Kid On School Bus Records UFO Over Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Nov 2, 2020, MUFON, UFO Sighting News. 

Date of sighting: Nov 2, 2020
Location of sighting: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

 

A student was still in a school bus when he recorded a dark triangle object passing his school. The boy asked his friends "What is it?" Then he responded to himself saying UFO, and then possibly a kite. But as I watch this strange object in the sky the diamond shape does remind me of thousands of UFO reports that came in just this year alone of such similar looking craft. Even the US Navy have reported some infrared footage with a UFO that looks very close to this one over Philadelphia. This video is powerful evidence that UFOs not only exist, but are deliberately allowing themselves to be seen in public places. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

 

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05-11-2020 om 18:21 geschreven door peter  

UFO fleet flying across Long Beach, California 3-Nov-2020

These multiple unidentified flying objects were seen and recorded in the sky above Long Beach, a coastal city and port in Southern California. This happened on Tuesday, 3rd November 2020.

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05-11-2020 om 18:05 geschreven door peter  

Possible TR-3B UFO sighting over Pomona, California 1-Nov-2020

Check out this interesting footage of a possible triangle UFO – T3-RB that was filmed over Pomona, a city in Los Angeles County, California. This happened on Sunday, 1st November 2020 at around 4pm.

Witness stated that it was not moving for about 3 hours.

Check out this amazing book about the top 10 UFO cases in the history.

Get your’s on Amazon: Top 10 UFO Sightings: Best Cases: Aliens are visiting us

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05-11-2020 om 17:44 geschreven door peter  

Unknown lights witnessed over Melbourne, Australia 25-Oct-2020

These bright unidentified flying objects were filmed in the sky above Melbourne, Australia on 25th October 2020.

Witness report: 

Not sure what we seen… never seen this before. Living on the spacecoast we seen a lot of beautiful rocket Launches. What we seen doesn’t make sense. I posted the videos online to ask others. Some people saying Flares but no aircraft flying or sounds of one in the air. It was a very still night and clear sky’s. My video would’ve been better if I didn’t have a bright street light in my way. I was able to video some at the end when I grabbed my phone.

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05-11-2020 om 17:34 geschreven door peter  

SCIENTISTS CONFIRM THE SOURCE OF MYSTERIOUS RADIO BURSTS IN THE MILKY WAY

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05-11-2020 om 01:10 geschreven door peter  

CRASH

SCIENTISTS OBSERVE GALAXY CLUSTER COLLISIONS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE

ACROSS THE VAST COSMOS, EACH GALAXY stretches some 3,000 to 300,000 light years in diameter. These massive structures tend to be separated from one another by millions of light years. But some are much closer together, grouped to form one of the largest structures in the universe — a galaxy cluster.

Galaxy clusters contain hundreds to thousands of galaxies, bound to one another by the force of gravity.

Incredibly, these huge structures can also collide, smashing into one another over the course of millions of years. Hidden in these collisions are clues to how the universe itself formed and evolved. For the first time, a team of scientists has observed nine massive collisions between galaxy clusters in the early universe. These cataclysmic events, which took place 7 billion years ago, are the most distant to have ever been observed.

The observations are detailed in a study published Monday in the journal Nature Astronomy.

Gabriella Di Gennaro is a researcher at Leiden University in the Netherlands and lead author of the new study. She and her team looked for these collisions by observing a sample of galaxy clusters.

"We didn’t know how many of these clusters were colliding," Di Gennaro tells Inverse. "We looked at ones located far in the universe."

Using the Dutch-European network of linked LOFAR antennas, the researchers gathered unprecedentedly detailed data from galaxy clusters located at greater distances than ever before.

As galaxy clusters merge together, the motion created by the collision accelerates the particles located within the clusters to almost the speed of light. As they come in contact with the magnetic fields of the clusters, the accelerated particles emit radio waves.

Di Gennaro compares it to throwing a stone in a lake, and the ripples that are created from the impact.

"These ripples generate turbulent motions inside the clusters," she says. "It’s all about turbulent motion, shock waves that propagate from the point of impact to the external parts of the lake."

Previous attempts to capture these radio waves were unsuccessful because our instruments were just not powerful enough to catch them from such long distances. The radio waves observed in this study were produced by collisions that took place 7 billion light years away. The universe is currently 13.8 billion years old. So these collisions took place around halfway through its cosmic lifespan.

By observing the galaxy cluster collisions, the scientists were surprised to find that the mergers produced brighter radio emissions than previously expected for a young universe.

"What we see now, and what we see 7 billion years ago, is actually the same," Di Gennaro says. "The only difference we can see is that when the universe was young, there was a higher probability of finding these collisions."

Astronomers study galaxies in order to test out the current theories of cosmology and the model that they have of the universe.

"Galaxies are the final point of evolution," Di Gennaro says.

Observing galaxies can inform scientists of processes such as star formation and understanding the laws of physics that govern the universe.

As the technology behind space telescopes continues to improve, scientists are expecting to observe a lot more of these distant collisions and be able to analyze them in more detail.

