Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
03-05-2019
Could alien life be hiding in the clouds of Venus
Could alien life be hiding in the clouds of Venus?
Though the surface of Venus is a hellish landscape, a new study suggests that microbial life may be able to survive in — and change — the venusian atmosphere.
According to a new study, the ever-changing appearance of Venus' clouds may indicate that microbial life can survive in the venusian atmosphere. This artist’s impression shows the clouds above the surface of Venus.
ESA
When it comes to searching for life elsewhere in the solar system, astronomers typically fixate on Mars or the handful of ice-encrusted moons around Jupiter and Saturn. But according to a new study, to find extraterrestrial life, we may only need to look to our nearest neighbor — Venus.
In a paper published March 30 in the journal Astrobiology, an international team of researchers suggests that the thick and acidic atmosphere of Venus may actually serve as a potential safe haven for microbial life. In the hypothesis paper, they not only present multiple lines of evidence showing the venusian clouds could harbor extreme forms of life, but also show that airborne life on Venus would help explain the fluctuating appearance of the planet’s clouds — a mystery that has plagued astronomers for nearly a century.
Although scientists have debated the habitability of Venus’ atmosphere for many decades — Carl Sagan co-authored a paper on the topic in 1963 — our sister world is often still ignored as a target for astrobiological research. This is primarily because the surface of Venus is now almost undoubtedly inhospitable to life, sporting temperatures of over 860 degrees Fahrenheit (450 Celsius) and surface pressures about 90 times greater than those found on Earth. However, despite the fact that Venus is now a hellish landscape (largely due to a run-away greenhouse effect), at one point, the planet looked a lot more like Earth does today.
“Venus had plenty of time to evolve life on its own,” said lead author Sanjay Limaye, a planetary scientist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Space Science and Engineering Center, in a press release. In fact, previous research suggests that Venus could have once maintained a habitable climate with liquid water on its surface for as long as 2 billion years. “That’s much longer than is believed to have occurred on Mars,” he said.
This would have allowed life to initially form on the surface of Venus (when the toxic planet looked more like present-day Earth) before eventually migrating up into the venusian clouds. Although this scenario may seem unlikely, on Earth, microorganisms such as bacteria can (and do) get swept high up into the atmosphere. According to co-author David Smith of NASA’s Ames Research Center, by using specialized research balloons, scientists have even found such high-altitude microorganisms surviving up to 25 miles (41 kilometers) above the Earth’s surface.
Furthermore, as the new paper points out, a series of space probes sent to Venus between 1962 and 1978 showed that, though the surface of Venus is not conducive to life, the venusian atmosphere very well could be. At altitudes between 25 and 37 miles (40 and 60 kilometers), the atmospheric temperature of Venus ranges between about 90°F and 160°F (30°C to 70°C), and the pressure is almost the same as you would find at sea level on our own planet. On the other hand, the acidic, sulfur-laden venusian air is rather toxic — that is, at least to most forms of life.
Over the years, though, scientists have compiled a large catalog of microbes that are known to survive and thrive in incredibly harsh environments here on Earth. One such organism is the humble tardigrade — a microscopic animal (often called a “water bear”) that can survive even the most extreme conditions. These hardy critters have been found almost everywhere on the planet, ranging from the driest deserts to the tallest mountaintops. In 2007, researchers even found that Tardigrades could survive up to 10 days in the irradiated vacuum of space.
Tardigrades are one of the most resilient forms of life on Earth. These microscopic animals can go decades without food or water, can exist in the most extreme temperatures, and can survive in the harsh, radiation-filled vacuum of space.
NASA/N. Ottawa/O. Meckes/Eye of Science/Science Source Images
So, is it possible a certain type of microorganism could endure living in Venus’ highly toxic atmosphere? It may not be probable, but it is certainly possible.
“On Earth, we know that life can thrive in very acidic conditions, can feed on carbon dioxide, and produce sulfuric acid,” said co-author Rakesh Mogul, a professor of biological chemistry at California State Polytechnic University, Pomono, in a press release. Considering this, Mogul says it’s worth noting that the atmosphere of Venus is primarily made of carbon dioxide and water containing lots of sulfuric acid, meaning the toxic clouds do not necessarily rule out venusian life.
Perhaps most importantly, according to the paper, the physical and chemical conditions within Venus’ atmosphere allow for microorganisms to not only exist, but also contribute to the persistently changing appearance of the planet’s clouds. “Venus shows some episodic dark, sulfuric rich patches, with contrasts up to 30-40 percent in the ultraviolet, and muted in longer wavelengths,” said Limaye. “These patches persist for days, changing their shape and contrasts continuously, and appear to be scale dependent.”
The researchers also point out that, based on previous spectroscopic observations, the dark patches are made up of particles that are almost the same size and shape as some light-absorbing bacteria found here on Earth. According to Limaye and Mogul, this means that the atmospheric patches could be living colonies of microorganisms, similar to algae blooms commonly found in large bodies of water on Earth. However, every instrument used to sample Venus’ atmosphere so far has been incapable of distinguishing between inorganic and organic compounds.
So for now, it seems, the question of whether extraterrestrial life floats above the surface of Venus remains a mystery. “To really know, we need to go there and sample the clouds,” said Mogul. “Venus could be an exciting new chapter in astrobiology exploration.”
Mankind doesn’t explore space solely in search of extraterrestrials, but we keep our eyes peeled. Still, scientists know that the chances of happening across a fellow traveler in the great beyond are minimal — and they wrap their heads around the infinitesimal odds using the Drake Equation, a seven-variable way of deriving the chance of active civilizations existing beyond Earth.
But equations get older and equations get wrong. The Drake Equation, which takes into account various factors like the rate of star formation, the fraction of stars that could form planetary systems, the number habitable planets in those systems, and so on, is now 55 years old. It doesn’t reflect the new information SETI researchers have collected since the 1960s.
A new study published in the journal Astrobiology seeks to integrate new exoplanet data as part of the Drake Equation while demonstrating the role of “pessimism” and “optimism” in estimating the odds of finding E.T. (you don’t find what you don’t look for).
“The question of whether advanced civilizations exist elsewhere in the universe has always been vexed with three large uncertainties in the Drake equation,” said University of Rochester astronomer and study coauthor Adam Frank in a statement. “We’ve known for a long time approximately how many stars exist. We didn’t know how many of those stars had planets that could potentially harbor life, how often life might evolve and lead to intelligent beings, and how long any civilizations might last before becoming extinct.”
Estimates derived by projects running under NASA’s Kepler satellite and a few other instruments suggest that out of the estimated 2 x 10^22 stars in the known universe, 20 percent have planets that reside in habitable zones that have temperatures, atmospheres, and other traits that could support life. So that takes care of one uncertainty.
That leaves two other questions:
How often would life evolve?
How long could those civilizations survive for?
That last one is a particularly tough question to answer, since we can only really work off the history of human civilization — and we haven’t died off yet.
That’s where the notion of pessimism and optimism arise. Frank and Sullivan write that their method requires only establishing how low the probability that humans are the only intelligent species to have ever evolved is. They call this the pessimism line. “If the actual probability is greater than the pessimism line,” said Frank, “then a technological species and civilization has likely happened before.”
Using current SETI and exoplanet data, Frank and Sullivan ended up calculating this number at one in 10 billion trillion. That’s incredibly small — which means the odds that another intelligent species has evolved are very, very good.
“Think of it this way,” said Frank. “Before our result you’d be considered a pessimist if you imagined the probability of evolving a civilization on a habitable planet were, say, one in a trillion. But even that guess, one chance in a trillion, implies that what has happened here on Earth with humanity has in fact happened about a 10 billion other times over cosmic history!”
The researchers emphasize that this revised interpretation of the Drake equation accounts for the entire 13.78 billion year history of the universe — while the original localizes the odds of finding E.T. to the present day.
That being said, optimism for finding alien life has never been higher. After all, three famous names just started a multi-million dollar project to look for aliens in Alpha Centauri — the closest star system to the Earth — and some prominent scientists think there’s a good chance we’ll find something special. There’s certainly never been a time to be an E.T. optimist.
Scientists have detected traces of water in dust from an asteroid previously assumed to be dry, adding new support for a theory that could explain how Earth’s oceans came to be.
