Could There Be a Civilization Prior to Ours in the Solar System? 

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28-08-2022 om 18:23 geschreven door peter  

Titans Under the Earth: Evidence for The Tall Ones, and the Mounds of Pennsylvania

• This article is dedicated to the memory of John William Dillon, who kept truth and dreams alive.

During the Early Woodland Period (1000—200 BC), the Adena people constructed extensive burial mounds and earthworks throughout the Ohio Valley in Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and West Virginia. Many of the skeletal remains found in these mounds by early antiquarians and 20th-Century archaeologists were of powerfully-built individuals reaching between 6.5 and eight feet in height (198 cm – 244 cm). It is the record of these remains which has given rise to the subject of the ancient “giants” of the Ohio Valley.

Criel Mound

( Public Domain )

Destruction of Evidence

While doing research for a book on this subject over the last several years, the authors were struck by how little of the archaeology of some regions is freely accessible and available to the public. One of those areas is the state of Pennsylvania, where the Carnegie Museum destroyed countless burial mounds without filing comprehensive reports in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Many of the mounds wrecked by the Carnegie are only known to the public from old press reports, such as the following published in The Sun on December 8, 1893:

“This mound, which was originally about 100 feet long and more than 12 feet high, has been somewhat worn down by time. It is on the J.R. Secrist farm in South Huntington township…The most interesting feature in the recent excavation was the mummified torso of the human body…Portions of the bones dug up and the bones in the legs, Prof. Peterson declares, are those of a person between eight and nine feet in height.”

Miamisburg Mound

( CC BY-SA 3.0 )

Large Skeletal Remains

In order to add some clarity to the subjects of the mound builders and large skeletal remains from Pennsylvania, the authors reviewed a considerable amount of archaeological literature from the state and incorporated the information into several chapters of Ages of the Giants: A Cultural History of the Tall Ones in Prehistoric America (Serpent Mound Books and Press, 2017). Perhaps the most famous instance of press reports describing a large skeleton from a Pennsylvania mound is a case from Union Township in Washington County, Pennsylvania.

In 1932, archaeologist George Fisher excavated the mound after he was informed that amateurs were engaged in heavy looting at the site. This situation attracted hundreds of spectators, and Fisher’s work became a subject of daily discussion by the local media. One discovery in particular was regularly reported at this time:

“One of the most interesting reports that will go into the archives is that on the body of a giant, seven feet five inches tall. This titan was found on the fifth level of the clay mound where the bodies were sandwiched between 11 layers of sandstone. The majority of the adults measured between five feet 10 inches and six feet three inches in stature…”
--The Daily Republican, 9/15/1932

• The Malagana Treasure: Gold and Greed, A Lost Civilization Plundered
• Adena Axis Mundi & Large Skeletal Remains: Archaeology of the Grave Creek Mound - Part I
• The Giants of Doddridge County: Burials of a Vanished Race – Part I

“One of the skeletons of these mighty men is seven feet, five inches in length, and even the remains of the women and children show them to have been of tremendous stature. Heavy, primitive faces must have topped their mammoth bodies, Fisher says, for all of the skulls are heavy boned, with massive jaws and strong teeth that could have ripped meat into shreds…”
--The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 9/14/1932

A human effigy pipe created by the prehistoric Adena culture, which lived in the Ohio Valley between 800 BC and 100 AD.

( OhioMemory.org)

Mystery of the Mounds

Over the last decade, these types of press reports have caused several researchers to seek out more information on the mound excavated by Fisher, but until now it has remained largely a mystery. The authors found that the site is known in the archaeological literature as the Pollock’s Hill stone mound. There is some debate over the age and cultural affiliations of the mound. Archaeologist and Adena expert Don W. Dragoo considered the Pollock’s Hill Cairn to belong to an Adena stone mound sub-tradition. In more modern times, archaeologists have re-evaluated some of the mounds that Dragoo included in this cultural taxon and have suggested that they could actually date to Late Woodland times —several hundred years after the age of Adena.

One reason for the difficulty in finding professionally documented information on the Pollock’s Hill Cairn is the fact that Fisher himself did not publish the official report. Instead, Donald Cadzow published the report in 1933, utilizing information taken directly from Fisher’s field notes. According to Cadzow’s document, Fisher unearthed an extended adult skeleton covered with packed mud and rocks in the northwestern portion of the mound, which is numbered burial 39 in the field notes. Regarding this burial, Cadzow’s report states, “As the bones were in poor condition, it was impossible to obtain exact measurements. Their size, however, indicated a very large heavy person, much larger than the other burials in the mound.”

Bone size indicated a very large, heavy person.

(Public Domain)

Following the excavations, the bones of over 40 skeletons from Pollock’s Hill were transported to the Museum in Harisburg and then to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. On October 12, 1932, The Pittsburg Press reported that Donald Cadzow himself was the person in charge of transporting the skeletons from Finleyville to the museum, noting, “One skeleton making the trip with Cadzow to the capital is a giant 7 feet 5 inches in height.” The information in the article came from an interview with Cadzow, who took the opportunity to condemn the Carnegie Museum’s handling of Pennsylvania’s prehistory.

Artifacts on record from the Pollock’s Hill Cairn include two rolled copper tubular beads, bone hairpins, stemmed and tanged points, celts, one stone mortar, and perforated bear canine teeth.

Adena culture gorget ornaments always two holes at Grave Creek Mound Museum. Moundsville, WV.

Representative image ( Travelphotobase.com)

Field Notes from the Important Site

Large skeletal remains were also recovered from the McKees Rocks Mound, which once overlooked the confluence of the Ohio River and Cartier’s Creek at Stowe Township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Frank Gerodette excavated the McKees Rocks Mound on behalf of the Carnegie Museum in 1896. Unfortunately, several controversies lead to Gerodette’s resignation from the Carnegie and permanent retreat from archaeology before a complete report was filed for the excavations. In Ages of the Giants, we utilized Gerodette’s field notes, as well as the research of five different archaeologists who reviewed the field notes, artifacts, and bones from the mound to recreate the discoveries at this important site. Relevant sources for the information provided here—as well as much more info on the site—can be found in the book.

The McKees Rocks Mound was 16 or 17 feet (4.8 – 5.1 meters) in height at the time of excavation and 85 feet (26 meters) in diameter. There were over 30 burials in the mound of extended, cremated, and bone-bundled human remains, many of which were found in stone cist tombs. The mound was built up in three construction phases, each of which took an unknown length of time to complete. These phases span the time of Adena to the end of the Middle Woodland Period. The oldest or primary phase of the mound was a 3.5-feet-high (one-meter-high) tumulus made of river sand and clay, which covered the skeleton of an Adena female 6-foot-2-inches (188 cm) in length.

Artifacts with this burial include an adze, four deer or elk scapula awls, a copper sheath for an imitation bear canine, 357 columnella shell beads, 153 marginella shell beads, antler and bone flaking tools, and one slate reel-shaped gorget.

Example sketch of an enlarged Adena mound

( Public Domain )

Burial 20 was a female in a sandstone cist tomb. Referring to this burial, Frank Gerodette’s field notes mention, “the person could not have been less than 6-foot-six-inches high” (198 cm). The skull of this burial had been crushed down into the breastbones, and the bones of the feet were missing. According to the historian George Thornton Fleming (who carefully documented the excavations), the remains would have “measured seven feet in height” with the feet and neck intact. There were several other skeletons from McKees Rocks, which measured between 6-feet-2-inches and 6-feet-f4- inches in length.

