The earliest dinosaurs probably laid soft-shelled eggs

Dinosaurs evolved hard-shell eggs independently three times, the team adds.

 by Alexandru Micu

 

Researchers from the American Museum of Natural History and Yale University analyzed the eggs of two different non-avian dinosaurs to find that they resemble those of turtles in terms of microstructure, composition, and mechanical properties.

Meaning that early dinosaurs likely laid soft-shelled eggs. Under pressure from predators or the environment, dinosaurs evolved hard-shelled eggs at least three independent times, the team adds.

The skeletons of six among the Protoceratops embryos have been preserved surrounded by a black-and-white, egg-shaped halo, according to the team. Two of them (potentially hatched) were largely free of this halo. A closer analysis showed that the shapes were created from chemically-altered residues of the membrane lining the inside of all modern archosaur eggs. The same was true for the Mussaurus embryos.

Comparing the minerals that made up these shells with those in the eggshells of modern species, the team determined that the Protoceratops and Mussaurus eggs were indeed non-biomineralized, meaning they were leathery-soft.

“It’s an exceptional claim, so we need exceptional data,” said study author and Yale graduate student Jasmina Wiemann. “We had to come up with a brand-new proxy to be sure that what we were seeing was how the eggs were in life, and not just a result of some strange fossilization effect.”

“We now have a new method that can be applied to all other sorts of questions, as well as unambiguous evidence that complements the morphological and histological case for soft-shelled eggs in these animals.”

Using chemical composition data and the mechanical properties of eggshells from 112 other extinct and living relatives, the team determined that calcified eggs evolved independently at least three times in dinosaurs, probably from a soft-shelled type.

Soft eggshells are more sensitive to water loss and offer little protection against mechanical stress, so Protoceratops and Mussaurus probably buried them in sand or soil and incubated them with heat from decomposing plant matter, as some reptiles do today.

• The paper “The first dinosaur egg was soft” has been published in the journal Nature.

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

18-06-2020 om 22:53 geschreven door peter  

By EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA) JUNE 15, 2020

Artist’s impression of ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter detecting the green glow of oxygen in the martian atmosphere. This emission, spotted on the dayside of Mars, is similar to the night glow seen around Earth’s atmosphere from space.

Credit: ESA

ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter has detected glowing green oxygen in Mars’ atmosphere – the first time that this emission has been seen around a planet other than Earth.

On Earth, glowing oxygen is produced during polar auroras when energetic electrons from interplanetary space hit the upper atmosphere. This oxygen-driven emission of light gives polar auroras their beautiful and characteristic green hue.

The aurora, however, is just one way in which planetary atmospheres light up. The atmospheres of planets including Earth and Mars glow constantly during both day and night as sunlight interacts with atoms and molecules within the atmosphere. Day and night glow are caused by slightly different mechanisms: night glow occurs as broken-apart molecules recombine, whereas day glow arises when the Sun’s light directly excites atoms and molecules such as nitrogen and oxygen.

On Earth, green night glow is quite faint, and so is best seen by looking from an ‘edge on’ perspective – as portrayed in many spectacular images taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS). This faintness can be an issue when hunting for it around other planets, as their bright surfaces can drown it out.

Airglow occurs in Earth’s atmospheres as sunlight interacts with atoms and molecules within the atmosphere. In this image, taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in 2011, a green band of oxygen glow is visible over Earth’s curve. On the surface, portions of northern Africa are visible, with evening lights shining along the Nile river and its delta.

Credit: NASA

This green glow has now been detected for the first time at Mars by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), which has been orbiting Mars since October 2016.

“One of the brightest emissions seen on Earth stems from night glow. More specifically, from oxygen atoms emitting a particular wavelength of light that has never been seen around another planet,” says Jean-Claude Gérard of the Université de Liège, Belgium, and lead author of the new study published in Nature Astronomy.

“However, this emission has been predicted to exist at Mars for around 40 years – and, thanks to TGO, we’ve found it.”

Jean-Claude and colleagues were able to spot this emission using a special observing mode of the TGO. One of the orbiter’s advanced suite of instruments, known as NOMAD (Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery) and including the ultraviolet and visible spectrometer (UVIS), can observe in various configurations, one of which positions its instruments to point directly down at the martian surface – also referred to as the ‘nadir’ channel.

ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter has detected glowing green oxygen in Mars’ atmosphere – the first time that this emission has been seen around a planet other than Earth.

Credit: Courtesy of J.-C. Gérard et al. (2020)

“Previous observations hadn’t captured any kind of green glow at Mars, so we decided to reorient the UVIS nadir channel to point at the ‘edge’ of Mars, similar to the perspective you see in images of Earth taken from the ISS,” adds co-author Ann Carine Vandaele of the Institut Royal d’Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique, Belgium, and Principal Investigator of NOMAD.

Between 24 April and 1 December 2019, Jean-Claude, Ann Carine, and colleagues used NOMAD-UVIS to scan altitudes ranging from 20 to 400 kilometers from the martian surface twice per orbit. When they analyzed these datasets, they found the green oxygen emission in all of them.

“The emission was strongest at an altitude of around 80 kilometers and varied depending on the changing distance between Mars and the Sun,” adds Ann Carine.