Abstract: 

In the present-day Universe, magnetic fields pervade galaxy clusters¹ and have strengths of a few microgauss, as measured from Faraday rotation². Evidence for cluster magnetic fields is also provided by the observation of megaparsec-scale radio emission, namely radio halos and relics³. These are commonly found in merging systems⁴ and are characterized by a steep radio spectrum S_ν (α < −1, where S_ν∝ν^α and is ν the observing frequency). It is widely believed that magneto-hydrodynamical turbulence and shock waves (re-)accelerate cosmic rays⁵ and produce radio halos and relics. The origin and amplification of magnetic fields in clusters is not well understood. It has been proposed that turbulence drives a small-scale dynamo^{6,7,8,9,10,11} that amplifies seed magnetic fields (which are primordial and/or injected by galactic outflows, such as active galactic nuclei, starbursts or winds¹²). At high redshift, radio halos are expected to be faint, owing to losses from inverse Compton scattering and the dimming effect with distance. Moreover, Faraday rotation measurements are difficult to obtain. If detected, distant radio halos provide an alternative tool to investigate magnetic field amplification. Here, we report Low Frequency Radio Array observations that reveal diffuse radio emission in massive clusters when the Universe was only half of its present age, with a sample occurrence fraction of about 50%. The high radio luminosities indicate that these clusters have similar magnetic field strengths to those in nearby clusters, and suggest that magnetic field amplification is fast during the first phases of cluster formation.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

05-11-2020 om 00:52 geschreven door peter  

Would you believe that sunlight has the ability to change the course of asteroids and comets? It can. Consider the example of asteroid Bennu, which made headlines last month when NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft successfully collected a sample of dust from its surface (the spacecraft is due to return to Earth in 2023). Bennu has been known since at least 2012 to undergo the delicate nudge of what is called the Yarkovsky effect. It’s a minuscule push on an asteroid, imparted by nothing more than sunlight.

The effect of sunlight on rotating asteroids is tiny in contrast to the gravitational forces acting on asteroids as they move through the solar system. But – over many years – the tiny pushing effect of sunlight mounts up, so that asteroids have a tough time sticking to their orbits. Rotating asteroids drift widely over time. It’s a factor that complicates the picture for scientists trying to assess the long-term risk of asteroids on Earth-crossing orbits.

• The 2021 lunar calendars are here! Order yours before they’re gone. Makes a great gift!

The Yarkovsky effect – sometimes called the Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect – happens because, just as on Earth, the side of an asteroid facing the sun is warmed by sunlight. On asteroid Bennu, for example, a single spin takes just 4 hours and 17.8 minutes, so the part of the asteroid’s surface that faces the sun is constantly shifting. As Bennu rotates, it continuously expels heat from its ever-shifting sunlit side. As its surface heats up during the day and cools down at night, Bennu gives off radiation that can act as a sort of mini-thruster.

This tiny force is the Yarkovsky effect. Because of it, Bennu’s rotation has been found to be speeding up by about 1 second per century. In other words, Bennu’s rotation period is getting shorter by about 1 second every 100 years.

The animation below shows how sunlight alters the orbit of a rotating asteroid via the Yarkovsky effect.

The Yarkovsky effect also changes the orbit of asteroids. For asteroids that spin in a prograde direction – that is, the asteroid spins in the same direction it’s orbiting – the asteroid gets a push in the direction of its orbital motion. The asteroid speeds up and moves out to a slightly larger orbit.

The opposite happens for an asteroid rotating in a retrograde direction, opposite from its orbital motion. A retrograde rotator gets pushed backwards due to the Yarkovsky effect. It is effectively slowed down and falls towards the sun on an increasingly smaller orbit.

The OSIRIS-REx team explains how this works in the video below:

Knowing the precise orbit of the asteroid is essential to a successful spacecraft encounter. That’s why – for asteroid Bennu, the target of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft mission – astronomers observed every close passage of the asteroid and bounced signals from radio telescopes off the asteroid’s surface. By measuring the delay in the return signal, researchers were able to measure accurately how far the asteroid was from Earth. Repeated observations beginning in 1999 (when the asteroid was discovered) and into this century – using the Arecibo and Goldstone radio telescopes – revealed the Yarkovsky effect acting on asteroid Bennu.

• Read more: Astronomers find a Yarkovsky effect for infamous asteroid Apophis

Between 1999 and 2012 – when a measurement of the Yarkovsky effect for asteroid Bennu was first announced – Bennu had wandered by about 100 miles (160 km) from where it otherwise would have been. The discrepancy is entirely the result of heat radiating from the asteroid’s surface.

Like the proverbial tortoise racing the hare, slow and steady is the way the Yarkovsky effect manifests itself. If you guessed that the thrust imparted by radiation is tiny, you would be right. Asteroid Bennu – 68 million tons of mass, a third of a mile (half a kilometer) wide – is being pushed around by a force equal to, as team member Steven Chesley said in 2012, the weight of three grapes on Earth. That’s about half an ounce (14 grams).

Understanding the evolution of our solar system requires taking into account all the forces at play, no matter how small. If the weight of three grapes can shove an entire asteroid off course by 100 miles over a dozen years, what about over 1,000 years? Or a 100,000? Or a billion?

Ivan Yarkovsky (1844-1902).

Image via Wikipedia.

The Yarkovsky effect was first described by a Russian civil engineer named Ivan Yarkovsky around the year 1900. Yarkovsky, born in 1844, worked for the Alexandrovsk railway company for more than 20 years, exploring railroad technology. During that time, he also dabbled in other scientific pursuits. His interest in the motions of the planets led to the publishing of a pamphlet describing the effect that would come to bear his name.

His work would have been lost had it not been rediscovered by Ernst Opik and made widely known in 1951.

In the years since Yarkovsky published his musings, planetary astronomers have come to realize that his effect has most likely dramatically changed entire families of asteroids and played an essential role in the movement of objects from the main asteroid belt to Earth. In fact, without this effect, the Earth would have experienced fewer asteroid impacts over its history. One is left to wonder if any mass extinctions were the result of just half an ounce of pressure on one side of a rock quietly orbiting between Mars and Jupiter.

Astronomy often focuses on the large, the vast, and the highly energetic. But sometimes, very small forces can alter the evolution of an entire planetary system. The Yarkovsky effect is one example. An imbalance in the radiation of heat off an asteroid changes its orbit.

And that change can make the difference between the status quo and mass extinction.

