UFOs shooting each other over New Mexico?

This UFO video was filmed back in October 2019 but it was just today uploaded to MUFON’s website. This strange event happened over Carrales, a village in Sandoval County, New Mexico.

Witness report:

 “Orbs shooting at each other. I saw 4 to 5 orbs stationary for a minute or so before I began to film. The orbs stayed stationary and then would fade in and out they also appeared to shoot something at each other.”

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/  }

01-06-2020 om 21:25 geschreven door peter  

Archaeologists in Luzon Island have turned up the bones of a distantly related species, Homo luzonensis, further expanding the human family tree.

 By Carl Zimmer

In a cave in the Philippines, scientists have discovered a new branch of the human family tree.

At least 50,000 years ago, an extinct human species lived on what is now the island of Luzon, researchers reported on Wednesday. It’s possible that Homo luzonensis, as they’re calling the species, stood less than three feet tall.

The discovery adds growing complexity to the story of human evolution. It was not a simple march forward, as it once seemed. Instead, our lineage assumed an exuberant burst of strange forms along the way.

Our species, Homo sapiens, now inhabits a comparatively lonely world.

“The more fossils that people pull out of the ground, the more we realize that the variation that was present in the past far exceeds what we see in us today,” said Matthew Tocheri, a paleoanthropologist at Lakehead University in Canada, who was not involved in the new discovery.

In the early 2000s, Armand Salvador Mijares, a graduate student at the University of the Philippines, was digging at Callao Cave, on Luzon, for traces of the first farmers on the Philippines. Soon, he decided to dig a little deeper.

Researchers on the Indonesian island of Flores had discovered the bones of an extraordinary humanlike species about 60,000 years old. The scientists named it Homo floresiensis.

Some features were similar to ours, but in other ways Homo floresiensis more closely resembled other hominins (the term scientists use for modern humans and other species in our lineage).

Homo floresiensis was able to make stone tools, for example. But the adults stood only three feet high and had tiny brains. This strange combination led to debates about who, exactly, were their ancestors.

The oldest fossils of hominins, dating back over six million years, have all been found in Africa. For millions of years, hominins were short, small-brained, bipedal apes.

Starting about 2.5 million years ago, one lineage of African hominins began to evolve new traits — a flatter face, bigger brains and a taller body, among other features. These hominins were the first known members of our own genus, Homo.

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Only later, about 1.8 million years ago, do the first fossils of Homo appear outside of Africa. One common species was Homo erectus, a species that spread to East and Southeast Asia. The youngest Homo erectus fossils, discovered in Indonesia, may be just 143,000 years old.

Our own lineage kept evolving in Africa. Homo sapiens emerged about 300,000 years ago, and only 100,000 years ago did we start leaving the continent. By 50,000 years ago, our species had reached Australia. (Some researchers believe that date should be pushed back to 65,000 years ago.)

One hypothesis, then, is that Homo floresiensis evolved from Homo erectus. So here was the question for Philippine archaeologists: Could hominins have reached Luzon as well as Flores?

“That inspired me to go back and go deep,” Dr. Mijares, now a professor at the University of the Philippines, said in an interview.

In 2007, he returned to Callao Cave. As his team dug into the cave floor, the researchers hit a layer of bones. At first, Dr. Mijares was disappointed by the fossils, which mostly belonged to deer and other mammals.

But when Philip Piper, an archaeologist at the University of the Philippines, later sorted through the finds, he noticed one that resembled a human foot bone. It was small, Dr. Mijares said, “and there was something weird about it.” But not much more could be learned from a single bone.

In 2011, on another dig, he and his colleagues found more humanlike fossils, including teeth, part of a femur and hand bones. In 2015, they found two more molars, which they dated to at least 50,000 years ago.

All told, the fossils came from three individuals. And they were remarkable.

The teeth had a peculiar shape. Some of the front teeth had three roots, for example, whereas those of our species usually only have just one. And the teeth were tiny.

“These adult teeth are smaller than any hominin known,” said Debbie Argue, a paleoanthropologist at Australian National University who was not involved in the new study.

“Could it be that these teeth belonged to adults that were even smaller than Homo floresiensis?” she wondered.

The researchers didn’t find enough bones to estimate how tall Homo luzonensis stood. But they do display their own strange mix of traits. One toe bone, for example, looks nearly identical to those of early hominins living in Africa more than three million years ago.

“The combination of features is like nothing we have seen before,” said María Martinón-Torres, the director of Spain’s National Research Center on Human Evolution, who was not involved in the new study.

Taken together, Dr. Mijares and his colleagues concluded, the evidence pointed to a new species of Homo.

Drawing such a conclusion from a few bones is risky, acknowledged Huw Groucutt, a paleoanthropologist at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology.

Nevertheless, “I think the argument for a new species does look pretty convincing in this case,” he said.

Homo erectus may have been the ancestor of the tiny hominins on both Flores and Luzon — perhaps swept to the islands by storms, clinging to trees. It may even be possible that Homo luzonensis descended from hominins that came to Luzon hundreds of thousands of years earlier.

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Last year, another team of scientists digging in a different cave on Luzon found the bones of a butchered rhinoceros. Near those remains, they also discovered stone tools dating back 700,000 years.

At the very least, the two studies indicate there were hominins on Luzon 700,000 years ago and 50,000 years ago. The question now is whether they belonged to the same population.

“I think it’s likely the same lineage,” said Gert van den Bergh, an archaeologist at the University of Wollongong in Australia and co-author of last year’s study. Over the next several hundred thousand years, he speculated, Homo erectus shrank as it adapted to life on Luzon.

Dr. Tocheri disagreed with that interpretation.

“I don’t really buy into the idea that it’s island-dwarfed Homo erectus,” he said. Instead, he suggests, the tiny island hominins had tiny ancestors — perhaps small hominins in Africa that expanded to Asia and wound up on Flores and Luzon, taking refuge from bigger hominins.

“But it begs the question,” Dr. Tocheri added. “If we’re finding these things way over there, there’s got to be a record of them all the way across the continent leading back to Africa.”

Sorting through these possibilities will demand more fossils of Homo luzonensis — and perhaps fossils from some of the many islands off the coast of Southeast Asia.

“I see it as an amazing opportunity to see several parallel experiments in human evolution on these islands,” Dr. van den Bergh said.

{ https://www.nytimes.com/ }

01-06-2020 om 01:27 geschreven door peter  

SPACEX AND NASA HAVE DONE IT! A CREWED MISSION HAS SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHED FROM U.S. SOIL

At precisely 3:22 p.m. on Saturday, May 30, 2020, a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule — with astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley inside — took off from NASA’s historic Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A, bound for the International Space Station.

While the two astronauts are bringing important scientific experiments to the ISS, the most important piece of cargo was themselves.

