Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
11-02-2022
A Look at Some of the Strange Anomalies on Mars: Faces, Creatures and More
A Look at Some of the Strange Anomalies on Mars: Faces, Creatures and More
Mars, our nearest planetary neighbor in the Solar-System, is approximately forty million miles from the Earth and one hundred and forty two million miles from the Sun. Not particularly big in size, it is dwarfed by all of the planets except for Mercury. At the other end of the spectrum, however, Mars is home to the gigantic Olympus Mons, which is the biggest volcano in the entire Solar System. The huge amount of iron oxide on Mars gives it a noticeable – famous, even – reddish color, hence its memorable nickname: the Red Planet. It has a blood-freezing average temperature of -81 degrees F, and its decidedly harsh atmosphere is comprised almost exclusively of carbon dioxide; aside, that is, from a small amount of water vapor. There is no denying the fact that dusty, rocky, desert-like Mars is a very interesting world: for one thing, it has polar ice-caps. And those ice-caps are comprised of water. Yes, good old water; just like ours. Not only that, the amount of water on Mars is huge. And I do not exaggerate when I use the word “huge.”
(NASA)
NASA’s current estimates suggest that if all of the Martian water was melted, there would be enough to cover the entire planet up to a height of around thirty-five feet, which is undeniably amazing. The planet’s days are strikingly similar to ours, in terms of length: Mars’ days last for twenty-four hours and thirty-seven minutes. Mars’ year, however, runs for six hundred and eighty-seven days. With that said, what about the anomalies on Mars? There are most definitely more than a few of them. With that said, let’s look at an eerie-looking face on the Red Planet. Interestingly, I’m not talking about the famous “Face on Mars” that was found at Cydonia in the 1970s. I’m talking about another eerie Face on Mars. “The Crowned Face” is what I’m talking about. A photo taken in the Libya Montes area – a ring of mountains on Mars – by the Mars Global Surveyor appears to show a large face, with a pointed chin, a pair of eyes and a nose. Also, what appears to be crown-like headgear – hence the name that has been attached to it, – whatever “it” may be. Moving on…
(NASA)
In 1968, the acclaimed sci-fi epic, 2001: A Space Odyssey – the work of producer and director, Stanley Kubrick – hit cinemas all around the world and raked in close to $200 Million. In the opening segment of the movie we see a tribe of primitive, early “ape-men” fighting for survival in the harsh landscape of what is now the continent of Africa – albeit in the film it plays out millions of years ago. One day the tribe awakes to find that overnight a strange, black-colored monolith has appeared in their very midst. In no time at all, the intelligence levels of the creatures are increased by, it appears, the monolith itself. The implication is that something of an extraterrestrial nature has kick-started human civilization into what will eventually be high gear. As amazing and as unbelievable as it may sound, a monolith has been photographed on the surface of one of Mars’ moons, Phobos.
A case of fact eerily mirroring fiction? Well, that very much depends on one’s own opinion.We have a man named Efrain Palermo to thank for bringing this incredible matter to light. As someone with a deep interest in Mars and its moons, he decided to make an extensive review of the many pictures that NASA had secured from its Mars Global Surveyor in 1998. Palermo was amazed by what he found. He said that while studying one particular image from Phobos “…my eye caught something sticking up out of the surface.” As to what that “something”” was, Palermo added: “I downloaded it into Photoshop and zoomed into that area, and there it was, an apparent cylindrical shaped object casting a longish shadow and having a slanted roof.”
(NASA)
Now, let us take a careful look at some of the other imagery that has been collected, studied and placed into the public domain as evidence that there was (and possibly still is) life on Mars. One particular case – that I personally think has a high degree of merit attached to it – concerns what has become known as the “facehugger photograph.” Taken in July 2015 by NASA’s Curiosity Rover, it appears to show a strange creature that looks astonishingly like the monstrous face-invading creatures that appear in the phenomenally successful series of Alien movies. They starred Sigourney Weaver as Warrant Officer Ellen Ripley and reaped in an incredible amount of dollars. The story broke in early August 2015. The headlines were predictably sensational. The U.K.’s Metro newspaper ran with the story and titled their feature as follows: “Crab-like alien ‘facehugger’ is seen crawling out of a cave on Mars.” Now, onto Mars’ distant past.
May 22, 1984 was one of the most significant of all days in the incredible quest to seek out the truth of intelligent, alien life on Mars. So, why weren’t we, the public, told all about it? How come the story wasn’t splashed across the front pages of the world’s newspapers? Why weren’t major TV news networks on top of it? The answer to all of those questions is both controversial and amazing: the entire affair was deliberately shrouded in blankets upon blankets of secrecy. And who was responsible for ensuring that the secrecy remained intact? None other than the Central Intelligence Agency: the CIA. Operating out of its headquarters at Langley, Virginia, the CIA – for reasons that, decades later, still remain unclear – decided that it was vital to try and determine if Mars was a dead world, a planet teeming with life, or somewhere in between. The biggest question is: why would the CIA want to go and remote-view Mars’ ancient past? That’s exactly what the CIA did. The CIA’s remote-viewing team saw images (across seven studies of Mars) of planet-wide destruction in the distant past, of human-like giants who were not too different to us, and of pyramid-like structures. Indeed, Mars is a very intriguing world. It’s likely to stay like that.
(NASA) Note: NASA’s stance on its photos is that its material is not protected by copyright, unless if specified.
Native American 'Hopewell' Civilization WIPED OUT By Catastrophic Asteroid Striking North America! - Mike Adams Must Video
Native American 'Hopewell' Civilization WIPED OUT By Catastrophic Asteroid Striking North America! - Mike Adams Must Video
This is the fall of Babylon. Read the most brutal chapter in the book of Isaiah Chapter 13. That is referring to THEM. We are JACOB. GET OUT OF BABYLON! – and that is a SPIRITUAL exit: movies, tv, their satanic music, etc….
