This image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope highlights the region of study by the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). This area is in and around the Hubble Space Telescope’s Ultra Deep Field.

Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and M. Zamani (ESA/Webb).

BY EVAN GOUGH

Younger galaxies can masquerade as ancient galaxies, a problem that has plagued our attempts to understand the evolution of galaxies. The early Universe was almost entirely made of two lightest, simplest elements, hydrogen and helium. As a result, the stars that comprise the earliest galaxies are made almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. They have “low metallicity” in astronomical jargon.

Confusingly, some younger galaxies also have low metallicity. They should have much more than just hydrogen and helium in them because so many stars lived and died before these galaxies formed. And stars are what forge heavier elements, sending them out into space when they die to be taken up by the next generation of stars.

But the JWST isn’t easily fooled.

The JWST can more precisely dissect the light from these galaxies than any of its predecessors. It needs to be kept ultra-cold to observe infrared light in such detail, which is why it sits way out in space, sheltered by a massive sun shield. The JWST’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) were both brought to bear on this latest observing effort, and the teams operating each instrument collaborated closely to achieve these results.

“It was crucial to prove that these galaxies do, indeed, inhabit the early universe. It’s very possible for closer galaxies to masquerade as very distant galaxies,” said astronomer Emma Curtis-Lake from the University of Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom. “Seeing the spectrum revealed as we hoped, confirming these galaxies as being at the true edge of our view, some further away than Hubble could see! It is a tremendously exciting achievement for the mission.”

Two upcoming papers will present the new results from the JWST’s Deep Field observations. One is “Spectroscopy of four metal-poor galaxies beyond redshift ten,” by Curtis-Lake et al. 2022. The other is “Discovery and properties of the earliest galaxies with confirmed distances,” by Robertson et al. 2022. Neither one has been peer-reviewed yet.

The Hubble Space Telescope introduced us to Deep Field observations. When astronomers pointed the Hubble at a patch of sky that appeared empty and let it gather photons for more than 11 days in 2003 and 2004, it revealed something extraordinary. What was masquerading as empty space was full of galaxies. Its Ultra-Deep Field image found almost 10,000 galaxies in a tiny patch of dark sky, and astronomers think that about 800 of the faintest, reddest ones are some of the Universe’s primordial galaxies.

But we needed a more powerful telescope with better instruments to study them.

NIRCam and NIRSpec were built to find these early galaxies, and they’re succeeding. The team behind both instruments got together before the telescope was completed and launched to develop JADES, the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey. JADES will give astronomers an unprecedented, deep and detailed look at the Universe’s earliest galaxies. “These results are the culmination of why the NIRCam and NIRSpec teams joined together to execute this observing program,” shared co-author Marcia Rieke, NIRCam principal investigator from the University of Arizona in Tucson.

The JWST’s ability to distinguish ancient galaxies is based on the Lyman break. The Lyman break is related to how neutral gas absorbs light in the star-forming regions of distant galaxies. The more distant a galaxy is, the more red-shifted its light is. This light stretching puts the Lyman break at a different position in spectrometric observations. The JWST can spot the Lyman break with its keen infrared capabilities.

The JWST captured its Deep Field in the same region of the sky the Hubble captured its Ultra-Deep Field. Telescopes have been studying this region for about 20 years, creating a complete data set across the electromagnetic spectrum. The Webb’s observations build on this archive, adding the deepest, most light-sensitive observations yet.

The JWST’s field is 15 times larger than the Hubble’s and is deeper and sharper. The NIRCam image is only the size a human appears when viewed from a mile away, but it contains over 100,000 galaxies. Because of the JWST’s power, astronomers can be certain that some of them are the earliest galaxies to form in the Universe.

“For the first time, we have discovered galaxies only 350 million years after the big bang, and we can be absolutely confident of their fantastic distances,” shared co-author Brant Robertson from the University of California Santa Cruz, a member of the NIRCam science team. “To find these early galaxies in such stunningly beautiful images is a special experience.”

The team used the telescope’s NIRSpec instrument to examine the light from 250 of the faintest galaxies in the image over the course of 28 hours. The spectra presented precise measurements of each of the galaxies’ redshifts, revealing the properties of the stars and gas in each one.

“These are by far the faintest infrared spectra ever taken,” said astronomer and co-author Stefano Carniani from Scuola Normale Superiore in Italy. “They reveal what we hoped to see: a precise measurement of the cutoff wavelength of light due to the scattering of intergalactic hydrogen.”

Out of over 100,000 galaxies in the JWST Deep Field, researchers zeroed in on four of them. All four have redshifts greater than 10, with two having redshifts of 13. Redshift tells astronomers how long light has taken to reach us (but not how far away something is because the Universe is expanding.) A redshift value of 10 means the light has been travelling for 13.184 billion years. The light from redshift 13 galaxies was among the first light to be sent out into the Universe after the Big Bang.

Those are the galaxies astronomers were hoping to spot with the JWST, and that’s what the telescope is doing. These galaxies illuminated the Cosmic Dawn and are critical to understanding how galaxies form and evolve. “Galaxies forming at these times may be the seeds of the much more massive and mature galaxies in the local Universe,” Curtis-Lake and co-authors explain in their paper.

The Cosmic Dawn represents a gap in our understanding of the Universe, and attempts to fill in that gap rely on a number of assumptions about gas temperature and other factors. But with its precise instruments, astronomers hope the JWST can fill the gap with data.

“It is hard to understand galaxies without understanding the initial periods of their development. Much as with humans, so much of what happens later depends on the impact of these early generations of stars,” said astronomer and co-author Sandro Tacchella from the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. “So many questions about galaxies have been waiting for the transformative opportunity of Webb, and we’re thrilled to be able to play a part in revealing this story.“

In their paper, Curtis-Lake and her co-authors acknowledge this milestone in cosmology. “We conclude by emphasizing that this is clearly a milestone result for the JWST mission, pushing the spectroscopic frontier to a markedly earlier epoch of galaxy formation,” they write.

The JWST is only at the beginning of its mission, and finding these Lyman dropouts in ancient galaxies is a critical step. “In addition to providing clear detections of the Lyman dropouts as high as z = 13.2, these JADES observations also show the power of spectroscopy to probe the physics of these galaxies and the IGM,” write Curtis-Lake and her co-authors.

“Truly, this is just a starting point for the mission.”