In a new study, researchers from Arizona State University re-examined samples collected by Japan’s first Hayabusa probe back in 2010.
The spacecraft captured roughly 1,500 particles in total when it visited the asteroid Itokawa during the first-ever asteroid sampling mission.
The new analysis revealed a substantial amount of water and hydrogen compositions that are ‘indistinguishable from Earth,’ suggesting water-rich asteroids are far more common than previously thought.
Researchers now say an impact from a similar asteroid in our planet’s history could have been responsible for delivering as much as half of Earth’s water.
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In a new study, researchers from Arizona State University re-examined samples collected by Japan’s first Hayabusa probe back in 2010. The spacecraft captured roughly 1,500 particles in total when it visited the asteroid Itokawa during the first-ever asteroid sampling mission
‘We found the samples we examined were enriched in water compared to the average for inner solar system objects,’ said postdoctoral scholar Ziliang Jin.
Itokawa is what’s know as an S-type asteroid and is thought to have broken off of a larger object that measured at least 12 miles wide.
It’s estimated to be about 1,800 feet long and 700 to 1,000 feet wide, and circles the sun every 18 months.
‘S-type asteroids are one of the most common objects in the asteroid belt,’ said co-author Maitrayee Bose.
‘They originally formed at a distance from the sun of one-third to three times Earth’s distance.’
Despite a series of impacts that occurred to produce today’s Itokawa millions of years ago, the team says the asteroid retained its water.
‘The particles we analyzed came from a part of Itokawa called the Muses Sea,’ says Bose.
The new analysis revealed a substantial amount of water and hydrogen compositions that are ‘indistinguishable from Earth,’ suggesting water-rich asteroids are far more common than previously thought. The particles (shown) are just half the thickness of a human hair
‘It's an area on the asteroid that's smooth and dust-covered.’
‘Although the samples were collected at the surface, we don't know where these grains were in the original parent body,’ Jin adds.
‘But our best guess is that they were buried more than 100 meters deep within it.’
‘The minerals have hydrogen isotopic compositions that are indistinguishable from Earth,’ the Jin said.
The water content of different materials, including primitive Earth and Itokawa, is plotted in the chart above
In the samples, each of which are just half the thickness of a human hair, the researchers found surprising amounts of water.
The discovery suggests these asteroids, assumed to be dry, may be home to much more water than previously thought.
‘This means S-type asteroids and the parent bodies of ordinary chondrites are likely a critical source of water and several other elements for the terrestrial planets,’ Bose said.
‘And we can say this only because of in-situ isotopic measurements on returned samples of asteroid regolith -- their surface dust and rocks.
‘That makes these asteroids high-priority targets for exploration.’
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPACE ROCKS?
An asteroid is a large chunk of rock left over from collisions or the early solar system. Most are located between Mars and Jupiter in the Main Belt.
A comet is a rock covered in ice, methane and other compounds. Their orbits take them much further out of the solar system.
A meteor is what astronomers call a flash of light in the atmosphere when debris burns up.
This debris itself is known as a meteoroid. Most are so small they are vapourised in the atmosphere.
If any of this meteoroid makes it to Earth, it is called a meteorite.
Meteors, meteoroids and meteorites normally originate from asteroids and comets.
For example, if Earth passes through the tail of a comet, much of the debris burns up in the atmosphere, forming a meteor shower.
PEANUT IN THE SKY Asteroid Itokawa (shown in this image from Japan’s Hayabusa spacecraft) was thought to be devoid of water. But scientists studying grains of dust returned by the craft in 2010 found trace amounts of the substance.
For the first time, evidence of water has been found in a stony type of asteroid once thought to be bone-dry.
Grains of dust from the asteroid Itokawa actually contain a surprising amount of water, two cosmochemists from Arizona State University in Tempe report May 1 in Science Advances.
“We didn’t really expect water to be there in Itokawa at all,” says study coauthor Maitrayee Bose. But if similar asteroids have similar amounts of water, the space rocks could have been a major source of water for the early Earth.
The Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa brought back more than 1,500 grains of Itokawa in 2010 (SN Online: 6/14/10). Itokawa is what’s known as stony asteroid or an S-type asteroid, which means that it was born closer to the sun than to Jupiter. Scientists think that Itokawa formed from the rubble of a catastrophic impact that broke up a larger asteroid.
Most of Itokawa’s water could have boiled away with the heat from that traumatic event as well as the asteroid’s proximity to the sun. Previous studies have shown that meteorites that break off from S-type asteroids are mostly dry.
Bose decided to look for water anyway. Her lab has an instrument called a NanoSIMS, which can measure one atom of hydrogen in 100,000 other types of atoms. If Itokawa held more water than that, she thought her team should be able to detect it.
And it did: In two Itokawa grains, the team found between roughly 680 and 970 parts per million of water. Earth’s crust, by comparison, contains 15,000 to 20,000 ppm of water.
IN A GRAIN OF SAND Specks of dust from an asteroid called Itokawa that scientists studied are just a few tens of micrometers across.
Z. JIN AND M. BOSE/ASU, JAXA
Taking into account all of the ways that Itokawa could have lost water, Bose and colleague Ziliang Jin calculated that Itokawa’s parent body had 160 to 510 ppm of water. Other S-type asteroids, if they had that much water on average, could have delivered water to the rocky planets, including Earth.
Not only did Itokawa have water, it had the right kind of water to seed Earth’s oceans, the researchers found. The grains’ ratio of deuterium, a heavy form or isotope of hydrogen, to the more common form of hydrogen matched the ratio found in earthly water. Previous work has shown that icy comets, on the other hand, have the wrong deuterium ratio to explain Earth’s oceans (SN: 1/10/15, p. 8). But stony asteroids like Itokawa could do have done the trick.
“It’s still dry with respect to anything in our human experience,” Bose says. “But it is wet enough, and with the correct isotopic composition, [for many such asteroids] to provide half the water on Earth” in the oceans.
“This is very nice and careful work,” says planetary scientist Tomoki Nakamura of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, who led the first team to study the Hayabusa samples. The Arizona State University researchers “proposed a new interpretation for the origin of water on the Earth.”
Nakamura’s only concern is whether water from Earth’s atmosphere could have contaminated the samples. He would like to see the same analysis done on samples of Itokawa that were never exposed to the atmosphere, “although this sample preparation is extremely difficult,” he says.
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Celebrates 60 Years
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Celebrates 60 Years
On May 1, 1959, the Beltsville Space Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, was renamed NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in honor ofRobert H. Goddard, widely considered the father of modern rocketry. Thus began a 60-year boom in science and technological innovation.
The center has led or contributed to many of the agency’s accomplishments, ranging from missions to the Moon to detecting the first light in the universe and arriving at an asteroid in space to collect a sample. Goddard now boasts the largest concentration of scientists and engineers dedicated to the study of Earth and space and has successfully sent more than 300 satellites into orbit, secured more than 800 patents, produced more than 50,000 science and technical publications, and contributed to several significant awards, including the Nobel Prize in physics. of its innovations have resulted in commercial applications, such as spacecraft sensors and control centers being re-purposed for traffic management and methods for grinding large observatory mirrors being used to improve machines for Lasik surgery. Thanks to its past successes, Goddard is poised to contribute to NASA’s future goals, including sending a crewed spaceflight to land on the Moon by 2024 and eventually to Mars.
Goddard Space Flight Center was established on May 1, 1959, as NASA's first spaceflight center. In celebration of its 60th year, we look back at the innovations and scientific impacts the women and men of Goddard have made throughout its history.
Many of its innovations have resulted in commercial applications, such as spacecraft sensors and control centers being re-purposed for traffic management and methods for grinding large observatory mirrors being used to improve machines for Lasik surgery. Thanks to its past successes, Goddard is poised to contribute to NASA’s future goals, including sending a crewed spaceflight to land on the Moon by 2024 and eventually to Mars.