Squawkie Hill, Curious Burial Mound

In northwestern Pennsylvania, many burial mounds have been attributed to a Hopewell-influenced tradition, which some archaeologists have referred to as the Squawkie Hill Culture . Squawkie Hill mounds are also found in northeastern Ohio, the Upper Ohio Valley in West Virginia, and New York State. These mounds date to the Middle Woodland period, usually between 100 and 500 AD. Squawkie Hill sites in Pennsylvania include the Sugar Run, Corydon, Irvin, and Cornplanter mound groups.

At the Cornplanter Run site in Warren County, Edmund Carpenter investigated two surviving mounds in 1941. He found the mounds to contain circular stone vaults composed of stone slabs, also featuring stone roofing. The tombs were all empty, but one still contained a blade, red ocher, and calcined bone. According to Carpenter’s report, a local artifact collector named Dudley A. Martin had looted the tombs prior to his investigations. Fortunately, Martin himself had gone public with his findings in the January 27, 1937 issue of The Altoona Tribune :

“Dudley A. Martin, octogenarian and collector of Indian relics, states that he was present at the opening of some curious burial mounds on the Cornplanter Indian reservation in Warren County nearly fifty years ago. These barrows were walled up inside and had outlets to the air, so much so that on opening one mound it was found to be full of rattlesnakes…In one mound was found the skeleton of a chief seven feet tall, wearing much barbaric adornment and jewelry.”

• A Glimpse into the Intuitive Medicine of the Native American Tradition
• A Portrait of an Adena Female and Women in Adena Society
• The Mythical Dilmun and The Island of the Dead

There are many similar accounts from burial mounds featuring traits similar to the Cornplanter Mounds along the Pennsylvania—New York State border region:

“…just over the line in Genesee Township, a mound about fourteen feet in diameter, walled up by a stone cairn, about three or four feet high…Some curious persons dug into the side of this mound and brought to light the skeleton of a man of gigantic size, also the bones of a dog, nearly all of the bones crumbing upon exposure to the air…With the bones were found numerous flint arrow-heads, and some stone ornaments, and about a pint of  small shells, which also soon disintegrated upon exposure.”

 “In December, 1886, W. H. Scoville, of Andrews Settlement, discovered a mound at Ellisburg. On exploring it were found parts of the skeleton of a man measuring between seven and eight feet.”

--Michael A Leeson, History of the Counties of McKean, Elk, Cameron and Potter, Pennsylvania , J.H. Beers & Co., 1860.

“This mound was opened by vandals about 25 years ago, and entire skeletons in a good state of preservation were tossed aside or carried off by schoolboys. Many of the remains were found near the surface, covered by broad flagstones, while others were found at a considerable depth. Great quantities of arrow heads, discoidals, stone axes and beads of various kinds were discovered with the bones. Some of the skeletons were of such large proportions as to indicate that the people who lived in the days when the mound was built were a race of giants.”
--Pittsburgh Daily Post , October 7, 1895.

Archaeological research conducted in recent years indicates that the cultural history of Western Pennsylvania—including the Adena, Hopewell, and Late Woodland mounds—is in need of revision. Perhaps as these new investigations progress, more information on obscure and little-known sites will become available.

• Jason Jarrell and Sarah Farmer  are investigative historians and avocational archaeologists, and are the authors of Ages of the Giants: A Cultural History of the Tall Ones in Prehistoric America (Serpent Mound Books and Press, 2017).  | ParadigmCollision.com
• Top Image: Hopewell mounds from the Mound City Group in Ohio. Representative image (Heironymous Rowe/ CC BY-SA 3.0) Bones, and archaeological sketches of Adena sites. (Public Domain);Deriv.

By Jason Jarrell and Sarah Farmer

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

28-08-2022 om 01:45 geschreven door peter  

Sumerians Built Spaceport, Launched Spacecrafts And Traveled Outside Solar System 7000 Years Ago

By Vicky Verma

In 2016, Iraqi Transport Minister Kazim Finjan made a sensational statement during his business trip to Dhi Qar. According to him, the Sumerians had their own spaceport and actively traveled, including outside the solar system.

 

The Sumerians were one of the ancient advanced civilizations that lived around 7000 years ago in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers which later became Babylonia and is now in Iraq and Syria.

The ancient buildings of the Sumerians amaze with their grandeur and are not inferior to the Egyptian pyramids. Naturally, numerous theories are proposed about the purpose of the ziggurats (massive structures built in ancient Mesopotamia), including ufologists’ interest. However, nobody expected the official to make such a statement.

The Sumerians believed in many gods. They prayed to Anu (supreme god or sky god), Enki (god of water, knowledge, mischief, crafts, and creation), Enlil (Lord Wind), Inanna (Queen of Heaven), Utu (sun-god), and Sin (moon-god).

They invented numerous technologies including the wheel, cuneiform script, arithmetic, geometry, irrigation, saws and other tools, sandals, chariots, harpoons, and beer.

Finjan is sure that the first airports and spacecraft platforms were built about 7000 уears ago in the ancient cities of Eridu and Ur. Unfortunately, the minister did not mention where the Sumerians had such technologies from, and why there was no evidence of them.

Read also:

• Mystery Behind 6000-Year-Old Genetic Disc: Humanoid & Cell Figures, Hoax Or Real?
• 3000-Years-Old Assyrian Cuneiform Tablets Can Save Earth From Future Solar Storms
• Underwater Pyramid Found In China May Have Been Built Before Last Ice Age
• Mysterious Ritual Of Asaro Mud Men From Papua New Guinea Signs Alien Encounter In Past

Sumerians Built Spacecraft Launch Pad 7,000 Years Ago 

Professor Kamal Aziz Ketuly wrote that during his visit to the Iraqi Museum in Baghdad, at the Sumerian wing, he observed three Sumerian clay tablets with cuneiform writing and drawings, dating back to around 3000 BC. According to him, in one of the tablets, he found heliocentric drawings of the solar system.

Additionally, from 3000 BC, “Mesopotamians used a calendar with months and years, which indicates that the Moon was studied at that early age.” Interestingly, in ancient Mesopotamia, “all five planets visible to the naked eye were known and studied, along with the Moon, the Sun, the stars, and other celestial phenomena.” These planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

Scientists have several versions of the emergence of multi-tier temples. One of them is the need to keep the building in a good condition, as was intended for the gods for as long as possible. That is why each next tier was built on the previous one.

The Sumerians showed their desire for the upper world. The number of platforms could coincide with the number of known luminaries. It is worth noting that there were no forests and minerals in Lower Mesopotamia. The Sumerians actively traded, so it is hard to imagine where the resources for building full-fledged spaceships came from.

The truth will remain under the cover of time. If the Sumerians could conquer space, then they would have long flown away from Earth.

ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

28-08-2022 om 01:12 geschreven door peter  

Jen Sullivan is the author of Child of the Universe, a book where she describes her memories of several past lives that were connected to the origins of Atlantis and Lemuria (Lymuria), and their respective destruction. Jen was suffering from a brain tumor when she was asked by her long time friend, Sarah Breskman Cosme, to participate in Quantum Hypnosis Healing Technique (QHHT) sessions to complete Sarah’s level 3 certification with Delores Cannon’s QHHT program.

After Jen recalled details of her most recent past life where she jumped off a bridge to her death in 1978 after going through a lobotomy as a result of nobody believing her past life recollections at the time, she experienced a remarkable healing. As the QHHT sessions continued, Jen remembered her first past life on Earth as a male when she was part of an extraterrestrial mission that crash landed in a large south Pacific island. She remembers being ultimately successful in creating a hybrid being using the genetics of a primitive local female and her DNA. The hybrid that was born became revered for her wisdom and ability to use red crystals that were retrieved from the spacecraft , and became the first Queen of Lemuria. Her name was Oona.