Studying the glow of planetary atmospheres can provide a wealth of information about the composition and dynamics of an atmosphere, and reveal how energy is deposited by both the Sun’s light and the solar wind – the stream of charged particles emanating from our star.

To better understand this green glow at Mars, and compare it to what we see around our own planet, Jean-Claude and colleagues dug further into how it was formed.

“We modeled this emission and found that it’s mostly produced as carbon dioxide, or CO₂, is broken up into its constituent parts: carbon monoxide and oxygen,” says Jean-Claude. “We saw the resulting oxygen atoms glowing in both visible and ultraviolet light.”

Simultaneously comparing these two kinds of emission showed that the visible emission was 16.5 times more intense than the ultraviolet.

“The observations at Mars agree with previous theoretical models but not with the actual glowing we’ve spotted around Earth, where the visible emission is far weaker,” adds Jean-Claude. “This suggests we have more to learn about how oxygen atoms behave, which is hugely important for our understanding of atomic and quantum physics.”

Oxygen emission detected in dayside limb spectra from the UVIS channel of the NOMAD instrument on ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. Different colours show the measurements at different altitudes in the martian atmosphere. Oxygen dayglow appears to be brightest at 80 km, reaching a second peak around 120 km, and dissipating above 150 km. This is the first time that this emission has been seen around a planet other than Earth.

Credit: Courtesy of J.-C. Gérard et al. (2020)

This understanding is key to characterizing planetary atmospheres and related phenomena – such as auroras. By deciphering the structure and behavior of this green glowing layer of Mars’ atmosphere, scientists can gain insight into an altitude range that has remained largely unexplored, and monitor how it changes as the Sun’s activity varies and Mars travels along its orbit around our star.

“This is the first tim this important emission has ever been observed around another planet beyond Earth, and marks the first scientific publication based on observations from the UVIS channel of the NOMAD instrument on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter,” highlights Håkan Svedhem, ESA’s TGO Project Scientist.

“It demonstrates the remarkably high sensitivity and optical quality of the NOMAD instrument. This is especially true given that this study explored the dayside of Mars, which is much brighter than the nightside, thus making it even more difficult to spot this faint emission.”

Understanding the properties of Mars’ atmosphere is not only interesting scientifically, but is also key to operate the missions we send to the Red Planet. Atmospheric density, for example, directly affects the drag experienced by orbiting satellites and by the parachutes used to deliver probes to the martian surface.

“This type of remote-sensing observation, coupled with in situ measurements at higher altitudes, helps us to predict how the martian atmosphere will respond to seasonal changes and variations in solar activity,” adds Håkan. “Predicting changes in atmospheric density is especially important for forthcoming missions, including the ExoMars 2022 mission that will send a rover and surface science platform to explore the surface of the Red Planet.”

Reference: 

• “Detection of green line emission in the dayside atmosphere of Mars from NOMAD-TGO observations” by J.-C. Gérard, S. Aoki, Y. Willame, L. Gkouvelis, C. Depiesse, I. R. Thomas, B. Ristic, A. C. Vandaele, F. Daerden, B. Hubert, J. Mason, M. R. Patel, J.-J. López-Moreno, G. Bellucci, M. A. López-Valverde and B. Beeckman, 15 June 2020, Nature Astronomy.
  DOI: 10.1038/s41550-020-1123-2
• ExoMars is a joint endeavour of the European Space Agency and Roscosmos.

The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB‐ BIRA), assisted by Co‐PI teams from Spain (IAA‐CSIC), Italy (INAF‐IAPS), and the United Kingdom (Open University). This project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office, with the financial and contractual coordination by the European Space Agency Prodex Office, by the Spanish MICINN through its Plan Nacional, as well as by UK and Italian Space Agencies.

{ https://scitechdaily.com/ }

18-06-2020 om 22:29 geschreven door peter  

Pole Shift: Are We Long Overdue for an Extinction Event, Is One Underway Now?

COAST TO COAST AM – In the first extinction, 441 million years ago, around 86% of all life forms died. It’s possible, he postulated, that we live in a double-star system, “and our companion comes close every 70 million years or so, and when it does, the gravity from it throws all these distant bodies that are out in the Oort cloud” hurling toward us.

He shared different Armageddon fears, such as when the tail of Halley’s Comet passed through Earth in 1910, and many thought they might die from cyanide exposure. Berman also pointed out that the Earth’s north and south poles have been moving rapidly, and we’re seeing a weakened magnetic field. While a pole reversal may be underway, he noted that it generally takes between 100 to 1,000 years for this play out.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

18-06-2020 om 21:53 geschreven door peter  

David Wilcock: New Secret Space Age Secrets Revealed

David Wilcock: New Secret Space Age Secrets Revealed

Join David and Dannion in this rare joint appearance to discuss the deeper mysteries behind current events, and how our collective awakening process continues forward at this time. David and Dannion discuss how the upsetting and distressing events of our time help construct a Pathway to Peace for planet Earth.