As the first astronauts to fly into space through a private company’s rockets, they mark a new era for spaceflight with this mission, known as Demo-2. The launch marked the end of a nine-year period in which the US had to rely on Russia to send astronauts to space and back.

The launch on Saturday was the second attempt at history; a Wednesday effort was scrubbed due to poor weather in Florida.

Astronauts Behnken and Hurley began their 19-hour journey to the ISS.

As they continued skyward, the first stage of the Falcon 9 rocket returned to Earth to land on the droneship Of Course I Still Love You, which is floating about 90 miles off the coast of Florida in the Atlantic Ocean.

While the live feed of the first stage of the rocket approaching the droneship cut out, when the shot returned, it showed the first stage of the rocket standing upright on the droneship, a perfect landing. (This hasn't always been the case):

"It is absolutely our honor to be part of this huge effort to get the United States back in the launch business. We'll talk to you from orbit," said NASA astronaut Doug Hurley a few minutes before launch. A few minutes later, they were traveling at more than 5,600 miles per hour toward the ISS.

At 3:35 p.m., the Crew Dragon capsule separated from the second stage of the Falcon 9 on its way to ISS. It would be powered by 12 Draco rocket thrusters for the rest of the journey:

THE MISSION HAS BEEN A LONG TIME COMING for both NASA and SpaceX. Neither the government nor the company wanted to pass up the moment. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk were side-by-side during interviews leading up to the launch, each expressing their excitement for the public-private partnership and what it could mean for the future of space exploration.

"We want to inspire kids to say that one day, they want to wear that uniform, that spacesuit" Musk said. “What today is about is reigniting the dream of space, and getting people fired up about the future. It’s one of those things—everyone from all walks of life, from all parts of the political spectrum, in the United States and elsewhere, should be really excited that this is a thing made by humans, for humans.”

The excitement from NASA was similar. “We need a new generation of Elon Musks,” Bridenstine said. “I think we’re going to see these models of doing business with public-private partnerships apply not just to low Earth orbit, which is what we’re doing today, but we’re taking this model onto the Moon, and even to Mars.” Demo-2 kicks off NASA's Commercial Crew Program, which will send astronauts into space through partnerships with SpaceX and Boeing, whose Starliner capsule launch date is currently unclear.

Streaming viewers heard astronauts call out to “SpaceX,” as opposed to the more familiar “Houston” of past launches.

The pomp that would normally come with a historic launch was also somewhat dampened, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Although Benkhen and Hurley nodded to Musk’s several companies by taking Tesla Model X cars to the runway, many SpaceX engineers who have spent years working towards this moment were unable to attend.

INTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS — That SpaceX is an American company was made loud and clear throughout the runup to the launch. #LaunchAmerica was the hashtag of the week, which hammered home the international implications of the launch. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the revamped Russian space program, Roscosmos, has enjoyed a strong relationship with NASA.

It’s a relationship between political adversaries that has held steady even at moments of great tension. It’s also a relationship that has earned Russia millions of dollars — a seat on a Russian Soyuz rocket costs $90 million — and one the United States believes could be done with greater cost efficiency and in-country.

It’s a consideration that Musk could appreciate. His decision to build SpaceX rockets in America came in 2001, after he tried to buy Russian rockets but balked at the price tag.

In the future, NASA hopes to maintain its rocket diplomacy by trading seats with Russia.

"If we don't launch on their rockets and they don't launch on our rockets, we could end up in a situation where the only people on the space station would be Americans or the only people on the space station would be Russian," Bridenstine told news site Axios earlier this year.

On Saturday after the launch, Bridenstine gushed, "we have done it." President Donald Trump flew to Florida on Air Force One to witness the launch. President Trump became the first sitting president to watch a space launch live since Bill Clinton.

• This story developing and was last updated at 3:59 p.m. on Saturday, May 30, 2020.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

01-06-2020 om 01:07 geschreven door peter  

Project Doorway Revealed! Aliens Operate Within The Visual Spectrum 'We Cannot See'

Non-Human Operate Within The Visual Spectrum ‘We Cannot See’ The new study program known as ‘Project Doorway’ is revealing information for the very first time which can be disturbing for some people. Do we need to re-address the extraterrestrial hypothesis?

We have been manipulated for thousands of years by a phenomena that has many masks. But now we are starting to find fascinating information in regards ‘their’ capabilities and metaphysics. They have always been here will us, right under our very noses!

Presented by Steve Mera and Barry Fitzgerald All content on this channel is licensed, and or produced by Zohar Entertainment Group/Awakening Expo/Phenomena Magazine.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/  }

31-05-2020 om 23:11 geschreven door peter  

Secret Space Interplanetary Defense & Reaction Forces... The Most Sensitive Program!

Specialised training was involved in how to react to the sight of large reptilian type aliens beings. Plans and agreements had to be drawn up because our moon was already occupied. Now with bases on the planet Mars, there are new challenges. Incredible disclosure on a space program far beyond secret!

Host – Jay Weidner
Guest – Jason Rice 

All content on this channel is licensed, and or produced by Zohar Entertainment Group/Awakening Expo/Phenomena Magazine.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/  }

31-05-2020 om 22:57 geschreven door peter  

Lost Antarctica Ancient Humans - 5 Most Mysterious Discoveries Made To Blow Your Mind

Lost Antarctica Ancient Humans – 5 Most Mysterious Discoveries Made To Blow Your Mind

5 most mysterious discoveries made in Antarctica to blow your mind. Today, we take a look at these 5 most mysterious discoveries made in Antarctica.

Seen as one of the last unexplored landmasses on the planet Earth, Antarctica holds a wide number of secrets that research scientists are still attempting to uncover in the modern day.

Thank you for watching!

Thank you to CO.AG for the background music!

OTHER VIDEOS, selected by peter2011

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

31-05-2020 om 22:28 geschreven door peter  

2 new crop circles found in Wiltshire, UK – May 2020

These two crop circle were found in Wiltshire, United Kingdom on 28th and 30 May 2020. Crop circles are counted among the most weirdest and inexplicable phenomena that have ever challenged the great minds of humans. For those of you who don’t know what a crop circle is, it is a mysterious phenomena that happens overnight and is an extremely giant geometric pattern of flattened crops.

Every known crop circle is distinct from one another and what makes them strange is that nobody knows where the crop circles come from and who draws them and that too overnight. In a recent sighting , two crop circles were recorded in UK. Crop circles have been directly perceived as and related to alien invasion for centuries. They happen to form when a spaceship lands on a crop field and the shape of the base of the spaceship is embedded on the field, cutting the crops in an unrecognisable pattern. One theory states that the crop circle patterns denote some secret message the aliens leave for the interpretation of the denizens of earth.

Check the video below for more images!

Other videos, crop circles  in Wiltshire, selected by peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

31-05-2020 om 20:52 geschreven door peter  

Multiple UFOs filmed during SpaceX launch yesterday!