One of Jen’s companions on the crashed extraterrestrial spacecraft traveled through a space time portal to the other side of the planet taking with him some of the red crystals. He was involved in creating a hybrid being that was among the first Atlanteans who gained control over the local population. Ultimately, the Atlanteans followed a path of rapid technological development where the red crystals were used for weapons development and imperial conquest. In contrast the Lemurians lived a more peaceful life in harmony with nature where the red crystals were used to sustain a natural immunity to all disease, and considerably extended their life spans.

In her book, Jen describes the circumstances surrounding the Atlanteans visiting and ultimately destroying Lemuria. In that incarnation, Jen was a princess (Kala) who briefly reigned after her mother, the Queen was killed by the Atlanteans. Shortly after her coronation, Lemuria was destroyed by tidal waves created by undersea detonations caused by the Altanteans, and she was captured. Jen remembered being taken to Atlantis where she was tortured and interrogated for many decades over her knowledge and abilities concerning the red crystals.

In her first interview on Exopolitics Today, Jen describes why she chose to undergo the QHHT sessions with Sarah Cosme, the healing she experienced, and the details of her remarkable past lives as an extraterrestrial and the last Queen of Lemuria/Lymuria. Her memories of captivity in Atlantis over many decades gives a unique perspective on Atlantean culture, politics and science.

• Interview Available on YouTube & Rumble
• Audio Podcast on Apple, Spotify, or Google

• Jen Sullivan’s book is available at amazon.com
• Her website is www.jlfsullivan.com

{ https://exopolitics.org/ }

28-08-2022 om 00:22 geschreven door peter  

A New Study Confirms That Gravity has Remained Constant for the Entire age of the Universe

For over a century, astronomers have known that the Universe has been expanding since the Big Bang. For the first eight billion years, the expansion rate was relatively consistent since it was held back by the force of gravitation. However, thanks to missions like the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have since learned that roughly five billion years ago, the rate of expansion has been accelerating. This led to the widely-accepted theory that a mysterious force is behind the expansion (known as Dark Energy), while some insist that the force of gravity may have changed over time.

This is a contentious hypothesis since it means that Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity (which has been validated nine ways from Sunday) is wrong. But according to a new study by the international Dark Energy Survey (DES) Collaboration, the nature of gravity has remained the same throughout the entire history of the Universe. These findings come shortly before two next-generation space telescopes (Nancy Grace Roman and Euclid) are sent to space to conduct even more precise measurements of gravity and its role in cosmic evolution.

The DES Collaboration comprises researchers from universities and institutes in the U.S., U.K., Canada, Chile, Spain, Brazil, Germany, Japan, Italy, Australia, Norway, and Switzerland. Their third-year findings were presented at the International Conference on Particle Physics and Cosmology (COSMO’22), which took place in Rio de Janeiro from August 22nd to 26th. They were also shared in a paper titled “Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Constraints on extensions to Lambda CDM with weak lensing and galaxy clustering” that appeared in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review D.

Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, which he finalized in 1915, describes how the curvature of spacetime is altered in the presence of gravity. For over a century, this theory has accurately predicted almost everything in our Universe, from Mercury’s orbit and gravitational lensing to the existence of black holes. But between the 1960s and 1990s, two discrepancies were discovered that led astronomers to wonder if Einstein’s theory was correct. First, astronomers noted that the gravitational effects of massive structures (like galaxies and galaxy clusters) did not accord with their observed mass.

This gave rise to the theory that space is filled with an invisible mass that interacts with “normal” (aka. “luminous” or visible) matter via gravity. Meanwhile, the observed expansion of the cosmos (and how it is subject to acceleration) gave rise to the theory of Dark Energy and the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (Lambda CDM) cosmological model. Cold Dark Matter is an interpretation where this mass is composed of large, slow-moving particles while Lambda represents Dark Energy. In theory, these two forces constitute 95% of the total mass-energy content of the Universe, yet all attempts to find direct evidence of them have failed.

The only possible alternative is that Relativity needs to be modified to account for these discrepancies. To find out if that’s the case, members of the DES used the Victor M. Blanco 4-meter Telescope at the Cerro Telolo Inter-American Observatory in Chile to observe galaxies up to 5 billion light-years away. They hoped to determine if gravity has varied over the past 5 billion years (since the acceleration began) or over cosmic distances. They also consulted data from other telescopes, including the ESA’s Planck satellite, which has been mapping the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) since 2009.

They paid close attention to how the images they saw contained subtle distortions due to dark matter (gravitational lenses). As the first image released from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) illustrated, scientists can infer the strength of gravity by analyzing the extent to which a gravitational lens distorts spacetime. So far, the DES Collaboration has measured the shapes of over 100 million galaxies, and the observations all match what General Relativity predicts. The good news is that Einstein’s theory still holds, but this also means that the mystery of Dark Energy persists for the time being.

Luckily, astronomers will not have to wait long before new and more detailed data is available. First, there’s the ESA’s Euclid mission, slated for launch by 2023 at the latest. This mission will map the geometry of the Universe, looking 8 billion years into the past to measure the effects of Dark Matter and Dark Energy. By May 2027, it will be joined by NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, which will look back over 11 billion years. These will be the most detailed cosmological surveys ever conducted and are expected to provide the most compelling evidence for (or against) the Lambda-CDM model.

As study co-author Agnès Ferté, who conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at JPL, said in a recent NASA press release:

“There is still room to challenge Einstein’s theory of gravity, as measurements get more and more precise. But we still have so much to do before we’re ready for Euclid and Roman. So it’s essential we continue to collaborate with scientists around the world on this problem as we’ve done with the Dark Energy Survey.”

In addition, observations provided by Webb of the earliest stars and galaxies in the Universe will allow astronomers to chart the evolution of the cosmos from its earliest periods. These efforts have the potential to answer some of the most pressing mysteries in the Universe. These include how Relativity and the observed mass and expansion of the Universe coincide but could also provide insight into how gravity and the other fundamental forces of the Universe (as described by quantum mechanics) interact – a Theory of Everything (ToE).

If there’s one thing that characterizes the current era of astronomy, it is the way that long-term surveys and next-generation instruments are coming together to test what has been the stuff of theory until now. The potential breakthroughs that these could lead to are sure to both delight and confound us. But ultimately, they will revolutionize the way we look at the Universe.

Further Reading: 

• NASA

The post A New Study Confirms That Gravity has Remained Constant for the Entire age of the Universe appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/157307/a-new-study-confirms-that-gravity-has-remained-constant-for-the-entire-age-of-the-universe/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

27-08-2022 om 22:00 geschreven door peter  

Daytime UFO over Tabatinga, Brazil 2022

Check the video below and let us know your opinion in the comment section!

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

27-08-2022 om 18:55 geschreven door peter  

Is Earth A Prison Planet And The Moon A Station For Guardians?

Isaac Asimov suggested a long time ago that the Moon is not a natural astral body.

All independent studies ever since backed Asimov’s calculations and it was proven beyond any reasonable doubt that the gravitational features of the Moon are not just abnormal.

They are the exact numbers required so that the Moon does not escape from the Earth’s gravity and be pulled towards the Sun, as it should be, according to the law of universal gravitation.

Taking under consideration the hundreds of unnatural phenomena that happen on the surface of the moon that NASA never bothered to reveal to the general public but have nevertheless been observed for centuries by independent observers, it may be assumed that the Moon is a constructed spacecraft and not a normal astral body.