Here’s a sample: 4 The sound of a tumult is on the mountains as of a great multitude! The sound of an uproar of kingdoms, of nations gathering together! The Lord of hosts is mustering a host for battl
First-Ever Fully Autonomous DARPA Black Hawk Helicopter Takes To The Skies Without Pilot In Frightening Harbinger Of Soulless Robot Armies
First-Ever Fully Autonomous DARPA Black Hawk Helicopter Takes To The Skies Without Pilot In Frightening Harbinger Of Soulless Robot Armies
A fully autonomous DARPA Black Hawk helicopter has taken to the skies over the US without a human pilot on board for the first time in modern history.
In most dystopian visions of the future, we picture pilotless aircraft flying overhead using laser-guided missiles to destroy as legions of robot soldiers go from house to house, stomping on citizens who are trying in vain to plead for their lives. This week, a Black Hawk helicopter, using software and hardware created in a joint alliance between super-secret Army research group DARPA and Lockheed Martin, successfully flew without a human pilot, completing the mission and landing itself without a hitch.
“Behold ye among the heathen, and regard, and wonder marvellously: for I will work a work in your days, which ye will not believe, though it be told you.” Habakkuk 1:5 (KJB)
This is the world, pulled from the pages of Revelation, that is rushing towards us at a thousand miles per hour, without absolutely no hope of it missing its target. Autonomous vehicles are a must in the coming economy of Antichrist where, without the Mark of the Beast, you will not be allowed access to anything, especially not to your vehicles that could be used to fight against him. In the meantime, this technology is being sold as something that will create better ‘safety and security’, cutting down on crashes and accidents, and I’m sure it will be a blessing, right up to the moment it’s not.
Fully autonomous DARPA Black Hawk helicopter takes to the skies without a pilot for the first time
FROM THE DAILY MAIL UK:A partnership between Lockheed Martin Sikorsky and the Defence Armed Research Projects Agency (DARPA), it took off from Fort Campbell in Kentucky on February 5. Without anyone on board, the UH-60A Black Hawk completed a 30 minute flight above the US army installation, with a second flight held on February 7. It comes with an optionally piloted cockpit, that has to be switched from pilot, to autonomous mode – allowing an onboard computer brain to control the vehicle.
During the flightthe Aircrew Labor In-Cockpit Automation System (ALIAS) autonomous pilot was presented with a series of simulated obstacles to overcome. It had to execute a series of pedal turns, maneuvers and straightaways before carrying out a perfect landing back on the Fort Campbell runway – without any human intervention. The autonomous helicopter could be used to deliver supplies to dangerous war zones, or recover soldiers without risking a pilot.
‘This historic BLACK HAWK flight marks the first time that a UH-60 has flown autonomously and builds on recent demonstrations at the U.S. Army’s Project Convergence 2021,’ a Lockheed Martin spokesperson said in a statement.
Once it had shut itself down and the blades had stopped spinning, a pair of pilots entered the vehicle, switched it back to human mode and took it back to base.
This wasn’t the first timethe ALIAS system has been tested during a flight, and wasn’t the first time it had been used in a Black Hawk, but was the first time they’d trusted the autopilot to fly and land with no humans as a backup. One example of use could be for pilots flying into an area where visibility suddenly becomes a problem, flipping the switch to autonomous mode allows the ALIAS system to take over, using sensors rather than sight to navigate.
Benjamin Williamson, lead test pilot for the Fort Campbell event, said:‘This capability will allow pilots to confidently switch back and forth between autonomy and piloted modes at any point of their mission with the literal flip of a switch. This will support autonomous flight during a wide range of missions such as flight in degraded visual environments (DVE) and confined areas. Most critically, ALIAS will be capable of automatically detecting and preventing dangerous situations that lead to accidents, thereby saving lives.’
Most autonomous systems used in aircraft to date have acted as an assistant to pilots, carrying out simple tasks, but leaving complex and unexpected situations to the human.
However, ALIAS turned a basic Black Hawk into an aircraft that is completely autonomous, with the on-board brain able to handle all aspects of flight. This includes pre-flight procedures, including power, secondary control, wind checks and other elements, as well as the flight and landing – even in an emergency. If there had been a problem during the test flight, going as far as both engines failing, it would have found a safe landing spot and touched down, without human input. READ MORE
First Pilotless DARPA Black Hawk Helicopter Flight
Sitting on the runway in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, one of Sikorsky’s pilots in an S-70
BLACK HAWK® helicopter flips the optionally piloted cockpit switch from two to zero, exits the aircraft and walks across the runway.
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Hundreds Of Birds Filmed Hitting The Ground Leaving Dozens Dead & Dieing In Chihuahua, Mexico.
In what could only look like something from a scene of an Alfred Hitchcock movie but no this is real... This was captured on February 7, 2022 on an home CCTV and in the footage we can see hundreds of birds falling out of the sky and leaveing dozens dead with others dieing and a few getting back up and flying off. I know this isn't a UFO or Ghost footage but it's creepy, strange & fascinating all at the same time.
The question of whether life has ever existed on Mars continues to fascinate both the scientific community and the general public.
Indeed, part of the rationale behind NASA's Perseverance rover mission is to help uncover evidence of past life on the Red Planet by using x-rays to probe Martian rocks for signs of ancient microbial activity.
With man-made rovers roaming the Martian landscapes and state-of-the-art telescopes scouring the planet's surface, there is a now wealth of video and photo material from the Red Planet available to the general public.
As a result, Mars and UFO enthusiasts have been spending countless hours poring over the images and data in search of alien life. From the "Martian face" to a "Sasquatch-shaped rock," many "sightings" have been debunked over the years.
The latest such claim is being shared alongside a panoramic still from Mars, purportedly showing a mysterious "alien" figure.
On February 4, Scott Waring of the blog UFO Sightings Daily, which publishes claims of UFO sightings, shared a blog post titled "Alien Figure Watching Mars Rover! 100% Proof of Life! UFO Sighting News."
The post includes a cropped version of a photo of the surface of Mars taken by the Perseverance rover in 2021. Waring claims its shows a Martian rock with a person lying on top of it.
