors that go to the hangar are smaller than the doors in the corridors and have a 9-inch or 12-inch square window with little wires running through it, just about head level. And as I was walking by, I just glanced in and I noticed – at a quick glance – there were two guys in white lab coats, facing me towards the door.”
Lazar then got to what is undeniably the heart of the matter: the two men were said to have been looking down at a small, humanoid figure with long arms. And seemingly talking to it, no less! As you do. Although Lazar has gone on record as saying that he only saw the entity for a second or so, he was in no doubt about what it appeared to be. I say “appeared” because Lazar himself admitted that he suspected this was all some kind of strange set-up. He said of this thought-provoking possibility: “Maybe they stuck a doll in front of these guys and made me walk by it and look at it, just to see what my reaction would be.”
Such a thing is not at all impossible, as the following brief, but notable, comment from Lazar makes clear: “They play so many mind games there [italics mine].” While enthusiastic UFO researchers may dearly want to believe that living aliens are running around and hanging out at Area 51, Lazar’s carefully worded statement suggests that we should exercise a significant amount of restraint on this issue – at least until, or if, further vindication comes along. So far, it has not – to any degree at all. George Knapp, who spent a lot of time trying to secure and figure out the whole story of Bob Lazar, made a thought-provoking statement in a 1993 paper for the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON). It may have a bearing on the issue of how certain elements of the U.S. government – such as counterintelligence and disinformation experts – might be using the UFO issue as a cover for something else, such as a dummy for an alien, we might well suggest. Knapp said in his paper, “Area 51, Bob Lazar, and Disinformation – A Reevaluation“: “Again and again, I have heard self-appointed Groom Lake experts conclude, without any reservations, that the Groom Lake aerial ballet is disinformation, pure theater, a show designed to distract attention away from earthly black projects, or as some sort of exercise in mass psychology.” It’s a paper I recommend to anyone and everyone with an interest in the Area 51 saga; you really should read it.
As all of the above demonstrates, there is a distinct possibility that a great deal of high-strangeness is afoot at Area 51; however, that does not mean UFOs and aliens (dead or alive) are necessarily within its confines. I would be extremelysurprised, and totally amazed, if they were. Maybe, someone wants us to believe that’s what’s going on, but for reasons which are not yet fully understood.
Controversial plans from a Russian firm would see adverts run across the evening sky using hundreds of tiny orbiting satellites.
The ambitious marketing project would beam down luminous slogans and logos from 300 miles (480 kilometres) above the people it is targeting.
StartRocket is a budding company hoping to use Cubesats - briefcase sized spacecrafts - in low-Earth orbit and arranging them in a particular way based on the demands of the paying customer.
They would reflect light from the sun back towards Earth's surface and therefore only be functional when light is available near Earth but not on the surface, such as at dawn and dusk.
Each satellite would have a huge reflective sail which would act as a single pixel within the display.
Not everyone is happy with the plans, however, with critics pointing out the problem of light pollution the scheme will generate.
This may even threaten astronomical research on the ground, it has been claimed.
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A Russian firm wants to to put adverts in the sky using hundreds of tiny orbiting satellites. The ambitious marketing project would beam down luminous signs and logos from space from 300 miles (480 kilometres) above the people it is targeting
StartRocket estimates the advert would measure approximately 19 square miles (50 square kilometres).
The advert would theoretically be visible for a total of six minutes at a time and exist three or four times a day.
'We are ruled by brands and events,' project leader Vlad Sitnikov told Futurism.
'The Super Bowl, Coca Cola, Brexit, the Olympics, Mercedes, FIFA, Supreme and the Mexican wall.
'The economy is the blood system of society. Entertainment and advertising are at its heart.
'We will live in space, and humankind will start delivering its culture to space. The more professional and experienced pioneers will make it better for everyone.'
StartRocket is a budding company hoping to use Cubesats - briefcase sized spacecrafts - in low-Earth orbit which would be arranged in a particular way, depending on the demands of the paying advertiser
The theory has since caused a significant stir in the astronomical society with many outraged by the prospect of adverts in space.