These three videos of unidentified flying objects were filmed in during SpaceX launch on 30th May 2020 when a rocket ship built by Elon Musk’s company lifted off with two astronauts on a history-making flight to ISS.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

31-05-2020 om 20:02 geschreven door peter  

NASA Astronaut Recalls Fearing For His Life After Spotting ‘Five Bright Lights’ While On A Spacewalk

PIXABAY

As if we needed more proof that aliens exist, we’ve got it anyway because here comes a harrowing tale from NASA astronaut Dr. Leroy Chiao, who in his last mission for NASA in 2005 had experienced some a very scary moments while working on the International Space Station.

During an episode of Science Channel’s NASA’s Unexplained Files, Chiao recounted how as a part of one experiment being conducted on the International Space Station he had to go outside the ISS for a spacewalk.

It was during this spacewalk that Chiao says he found himself in a situation he never expected, nor knew exactly how to handle.

“It’s clearly not a natural phenomenon,” recalled Chiao.

“He said, ‘I saw some really weird stuff down there flying past,'” added former NASA engineer James Oberg.

“At this point in the mission, this is kind of a shock,” said aerospace historian Chris Orwoll.

“You’re very aware, hyper-aware when you’re doing a spacewalk because you are in a pretty dangerous situation. It’s exciting on many levels and also stressful too because you don’t want to mess up your last one. That’s what they all remember you for,” Chiao continued. “If tethers become undone, you are just going to float away from the station and it’s pretty much curtains.”

PIXABAY

“Suddenly, I look up and I see these five lights and they seem to fly by,” Chiao explained.

“And he reports, ‘Wow, I’ve just had echelon formation of five lights,'” said Oberg.

“And there were four in a line…” Chiao continued.

“But one of them is slightly off-set from the others,” said Orwoll.

“My heart just leapt up into my throat and and they kind of go flying by, you know, by the station, and, you know, what are these lights?” Chiao added.

It was at that point that Chiao contacted Mission Control and spoke to Oberg about what he’d just seen.

“When you see something in space, the possibility always that it can bite you. Your life might be on the line,” recalled Oberg.

For years, the mystery of the fight lights remained unsolved until NASA engineer James Smith decided to take a look at satellite images from around the time of Chiao’s sighting.

It turned out that those images confirmed what Chiao claims to have seen.

After finding no record of satellite paths or military Air Force exercises, Smith finally settled on an explanation for the lights: South America commercial fishing fleets who use lights that are so bright they can be seen from space in an effort to attract cuttlefish and other kinds of squid.

“And so they were deployed in a line up the coast and it was the rotation of Earth that made it appear that they were flying,” said Chiao.

Chiao says he accepts that theory as an explanation for what he saw, but he also added, “I have no doubt there is other life in the universe, but what I doubt is I don’t think we’ve found each other yet.”

Or have we?

FOX

Previous UFO and alien news and evidence…

• Fleet of UFOs spotted underwater off the coast of Greece on Google Earth by expert alien hunter
• Did this ‘alien’ craft spotted over Australia get misidentified as space debris? Expert says it did
• ‘Cloaked’ UFO caught on video by infared security camera before disappearing into the California sky
• ‘Ancient alien city’ discovered on Mercury in NASA mission image: ‘100% proof of life’ says expert
• The U.S. Navy has finally released eight new UFO incident reports submitted by pilots
• ‘Alien base entrance’ discovered on island in Indonesia in Google Earth image by UFO expert
• UFO expert puts forth ‘absolute proof’ aliens were monitoring NASA’s Apollo 7 mission in 1968
• Former NASA Director warns the next killer supervirus could be alien in nature
• UFO entering a ‘secret alien base’ in Oregon’s Mount Hood caught on video by airplane pilot
• ‘Thousands of mushrooms’ and an ‘alien life form’ spotted on Mars in NASA rover pics
• UFO caught on camera in deep space near the sun in images from NASA’s SOHO satellite
• Former Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid admits Congress used a ‘black budget’ for studying UFOs
• Japan now suddenly planning to ‘establish procedures’ for handling UFO encounters due to Pentagon videos
• Fleet of UFOs passing by the moon caught on camera in image from NASA’s Apollo 9 mission, says expert
• Alien base and pyramids discovered in Mars Curiosity Rover photo: ‘NASA kept it a secret’ says expert
• UFO expert says he has ‘100% indisputable proof’ alien cities exist on the Earth’s moon
• UFO spotted on NASA live stream as cylindrical craft ‘uncloaks’ near International Space Station
• UFO spotted exiting a Mexican volcano is ‘100 percent proof’ of alien existence on Eart
•  Three different UFO sightings reported in three different cities in the same night sparks speculation
• Former French Director of Intelligence says he believes UFOs may come from parallel worlds
• UFO expert believes he has found evidence of alien life on Mars in image ‘deleted by NASA’
• UFO spotted on NASA live stream video outside the International Space Station is ‘absolutely real’
•  Scientist claims coronavirus was brought to Earth by a meteroite that hit China in 2019
• Mysterious UFO sighting during the day in northern Siberia leaves top Russian scientists baffled
• Expert claims triangle UFO spotted on an Antarctic island is 100% ‘proof of ancient aliens’
• Mass UFO sighting in the skies above Detroit and Cleveland on consecutive nights has people shook
• UFO expert Tom DeLonge shares strange video of a huge ‘fiery orange’ orb dancing about the sky over California
• Flurry of UFO sightings, including a ‘Tic Tac’ spotted by a pilot over Mexico, sparks more speculation
• Top quantum physicist believes USS Nimitz UFO used ‘metamaterial’ and time-traveled to reach 19,000 mph
• Time-lapse video showing mysterious ‘red trails’ reignites debate about UFOs over North Carolina
• Former UK Ministry Of Defence UFO investigator says we are completely unprepared for an alien invasion
• ‘Black Triangle’ UFO spotted orbiting the sun on NASA video: ‘This is an alien space station’
• UFO sighting is ‘absolute proof’ a Mexican volcano is being used as a secret alien base of operations
• Satellite photos spot mysterious objects emerging from top secret Area 51 experimental air base
• Secret Area 51 tunnel openings discovered on Google Earth, are they UFO hangar entrances?
• Google Earth shows ‘an example of an alien abduction taking place’ near Fiji, says UFO expert
• NASA live cam catches UFO flying near International Space Station on video
• USS Nimitz technician technician allegedly forced to sign NDA after witnessing Tic-Tac UFO from Navy spy plane 
• ‘Fleet of UFOs’ hovering over Arizona captured on video
• Darting UFO recorded on NASA live stream shows ‘proof’ the International Space Station is being watched
• Mind-blowing new book puts forth theory that UFOs may actually be crafts piloted by time-traveling humans
• UFO hunters claim they are behind the unexplained group of Colorado drones, mystery remains unsolved
• Ominous black ring cloud hovers in the sky above Pakistan
• Glowing UFO spotted on NASA live stream of the Space Station sparks more claims aliens are real
• Newly declassified CIA intelligence report reveals new info about 1973 UFO sighting at ‘Site 7’ in Russia
• Navy admits it has additional ‘top secret’ footage of USS Nimitz UFO encounter but won’t release it
• UFO sighting? Mysterious object leaving a fiery trail in the sky spotted by multiple people in Florida
• Navy pilot who filmed USS Nimitz UFO encounter breaks his silence after 15 years – Tic Tac craft broke laws of physics
• UFO that ‘nearly hits’ a SpaceX satellite during live stream is ‘100% proof aliens are watching,’ says exper
• Top researchers claim U.S. military is covering up their own super advanced aircraft by making people believe it is a UFO
• Mysterious hovering orbs over Mesa have many believing they spotted a glowing UFO
• UFO seen by 100+ people hovering in the California sky for five minutes sparks alien concerns
• A stationary UFO recorded in the South Carolina sky sparks secret government surveillance theory
• Former head of MI6, who’s allegedly part of a secret global conspiracy on UFOs, says he believes aliens do exist
• UFO expert claims ISS video is ‘100% proof’ NASA, Russia know aliens visit the space station
• Bug expert declares there are insects on Mars and then suddenly deletes research after backlash
• UFO expert claims to have video proof of a fleet of alien spaceships passing by our moon
• 5 Navy veterans and new anonymous source who witnessed the USS Nimitz UFO incident come forward to reveal what they saw
• Retired Air Force Major says a space alien was shot and killed at a base in 1978, government covered it up
• US Navy pilot David Fravor who claims to have witnessed a UFO says the tapes of the encounter have disappeared
• Eyewitnesses spot identical fleet of UFOs in the sky over Utah and North Carolina in the same day
• UFO expert says he has ‘100% proof’ that aliens currently live in a ‘city’ on our moon
• Red triangular craft recorded hovering in the Texas sky is perhaps the ‘clearest UFO footage’ ever
• Top Gun Navy pilot describes his incredible UFO encounter on ‘The Joe Rogan Experience’
• A strange ‘fleet’ of 14 glowing UFOs was spotted and caught on camera off the coast of North Carolina