The blog post reads: "There is a person laying down watching the NASA Mars rover from a safe distance away. The person is about 1 foot tall, .3 meters and is laying down, pinkish upper chest, neck and face, radish hair, wearing a dark suit, but has a grey object over one shoulder...looks like a backpack of some sort. There are even footprints behind the person leading up to the location they chose to lay down at."
The blog post has since gained some news media attention and the photo has been shared widely on social media.
The Facts
The cropped photo shared by Waring is part of a panorama taken by the Perseverance rover in April, 2021. Tens of thousands of raw images of the Martian surface have been taken by the rover since it landed there in 2021.
The panorama can be seen here while the individual image apparently showing the alien can be found on the Perseverance rover website here. Below, Newsweek has cropped the photo and added a red circle to show the section of the image that UFO Sightings Daily claims shows an alien.
A photo taken by the Perseverance rover on Mars on April 20, 2021. Newsweek has circled the area that UFO Sightings Daily claims shows a person on a rock. NASA has said there is no evidence yet for life as we know it on the planet.NASA/JPL-CALTECH/ASU
The figure on the rock could be interpreted as someone lying down, though the image gets fuzzy and indistinct the closer one zooms in.
However, scientists reiterate that the surface of Mars is completely inhospitable to life as we know it—even for microbial life, let alone for humanoid figures capable of walking.
There are many reasons why this is the case. Mitch Schulte, Mars 2020 program scientist at NASA's headquarters in Washington, D.C., told Newsweek that the main issues for potential life on Mars are the lack of liquid water, as well as high levels of radiation, and generally low temperatures and atmospheric pressure.
There are also only trace amounts of oxygen in Mars' atmosphere. This would pose an issue for multicellular life, as it is understood on Earth, because it uses oxygen as a metabolic energy source.
"While it is conceivable that microscopic forms of life could exist, probably deep in the subsurface in areas where temperatures could be more moderate, the overlying rocks shield the environment from much of the radiation, and liquid water could exist, we have not found any evidence to date of extant life of any form on Mars," Schulte said.
Alana Johnson, senior communications specialist at NASA's Planetary Science Division, told Newsweek: "Space enthusiasts and other image processors are often excited about raw Mars imagery downlinked from NASA spacecraft. Sometimes it is interpreted, used, or altered to create fan-made works shared online."
Neither of the NASA representatives Newsweek spoke to said what the shape on the rock seen in the photo actually is. However, the space agency has collected an extensive list of alleged alien sightings on Mars in an article titled Space Oddities: NASA Sorts Fact From Fantasy and states that unusual shapes on the planet's surface are often the result of wind erosion.
In a response to a request for comment from Newsweek, Waring called himself a "hard core researcher" that seeks "truth about existence of intelligent life."
"We assume that every detail about Mars is 100 percent true, but...has the US government ever lied? Yes, of course they have," he wrote, without offering any specific evidence for the claim.
The Ruling
False.
NASA's Perseverance rover did not spot an alien relaxing on a Martian rock. The surface of Mars is completely inhospitable to life as we know it.
FACT CHECK BY NEWSWEEK
In this illustration made available by NASA, the Perseverance rover casts off its spacecraft's cruise stage, minutes before entering the Martian atmosphere in February 2021.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH VIA AP
RECENT RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Guys there was a USAF seargeant that goes by the name of Karl Wolfe, who saw NASA photos of structures on the dark side of the moon. Sure you have heard about that, but as I went through this photo. I found some structures that boggle the mind. They look very advanced...so advanced they we bio-mechanically grown! Yeah thats a thing for aliens. Aliens do not have the time and often use this method to create a living structure that is genetically designed to create living environments suitable for their species.
Karl Wolf dedicated much of his life talking about the incident and trying to explain what he saw. I really wish he was alive today so he could help us identify with 100% accuracy which ones were structures, but...I did my best and I know these are alien structures.
Really fast UFO sighting over northern parts of Norway, 2022 – Norwegian mainstream medias reports!
Really fast UFO sighting over northern parts of Norway, 2022 – Norwegian mainstream medias reports!
This UFO sighting came in a mainstream news in Norway recently. Here are few updates from Norwegian medias:
Reports of no sound.
Norwegian Military says it does not have anything flying in the area.
Morten Bliet in Norsk meteornettverk says it’s “highly irregular.” And he continues: “Meteors usually burns up or disintegrate before it comes as low as the thing is on the video”
From Nordlys, a Norwegian newspaper:
We showed the video to Paal Brekke at the Norwegian Space Agency. He finds it difficult to conclude.
“It goes very fast as you say, but in still image it looks like a plane.”
“Do not think that it has a long enough tail to be satellite or space junk, but you should never say never.”
“It is unlikely that it is one of the satellites to SpaceX. That space station (translation probably means orbit) does not go that far north, and thus it is probably unlikely that this is what has been observed over Finnmark.”
Talk about a sauro-throat! Diplodocid discovered in Montana had a RESPIRATORY INFECTION 150 million years ago – and likely 'felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick', study finds
Talk about a sauro-throat! Diplodocid discovered in Montana had a RESPIRATORY INFECTION 150 million years ago – and likely 'felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick', study finds
New research suggests that dinosaurs may have been struck down with colds
Diplodocid remains provide first evidence of respiratory infection in a dinosaur
Named 'Dolly', it was found in Montana in 1990 and dates back 150 million years
Scientists said irregular neck protrusions likely formed in response to infection
It's never nice being under the weather with a sore throat.
But it's not just us humans who have suffered with colds throughout history — a new study suggests that the dinosaurs were also struck down with them.
Researchers said the fossilised remains of a young diplodocid, which was a large, long-necked herbivorous sauropod, provide the first evidence of a respiratory infection in a dinosaur.
They added that the Brontosaurus-like creature probably experienced similar symptoms to humans — coughing, trouble breathing, and a fever — and 'likely felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick'.
The specimen, nicknamed 'Dolly', was discovered in Montana in 1990 and dates back to the Late Jurassic Period around 150 million years ago.