'It's a threat to the ability to do astronomical research from the ground,' astronomer John Barentine of the International Dark Sky Association told Astronomy.com.
'Every one of those moving blips of light in the night sky is something that can interfere with our ability to collect photons from astronomical sources.'
Space entertainment, as it is being called, is a developing field with many individuals and companies looking to use space for profit.
A Japanese firm launched a satellite which sets the wheels in motion for artificial meteor showers.
China has also toyed with the concept of an artificial moon.
WHAT ARE CUBESATS?
A cubesat is a miniature satellite that has been sent into space.
Nasa defines them as a class of nanosatellites that use a standard size and form factor.
Each unit, or U, is 10cm x 10cm x 10cm (4 in x 4 in x 4 in) and the cubes can be pieced together to create larger structures.
These can include 1.5, 2, 3, 6, and even 12U objects.
They are often made of commercial off the shelf products and are a low-cost option for space exploration.
Cubesats have a variety of functions. The small satellites are intended for low Earth orbit (LEO) where they perform a number of scientific research functions and explore new space technologies.
They were originally developed to teach university students about satellites, CubeSats are now a major commercial technology, providing data on everything from shipping routes to environmental changes.
Each unit, or U, is 10cm x 10cm x 10cm (4 in x 4 in x 4 in) and the cubes can be pieced together to create larger structures. These can include 1.5, 2, 3, 6, and even 12U objects
Remember that image of Carl Sagan holding the “Don’t Forget, No Billboards in Space” sign that’s been bouncing around the internet the past few years? Turns out its fake, but that in no way takes away from the sentiment. Space in many ways is the final frontier, the last piece of untouched, untainted real estate we have on our shrinking, stinking planet. Why ruin it with advertising?
Let’s agree to ignore the massive amounts of orbital pollution surrounding the Earth.
Billboards in space sound objectively horrible to anyone who’s not a reptilian capitalist overlord, which is exactly why a Russian startup with massive amounts of venture capital behind it already has the billboards ready to fill the night sky with flashing neon reminders of the hellish corporate dystopia we’ve found ourselves in. Just wait until They find a way to advertise to us in our dreams.
The real photograph showed Sagan holding one of the plaques sent along with the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spacecraft.
Aerospace startup StartRocket wants to launch tiny cube satellites into orbit some 400-500 (~250-300 miles) kilometers above the Earth in order to create massive glowing displays which could be seen from dozens of square kilometers below at a time. The landing page on the company’s website displays an image of stargazers taking in the nightmarish scene of a fake Coca-Cola logo (“Loca-Cola”) floating through the night sky along with the mission statement “Space has to be beautiful. With the best brands, our sky will amaze us every night.” Blech. StartRocket project leader Vlad Sitnikov told Futurism that regardless of what literally everyone else in the world says, he insists his vision is all about bringing “beauty” to the world – in the form of brand names and logos:
We are ruled by brands and events. The economy is the blood system of society. Entertainment and advertising are at its heart. We will live in space, and humankind will start delivering its culture to space. The more professional and experienced pioneers will make it better for everyone.
The company plans on launching their first prototype in 2021, and says their orbital displays could be programmed to display logos at six minute intervals, orbiting a particular location three or four times a day. Start clawing your eyeballs out now; it can take a lot longer than you think.
Tiny cube-shaped satellites called Cubesats are being developed for all sorts of purposes.
Of course, there are huge legal and regulatory hurdles the orbital billboards would face if they ever came to fruition, so it’s unknown if they’ll ever be launched at all. Whew. Still, there is some precedent for orbital “art.” Last year, a New Zealand startup called Rocket Lab shot a cross between a disco ball and a D20 into space, prompting widespread criticism from astronomers. Caleb Scharf, director of astrobiology at Columbia University, wrote in Scientific American that despite being billed as a work of art, the orbital disco ball was merely “another invasion of my personal universe, another flashing item asking for eyeballs, adding that it was “hogging some of that precious resource, the dark night sky, polluting part of the last great wilderness” we have left on Earth. What will Scharf and other astronomers have to say about these garish orbital billboards?