[Daily Express]

31-05-2020 om 01:13 geschreven door peter  

Panic in Brazil for the presence of hundreds of mysterious spheres in the skies

Something really strange is happening during the coronavirus pandemic and it is impossible to hide it. Thousands of people are already witnessing the presence of strange objects in our skies. They are not about drones, planes or helicopters, and so far there is no explanation. Even these sightings have been seen in full news, As we already published in MEP, on May 8 during the news of the Spanish television channel Telecinco , a luminous object in the form of a disc appeared passing over the Roman monument Castillo de Sant ‘ Angelo, located on the right bank of the Tiber River.

Generally, this type of evidence is not mentioned by the media involved, but in this particular case it was discredited a few days later by the television network itself due to the stir caused on social networks. According to the journalist’s explanation that was in the place, the strange object was simply a seagull, although he did not even see it since at that time it was on its back. This is simply one of the large number of sightings being seen during the pandemic and around the world. But it seems that “something” is about to happen, since having seen a single unidentified flying object we have passed hundreds, and in the same country.

Strange spheres on Magé

Brazilians in the Magé municipality, just north of Rio de Janeiro, reported seeing mysterious light objects in the night sky on Wednesday. Social networks were filled with dozens of videos of the strange objects, causing panic and all kinds of reactions to the presence of UFOs. Magé became trending on Twitter Wednesday morning when several people began sharing videos of bright lights in the sky. The images showed blue, red, and yellow orbs moving around the sky, even the lights in a triangular formation.

While the videos themselves are truly impressive, the real controversy started after the posts inexplicably disappeared , including the hashtag #MageUFO. On the other hand, in the Reddit category on UFOs, the publications of the Brazilian videos also began to disappear. Users accused Twitter and Reddit moderators of censorship. Twitter also declined to give any explanation.

While the Brazilian press reports that no one reported these objects to local authorities, there were many who said they had heard loud explosions and gunshots , in addition to witnessing how the military cordoned off the aurea and arrested anyone who tried to approach the place where the strangers appeared. lights.

The truth is that more and more UFOs are being seen around the world, but the recent event is the most puzzling to date. It must also be said that Brazil is considered an important point for UFO activity . In 1957, journalist Ibrahim Sued received an envelope containing small pieces of metal from an anonymous source claiming that they were remnants of Ubatuba, in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, where an UFO had allegedly crashed. Although they were of extraterrestrial origin, the fragments were very pure magnesium.

It is unclear where the metal came from and it remains a mystery. The “UFO alert” Colares 1977 made headlines when residents on the island of Colares began to report strange objects in the sky and mysterious injuries on their bodies. According to researcher and computer scientist Jacques Vallee, the objects witnessed on the island allegedly killed several people. Reports of radiation and thermal burns, as well as strange scars, filled the Brazilian government’s file on the incident.

After an official investigation, the government concluded that it found no evidence of unusual phenomena. But one of the strangest cases occurred in 1996 when several people claimed to have witnessed a strange alien creature wandering the streets of the city of Varginha. Described as the “devil” the 1.5-meter-long, big-skinned, brown-skinned being was first seen by three women on a January afternoon. Several other sightings were reported, and even the US Wall Street Journal reported the story.

While this latest UFO incident from Brazil will likely add to the countless mysteries that haunt the skies of South America, skeptics say the lights on Magé were simply paratroopers equipped with pyrotechnics, Chinese lanterns, or drones. But many of us feel that “something” is about to happen , and the pandemic is simply a “smokescreen.”

What do you think about the strange lights on Magé? Are you one of those who feel that something is about to happen?

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/category/aliens-ufo-space }

30-05-2020 om 23:25 geschreven door peter  

International Space Station Records Thousands Of Alien Spacecrafts Leaving Earth

On May 18, 2020, a camera from the International Space Station (ISS) recorded something really unusual, thousands of strange objects that simultaneously shoot out from the surface of our planet and fly into outer space.

This can be seen in the original video published on the project channel “High Definition Earth Visualization (HDEV)” on the Ustream platform or below we have posted the part of the video showing the alien spacecraft, the objects seem to take off at high speed and the remains are not the remains of liquid fuel rockets.

Skeptics believe that these are ice particles that detach from the ISS and that are reflected in the camera thanks to sunlight.

But for experts in the field there is no doubt about it, it is the massive evacuation of thousands of UFOs leaving our planet.

Skeptics believe that these are ice particles that detach from the ISS and that are reflected in the camera thanks to sunlight. But for experts in the field there is no doubt about it, it is the massive evacuation of thousands of UFOs leaving our planet.

For them the images show that aliens have been very present on our planet since ancient times. This civilization or civilizations of other worlds have their own underground and submarine bases on Earth, but the question some ask is, what has led them to evade Earth massively?