Researchers said the fossilised remains of a young diplodocid, which was a large, long-necked herbivorous sauropod, may provide the first evidence of a respiratory infection in a dinosaur
Scientists said irregular bony protrusions found in Dolly's neck likely formed in response to an infection. They think this could have been caused by a fungal infection similar to aspergillosis, a common respiratory illness that affects birds and reptiles and can lead to bone infections
WHAT WERE DIPLODOCIDS?
Diplodocids were a group of sauropod dinosaurs which included some of the longest creatures ever to walk the Earth.
Some of the large, long-necked creatures, which count Diplodocus and Supersaurus as family members, were up to 112ft (34 metres) long.
While their necks were long, their legs most certainly were not.
Described by some as the 'dachshund' of the giant dinosaurs, diplodocids had short legs, with the rear ones longer than the front.
This gave their back a distinctive slope towards the neck.
Their diet is thought to have involved grazing on ferns and horsetails.
The specimen in this study by the Great Plains Dinosaur Museum in Montana, nicknamed 'Dolly', was discovered in the state in 1990 and dates back to the Late Jurassic Period around 150 million years ago.
Cary Woodruff and colleagues from the Great Plains Dinosaur Museum in Montana examined three of the bones from Dolly's neck and identified never-before-seen abnormal bony protrusions which had an unusual shape and texture.
These protrusions were found in an area of each bone where they would have been attached to air-filled structures, known as air sacs, which connected to the lungs and formed part of the dinosaur's respiratory system.
CT imaging of the irregular protrusions revealed that they were made of abnormal bone that most likely formed in response to an infection.
Based on their location, the researchers believe the abnormal bony protrusions formed in response to an infection in Dolly's air sacs, which then spread into its neck bones.
They think this could have been caused by a fungal infection similar to aspergillosis, a common respiratory illness that affects birds and reptiles and can lead to bone infections.
If Dolly had been infected with aspergillosis, the researchers said, it may have experienced flu or pneumonia-like symptoms such as weight loss, coughing, fever and breathing difficulties.
Not only that, but because aspergillosis can be fatal in birds if untreated, they believe Dolly could ultimately have died from it.
'Given the likely symptoms this animal suffered from, holding these infected bones in your hands, you can't help but feel sorry for Dolly,' said Woodruff.
'We've all experienced these same symptoms — coughing, trouble breathing, a fever, etc. — and here's a 150-million-year-old dinosaur that likely felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick.'
In addition to documenting the first occurrence of such a respiratory infection in a dinosaur, the authors said their study also had important anatomical implications for the respiratory system of sauropod dinosaurs.
'This fossil infection in Dolly not only helps us trace the evolutionary history of respiratory-related diseases back in time, but gives us a better understanding of what kinds of diseases dinosaurs were susceptible to,' Woodruff said.
Diplodocids were a group of sauropod dinosaurs which included some of the longest creatures ever to walk the Earth.
Researchers examined three of the bones from Dolly's neck and identified never-before-seen abnormal bony protrusions which had an unusual shape and texture (pictured)
Some of the large, long-necked creatures, which count Diplodocus and Supersaurus as family members, were up to 112ft (34 metres) long.
While their necks were long, their legs most certainly were not.
Described by some as the 'dachshund' of the giant dinosaurs, diplodocids had short legs, with the rear ones longer than the front.
The authors wrote in their paper: 'With more and continuing investigations, we will hopefully be able to continue to document and trace medical conditions present today, better our understanding of the disorders that affected the dinosaurs, and understand how the identification of these disorders contribute to our understanding of dinosaurian physiology.'
Tooth pain: A Tyrannosaurus rex that roamed the Earth 68 million years ago (pictured has been found to have suffered from bone disease in its jaw, new analysis reveals
Tyrannosaurus rex that roamed the Earth 68 million years ago has been found to have suffered from bone disease in its jaw, new analysis reveals.
Experts said the dinosaur, which was discovered in Montana in 2010 and is one of the most complete T.Rex skeletons ever found, had an infection of the bone known as tumefactive osteomyelitis.
It was diagnosed using a CT-based, non-invasive approach that researchers said could have significant implications on paleontology because it doesn't lead to the destruction of samples like other fossil analysis techniques.
Imaging of the T.Rex's jaw showed thickening and a mass on its surface that extended to the root of the teeth, according to the study's lead author Charlie Hamm, a radiologist at Charité University Hospital in Berlin.
He and his team detected a significant amount of the element fluorine in the mass, which they said was an indication of decreased bone density, and suggested that it was caused by inflammation or swelling in the jaw bone.
Moderne mens kwam mogelijk veel vroeger aan in Europa dan gedacht: “Dit herschrijft onze geschiedenisboeken”
De ontdekking van een oude gefossiliseerde kindertand in een Franse grot zou de geschiedenisboeken zomaar kunnen herschrijven, volgens een nieuw onderzoek gepubliceerd in Science Advances. Dat concludeert dat de homo sapiens al 54.000 jaar geleden in Europa is aangekomen, veel eerder dan tot nu gedacht. De moderne mens zou de neanderthalers dan ook niet zo snel van de aardbodem hebben geveegd als vaak wordt aangenomen. Voorwaardelijke wijs allemaal, want het bewijsmateriaal berust ruwweg op één kiesfragment en enkele werktuigen, toegeschreven aan homo sapiens.
Onze huidige mensensoort stamt af van homo sapiens. Daar is de wetenschap het over eens. Dat de homo sapiens ooit samenleefde met de neanderthaler en dat de twee mensensoorten weleens seks hadden met elkaar, staat eveneens vast. Niet-Afrikaanse moderne mensen delen nog altijd een stuk DNA met neanderthalers. Maar hoe het allemaal precies zit, daar blijft onduidelijkheid over.