Is it just me, or does this image of one cup on Mars somehow seem worse than the millions of cups currently strewn about the Earth?
I don’t know why anyone would think this one is a good idea. Anyone except for the soulless, money-hungry cacodemons who sit on the boards of the world’s largest advertising firms and multinational corporations, that is. Sure, the night sky might be ruined for everyone else you say, but listen, you commie punk: at least the billboards created a lot of value for the shareholders. What’s more important than that?
Police In Spain Record UFO Near Their Vehicle Watching Them, Jan 20, 2019, Photos, UFO Sighting News
Police In Spain Record UFO Near Their Vehicle Watching Them, Jan 20, 2019, Photos, UFO Sighting News
Date of sighting: Jan 20, 2019
Location of sighting: Spain
Source: MUFON #97905
Here is a UFO hovering over a police car in Spain this week. The UFO is cloaked, but was revealed by the flashing blue lights of the police vehicle. The UFO appears to be small, about .5 to 1 meter across. Being so small makes me think that its probably an alien drone device, since our planet cannot support all forms of aliens out there. Our atmosphere is probably toxic and deadly to some species. Also the fact that this UFO is watching the police and recording their activities is amazing.
Hosts Alejandro Rojas and Martin Willis (Open Minds UFO Radio) are joined by author and producer Lee Speigel to review the best UFO news stories of 2018.
2018 was a banner year for UFOs. It could be argued 2018 was the tipping point when UFOs became a serious topic in the mainstream. Some even argue it was the first full year we lived in a post UFO disclosure world. In this episode we review the stories and information that made 2018 so important for the UFO topic.
Avi Loeb, the chair of Harvard’s astronomy department, believes that the peculiar nature of the interstellar object called ‘Oumuamua raises questions about its possible origins.
Courtesy ESA/Hubble, NASA, ESO, M. Kornmesser
On October 19, 2017, astronomers at the University of Hawaii spotted a strange object travelling through our solar system, which they later described as “a red and extremely elongated asteroid.” It was the first interstellar object to be detected within our solar system; the scientists named it ‘Oumuamua, the Hawaiian word for a scout or messenger. The following October, Avi Loeb, the chair of Harvard’s astronomy department, co-wrote a paper (with a Harvard postdoctoral fellow, Shmuel Bialy) that examined ‘Oumuamua’s “peculiar acceleration” and suggested that the object “may be a fully operational probe sent intentionally to Earth’s vicinity by an alien civilization.” Loeb has long been interested in the search for extraterrestrial life, and he recently made further headlines by suggesting that we might communicate with the civilization that sent the probe. “If these beings are peaceful, we could learn a lot from them,” he told Der Spiegel.
I recently spoke by phone with Loeb, who was frustrated that scientists saw ‘Oumuamua too late in its journey to photograph the object. “My motivation for writing the paper is to alert the community to pay a lot more attention to the next visitor,” he told me. During our conversation, which has been edited and condensed for clarity, we discussed why Loeb thinks we need to consider the possibility that ‘Oumuamua was sent by aliens, the dangers of unscientific speculation, and what belief in an advanced extraterrestrial civilization has in common with faith in God.
Your explanation of why ‘Oumuamua might be an interstellar probe may be hard for laypeople to understand. Why might this be the case, beyond the fact that lots of things are possible?
There is a Scientific Americanarticle I wrote where I summarized six strange facts about ‘Oumuamua. The first one is that we didn’t expect this object to exist in the first place. We see the solar system and we can calculate at what rate it ejected rocks during its history. And if we assume all planetary systems around other stars are doing the same thing, we can figure out what the population of interstellar objects should be. That calculation results in a lot of possibilities, but the range is much less than needed to explain the discovery of ‘Oumuamua.