Over six decades, Goddard expanded from 1,200 acres in Greenbelt to include five additional sites in New York; White Sands, New Mexico; Wallops Island, Virginia; Palestine, Texas; and Fairmont, West Virginia. Goddard stimulates and strengthens economic activity from local to national scales, investing in technology, manufacturing, and contracting. Goddard’s partnerships and technology transfer spur innovation and business growth. Its workforce has grown from 650 employees in 1959 to approximately 13,000 in 2019. Consisting mostly of scientists and engineers, its workforce also comprises a large cadre of professionals in such fields as procurement, outreach and finance – all of whom contribute to the center’s success. It boasts a diverse workforce as a key element in problem-solving and innovation. In 2018, NASA ranked first among the 17 large agencies and Goddard ranked second among NASA centers, in the best places to work in the federal government, according to the Partnership for Public Service – a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization working to make government more effective.
Installation of early signage at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
Credits: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Computer engineer Harvey Walden has worked at Goddard for 56 years and has seen advancements unimaginable 60 years ago. “I’ve witnessed many changes at Goddard over the last 56 years of Goddard’s 60-year history,” he said. “Nothing describes them better than Dr. Robert H. Goddard’s own oft-quoted maxim: ‘It is difficult to say what is impossible, for the dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow.’ NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center proves the truth of that statement better than almost any place on Earth.”
Goddard’s work in studying the Sun, Earth, solar system and far reaches of the cosmos – as well as in developing such technologies as space communications and robotics – while maintaining a vibrant workforce makes its anniversary tag line “Bringing the Universe Into View” a reality.
Over 70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered in water, almost all of which isin the oceans. But where did all this water come from? Several hypotheses seek to explain how water arrived on our planet in the early days of its formation, including the idea that molecular water leaked out of hydrated minerals on Earth, and the possibility thatasteroids and comets delivered waterto Earth.
New research in the journal Science Advances lends support to the asteroid hypothesis, suggesting that these rocky visitors could have delivered up to half of Earth’s water billions of years ago.
In a paper published Wednesday, a pair of cosmochemists at Arizona State University showed that the first asteroid ever sampled by humans contains hydrogen isotopes in levels that are almost identical to the concentrations found in rocks on Earth. Even though their study examined samples from just one asteroid, this evidence suggests that asteroids could have very well been the source of a significant portion of water in Earth’s oceans.
Maitrayee Bose, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration and the principal investigator on the project, co-authored the study with postdoctoral scholar Ziliang Jin, Ph.D..
“We find ourselves in this ‘pale blue dot,’ a planet full of water, rich in organics and supportive of life,” Bose tells Inverse. “We know of no other such planet. My aim is to find out how.”
Bose (left) and Jin (right) load asteroid samples into a secondary ion mass spectrometer.
Almost a decade before Hayabusa2 landed on the asteroid Ryugu and shot it with a bullet (for science, of course), the first Hayabusa spacecraft delivered microscopic particles of the asteroid Itokawa back to Earth.
The Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) provided Bose and Jin with five particles brought back to Earth from Itokawa, an S-type (stony) asteroid, in 2010. By analyzing the particles in a secondary ion mass spectrometer, Bose and Jin identified that Itokawa contained water and hydrogen isotopes in levels that are “indistinguishable” from rocks found on Earth.
“Ziliang and I study small bodies and processes within them to understand asteroids, which are considered the building blocks of our solar system,” says Bose, explaining that the source of Earth’s water is a matter that the scientific community has hotly debated.
Two particles harvested from the asteroid Itokawa.
“The most popular scenario is that water on Earth was delivered by water-rich asteroids from the outer solar system during different periods of planetary formation, i.e., early, when Earth was not as big as it is now (proto-Earth) or late, after the Earth had completely formed,” she says. “Thus, we wanted to study water in this asteroid Itokawa (first asteroid that we have visited!) and see if it had enough water to account for water on Earth.”
Based on their analysis, Bose and Jin write in the paper that “S-type asteroids formed in the inner solar system were hydrous despite high temperatures and could have been a potential source for Earth’s water.”
This is just the first bulk water estimate of the water-content in an S-type asteroid, so Bose is careful to point out that this study is the launching point for future investigations into the water conditions of early Earth.
“There are currently several theories about water delivery to Earth, and we are suggesting another source,” says Bose. “But this is not the end-point but the beginning of trying to gauge through other laboratory investigations of other isotopes and elements, if the arguments hold true.”
Bose hopes the picture will become even clearer once the newer spacecraft Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx return their carbonaceous asteroid samples to Earth — she plans to analyze these samples, of course.
Abstract: We performed the first measurements of hydrogen isotopic composition and water content in nominally anhydrous minerals collected by the Hayabusa mission from the S-type asteroid Itokawa. The hydrogen isotopic composition (dD) of the measured pyroxene grains is −79 to −53‰, which is indistinguishable from that in chondritic meteorites, achondrites, and terrestrial rocks. Itokawa minerals contain water contents of 698 to 988 parts per million (ppm) weight, after correcting for water loss during parent body processes and impact events that elevated the tempera- ture of the parent body. We infer that the Bulk Silicate Itokawa parent body originally had 160 to 510 ppm water. Asteroids like Itokawa that formed interior to the snow line could therefore have been a potential source of water (up to 0.5 Earth’s oceans) during the formation of Earth and other terrestrial planets.
Since 2014, UFOs have intruded upon military airspace as often as several times per month, a military official told theWashington Post. Ina follow-uppublished by the Post on Monday, the same official said that the U.S. Navy will not share any more information regarding what they call “unexplained aerial phenomena” with the public, despite drafting formal procedures to document UFO sightings on an ongoing basis.
“There have been a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated air spaces in recent years,” the Navy said in a statement released to Politico, who first reported on the new approach. “The Navy is updating and formalizing the process by which reports of any such suspected incursions can be made to the cognizant authorities. A new message to the fleet that will detail the steps for reporting is in drafts.”
The new processes come in response to multiple sightings of rounded objects spotted and tracked on infrared cameras, including footage of a so-called “Tic-Tac” UFO craft released by The New York Times in 2017. During the 2004 incident, the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group tracked multiple UFOs off California’s Baja Peninsula, with pilots, radar technicians and other military officials confirming the mysterious technology.
“At a certain point, there ended up being multiple objects that we were tracking,” Petty Officer Gary Voorhis, stationed aboard the Princeton missile cruiser escorting the USS Nimitz, said in testimony described by Issues in Science & Technology. “They all generally zoomed around at ridiculous speeds, and angles and trajectories and then eventually they all bugged out faster than our radars.”
The vehicles buzzing military installations are described as having no air intake, no exhaust and no other indication of a power source or known method of generating thrust.
Joseph Gradisher, spokesman for the office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Information Warfare, described multiple recorded sightings per month to The Washington Post, but emphasized that any further information will likely remain classified. Congress may see reports with broad statistics regarding the number of sightings and conclusions taken from follow-up investigations.
But while the Navy plans to keep its UFO sightings out of the public eye, the politician who helped fund the Pentagon’s shuttered UFO program, the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), says UFO sightings are far more common in military circles than previously revealed.
Speaking with CBS affiliate KLAS in Las Vegas, former Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid described widespread sightings on military bases. “You can’t just hide your head and say these things are not happening,” Reid, who has previously described a UFO arms race between the United States and competing countries, told the I-Team’s George Knapp. “We have military installations where hundreds and hundreds of people who are there see these things."
Water is essential for life on Earth and is one of our most precious natural resources. But considering how our planet formed, it is quite surprising how much water we still have. The Earth aggregated from a cloud of gas and dust – a protoplanetary disk– and was incandescently hot for the first few million years. Its surface was kept molten by impacts from comets and asteroids. Earth’s interior was also (and still is) kept liquid by a combination of gravitational heating and the decay of radioactive isotopes.
That means that if there were any initial water (and organic compounds) on the Earth, it should have boiled off quickly. So how come there’s plenty of water on our planet today – where did it actually come from? A surprising new study, published in Science Advances, suggests that a type of asteroid we didn’t think contained very much water could be responsible – simultaneously demonstrating that the solar system is probably a lot wetter than had previously been thought.
Scientists have long debated exactly where the Earth’s water comes from. One theory suggests that it might have been captured from the asteroids and comets that collided with it. Another argues that water was always present in the rocks of the Earth’s mantle and was gradually released to the surface through volcanoes.
itokawa. Credit: NASA/JPL.