To mention but a few of these observations:

• The moon is older than the Earth. Carbon dating shows the Earth at 4.6 billion years old and the Moon at 5.3.
• The dust around the Moon that is supposed to have come from weathering and the breakup of the rocks on the Moon’s surface, has a chemical composition that does not match the composition of the rocks on the Moon itself. This dust itself is another billion years older than the moon.
• While the Moon has no magnetic field, Moon rocks are magnetized.
• There is evidence that the Moon craters were created through internal procedures, but the Moon has never been hot enough to create volcanos.
• The surface metals are heavier than the metals in the core. (Usually the light metals are found on the surface and the heavier ones closer to the core).

So, that theory accepts that someone placed the Moon where it is, making the debate focus on the purpose. Based on certain facts, there have been theories stipulated, in various timelines, which support the concept that our entire planet was created as a sort of prison. According to one theory, it is a prison for the observation of our species.

For another theory, Earth is a spiritual prison. Putting aside the question mark on the sanity of the people who quoted these theories, and the disqualifications, for obvious reasons, from the authorities responsible of doing so, let’s focus on the facts that these theories are based on.

Let’s keep an open mind about this, as it is only natural that when a theory is brought forth, supporting something different than what was taught in school, most people dismiss it without even considering the evidence.

1. Earth is an inherently unstable planet

It cannot support habitation and sustain long lasting civilizations. What facts support that statement?

Continuous earthquakes, volcano eruptions and other “natural phenomena” that supposedly demolish any civilization that advances too far ahead of its time (Minoan civilization, Atlantis, Pompeii, Damghan (Iran), Antioch, plagues in eastern and western Roman empires, etc).

Is it logical to anyone that mankind tries to build on a foundation that is capable of destroying everything built in a matter of seconds? Can there be any other reason, than the possibility they may have no other option like leaving here and go somewhere else with more favorable conditions?

2. Mankind is self-destructive

It’s a bare fact that people cannot stand other people. Wars, attacks, raids, murders, rapes, crime, and anything imaginable from people to hurt other people. Isn’t this exactly what happens in a prison full of criminals?

People are put behind bars when the crime is small scale (individuals and small groups), but large scale “incidents” are recorded in history as significant events like the Crusades, World Wars, Revolutionary Wars, Civil Wars, Genghis Khan, Attila the Hun. And they are taught in the history books and schools. Does this make sense to anyone?

3. Mankind is always driven by a “higher force”

Let’s take a look at some of the great figures of history. Alexander the Great, Charlemagne, Barbarossa, Peter the Great, Ivan the Terrible, Mao Zedong, Josef Stalin, Winston Churchill, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Khmer Rouge, Genghis Khan, Attila the Hun, Julius Caesar, Francisco Pissarro, Franco, and the list goes on and on. Between them: about 1.000,000,000 dead.

Yes, the figure is correct. One billion dead people in wars driven by a “higher force”. One billion souls sacrificed “in the name of the Higher Force (replace Higher Force with whatever name you prefer)”.

What is the best way to control prisoners? Allow them to retain their gang structure inside? Arian Nation against Black Panthers? Triads against Mafia? Latinos against everyone else?

Divide and conquer. The oldest trick in the book. 756,000 inmates in all the prisons of the world have lost their lives in gang feuds within the prison walls. And for what? An ideology, a race, a way of doing things, a religion, an individual.

Any similarities, anyone?

So! On the one hand you have an extraterrestrial astral body placed in position by unknown forces, with the exact properties required to stay there forever, and with mysterious happenings observed on its surface. On the other hand you have a population that acts exactly like prison inmates.

Is it wrong to assume that the astral body was placed there to guard the inmates?

By Yiannis

source: 

• Learning Mind

{ https://anomalien.com/ }

27-08-2022 om 01:46 geschreven door peter  

Thousands of Nasa Apollo mission photos uploaded online

By Jimmy Blake
Newsbeat reporter

IMAGE SOURCE,NASA / Image caption,

A weather system on Earth watched by the crew onboard Apollo 11

IMAGE SOURCE,NASA / Image caption,

Earth peeps across the moon's horizon. It's known as an 'earthset' or 'earthrise'

IMAGE SOURCE,NASA  / Image caption,

This is an "Earthset", as photographed by the crew of Apollo 17 during lunar orbit. It's one of Kipp's favourites

{ https://www.bbc.com/news }

27-08-2022 om 01:07 geschreven door peter  

This Ice Cliff is One of the Few Places With Exposed Water ice in the Mid-Latitudes on Mars. It’s Probably Tens of Millions of Years old

Because of the orbiters and landers that have studied Mars over the years, scientists have learned that water ice is very likely locked away just under the surface throughout the planet’s mid-latitudes. These regions – especially in the northern hemisphere — are mostly covered with smooth material and scientists suspect ice is just underneath.

But sometimes, images like this give one from the HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, provides a glimpse of the ice that might be buried below the surface. This image shows a cliff jutting out of the normally smooth terrain, and the cliff is covered with bright ice.

“The bright material on the cliff face is icy and is preserved only because the cliff points away from the equator, so it is shaded most of the time,” wrote HiRISE team member Shane Byrne. “Faint bands on the cliff might indicate layers in the ice that record different climate conditions. We do not know how much time this ice took to accumulate here, but studies elsewhere on Mars indicate that material like this is sometimes at least tens of millions of years old.”

Byrne said the cliff in this image is one example out of a few dozen that are known. However, if sunlight hits these icy cliffs, and if the cliff is steep enough, sometimes an avalanche can take place as the ice sublimates away. HiRISE has previously taken several images of avalanches as they are taking place!

Back in 2019, scientists used data from MRO and the Mars Odyssey mission to create a map of water ice in the Martian mid-latitudes where they believe the ice could be as little as an inch (2.5 centimeters) below the surface.

“You wouldn’t need a backhoe to dig up this ice. You could use a shovel,” said the lead author of the study, Sylvain Piqueux of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “We’re continuing to collect data on buried ice on Mars, zeroing in on the best places for astronauts to land.”

The water ice just below the surface would provide easily accessible in-situ resources for future explorers on Mars. While there are several enticing places they could land, a large portion of a region called Arcadia Planitia is the most tempting target in the northern hemisphere. The map above shows lots of blue and purple in this region, representing water ice less than one foot (30 centimeters) below the surface; warm colors are over two feet (60 centimeters) deep.

Landing humans on Mars is likely a decade or two away, but in the meantime, MRO and HiRISE will keep circling the planet, on the lookout for landing sites that might include water ice nearby.

Scientists have come to realize that, just below the surface, about one third of Mars is covered in ice. We study this ice to learn about Mars' ancient climate and astronauts' future water supplies.

Sometimes we see the buried ice because cliffs form like the one in this image. On the brownish, dusty cliff wall, the faint light-blue-colored ice shows through. Some of these cliffs change before our eyes and boulders of ice can tumble downhill. We take repeat images of these scenes to check for changes like this.

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

• Check out all the stunning imagery of Mars on the HiRISE camera website.

The post This Ice Cliff is One of the Few Places With Exposed Water ice in the Mid-Latitudes on Mars. It’s Probably Tens of Millions of Years old appeared first on Universe Today.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

27-08-2022 om 00:18 geschreven door peter  

26-08-2022 om 23:50 geschreven door peter  

Henry Holloway

THE PENTAGON allegedly has in its possession an incredible clear photo of a "Black Triangle" UFO spectacularly rising out of the ocean.

Ever since the photo's alleged existence was first reported in late 2020, UFO enthusiasts have been begging for its release.

It is thought to be one of the most compelling UFO sightings ever captured on camera because it was reportedly snapped by a US Navy pilot flying an F/A-18F Super Hornet.