There is another peculiar fact about this object. When you look at all the stars in the vicinity of the sun, they move relative to the sun, the sun moves relative to them, but only one in five hundred stars in that frame is moving as slow as ‘Oumuamua. You would expect that most rocks would move roughly at the speed of the star they came from. If this object came from another star, that star would have to be very special.
What are some of the other strange facts?
When it was discovered, we realized it spins every eight hours, and its brightness changed by at least a factor of ten. The fact that its brightness varies by a factor of ten as it spins means that it is at least ten times longer than it is wide. We don’t have a photo, but, in all the artists’ illustrations that you have seen on the Web, it looks like a cigar. That’s one possibility. But it’s also possible that it’s a pancake-like geometry, and, in fact, that is favored.
What would be the meaning of a pancake-like geometry—
Wait. The most unusual fact about it is that it deviates from an orbit that is shaped purely by the gravitational force of the sun. Usually, in the case of comets, such a deviation is caused by the evaporation of ice on the surface of the comet, creating gases that push the comet, like the rocket effect. That’s what comets show: a cometary tail of evaporated gas. We don’t see a cometary tail here, but, nevertheless, we see a deviation from the expected orbit. And that is the thing that triggered the paper. Once I realized that the object is moving differently than expected, then the question is what gives it the extra push. And, by the way, after our paper appeared, another paper came out with analysis that showed very tight limits on any carbon-based molecules in the vicinity of this object.
What is the significance of that?
It means that there is no evidence of gas that relates to the evaporation of ice. We don’t see the telltale signatures of cometary tail. Moreover, if it was cometary activity, then we would expect the spin period of this object to change, and we don’t see that. All of these things are indicative of the fact that it is nothing like a comet that we have seen before in the solar system. And it is also nothing like an asteroid. Its brightness varies by a factor of ten, and the maximum you typically observe is a factor of three. It has a much more extreme geometry, and there is some other force pushing it. The question is, what’s providing this force, and that was the trigger for our paper.
The only thing that came to my mind is that maybe the light from the sun, as it bounces off its surface, gives it an extra push. It’s just like a wind bouncing off a sail on a sailboat. So we checked that and found that you need the thickness of the object to be less than a millimetre in order for that to work. If it is indeed less than a millimetre thick, if it is pushed by the sunlight, then it is maybe a light sail, and I could not think of any natural process that would make a light sail. It is much more likely that it is being made by artificial means, by a technological civilization.
I should say, just as background, I do not view the possibility of a technological civilization as speculative, for two reasons. The first is that we exist. And the second is that at least a quarter of the stars in the Milky Way galaxy have a planet like Earth, with surface conditions that are very similar to Earth, and the chemistry of life as we know it could develop. If you roll the dice so many times, and there are tens of billions of stars in the Milky Way, it is quite likely we are not alone.
So this civilization would be out of the solar system and in the galaxy?
In the galaxy. It may be dead by now, because we don’t take good care of our planet. Imagine another history, in which the Nazis have a nuclear weapon and the Second World War ends differently. You can imagine a civilization that develops technology like that, which would lead to its own destruction.
It’s possible that the civilization is not alive anymore, but it did send out a spacecraft. We ourselves sent out Voyager I and Voyager II. There could be a lot of equipment out there. The point is that this is the very first object we found from outside the solar system. It is very similar to when I walk on the beach with my daughter and look at the seashells that are swept ashore. Every now and then we find an object of artificial origin. And this could be a message in a bottle, and we should be open-minded. So we put this sentence in the paper.
It’s different, of course, but the way you said that reminded me of an argument I have heard for creationism, which is that if you find a watch on the beach, you know it must be man-made, and, since our eyes are as complex as a watch, we must also be designed by a creator.