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

12-12-2022 om 23:42 geschreven door peter  

Scientists unlock secrets of 'burping’ supermassive black holes that are surrounded by mysterious radio bubbles by using West Virginia’s Green Bank Telescope

• Scientists have a new understanding about supermassive black holes thanks to data gathered by West Virginia's Green Bank Telescope 
• A team of astronomers used a telescope to image galaxy cluster MS0735 in a way that distorts the cosmic microwave background
• Supermassive black holes are located deep within the center of galaxies in areas where temperatures run up to 50 million degrees Celsius 
• 'We’re looking at one of the most energetic outbursts ever seen from a supermassive black hole,' Jack Orlowski-Scherer, the study's lead author, said 

By CHRISTOPHER CARBONE U.S. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDITOR FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

Scientists have a new understanding about supermassive black holes thanks to data gathered by the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia.

Supermassive black holes are located deep within the center of galaxies in areas where temperatures run up to 50 million degrees Celsius. The black hole will sometimes reheat the gas surrounding it in violent bursts - 'burps' - from its center.  

These gas jets carve out immense cavities within the hot cluster, which then pushes hot gas farther from the center and replaces it with radio-emitting bubbles. If they can learn more about what’s left behind filling in these cavities, scientists can begin to understand what made them in the first place.

'We’re looking at one of the most energetic outbursts ever seen from a supermassive black hole,' Jack Orlowski-Scherer, lead author on this publication and a research fellow at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, said in a statement. 'This is what happens when you feed a black hole and it violently burps out a giant amount of energy.'   

Observations by NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory show the enormous cavities (circled in grey) excavated by the powerful radio jets (green contours) expelled from the black hole at the center of galaxy cluster MS0735

In a new paper published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics that analyzes the galaxy cluster MS0735, a team of astronomers used an instrument known as MUSTANG-2 on the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) in West Virginia to image the cluster in a unique way that distorts the cosmic microwave background. 

The cosmic microwave background was emitted 380,000 years after the Big Bang and is considered to be the afterglow of our universe's birth 13.8 billion years ago. 

These new findings reinforce previous discoveries that at least a portion of the pressure support in the cavities is due to non-thermal sources, such as other types of particles, cosmic rays and turbulence, and potentially a small contribution from magnetic fields. 

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Unlike previous research, new imaging produced by the GBT considers the possibility that the pressure support within the bubbles could be more nuanced than previously thought, mixing both thermal and non-thermal components. 

'With the power of MUSTANG-2, we are able to see into these cavities and start to determine precisely what they are filled with, and why they don’t collapse under pressure,' explains Tony Mroczkowski, an astronomer with the European Southern Observatory who was part of this new research.

The researchers also used existing X-ray observations from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, in addition to the radio observations. 

'We knew this was an exciting system when we studied the radio core and lobes at low frequencies, but we are only now beginning to see the full picture,' says co-author Tracy Clarke, an astronomer at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and VLITE Project Scientist who co-authored a previous radio study of this system.

Future observations across multiple frequencies can establish more precisely the nature of how exotic the black hole eruption is.

'We knew this was an exciting system when we studied the radio core and lobes at low frequencies, but we are only now beginning to see the full picture,' says co-author Tracy Clarke, an astronomer at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and VLITE Project Scientist who co-authored a previous radio study of this system 

WHAT'S INSIDE A BLACK HOLE?

Black holes are strange objects in the universe that get their name from the fact that nothing can escape their gravity, not even light.

If you venture too close and cross the so-called event horizon, the point from which no light can escape, you will also be trapped or destroyed.

For small black holes, you would never survive such a close approach anyway. 

The tidal forces close to the event horizon are enough to stretch any matter until it's just a string of atoms, in a process physicists call 'spaghettification'.

But for large black holes, like the supermassive objects at the cores of galaxies like the Milky Way, which weigh tens of millions if not billions of times the mass of a star, crossing the event horizon would be uneventful.

Because it should be possible to survive the transition from our world to the black hole world, physicists and mathematicians have long wondered what that world would look like.

They have turned to Einstein's equations of general relativity to predict the world inside a black hole.

These equations work well until an observer reaches the centre or singularity, where, in theoretical calculations, the curvature of space-time becomes infinite.

Read more:

• GBT/MUSTANG-2 9″ resolution imaging of the SZ effect in MS0735.6+7421 - Confirmation of the SZ cavities through direct imaging | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

12-12-2022 om 23:16 geschreven door peter  

A Black Hole has been Burping for 100 Million Years

Black holes are gluttonous behemoths that lurk in the center of galaxies. Almost everybody knows that nothing can escape them, not even light. So when anything made of simple matter gets too close, whether a planet, a star or a gas cloud, it’s doomed.

But the black hole doesn’t eat it at once. It plays with its food like a fussy kid. Sometimes, it spews out light.

When the black hole is not only at the center of a galaxy but the center of a cluster of galaxies, these burps and jets carve massive cavities out of the hot gas at the center of the cluster called radio bubbles.

Astronomy and astrophysics are all about light. Almost everything we know about distant objects in space, including black holes, comes from observing light. (Gravitational waves are the exception.)

The light astronomers see when they observe a black hole is coming from the environment in the vicinity of the black hole, not from the black hole itself. The behemoth’s strong gravity means that anything that gets too close is like a puppet on a string, and the black hole is the puppet master.

In a new study, a team of researchers using the National Science Foundation’s Green Bank Telescope (GBT) examined a supermassive black hole (SMBH) burping out mysterious radio bubbles.

The study is “GBT/MUSTANG-2 9“ resolution imaging of the SZ effect in MS0735.6+7421,” and it was published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. The lead author is Jack Orlowski-Scherer, a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania at the time the study was done. “This is what happens when you feed a black hole, and it violently burps out a giant amount of energy,” he said in a press release.

Supermassive black holes reside in the center of large galaxies like the Milky Way. They’re found in every large galaxy, including the galaxies at the heart of galaxy clusters. The heart of a galaxy cluster is an extreme environment. The plasma there is scorching, up to 50 million degrees Celsius (90 million F.)

That plasma radiates x-rays, and over time that dissipates the heat. The plasma cools down, allowing stars to form. It’s sort of like the Universe’s situation after the Big Bang. Only after things cooled down could stars form.

Sometimes a black hole will reheat the surrounding gas preventing stars from forming. That’s called black hole feedback, and it happens when black holes emit jets of heated material from their centers. The jets are enormously powerful, pushing away the hot x-ray-emitting gas in the galaxy cluster’s center, creating vast radio bubbles.

While that description makes the process sound straightforward, it’s not. It takes enormous energy to move that much gas, and astrophysicists want to know where all of that energy comes from. In this study, the researchers probed the radio bubbles for clues to the energy source.