Thanks to the Japanese Hayabusa mission we now have fresh evidence. The spacecraft brought back a precious cargo of grains retrieved from the surface of asteroid 25143 Itokawa in 2010. The researchers behind the new study were able to analyse the water content of two grains. They used a sophisticated piece of kit called an ion microprobe, which bombards a sample with a beam of ions (charged atoms) in order to probe the composition of its surface.
The experiment was not easy – the grains are tiny, less than 40 microns (one millionth of a metre) across, and each grain was made up of several different minerals. The ion microprobe had to be focused on one specific mineral within each grain so that the authors could gather the required data. The species of mineral that they analysed was an iron and magnesium-bearing silicate known as a pyroxene, which is almost entirely free of calcium.
This type of substance is not usually associated with water – indeed, it is regarded as a Nominally Anhydrous Mineral (NAM). The lattice of a pyroxene crystal does not contain vacant sites for water molecules in the same way that, for example, a clay mineral does – so its structure is not necessarily conducive to taking up water. However, the sensitivity of the technique that the authors used was such that they could detect and measure tiny quantities of water.
The results were surprising: the grains contained up to 1,000 parts per million of water. Knowing the composition of Itokawa, the researchers could then estimate the water content of the entire asteroid, which translated to between 160 and 510 parts per million of water. This is more than had been anticipated – remote measurements of two similar bodies (also S-type asteroids) found that one contained 30 and the other 300 parts per million water.
Unlikely source
Water is made from hydrogen and oxygen. But those elements occur as different isotopes – meaning they can have a different number of neutrons in their atomic nucleus (neutrons are particles that make up the nucleus together with protons). The researchers looked at the hydrogen isotopic composition of the water and discovered it was very close to that of Earth, suggesting the water on Earth has the same source as that of the Hayabusa grains.
The results raise several interesting questions, the first of which is how so much water came to be in nominally anhydrous minerals? The authors suggest that, during their formation, the grains absorbed hydrogen from the protoplanetary disk, which, at the high temperatures and pressures of the solar nebula, combined with oxygen in the minerals to produce water.
Original morphology of the two studied Itokawa particles. Credit: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), edited by Z. Jin
So far, so reasonable. But how is it possible that the water has remained in the minerals? They after all came from an S-type asteroid – one that forms in the inner and hotter part of the solar system. Itokawa has had a complex history of thermal metamorphism and collision, reaching temperatures at least as high as 900°C. But the researchers used computer models to predict how much water would be lost in these processes – and it turned out to be less than 10% of the total.
Earth’s water
But how does all this relate to Earth’s water? The researchers speculate that following the grains’ uptake of water from the protoplanetary disk, the minerals aggregated and stuck together to form pebbles and eventually larger bodies such as asteroids.
If this mechanism worked for asteroids, it could also hold true for the Earth – maybe its original water came from these minerals coming together to help form the Earth. While water was then lost during the Earth’s early history, it was added again during collisions by the numerous S-type asteroids – as implied by the similarity in hydrogen isotopic composition between Earth and Itokawa.
This fresh look at an old problem – the origin of Earth’s water – has produced a surprising conclusion, one that suggests a large population of inner solar system asteroids might contain a lot more water than had been realised.
So while there is water everywhere in the solar system, the fact that it is hidden away inside minerals means that there is not always a drop to drink.
Jawbone discovered in Baishiya Karst Cave, high on the Tibetan Plateau, is the most complete remains yet from the mysterious ancient-hominin group known as the Denisovans.
(Photo Credit: Dongju Zhang / Lanzhou University)
The story of human evolution is not a straight line but rather a series of branching events. We now know that Homo sapiens were contemporaries not only with their famous cousins, the Neanderthals, but also with Homo floresiensis,the Denisovans(a species that lived around a cave in the Altai Mountains of western Siberia), and according to a recent studywith fifth species, called Homo luzonensis. The Denisovans, which were first discovered in 2010, are particularly intriguing and mysterious since scientists could study them only from a few bone fragments and teeth — until now.
Reporting in a new study published inNature, researchers say they’ve identified a jawbone that belonged to a Denisovan that lived more than 160,000 years ago in the Himalayas.
The Baishiya Karst Cave where the Denisovan jawbone was found.
Credit: Dongju Zhang.
Denisovans were first discovered from a bone fragment in Denisova Cave (pictured) in Siberia. Researchers have now uncovered another specimen in the Tibetan Plateau.
(Photo Credit: rusak / iStock / Getty Images)
The lower jawbone with two remaining teeth was actually found three decades ago in the Baishiya Karst Cave on the Tibetan Platea. The Tibetan monk who found the stunning remains deep in the Himalayan mountains gave it to a local revered as a living Buddha, who passed it on scientists. A team of European and Chinese researchers has been carefully studying the jawbone ever since.
Researchers were not able to extract DNA from the mandible but managed to extract proteins from one of the molars. Their sequencing firmly identified the fossil as Denisovan — the first time researchers have identified the physical remains of a Denisovan outside the cave that gave them their name, Denisova Cave, in Siberia.
Researchers excavating the Baishiya Karst Cave.
Credit: Dongju Zhang, Lanzhou University.
Ancient tools and animals bones showing cut marks were also retrieved from the same cave which stands almost 3,350 meters (11,000 feet) up on the plateau. If these remains were indeed left by Denisovans, they suggest that the ancient humans had adapted to high-altitude, low-oxygen environments long before the regional arrival of modern Homo sapiens. In fact, these traits were likely passed down to the modern human gene poolthrough interbreeding between the two species. We know this likely happened because DNA extracted from the Denisovan teeth in Siberia had genes shared with modern humans, among them one that is common in Tibetans, allowing them to live at high altitudes with low oxygen levels.
Scientists were always puzzled about how Tibetan populations came to carry a Denisovan gene seeing as the Siberian cave wasn’t at a high altitude. The new findings have now connected the dots.
In the future, the team of researchers, which includes members from Lanzhou University in China and the Max Planck Institute in Germany, hopes to find further Denisovan fossils in China which might still hold viable DNA.
View of the virtual reconstruction of the jawbone after digital removal of the adhering carbonate crust. The jawbone is so well preserved that it allows for a virtual reconstruction of the two sides of the mandible.
ShutterstockEen illustratief beeld van een asteroïde die langs de Aarde passeert.
WETENSCHAPDe Aarde krijgt over 10 jaar het bezoek van een enorme asteroïde. Apophis – genoemd naar de Egyptische god van de chaos – is met zijn doorsnede van 340 meter groter dan de Eiffeltoren en zal ons op een afstand van 31.000 kilometer passeren. Dat lijkt misschien ver, maar in astronomische termen is dat ‘rakelings’. Meer nog, het is de hoogte waarop enkele van onze satellieten rond de Aarde draaien. Volgens de NASA is de kans op een inslag evenwel ‘miniem’.
13 april 2029 is de dag dat het zal gebeuren. Wie dan naar de hemel kijkt, zal Apophis zelfs zonder telescoop kunnen waarnemen. Als een lichtpuntje dat steeds helderder en sneller zal worden en door de hemel zal suizen. Volgens de NASA – die de kans dat het ooit tot een inslag komt, schat op minder dan 1 op 100.000 – is het vooral een opportuniteit om zo’n groot hemellichaam van erg dichtbij te bestuderen. De meeste asteroïden die de Aarde passeren zijn veel kleiner.
De NASA verspreidde deze week een animatie van de passage van Apophis. Daarop is te zien hoe de asteroïde dichterbij komt dan sommige van onze satellieten die rond de Aarde draaien (aangeduid als blauwe stippen), maar nog niet in de buurt zit van het internationaal ruimtestation ISS (te zien als een paarse stip). Het ISS vliegt immers op een hoogte van ongeveer 400 kilometer.
“De passage van Apophis in 2029 wordt in elk geval een enorme opportuniteit voor de wetenschap”, zegt Marina Brozovic, een radarwetenschapper van het Jet Propulsion Laboratory van de NASA. Ze houdt zich bezig met de studie van ruimteobjecten in de buurt van de Aarde door middel van radars. “We zullen Apophis bestuderen met optische telescopen en radartelescopen. Met die laatste zullen we details kunnen zien aan de oppervlakte van de asteroïde van amper een paar meter groot.”