Het was al bekend dat onze voorouders in het Midden-Oosten samenleefden met neanderthalers. Maar nu zijn een stuk melktand en enkele werktuigen van homo sapiens gevonden in de Mandrin-grot in de Rhônevallei in Zuid-Frankrijk. De kies lag in een aardlaag van tussen de 56.800 en 51.700 jaar oud en wordt door de archeologen op basis van de vorm toegewezen aan homo sapiens. Ongeveer 54.000 jaar geleden zouden er dus sapiens in die grot hebben gewoond, terwijl tot nu toe de komst van de moderne mens in Europa rond 45.000 jaar geleden werd geschat op basis van tanden en sieraden van sapiens die gevonden zijn in Italië en Bulgarije.
“We kunnen nu aantonen dat homo sapiens 12.000 jaar eerder arriveerde dan we hadden verwacht”, zegt professor Ludovic Slimak van de universiteit van Toulouse. “En dat deze bevolking daarna is vervangen door andere populaties neanderthalers. Dit herschrijft letterlijk al onze geschiedenisboeken.”
De Franse grot was zowel vóór als ná de periode van de homo sapiens ook bewoond door neanderthalers, die 400.000 jaar geleden arriveerden in Europa. Dat suggereert dat de twee mensensoorten ook in Europa samenleefden, en veel langer dan gedacht, mogelijk meer dan 10.000 jaar. Wetenschappers gingen ervan uit dat ze er maar een paar duizend jaren samenleefden, tot de neanderthalers ruim 40.000 jaar geleden uitstierven. Vaak wordt aangenomen dat de sapiens de neanderthalers toen uitroeiden, snel nadat onze voorouders vanuit Afrika naar Europa waren gekomen. De studie zet die theorie nu op de helling, volgens professor Chris Stringer van het Natural History Museum in Londen. “Het was niet zomaar een overname door de moderne mens van de ene dag op de andere”, zegt Stringer aan de BBC. “Soms hadden de neanderthalers de bovenhand, soms de moderne mens. Het was allemaal veel meer in evenwicht.”
NASA toont zich erg bezorgd over tienduizenden SpaceX-satellieten in de ruimte
Het Amerikaanse ruimtevaartbureau NASA maakt zich grote zorgen over de plannen van het commerciële ruimtevaartbedrijf SpaceX om duizenden Starlink-satellieten van een tweede generatie in de ruimte te brengen. Dit leidt tot een "significante toename" van potentiële botsingen in lage banen en doorkruist de lanceringen en wetenschappelijke activiteiten van de NASA zelf, zo staat in een brief van vijf bladzijden aan de Amerikaanse telecomwaakhond FCC.
Met ‘Starlink’ wil SpaceX-oprichter Elon Musk wereldwijd supersnel breedbandinternet aanbieden. Het bedrijf heeft daarvoor al meer dan 2.000 van in totaal 12.000 toegestane satellieten gelanceerd, van elk grofweg 260 kilo per stuk. Tegen 2024 moeten de 12.000 satellieten in de ruimte zijn geschoten.
Daar blijft het niet bij, want SpaceX wil dat aantal uiteindelijk op 42.000 brengen. Het bedrijf heeft de FCC in dat verband voorgesteld om nog eens zowat 30.000 stuks van een tweede generatie in de ruimte brengen.
Botsingen
De NASA meldt in de brief aan de telecomwaakhond dat er momenteel zo’n 25.000 objecten in een baan rond de aarde worden gevolgd, ruim 6.000 van deze objecten bevinden zich op maximaal 600 kilometer afstand van het aardoppervlak. De plannen van SpaceX zouden “het aantal gevolgde objecten verdubbelen en het aantal objecten op minder dan 600 kilometer afstand vervijfvoudigen”, aldus de ruimtevaartorganisatie.
NASA stelt dat het “zich zorgen maakt over de gevolgen voor de wetenschappelijke en menselijke ruimtevluchten”.
De plannen verhogen in het bijzonder het risico op botsingen en kunnen wetenschappelijke en bemande missies in gevaar brengen, beklemtoont het ruimtevaartbureau. Lanceringen van vracht en astronauten naar het Internationaal Ruimtestation ISS bijvoorbeeld worden moeilijker. Verder kunnen instrumenten op wetenschappelijke satellieten hinder ondervinden, net als astronomische waarnemingen vanop de grond.
De NASA wijst er ook op dat satellieten van een andere constellatie mogelijk moeten uitwijken voor Starlinks en op hun beurt het risico op botsingen kunnen verhogen.
Afwachten
De gerenommeerde astrofysicus Jonathan McDowell van de Harvard-universiteit legt uit dat het grote aantal satellieten inderdaad mogelijk voor problemen kan zorgen. “Mogelijk is het verstandig eerst ervaring op te doen met de duizenden satellieten die zich momenteel al in een baan om de aarde bevinden, voordat we kunnen opschalen naar tienduizenden objecten”, aldus McDowell.
Het is niet de eerste keer dat er kritiek komt op de steeds chaotischere situatie in de ruimte, onder meer door Starlink-satellieten. Behalve SpaceX werken ook andere partijen, waaronder Facebook en Amazon, aan vergelijkbare satellietverzamelingen. De hoeveelheid ruimtepuin en actieve satellieten is de voorbije jaren sneller dan ooit gestegen, met bijna-botsingen tot gevolg.
Eind vorig jaar maakte China zich nog bijzonder boos omdat een botsing tussen zijn ruimtestation en twee Starlink-satellieten alleen maar was vermeden door het bemande station Tiangong zelf te laten uitwijken. Eerder moest ook het Europese ruimtevaartagentschap ESA al eens een koerscorrectie uitvoeren op een van hun satellieten om een botsing met eentje van Elon Musk te vermijden.
In een reactie bij de Britse zakenkrant Financial Times wees Musk kritiek op zijn netwerk van de hand. Volgens de miljardair is de ruimte “extreem gigantisch” en is er ruimte genoeg voor tientallen miljarden satellieten. “Het is zoals zeggen: hier zijn nog een paar duizend extra auto’s op aarde. Het is niks.”