Wonders beyond our wildest imaginations are in store for us as we discover the true scope of what has been kept secret from us all… and the implications for us entering into a new Space Age! We will end once again with a guided global peace meditation.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

18-06-2020 om 21:44 geschreven door peter  

Antarctica "UFO" Guarded by Tanks! Project Highjump Connected to Roswell / USS Nimitz UAP~UFO

Foo Fighters balls of light Antarctica Expedition gone bad was it UFOs  or something else ……..

Antarctica UFO guarded by Tanks project Highjump….. World War II Foo Fighters balls of light chasing Pilots through the Antarctica Skies

Antarctica “UFO” Guarded by Tanks! Project Highjump Connected to Roswell / USS Nimitz UAP~UFO

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

18-06-2020 om 21:26 geschreven door peter  

Coal-Burning in Siberia Caused Earth's Greatest Extinction by Catastrophic Global Warming after 2 Million Year Volcanic Eruption

Coal and charcoal pieces in the volcanic rocks of the Siberian flood basalts (A&B). In northern Siberia, coal was sometimes liquefied by the heat of lava, and squeezed like toothpaste into cracks, solidifying lava (C). In both northern and southern Siberia, the team found lava filled with pieces of baked hydrocarbons, like raisins in a cake (D).

Publication:

• :Field evidence for coal combustion links the 252 Ma Siberian Traps with global carbon disruption.F. Goodarzi, O.H. Ardakani, R.V. Veselovskiy, B.A. Black, S.E. Grasby, L.T. Elkins-Tanton. Geology, 2020; DOI: 10.1130/G47365.1

Source: 

• http://www.ineffableisland.com/2020/06/coal-burning-in-siberia-caused-earths.html

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18-06-2020 om 21:18 geschreven door peter  

Advanced Civilization Hollow Earth Discovered? Scientists Detect Extensive Structures Near Earths Core

Scientists Detect Extensive Structures Near Earths Core, Advanced Civilization Hollow Earth?

If there is, it’s obvious that an advanced “race”, doesn’t want anything to do with we “surface” people. Proably, think we are worthless & violent, never realizing that its’ our masters that are the worthless violent types. Most of us just want to “get along” with all. Our “surface” race will never advance as long as we have the “1%” making all our decisions. GF

“Structure” doesn’t have to mean “man made”. Crystals are structures, structures can be natural too.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

18-06-2020 om 20:59 geschreven door peter  

Scientists Uncover That Humans Have A ‘Magnetic 6th Sense’ To Detect Something We Can’t Even See (Video)

by N.Morgan

This newly discovered phenomenon is called magnetoreception, and it refers to the ability to perceive magnetic fields. Several animals use it to find their way over long distances by aligning themselves with the Earth’s magnetic field. Sea turtles. honeybees, spiny lobsters, dolphins, migratory birds, and more all have a magnetic compass which allows them to use the information that’s coded into magnetic fields.

We know little beyond that, however. How they use them, how they sense them, and what information they are getting from them remains up for speculation. For all we know, these magnetic fields could be used for much more than navigation for certain species.

According to Joe Kirschvink, the geophysicist at the California Institute of Technology who is currently testing humans for a magnetic sense, “it’s part of our evolutionary history. Magnetoreception  may be the primal sense.” (source)

A recent study published by Kirschvink in the journal Nature Communications suggests that a protein in the human retina, when placed into fruit flies, has the ability to detect magnetic fields. The research claims that it can serve as a magneto sensor, but whether or not humans actually use it in this way is unknown.

“It poses the question, ‘maybe we should rethink about this sixth sense,’” University of Massachusetts Medical School researcher Steven Reppert told LiveScience. “It is thought to be very important for how animals migrate. Perhaps this protein is also fulfilling an important function for sensing magnetic fields in humans.”

In one of Kirschvink’s recent experiments, a rotating magnetic field was passed through study participants while their brainwaves were measured. He discovered that when the magnetic field was rotated counterclockwise, certain neutrons responded to this change which, in turn, generated a spike in electrical activity. This suggests a possible magnetic sense in humans.

Yet multiple questions still remain. For example, was this neural activity evidence of a magnetic sense or something else? Even if the human brain responds to these fields in some way, that doesn’t mean that information is being processed by the brain. There is still the question of what mechanisms are in place within the brain or body that receive these signals. If the body does indeed have magneto receptors, where are they? The next step for researchers is to identify them.

Kirschvink’s study is one of many publications delving into the mysteries of magnetic fields and what impact they have on human beings. The leaders in this area of research will most likely be found at the HeartMath institute. An internationally recognized nonprofit research and education organization dedicated to helping people reduce stress, self-regulate emotions, and build energy and resilience for healthy, happy lives, HeartMath tools, technology, and training teach people to rely on the intelligence of their hearts in concert with that of their minds at home, school, work, and play.

Researchers at HeartMath have begun what’s called The Global Coherence Initiative (GCI), an international cooperative effort to help activate the heart of humanity and facilitate a shift in global consciousness. It aims primarily to invite people to participate by actively adding more heart-coherent love, care, and compassion into the planetary field. The second focus is scientific research into how we are all energetically connected with each other and the planet, and how we can utilize this interconnectivity to raise our personal vibration and thereby help create a better world.