The photo's existence has never been officially confirmed by the Pentagon - but many state it exists, and say they have been told as much by government insiders.

The Sun Online understands the photo is highly classified because it was captured using military equipment on board the fighter plane.

For many UFO sleuths it has become one of the Holy Grails - a picture that would leave no doubt in the minds of sceptics about the reality of the mysterious phenomena.

Pentagon officials reportedly have the "extremely clear" photo in their possession as it was reportedly circulated last year in an intelligence report by the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) Task Force.

It was allegedly taken by a pilot in 2019 who spotted the craft as it emerged from the ocean and began to rise straight upwards, first reported The Debrief.

The object was described as a large triangle with "blunted" edges and spherical white "lights" on each corner - and the encounter is said to have occurred off the East Coast of the US.

Pilots who encountered the object are believed to have been operating from either the USS Dwight D. Eisenhower or the USS John C. Stennis.

Both of which are Nimitz-class nuclear-powered supercarriers - further deepening the apparent links between UFOs and man's nuclear capabilities.

It could be a key piece of evidence, demonstrating that we are truly in the presence of some other intelligence

Andy McGrillenUAP Media UK

Tom Rogan, the national security writer for the Washington Examiner, backed the existence of the stunning photo after verifying it with his sources.

He told The Sun Online: "It’s the tip of the iceberg. But we will see more leaks of UAP imagery and data in the coming years.

"The Pentagon should get ahead of the curve and officially release more material."

The file containing the photo was reportedly circulated on NSANet - the US National Security Agency's official intranet - to which Britain and other Five Eyes intelligence alliance nations are believed to have access.

What are the 'Black Triangles'?

"BLACK Triangles" have been a common part of the UFO phenomena since the first wave of sightings back in the 1940s.

As their name suggests, the objects appear floating in the sky as dark triangular shapes often peppered with lights.

Some of the triangles have been described as up to 120 metres long and they appear to move noiselessly without any contrails.

The triangles are part of a host of weird and wonderful UFO shapes - going from saucers, to spheres, to the infamous "Tic Tacs".

David Marler, UFO researcher and author of Triangular UFOs: An Estimate of the Situation, told the HISTORY he has up to 17,000 cases files on the phenomena.

He suggested the slow movement of the shapes could suggest "surveillance" or perhaps even scanning the landscape.

And in one of the most stunning encounters, it is reported in March 1990 two F-16 fighter jets in Belgium encountered a "Black Triangle".

It was said the shape accelerated away at 1,120mph within seconds - a manoeuvre that "exceeded the limits of conventional aviation", according to the air force.

British military UFO investigation Project Condign - which ran from 1997 to 2000 - makes mention of the shapes, but dismisses them as similar phenomena to ball lightning.

But if the existence of the Pentagon photo and the accounts of the 2019 East Coast encounter are true - it seems there is more to the triangles than a bizarre atmospheric disturbance.

Some have also speculated sightings of "Black Triangles" could be mis-identification for military aircraft using the flying wing design - such as Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk or B-2 Spirit.

Or the sightings could perhaps be more speculative and experimental craft, such as the rumoured TR-3A Black Manta or the Aurora.

Once again however - this does not explain the potential sighting in the Atlantic allegedly photographed by the US Navy pilot in 2019.

So-called "Black Triangle" sightings have been recorded for decades - including by the military - but often have been dismissed as secret aircraft or atmospheric anomalies.

And this alleged sighting and photo further raises questions over the links between UFOs and the ocean, with the Pentagon said to be probing the "transmedium" element of the phenomena.

"Transmedium" is the apparent ability of some UAPs to transit seamlessly between the air and the ocean.

Some have speculated UFOs may actually come from beneath the ocean - and numerous videos show the unusual ways they interact with the water.

Reports of incredible images being circulated in classified government documents just add the intrigue surrounding the upcoming UAP Task Force report which was ordered by US lawmakers.

The unprecedented dossier's deadline is now just days away, and it is reportedly set to not rule out an alien origin for UFOs.

Dismissed as a conspiracy theory for decades, former US defence officials, sitting politicians, and former presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton have all acknowledged there is something unusual going on in our skies.

Luis Elizondo, who headed up the secretive Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) for the Pentagon, was recently also recently quizzed on the photo.

The intelligence officer resigned his post as he sought to bring the discussion about the UFOs into the mainstream, describing them as a "national security issue".

Quizzed on the Disclosure Team channel on YouTube bout whether he had seen the infamous image, Mr Elizondo replied: "I can't discuss that."

He added with a smile: "Great question".

The insider's decision to neither confirm or deny the existence of the photo has only fuelled the enthusiasm and speculation surrounding the alleged picture.

HIGHLY CLASSIFIED

Andy McGrillen, from UAP Media UK, a team set up to campaign for a more open and serious discussion on UFOs in Britain, told The Sun Online: "The much talked about Black Triangle picture is one that has had much of the community excited for some time.

"Recently I have been informed that the photo is of a craft that was initially tracked underwater then emerged, climbing to an altitude of 35-40,000 feet when an aircraft’s onboard systems took a high fidelity image.

"The triangular object was reported as having rounded edges, with lights on each of its corners. There were no obvious signs of propulsion.

"Something like this will surely be highly classified given the nature of the equipment taking the picture.

"However, if it did make its way into the public domain it could be a key piece of evidence, demonstrating that we are truly in the presence of some other intelligence."

Screenshot from the eerie and unexplained 'Tic Tac' video filmed by the US Navy and released by the Pentagon

Credit: US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE

Screenshot from the 'Gimbal' UFO video which includes US Navy pilots exclaiming 'look at that thing!'

Credit: US Department of Defense

Another US Navy video called 'Go Fast' which shows a UFO being tracked

Credit: US Department of Defense

What is going on with UFOs in the US?

UFOS have stepped from fringe conspiracy theories to a genuine national security debate in the US.

Pentagon officials last year took the unprecedented step to confirm a trio of remarkable videos which showed US encounters with UFOs.

The debate is still open as to what the phenomena caught on film were – but it made clear to everyone, something is in the skies.

Perhaps the most striking was a video known as the “Tic Tac” – which showed an unidentified object being pursued by fighter planes.

The US also confirmed the existence of the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) – a Pentagon programme set up to study UFOs before being disbanded in 2017.

However, it was replaced by the UAP Task Force in June 2020 after a vote by the US Senate Intelligence Committee.

Defence chiefs have since confirmed a number of leaked UFO videos and photos which were submitted to the Task Force for investigation.

Why this sudden rush for transparency?

No outside the secretive wings of the US government currently knows for sure.

And as a tacked on addendum to a 5,500 page Covid relief bill passed in December, the the Director of National Intelligence’s office was ordered to compile a report on UFOs within 180 days.

Former intelligence director John Ratcliffe has hinted the report will be a big deal – and we now just over a month away from its release.

The five month deadline elapses on in June, with some UFO lobbyists claiming it could be the “most profound moment in human history".

US intelligence services officially closed the book on the UFO phenomena in 1969 at the conclusion Project Blue Book - which stated there was nothing to see.

However, in the last three years there has been an abrupt turnaround as the Pentagon took the unprecedented step of confirming three stunning leaked UFO videos filmed by the US Navy.

And the UFO report - which was commissioned by Congress - is being compiled by the UAP Task Force, who were given a 180 day deadline in December which is due to expire tomorrow.

Competing theories on the strange videos continue to rage – with some grounded on Earth claiming the videos capture never-before-seen military aircraft or drones, while others claim it shows otherworldly craft possibly piloted by aliens.