De asteroïde zal op de avond van 13 april – net voor middernacht Belgische tijd – op zijn dichtste punt bij de Aarde komen. Hij zal dan over de Atlantische Oceaan vliegen. Maar volgens de NASA zou hij in de uren daarvoor en daarna ook zichtbaar moeten zijn aan de hemel. Eerst in Australië en laatst in de Verenigde Staten, want hij zal zich naar het westen bewegen. Volgens de NASA zal hij snel vliegen en een afstand van de breedte van de maan afleggen in minder dan een minuut.
Hoewel de kans op een inslag miniem is – bij de ontdekking 15 jaar geleden werd ze nog berekend op 2,7 procent, maar intussen is ze bijgesteld tot minder dan 1 op 100.000 dat het óóit tot een botsing komt – zal de passage vermoedelijk wel een impact hebben op de asteroïde zelf. Op de baan die de asteroïde volgt, bijvoorbeeld, en op de manier waarop de asteroïde draait. Volgens de NASA zouden er zelfs kleine lawines kunnen ontstaan aan het oppervlak van het hemellichaam.
Ruimtetuig
Wetenschappers zitten deze week samen op de Planetary Defense Conference in het Amerikaanse Maryland om te bespreken hoe ze - vanuit wetenschappelijk oogpunt - het meeste uit de bijzondere passage kunnen halen. Er wordt zelfs besproken of het aangewezen is om er een ruimtetuig naartoe te sturen.
Apophis is gecategoriseerd als 1 van bijna 2.000 bekende ‘potentieel gevaarlijke asteroïden’. Door hem te bestuderen in 2029 hopen wetenschappers belangrijke info te verzamelen die ooit gebruikt kan worden voor het verdedigen van onze planeet tegen de potentiële inslag van een ander hemellichaam.
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IN BEELD. Zo ziet zonsopgang en zonsondergang op Mars eruit - HLN.be
IN BEELD. Zo ziet zonsopgang en zonsondergang op Mars eruit - HLN.be
NASA/JPL-Caltech
WETENSCHAPDe Marslander InSight van de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA heeft beelden naar de Aarde gestuurd van een zonsopgang en een zonsondergang op de Rode Planeet.
De beelden werden een week geleden genomen met een camera op de robotarm van het ruimtetuig, op de 145ste sol van de missie. Een sol is een dag op Mars. Die duurt 24 uur, 39 minuten en 32,5 seconden, wat ongeveer 2,7 procent langer is dan een dag op Aarde.
De beelden van de zonsopgang werden genomen rond 5.30 uur lokale tijd op Mars, die van de zonsondergang om 18.30 uur. Een camera onder het dek van de Marslander maakte ook mooie beelden van de wolken in de lucht rond zonsondergang.
De zon op Mars ziet er overigens een stuk kleiner uit dan op Aarde en dat is logisch. De afstand van de zon tot de Aarde is 150 miljoen kilometer, de afstand van de zon tot Mars 228 miljoen kilometer. Die grotere afstand maakt dat de zon er op Mars een derde kleiner uitziet dan bij ons. (lees hieronder verder)
NASA/JPL-Caltech
Een beeld van de wolken rond de Marslander.
NASA/JPL-Caltech
Een beeld van een zonsopgang op Mars.
NASA/JPL-Caltech
En zo ziet een zonsondergang eruit vanop de plaats waar de InSight zich bevindt.
Het was eigenlijk al de tweede keer dat de InSight dergelijke beelden nam. Op 2 en op 10 maart deed de camera al testopnames.
“Het is een traditie voor missies naar Mars om zonsopgangen en zonsondergangen te fotograferen”, aldus Justin Maki van het Jet Propulsion Laboratory van de NASA in Californië. “We hebben al heel wat van onze belangrijkste beeldvormingsmissies afgewerkt en daarom besloten we dat de tijd gekomen was om de traditie in eer te houden.”
Viking
De allereerste missie die zulke beelden naar de Aarde stuurde, was de Viking 1-lander. Die toonde voor het eerst een zonsondergang op 21 augustus 1976. Viking 2 maakte foto’s van een zonsopgang op 14 juni 1978. Onder meer ook de Spirit, de Opportunity en de Curiosity deden dat.
The crop circle you see above appeared in 2002 in a field near Crabwood, United Kingdom. It's been well documented, pictured and filmed from multiple helicopters. It's existence and the fact that it happened is not up for debate, who put it there is.
Reflect On:
Who could do something like this? In the dead of night, with no entrance or exit marks, with such precision? Who would have this type of mathematical knowledge, artistry and technology?
Chladni's 'Cymatic' diagrams
Diagram showing a Lambdoma Matrix
Did you know that crop circles are actually real? How they’re made and who or what is making them is up for debate, but the existence of intricate, remarkable and very complex designs that are “sown” into crop fields all around the world is a fact that’s not open for debate. Looking at some of these designs, especially footage taken from a plane or a helicopter, should give you goosebumps. Why? Richard Taylor, a physicist from the University of Oregon, outlines it best. Despite ridiculing any type of ‘supernatural’ explanation for these designs, he states that this is “the most science-oriented art movement in history.” It’s also interesting to note that many of these designs have been studied in a laboratory setting, as some of the nodes of these stalks are blasted out on one side. Not many people know this about crop circles, but the crops are not simply flattened. It’s quite clear that some sort of high level technology is being used. (source) This ‘blasting’ effect has been replicated by highly localized microwave heating, which causes water inside the crop to vaporize and dislodge. As a result, the stock flops completely over to one side. Because of this, Taylor concludes that crop circle artists are usingGPS devices, lasers, and microwaves to create these astonishing patterns of geometric forms due to the measurements he found in his research.
There will always be those who reject some sort of supernatural hypothesis, but for those who actually look deeper into the crop circle phenomenon, it’s hard to argue that something strange isn’t happening. Personally, I would say it’s obvious.
The crop circle you see above appeared in 2002 in a field near Crabwood, United Kingdom. Yes, it was real. It’s been filmed, documented and photographed. There is footage all over the internet. It made a lot of noise as it’s documented in the Crop Circle archives and has been researched by multiple scholars all over the world. Here is some great helicopter footage of the Crabwood circle with Terje Toftenes, an award-winning Norwegian filmmaker and video producer.
HERE is some more astonishing helicopter footage taken by the photographer of the photos posted below, Lucy Pringle. You can see people standing in the crop circle here as well, it’s quite detailed footage.
Who could do something like this? Who could design a binary code and implant a face within a crop in the dead of night in only a few hours, leaving no entrance or exit marks, while being artistically and mathematically precise?
Miia Pitkonen is one of many scholars who have examined this particular circle. He is a physicist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, specializing in medical physics. You can view his curriculum vitae here.
Clearly, he has an interest in this phenomenon because he published a paper titled “Crop Circles and Life at Parallel Space-Time Sheets.” It’s a two part series, and in it he examines the Crapwood crop circle. (source)
He explains:
“Crabwood message consists of two parts. An alien picture and a picture representing spiral like bit sequence starting from the center of the picture and proceeding counterclockwise. It has been proposed [59, 60] that the message is coded using 9-bit code and that 8-bit portions obey ASCII code. With this assumption the message reads as:
‘Beware the bearers of FALSE gifts & their BROKEN PROMISES. Much PAIN but still time. EELI!UVE. There is GOOD out there. We OPpose DECEPTION. Conduit CLOSING’
Obviously there are one or two incomprehensible words involved (EELI!UVE). There are also two variants of the message in the net. OPpose appears at Paul Vigay’s homeopage and Oppose at at Martin Keitel’s homeopage. In the following both options are considered. One could consider the possibility that the message has much deeper layer than the somewhat oracle-like statement in ASCII code, and that the presence of the little inconsistency might be intended to make clear that a deeper level is involved. What these aliens would like to communicate is something very essential about themselves as a life form. The image of an alien accompanying the bit sequence indeed suggests this. This something very essential could obviously include the code for translating ordinary DNA triplets to amino-acids. Perhaps also the code for translating the exotic RNA doublets to the analogs of amino-acids. These analogs could be even electromagnetic waves. There could be also other codes: just at the time when the Crabwood message had arrived I developed entire hierarchy of cognitive codes based on Mersenne primes and regular polygons constructible using only compass and ruler. The first guess is that the message should be represented by some universal code. The appearance of 3 × 3 = 9-bit code words decomposing naturally to 3 sequences of 3-bits suggests that a cognitive code consistent with genetic code might be involved. This guess was very useful in that it led to the identification of the genetic code of exotic RNA and the decomposition of 3 3-bit portions also suggests immediately that information about RNA is in question. It however turned out that ASCII code is the proper manner to interpret the message, ninth bit serves as a separation sign only. The interpretation relies on extremely general aspects of the ASCII code: capital and small letters correspond to amino-acids and capital and small forms of a given letter denote for the same amino-acid. Control signs denote the amino-acidic counterparts for the code associated with the exotic RNA. The ordering of the symbols does not matter. One could also use different kinds of symbols: only the numbers of various kinds of symbols telling how many code words are mapped to a particular amino-acid (or whatever counterpart of it) matter.”