The hypotheses of the researchers and scientists behind this project are as follows:

• The Earth’s magnetic field is a carrier of biologically relevant information that connects all living systems.
• Every person affects this global information field.
• Collective human consciousness affects the global information field. Therefore, large numbers of people creating heart-centered states of care, love and compassion will generate a more coherent field environment that can benefit others and help offset the current planetary discord and incoherence.
• There is a feedback loop between human beings and Earth’s energetic/magnetic systems
• The Earth has several sources of magnetic fields that affect us all. Two of them are the geomagnetic field that emanates from the core of the Earth and the fields that exist between Earth and the ionosphere. These fields surround the entire planet and act as protective shields blocking out the harmful effects of solar radiation, cosmic rays, sand, and other forms of space weather. Without these fields, ice as we know it could not exist on Earth. They are part of the dynamic ecosystem of our planet.

Other Evidence That Humans Can Sense These Fields

These energetic fields are known to scientists, and the notion that solar activity and the rhythms taking place on Earth’s magnetic fields have an impact on health and behavior has been firmly established in the scientific literature. (source)(source)

Scientific literature is also clear on the fact that several physiological rhythms and global collective behaviors are not only synchronized with solar and geomagnetic activity but also that disruptions in these fields can create adverse effects on human health and behavior

When the Earth’s magnetic field environment is distributed it can cause sleep problems, mental confusion, usual lack of energy or a feeling of being on edge or overwhelmed for no apparent reason. At other times, when the Earth’s fields are stable and certain measures of solar activity are increased, people report increased positive feelings and more creativity and inspiration. This is likely due to a coupling between the human brain, cardiovascular and nervous system with resonating geomagnetic frequencies. (source)(source)(source)

The Earth and ionosphere generate frequencies that range from 0.01 hertz to 300 hertz, some of which are in the exact same frequency range as the one happening in our brain, cardiovascular system, and autonomic nervous system. This offers one way to explain how fluctuations in the Earth’s and Sun’s magnetic fields can influence us. Changes in these fields have also been shown to affect our brainwaves, heart rhythms, memory, athletics performance, and overall health.

Changes in the Earth’s fields from extreme solar activity have been linked to some of humanity’s greatest creations of art, as well as some of its most tragic events. (source)

We know how these fields affect us, but what about how we affect these fields? That’s the real question here. GCI scientists believe that because brain wave and heart rhythm frequencies overlap the Earth’s field resonance, we are not just receivers of biologically relevant information, but also senders of it. We feed information into the global field, thus creating a feedback loop with the Earth’s magnetic fields.

Human emotions and consciousness interact with and encode information into the geomagnetic field and this information is distributed globally. . . . We are suggesting in essence that this encoded information is communicated nonlocally between people at a subconscious level, in effect linking all living systems. Magnetic fields act as carrier waves for this information, which can influence all living systems – positively or negatively – within the field environment as well as our collective consciousness.

If we look at the heart, for example, it emits electromagnetic fields which change according to our emotions, and these can actually be measured up to several feet away from the human body.

These fields have been shown to affect not only ourselves but those around us. You can read more about that here.

This research on this topic, which is still in its infancy, has immense ramifications for our world. It will further prove and highlight the great extent to which our attitudes, emotions, and intentions matter, and that these factors within the realm of non-material science can affect all life on Earth. The coherent, cooperative intention could impact global events and improve the quality of life on Earth. Practicing love, gratitude, and appreciation, as well as bettering ourselves as individuals, are some of the many crucial action steps towards changing our planet for the better.

References: 

• https://www.collective-evolution.com/2016/07/07/scientists-discover-that-humans-have-a-magnetic-6th-sense-to-detect-something-we-cant-even-see/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dg3pza4y2ws
• Stories Contributed by N. Morgan

Videos, selected by peter2011

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

18-06-2020 om 20:46 geschreven door peter  

Black Shiny UFOs Flutter Around Over Home At Isle If Wright, England June 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: June 2020
Location of sighting: Isle of Wright, England

This young woman was keeping an eye out when she noticed several black metallic object in the sky shooting about. We were fortunate enough to get a clear video of the UFOs and they move around similar to cloud orbs. Very amazing video and since its from the island of Isle of Wright, I am convince that these UFOs came from an underwater alien base somewhere not far away. Its not one, but many of the objects, each flying at a different speed. 

Those certainly are not RC drones, because we can see them flipping in circles as they move...they are actually rotating as they move forward....not looping, but in a straight line spinning. It looks like they make make 1 spin every 2-3 seconds. Very baffling. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

18-06-2020 om 18:24 geschreven door peter  

Single Wing UFO Seen Hovering Over City In Taiwan, Raw Footage Here, June 18, 2020, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: June 18, 2020
Location of sighting: Taiwan

Here is a fantastic UFO video from my home in Taiwan. I wish I had seen this but it must have been down south a way. The object looks like a single wing UFO curved but long. It moves around easily in the wind and then moves away into the distance. The object never seems to come down, but only moves off. The UFO never falls at all, so we know its not a parachute or paraglider. Wow, just amazing raw footage. I have to admit...I have only ever seen a few cases single wing UFOs. Very unique and rare. 
Scott C. Waring 

Eyewitness states:

Once in a lifetime seeing a UFO.