Title page of Ivan Yarkovsky’s pamphlet, privately published in Bryansk, Russia in 1901. This is where the concept of his effect appeared for the first time (although in a context that’s now obsolete; he assumed that ether existed between solar system bodies).

Image via Scholarpedia..

• Bottom line: An ounce of force from an imbalance in sunlight can steer asteroids into (or out of) Earth-crossing orbits. This is the Yarkovsky effect, a minuscule push on an asteroid, imparted by nothing more than sunlight. Given a long-enough time, the effect can drastically alter the layout of the solar system.
• Read more: Astronomers find a Yarkovsky effect for infamous asteroid Apophis

{ https://earthsky.org/ }

05-11-2020 om 00:27 geschreven door peter  

Astronomers in Hawaii have detected the Yarkovsky effect – a minuscule push imparted by sunlight – for asteroid Apophis. The effect is particularly important for Apophis, because it relates to the possibility of an Earth impact in 2068.

Orbit of asteroid Apophis (pink) in contrast to the orbit of Earth (blue). The yellow dot represents the sun. Apophis takes 323.6 days to orbit the sun. Earth takes 365.3 days.

Image via Phoenix7777/ Wikimedia Commons.

Astronomers at the University of Hawaii issued a statement on October 26, 2020, revealing critical new findings linked to the large near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis, which is expected to pass close to Earth in 2029, 2036 and again in 2068. Dave Tholen and collaborators announced they have now detected a Yarkovsky acceleration on asteroid Apophis, arising from a minuscule push imparted by sunlight. This force is particularly important for asteroid Apophis, the scientists in Hawaii said, because it relates to the possibility of an Earth impact in 2068.

• The 2021 lunar calendars are here! Order yours before they’re gone. Makes a great gift!

Tholen and colleagues used the 323-inch (8.2-meter) Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, to make the new observations. Their work suggests that the huge space rock – whose estimated diameter is between 1,115 and 1,214 feet (340 to 370 meters) – is drifting more than 500 feet (about 170 meters) per year from its expected position in its orbit.

The team will present their research later this week at a virtual conference held under the auspices of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas. Referring to the encounter in 2029, the conference is called Apophis T-9 Years.

Goldstone and Arecibo radar observations confirm that Apophis is elongated.

Image via NASA/JPL.

Tholen – who has been tracking the motion of Apophis in the sky since he and his colleagues discovered it from Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona, in on June 19, 2004 – commented in the statement:

We have known for some time that an impact with Earth is not possible during the 2029 close approach.

The new observations we obtained with the Subaru telescope earlier this year were good enough to reveal the Yarkovsky acceleration of Apophis, and they show that the asteroid is drifting away from a purely gravitational orbit by about 170 meters [about 500 feet] per year, which is enough to keep the 2068 impact scenario in play.

These observations aren’t easy to obtain and analyze, by the way. Factors such as the asteroid’s distance at the time of observation, its composition, its shape and its surface features all affect the outcome.

But astronomers are pushing to understand the orbit of asteroid Apophis because of its close sweeps past our planet in this century and beyond.

• Read more about the Yarkovsky effect: Pushing asteroids around with sunlight

Because of the distance, asteroid 99942 Apophis appears as a small dot in this telescope image.

Image via University of Hawaii.

In recent years, astronomers have been able to find and track tiny asteroids sweeping very near the Earth. For example, on September 24, 2020, asteroid 2020 SW swept even closer to us than our meteorological and television satellites as well as other geostationary satellites, which orbit our planet at some 22,300 miles (35,900 km) from Earth’s surface. Asteroid 2020 SW came within about 7% of the Earth-moon distance. But asteroid 2020 SW is estimated to be only about 14 to 32 feet (about 4.5 to 10 meters) in diameter. That’s very small in contrast to asteroid Apophis.

Asteroid Apophis will have an extremely close encounter with Earth on April 13, 2029. At its closest in 2029, Apophis will sweep just 23,441 miles (37,725 km) from our planet, or about 10% of the Earth-moon distance. That’s very close for a space rock over 1,115 ft (340 meters) across! Lance Benner of NASA/JPL commented:

This will be the closest approach by something this large currently known. (In 2029) Apophis will be visible to the unaided eye for several hours, and Earth tides will probably change its spin state.

This animation shows the distance between the Apophis asteroid and Earth at the time of the asteroid’s closest approach in 2029. The blue dots are manmade satellites orbiting our planet, and the pink represents the International Space Station.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech.

Although the probability of an impact from asteroid Apophis for 2029 and 2036 has been ruled out, the new findings suggest that there might be a very small chance of impact in April 2068. Previous calculations made in 2016 had all but ruled out the probability of an impact on 2068. The chance of an impact was seen in 2016 as vanishingly small, at just 1 in 150,000 odds of impact, or a 99.99933% chance the asteroid would miss the Earth. The new findings might slightly change these numbers again, as new calculations are made using both the recent data and new observations that will be made very soon.

Astronomers will know well before 2068 if there is any chance of an impact from Apophis. And opportunities for observing asteroid Apophis are coming up again soon.

Another radar image of asteroid 99942 Apophis.

Image via NASA/ JPL.

This year, and next (December 2020 and April 2021) astronomers are planning to study asteroid Apophis using NASA’s NEOWISE infrared space telescope. This is the same telescope that discovered 2020’s favorite comet, Comet NEOWISE, which has now faded from view.

Due to its short orbital period around the sun of only 323.6 days (less than an Earth year), asteroid Apophis comes by this region of the solar system quite often and will have a distant encounter with Earth in just a few months. On the night of March 5, 2021, the huge space rock will pass at 10,471,577 miles (16,852,369 km) from our planet, i.e. about 44 times the distance to the moon. Apophis is then expected to reach a visual magnitude of 15 to 16, too faint to be seen in small telescopes, but within the reach of 12-inch-diameter and larger telescopes, and possibly even smaller telescopes using sensitive cameras.