It’s quite complicated, I know. Paul Vigay, a British computer consultant notable for work in developing and supporting RISC OS software and longtime researcher in the field, was the first to discover that the message was encoded in ASCI binary code. He also worked with Mel Gibson on the film Signs, but unfortunately died a very mysteries death.
“Beware the bearers of false gifts and their broken promises. Much pain but still time. (Damaged word.) There is good out there. We oppose deception. Conduit closing (bell sound).”
Below is another great screen shot taken by a helicopter.
Pitkonen’s paper is quite in-depth and states that the makers of this circle, whoever/whatever they are, could be using this type of specific code, and much more. One thing is for certain: Whoever made this circle is extremely artistically, technologically, and mathematically advanced to a point beyond belief.
Below is a screenshot of the last part of his paper expressing the same conclusion that many of us have come to, the realization that something amazing is going on here.
Pitkonen, in his paper, also goes into great detail and analysis regarding a broadcast (known as the “Arecibo” message) that was put together by Carl Sagan and his colleagues in 1974. It was sent into space via radio waves at a special ceremony to celebrate the remodelling of the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico. It was the most powerful broadcast ever deliberately beamed out into space. Directed at a star cluster sitting approximately 25,000 light years away, it consisted of a pictorial message depicting our planet’s location in our solar system, the core principles of our math and science, and the NASA antenna used to transmit the signal in the hopes that it would be interpreted by an extraterrestrial intelligence. The message also included details about human beings, such as our physical appearance and DNA code. The signal was a million times stronger than the typical TV transmission.
27 years later, in 2001, the crop circle phenomenon gained some well-deserved attention when a pattern in the form of a response to the 1974 broadcast appeared right next to Britain’s largest telescope, the Chilbolton, and observatory, home to the world’s largest fully steerable meteorological radar.
The Takeaway
Why are such discoveries and phenomena ridiculed in the mainstream? And when the mainstream does engage in a discussion about the crop circle phenomenon, why don’t they address the facts presented in this article? Why are these considered to be hoaxes when some of the designs are so complicated, precise and complex that they baffle some of the worlds greatest minds? What’s going on here?
There are facts about our reality that are so mind-altering that the human mind, in many cases, will instantly dismiss them. On a collective level, clearly we are all not ready to examine this phenomenon, and no matter how much evidence is in support of it, it always be greeted with ridicule and skepticism.
Something extraordinary is happening here, and it has been happening for years. It could have tremendous implications for humanity as we continue to slowly but surely open our minds to concepts that do not yet fit within the framework of accepted knowledge.
Zijn graancirkels boodschappen uit een verre toekomst? Natuurkundige komt tot opvallende conclusies
Foto: Jabberocky Wikimedia Commons
Zijn graancirkels boodschappen uit een verre toekomst? Natuurkundige komt tot opvallende conclusies
Miia Pitkonen van het Helsinki University Central Hospital in Finland heeft uitgebreid onderzoek gedaan naar graancirkels. De natuurkundige komt tot een aantal opmerkelijke conclusies.
In één van zijn papersstelt hij dat de media graancirkels vaak afschilderen als een hoax. Maar dit kan niet het geval zijn, aldus Pitkonen.
Tijdens zijn onderzoek ontdekte hij bijvoorbeeld dat de groeiknoppen van gewassen tijdens het ontstaan van graancirkels exploderen als gevolg van microgolven.
Plasmabollen
Verder is meteorisch materiaal gevonden in graancirkels, wat volgens Pitkonen absoluut onmogelijk is als ze worden gemaakt door mensen.
Hij merkt op dat graancirkels vooral ontstaan in gebieden waar de bodem rijk is aan calciumcarbonaat (krijt). Dit helpt de omgeving elektrisch te laden, stelt de natuurkundige.
De meest eenvoudige graancirkels doen denken aan de zelforganiserende patronen van plasma, zegt hij.
Er zijn in weilanden voor en na het ontstaan van graancirkels kleine plasmabollen waargenomen.
Bewuste en intelligente entiteit
Pitkonen stelt dat er een link is tussen graancirkels en de ionosfeer. Hij maakt hieruit op dat ieder levend systeem, zelfs planten, een magnetisch lichaam heeft, en dat de magnetosfeer een bewuste en intelligente entiteit is.
Om die reden kunnen we graancirkels zien als een poging van magnetosferische bewuste entiteiten om aan ons te laten zien dat ze bestaan.
Pitkonen heeft zich voornamelijk verdiept in twee fascinerende graanformaties: Chilbolton en Crabwood.
Verre toekomst
Beide formaties kunnen worden gezien als boodschap van een intelligente beschaving die mogelijk in een parallelle ruimtetijd in ons zonnestelsel leeft, zegt hij.
Hij denkt dat de boodschappen afkomstig zijn uit een verre toekomst en gaan over genetische codes van toekomstige beschavingen die in het zonnestelsel leven.
Deze beschavingen kunnen op aarde, maar ook op Mars en Jupiter of diep in planeten leven, besluit Pitkonen.
Ik werd ingezet om buitenaardse schepen te bergen. Amerikaanse sergeant doet boekje open
Ik werd ingezet om buitenaardse schepen te bergen. Amerikaanse sergeant doet boekje open
Enige tijd geleden was de Amerikaanse sergeant Clifford Stone te gast bij Coast to Coast AM. Het gesprek is nu gratis te beluisteren in onderstaande video.
Stone beweert te hebben deelgenomen aan topgeheime missies waarbij gecrashte UFO’s werden geborgen.
Hij zei geregeld niet-menselijke levensvormen te hebben gezien tijdens zijn werkzaamheden.
TOI’s
Volgens Stone zijn er andere getuigen die kunnen bevestigen wat hij heeft gezien, maar ‘die zijn te bang om te praten’.
Hij vertelde dat zijn eenheid zogeheten TOI’s (Tracks of Interest) in de gaten moest houden. Een aantal daarvan bevond zich in de diepe ruimte.
“In sommige gevallen ging het om schepen die niet afkomstig waren van deze planeet,” verklaarde Stone.
Buitenaardse schepen bewegen zich volgens hem op een andere manier voort.
Wormgaten
“Toen we ze voor het eerst zagen, zeiden we dat het onmogelijk was omdat ze snelheden bereikten van 11.000 tot 14.000 kilometer per uur en er geen sonic boom te horen was,” zei hij.
We weten nu dat hun vaartuigen de ruimtetijd vervormen met behulp van antizwaartekracht-aandrijving, aldus Stone.
Hij onthulde verder dat ze via wormgaten reizen en dat een tripje naar een zonnestelsel op 100 lichtjaar hierdoor maar een uur en 40 minuten hoeft te duren.
Handboek
Stone ging tijdens het gesprek dieper in op een incident in Augusta in Georgia in 1973. Daar ging hij naar eigen zeggen een vaartuig binnen met een diameter van ongeveer 11 meter.
Tot zijn verbazing merkte hij dat het schip van binnen een stuk groter was, wat erop wees dat er ‘multidimensionale realiteiten in het schip bestonden’.
Stone zei verder dat zijn eenheid tijdens missies een handboek meenam waarin 57 verschillende buitenaardse soorten waren gedocumenteerd.