The Green Bank Telescope is a fully steerable radio telescope—the world’s largest—located in West Virginia. Its collecting area is 100 meters in diameter. The MUSTANG-2 receiver is a type of camera called a continuum receiver that operates across multiple channels.

The team aimed the instrument at the galaxy cluster MS0735. It’s about 2.6 billion light years away and is known for having an enormously massive black hole in its center. The jets coming from the black hole in the center are one of the most powerful active galactic nucleus eruptions ever recorded. The eruption has been going on for over 100 million years and has released as much energy as hundreds of millions of gamma-ray bursts.

“We’re looking at one of the most energetic outbursts ever seen from a supermassive black hole,” said lead author Orlowski-Scherer.

The jets are the likely culprits behind the radio bubbles, but exactly how they work is unknown. Somehow, they provide the heat that prevents star formation. “Jets are the main drivers of ICM (Intra-Cluster Medium) reheating, although the exact mechanism is not clear yet,” the authors explain in their paper. “It is known that the jets, as traced by their synchrotron emission, often terminate in radio lobes that are coincident with depressions (cavities) in the X-ray emission.”

These jets are what carved out the radio bubbles, and the team studied them for clues to how it all plays out.

The region is difficult to observe, but the team used MUSTANG-2’s power to peer into the bubbles. They took advantage of a phenomenon called the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect. The SZ effect is a subtle distortion of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB,) sometimes called the echo from the Big Bang. It’s relic radiation from the moment the Universe began over 13 billion years ago. The SZ effect registers as a slight thermal pressure at 90 GigaHertz, where MUSTANG-2 can sense it. 90 GHz is in the millimetre band because radio waves in this band have wavelengths from one to ten millimetres.

“With the power of MUSTANG-2, we are able to see into these cavities and start to determine precisely what they are filled with and why they don’t collapse under pressure,” said Tony Mroczkowski. Mroczkowski is an astronomer with the European Southern Observatory who was part of this new research.

This study isn’t the first time astrophysicists have studied these radio bubbles. Those efforts showed that the pressure inside these bubbles wasn’t entirely thermal. They pointed to relativistic particles, cosmic rays, and turbulence as causes, as well as a small contribution from magnetic fields. “Broadly, the support mechanisms can be broken down into two categories: thermal and non-thermal,” the team explains in their paper.

But the observations in this new study are the deepest high-fidelity SZ observations yet of the inside of the bubbles. That’s important because the SZ effect can distinguish thermal pressure causes from non-thermal pressure and relativistic electron causes. This study’s results show more nuance in the cause of the cavities, including thermal and non-thermal sources.

“We knew this was an exciting system when we studied the radio core and lobes at low frequencies, but we are only now beginning to see the full picture,” explains co-author Tracy Clarke. Clarke’s an astronomer at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and VLITE Project Scientist who co-authored a previous radio study of this system.

Galaxy clusters are important because they’re the endpoints of structure formation in the Universe. They grow continuously through mergers and accretion. Theory and calculations show that some of their energy is not yet thermalized, meaning it comes from turbulence and bulk motion. Researchers want to know how much of a cluster’s pressure support is not thermal because that helps them understand how the gas in the intra-cluster medium reaches equilibrium. That’s called virialization, and it leads to star formation.

It all relates to the problem of black hole feedback, which prevents stars from forming. Studies like this one that uses the GBT/MUSTANG-2 receiver across multiple frequencies can start to untangle this complex environment by determining how thermal and non-thermal pressures support the radio bubbles. Scientists would like a clearer understanding of how turbulence, magnetic fields, and even cosmic rays support these bubbles.

“This work will help us better understand the physics of galaxy clusters and the cooling flow feedback problem that has vexed many of us for some time,” added Orlowski-Scherer.

More:

• Press Release: Scientists Reveal Secrets to Burping Black Hole with the Green Bank Telescope
• Published Research: GBT/MUSTANG-2 9 resolution imaging of the SZ effect in MS0735.6+7421
• Universe Today: Supermassive Black Holes can Turn Star Formation On and Off in a Large Galaxy

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

12-12-2022 om 22:59 geschreven door peter  

In 86 More Days, Skynet Could Become A Reality, Pentagon Video, UFO Sighting News.

Now this is fun, or not. A 90 days from now (actually 86 now) AI will gain control of UAS or Unmanned Aerial Systems. This sounds like no big deal, but is clear that if a UAS has AI this AI is very advanced and might even escape its confines, expanding to do more, achieve more than it was suppose to do. Remember the movie Terminator where Skynet AI takes over? In the movie a gov AI algorithm takes over all military remote controlled and AI controlled devices, missiles, tanks, ect. To wipe out its biggest threat, human kind. Its not something I ever thought I would live to see, and yet, here it is, about to begin or at least, activated in 89 more days. If it grows, if its intelligence grows, it may not see us as the good guys any longer. Listen to CETCOm talk about it and decide for yourself. Has it begun? Clearly the US military has experimented a lot with this AI to give it such power.  But was it enough to know...can it be controlled? Every get a computer glitch, software glitch, a virus? Then you can see what can happen. Now understand this AI could soon gain control of US nuclear arsenal. How you feeling about it now? 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

12-12-2022 om 21:49 geschreven door peter  

Door Found On Mars Near Pyramid, Entrance To Tomb, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Source photo: 

• http://gigapan.com/gigapans/213186/snapshots/611281 

Guys just made this today, please hit like and subscribe, helps me so much. I found this entrance to a tomb on Mars in a Gigipan photo. Not far away is also a pyramid, blue polished, sunken into the sand on one side. When I took screenshot and added light, I can see the dirt from outside continues inside on the floor within, There is no blue rock walls which is proof its not a crack in stone, but a sculpted entrance to a home or tomb. 

 

Please have a look at the video, I answer a lot of questions including, showing you inside the doorway. 

 

 Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

12-12-2022 om 21:45 geschreven door peter  

In 1997, Art Bell, anchor of "Coast to Coast AM," a popular radio talk show that discussed strange occurrences and unexplainable phenomena, received a fax from a man named Mel Waters. 

In the fax, Mel mentioned an unusual pit with unknown origins on his property in Manastash, Washington. The pit was "bottomless" and spooked wildlife in the area so badly that birds never flew over it. 

Soon after, Art Bell invited Mel to appear on his radio show, where Mel introduced the world to what would become one of the most famous mysteries of the 21st century - Mel's Hole. 

A similar bottomless hole can be found at Houska Castle in the Czech republic near Prague. 