An advanced technological civilization is a good approximation to God. Suppose you took a cell phone and showed it to a caveperson. The caveperson would say it was a nice rock. The caveperson is used to rocks. So now imagine this object—‘Oumuamua—being the iPhone and us being the cave people. We look at it and say it’s a rock. It’s just an unusual rock. The point of this analogy is that, for a caveperson, the technologies we have today would have been magic. They would have been God-given.
Coryn Bailer-Jones, an astronomer quoted in one of the pieces on your paper, wrote, “In science we must ask ourselves, ‘Where is the evidence? Not’ ”—
Exactly!Exactly!
Hold on. “ ‘Not where is the lack of evidence so that I can fit in any hypothesis that I like?’ ” [Bailer-Jones, of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, in Heidelberg, Germany, has identified four possible home stars for ‘Oumuamua, and was asked to respond to Loeb’s light-sail theory by NBC.]
Well, it’s exactly the approach that I took. I approached this with a scientific mind, like I approach any other problem in astronomy or science that I work on. The point is that we follow the evidence, and the evidence in this particular case is that there are six peculiar facts. And one of these facts is that it deviated from an orbit shaped by gravity while not showing any of the telltale signs of cometary outgassing activity. So we don’t see the gas around it, we don’t see the cometary tail. It has an extreme shape that we have never seen before in either asteroids or comets. We know that we couldn’t detect any heat from it and that it’s much more shiny, by a factor of ten, than a typical asteroid or comet. All of these are facts. I am following the facts.
Last year, I wrote a paper about cosmology where there was an unusual result, which showed that perhaps the gas in the universe was much colder than we expected. And so we postulated that maybe dark matter has some property that makes the gas cooler. And nobody cares, nobody is worried about it, no one says it is not science. Everyone says that is mainstream—to consider dark matter, a substance we have never seen. That’s completely fine. It doesn’t bother anyone.
But when you mention the possibility that there could be equipment out there that is coming from another civilization—which, to my mind, is much less speculative, because we have already sent things into space—then that is regarded as unscientific. But we didn’t just invent this thing out of thin air. The reason we were driven to put in that sentence was because of the evidence, because of the facts. If someone else has a better explanation, they should write a paper about it rather than just saying what you said.
One of your responses to these criticisms was, “I follow the maxim of Sherlock Holmes: ‘When you have excluded the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.’ ” But when it comes to things we can’t explain or don’t understand, don’t we often turn to concepts that do exist in popular culture and society—
No. No! No. Let me give you a better example for the kind of argument you are making. The multiverse is a mainstream idea—that anything that can happen will happen an infinite number of times. And I think that is not scientific, because it cannot be tested. Whereas the next time we see an object like this one, we can contemplate taking a photograph. My motivation, in part, is to motivate the scientific community to collect more data on the next object rather than argue a priori that they know the answer. In the multiverse case, we have no way of testing it, and everyone is happy to say, “Ya!”
Another mainstream idea is the extra dimension. You see that in string theory, which gets a lot of good press, and awards are given to members of that community. Not only has it not been tested empirically for almost forty years now but there is no hope it will be tested in the next forty years. And yet your friend has no problem with that! Whoever you are quoting has no problem with the multiverse, with string theory. No problem!
We don’t know what the person, Coryn Bailer-Jones, thinks about these things, to be clear.
He never complains about it, he never mentions it.
I don’t even know it’s a “he,” and I don’t know his or her opinions.
O.K., whoever.
The point I was trying to make is that we live in a culture where people talk about aliens.
No, but that’s different.
Hold on. Let me finish. The term U.F.O., in popular usage, has basically come to mean aliens of some sort. My question is whether we tend to see things that we can’t know or understand through the prism of things we have heard about since we were kids. Aren’t we more likely to see something like an alien society as an explanation than something we maybe can’t even comprehend or put into words?
I don’t enjoy science fiction because there are things in science fiction that violate the laws of physics. I like science and I like fiction separately. The main argument against any of the U.F.O. stories that you may have heard about is that the technology of detection have improved dramatically over the past few decades. We have cameras that are far better than we used to have, and nevertheless the evidence remains marginal. And so that is why there is no scientific credibility to U.F.O.s.