Others however are more sceptical and sometimes even dismissive, claiming the bizarre videos may just be camera tricks, natural phenomena or even outright hoaxes.

Leaked videos continue to emerge its been reported the UAP Task Force are investigating over 100 encounters between the military and the unidentified objects.

Emerging details on the report state that it does not confirm or rule out an alien origin for the phenomena - but US lawmakers have been talking up the issue following a classified briefing last week.

The Sun Online also spoke to Tobias Ellwood MP, who suggested UFOs could be advanced drones and called on the UK to stage a similar probe to the US.

{ https://www.the-sun.com/ }

26-08-2022 om 22:46 geschreven door peter  

What are Transmedium Objects? Avi Loeb, Ph.D. on the possibility of life beyond Earth

Are we alone in this universe? Congress seems to think not. One branch of the American government implying that UFOs have non-human origins is an explosive development. 

According to Vice, members of the Senate Intelligence Committee believe (on a unanimous, bipartisan basis) that some UFOs have non-human origins. After all, why would Congress establish and task a powerful new office with investigating non-'man-made' UFOs if such objects did not exist? 

Despite Congress now asking the Pentagon to focus only on those objects that haven’t been designed by human hands we must ask ourselves whether it could be another distraction in an attempt to hide the truth about the existence of extraterrestrial UFOs and intelligent life beyond Earth. 

Avi Loeb, Ph. D., an astrophysicist and professor of science at Harvard University, joined Morning in America to discuss the possibility of life beyond Earth.

  

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

26-08-2022 om 22:14 geschreven door peter  

The true story behind Carl Sagan’s cult classic, Contact

Jill Tarter is Director of the Center for SETI Research at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. She served as Project Scientist for NASA’s SETI program, the High Resolution Microwave Survey, and has conducted numerous observational programs at radio observatories worldwide. Since the termination of funding for NASA’s SETI program in 1993, she has served in a leadership role to secure private funding to continue the exploratory science. Her astronomical work was illustrated in Carl Sagan’s 1985 novel “Contact.” The character largely based on Tarter, “Ellie Arroway,” was portrayed by Jodie Foster in the 1997 film version of “Contact.”

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

26-08-2022 om 21:49 geschreven door peter  

Bettmann/Bettmann/Getty Images

Scientists at SLAC are applying powerful X-ray technology to Confucian texts and the Gutenburg Bible to reveal their chemical history.

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Travel back in time with us to Korea in 1442, during the Choson Dynasty. That’s when the Royal Government Publications Office used an early version of the printing press to mass-produce the writings of the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius for the first time. Their press featured moveable type — the letters could be shifted and reconfigured as individual stamps.

Then in Germany around 1448, goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg built his legendary printing press. Historians credit it as the trigger for all the innovations that propelled Europe out of the Medieval era and into the Renaissance and beyond.

Gutenberg’s invention, which also featured moveable type, allowed for the first mass production of the Bible. Suddenly, monks didn’t have to painstakingly copy scripture by hand. In its first decade of use, the Gutenberg press printer 180 Gutenberg Bibles — about 49 of these survive today.

PRESSED FOR ANSWERS

But there’s a twist: The Confucian texts and the Gutenberg Bibles may have been printed a mere decade apart, but the Korean government used methods that had existed for at least 70 years that had originated in modern-day China. So while Gutenberg is the name the West remembers, Asian peoples were likely the first to ever use a printing press with moveable type to produce books and texts.

It’s also unclear whether the two printing press technologies emerged independently — or if Gutenberg took inspiration from Asia. To find out if Gutenberg was a true pioneer, a team of scientists from the SLAC National Accelerator Lab in Menlo Park, California, trained powerful X-ray beams on the sacred texts to reveal the secrets within.

To solve the nearly 600-year-old mystery, researchers might compare the construction of Gutenberg’s press with the one used by the Korean government. Both used metal letters, and it’s possible that Gutenberg knew of the Korean machine and built one using similar metal alloys, like nickel and copper.

He also may have concocted ink using a similar technique to the ink used in Korea, which was typically composed of burnt vegetable oil and glue. But since none of these ancient presses remain, the researchers can’t perform that kind of in-depth examination.

“WE CAN’T REALLY SAY ONE AFFECTED THE OTHER.”

“All we have to go on are some paintings, but we don't know if those paintings were portraits of the printing press or interpretations,” Minhal Gardezi, a University of Wisconsin-Madison graduate student who works on the project at SLAC, tells Inverse.

To extract the crucial clues hidden in the ink and metal residues, a powerful X-ray at SLAC called the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source can carefully scan original copies of the Korean documents and a surviving copy of the Gutenberg Bible. They haven’t yet published results of their research, but have already encountered some clues.

“On comparing some of the Western versus some of the Korean documents,” Gardezi says, “we've seen different types of metal appear, like totally different types of metal, which is very interesting.”

The scientists have also noticed differences in the sorts of ink and stamps used. But at this point in the analysis, we can’t conclude whether the presses are a case of convergent technological evolution — two strikingly similar technologies with similar-ish materials sprouting up within a century of each other yet with no clear relationship. Yet.

Jiyoung Noh is a program specialist at the Research and Development Division of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and has collaborated with SLAC on the project since its inception.

“We can't really say one affected the other,” Noh notes. But the SLAC may soon change that.

The Gutenberg Press is considered a revolutionary technology because it enabled mass literacy, according to the Western-centric narrative that also claims the printing press first popped up in the 1450s in Germany.

But the oldest known moveable type printing press was developed by Chinese artisan Bi Sheng as early as 1040. This contraption used ceramic characters on an iron plate to press down ink on paper — printing the same document repeatedly. Bi Sheng’s documents and press were lost to time, so what we know of his accomplishments comes from secondhand sources.

By the 12th century, the first printing press with metal type had emerged in what’s now China. The early presses were used to produce currency and official documents, but later, they were also used to print other texts.

“THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, THAT IS WHAT WE KNOW IS THE EARLIEST HUMAN PRINTED DOCUMENT.”

By the 13th century, movable type presses had reached Korea, where they were employed by the Goryeo dynasty. While none of the early documents survived, we do have the Jikji text, a collection of Buddhist teachings printed on a bronze-based moveable type press in 1377. Unfortunately, the only remaining volume of Jikji is cached deep within the National Library of France, and is largely inaccessible.

So the SLAC decided to scan a contemporary copy of the 1442 Spring and Autumn Annals of Confucius, which were created using similar methods as the Jikji.

“This big overall project is called Jikji to Gutenberg, because the Jikji is the Buddhist book that was believed to be printed in Cheonju, Korea, 70-plus years before the Gutenberg Bible, so throughout the world, that is what we know is the earliest human printed document,” Gardezi says.

THE BEAMS HAVE IT

So, how does a linear accelerator enable researchers to decipher thousands-year-old documents? It turns out that the light generated at the SLAC can be harnessed to produce X-rays powerful enough to reveal ancient secrets.

IF THE METAL ALLOYS IN THE DOCUMENTS ARE STRIKINGLY SIMILAR, IT MAY MEAN THAT GUTENBERG ADAPTED THE EAST ASIAN CONCEPT.

The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source works a little something like this: It accelerates a stream of powerful electrons around a donut-like structure. When passing through the magnets surrounding the structure, the electrons generate synchrotron radiation, or fine beams of intense X-rays.

When one of these beams strikes the centuries-old paper, it creates an X-ray fluorescence spectrum of many frequencies. These frequencies correspond to the chemicals once punched onto the paper by a metal printing press.