18-06-2020 om 18:18 geschreven door peter  

3 UFOs Recorded On Security Cam Entering ET Base Below Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: June 16, 2020

Location of sighting: Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico

 

These three UFOs were trying to appear as meteors falling from space this week. They each fell within 90 minute period facing North West between 4:40 am until 6:08 am. Its not often a small fleet of ships come in, but this video shows us the proof that it happened. 

 

The things that make me believe its not meteors:

1. They have too small of tails. 

2. They have too small of glow. 

3. They are all falling in the same direction. 

4. They fell within a close time range of each other. 

Absolutely amazing video and defiantly proof that Puerto Rico has an alien base 5-6km below the city of Cabo Rojo. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

18-06-2020 om 18:12 geschreven door peter  

Alien Watching Pedestrians In New York, Google Earth Discovery, UFO Sighting Global Latest News.

Date of discovery: June 2020

Location of discovery: New York State, USA

Google Coordinates: 42°26'35.27"N 76°30'48.70"W

Imagine walking down the sidewalk at night in New York state staring at the river, then turning to the right and seeing the ominous alien face staring back at you. Well the face is situated below a bridge and is way back in the far end making it difficult to see anything but a face. Now at first I thought it was graffiti art, but I didn't see a lot of such art around, but there is some nearby. I also didn't see a wall it was on...because it looks like there is a hollow cavity area where its at. So I do believe this is a real alien watching passerby. Aliens in New York...we knew that already! 
Scott C. Waring 

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

18-06-2020 om 18:09 geschreven door peter  

Recent crop circle report: Hunt’s Down, Wiltshire 2020

Another great crop circle report is coming from Wiltshire. This one was found in Hunt’s Down on 17th June 2020.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

18-06-2020 om 17:56 geschreven door peter  

Researchers in Europe have now confirmed the universality of free fall – which Einstein called his most fortunate thought – with extremely high precision. To do it, they spent 8 years tracking a triple star system containing a millisecond pulsar.

Artist’s concept of the system known as PSR J0337+1715. It’s triple system, consisting of a millisecond pulsar with 2 white dwarf companions. The green mesh illustrates the curvature of space-time caused by the different masses of these 3 stars. Size and distances of the 3 components are not to scale.

Image via Michael Kramer/ MPIfR.

It’s part of science legend that Galileo dropped objects of different masses from Italy’s Leaning Tower of Pisa in order to contradict the long-held notion that heavier and lighter objects fall at different rates. In fact, all objects – irrespective of mass – fall at the same rate in a vacuum. This is called the universality of free fall, confirmed since then both on Earth and in space. Einstein himself called the universality of free fall his “most fortunate thought” since it led him eventually to the general theory of relativity. Now researchers in Europe have confirmed this fact of nature again, with extremely high precision, by tracking the motion of a triple star system containing a millisecond pulsar.

The findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal Astronomy & Astrophysics on June 10, 2020. A statement from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR) in Bonn, Germany, whose researchers participated in the study, said:

[The] findings – achieved by a new rigorous method and a combination of radio telescope data with latest insight from gravitational wave detectors – provide the strongest test ever of one of the most fundamental predictions of general relativity: that gravity attracts all objects with the same acceleration, without regard for their composition, density or the strength of their own gravitational field.

The pulsar in the system they studied – a highly compact neutron star – is called PSR J0337+1715. It orbits in a triple system with two white dwarfs, objects less compact than a neutron star, but more compact than our sun.

As described by general relativity theory, very compact objects like neutron stars curve spacetime many trillion times more strongly than planets or than our sun. These scientists said:

Perhaps more than any previous test, this result indicates that general relativity, based on the simplicity of Einstein’s most fortunate thought, really captures something fundamental about nature.

How can we understand what these scientists studied? Consider the universality of free fall in our own Earth/moon system – in the video below – which shows what’s sometimes called the Apollo 15 Hammer Feather Drop. The video shows that, on an airless world like the moon, a hammer and a feather fall at the same rate.

Much as in the video above, the new work is about a test of the universality of free fall. The scientists’ statement explained:

Pulsar PSR J0337+1715, located in the constellation Taurus, is a neutron star of 1.44 solar masses, showing regular radio pulses as it rotates 366 times per second around its own axis. It is a member of an unusual triple star system, in mutual interaction with two other stars, both of which are white dwarfs. A white dwarf is already quite exotic – a star typically the size of the Earth with a density of many hundred kilograms per cubic centimeter at its center. Compared to white dwarfs, a neutron star is truly extreme, having more mass than the sun squashed into a radius of just 12 kilometers [7 1/2 miles] and by this reaching densities of more than a billion tons within the volume of a sugar cube.

A research team, led by Guillaume Voisin (Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics/UK and Observatoire de Paris), including MPIfR astronomers Paulo Freire, Norbert Wex and Michael Kramer, and astronomers from several institutions in France, used the Nançay radio telescope, located in the Sologne region of France, to precisely measure the arrival times of the radio pulses from PSR J0337+1715 over a time interval of eight years. They can show that neutron stars and white dwarf stars fall with the same acceleration within two parts per million.