They consider that this strategy can only be carried out if our planet is doomed and it is very dangerous to be on it. But the threat would not be the coronavirus pandemic, as some have suggested, rather it would be from our closest star. NASA scientists have confirmed that the solar minimum they predicted three years ago has been met.

And scientists have warned that the Dalton minimum, one of the most extreme weather periods in history, will repeat itself. It lasted more than three solar cycles, from 1790-1830, and resulted in heavy snowfall, deep frost, and general cooling worldwide, in addition to drastic weather changes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and famine. It was hell on Earth.

And if the worst predictions are unfortunately fulfilled, perhaps we would find ourselves facing a mass extinction, just as happened with dinosaurs. The truth is that we do not know if this will be the case, but all the events that are happening in the last months seem to indicate that something will happen on our planet. And this video may be evidence that there isn’t much time left.

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/category/aliens-ufo-space }

30-05-2020 om 23:01 geschreven door peter  

The Discovery of the 12,000-Years-Old Mountain Sized Statue Lady of Mali

No doubt about it, this is one of the greatest time periods to live in if you’re a fan of ancient architectural wonders. Every day we find more and more of these behemoths of ancient civilization simply lying around. Today we will be focusing mostly on a peculiar stone that was first discovered by professor Angelo Pitoni in Sierra Leone, West Africa, in a diamond mine back in 1990.

Upon discovery he rightfully so named it the sky stone, and upon further research specialists came to the conclusion that there is no other explanation for its composition other than that it is made out of pure oxygen which was given color by an unknown agent. This agent is a complete mystery to this day, regardless if you believe the oxygen theory or not what is indisputable is the fact that it is unlike anything we’ve ever seen before.

Angelo Pitoni was a man of many talents, he was an agronomist, a botanist, but most of all he was a geologist. He had made many discoveries in his time, emeralds, gold mines and more were all part of his life at that point already, but he had never expected to come into contact with such an incredible mystery regardless.

Unfortunately though, he did not live to find out everything that there was to this discovery since he passed away back in 2009, and with him all of the secrets that he spoke of having finally gotten the answers to were buried off with him. Video:

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/category/mystery }

30-05-2020 om 22:50 geschreven door peter  

SpaceX Explosion Haunted by 2016 UFO Incident

SpaceX Raptor Engine Explodes In Texas Day Before Scheduled Manned Launch

“It Felt Like An Earthquake”: SpaceX Prototype Starship Blows Up In Massive Explosion Day Ahead Of Manned Launch.  The Raptor engine in SpaceX’s Starship SN4 prototype blew up on its test stand in Boca Chica, Texas.  “SpaceX just experienced the biggest explosion yet at its Texas site, where it’s testing prototypes for a Mars rocket,” The Atlantic’s Marina Koren reported Friday afternoon.  “A resident who lives nearby — just 2 miles away — said it felt like an earthquake,” she added. Koren noted that at this point it doesn’t appear anyone in the surrounding community was hurt in the massive blast which shook the area for miles.  https://bit.ly/3eDzNSJ

Was SpaceX Rocket Destroyed by UFO (2016)

Note that the explosion occurs near the top of the rocket, where there aren’t any fuel tanks, the explosion is also far hotter than would be caused by rocket fuel – note the bright white blob on the video bright enough to cause a lens flare (the four diagonal streaks). The rocket fuel burning comes several frames later and is quite different looking – the colours are reds and oranges with black and grey smoke, this is a secondary explosion where the rocket fuel was ignited by the primary explosion further up the rocket.

Now for the really shocking bit – the craft responsible for this destruction was caught in the video – a small spherical object that flies from right to left on the screen and appears to have fired some kind of laser or beam weapon at the rocket.

So now the big question is this: Just what had the Israelis built into that satellite that someone decided had to be destroyed before it could be placed in orbit? Our working theory is that it was some kind of weapon, quite possibly a laser as we received intelligence some time ago that a space based laser had been used to cause several mysterious explosions in Iran.

Source, Veterans Today Archive -  https://bit.ly/36QJaM3

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

30-05-2020 om 21:06 geschreven door peter  

The search for alien life has been one of the last great frontiers. We push out into the dark reaches of space desperately seeking any sign that we are not a lone rock with the only life in the universe. There has been much discussion of what form they would take, what their intentions would be, and how we would communicate with these creatures. Yet, what if they are not creatures at all, but rather highly advanced, sophisticated robots?

There are several possible forms that robotic aliens could take. A much-discussed possibility is that they might be essentially drones sent by their extraterrestrial masters. This makes a lot of sense, as we ourselves use probes to explore the reaches of our solar system and beyond, places where it is not practical or possible to send manned missions. If aliens simply wanted to check us out or scout our planet, why go through all of the trouble, resources, and danger of traversing light years of space with a living crew when you can just basically send a drone instead? This idea has been toyed with in UFO circles and one idea is that they are already here, and that UFOs themselves could really be just drones sent from across the sea of stars. As to their intentions, they might be here to take samples or collect scientific data, study our kind, or perhaps even be used as a way to make contact with us. After this, perhaps the operators of the drones might decide to pay a visit themselves, and one can only hope it is for friendly reasons.

Another possibility is that these robots could be the aliens themselves, and this could play out in a few ways. In one scenario they could be AI intelligences that either coexist with or have usurped their biological creators. This could be due to what is often referred to as a technological singularity, which is basically a hypothetical point in time when technological growth reaches a point of no return, uncontrollable and exploding at a rate faster than we can keep up with, disrupting society as we know it in ways we may not even be fully able to predict. In the case of AI, this accelerating growth could spawn a superintelligence that would upgrade and improve itself at an astronomical rate, beyond that of its creators’ ability to monitor or control, quite likely gaining self awareness in the process. Such an intelligence could very well self-replicate and spawn others, a race of AIs eventually turning against their biological originators to destroy them and continue on, possibly for millions of years to the point that the original species of their planet is a faded memory relegated to fossils and history books. It makes sense, as it would be the next step up in evolution from the confines of biology, and robots would be perfect for the rigors of space and the vast distances involved with travelling to other worlds.

Looking at how fast technology is progressing here on Earth, there are many futurists and writers who believe that not only is such a singularity possible, but that it is inevitable. Some of the leading minds in AI and the future of the planet, such as Nick Bostrom, Vincent C. Müller, and Elon Musk, predict that this will happen for us within the next few decades, and great minds like Musk and the renowned Stephen Hawking have long told of how the rise of artificial intelligence will most likely lead to our downfall. If this hypothetical situation is an inexorable byproduct of technological advancement, it could even mean that robotic civilizations that have gotten to the stage of travel across the stars could significantly outnumber biological ones and be the dominant type of civilization in the universe. Even more frightening than this, perhaps technologically advanced biological races reach this singularity or destroy themselves before they ever have time to reach the stars to any appreciable degree, essentially leaving all space faring intelligent races to be robotic artificial intelligences. One Professor Susan Schneider from the University of Connecticut and the Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton thinks that this would be the norm, and that such robotic alien civilizations could feasibly be even billions of years old, and has said:

I do not believe that most advanced alien civilizations will be biological. The most sophisticated civilizations will be post-biological, forms of artificial intelligence or alien superintelligence. Other civilizations may be vastly older than us – earthlings are galactic babies. All lines of evidence converge on the conclusion that the maximum age of extraterrestrial intelligence would be billions of years, specifically ranges from 1.7 billion to 8 billion years.