What we are talking about today is part of science. We have seen an object from outside the solar system, and we are trying to figure what it is made of and where it came from. We don’t have as much data as I would like. Given the data that we have, I am putting this on the table, and it bothers people to even think about that, just like it bothered the Church in the days of Galileo to even think about the possibility that the Earth moves around the sun. Prejudice is based on experience in the past. The problem is that it prevents you from making discoveries. If you put the probability at zero per cent of an object coming into the solar system, you would never find it!
Have your religious beliefs, or beliefs about God, changed in any way in the time you have been studying astronomy?
I am not religious. Why do you make that assumption?
I didn’t. I was wondering if your thoughts had changed one way or the other.
First of all, it depends on what you mean by God. But if you take something that is zero and multiple it by any number, it remains zero. I was secular to start with. I am not religious. I am struck by the order we find in the universe, by the regularity, by the existence of laws of nature. That is something I am always in awe of, how the laws of nature we find here on Earth seem to apply all the way out to the edge of the universe. That is quite remarkable. The universe could have been chaotic and very disorganized. But it obeys a set of laws much better than people obey a set of laws here. My work as a scientist is purely based on evidence and rational thinking. That’s all.
We may have finally spotted a star turning into a black hole
We may have finally spotted a star turning into a black hole
For the first time, researchers observed a stellar death before their eyes – a supernova and a forming black hole or a neutron star
Scientists call it the AT2018cow – but of course it doesn’t go moo. The name is simply chosen based on a randomised three-letter naming convention. But as supernovae go, it’s certainly a whopper, and an extremely unusual, never before seen type of supernova (if it is indeed one - which isn't confirmed yet).
“It was fast, blue and bright,” says Regis Cartier, a researcher who observed Cow with the Southern Astrophysical Research SOAR Telescope in Chile. “I dropped everything else I was doing.” The stellar explosion was not only extremely bright, it also lit up science instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum.
First spotted on June 16 last year, the results of the observations have just been announced at the 233rd meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Seattle.
The Cow was first noticed - and named - by Stephen Smartt, an astronomer at Queen’s University Belfast, while he was analysing data from two asteroid-tracking ATLAS telescopes in Hawaii. His team sent out an alert to the astronomical community the next day. Shortly afterwards, multiple observatories all around the globe zoomed in on the unusual event – in the best spirit of a very new field known as multi-messenger astronomy. Since about three years now, scientists drop any non-urgent observations and co-ordinate their research whenever something spectacular happens in the universe.
As a result, the Cow was tracked by many different telescopes scanning the skies all the way from low-energy radio waves to visible light, X-rays and very high-energy gamma radiation - leading to a flurry of academic papers. “There was a bit of a race to see who could publish their results first,” says Caltech astronomer Brian Grefenstette, who is a NASA telescope NuSTAR instrument scientist and co-author of one of the papers. “We included theorists as well as radio, optical and X-ray observers… to make sure we get as complete a picture as possible of what’s going on in the source.”
Apart from the two ATLAS telescopes, the veteran Keck twins, also in Hawaii, swiveled into action, together with a telescope on La Palma, one of Spain’s Canary Islands, and several other instruments - focusing on the event for days, weeks and months.
Researchers are still trying to make sense of what exactly the Cow is (or was), though. The main theory is that we have witnessed a collapse of a star in action – forming a black hole or a neutron star, a sort of super-dense stellar corpse, 200 million years ago. And it happened in the (relatively) nearby constellation Hercules, on the outskirts of a dwarf galaxy there.
When a massive star dies, its core implodes, causing a bright explosion – a supernova. The core collapses into either a black hole or a neutron star. That’s a theory, though, and the Cow could be the most direct evidence yet of how such an event unfolds.