They Hid Something in the Mars Rover That No One Knows About
They Hid Something in the Mars Rover That No One Knows About
There is more to the story of Mars than they will ever admit. When NASA received the first pictures of Mars they immediately started tweaking them, even changing the color of the sky from blue to red.
They have been trying to convince us for 40 years that there is no life or even signs of past life but the evidence suggests otherwise.
One of the most interesting stories here regards a technicians who downloaded the Mars rover data, he found images that were not on the original hard drive, are they storing data on a different one and not sharing the data?
WW3: Russian Navy 'Spy Whale' Freed - Weapons of Russia
WW3: Russian Navy 'Spy Whale' Freed - Weapons of Russia
This “spy” beluga whale was found off the coast of Norway with a GoPro harness. Scientists believe escaped from the Russian navy.
We talked to the Norwegian marine biologist who freed a beluga whale from a harness that said “Equipment of St. Petersburg.”
A beluga wearing a bizarre harness appeared in Norwegian waters last week, sparking questions about Russia’s history of training whales for the military.
A strange mariner’s tale is unfolding in a remote Norwegian fishing village. Far above the Arctic Circle, near the small island of Ingøya, a white whale wearing a sort of harness was spotted last Thursday. Vice
2nd video WW3: Russian new weapon missile 27 times faster than speed of sound will beat all air defenses – Russia’s new strategic weapon has rendered any missile defenses useless at a small fraction of their cost, officials said Thursday.
They’re named for a cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia where the remains of five members of an extinct species humans were found in 2010 among the bones of modern humans and Neanderthals. Studies of modern human genomes show there was interbreeding between these species, but there has been no evidence of Densiovans in South Africa, Nigeria, France, Papua New Guinea and China where Denisovan DNA has been found in modern humans. That may change with the discovery of a Denisovan jawbone in a cave in Tibet. How did this Denisovan get to Tibet over 160,000 years ago … and how did the species survive at 10,000 feet (3,280 meters) above sea level with little or no resources, heat or oxygen?
“The Xiahe specimen provides direct evidence of the Denisovans outside the Altai Mountains and its analysis unique insights into Denisovan mandibular and dental morphology. Our results indicate that archaic hominins occupied the Tibetan Plateau in the Middle Pleistocene epoch and successfully adapted to high-altitude hypoxic environments long before the regional arrival of modern Homo sapiens.”
In a new study published in the journal Nature, an international team of researchers explain how the bone was found in 1980 by a Buddhist monk who entered the Baishya Karst Cave near Xiahe, Tibet, to pray. Instead, he found a jawbone that was eventually turned over to anthropologists who put in in their overflowing bones in-box until 2010 when Dongju Zhang, an archaeologist at Lanzhou University in China, picked it up. She eventually traced it to the cave, where she found tools and signs of humans.
Denisova Cave in Siberia
Dongju Zhang circulated photos and information about her discovery and eventually formed a team to study it. the jawbone had rock embedded in it containing uranium, which allowed them to date it to 160,000 years ago. While there was no DNA, there were ancient proteins in the teeth which were a match to the Denisovans of Siberia. How did this Denisovan, who was estimated by the size of the jawbone to be a very large adult, survive in the harsh conditions and thin air of Tibet?
It turns out they survived the same way modern Tibetans do – they had a variant of a gene called EPAS1 that reduces the amount of the oxygen-carrying but blood-thickening protein hemoglobin in their blood, enabling them to live at high altitudes with low oxygen levels. Denisova Cave in Siberia is at a much lower altitude (700 meters), so it appears the Tibetan Denisovans evolved the gene and then passed it down to modern humans … which means there was definitely some interbreeding going down on the higher up.
When and how did all of this happen? That’s just one of the many puzzles about the mysterious Denisovans that remain to be solved. The researchers suggest that the answers may not be in another cave but in a dusty box in a storage room where old bones are kept until someone has the time and budget to examine them. They’re scanning databases to search for possible candidates that can be compared to the Denisovan fossils … and may possibly have the missing link of ancient DNA.
All three genomes – Denisovan, Neanderthal and ancient human – are found in modern humans, which means we’re the end result of a prehistoric ménage à trois or two. Will we ever find out which one made the first move?
The team was able to identify this partial mandible as Denisovan by analyzing its degraded proteins.
Has the Apollo 10 lunar module finally been found? Astronomers believe they have located NASA's probe left in orbit 50 years ago - and now they want to bring it back to Earth
Has the Apollo 10 lunar module finally been found? Astronomers believe they have located NASA's probe left in orbit 50 years ago - and now they want to bring it back to Earth
In 1969, the Apollo 10 crew ejected the lunar module, named Snoopy, from the command module into orbit, never to be seen again – or so they thought
Astronomer Nick Howes, along with flight controllers, space dynamics experts and astronauts from the Apollo program, have spent years looking for it
The team believe they may have found the four-meter wide vehicle
Now all they need is someone with the expertise to go and retrieve it
The Apollo 10 mission was a dress rehearsal for the Apollo 11 moon landing, which took place two months later in July 1969
A team of British astronomers believe they may have located the lunar module from NASA's Apollo 10 mission - fifty years after the crew released the probe into a perpetual orbit around the Sun.
The lunar module is one of the greatest surviving relics of the moon landings and scientists want to devise a way to retrieve it as it orbits some 50,000ft above the lunar surface.
At the time of the mission in 1969, Tom Stafford, a member of the Apollo 10 crew radioed back to Houston from his own orbit around Moon that the crew had completely lost sight of the probe after they jettisoned it from their command module.
In 1969, the Apollo 10 crew jettisoned the lunar module 'Snoopy' from the Apollo command module into an orbit never to be seen again – or so they thought. The command module is pictured here on the far side of the moon
The Apollo 11 Lunar Module is pictured gathering data on the moon's surface. It's sister from the Apollo 10 mission is still circling the moon and scientists believe it could be brought back
Apollo 11 Lunar Module in landing configuration, as viewed from Command & Service Module. The similar module from Apollo 10 is still somewhere out there but may have been spotted
American astronauts and crew of the Apollo 10 mission, from left, Lunar Module pilot Eugene Cernan (1934-2017), Command Module pilot John Young and Commander Thomas P Stafford pose together in front of a Command Module during training in November 1968
The view of earth taken from the Apollo 10 space ship showing the peninsula of Baja, California, seen through swirling clouds
Astronomer Nick Howes, pictured, along with flight controllers, space dynamics experts and astronauts from the Apollo program have spent years looking for the lunar module and believe they may have found it
'We don't have any idea where he went. He just went boom and it disappeared right into the Sun,' Stafford said.
The lunar module, nicknamed Snoopy, was thought to be lost forever, though the search intrigued many back on Earth who felt that one day they might be able to find this tiny needle in a cosmic haystack.
At just four meters wide, it was always going to be a long shot but Nick Howes, a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, along with legendary flight controllers, space dynamics experts and astronauts from the Apollo program, have spent a number of years in a calculated hunt for the probe.
The team now believe that they may have found it and according to The Times all they need is someone with the expertise to go and retrieve it.
The Apollo 10 mission was launched in May 1969 as a dress rehearsal for the Apollo 11 moon landing. Stafford and Cernan descended in the Lunar Module (pictured) to within 9 miles of the surface of the Moon
Left to right; Eugene Cernan, John Young and Thomas Stafford standing in spacesuits in front of the Saturn V rocket carried the Apollo 10 spacecraft. The Apollo 10 Lunar Module was code-named Snoopy and the Command Module, Charlie Brown
Space expert Ed Buckbee, left, and Apollo 10 astronauts Tom Stafford and Euene Cernan are pictured in 2010. The crew lost sight of the lunar module after they jettisoned it into space
Howes believes someone with 'expertise' like Elon Musk, pictured, the founder of SpaceX might somehow be able to bring the lunar module back to Earth
All the other craft that were used during the Apollo missions were either fired into the Moon for seismology experiments or jettisoned to burn up in the Earth's atmosphere.
Snoopy, however, was used as practice run for the Apollo 11 lunar landing, which would take place two months after Apollo 10 in July 1969.
Two of the three astronauts transferred into it as it drifted nine miles above the Moon's surface. The pair then moved back into the command module. The mission was deemed a success.