Even if such AI intelligences did not violently overthrow their masters and cause a robotic apocalypse or seek to replace them like in a science fiction movie, it is possible that they could at least outlast them. Planetary cataclysms, changing climates or environments, drought, famine, and diseases would all mean nothing to them. Their makers could wither away and die or kill themselves in war to fade into history as their robotic creations went on to inherit the planet and become a spacefaring civilization of its own, again perhaps even forgetting over the eons that there were ever even biological creators at all. They could very well believe that they are the original life, and have lost all sense of ever having had other intelligences come before them. To them their original creators could be mere myths and legends.

Yet another possibility is that the robots are, in a sense, their own creators. The idea here is that the original species that designed these robots have merely downloaded their own consciousnesses into these new forms. It is not a new idea, thrown around in science fiction for quite some time now, and looking ever more possible as our technology makes leaps and bounds. It seems only a matter of time before someone on Earth attempts this, so it is not completely far-fetched to think that a super advanced race would have already perfected the process. They may have decided to take on a robotic form from a desire to be immortal, to escape harsh conditions on their planet, to move on to the next evolutionary step, or any number of other reasons we will probably never understand. They may even do it specifically for space travel, downloading into robotic bodies for these excursions to withstand the rigors of covering such vast distances and eliminating the need to operate life support systems, sort of like a super advanced spacesuit, while their physical bodies remain behind in stasis. In the end, the idea here is that these are just robots in physical form, with the minds of living entities inside them.

If aliens were actually AI robots, it poses a few potential problems if we ever met them. Our way of thinking and interacting with the world around us is heavily influenced by our biological processes, needs and our physiology, so how would a self-aware robot with none of these biological cues think? Would we even be able to comprehend what they are saying to us or what their thought processes are? This would also affect their intentions towards us, as what would a race of robots think of intelligent biological organisms and how would they react to us? If they were purely, coldly logical it might make sense for them to just wipe us out, unless they wanted to study us for some reason. This poses the question of why they would even want to come here in the first place, and with a purely robotic intelligence this might be hard to fathom. Whatever their motivations are, we could only hope that after millions or even billions of years of self-awareness they might have developed a sense of empathy and altruism, but this seems it would be far less likely with robots than it would for biological organisms, because again, altruism and empathy are often seen as traits that at the heart of it evolved at least in part from biological needs. Would a race unfettered from these have a need for such things? Who knows?

There is also the problem of communication with these robots. Besides the fact that their thought processes would be far different than ours, would we be able to communicate with them in any conventional sense? We already have a lot of possible hurdles to overcome with communicating with aliens, but with robots would it even be possible at all? They could be so far beyond the usual biological communication methods and have minds that work so amazingly fast and are so far beyond our own capabilities that we might not even comprehend them. Perhaps mathematics could provide some common ground, but if their minds were so advanced it still might be hard to find a way to relate to each other.

In the end, this is of course all speculation, but based on current trends in technology on our planet and our own increasing use of robotics, it seems more than plausible that other intelligent civilizations should do the same. What happens after hundreds, millions, or even billions of years of this inexorable progress? We can only guess, and wonder if, instead of alien creatures we might run into the robots they have made, or have even been replaced by.

Videos, selected by peter2011

{  https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

30-05-2020 om 20:23 geschreven door peter  

Alien Artifacts Found On Mars, Pyramid, Spindle, Face And More, UFO Sighting News.

• http://www.gigapan.com/galleries/13476/gigapans/198064

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

30-05-2020 om 19:19 geschreven door peter  

Recent survey in the Gulf of Carpentaria region of northern Australia has identified a unique assemblage of 17 miniature and small-scale stenciled motifs depicting anthropomorphs, material culture, macropod tracks and linear designs. 

The unusual sizes and shapes of these motifs raise questions about the types of material used for the stencil templates. 

What stands out is a strange human-like figure, a huge face next to the human-like figure and an alien face at the bottom left of the image.

Image left: Alien Face - Image center: Human-like figure - Image right: Face.

Drawing on ethnographic data and experimental archaeology, the authors argue that the motifs were created with a previously undocumented stenciling technique using miniature models sculpted from beeswax. 

The results suggest that beeswax and other malleable and adhesive resins may have played a more significant role in creating stenciled motifs than previously thought.

The report published by cambridge.org does not describe who made these figures but it seems like the creators have been in contact with an alien race.

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

30-05-2020 om 18:14 geschreven door peter  

2 ORBS filmed over Frankfort, New York 27-May-2020

These two orbs were seen and recorded flying across the sky above Frankfort in New York. Witness said there was strange sound coming from the orbs.

This sighting was filmed on Wednesday, 27th April 2020.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

30-05-2020 om 17:52 geschreven door peter  

What do intelligent aliens look like?

Extraterrestrials, Aliens, life from other worlds. Creatures that have evolved or been engineered on planets with completely different atmospheres and dare I say ecosystems to those found here on earth.

Many have speculated as to what unusual forms these planets could produce. I want to limit this idea to the highest evolved intelligence that could have originated from different planets to detail a complete ecosystem of an alien world would take way too long, this thenLeaving us with the question   

What do super-intelligent aliens look like?

Extraterrestrials have been depicted across cultures and countries for thousands of years, appearing in different shapes and sizes as people understanding and beliefs change. From the little green men of the fifties to today's Greys and the idea that the gods of old were from another world.

In ancient times these ETs were often shown to be human-like in their appearance but said to possess incredible powers.The gods of ancient Greece and Egypt being a perfect example of this belief and something I have looked at before.

These gods displayed abilities that were far beyond humans and could point to the use of advanced technology or biological abilities that could have come to be from them originating in another part of the universe. The immense strength and invulnerability which the Gods displayed may have come from an advanced, possible engineered immune system and cells.This would allow them to heal rapidly, as well as defend against harmful things such as radiation and gravity, problems faced when a biological being travels to space.This need to survive the perils of deep space travel would call for some bodily modification even the use of artificial bodies and the possible transmission of a Consciousness into artificial bodies.The possibilities of creating an artificial or biological body for space travel means that there could be an endless number of shapes and forms utilized by being from other worlds.We have been somewhat programmed by Movies and television to think that aliens would look somewhat like us. The differences being a large head, green skin, and giant almond eyes. For the moment at least, the only planet we can look to for answers is our own. The earth offers a huge range of biodiversity from single-celled organisms to the blue whale, life comes in an almost immeasurable range of shapes and sizes and displays such a wide range of abilities that if we were on the outside looking in, we may say the life on this planet sounded like the work of a science fiction writer.