Supernovae have been observed since 185 AD, when Chinese astronomers recorded their observations of a “guest star”. The term supernova was coined by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky in 1934. Until now, scientists had classified seven different types of Supernovae (Type 1a, 1b, 1c, II, III, IV and V), but the Cow is different. First, the event was unnaturally bright – 10 to 100 times brighter than the typical blast of an exploding star. It also reached its peak brightness over just a few days, while typical supernovae can take weeks, and the Cow’s visible light disappeared in just 16 days; the supernova observed in 185 AD, for example, lasted at least eight months.
At first, Smartt and colleagues gathered mostly optical data - which prompted a team led by Daniel Perley, an astrophysicist at Liverpool John Moores University, to suggest that the event was the moment a black hole ripped apart a star. This is known as tidal disruption.
But soon data in other wavelengths started trickling in. Astronomer Anna Ho at the California Institute of Technology and the lead author of a paper accepted to the Astrophysical Journal, started observing the Cow in radio. First, she used (remotely) the Submillimeter Array in Hawaii, and then - the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile. The short-wavelength radiation from the Cow that ALMA picked up continued for weeks, again unlike a typical supernova, enabling the team to observe the phenomenon for 80 days.
This indicates, Ho says, the presence of some kind of a central engine – a just-born black hole accreting matter, or a rapidly rotating, highly magnetised neutron star. “There wasn’t just a single release of energy in an explosion, so there must be some kind of ongoing energy production,” Ho adds.
Another team, led by Raffaella Margutti, an astrophysicist at Northwestern University, arrived to the same conclusion. The researchers spied on the Cow looking for X-rays with NuSTAR and the European Space Agency’s INTEGRAL space telescopes, and for radio waves using the National Radio Astronomy Observatory’s Very Large Array.
In a paper that will also appear in the Astrophysical Journal, Margutti's team say that the event was being reheated from the inside – indicating something powering it from within and echoing Ho's findings. Usually, there are plenty of heavy elements produced during a stellar explosion (the stuff that makes up things like humans and our Earth), which block the central engine – but this time, strangely, there was about 10 times less debris than expected - about a tenth of our sun's mass. Why? “This is a topic that’s still up for debate,” says Grefenstette. “But this is a whole new field. So hopefully, we’ll see more events like Cow in the future that can help us figure out what’s really going on.”
From the visible light analysis, scientists were able to estimate the composition and speed of the material ejected by AT2018cow, while the radio and X-ray data helped them calculate the densities of the material and the presence of inner engines. “This is a great example of multi-wavelength astronomy,” says David Clements, a reader in astrophysics at Imperial College London, who wasn’t involved in any of the papers. “They threw whatever they had at it and hoped that some of it would lead to clearer answers.”
The speed of light, just shy of 300 million meters per second, is the theoretical speed limit of the universe. Compared to anything we encounter on a daily basis, light travels so fast that it appears to be instantaneous.
But a new series of animations by NASA scientist James O’Donoghue shows how dismally slow the speed of light is compared to the scale of our solar systemBusiness Insiderreports.
The videos, the first of which shows a beam of light orbiting the Earth 7.5 times per second, demonstrate why it takes so long to communicate with Mars rovers and why scientists have no feasible means of reaching or even communicating with hypothetical inhabitants of distant exoplanets.
Zooming Out
Looking only at our own planet, light still seemspretty fast. For comparison, the world’s fastest plane, an X-15, reached a top speed of 2,000 meters per second. At that speed, it would take the plane 5.5 hours to circle the planet.
But once you start to zoom out, it becomes just how slow the speed of light is compared to any sort of cosmic scale. O’Donoghue’s second animation shows how long it takes for light to travel between Earth and the moon. It’s about a 2.5 second round-trip journey — still dizzyingly quick.
Are We There Yet?
But then O’Donoghue zooms out to show the distance between Earth and Mars. Now, watching the light travel between planets is like watching your microwave count down.
In case you don’t feel like sticking around for the whole six-minute video, we reveal the ending below. Don’t read on unless you’re comfortable risking having the video spoiled!