Astronomers will also study Apophis during the 2021 flyby with radar observations, using the Goldstone observatory in California. If the Arecibo observatory is sufficiently repaired by that time, studies of Apophis from there would be significant, as the radio telescope in Puerto Rico would provide more detailed detections of this asteroid.

These observations of Apophis should improve our knowledge of its shape and spin state, and they’ll help reduce uncertainties in the space rock’s orbit caused by Yarkovsky acceleration.

This 2021 flyby will be Apophis’ closest approach until the great encounter in 2029.

Friday, April 13, 2029, will be more of a showtime for the general public and astronomers alike. Apophis will come so close that it’ll be visible to the unaided eye alone; something that almost never happens with asteroids! According to NASA, Apophis will first become visible in the Southern Hemisphere and will look like a speck of light moving across Australia during this close encounter. It will be over the Atlantic Ocean at its closest approach to Earth. It will move so fast that it crosses the Atlantic in just an hour, and will have crossed the U.S. in the late afternoon/early evening within the next hour. Calculations indicate that Apophis will reach a visual magnitude of 3.1 during this approach, comparable to the stars in the Little Dipper. It is expected to be visible to the unaided eye from some areas of Australia, western Asia, Africa, and Europe.

An asteroid is quite the traveller: While the semi-major axis (the largest diameter of its elongated orbit) of Apophis’ orbit now is shrinking by 170 meters (500 feet) per year, Dave Tholen told EarthSky that this will change:

The 2029 close approach to the Earth will increase the semi-major axis significantly, changing Apophis from an asteroid of the Aten variety to one of the Apollo variety. Average orbital speed will slow down as a result.

So currently, Apophis has a semi-major axis smaller than that of the Earth and occasionally crosses paths with our orbit. This makes it an Aten category asteroid in the Near Earth Objects (NEO) classifications, and means that the asteroid spends the majority of its time inside the Earth’s orbit around the sun. After 2029, it will join the ranks of Apollo objects, which still cross Earth’s orbit but have a semi-major axis larger than the Earth’s. That is, Apophis will then live its majority of time outside of Earth’s orbit.

Like many other asteroids, Apophis has been classified as a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid by the International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Center.

According to some estimates, an asteroid the size of Apophis can be expected to strike Earth about every 80,000 years.

As a result of the extremely close approach of April 2029, it is expected that perturbations caused by Earth’s gravity will change Apophis’ orbit from the Aten to the Apollo class.

Image via NASA/ JPL.

• Bottom line: Asteroid Apophis is a relatively large body, noteworthy for its extremely close approaches to Earth in 2029, 2036 and 2068. Astronomers in Hawaii have now measured a Yarkovsky effect for this asteroid – a change in its orbital motion, due to a tiny push imparted by sunlight as the asteroid spins – as they strive to pin down the asteroid’s orbit with precision.
• Read more about the Yarkovsky effect: Pushing asteroids around with sunlight
• Via University of Hawaii

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://earthsky.org/ }

04-11-2020 om 23:55 geschreven door peter  

Neanderthals and Humans Were at War… For 100,000 Years!

Once much of Eurasia was dominated by Neanderthals, our archaic human ancestors. And the extinction of Neanderthals is one of the great mysteries in science. An evolutionary biologist and paleontologist now believe that the extinction of Neanderthals was the result of losing a 100,000-year war with anatomically modern humans. It seems that the expansion of our ancient human ancestors across Eurasia was a result of conquest.

The Neanderthals and the ancestors of the modern humans separated in Africa over 500,000 years ago. Homo neanderthalensis migrated into the Middle East and spread over much of Europe and Asia. According to BBC Future they “They weren't our ancestors, but a sister species, evolving in parallel.” The Neanderthals were not primitive cavemen and women: they were comparatively quite advanced. They were capable hunters who lived in complex social systems. Neanderthals had a culture, and even buried their dead, which may indicate they even had some form of religion.

Neanderthals Were Predators and Territorial Like Us

Anatomically modern humans left Africa about 200,000 years ago. We know that they encountered Neanderthals because there is some evidence of interbreeding between the two hominins. This may indicate that the two species lived in harmony and even cooperated.

Nicholas R Longrich, who teaches evolutionary biology and paleontology at the University of Bath, Britain wrote in Science Alert that “It's tempting to see them in idyllic terms, living peacefully with nature and each other, like Adam and Eve in the Garden.” Many philosophers believed that war and violence are modern phenomena that were biproducts of civilization.

Prehistoric Neanderthals or Homo Sapiens? It's difficult to say as we were so similar.

(Gorodenkoff / Adobe Stock )

But as Longrich writes in Science Alert “Biology and paleontology paint a darker picture.” Neanderthals were predators and they were hard-wired to be territorial. They would defend their territory with violence, and they would work in a cooperative way to fight off all trespassers. This means that the extinction of Neanderthals could not have been easy.

Territorial Behavior

Defending one’s territory and using violence to do so, if necessary, was a trait that Neanderthals, modern humans and chimpanzees all inherited from their ancestors. As a result, modern humans and our sister species, the Neanderthals, were programmed to be violent when protecting their territory.

Longrich told BBC Future that “ cooperative aggression evolved in the common ancestor of chimps and ourselves 7 million years ago.” This impulse is the root of all organized violence and war. The expert also stated in Science Alert that “War isn't a modern invention, but an ancient, fundamental part of our humanity.” Evidence for this is everywhere in the archaeological record and in our earliest myths.