Again we have to focus on intelligence as a measure, one thing that seems to be true so far is that brain size dictates intelligence. Remember that intelligence can be measured in several different ways, it does not necessarily mean beings which create technology some may say that shows a level of unintelligence, as it often harms the environment but that for another time. To evolve a level of advanced brain function some other adaptions are thought to be needed.

Firstly some kind of appendage that can manipulate the environment around the alien species. It doesn't have to be a hand and fingers tentacles could easily fit the bill or even a body that could morph into the shapes needed by the creature to accomplish its goal thought up by the prerequisite large brain.

They would most likely need some kind of visual organ or organs again taking into mind that we only see in a narrow part of the light spectrum they could see in another or many others. The same would be likely for the senses of smell hearing and taste.

All of these senses would be developed or engineered to reflect the environment in which these aliens were from, and possibly modified for the space travel which would bring them to our world.

To helps us narrow down the body formsLet's stick with some of the principles that the majority of life on this planet follows and apply them to these extraterrestrials. The first is that the body pattern will more than likely be symmetrical.Everything we know of that grows follows a symmetrical pattern. Cut a tree in half lengthwise, the branches and roots on one side would be fairly similar to the other. The same applies to humans and all living growth, even inorganic growth such as crystals and galaxies.

Next up is when things begin to vary depending on factors such as gravity the density of matter and the availability of energy.

The size of an alien would be dictated by these outside factors, here on earth we see how the shapes and sizes of lifeforms change. Deep-sea creatures being very different from their surface-dwelling cousins. Aliens from worlds with higher gravity being shorter and stouter with high bone density to resist the gravitational forces. The opposite applies to life on planets with less gravity they would be tall and of a lighter build.

This is where those that believe in convergent evolution say ultimately the alien body form would evolve into a pattern similar to our own, bipedal with two arms and two legs being the most biological efficient design.

But as we know here on Earth many lifeforms do not follow this pattern, if an organism like them continued to evolve and become intelligence why would they need to morph so greatly from a body type which leads them to be successful in their environment.Bilateral symmetry is not the ultimate design for a body.Having two sides the same does provide a level of redundancy but wouldn't several different types of body parts also be of an advantage?

Multiple eyes that surround ahead, maybe more than one head, why have only arms and hands when you could have arms hands tentacles or some other type of limb for manipulating the world around you.

After all the old saying is "many hands make light work"Of course the more body parts there are to control the bigger the brain and sense needed to control them are, so we can also see the effects of energy here.

If there is easy access to energy to support a more complex body type there is no reason for it not to exist after all it would seem that natural law favours efficient body design.All life on Earth is carbon-based, but that wouldn't be the case elsewhere. Life forms could be silicon-based or iron-based or anything else at all. This would mean how energy is obtained could vary widely. Most life on this planet consumes its energy by eating other biological matter, but without some kind of producer's "botanical life" converting energy the ecosystem would come crashing down.

Alien life may be like the former, and as with plants absorb energy from light or another source.

There is even the possibility that they have evolved without physical form or with no fixed form—perhaps there are extraterrestrials that are nothing more than sentient clouds, or who have mutable bodies that can alter to suit the needs of the moment.

On this planet, we have an animal that already does this, the octopus.Octopuses make for a good alien analogue they are surprisingly intelligent, some have claimed they may even be as intelligent as us!

Evolution has gifted them with a form which can change to size shape and colour if we weren't so used to seeing them these abilities would seem alien to us. We are used to having a fixed form this coming from our evolutionary path, a path which is said to have separated from that of the Octopus around 800 million years ago. And yet in an example of parallel evolution in nature, the eye of the octopus is identical to that of a human being.

We have gone onto develop technology whereas the octopus has remained in their watery abode, maybe having no need or drive to advance.

If we use technology as a measure of intelligence then another path is opened up, as with natural evolution technology must also evolve and thus shares some steps that it must go through to reach certain markers.This also points to the need for the entity building the technology to have the physical means to do so Hands with fingers for delicate, precise manipulation of detailed objects. A form of locomotion that leaves limbs free to touch hold and move things in the environment.

The need for at a minimum binocular vision to judge distance these Eyes being close to the brain to reduce the time delay and degradation of the visual signal.Also, the other four senses that are needed for survival- used to detect food, mates, and predators, the development of extra senses adding to the basic senses needed to be successful, like dolphins and bats who have evolved echolocation.

Or a sense that has developed to replace one which is not needed think of animals that live in dark caves or the ocean depths that can light up or exude chemicals to communicate.

There is no reason to think that advanced alien intelligence may not have these senses.

These senses may even go as far as allowing these aliens to be shape-shifters, beings that have consciousness control of their body to a molecular level.

This control would mean instant adaptation to new environments, the possibility to ingest any type of other molecular structure as sustenance.

If they had control of these building blocks we could assume that their technology would bridge the artificial with the biological and would be far ahead of our own. We see something similar on this planet with the gears found in planthoppers' legs.

The idea of biology and evolution already using cogs leads one to wonder what else might exist. Maybe something like naturally evolved silicon circuitry?

Some speculate that if aliens had or have evolved to have a civilization similar to ours they would have a similar body form.

All of the focus thus far has been purely on the physical characteristics but what would play an equally important part of any alien-human interaction would be the psychological.

What would alien behaviour be like?

We as a species find it almost impossible to communicate with intelligent animals here on our planet, heck we have a hard enough time talking to one another sometimes.

We are left with questions. What will an alien encounter be like?

How will an interaction go?

What will they be like, will they be solitary, a part of a herd or arrive in small bands?

What do think these aliens will look and behave like, do we already know because they have been here all along let me know what you think in the comments below. 

VIDEOS, selected by peter2011

{ https://www.weareif.biz/ }

30-05-2020 om 01:30 geschreven door peter  

By Alejandro Rojas

The other two videos are referred to as the “GIMBAL” and “GO FAST” videos. They were both captured in 2015 by the USS Theodore Roosevelt Carrier Strike Group. Like the Nimitz, the Roosevelt Strike Force encountered unknown objects during training exercises, this time off the east coast, from Virginia to Florida.

The New York Times included the “FLIR” and “GIMBAL” videos in the December 2017 article. “GO FAST” was released by TTSA a few months after. 

30-05-2020 om 01:03 geschreven door peter  

Scientists in Europe have found that some features on Mars that were thought to be lava flows may actually have been flows of muddy water.

We know that Mars used to be volcanically active in the past. The planet is dotted with enormous now-dormant volcanoes, and the remains of old lava flows can still be seen today. Now, it seems, some of those lava flows weren’t composed of lava at all, but rather mud, according to researchers in Europe. The finding is evidence for what are called sedimentary volcanism, where liquid mud – water-rich sediments – ruptured from Mars’ subsurface, flowing like lava before refreezing. These features have often been seen on Earth, in association with smaller conical hills that resemble mud volcanoes.