Belgische experten werken aan ruimteverkeersleiding
Daar denkt dus lang niet iedereen hetzelfde over. Een internationale coördinatie in de ruimte dringt zich volgens velen steeds meer op.
Opvallend in dat verband is dat de Belgische universiteit KU Leuven op vraag van de Europese Unie aan een soort ruimteverkeersleiding werkt; een coördinatiesysteem voor alles wat rondzweeft in de ruimte, zoals we dat vandaag ook al kennen voor het vliegverkeer.
Wetenschappers ontdekken dat dinosaurussen ook al last hadden van luchtweginfecties
Dinosaurussen hadden vermoedelijk ook al last van luchtweginfecties. Op fossiele resten van een jonge dino, die de koosnaam Dolly heeft gekregen, hebben Amerikaanse onderzoekers daar voor het eerst concrete aanwijzingen voor gevonden.
Op botten uit de nek van het dier ontdekten ze “benige uitsteeksels” met een “opvallend ongebruikelijke vorm en textuur”. Ze zaten precies op de plaatsen waar vermoedelijk luchtzakjes aanhechtten die in verbinding stonden met de longen van de dino.
Dolly hoorde tot de familie van de zogeheten Diplodocidae, grote plantenetende dinosaurussen. De onderzoekers van de universiteit van Ohio kwamen meer over haar verleden te weten door drie nekwervels te onderwerpen aan een CT-scan. Na circa 150 miljoen jaar valt niet meer te achterhalen wat voor ziekteverwekker het dier precies had opgelopen.
In hun artikel, dat is gepubliceerd in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Scientific Reports, speculeren de wetenschappers dat Dolly mogelijk een schimmelinfectie had opgelopen die tot in de botten doordrong, zoals aspergillose. Dat overkomt vogels en reptielen vandaag de dag ook nog.
“Als je deze geïnfecteerde botten vasthoudt en bedenkt van welke symptomen dit dier waarschijnlijk last had, kun je het niet helpen om medelijden te voelen voor Dolly”, zegt onderzoeker Cary Woodruff in een verklaring. “We kennen het allemaal. Hoesten, ademhalingsproblemen, koorts, noemt het maar op. En hier is een 150 miljoen jaar oude dinosaurus die zich waarschijnlijk net zo belabberd voelde als wij wanneer we ziek zijn.”
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I Traveled To Other Planets During My Near Death Experience
I Traveled To Other Planets During My Near Death Experience
Have you ever wondered what happens to us when we die? Some people experience NDE's and no longer have to wonder.
A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics.
When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. When negative, such experiences may include sensations of anguish and distress.
Explanations for NDEs vary from scientific to religious. Neuroscience research hypothesizes that an NDE is a subjective phenomenon resulting from "disturbed bodily multisensory integration" that occurs during life-threatening events, while some transcendental and religious beliefs about an afterlife include descriptions similar to NDEs.
Bijna duizend raadselachtige strengen ontdekt in Melkwegcentrum
Bijna duizend raadselachtige strengen ontdekt in Melkwegcentrum
Op een nieuw mozaïek van het turbulente centrum van ons Melkwegstelsel zijn bijna duizend geheimzinnige slierten te zien, die op onverklaarbare wijze in de ruimte ‘bungelen’. Deze eendimensionale ‘filamenten’, die tot 150 lichtjaar lang kunnen zijn, vormen paren en clusters, vaak op gelijke onderlinge afstanden – ongeveer zoals de snaren van een harp.
Hun bestaan is al bijna veertig jaar bekend, maar hoe ze zijn ontstaan is nog steeds niet duidelijk. Het nieuwe mozaïek biedt mogelijke aanknopingspunten (The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 3 februari).
Op de nieuwe afbeelding zijn tien keer meer filamenten te zien dan eerder waren ontdekt. Dat gaf Farhad Yusef-Zadeh van Northwestern University de mogelijkheid om de populatie van filamenten aan een statistische analyse te onderwerpen. Yusef-Zadeh is degene die de filamenten begin jaren tachtig als eerste opmerkte.
Hij en zijn team hebben de hemel de afgelopen drie jaar in kaart gebracht met de MeerKAT-radiotelescoop in Zuid-Afrika. Dat heeft een mozaïek opgeleverd van twintig hemelgebieden in de richting van het Melkwegcentrum, dat 25.000 lichtjaar van ons verwijderd is. Het complete resultaat zal binnenkort in The Astrophysical Journal worden gepubliceerd.
Behalve de filamenten zijn op de opnamen ook de radio-emissies van talrijke andere verschijnselen zoals steruitbarstingen, stellaire kraamkamers en nieuwe supernovaresten te zien. In hun recente publicatie hebben de astronomen specifiek gekeken naar de magnetische velden van de filamenten en de rol die kosmische straling speelt bij het oplichten ervan.
Daarbij is vastgesteld dat de variaties in de radiostraling die door de filamenten wordt uitgezonden sterk verschillen van die van een recent ontdekt supernovarestant. Dat suggereert dat er geen relatie bestaat tussen deze verschijnselen. Volgens de onderzoekers is het waarschijnlijker dat de filamenten verband houden met vroegere activiteit van het superzware zwarte gat in het centrum van de Melkweg. Een andere mogelijkheid is dat de filamenten te maken hebben met de enorme radiostraling-uitzendende bellen die Yusef-Zadeh en medewerkers in 2019 hebben ontdekt.
Momenteel zijn de onderzoekers van Northwestern University bezig om de eigenschappen van de afzonderlijke filamenten in kaart te brengen. Een van de vragen die de astronomen willen beantwoorden is waarom de filamenten in de clusters zich op gelijke onderlinge afstanden van ongeveer 150 miljoen kilometer bevinden. Ook is nog onduidelijk of de filamenten bewegen en hoe het kan dat ze elektronen versnellen tot bijna de snelheid van het licht.