What does it mean that the neutron star and white dwarf stars fall with the same acceleration? What does falling have to do with the orbits of objects in this triple system? In fact, you can look at objects in orbit around one another as being in a state of free fall. The object with less mass is falling toward the object with more mass. However, if the less massive object has enough tangential velocity – enough speed – it won’t fall into the other body. Instead, it’ll follow a curved path around the other body. The less massive object is then said to be orbiting the more massive one. To understand more about orbits, try this post on Newton’s cannonball.

Artist’s concept of 2 bodies orbiting a common center of gravity (red cross). You can consider the less massive body as “falling” toward the more massive one. It never reaches the more massive body, though, because it’s moving too fast.

Image via Wikipedia.

What these scientists showed – to a high degree of precision – was that the orbits of the objects in the pulsar/white dwarf triple system are all “falling” at the same rate, as they pursue their mutual orbit. Since the pulsar is more massive than the white dwarf stars, this result confirms the universality of free fall: it shows that objects of different masses fall at the same rate. Guillaume Voisin commented:

Confirming it to this precision constitutes one of the most stringent tests of Einstein’s theory ever made – and the theory passes the test with flying colors. Moreover, the results also provide very stringent constraints on alternative theories of gravity, which compete with Einstein’s general relativity to explain gravity and, for example, dark energy.

Einstein’s Most Fortunate Thought

The scientists’ statement explained:

After the 1905 publication of the special theory of relativity, Einstein started thinking about how to combine his new theory with gravity, since Newton’s law of gravity is incompatible with his new principle of relativity. In the fall of 1907, an idea came to his mind: that for someone in free fall it is as if gravity has been turned off, since due to the universality of free fall everything in his environment accelerates the same way.

This simple but profound insight led Einstein eventually to understand that gravity is a manifestation of curved space-time acting on all masses the same way, a concept which is at the heart of his general theory of relativity. He later described this sudden inspiration as ‘the most fortunate thought in my life.’

• Read more about some of the applications of the new work, via MPIfR.

The scientists also pointed out that this triple system containing the pulsar PSR J0337+1715 illustrates something very profound. It shows that Einstein’s “ingenious insight” also applies to such extreme cosmic objects as neutron stars, which were discovered for the first time only 50 years after the publication of the general theory of relativity. Paulo Freire, another co-author from MPIfR, commented:

Perhaps more than any previous test, this result indicates that Einstein’s most fortunate thought really captures something fundamental about gravity and the inner workings of nature.

• Bottom line: The universality of free fall describes the fact that objects of unequal mass fall at the same rate (in a vacuum). Einstein called the universality of free fall “my most fortunate thought.” Researchers in Europe have now confirmed this fact of nature with extremely high precision, using a triple star system containing the millisecond pulsar PSR J0337+1715.
• Source: An improved test of the strong equivalence principle with the pulsar in a triple star system
• Via MPIfR

{ https://earthsky.org/ }

17-06-2020 om 22:42 geschreven door peter  

SOLAR ORBITER WILL TAKE THE CLOSEST IMAGES OF THE SUN EVER CAPTURED

The spacecraft just made its first close approach to the star.

On Monday, a spacecraft built to withstand the scorching heat of the Sun survived its first close encounter with the star.

The Solar Orbiter, the spacecraft carrying out a collaborative mission between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA), made its first close approach to the Sun, getting as close as 48 million miles to the star's surface, which is around half the distance between the Sun and the Earth.

The spacecraft launched on February 9, 2020 with the Sun as its destination, getting up close and personal with our host star in order to resolve some of the lingering mysteries regarding the Sun's magnetic field, solar storms and how the star affects its surrounding space environment.

The spacecraft is essentially flying outside the confines of the Solar System in order to peer down at the Sun, studying the star from a high altitude.

The Solar Orbiter will travel in an elliptical orbit around the Sun, completing one orbit every 168 days.

This week marked the spacecraft's first perihelion, the point in orbit closest to the Sun. Following its close approach, the team of engineers behind the Solar Orbiter will test out the spacecraft's ten science instruments for the first time since its launch.

Using the six telescopes onboard the Solar Orbiter, the team will be able to capture the closest images of the Sun ever.

“We have never taken pictures of the Sun from a closer distance than this,” Daniel Müller, ESA’s Solar Orbiter Project Scientist, said in a statement.

In January, the National Science Foundation's Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope captured the highest-resolution close-up images of the Sun's surface (and those were quite stunning), but the images were obtained from an Earth-based telescope with the planet's atmosphere getting in the way.

However, the images captured by the Solar Orbiter will be taken from space thereby showing parts of the solar spectrum that you cannot capture from Earth.

“For the first time, we will be able to put together the images from all our telescopes and see how they take complementary data of the various parts of the Sun including the surface, the outer atmosphere, or corona, and the wider heliosphere around it,” Müller said.

The images will be released to the public in mid-July.

Since the spacecraft is currently 134 million kilometers away from Earth, it will take about a week for the images to be downloaded before being processed by the team of scientists on the ground.

In addition to the telescopes, the Solar Orbiter also carries four in-situ instruments, which will measure solar wind, plasma, and other aspects of the environment around the spacecraft.

“For the in-situ instruments, this is not just a test, we are expecting new and exciting results," Yannis Zouganelis, ESA’s Solar Orbiter Deputy Project Scientist, said in a statement. “This is the first time that our in-situ instruments operate at such a close distance to the Sun, providing us with a unique insight into the structure and composition of the solar wind.”