• DNA Study Reveals We Have a Mystery Human Ancestor
• Neanderthals Mated with Modern Humans Much Earlier than Previously Thought, Study Finds
• Neanderthals may have been the first to boil their food

Neanderthals were remarkably similar to modern humans. They behaved as we do, and Longrich said in Science Alert that “If Neanderthals shared so many of our creative instincts, they probably shared many of our destructive instincts, too.” So, when the ancestors of modern humans left Africa and encountered other species of archaic humans, conflict and war was inevitable.

The Stone Age archaeological record has provided us with some examples of prehistoric stone tools or weapons of violence. Probably, these tools were used for daily life and territorial defense.

(Jiffy Photography / Adobe Stock )

A look at the paleontological record shows that there is evidence of trauma on the bones of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. The primitive weapons found by archaeologists at prehistoric sites also tell a tale of violence, as the bone record does. In particular, it seems that young Neanderthal males showed signs of injuries from blunt force trauma. These would have been the fighters of their groups and this may indicate that they were injured or killed in violent confrontations. While some deaths may have been accidental, some may have been the result of raids and ambushes.

The Extinction of Neanderthals Took 100,000 Years!

There is a real possibility that Neanderthals and early humans were engaged in violence similar to the inter-tribal conflicts of the past and even present. The Neanderthals resisted the incursions of modern humans into their territories. Longrich told the Daily Express that this “led to a 100,000-year war to determine who was top dog.” So, the extinction of Neanderthals was not fast: it took humans a long time to achieve.

The Neanderthals were formidable foes. This was because they survived for tens of thousands of years after encountering modern humans. They were capable hunters, and they had the skills and weapons to resist newcomers. Moreover, they were stockier and stronger than our ancestors, and probably had better night vision, which could have helped them in ambushes after dark. This means that the extinction of Neanderthals was not necessarily an obvious outcome. We won but not so fast . . .

A prehistoric cave painting showing a battle between two groups, who may have been Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens. As we know, the Homo Sapiens were the ones who won the war.

(lolloj / Adobe Stock )

So How Did Humans Eventually Win This Long War?

The war between the two human species ebbed and flowed for many thousands of years. Likely there was a stalemate between the two species for countless millennia and it was a war of attrition. BBC Future reports that “In Israel and Greece, archaic Homo sapiens took ground only to fall back against Neanderthal counteroffensives.” It took our ancestors some 75,000 years to achieve the extinction of Neanderthals from what is now Israel and Greece.

No one is sure why early modern humans were ultimately able to prevail against their sister species. The Daily Express quotes Longrich as stating that “It’s possible the invention of superior ranged weapons – bows, spear-throwers, throwing clubs – let lightly-built Homo sapiens harass the stocky Neanderthals from a distance using hit-and-run tactics.” Over time, we evolved and acquired advantages that, eventually, resulted in the extinction of Neanderthals.

However, it is also possible that our ancestors used better hunting techniques and had other strategic advantages. Our early hunting groups may have been bigger than those of the Neanderthals. And with more fighters, humans may have had an advantage.

The theory that our ancestors eventually overcame the Neanderthals through violence, seems to support the view that they disappeared because they were exterminated by H. sapiens . However, there are also other theories to explain the extinction of Neanderthals, including disease, failure to adapt to changing environments and even a lack of genetic diversity.

• Top image: Neanderthal warrior           
• Source: Gorodenkoff / Adobe Stock

By Ed Whelan

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

04-11-2020 om 23:24 geschreven door peter  

By Maria Temming

{ https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

04-11-2020 om 23:05 geschreven door peter  

“Meeting an advanced civilization could be like Native Americans encountering Columbus” 

– Stephen Hawking

• Alexander Panov is a top scientist at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University. He is the leader of the SETI scientific and cultural center under the Council on Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), and chairman of the Life and Mind in the Universe department of the Council on Astronomy of the RAS. Panov told the Russian state media outlet RIA Novosti that the reason humans haven’t been formally introduced to alien civilizations is that we’re just an experiment.
• Panov believes that extraterrestrials have the whole of humanity under Earthly imprisonment, and they do not want to interfere with our natural progression to see if we will evolve into anything worthwhile, or whether we’ll just destroy everything in our paths on a quest for answers that have always been beyond our reach. We are essentially cosmic entertainment. “It lies in the fact that highly humanized civilizations do not interfere in our development and have created a quarantine zone around us, a radio silence zone so as not to interfere with our independent development,” Panov told RIA Novosti.
• If Panov’s theory is accurate, the we humans are down here making art, writing books, and hoping that our social media followers will “like” our stupid photos. We think we’re at the top of the food chain. All the while, interplanetary beings are up there tapping on the aquarium glass, giving us stupid pet names, and talking about how cute we are. They must be amused at how we use different interpretations of manmade texts to wage wars against each other, commit acts of terror, and otherwise keep us from getting along.
• Our extraterrestrial overlords must marvel at how Americans now have two presidential candidates fighting over a political office that neither would be able to find, if not for GPS. If Earth really is just entertainment for a superior class of extraterrestrials, they are getting their money’s worth. Why would they want to reveal themselves and ruin a good thing?
• So it’s probably for the best that we keep the aliens laughing. Otherwise, they might get bored, swoop down here with ray-guns blazing, and show us what it’s really like to live in a dystopia. The last thing any of us need is to become sex slaves to a society of malevolent green anarchists.

If you hang around outside long enough at night, it’s impossible not to wonder, “Are we alone in the universe?” Especially if you’ve just consumed a handful of magic mushrooms and are listening to “Echoes” from Pink Floyd’s Meddle album. Oh, and if there happens to be a couple of dogs barking incessantly in the background, forget about it. That’s when those deep thoughts really start to make a man feel like a lost character in the last twenty minutes of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, and he’s catapulting at speeds through unseen dimensions only to end up at the death bed portal known as the end. You can almost smell the door that leads to the other side.

Whew!