De strengen – bijna duizend in aantal – kunnen wel 150 lichtjaar lang zijn en ze bestaan volgens Yusef-Zadeh uit elektronen die in het magnetische veld ronddraaien en bewegen met bijna de lichtsnelheid. De strengen komen in paren of clusters voor, zo lijkt het (zie de foto hieronder). Bij de clusters is de afstand tussen de strengen ongeveer gelijk – naar schatting bedraagt hun onderlinge afstand zo’n 150 miljoen km, dat is de afstand tussen aarde en zon – en lijken ze op de snaren van een harp.
Credit: Northwestern/ SARAO/ Oxford.
Yusef-Zadeh en zijn team hebben geprobeerd de oorsprong te achterhalen van de paren en clusters van strengen, maar echte duidelijkheid daarover hebben ze nog niet. Op de met MeerKAT gemaakte foto komen ook talloze supernovarestanten voor, expanderende schillen van heet gas die veroorzaakt zijn door exploderende sterren. De strengen lijken daar geen verband mee te hebben. Men denkt eerder aan een verband van de strengen met de activiteit van Sagittarius A* (kortweg Sgr A), het superzware zwarte gat in het centrum van de Melkweg. In 2019 ontdekte Yusef-Zadeh en z’n team twee enorme bellen van gas aan weerszijden van Sgr A, die radiostraling uitzenden (zie de foto hieronder). Het zou kunnen dat de strengen verbonden zijn op de één of andere manier aan die bellen. Alle strengen zijn magnetisch, zo is inmiddels wel duidelijk geworden. Maar hoe de elektronen daarbinnen tot snelheden van bijna de lichtsnelheid kunnen komen is niet bekend. Kortom, nog veel werk aan de winkel met deze mysterieuze strengen.
De twee in 2019 ontdekte bellen.
Credit: SARAO / Oxford / NRAO / AUI / NSF
Hier en daar de vakartikelen over de mysterieuze strengen in het Melkwegcentrum, te verschijnen in een komende editie van The Astrophysical Journal.
The Joint European Torus tokamak near Oxford, UK, is a test bed for the world’s largest fusion experiment, ITER, in France.
Credit: Christopher Roux (CEA-IRFM)/EUROfusion (CC BY 4.0)
A 24-year-old nuclear-fusion record has crumbled. Scientists at the Joint European Torus (JET) near Oxford, UK, announced on 9 February that they had generated the highest-ever sustained energy from fusing together atoms, more than doubling their own record from experiments performed in 1997.
“These landmark results have taken us a huge step closer to conquering one of the biggest scientific and engineering challenges of them all,” said Ian Chapman, who leads the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), where JET is based, in a statement. JET is owned by the UK Atomic Energy Authority, but it’s scientific operations are run by a European collaboration called EUROfusion.
If researchers can harness nuclear fusion — the process that powers the Sun — it promises to provide a near-limitless source of clean energy. But so far no experiment has generated more energy out than it puts in. JET’s results do not change that, but they suggest that a follow-up fusion reactor project that uses the same technology and fuel mix — the ambitious US$22-billion ITER, scheduled to begin fusion experiments in 2025 — should eventually be able to achieve this goal.
“JET really achieved what was predicted. The same modelling now says ITER will work,” says fusion physicist Josefine Proll at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, who was not involved in JET’s research. “It’s a really, really good sign and I’m excited.”
Two decades’ work
The experiments — the culmination of almost two decades’ work — are important for helping scientists to predict how ITER will behave and will guide its operating settings, says Anne White, a plasma physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge who works on tokamaks, reactors like JET that have a doughnut shape. “I am sure I am not alone in the fusion community in wanting to extend very hearty congratulations to the JET Team.”
JET and ITER use magnetic fields to confine plasma, a superheated gas of hydrogen isotopes, in the tokamak. Under heat and pressure, the hydrogen isotopes fuse into helium, releasing energy as neutrons.
To break the energy record, JET used a tritium fuel mix, the same one that will power ITER, which is being built in southern France. Tritium is a rare and radioactive isotope of hydrogen that, when fusing with deuterium, produces many more neutrons than do deuterium reactions alone. That ramps up the energy output, but using this fuel required JET to undergo more than two years of renovation to prepare the machine for the onslaught. Tritium was last used by a tokamak fusion experiment when JET set the previous fusion energy record in 1997.
JET contained two types of heavy hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, in fusion experiments performed last year.
Credit: EUROfusion consortium
In an experiment on 21 December 2021, JET’s tokamak produced 59 megajoules of energy over a fusion ‘pulse’ of five seconds, more than double the 21.7 megajoules released in 1997 over around four seconds. Although the 1997 experiment still retains the record for ‘peak power’, it was over a fraction of a second and its average power then was less than half that of today, says Fernanda Rimini, a plasma scientist at the CCFE who oversaw the latest experimental campaign. The improvement took 20 years of experimental optimization, as well as hardware upgrades that included replacing the tokamak’s inner wall to waste less fuel, she says.
Power ratio
Producing the energy over a number of seconds is essential for understanding the heating, cooling and movement happening inside the plasma that will be crucial to run ITER, says Rimini.
Five seconds “is a big deal”, adds Proll, who works on an alternative fusion-reactor design called a stellarator. “It is really, really impressive.”
Last year, the US Department of Energy’s National Ignition Facility set a different fusion record — it used laser technology to produce the highest fusion power output relative to power in, a value called Q. The facility produced a Q of 0.7, where 1 would be breakeven — a landmark for laser fusion that beat JET’s 1997 record. But the event was short lived, producing just 1.9 megajoules over less than 4 billionths of a second.
JET’s latest experiment sustained a Q value of 0.33 for five seconds, says Rimini. At one-tenth of the volume, JET is a scaled-down version of ITER — a bathtub compared to a swimming pool, says Proll, and because it loses heat more easily it was never expected to hit breakeven. If engineers applied the same conditions and physics approach to ITER, she says, it would probably reach its goal of a Q of 10, producing ten times the energy put in.
Fusion researchers are far from having all the answers. A remaining challenge, for example, is dealing with the heat created in the exhaust region of the ITER reactor, which will increase in area compared with JET, but not proportionally with the surge in power it will have to deal with. Research is under way to work out which design would best withstand the heat, but they’re not there yet, says Proll.