The data from the in-situ instruments will be released to the public later this year.

The Solar Orbiter will make its second perihelion in early 2021. A year later, the mission will officially commence its science phase with its first close approach scheduled for early 2022, where the spacecraft will be as close as 26 million miles to the Sun's surface (getting closer to the Sun than the Solar System's innermost planet, Mercury).

Temperatures at that distance can reach some 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit — 13 times what any satellite in Earth orbit could experience. In order to make its mission possible, scientists developed a special black coating for the orbiter that will help it stand the heat:

NASA's Parker Solar Probe will get even closer to the Sun, a record-breaking distance of around 4 million miles from the Sun's surface. The spacecraft launched in 2018, and will reach its closest approach by June, 2025. But alas, the spacecraft does not carry telescopes that are capable of capturing close-up images of the star.

During its fifth solar encounter, the spacecraft will swoop by Venus.

NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben

The solar duo will work together to try and enhance scientists' understanding of our host star.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

17-06-2020 om 22:23 geschreven door peter  

The world of the paranormal sometimes takes a steep turn off the edge of the weird, offering up new phenomena that do not have any real category. One of these must surely be a collection of accounts linked to a phenomenon I have only recently become aware of. It all revolves around tenuous, flickering beings that seem to be made purely of white noise or static, and which seem to pop into this reality to scare and confuse. Here we will look at a selection of reports of a truly new and difficult to categorize area of reports called the “Static Things” or “Static Humanoids.”

In many cases these otherworldly beings seem to be particularly witnessed by children, and according to the very little research I’ve found on these strange entities they seem to almost be drawn to the young. It is unclear if this is some quality of youth or just that kids are more suggestible and prone to imagining things, but it seems to sometimes manifest in fairly dramatic ways. One Reddit poster called “Weavedaddy69,” who seems to have delved into the phenomenon of static humanoids and has collected many of the known accounts, has this to say about this aspect:

They are most often seen by young children, usually from the ages of 3-8, or are seen in the proximity of children. One story I found is that of a mother who saw one of these beings watching her infant son in his crib. Another tells of a young boy who went missing in the woods for several days after he followed the “Fuzzy Man”. He was eventually found alive and in perfect condition despite having been in the woods for several days. This came as a surprise to everyone who found him. The precise nature of their relationship with children is still unclear, but it continues to appear in these cases.

Such cases seem to pervade the phenomenon as a whole, and another is from a Reddit poster called “namora2018,” who says this happened when she was 8 years old. She says that at the time she was in her own home, and sitting in a lounge at the end of a hallway. Although she doesn’t remember exactly what she had been doing in that lounge, she certainly remembers the strange experience she would have there. She says:

All of a sudden I had a really powerful urge to look at the end of the hallway. We had recently brought a coat stand from a bootsale and this was in the middle of the hallway now. As I stood there I saw a human outline but entirely filled with TV like static,i remember little bits of yellow and blue in it but was mainly white and it came out of the bedroom on the left and was in a running stance but it was really weird because it was in slow motion and it ran from the left to the back door on the right. As it ran it grabbed the coat stand and pulled it down with it and it fell to the floor. I was just standing there after in shock and soo scared. I ran to my sister and told her what happened and when we went back to the hallway the stand was still on the floor. That was the only time I saw it, I don’t know why I saw it or why it pulled the stand down it was all just surreal. I did have some other experiences in that house that were paranormal so maybe it was connected.

A similar case comes from a poster called “Joshiebear,” again happening in the confines of a home. In this case the witness, who was a kid at the time, remembers getting up one evening to get a glass of water, after which he went into his parents’ room. He doesn’t recall why he went into the room, but feels as if he might have been drawn there by something, and that is when he had an odd encounter. He says:

When I walked into their room (no door) I saw on the other side of their bed a huge humanoid shape that looked like it was made of static from a TV, except the white was purple, and kind of like when you rub your eyes through your eyelids. I immediately just laid down and went to sleep right there and woke up there in the morning. Don’t think I ever told anyone’s about it until years later. I was 3 or 4 so it’s possible my imagination just went nuts but it always stuck with me.

It seems that in some cases these encounters can become recurring, starting when the witness is very young, but continuing into later life. Reddit poster “Jellybeansidhe” is one such case, and explains that since a very young age he has had occasional episodes of seeing a “Visual Snow” in his field of vision, like a TV static overlaid over everything seen, and it is through this crackling veneer of white noise that he says humanoid shapes take form. These entities congeal out of the static, seemingly made of this visual snow, and, according to him, appeared “in corners, at the edge of the bed, in windowsills, and “dancing” in fields.” This phenomenon haunted him throughout his childhood, but he always thought it was just poor vision and pareidolia. However, when in later years he had corrective eye surgery done the phenomenon did not go away, and neither did the entities. He says:

I was incredibly myopic and I have an astigmatism. However, last December I had prk- a laser eye surgery, and the static never went away. Because it’s always been there, if I’m not focused on it I can sort of tune out the static (like a white noise) and that’s how I usually go about the day to day. When I was a kid I always told myself it was just my imagination, but laying in my bed at night it was hard to believe it was all in my head.