Let’s just say they were really good shrooms, and leave it at that. But it goes without saying that even without mind-altering chemicals coursing through the old noggin, the question remains: Are we the only “intelligent” life floating around in outer space? Religious nuts often scoff at the idea of life outside our pissant planet – their guidebook doesn’t say anything about beady-eyed men — but evidence has surfaced over the decades showing that there’s a pretty damn good chance other civilizations exist. And maybe, perhaps, quite possibly, those big-head bastards aren’t huge fans of humanity. Or better yet, maybe they are our master controllers, and we’re all just part of one big project assembled for their amusement. Yikes! The apostles didn’t write anything about that, did they?

It might sound a bit far-fetched to suggest that we are actually walking around in an alien ant farm and that life as we know it cannot be explained because we’re nothing but meaningless specimens of test-tube tomfoolery. But that could be the case. No, this isn’t some warped idea that I conjured during a psychedelic trip underneath the starry skies. It is one that a leading Russian scientist would be willing to bet his left nut and a bottle of vodka on. Well, we didn’t actually ask him whether he’d give up a testicle if his theory proved to be a load of caca, but he seems pretty confident.

And, truthfully, it’s probably for the best that we keep the aliens laughing as long as humanly possible. Otherwise, they might get bored, swoop down here with all ray-guns blazing, and show us what it’s really like to live in a dystopia. The last thing any of us need is to become sex slaves to a society of green anarchists and spend the rest of our days getting violated by a creature with seven peckers.

All of a sudden, the upcoming election doesn’t sound so bad.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://brobible.com/ - https://exonews.org/ }

04-11-2020 om 22:56 geschreven door peter  

HELLO?

SCIENTISTS PINPOINT HOW MANY PLANETS IN THE MILKY WAY COULD HOST LIFE

THE MILKY WAY CONTAINS AT LEAST 100 BILLION PLANETS. And scientists are hell-bent on finding which ones might harbor life.

Our galactic neighborhood may be bustling with other worlds, but a new study estimates that a mere 300 million of those 100 billion planets may have the right ingredients for life.

And some of them may be closer than we think.

The study, published on preprint server ArXiv and accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal, provides perhaps the most reliable estimate of habitability in our galaxy to date

Previous guesses at how much of the Milky Way may be habitable have ranged between as much as 40 billion and as low as six billion planets.

But by using data from exoplanet hunting missions such as Kepler and Gaia, the researchers behind the new study claim that their estimate is much more accurate.

“This is the first time that all of the pieces have been put together to provide a reliable measurement of the number of potentially habitable planets in the galaxy,” Jeff Coughlin, an exoplanet researcher at the SETI Institute and Director of Kepler’s Science Office, and co-author of the new study, said in a statement.

The astronomers homed in on three main determinants for habitability. First, they estimated the number of exoplanets similar in size to Earth in the Milky Way — these are most likely to be rocky planets. Then, they looked at how many stars are similar in age and temperature to our Sun. Lastly, they considered whether the planets have the conditions necessary to support liquid water, a critical ingredient for life.

Older studies only considered the distance of a planet from its host star to calculate habitability — a gross measure, the new study suggests. Instead, this research also takes into account how much light a planet would receive from its star based on more than mere distance alone. NASA's Kepler mission zoomed in on stars to see if there are planets orbiting within their habitable zone. Meanwhile, the European Space Agency's Gaia mission measured the positions, distances, and motions of stars to get a more definitive estimate of how much light — and thus, heat — they bestow on their planets.

The study found that there could be 300 million habitable planets in the Milky Way. Some are just 30 light years from the Sun, the data suggest.

Scientists have confirmed the existence of more than 4,000 exoplanets, although 3,000 more suspected exoplanets are awaiting confirmation. Some of these planets have shown signs of potential habitability, but whether they do host life will be extremely difficult to determine.

“Knowing how common different kinds of planets are is extremely valuable for the design of upcoming exoplanet-finding missions,” Michelle Kunimoto, member of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and co-author of the new study, said in a statement. “Surveys aimed at small, potentially habitable planets around Sun-like stars will depend on results like these to maximize their chance of success.”

Abstract: 

We present occurrence rates for rocky planets in the habitable zones (HZ) of main-sequence dwarf stars based on the Kepler DR25 planet candidate catalog and Gaia-based stellar properties. We provide the first analysis in terms of star-dependent instellation flux, which allows us to track HZ planets. We define η⊕ as the HZ occurrence of planets with radius between 0.5 and 1.5 R⊕ orbiting stars with effective temperatures between 4800 K and 6300 K. We find that η⊕ for the conservative HZ is between 0.37+0.48−0.21 (errors reflect 68% credible intervals) and 0.60+0.90−0.36 planets per star, while the optimistic HZ occurrence is between 0.58+0.73−0.33 and 0.88+1.28−0.51 planets per star. These bounds reflect two extreme assumptions about the extrapolation of completeness beyond orbital periods where DR25 completeness data are available. The large uncertainties are due to the small number of detected small HZ planets. We find similar occurrence rates using both a Poisson likelihood Bayesian analysis and Approximate Bayesian Computation. Our results are corrected for catalog completeness and reliability. Both completeness and the planet occurrence rate are dependent on stellar effective temperature. We also present occurrence rates for various stellar populations and planet size ranges. We estimate with 95% confidence that, on average, the nearest HZ planet around G and K dwarfs is about 6 pc away, and there are about 4 HZ rocky planets around G and K dwarfs within 10 pc of the Sun.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

04-11-2020 om 22:17 geschreven door peter  

There have been many cases of what have come to be called “alien abductions,” in which strange entities from beyond our understanding seem to whisk away unsuspecting victims, who often come back with very odd tales to tell. Such cases have happened to people of all ages and all walks of life, and it is a pervasive phenomenon in the world of ufology. Some of these really seem to stand out, and here we will look at the bizarre case of a simple farmer who one day went out on a routine chore and had his life changed forever in an experience that would haunt him for the rest of his life.