According to the legend, a chapel was constructed over the hole but after animal-human hybrids were reported to have crawled out of it, and dark-winged, otherworldly creatures flew in its vicinity, they covered the hole with a huge stone to keep the beings and demonic beasts inside the bottomless hole, which they call the "gateway to Hell" or like Mel's hole, "the gateway to another dimension".

RELATED VIDEOS ( peter2011 )

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

12-12-2022 om 17:42 geschreven door peter  

Dark Journalist Daniel Liszt and Dr. Joseph Farrell go deep on the covert machinery that allows a whole category of Advanced, Exotic UFO technology to remain behind a Wall of Secrecy. 

They also look at 75 years of CIA obfuscation and political lies that have kept the 'Hide The UFO File' game going behind the scenes right up until today. 

From the development of the Nazi Bell which disappeared to Argentina, to President Kennedy being assassinated over UFO Disclosure and also the rise of X-Protect Aerospace Assassins and Paperclip Scientists, have we reached a breaking point heading into 2023? 

Includes X Topics: 

Apollo Moon Mission - Nazi Bell 

NASA Censorship of Artifacts 

UFO File Black Budget 

JFK UFO Disclosure Attempt 

Werner von Braun - Hans Kammler - Walter Dornberger

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

12-12-2022 om 17:33 geschreven door peter  

TOP 3 TERRIFYING ALIEN ENCOUNTERS Caught On Camera

The Ancient Aliens series explores the idea that alien life has been visiting Earth for millions of years. In this compilation, we’ll take a look at some of the scariest encounters with these mysterious objects.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

12-12-2022 om 17:28 geschreven door peter  

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

NASA highlights Artemis 1 from launch to splashdown

Relive the Artemis 1 mission with highlights from launch on Nov. 16 to splashdown on Dec. 11.

Full Story: https://www.space.com/artemis-1-orion...

Credit: NASA Johnson Space Center

Space historian examines parallels of NASA's last moon landing and the Artemis mission

The nearly month-long Artemis 1 mission to the Moon is slated to end on Sunday with a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean. On that very day 50 years ago, Dec. 11, 1972, the last Apollo astronauts set foot on the moon. Space historian Andy Chaikin, author of the definitive account of the Apollo missions “A Man on the Moon,” joins Miles O'Brien to discuss the parallels.

Top 10 Biggest Scientific Discoveries of 2022

These scientific discoveries will blow your mind! For this list, we’ll be looking at the most amazing things we learned through scientific research this year. Our countdown includes Brain Cells Playing Video Games, Footprints from the Ice Age, A Detailed View of the Distant Universe, and more! What do you think is the most significant discovery here? Are there any we missed? Tell us in the comments.

Watch more great science videos here:

• Top 10 Things We Wish Science Would Figure Out: https://youtu.be/t4Rw0xLNz-Y 
• Top 10 Biggest Scientific Discoveries of 2020: https://youtu.be/2WxR_2-faYY
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TOP 5 UNSOLVED MYSTERIES OF 2022 | The UnXplained

Nazi Secrets (Full Episode) | Drain the Oceans

Hidden deep underwater is the untold story of how the Nazis waged a secret war across the world’s oceans.

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Alien DNA Found in Octopus Genetics | Ancient Aliens

A study done in March 2018 reveals that octopuses possess extraterrestrial DNA. See more in this clip from "Aliens and Strange Creatures."

• #AncientAliens

ALIEN CYCLOPS : THE SAGRADA FAMILIA CASE - FULL HD SCIFI MOVIE IN ENGLISH - EXCLUSIVE V MOVIES

ALIEN CYCLOPS : THE SAGRADA FAMILIA CASE - FULL HD SCIFI MOVIE IN ENGLISH - EXCLUSIVE V MOVIES Brazil, 1963.

Three children observe a strange flying object in their backyard. A transparent sphere floats above their heads. A member of the crew, an alien cyclops descends among them. The documentary narrates the discoveries made by Mr. Alberto Francisco do Carmo, sent to investigate the fact.

What Lies Beyond the Solar System? Long Episode

Compared to gigantic galaxies and star clusters, the Solar System is no more than just a speck of dust. There are thousands of stars within the radius of 100 light years from it. With some of them barely distinguishable against the dark abyss of space, others are so bright that they can be seen even if they are in other galaxies. Besides, there are a lot of invisible objects lurking in the depths of space, too – from massive brown dwarves to rocky exoplanets comparable to our Earth in size. Some of them may harbour life while others may pose a threat.

However, all this diversity is eclipsed by the scale of our galaxy. There are 200 billion stars and over a trillion planets at the very least to be found across its expanses. It is quite impossible to completely explore this great abundance of unique space objects. Today we will talk about some of the closest ones.

00:00 Intro

01:18 Closest stars

02:18 Barnard's star

05:39 Sirius

09:03 Wolf 1061

14:03 Local Interstellar Cloud

15:57 AP Columbae

18:53 Gliese 370

21:44 Castor

24:47 Local Bubble

27:04 Ending

• #Closest #Stars #Space #Planets #Kosmo

NASA Just Announced That They Are Monitoring a Huge Escalating Anomaly In Earth's Magnetic Field

Many people have come to depend on the Earth's magnetic field even without realizing it! Your phone is able to perform some basic functions, like directing you while driving to your destination. However, a catastrophic event is threatening to render life-saving tasks like this impossible: the flipping of the Earth's poles! Why are the Earth's poles flipping? What are the consequences, and how can you cope with it? In this video, we dive into the Earth's poles flipping, which has many people worried as it is happening!

There are many things that shape your daily life, even without you realizing it. Thanks to science and technology, we have come to rely on many natural phenomena that are not apparent to the naked eye! The Earth's magnetic poles are an example, and this has a lot to do with the Earth's magnetic field!

But what is the Earth's magnetic field, and where did it come from?

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

12-12-2022 om 16:54 geschreven door peter  

Australian UFO Mysteries: The Disappearance of Frederick Valentich

Victorian pilot Frederick Valentich.

Over 40 years ago, during the early evening of 21 October 1978, pilot Frederick Valentich reported in a radio communication with Steve Robey of Melbourne Flight Service that “a large aircraft” which had “a long shape” and “a green light,” appearing to have a bright metallic lustre and four bright lights, travelling variously at high speed, approached his Cessna 182L aircraft (registration VH-DSJ) and apparently hovered in a stationary manner and also orbited above him. 

After six minutes Valentich reported his aircraft’s engine was rough idling, and the strange object was “hovering, and it’s not an aircraft.” Having indicated he intended to fly on to King Island, Valentich’s communication terminated after 17-seconds of “metallic” noises. 