The composition matters because the metal residues can offer clues as to whether Gutenberg was working with a blueprint or not. If the metal alloys in each set of documents are strikingly similar, it may mean that Gutenberg essentially re-envisioned the East Asian concept and adapted the technology to the West. But as mentioned by Gardezi, the evidence so far doesn’t seem to incriminate the German inventor.

ON THE HORIZON…

Firing intense X-ray beams at priceless and ancient documents may sound like an odd pursuit, but each page is exposed to the fine beam only for a few milliseconds and so the X-Ray doesn’t get a chance to damage the paper.

The scanning also takes place inside a radiation-proof room. Inside, a rig scans pages held upright, and a bright light travels across each page like a narrow-beam flashlight as a camera watches. Meanwhile, the SLAC scientists sit just outside the room, intently watching the scans arrive on a computer.

As the equipment processes the data, it color-codes certain chemicals on a screen. The text is indecipherable at this point. But the letters don’t matter so much as their chemical residue.

“I think some more chemical analysis is needed to understand if there really are any strong ties.”

“IT'LL BE MESMERIZING TO FIND SUCH A DISCOVERY. EVERYBODY'S GOING TO BE VERY SURPRISED.”

Concentrations of nickel show up as red splotches against the other chemical residue, which all appear blue — a generic assemblage of the other chemicals in the paper. It shows that nickel was part of the fabrication process of the individual letters in the moveable type developed by Gutenberg.

Finding different metal traces on the two historical texts could disprove a direct link between Eastern and Western moveable type innovations. But it could also result from differences in the machines’ fabrication or the availability of certain ingredients on the two continents.

“I think some more chemical analysis is needed to understand if there really are any strong ties,” Gardezi says.

Yet if they can prove a link, then the project could reveal a printing trade network using the Silk Road, in which artisans exchanged metal characters and inks in lieu of spices and fabric. That’s what UNESCO researcher Noh hopes for, although time will have to tell.

“It'll be mesmerizing to find such a discovery,” she says. “Everybody's going to be very surprised.”

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

26-08-2022 om 01:38 geschreven door peter  

A New Study Reveals How Stars Like The Sun Consumes Planets Around Their Orbits

The Universe is made up of billions of Galaxies including our Milky Way Galaxy. Scientists have discovered that the Milky Way Galaxies also house hundreds of billions of stars and planets. But out of these numerous stars, only about 4.1 billion of them are Stars like the Sun.

However, almost the stars like the Sun have something in common. They all have billions of billions of hydrogen atoms that fuse to produce Helium. This process is generally referred to as nuclear fusion. But as the Sun continues to undergo the nuclear fusion process, a time will reach when its brightness and size will expand.

As Stars like the Sun begin to run out of hydrogen atoms in their core, they slowly grow into red giants and take a shape that is ten times greater than their original size. A star undergoing such a process is generally referred to as a dying star.

Scientists clearly understand that the Stars like the Sun will surely turn into red dwarfs and even expand someday into the future to eat up planets around their orbit. However, scientists conducted a new study to improve their knowledge of how the Sun will expand and engulf neighboring planets. Scientists conducted this study deploying a method known as hydrodynamical simulations.

While conducting the research, the hydrodynamical simulations give an insight into the future scenarios of the Solar system. The scientists modeled the research to display scenarios where stars engulf planets to gain more knowledge on how the sun will expand in the future.

While making a statement about the discovery, Ricardo Yarza, the lead author of the study, stated, “Evolved stars can be hundreds or even thousands of times larger than their planets, and this disparity of scales makes it difficult to perform simulations that accurately model the physical processes occurring at each scale. Instead, we simulate a small section of the star centered on the planet to understand the flow around the planet and measure the drag forces acting on it.”

From these findings, scientists learned how the Sun will engulf its planets about 5 billion years from now and also gained more insightful knowledge about recently discovered planets orbiting white dwarfs. They also learned that some planets within the solar system may likely survive during the end stages of the Sun.

The study suggests that the closest planets to the sun which are Mercury and Jupiter will be eaten by the red giant. However, the Sun may survive the Massive sun. But even if Earth survives being consumed by the sun, it will become inhabitable for living species.

Planets with extremely cold temperatures like Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus with their moons will lose their ices and develop a more life-friendly environment. Scientists that conducted these studies later published them in the Astrophysical Journal. You can access it from HERE.

What do you think about this fascinating discovery about the future of Stars like the Sun?

{ https://www.futurespaceworld.com/ }

25-08-2022 om 23:26 geschreven door peter  

The Sombrero Galaxy by Hubble aka Messier 104 NGC4594

There are approx. 200 to 400 billion stars in the Milky Way. Now look at this galaxy. It has 200 to 300 billion stars. Now….there are billions of galaxies! With billions of stars and that is just what we can observe with the current technology.

A billion billion is a Quintillion and there is about 400 billion x a quintillion stars in the known universe. Something to the power of 10 to the 24th. It blows my mind .....What gets me isn't just the number of stars, and the enormous scale and size and distance. It's the amount of time. That each galaxy is 31 million light years away.

The amount of time it took for the light from that picture to reach us, entire species could evolve on planets and develop into a space faring galactic civilization; empires could rise and fall, then fade into dust, and be lost in the sands of time, without us ever knowing. And that's just the 31 million years it took for that light, which is a drop in the bucket of time that this galaxy has had to create life over many many billions of years.

{ https://www.facebook.com/groups/663488548027128/ }

25-08-2022 om 23:16 geschreven door peter  

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope makes first ever detection of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of a planet outside our solar system

• NASA's new telescope has detected carbon dioxide on an exoplanet for first time
• It bodes well for future James Webb studies of rocky exoplanets similar to Earth 
• WASP-39 b is a hot gas giant which has mass roughly one-quarter that of Jupiter
• Past studies by Hubble and Spitzer had detected water vapour on WASP-39 b

By SAM TONKIN FOR MAILONLINE

NASA's James Webb telescope has detected carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of a planet outside our solar system for the first time.

The discovery is important because it suggests the $10 billion (£7.4 billion) observatory may be able to detect and measure the gas in the thinner atmospheres of smaller, rocky planets that could host life.

WASP-39 b is a hot gas giant orbiting a sun-like star 700 light-years away from Earth.

It has a mass roughly one-quarter that of Jupiter – about the same as Saturn – and a diameter 1.3 times greater than Jupiter's.

The exoplanet's extreme puffiness is related in part to its high temperature, which is about 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, or 900 degrees Celsius.

Discovery: NASA's James Webb telescope has detected carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of a planet outside our solar system for the first time. This illustration shows what exoplanet WASP-39 b could look like

A transmission spectrum of the hot gas giant exoplanet WASP-39 b captured by Webb's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) revealed the first clear evidence for carbon dioxide in a planet outside the solar system

Unlike the cooler, more compact gas giants in our solar system, WASP-39 b orbits very close to its star – only about one-eighth the distance between the sun and Mercury – completing one circuit in just over four Earth days. 

The planet's discovery, reported in 2011, was made based on ground-based detections of the subtle, periodic dimming of light from its host star as the planet transits, or passes in front of the star. 

Previous observations from other telescopes, including NASA's Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes, revealed the presence of water vapour, sodium, and potassium in the planet's atmosphere. 

Webb's unmatched infrared sensitivity has now confirmed the presence of carbon dioxide on this planet as well.

Transiting planets like WASP-39 b, whose orbits we observe edge-on rather than from above, can provide researchers with ideal opportunities to probe planetary atmospheres.

During a transit, some of the starlight is eclipsed by the planet completely – causing the overall dimming – and some is transmitted through the planet's atmosphere. 