It started in a rural ranching area of Venado, Tuerto, in the country of Argentina, where on the morning of September 6th, 1978, 12-year-old Juan Pérez went out to gather up some of their grazing horses that were wandering out in the fields. The boy dutifully rode his horse out into the nearby field where the horses were, passing some uncommonly thick fog along the way, and as he rode he would claim that he saw several silver, disc-shaped craft suddenly fly overhead. Not only this, by the strange objects then began illuminating the fog with beams of multicolored light and an eerie glow, which caused Juan’s horse to panic and buck, threatening to throw him off. This was all weird enough that the frightened boy returned home, but his father was angry with him for not fulfilling his duty and so sent him out again into that mist, and here is where things would get even weirder still.

Juan managed to get out to the field again without incident, but it was here that he would come across quite a strange sight, in the form of a large flying saucer sitting right there in the field as if it had every business in the world being there. The large disc was described as being domed, with round portholes lining its side, and although Juan was scared, he could not take his eyes off the otherworldly sight before him. As he stood there dumbfounded and gawking at the alien object, a door apparently slid open to extend a ladder and then disgorge a huge, 7-foot tall entity from within. This entity was wearing a metallic suit, oversized gloves, and a cylindrical helmet, with a tube extending from it to the craft behind it, possibly some sort of breathing apparatus, and it raised an arm to gesture for Juan to approach.

Amazingly, Juan did not run away, but rather got off his horse and approached the strange humanoid figure, with which he ascended into the bowels of the craft itself. The first thing the boy noticed was that everywhere he looked was covered with blinking and flashing instrument panels, and while this didn’t scare him at first that would change as he went deeper into the ship. He came across a room in which there seemed to be a dead animal lying sprawled out upon a table, either a cow or a horse, Juan couldn’t be sure which, half gutted, and hunched over this macabre carcass there was some sort of mechanized being, seemingly hard at work dissecting it. This was shocking enough that Juan ran back outside, where he was once again confronted with that tall humanoid figure. The being then offered one of his gloves as proof of the encounter, taking it off to reveal a clawed, reptilian hand, and as Juan took the glove it apparently pricked his arm to draw blood.

This seemingly aggressive action by the creature and the revelation that its hand was so freakishly inhuman caused Juan to freak out, hopping on his horse and riding back home as fast as he could. As he did so, the ship reportedly detached some sort of metallic orb, which chased the boy, hovered over him, and sucked the glove up into itself, after which it flew off. When Juan returned home, he did so without that physical evidence, but he nevertheless told his family all about what had happened. The mention of the dead animal was very odd, as the father had found a dead and mutilated cow on the property not even a week before, and making it even more mysterious was that the horse Juan had been riding would inexplicably fall ill and die just a few days later.

Juan Perez

No one ever would really believe Juan’s story, and he would become the object of ridicule, ending up a recluse living out on his farm alone and with only some dogs to keep him company. However, it made the rounds in the news enough that it caught the attention of famed UFO researcher Jacques Vallee, who would investigate it all, interview the witness, and write of the case in his 1990 book Confrontations – A Scientist’s Search for Alien Contact. It would also become the main subject for a documentary by Argentinian filmmaker Alan Stivelman, entitled Witness of Another World (Testigo de Otro Mundo ), which has been widely touted as one of the best UFO documentaries out there. Stivelman would say of his film:

In the beginning, I proposed to make this film in order to decode the mystery behind the UFO phenomenon. This mission was overshadowed by the acute sadness that Juan brought with him and the desire to understand why he had to have lived through that supernatural experience that marked him for the rest of his life. It was there, as a filmmaker, that I had to make a crucial decision for the rest of the shooting. To continue with the investigation of the UFO phenomenon, to stay only in the phenomenological aspect, or to attend to Juan, to his suffering, and to look for a way to help him.

The case of Juan Pérez is especially interesting not only in its bizarre elements, but also who it happened to. This was a simple rancher out in Argentina, who was mostly illiterate and who just wanted to work hard in his own little world away from the big cities of civilization. He was far removed from the world of UFOs and all of that strangeness, had no reason to make up such an absurd tale, and indeed it caused him a great amount of trouble and ridicule, which made him pretty much a hermit for life. Why would he do this? It must be noted that despite the hardships it caused him, Juan has never deviated from his story and insists it is all true, and Vallee notably proclaimed that he found Juan to be a very sincere and reliable witness who at least truly believed what he was saying of his otherworldly experience. What happened to Juan Pérez on that strange evening? We may never know for sure, but it remains a remarkable case in the realm of alien abduction cases.

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{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

04-11-2020 om 18:41 geschreven door peter  

It’s pretty inevitable that if you have been involved in subjects like UFOs, Cryptozoology and conspiracy-theorizing for a long time, your thoughts, beliefs and conclusions are going to alter – whether to a mild degree or to a significant degree. For example, had someone said to me when I was twenty that by the time I was in my thirties I would have totally dismissed the theory that aliens crashed outside of Roswell, New Mexico in early July 1947, I would have laughed. Or, just outright dismissed them. But, the fact is that I did change my mind. Very much the same goes for me and the Rendlesham Forest “UFO landing” of December 1980. Earlier this year I wrote a book titled The Rendlesham Forest UFO Conspiracy. It presented a controversial scenario. Namely, that nothing of an extraterrestrial nature occurred. Rather, that it was a series of secret, military experiments. With all of that in mind, I thought today I would show you what I think is the ultimate example of mind-changing in the world of UFOs. It’s a story that revolves around a man named Gordon Creighton.