Neither Valentich or the Cessna were ever found. The event became one of Australia’s greatest aviation mysteries, and the apparent UFO connection remains unresolved. 

The areas that feature prominently in the Valentich incident – Cape Otway (his last land call), Bass Strait (the apparent location of his disappearance) and King Island (his apparent destination) – all have extensive precedents for UFO activity. 

During a two-month period centred around January 1978, holidaymakers, fishermen, school teachers, local police and lighthouse keepers in the Cape Otway area reported seeing UFOs. During July 1977, local residents and the lighthouse keeper at Cape Otway saw an inexplicable brilliant light source that hovered out to sea for half an hour. 

Bass Strait figures in UFO mysteries particularly in 1920 and 1944. The Melbourne Argus newspaper even described many people seeing “cigar-shaped” objects flying over Bass Strait as far back as 1896. 

King Island’s 425 square miles played host to a wave of unidentified nocturnal aerial lights for at least three months prior to Frederick Valentich’s disappearance. Oval shaped lights followed cars and mystified local residents. Strange lights or flares appeared off the north of the island. 

One of the most spectacular close encounters with a UFO in the area occurred at a wild and uninhabited part of the King Island coast, near Whistler Point, just before dawn, on 10 April 1976. “A beam of light” emanating from “a cross-shaped object” approached a duck-shooter’s car, in a direct line. The light display eventually receded directly along its line of approach, ending a silent inspection when it disappeared over the distant skyline.

Much suggests a UFO connection in the Valentich case, but unfortunately a final answer alludes us. Despite the provocative nature of the taped conversation between Valentich and Melbourne Flight Control before his disappearance, which refers to a possible UFO presence, the affair remains a mystery.

The Valentich incident is punctuated with haunting, or rather more appropriately, taunting clues that set one off in all sorts of conflicting directions. Many have come up with solutions varying from the bizarre to the sublime. Did a UFO abduct Valentich? Did Valentich contrive the whole affair? Did he, as many think, crash into Bass Strait, leaving no trace? Or are other prosaic explanations involved? A multitude of various lines of enquiry radiate out in all sorts of directions. Most take us away from the facts of the matter, namely that no trace of pilot or plane have yet been found. 

The mystery resonates in the Australian consciousness in a place reserved for more mythic episodes like the haunting fiction of ‘Picnic at Hanging Rock’. It has inspired dramatic works like the profound and confronting play ‘Sky’ and the bizarre and striking TV mini-series, ‘Locusts and Wild Honey’. We must remind ourselves that a family waits for an answer that so far has never come. I hope that someday they will find that answer.

Due to the tenacious efforts of Adelaide-based researcher Keith Basterfield in 2012, we can now study the previously restricted Department of Transport file V116/783/1047, available in digital format at the National Archives of Australia website. I last saw this file back in late 1982 while sitting in front of Mr A. Woodward at the Melbourne office of the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation. He had the file open in front of him while answering my questions. I tried not to be too obvious in reading the file in its upside-down perspective. 

The released Valentich files provide hints at some possible answers, and it may be that ultimately the answer does not involve UFOs. Reconciling a detailed analysis of the released data with the extensive research done on the case by researchers over the years might help us come up with a final answer. But for now Frederick Valentich and his Cessna plane are still missing, so final closure eludes those who want to know. 

‘The Unexplained Files’ series on the Discovery Science Channel in September 2013 featured an excellent recreation of the extraordinary 1978 Valentich mystery. My friend George Simpson (based in Melbourne, Victoria) was instrumental in the accounting of this story on the programme.

On the programme, Steve Robey of Melbourne Flight Service was clearly still distressed about the disappearance of Valentich. Frederick’s younger brother Richard gave the family’s dimension to the story. Both these elements remind us that a disturbing and tragic element still haunts this mystery. George Simpson interviewed Roy Manifold who took some intriguing photos at the time and locality of Valentich’s disappearance. 

Dr Richard Haines investigated the case and authored a book on it, Melbourne Episode: Case Study of a Missing Pilot (1987). He facilitated the airing of the strange sound heard at the end of Valentich’s last radio conversation with Steve Robey. I listened to the tape back in 1984 when I stayed with Dr Haines in California. Haines’ comment in ‘The Unexplained Files’ programme that the sound might be from contact between the Cessna and the UFO Valentich had been describing in the six-minute conversation, caused me to suddenly reconsider a very strange story I came across back in early 1995.

The Coonabarabran Times of Coonabarabran, north-west New South Wales, Australia, in its 17 November 1994 issue, carried brief details of an apparent close encounter with a diamond-shaped UFO near ground level on 15 November 1994, on the Mendooran road to the south of the town. 

With the assistance of local police, I interviewed the four principal witnesses to this apparent close encounter.  One of the area witnesses told me that I should seek out Laurie, a local businessman, who had a lot of UFO stories to tell. 

One story was utterly startling and unbelievable. It was apparently connected to the Valentich mystery and initially told to me by one of the Coonabarabran witnesses who heard it through Laurie. Others encouraged us to ask Laurie about other stories. We did both, but the story in question stood out.

Laurie told us he had heard the story directly from a South Australian farmer who had bought a property in the north-west of New South Wales. The farmer had come into his business and the talk strayed onto UFOs. He shared with Laurie an experience he had on his South Australian property on the day following the disappearance of Frederick Valentich.

The farmer said he was harvesting lucern when he heard a loud screeching sound coming from the harvester. He thought it might have been a bearing, so he uncoupled the harvester from the tractor’s power drive and jumped off and went back to have a look. The farmer was trying to work out the source of the continuing noise when he became aware that he was in a shadow. He looked up and saw he was directly underneath a large “saucer” shaped object, and going by the size of his harvester; he estimated it to be about 30 metres across. The loud screeching noise continued. 

From directly underneath the object, the farmer reportedly could see two concentric outer rings or bands that were counter rotational and were operating at different speeds. One went very fast, so fast that you had to blink to see that it was moving. The other one was moving very slowly in the opposite direction. There were two small protuberances that the farmer took to be rudders, and two large holes, one had “shimmering heat” coming out, the other was shooting small flames.

The farmer began to think there was something horribly wrong with this huge object and that it might crash down on him. He ran to get out from under it. He got the impression that one of the object’s engines had stopped working. 

As he moved away the farmer looked back at the object which he could now see edge on. It had a large dome on top and what looked like a black weather seal along the base of the dome structure. He then noticed what looked like a “church door with a curved top, but no windows or handles were visible.”