The record-breaking run happened on the last day of a five-month campaign from which Rimini says scientists gleaned a wealth of information that they will analyse over the coming years. The final experiment pushed the device to its “absolute maximum”, adds Rimini, who witnessed the record-breaking test in real-time. “We didn’t jump up and down and hug each other — we were at 2 metres distance — but it was very exciting.”
The UK-based Joint European Torus (JET) lab smashed its own 25-year-old record, producing 59 megajoules of energy over five seconds, roughly the equivalent of 30 pounds of TNT.
And thanks to a camera mounted inside the reactor, now we get to watch an incredible display of glowing plasma whipping around the interior of the donut-shaped chamber.
Hot in Herre
Conditions inside the reactor are extreme to say the least, with temperatures reaching in excess of 100 million degrees Celsius, ten times the core of the Sun. The plasma glow is created by isotopes of deuterium and tritium fusing together to form helium, essentially the same process that powers stars like our Sun.
The goal of achieving fusion — a virtually limitless supply of truly green and safe energy — is likely still many years out. The reaction may have lasted for a record five seconds, but the amount of energy needed to get the reaction going still far exceeds the amount that was gained.
But that doesn’t mean this week’s breakthrough wasn’t a major step towards that goal.
“It is really, really impressive,” fusion physicist Josefine Proll at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, who was not involved in the latest demo, told Nature, adding that five seconds is a “big deal.”
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Fusion Scientists Say They Just Made a Major Breakthrough
Fusion Scientists Say They Just Made a Major Breakthrough
"We've demonstrated that we can create a mini star inside of our machine and hold it..."
Image by JET
Scientists at the UK-based Joint European Torus (JET) lab have smashed a fusion energy record for the first time in 25 years, producing 59 megajoules of energy over five seconds, the BBC reports. That’s 11 megawatts, enough to boil about 60 kettles worth of water, or the equivalent of 30 pounds of TNT.
The test more than doubles the previous record of just 21.7 megajoules, set in 1997 at the same facility.
The team behind the experiment say it’s a major breakthrough, and one that inches closer to a green form of energy that doesn’t run the risk of ending in a nuclear meltdown.
“The JET experiments put us a step closer to fusion power,” Joe Milnes, the head of operations at JET, told the BBC. “We’ve demonstrated that we can create a mini star inside of our machine and hold it there for five seconds and get high performance, which really takes us into a new realm.”
“These landmark results have taken us a huge step closer to conquering one of the biggest scientific and engineering challenges of them all,” Ian Chapman, the chief executive of the UK Atomic Energy Authority, said in a statement. “It’s clear we must make significant changes to address the effects of climate change, and fusion offers so much potential.”
The test involved heating up ionized gases to roughly ten times the temperature of the Sun’s core. In these conditions, atomic nuclei fuse and release copious amounts of energy.
The difficult part is producing more energy than has to be put in to kickstart the reaction, which remains the holy grail of fusion energy. The JET facility achieved a Q value, the fusion power output relative to power, of just 0.33. A value of one would mean the facility produced as much energy as it used.
That may not sound awfully impressive in and of itself, but the fact that it sustained such a value over five seconds represents a major leap in the field. The 1997 record may have achieved a Q value of 0.7 — but it did so for less than 4 billionths of a second, as Nature points out.
Still, the JET reactor won’t be powering homes any time soon.
“Five seconds doesn’t sound like much, but if you can burn it for five seconds, presumably you could keep it stable and keep it burning for many minutes, hours, or days, which is what you are going to need for a proper fusion power plant, Mark Wenman, nuclear materials research fellow at Imperial College London, told The Guardian.
“It’s the proof of that concept that they have achieved,” he added.
The landmark experiment sets the stage for the much larger ITER, a multi-billion dollar fusion reactor being built in France. JET uses the same deuterium-tritium fuel mix that ITER will be using as well.
While it’s a notable moment in the development of fusion energy, scientists still have a long way to go until we can use fusion reactors as a sustainable form of energy.
But, for now, it’s important to celebrate a step in the right direction.
“We didn’t jump up and down and hug each other — we were at 2 metres distance — but it was very exciting,” Fernanda Rimini, a plasma scientist at the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) where JET is based, told Nature.
GEOMAGNETIC STORM KILLS 40 OF SPACEX’S STARLINK SATELLITES
GEOMAGNETIC STORM KILLS 40 OF SPACEX’S STARLINK SATELLITES
SORRY, ELON.
SPACEX/FUTURISM
Doomed Satellites
Sorry, Elon: a solar storm killed a bunch of Starlink satellites that SpaceX launched into orbit last week.
The 49 satellites were launched on February 3, according to a SpaceX update. Unfortunately, a geomagnetic storm had recently hit. This increased the density of Earth’s atmosphere, and with it the drag on the satellites, dooming 40 of them to deorbit.
“Preliminary analysis show the increased drag at the low altitudes prevented the satellites from leaving safe-mode to begin orbit raising maneuvers, and up to 40 of the satellites will reenter or already have reentered the Earth’s atmosphere,” the update said.
SpaceX said that the nearly 600lb falling satellites pose no danger to those on the ground, since they were designed to break up into tiny pieces upon reentry. The company also said that the wreckage poses “zero collision risk with other satellites.”
Geo Storm
Geomagnetic stormsoccur when the Sun creates big bursts of energy from events like solar flares. The bursts can create solar winds that impact Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere.
A solar flare that occurred on January 30 created a burst that traveled at some three million miles per hour, until it reached Earth and swatted down the 40 satellites like flies.
While this is certainly a learning experience for Musk and the SpaceX team, that’s cold comfort considering the company reportedly needs to keep launching satellites to keep financially afloat.
But we’ll cut them a break. After all, who of us hasn’t headed out without checking the weather and ended up in a nasty storm?
Of course, we don’t typically lose tens of millions of dollars in sophisticated space equipment when we do.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
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