For years, Creighton was the editor of the once-very-popular magazine, Flying Saucer Review. When he passed away in 2003, none other than the U.K.’s Times newspaper ran an obituary on the man himself. An extract from that same obituary reveals the following: “Government service occupied most of the working life of Gordon Creighton, but he perhaps made his greatest mark as an authority on unidentified flying objects. His conviction that extraterrestrials were visiting Earth seemed oddly at variance with the more orthodox worlds of diplomacy and Whitehall. His expertise took him into government research on maps in oriental and other languages with the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names, and he spent eight years as an intelligence officer on Russian and Chinese affairs at the Ministry of Defense. It is said that in the intelligence post he worked directly below the secret Whitehall department where the Air Ministry and the RAF were studying information on UFOs.”

Like so many people who got into the UFO subject in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Creighton strongly believed that the Flying Saucer phenomenon was the result of visitations to the Earth by extraterrestrials from faraway worlds. It should be noted, however, that over time Creighton’s views on the overall mystery began to change. By the latter part of the 1970s, it was very clear to his colleagues that Creighton was edging away from the extraterrestrial theory and towards something very different. And, what might that “something” be? Well, I’ll tell you. None other than the Middle Eastern Djinn. The late Rosemary Ellen Guiley was an acknowledged expert in the field of the Djinn. Rosemary said: “In Arabian lore, djinn (also spelled jinn) are a race of supernaturally empowered beings who have the ability to intervene in the affairs of people. Like the Greek daimones, djinn are self-propagating and can be either good or evil. They can be conjured in magical rites to perform various tasks and services. A djinni (singular) appears as a wish-granting ‘genie’ in folk tales such as in The Book of 1001 Nights collection of folk tales.”

Nick Redfern and Rosemary Ellen Guiley (Nick Redfern, 2017)

Rosemary added: “In Western lore djinn are sometimes equated with demons, but they are not the same. They are often portrayed as having a demonic-like appearance, but they can also appear in beautiful, seductive forms. The djinn are masterful shape-shifters, and their favored forms are snakes and black dogs. They also can masquerade as anything: humans, animals, ghosts, cryptids, and other entities such as extraterrestrials, demons, shadow people, fairies, angels and more.” Rosemary offered more on the Djinn: “They are born of smokeless fire (which in modern terms could be plasma). They live very long lives but they are not immortal. According to some accounts, they live with other supernatural beings in the Kaf, a mythical range of emerald mountains that encircles the Earth. In modern terms, they live in a parallel dimension.”

For Creighton, all of that amounted to a major change of mind: from aliens to Djinn. And no looking back.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

04-11-2020 om 18:27 geschreven door peter  

1KM UFO Cloaked In Cloud Over Mount Rainier, Oct 27, 2020, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Oct 27, 2020
Location of sighting: Mount Rainier, Washington, USA

Here is a fantastic video Lisa Caroline-Enera of Youtube of a UFO cloaking as a cloud over Mount Rainier. She caught one of the most amazing UFO cloaked in clouds that I have ever been privileged to see. The UFO inside the cloud must be gigantic because that cloud area covers almost one km across! UFOs often create a cloud around the ship in order to fly slowly and low to the ground. How do they contain the cloud? I believe the clouds are held by the ships shields which wont allow the cloud particles to move through the shield, thus the cloud is contained around the UFO without being destroyed. 

Scott C. Waring 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

04-11-2020 om 17:59 geschreven door peter  

Huge UFO Recorded On Dark Side Of Moon By ESA, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: Nov 4, 2020

Location of discovery: Dark Side of Moon

Source ESA photo: 

• http://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/07/Two_lunar_flashes_light_up_darkened_Moon

While searching through the ESA index (European Space Administration) I found something that the ESA misidentified as an explosion on the dark side of Earths moon. I say misidentified, because they believe it to be a meteor impacting with the moon, but when I made a close up of the object...it looks more like a huge metallic craft. As you see from the screenshot above, it doesn't look like an explosion on the moon. Its looks like an alien craft powering up to go somewhere. Strange they misidentified it...but I believe they were just trying to cover it up. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

04-11-2020 om 17:54 geschreven door peter  

Bat Shaped UFO Found In Apollo 7 Mission Index, Nov 2020, Photos! UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: Nov 4, 2020

Location of discovery: Earths Orbit

Source NASA Photo: 

• https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=AS07&roll=7&frame=1766

I was searching through the JSC.NASA index at some photos of the orbiting module from the Apollo 7 mission and noticed a large bat shaped craft in the distance. The object has a dark red hue to it and seems to be thinner in its center area. The NASA module is very far away from it and the original is fuzzy from poor lighting, so I believe that the person taking the photos was not aware of the UFO. The mission took place in Oct of 1968, so I am a bit surprised at the high quality photos. This was however the only photo of the UFO. I check the photos before and right after and found nothing out of the ordinary. This is absolute proof that alien species are out there...watching humanities space programs. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

04-11-2020 om 17:48 geschreven door peter  

Many people at a school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania witnessed a saucer shaped craft hovering over the area on November 3, 2020. 

Although the footage does not provide clarity whether it is a real UFO, a blimp or a balloon, the witnesses talk about a UFO. Mufon report here.

  

ttp://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

04-11-2020 om 17:35 geschreven door peter  

VIDEO: UFO fleet over Mexico 22-Oct-2020

This UFO sighting video was filmed over Mexico on 22nd October 2020 at 7:30pm.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

Note peter2011:
I looked up these videos and found that this phenomenon has been occurring in Mexico for years ... I even found a video from 2004 and the similarity of the images is striking! I rather think in the direction of a natural phenomenon, which has to do with the annual migration of birds, etc. Chinese balloons, I don't think so ... If you think otherwise, you can always let me know via email. Thanks in advance.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

04-11-2020 om 17:26 geschreven door peter  

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

04-11-2020 om 01:21 geschreven door peter