He told Laurie the most unusual thing was that the massive object had a Cessna stuck to the outside of it – “the whole aircraft.” It was flat up against the side of the object with its tail hanging down. Laurie said he was not sure whether the farmer said there was engine oil running down the outside of the Cessna, but he could clearly see the plane’s registration markings. He found a nail and scratched the plane’s registration number into the paint of his tractor. 

According to Laurie, the farmer said the object – “the saucer” – still accompanied by the screeching sound, then flew away over a ridge in the direction of a nearby Army range.

The farmer said to Laurie he told no one about what happened. He went into town later in the day. One of his neighbours saw him and apparently said, “I see you are doing some more crop spreading.” He said no, why do you say that. The neighbour said, “I saw the Cessna today up in your top paddock.” He replied to his neighbour, “There’s no Cessna in my top paddock.” The neighbour insisted, “Yes there is, I was up near there, I saw it there today.” The farmer said, “That’s interesting, I’ll have a look when I get home.”

He went up to the top paddock and saw no plane, but he did see three tyre marks and some tracks from a plane. He followed the tracks to where they ended, and there was “a pool of ’flamin’ engine oil” on the ground. 

I recorded the story from Laurie on two separate occasions, one over the phone in January 1995 and face to face in Coonabarabran one month later in the presence of my friend Robb Tilley. Laurie was impressed with the story. Robb and I simply did not know what to think. Getting further information proved elusive.

As I had lived through the Valentich mystery unfolding at the time in 1978 and had written extensively about the research and investigation of the extraordinary events, I was acutely sensitive to the bizarre and strange aspects. I also had contact with Guido Valentich, Frederick’s father, and I knew that he had been exposed to various claims about what had happened to his son. He even helped me investigate one claim, which ultimately ended in no real resolution, just another unverifiable claim. Sadly, Guido passed away without a definitive answer to his son’s disappearance.

With Laurie’s account from the farmer, I had yet another extraordinarily bizarre and unbelievable claim. Laurie told me the farmer returned on another occasion with the Cessna’s registration number. It was DSJ, the number of Valentich’s Cessna. This in itself was not convincing for me because that information was widely reported at the time of the plane’s disappearance.

I did not want to burden the Valentich family or authorities with yet another unverified story. The biggest problem for me was that Laurie couldn’t recollect the farmer’s name. He told me he had written all this down in notes, but he had not been able to find them. I stayed in touch with Laurie for a while, but despite attempts to come up with a name, without his notes we couldn’t progress the investigation unless we had a vast amount time and resources available. 

I circulated a brief account on Paranet (a favoured research Internet facility) at the time but nothing came of it. The story stayed a sleeper until Dr Haines’ comments on the Discovery Science programme. I immediately accessed my notes and tapes and began to evaluate whether the considerably improved resources of the Internet, social media and other resources would now allow another attempt at getting to the heart of the story. Sadly, I learnt that Laurie passed away about seven years ago.

I contacted George Simpson and shared the story with him. We both agreed that despite the bizarre nature of the story, we should try to see if we could track down anyone who had knowledge of the story and see if we could get a name for the farmer. We have since tracked down all sorts of clues.

I described the results of our investigation of this bizarre story in a report on my OZ Files blog entitled “Strange Days, Strange Tales – a Valentich connection” back in October 2013 (see the
ozfiles.blogspot.com/2013/10/strange-days-strange-tales-valentich.html). 

Victorian UFO Action (VUFOA) put on a 40th-anniversary event that featured a panel of people involved in the Valentich affair and its investigation including Steve Robey, Rhonda Rhuston and George Simpson. Videos of the event are available on VUFOA’s YouTube channel. The 3rd edition of Jerome Clark’s massive two-volume work The UFO Encyclopedia appeared in 2018 with my report on the Valentich disappearance.

While there is now a wealth of data on the case, what happened to Frederick Valentich and the Cessna he was flying remains a mystery.

For further information on this case, see my work: “The Missing Cessna and the UFO: a preliminary report on the Bass Strait-King Island Affair”, Flying Saucer Review, Volume 24, No. 5, March 1979, 3-5; “Vanished – A report on the Valentich – Bass Strait Affair”, Australian UFO Researcher (No. 56 & 57, No. 58 & 59, No. 60, January 1979 through to December 1979). This report included details on the widespread UFO activity on the same day as the incident, the precedent for UFO activity over Cape Otway, Bass Strait and King Island, precedents for UFO-related plane disappearances or crashes; “Valentich-Bass Strait (Australia) affair”, in Ronald Story’s The Encyclopedia of UFOs, 1980; “Vanished? The Valentich Affair re-examined”, Flying Saucer Review, Vol. 30, No. 2, 1984; “1978 and the RAAF” and “Frederick Valentich and Delta Sierra Juliet – Vanished?” in my lengthy online document “UFOs Sub Rosa Down Under” at www.theozfiles.com/ufos_subrosa4.html and www.theozfiles.com/ufos_subrosa6.html; I also describe the affair extensively in my 1996 book The OZ Files – the Australian UFO Story.

© New Dawn Magazine and the respective author.
For our reproduction notice, click here.

Source: 

• https://www.newdawnmagazine.com/articles/australian-ufo-mysteries-the-disappearance-of-frederick-valentich

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11-12-2022 om 23:31 geschreven door peter  

BY ANDY TOMASWICK

The result was spectacularly similar to the actual image captured by the Apollo 17 astronauts. So much so that even the team was surprised by the fidelity, given the data limitations that went into the algorithm that fed the image.

However, the outcome of models isn’t always graphical, and for the sake of inspiration, the team wanted to take it a step further. So they enlisted the help of one of the world’s foremost graphics companies – nVIDIA. 

They used a tool nVIDIA has developed called Omniverse to visualize the model’s output in a format similar to that captured by the Blue Marble Image. It also used a ray tracing technique commonly used in the other main use case for nVIDIA chips – video games, to make the image as lifelike as possible. And then, the model also introduces its other major advantage – it moves.

The Blue Marble has always been a static image – a one-time snapshot of how the Earth looked on that day in 1972. But, if the model is correct (and it appears to be given its outcome on the day the picture was taken), it can be rewound or pushed forward to watch as the clouds, temperatures, and atmospheric makeup change both before and after the iconic picture. 

Effectively, it’s like watching what the Apollo 17 astronauts would have seen if they had remained stationary and had a video camera set up to constantly monitor their homeworld. The effect is mesmerizing, but more importantly, it’s useful. Plenty of weather and climate phenomena can only be explored if we understand their input factors at the 1 km scale. That is the output of these climate models, and they can be helpful for more than just looking back into the past. 