Now, in the past four years, I’ve stopped trying to ignore them. I don’t avidly seek them out, but I must admit that there is something magnetic about them. I’m not sure if I’m making any sense; the whole situation is difficult to describe. First, comes the anxiety. Then I see them, and then something just clicks. It could just be depersonalization or derealization, but it’s all so very surreal. I try to draw features when I can, but the more I focus on them the more their features seem to shift without moving.

I used to think they were aliens. I was always terrified of aliens. Then I thought they were the “Good Folk”. Now I believe that it’s all the same. To me it doesn’t really matter if they’re a figment of my mind, or an actual entity (aliens or fairies or ghosts or whatever). Regardless of the nature of their existence – I see them. Others see them. So something, somehow- some way, must be there.

In a few cases these static entities do appear to adults, and in another report we have a witness in Mexico who goes by the user name “Rakzo5532.” He tells of his encounter with what he calls a “static man” as follows:

I don’t speak English very well so I hope you can understand if I misspell, i try to tell you my experience with a “static man”, but first to but first to enter in context, I am from Mexico more specifically in a in a city called Córdoba in the state of Veracruz, I living in a small house, in my room I have a television I have a television from the mid 90’s which does not work, with that said I will start with my experience: this happened to me two weeks ago while it was already dark, at approximately twelve or one in the morning, I was asleep when I wake up from a feeling of too much terror, feeling like someone is looking at me I see in my room, looking if something is in my room, when I started to see as a human being made of statics, I don’t know if leaving my television or entering this, I fear to get out of bed and go to the door of my room where I keep a weapon to defend myself in case of an intruder in my house, meanwhile I see this thing disappear in a very strange way, like it’s out like smoke. I go to my bed trying to analyze what happened and try to sleep, and this is all my experience with static creatures.

What could these entities possibly be? The Reddit researcher of this phenomenon, “Weavedaddy,” suggests that, other than their tendency to gravitate towards the young, there are other commonalities between many of these cases, which might serve to somehow shed some light on what is a very bizarre area of the paranormal. He explains of some of his observations:

They always manifest as humanoid. Every story I’ve heard always describes them as humanoid. They may have exaggerated features, such as elongated limbs or inhuman faces, but their overall form is always humanoid. What this signifies is still beyond me, but it is an element that always appears. They aren’t malicious. I haven’t yet come across a story of them attacking or harming anyone. They scare the shit out of people, and can appear very menacing, but they don’t appear to have any malicious intent. This points to another intriguing aspect that I am currently investigating. That they are intelligent.

What is going on here? What could such anomalous entities possible be, and what does it all mean? Is this related to hauntings, demons, or something altogether stranger? Could this be related to interdimensional phenomena, with these entities briefly pushing through the veil between realities? It is difficult to say, and it is certainly a rather new and unexplored section of the paranormal that will perhaps become clearer as time goes on.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

17-06-2020 om 21:15 geschreven door peter  

New calculations could shed light on the fate of our own species and planet

17-06-2020 om 20:28 geschreven door peter  

17-06-2020 om 19:55 geschreven door peter  

Alien Ship Hiding In Cloud Heading To Silicon Valley, CA, June 16, 2020, Photo, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: June 16, 2020

Location of sighting: Holland River Marina, California, USA

Source: -

• Instagram https://www.instagram.com/hollandriversidemarina/

A employee at boat rental on  yesterday saw a UFO shaped cloud passing over and took a great photo of it. As we all know, UFOs try to come down as low as possible and they create clouds around them to hide to accomplish this. This is an awesome UFO disk in this photo. Its got the huge disk with a massive lower center hump in it. Classic all the way. Sure aliens in California seems to make a lot of sense  especially since Silicon Valley is the tech capital of the world. Yes, some aliens do help humanity. Yes, there are aliens working in Silicon Valley, CA. Yes, Holland River Marina is just 45 miles or 70 km from Silicon Valley. Case closed. 

Scott C. Waring 

 

NOTE:

videos of UFOS hinding in clouds, selected by peter2011

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

17-06-2020 om 18:44 geschreven door peter  

Lady Gaga: I've Always Liked To Shapeshift. Admits To Being An Alien, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of interview: Oct 5, 2018
Location of video: Hollywood, California, USA

Now here is something I haven't seen before. Lady Gaga did an interview on the Late Show and she admitted by accident that she likes to SHAPESHIFT. Its a known fact that aliens live among us, most are not here to help as much as profit off the human race and create a luxury lifestyle for themselves. Lady Gaga may be one of them. The reptilian species is known to have a powerful technological cloaking device around their body that makes them appear human. But this cloak sometimes fails and for a few seconds  shows the true species they are. Lady Gaga however accidentally admitted the truth...that she can shapeshift. Reptilians are known for choosing to be shapeshift into being beautiful women due to the men around them overlooking their extreme intelligent due to being blinded by the woman beauty. I think this is the case here. It looks like Lady Gaga is an alien and accidentally revealed it to the world in her on words on national TV. Don't take my word for it...watch the video...and take her word for it instead. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

 

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

17-06-2020 om 18:21 geschreven door peter