Because different gases absorb different combinations of colours, researchers can analyse small differences in brightness of the transmitted light across a spectrum of wavelengths to determine exactly what an atmosphere is made of. 

With its combination of inflated atmosphere and frequent transits, WASP-39 b is an ideal target for transmission spectroscopy. 

The research team used Webb's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) for its observations of WASP-39 b. 

In the resulting spectrum of the exoplanet's atmosphere, a small hill between 4.1 and 4.6 microns presents the first clear, detailed evidence for carbon dioxide ever detected in a planet outside the solar system.

'As soon as the data appeared on my screen, the whopping carbon dioxide feature grabbed me,' said Zafar Rustamkulov, a graduate student at Johns Hopkins University and member of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science team, which undertook this investigation. 

'It was a special moment, crossing an important threshold in exoplanet sciences.'

No observatory has ever measured such subtle differences in brightness of so many individual colours across the 3- to 5.5-micron range in an exoplanet transmission spectrum before. 

Access to this part of the spectrum is crucial for measuring abundances of gases like water and methane, as well as carbon dioxide, which are thought to exist in many different types of exoplanets.

The discovery is important because it suggests the $10 billion (£7.4 billion) observatory (pictured) may be able to detect and measure the gas in the thinner atmospheres of smaller, rocky planets that could host life

A series of light curves from Webb's NIRSpec shows the change in brightness of three different wavelengths, or colours of light from the WASP-39 star system over time as the planet transited the star in July

Webb's infrared capabilities allow it to 'see back in time' to the Big Bang, which happened 13.8 billion years ago. Light waves move extremely fast, about 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second, every second. The further away an object is, the further back in time we are looking. This is because of the time it takes light to travel from the object to us

'Detecting such a clear signal of carbon dioxide on WASP-39 b bodes well for the detection of atmospheres on smaller, terrestrial-sized planets,' said Natalie Batalha of the University of California at Santa Cruz, who leads the team. 

Understanding the composition of a planet's atmosphere is important because it tells us something about the origin of the planet and how it evolved. 

'Carbon dioxide molecules are sensitive tracers of the story of planet formation,' said Mike Line of Arizona State University, another member of this research team. 

'By measuring this carbon dioxide feature, we can determine how much solid versus how much gaseous material was used to form this gas giant planet.

'In the coming decade, JWST will make this measurement for a variety of planets, providing insight into the details of how planets form and the uniqueness of our own solar system.'

The discovery has been accepted for publication in the journal Nature.

The James Webb Telescope: NASA's $10 billion telescope is designed to detect light from the earliest stars and galaxies

The James Webb telescope has been described as a 'time machine' that could help unravel the secrets of our universe.

The telescope will be used to look back to the first galaxies born in the early universe more than 13.5 billion years ago, and observe the sources of stars, exoplanets, and even the moons and planets of our solar system.

The vast telescope, which has already cost more than $7 billion (£5 billion), is considered a successor to the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope

The James Webb Telescope and most of its instruments have an operating temperature of roughly 40 Kelvin – about minus 387 Fahrenheit (minus 233 Celsius).

It is the world's biggest and most powerful orbital space telescope, capable of peering back 100-200 million years after the Big Bang.

The orbiting infrared observatory is designed to be about 100 times more powerful than its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope.

NASA likes to think of James Webb as a successor to Hubble rather than a replacement, as the two will work in tandem for a while. 

The Hubble telescope was launched on April 24, 1990, via the space shuttle Discovery from Kennedy Space Centre in Florida.

It circles the Earth at a speed of about 17,000mph (27,300kph) in low Earth orbit at about 340 miles in altitude. 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

25-08-2022 om 22:42 geschreven door peter  

Deze illustratie laat zien hoe exoplaneet WASP-39 b eruit zou kunnen zien, gebaseerd op de huidige kennis van de planeet. Deze illustratie is gebaseerd op indirecte doorvoerwaarnemingen van Webb en andere telescopen in de ruimte en op de grond. Webb heeft geen direct beeld van deze planeet gemaakt.

NASA, ESA, CSA, JOSEPH OLMSTED

Een reeks lichtkrommen van Webb's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) toont de verandering in helderheid van drie verschillende golflengten (kleuren) van het licht van het WASP-39-sterrenstelsel in de loop van de tijd toen de planeet op 10 juli 2022 door de ster ging. transit vindt plaats wanneer een in een baan om de aarde draaiende planeet tussen de ster en de telescoop beweegt en een deel van het licht van de ster blokkeert.

ILLUSTRATIE: NASA, ESA, CSA, LEAH HUSTAK (STSCI), JOSEPH OLMSTED (STSCI)

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

25-08-2022 om 22:22 geschreven door peter  

Since 2003, the black hole at the center of the Perseus galaxy cluster has been associated with sound. This is because astronomers discovered that pressure waves sent out by the black hole caused ripples in the cluster's hot gas that could be translated into a note — one that humans cannot hear some 57 octaves below middle C. Now a new sonification brings more notes to this black hole sound machine. This new sonification — that is, the translation of astronomical data into sound — is being released for NASA's Black Hole Week this year. 

In some ways, this sonification is unlike any other done before because it revisits the actual sound waves discovered in data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. 

The popular misconception that there is no sound in space originates with the fact that most of space is essentially a vacuum, providing no medium for sound waves to propagate through. 

A galaxy cluster, on the other hand, has copious amounts of gas that envelop the hundreds or even thousands of galaxies within it, providing a medium for the sound waves to travel. 

In this new sonification of Perseus, the sound waves astronomers previously identified were extracted and made audible for the first time. The sound waves were extracted in radial directions, that is, outwards from the center. The signals were then resynthesized into the range of human hearing by scaling them upward by 57 and 58 octaves above their true pitch. 

Another way to put this is that they are being heard 144 quadrillion and 288 quadrillion times higher than their original frequency. (A quadrillion is 1,000,000,000,000,000.) The radar-like scan around the image allows you to hear waves emitted in different directions. 

In the visual image of these data, blue and purple both show X-ray data captured by Chandra. Credit: NASA/CXC/SAO/K.Arcand, SYSTEM Sounds (M. Russo, A. Santaguida)

   

NASA shared the sound of a black hole on social media and it went super viral

“The popular misconception that there is no sound in space originates with the fact that most of space is essentially a vacuum, providing no medium for sound waves to propagate through,” NASA continued. “A galaxy cluster, on the other hand, has copious amounts of gas that envelop the hundreds or even thousands of galaxies within it, providing a medium for the sound waves to travel.”

NASA also explained, “The sound waves astronomers previously identified were extracted and made audible for the first time. The sound waves were extracted in radial directions, that is, outwards from the center. The signals were then resynthesized into the range of human hearing by scaling them upward by 57 and 58 octaves above their true pitch. Another way to put this is that they are being heard 144 quadrillion and 288 quadrillion times higher than their original frequency. (A quadrillion is 1,000,000,000,000,000.)”

The black hole sound clip shared by NASA on Sunday has now been listened to almost 14 million times with numerous people being completely creeped out by the horror movie vibe the sound gives off.

“Good news. Black holes sound exactly as terrifying as you might have guessed,” one person replied to NASA.

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

25-08-2022 om 21:17 geschreven door peter  

DISAPPEARING ALIEN PORTALS Found In Night Vision Images? | The Mystery at Magic Mesa

The Mystery at Magic Mesa research continues. Now utilizing military grade night vision optics to debunk the disappearing lights phenomenon in the valley. Is it headlights or something natural, or portals into another dimension?

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

25-08-2022 om 20:22 geschreven door peter