While this particular effort was a way to commemorate a great picture and the original founding of the Max Planck Institute of Meteorology, where many of the researchers work, it is, in essence, a test of a fully functional, high-resolution climate model. That will be ever more useful as we go forward into an uncertain changing climate, though its future outputs might be more disheartening than inspiring as this one was.

Learn More:

• Science – Supercomputer re-creates one of the most famous pictures of Earth
• Max Planck Institute for Meteorology – Revisiting the Blue Marble: ICON simulating the coupled climate system at 1 km
• UT – Best “Blue Marble” Images Yet
• UT – A Brand New “Blue Marble” View of Earth
• UT – NASA’s Blue Marble…Side B.

{  https://www.universetoday.com/ }

11-12-2022 om 23:03 geschreven door peter  

See the 1998 disaster film Deep Impact come to life in a new interactive map! Simulation lets you drop asteroids on Time Square, London or any place in the world - and it tells you how many millions of people will be killed

• A coder launched an asteroid scenario simulator that lets users choose a location to drop an asteroid and see the widespread destruction
• Asteroid Launch uses Apple Maps to pull satellite footage of the Earth and overlays the selected area with visuals
• The system lets users choose the size of the asteroid, speed of impact, makeup and angle of impact 
• It reveals how many people would be killed by impact, fires, winds and earthquakes following the event 

By STACY LIBERATORE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

A new interactive map brings the 1998 film Deep Impact to life, allowing users to drop a space rock anywhere globally to watch the devastation unfold. 

Called Asteroid Launcher, the system lets you choose a location of impact, the diameter of the asteroid, the speed at which it hits the ground and the collision angle - and hit 'launch' to see the destructions it causes and the number of people killed.

If an asteroid measuring one mile in diameter smashes into Time Square at 152,000 miles per hour, it would create a 34-mile-wide crater and vaporize 9,486,287 people with the impact equivalent to 6,403 Gigatons of TNT.

The system also shares other catastrophic events that follow, including shock waves, fireball size and wind speed.

Asteroid Launcher is the brainchild of creative coder Neal Agarwal who told DailyMail.com he was inspired by his favorite movie Deep Impact and wanted to create a website that simulated disasters.

Asteroid Launcher lets users choose a location to drop an asteroid. This simulation released a one-mile-wide asteroid on Time Square in New York City, creating a 34-mile-wide crater

'I love disaster movies and playing out different end-of-the-world scenarios in my head,' Agarwal told DailyMail.com.

'This project took about two months to complete, one month of research and one month for the coding and animations.' 

He explained the equations behind Asteroid Launcher from research papers by Dr. Gareth Collins and Dr. Clemens Rumpf, who study the effects of an asteroid impact.

'I chose those research papers because they have detailed equations and models of all the various effects of an asteroid impact (thermal radiation, wind, shock waves, earthquakes, ect),' Agarwal said.

'They also do a great job of summarizing the current knowledge of the field.' 

The website also shows destructive events that would follow the initial impact, such as this 74-mile-wide fireball that would give more than four million people third-degree burns and kill over nine million

Another option shows the intense earthquakes that would be triggered following the impact

Asteroid Launcher details all the events, destruction and deaths that would potentially occur in the event of an actual asteroid impact.

For example, if the same size asteroid that hit Manhattan hits London while traveling at the same speed of 152,000 miles per hour, it would also create a 34-mile-wide crater that would vaporize more than 7.7 million people in the surrounding area.

In Time Square, the fireball would cover an area of 74 miles would vaporize 30,561,023 people.

And in London, the same fireball would be released during the impact, killing 56,082,822 people.

'This tool is more for helping the general public learn more about asteroid impacts,' said Agarwal. 

Another simulation using London and with the same size asteroid that hit New York would also release a fireball 74 miles wide 

Asteroid Launcher also formulates wind speeds after the asteroid hits. In the case of London, wind within 150 miles of the crater would be faster than storms on Jupiter

Asteroid Launcher is the brainchild of creative coder Neal Agarwal who told DailyMail.com he was inspired by his favorite movie Deep Impact and wanted to create a website that simulated disasters

'Scientists have even more precise models of asteroid impacts that they run on supercomputers - this simulation is a more simplified version.'

Asteroid Launcher uses Apple Maps to pull satellite footage of the Earth into its simulation and layer visualizations over the selected area to show users how far the destruction travels.

It also provides different options for what the asteroid is made of.

Users can drop a 2,400-foot-wide gold asteroid on Los Angeles at 247,000 miles per hour, leaving a 34-mile-wide crater in the ground and killing 5,210,549 people.

The simulated events in New York and London only happen once every 22 million years, but Earth is predicted to have a close call when one the size of three football fields is expected to come within 19,600 miles from our planet's surface in 2029.

Asteroid Apophis, named for the serpentine Egyptian god of chaos (also known as Apep), will whizz past Earth on April 13, 2029. 

While researchers have ruled out the possibility of the 1,115-foot object slamming into Earth, the close shave will present a unique opportunity to study an asteroid in detail; most others that come this close are much smaller. 

'The Apophis close approach in 2029 will be an incredible opportunity for science,’ said Marina Brozović, a radar scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, who works on radar observations of near-Earth objects (NEOs).

‘We’ll observe the asteroids with both optical and radar telescopes. With radar observations, we might be able to see surface details that are only a few meters in size.’

The simulated events in New York and London only happen once every 22 million years, but one the size of three football fields is expected to come within 19,600 miles from our planet's surface in 2029. Pictured is a simulation of how close it will get

It’s expected to make its closest approach before 6 pm ET, when it will be over the Atlantic Ocean.

According to NASA, however, it will be visible in the sky hours before this point.

Apophis will first appear in the night sky over the southern hemisphere, making itself known to viewers on the east coast of Australia.

It will then travel westward to reach the equator by early afternoon before crossing over the United States by around 7 p.m.

The massive space rock will be traveling so fast it will traverse the entire width of the moon in less than a minute, NASA said in a 2019 statement.

While 19,000 miles might sound far away, the space agency says it’s rare for an object of this size to come so close

Read more:

• Asteroid Launcher

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11-12-2022 om 21:40 geschreven door peter  

BY ANDY TOMASWICK

Moving the impact site over the ocean does give an estimation of a tsunami and an impressively high one at that. But unlike the other methods of destruction, it doesn’t detail how many people would be wiped out by that disaster, though it is arguably more dangerous than any other means of destruction listed in the simulation.