The intriguing peer-reviewed results were published in the journal Nature Geoscience on May 20, 2020.

A possible mud volcano on Mars, just one of thousands. Ancient flows from such features and other volcanic spots had previously been assumed to be lava, but a new study suggests that at least in some cases, it was mud instead. That would mean these landforms really are mud volcanoes, not smaller magmatic volcanoes.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ University of Arizona/ DLR.

From the paper:

Large outflow channels on ancient terrains of Mars have been interpreted as the products of catastrophic flood events. The rapid burial of water-rich sediments after such flooding could have led to sedimentary volcanism, in which mixtures of sediment and water (mud) erupt to the surface.

Tens of thousands of volcano-like landforms populate the northern lowlands … on Mars. However, it is difficult to determine whether the edifices are related to igneous or mud extrusions …

Here we investigate the mechanisms of mud propagation on Mars using experiments performed inside a low-pressure chamber at cold temperatures. We found that low viscosity mud under Martian conditions propagates differently from that on Earth, because of a rapid freezing and the formation of an icy crust. Instead, the experimental mud flows propagate like terrestrial pahoehoe lava flows, with liquid mud spilling from ruptures in the frozen crust, and then refreezing to form a new flow lobe.

We suggest that mud volcanism can explain the formation of some lava-like flow morphologies on Mars, and that similar processes may apply to cryovolcanic extrusions on icy bodies in the solar system.

The low-pressure vacuum chamber used in the experiments.

Image via CAS/ Petr Bro¸/ CC BY-SA 4.0/ DLR.

An example of mud frozen in simulated Mars conditions. The mud froze on the outside but remained liquid on the inside, and formed cavities and shapes similar to lava on Earth.

Image via Bro¸ et al./ Nature Geoscience/ CNRS.

The new study was led by researchers from the Institute of Geophysics at the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS). It involved Lancaster University, the Open University and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the U.K., CNRS in France, DLR and Münster University in Germany, and CEED in Norway.

Ernst Hauber of the DLR Institute of Planetary Research in Berlin-Adlershof said in a statement:

We have long been aware that in the early history of Mars, several billion years ago, large amounts of water were released over a short period of time, eroding very large valleys in the landscape, which have long since dried up. Extensively eroded masses of fragmented rock were transported through these outflow channels and into the northern lowlands of the planet, where they were quickly deposited. Later, these rocky masses were covered by younger sediments and volcanic rocks.

An active mud volcano in Azerbaijan.

Image via CAS/ Petr Bro¸/ CC BY-SA 4.0/ DLR.

Many of the mud flows are found in locations where massive channels were carved by water a few billion years ago. These floods were huge, comparable to the largest floods known on Earth. Water would then seep back into the subsurface, where it could then re-emerge as mud.

How did the researchers determine that some of the lava flows were not really lava, but mud? Lionel Wilson, Emeritus Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Lancaster University, explained:

We performed experiments in a vacuum chamber to simulate the release of mud on Mars. This is of interest because we see many flow-like features on Mars in spacecraft images, but they have not yet been visited by any of the roving vehicles on the surface and there is some ambiguity about whether they are flows of lava or mud.

What they found was quite interesting. Flowing mud on Mars didn’t behave at all like flowing mud on Earth, due to the very thin atmosphere and cold temperatures. The vacuum chamber re-created current Martian conditions. The flowing mud on Mars would freeze quickly and form an icy crust. In the vacuum chamber, the mud flows formed shapes similar to pahoehoe lava, which is common in Hawaii and Iceland. After the mud spilled out of ruptures in the ground, it refroze and formed smooth, undulating surfaces. The outer surface of the mud would freeze on contact with the air, while the inner core remained liquid. This liquid can break the frozen crust to form a new flow lobe that then refreezes.

More conical hills thought to be mud volcanoes, in Coprates Chasma on Mars.

Image via Petr Bro¸/ Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/ NASA/ JPL/ University of Arizona/ The Conversation.

Rock slab called Old Soaker, found by the Curiosity rover in Gale Crater on Mars, which is covered with what are thought to be mud cracks from when a layer of mud dried out about 3 billion years ago.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ MSSS.

In another test where the atmospheric pressure was the same as Earth’s, the mud did not form those shapes, even though it was just as cold in the vacuum chamber. Petr Bro¸, lead author of the new study, said:

Under the low atmospheric pressure of Mars, the mud flows behave in much the same way as pahoehoe, or ‘ropy’, lava, which is familiar from large volcanoes on Hawaii and Iceland. Our experiments show that even a process as apparently simple as the flow of mud – something that many of us have experienced for ourselves since we were children – would be very different on Mars.

Hauber added:

However, the impact of this familiar effect on mud has never been investigated in an experiment before. Once again, it turns out that different physical conditions must always be taken into account when looking at apparently simple surface features on other planets. We now know that we need to consider both mud and lava when analyzing certain flow phenomena.

There are tens of thousands of small conical hills in the northern highlands of Mars that may be mud volcanoes. It isn’t clear whether any of them may still be pumping out mud today, but the findings overall show that mud and wet sediments were common on the planet, at least in the past. In Gale Crater, the Curiosity rover has also found cracked, dried rock slabs that look exactly like dried out mud from the bottom of the lake that used to exist there.

Petr Bro¸ of the Czech Academy of Sciences, lead author of the new study.

Image via CAS.

Mars isn’t the only place where this kind of sedimentary volcanism is thought to occur. There is also evidence for a similar process on the dwarf planet Ceres, which may have once had a muddy ocean beneath its outer icy crust. According to Bro¸:

We suggest that mud volcanism can explain the formation of some lava-like flow morphologies on Mars, and that similar processes may apply to eruptions of mud on icy bodies in the outer solar system, like on Ceres.

Last year it was reported that Ceres likely had subsurface salty muddy meltwater reservoirs that lasted millions of years. The bright spots on Ceres’ surface are now thought to be salt deposits left over from when cryovolcanoes – ice volcanoes – erupted, with the water quickly sublimating away due to the almost complete lack of an atmosphere. Similar features thought to be cryovolcanoes were also discovered on Pluto by the New Horizons spacecraft, and on Saturn’s moon Titan by Cassini. If the flows and conical hills on Mars are really also related to Martian mud, then that would show such processes are common in our solar system (including Earth of course), and could potentially provide valuable clues as to how life originated and evolved on our own planet.

• Bottom line: Some features on Mars that were thought to be lava flows may actually be mud flows, according to a new study.
• Source: Experimental evidence for lava-like mud flows under Martian surface conditions
• Via Lancaster University
• Via DLR

{ https://earthsky.org/ }

29-05-2020 om 23:51 geschreven door peter