Snoopy was fired off and left to drift in orbit around the sun forever with no realistic way to track it.
Then, eight years ago, Howes began a project to try and locate the last surviving module and managed to get astronomers from around the world to focus their telescopes on regions of the moon where he calculated it may pass though.
The inside of Apollo 10. The craft, which had the call sign Charlie Brown, traveled approximately 500,000 miles during the eight-day mission and exceeded 24,790 mph on its return to Earth
The two astronauts are pictured inside their Command Module as part of their mission
He even persuaded schools to get on board and help analyse the data.
'The approximate distance it travels in its orbit is 940 million kilometers. When you are looking for something four meters wide and the last reliable data you've got on it is 50 years ago, it's a bit tricky,' he told The Times.
But against the odds, it seems the astronomers have found this unique piece of space junk after spotting an object that looked 'odd'.
'It was a strange anomalous object in approximately the right orbit and exactly the right size. The radar data was completely whack, as one astronomer put it. It was like nothing we've ever seen. We're 99 percent convinced we've got it,' said Howes.
Apollo 10, carrying astronauts Thomas Stafford, Eugene Cernan and John Young was launched on 18th May 1969 on a lunar orbital mission, the dress rehearsal for the Apollo 11 Moon landing mission which took place two months later
Apollo 10 astronauts inside spacecraft before closing the hatch in May 1969. Now a team in 2019 believe they may have found the four-meter wide lunar module
Apollo 10 astronauts (left to right): Eugene Cernan, Thomas Stafford and John Young, stand smiling in door of helicopter which landed them aboard the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Princeton after their successful splashdown May 26th 1969
But even the strongest telescope is unable to see an object so small at that range. The only real way to verify if the object is indeed the lunar module is to go back up there and take a look.
Howes believes there is a strong argument for doing so.
'To recover one lunar module that is intact would be, I feel, quite special. The quality of engineering that went in to the Apollo program would probably mean that if power was restored you may even be able to fire up some of the systems.
'What I'm hoping is someone like Elon Musk can develop something and capture it and bring it back down.'
Apollo 10 ‘Snoopy’ Lunar Lander May Have Been Found
In 1969, the Apollo 10 crew jettisoned the lunar module 'Snoopy' from the Apollo command module into an orbit never to be seen again – or so they thought. The command module is pictured here on the far side of the moon
Apollo 10 ‘Snoopy’ Lunar Lander May Have Been Found
Before there was Apollo 11 and its historic first steps by a human on the Moon, there was Apollo 10 – when a crew and NASA support team obsessed with the Peanut cartoon strip sent a command module named Charlie Brown and a lunar module named Snoopy. While Charlie Brown carried the three crew members back safely to Earth, Snoopy was left behind in space and has become a treasure for astronomers both pro and amateur to search for. That hunt is over as Snoopy has been found in, still in orbit – not around the Moon but the Sun. These astronomers think NASA, or perhaps Elon Musk, should mount a mission to bring Snoopy home. They face objections from those who believe it would cost too much … and those who don’t believe Apollo 10 or any of the Apollo missions actually occurred.
“We don’t have any idea where he went. He just went boom and it disappeared right into the Sun.”
Apollo 10 crew members: left to right, Eugene Cernan, Tom Stafford and John Young
(NASA)
Eighty-eight-year-old Thomas Stafford is the last surviving member of the Apollo 10 crew and thought he’d never see Snoopy again after descending in it (with Eugene Cernan) to 15,000 meters above the surface, then jettisoning the descent module and returning to the command module, where they jettisoned Snoopy before heading home. The LM is only 4 meters wide and the only thing known about it was when and where it was jettisoned into a heliocentric orbit, but that was enough for British astronomer Nick Howes, who eight years ago began teaming up with with flight controllers, space dynamics experts and astronauts from the Apollo program to search for it.
“It was a strange anomalous object in approximately the right orbit and exactly the right size. The radar data was completely whack, as one astronomer put it. It was like nothing we’ve ever seen. We’re 99 percent convinced we’ve got it.”
Unfortunately, “strange anomalous object” is the best description Howes can give of what he and many others strongly believe is Snoopy. He, along with many space experts, space historians, former astronauts and others, believe that a mission should be sent to confirm the identification and bring Snoopy back.
“To recover one lunar module that is intact would be, I feel, quite special. The quality of engineering that went in to the Apollo program would probably mean that if power was restored you may even be able to fire up some of the systems. What I’m hoping is someone like Elon Musk can develop something and capture it and bring it back down.”
Would that convince doubters that the Apollo missions actually were real and not an elaborate hoax staged at some secret location – a large group of people whose number continues to grow?
“The thing that concerns me more and more about this is, as time passes and the Apollo landings are farther into the past and fewer people remember them, it might be easier to embrace these kinds of ideas.”
In a recent NASA presentation, Roger Launius, a former senior official at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum and author of the new book, “Apollo’s Legacy: Perspectives on the Moon Landings,” expressed concern that 5% of Americans believe the Apollo moon landings were fakedand that percentage is growing fast. Launius blames this on a number of factors: Americans are getting dumber, Americans don’t trust their government agencies, Americans love conspiracy theories and Americans love profiting from the nativity of other Americans. He offers one way to try and convince these skeptics that there was no Apollo hoax: point out that our Cold War enemies and space race competitors, the Soviet Union, have never doubted the Moon landings.
“They had both the capability and the desire to disprove this, if it was true — you know, if we hadn’t landed on the moon but were faking it. And they never said a word. That’s a pretty strong element to me.”
Well, until recently at least. Dmitry Rogozin, the Director General of Roscosmos, has stated that one part of his space agency’s next moon mission will be to “verify whether they’ve been there or not.”
Will finding the Apollo 10 Snoopy module convince lunar landing doubters? When given the choice between believing “me or your lying eyes,” conspiracy theorists seem to continue to side with the conspiracists.
The Indian Army has discovered large footprints close to the Makalu Base Camp in North-Eastern Himalayas that could have possibly been made by a Yeti. The army’s Mountaineering Expedition team located the gigantic footprints on April 9, 2019, that measured 32 inches by 15 inches. They were found close to the Makalu Barun National Park which is located in Nepal and is coincidentally the same location where the creature has allegedly been seen in the past.
The Yeti, which is also known as the Abominable Snowman and the Asian Bigfoot, is believed to live in the Himalayas and there have been several reported sightings of the creature over the years, although there has yet to be any definitive proof of its existence. Yetis are said to be over 6 feet tall and can weigh anywhere from 91 to 181 kilograms (200 to 400 pounds).
The Additional Directorate General of Public Information (ADG-PI) tweeted the photos of the footprints which can be seen here.
Photo of Yeti footprints tweeted by the Indian Army
Unfortunately for the army, they have not received the support they were expecting when they posted the pictures of the footprints online and instead received much ridicule. Since the footprints were one in front of the other (instead of side-by-side), some users said that it was a “yeti catwalk” and that whatever made the footprints must have been “hopping”. Some joked about it being a “mythological one-legged creature”.
Needless to say, the Indian Army has become a popular topic over the last several days, but not in a good way, as one online user asked the army to “delete this tweet to avoid international embarrassment of India.” Another person wrote, “This is deeply, deeply embarrassing: whoever in the Indian Army’s PR has circulated this is disgracing the institution, and India, in the world’s eyes.” Click here to read more of the tweets.
If the past is any indication, the footprints were most likely made from a bear. In 2017, researchers collected 24 “Yeti” samples which included hair, skin, bones, and feces, but after studies were conducted on the samples, it was concluded that they came from a Himalayan brown bear and a black bear.
A few years before that, in 2014, researchers tested 30 hair samples that were believed to have came from a Yeti but instead came from several other animals, including bears and dogs.
While the footprints were probably created by a bear, the mystery of the Yeti continues to fascinate and excite those who believe the creature does exist.
ADG PI - INDIAN ARMY✔@adgpi
For the first time, an #IndianArmy Moutaineering Expedition Team has sited Mysterious Footprints of mythical beast 'Yeti' measuring 32x15 inches close to Makalu Base Camp on 09 April 2019. This elusive snowman has only been sighted at Makalu-Barun National Park in the past.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
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