In the animation, the beam of light takes just over three minutes to travel from Earth to Mars, then takes just as long to make it back home. That’s why many Mars rovers have pre-programmed behaviors, like how NASA’s InSightautomatically deployed its own landing procedure — remote controls from scientists on Earth would take too long to arrive.
Un OVNI se dirigeait vers le groupe de combat : la Marine US brise le silence…
Un OVNI se dirigeait vers le groupe de combat : la Marine US brise le silence…
Découvrez l’observation étrange de marins américains à bord du USS Nimitz. Le phénomène, qui s’est déroulée le long des côtes de San Diego, a tellement enflammé leur imagination qu’ils y ont vu un navire d’origine extraterrestre…
Chers fans de la vie extraterrestre, est-ce que les histoires extraterrestres vous manquent? En voilà une: le personnel de la Marine américaine a observé un objet mystérieux circuler dans le ciel pendant des heures, non loin de la côte de San Diego, raconte Chris Mellon, ancien chef des forces de sécurité nationale qui a d’ailleurs travaillé sur des objets secrets au Nevada, sur la base Zone 51.
Selon lui, l’incident s’est produit en pleine journée lors d’une mission du porte-avions américain USS Nimitz, escorté du porte-avions léger USS Princeton.
«Imaginez ces bâtiments engagés dans des manœuvres d’entraînement au moment, où un vaisseau non identifié, ayant une signature radar faible, apparait sur les radars et se dirige directement vers les navires», décrit Mellon, qui a démontré ensuite un profond engouement pour les phénomènes extraterrestres.
L’objet n’a pas répondu aux signaux radio. L’USS Princeton a contacté deux chasseurs F-18, déjà dans les airs, pour qu’ils interceptent l’objet. Les pilotes ont découvert, étonnés, que l’appareil n’avait ni ailes ni tuyau d’échappement:
«Il était blanc, allongé, d’environ 12 mètres de long et d’à peu près 4 mètres d’épaisseur», précise Mellon, cité par le journal britannique Express.
Ensuite, un pilote a tenté de prendre en chasse l’appareil: «Les pilotes ont été stupéfaits de voir l’objet se réorienter dans la direction du F-18 en s’approchant.»
De même, le «vaisseau» semblait défier les lois de la physique en manœuvrant. Les pilotes ont dû revenir sur le Nimitz, mais l’objet est resté encore dans les cieux durant quelques heures.
Peut-être, y-est-il encore? C’est à vous messieurs les ufologues de résoudre cette énigme.
Artificial Intelligence – Software That Writes Itself
Artificial Intelligence – Software That Writes Itself
Jay Tuck explains how it’s not futuristic. It’s happening now. These computers are way smarter than we are. No one understands exactly how stock markets work any more as the algorithms are written by machines. Prices of airoplane seats are decided by machines. Picture analysis is done better by machines in hospitals.
Robots are getting cuddlier. They never die. They have no heart.
The power of AI needs explaining. – surveillance cameras are able to see phenomenal detail on the ground from 17,ooo feet. We can all be monitored by computers in real time. Facial recognition can be done from above. Our whole lives are being recorded.
Big data only works if you have artificial intelligence to make sense of it. The company that has the most information in the world is buying up all artificial intelligence companies from around the world…Google. DARPA financed robots which are able to operate as part of military units.
Modern drone Pegasus is invisible. It films the sky above and projects the image onto the bottom of the drone. Drones are not permitted to kill people without human input. Yet robots are able to make kill decisions. The goal is to get the robots to make the kill decisions.
Yet sometimes artificial intelligence makes mistakes. A robotic weapon (Talon) went wrong in a demo in Iraq and a marine was able to knock it over before it killed two hundred spectators. Yet it’s getting better every day.
Once the internet of things is brought into being, the supercomputer will operate spontaneously managing our lives. AI is a network with back-ups all over the world which cannot be dismantled. It has to be stopped before it kills us.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.