Overall, it’s an entertaining tool that reinforces the need for “planetary defense” as it has come to be known, and as we’ve detailed several times at UT before. Though it could do with some updates on some of its estimates and its understanding of where on the globe water is, it’s a highly entertaining look at what the impact of arguably one of the worst possible things that could happen to humanity would be.

Learn More:

• UT – Astronomers Spotted a Tiny Asteroid A Few Hours Before it Impacted the Earth, and Predicted Exactly Where and When it Would Crash
• UT – Astronomers Just Practiced What Would Happen if a Potentially Dangerous Asteroid was Detected
• UT – Last-Minute Defense Against an Asteroid That Could Obliterate it Before Impact“
• UT – We Already Have the Technology to Save Earth From a “Don’t Look Up” Comet or Asteroid

Lead Image:

• Screenshot from the Asteroid Launch tool.
  Credit – Asteroid Launcher

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

11-12-2022 om 21:21 geschreven door peter  

Unusual & Unique UFO Cases that Never Gotten Attention They Deserve

Author Preston Dennett has written numerous books about the paranormal (Amazon link). In the second half of the interview, he talked about his research and writing. He said that he enjoys choosing cases that he believes are unusual or unique. For instance, he noted that he wrote about cases involving UFOs that have been chasing and lifting occupied cars.

According to Dennett, the most common sighting of UFOs in the US is on July 4. He has also seen incidents involving planes, boats, and cars. In some cases, the objects collided with the vehicles.

He claims that encounters with these objects have a wide-reaching impact on human bodies. For instance, he said that people who have been in contact with these objects have experienced levitation. He attributes this to the altered electromagnetic properties of the body. In addition, Dennett claims that these encounters have led to the development of telekinetic and other forms of mental abilities.

• to watch the video, press  "Bekijken op YouTube "

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

11-12-2022 om 21:07 geschreven door peter  

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

4 STUNNING UFO ENCOUNTERS *CAUGHT ON CAMERA* | The Proof is Out There

Check out these 4 shocking UFO encounters, in this The Proof Is Out There compilation.

00:00 - Intro

00:14 - Chapter 1 - Pilot Caught Footage of Bizarre Objects in the Sky

04:58 - Chapter 2 - Eyewitness Summoned Mysterious Aircrafts at Night

09:42 - Chapter 3 - Possible UFO Crash Landing Site in the UK?!

13:31 - Chapter 4 - Mysterious Lights seen in Florida Sky

• #TheProofIsOutTherer

RELATED

These shocking UFOs have been spotted over some of the biggest cities in the U.S. See more in this compilation from The Proof is Out There.

0:00 - UFO SPOTTED ON U.S. MILITARY BASE

3:28 - UFOS INFILTRATE JULY 4TH CELEBRATIONS

8:04 - UFO ATTEMPTS TO MAKE COMMUNICATION

12:49 - UFOS INVADE NEW YORK CITY

17:02 - GIANT FLAME SPOTTED IN THE FLORIDA SKY

Commercial Pilots Seeing UFOs in the Sky - Starlink with 6 Lights?

Mark Hulsey was an experienced Marine F-18 Fighter Pilot. Now he flies a Gulfstream 650 private jet for a billionaire. He relays his own unidentified aerial phenomena experience and highlights the safety issues that come up when pilots are afraid to report lights to their employer.

SpaceX launches moon lander, rover and 'flashlight,' booster lands in Florida

SpaceX launched Japanese company ispace's Hakuto-R lander with a range of payloads including "Rashid," a 22-pound (10 kilograms) rover developed by the UAE's Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Center. The rocket lifted off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida on Dec. 11, 2022.

Another payload along for the Falcon 9 rocket ride is NASA's "Lunar Flashlight" cubesat, which will hunt for water ice inside craters near the moon's south pole.

The rocket's first stage touched down at Landing Zone 2 in Florida a little over 8 minutes after liftoff.

Credit: SpaceX

NASA Chief Gives Serious Warning About Betelgeuse Star Explosion

NASA Chief Gives Serious Warning About Betelgeuse Star Explosion. Betelgeuse, Orion constellation’s most famous star, and now a bright red supergiant star, is nearing the end of its life. It will likely explode as a supernova and be visible during the daytime from Earth. And while we do not know as of yet if it is a threat or not, scientists have already discovered a telltale way to detect when a star is about to go supernova.

• #space #betelgeuse #supernova
  

RELATED

Life Inside China's New Space Station! (Tiangong)

Life Inside China's New Space Station! (Tiangong)

Last Video: How NASA Will 3D Print Houses On The Moon!

• https://youtu.be/HSqwznV6VpM

ANCIENT ALIENS : ORIGIN OF HUMANITY - FULL HD SCIFI MOVIE IN ENGLISH - ORIGINAL V MOVIES

ANCIENT ALIENS : ORIGIN OF HUMANITY - FULL HD SCIFI MOVIE IN ENGLISH - ORIGINAL V MOVIES Discovering mysterious extraterrestrial beings. More and more evidence and appearances of UFOs surround our Earth. Secrets, cover-ups, discoveries, testimonies suggest a contact, a contact with beings who came from the sky, which took place at the dawn of our existence; maybe, just ancient aliens who gave and taught life to our ancestors.

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

11-12-2022 om 19:04 geschreven door peter  

NASA Tests a Solar Sail Segment of its Enormous Solar Cruiser Mission

A team led by NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) was recently selected to develop a solar sail spacecraft that would launch sometime in 2025. Known as the Solar Cruiser, this mission of opportunity measures 1653 m² (~17790 ft²) in area and is about the same thickness as a human hair. Sponsored by the Science Mission Directorate’s (SMD) Heliophysics Division, this technology demonstrator will integrate several new solar sail technologies developed by various organizations to mature solar sail technology for future missions.

In a recent video released by NASA, we see engineers and industry partners at the MSFC in Huntsville, Alabama, unfurling a segment of the prototype solar sail. The video, taken on October 13th, shows how the teams used two 30.5 m (100-foot) lightweight composite booms to unfurl a 400 m² (4,300 ft²) quadrant of the solar sail prototype for the first time. Once realized, the Solar Cruiser demonstrator will validate technologies that enable future missions to study the Sun, its interaction with Earth, and its extended atmosphere (aka. heliosphere).

The Solar Cruiser team includes industry partners like spacecraft and payload developer Ball Aerospace, critical systems manufacturer Roccor, LLC, and subcontractor NeXolve, which specializes in producing thin, lightweight materials and structures (such as solar sail films). Alongside NASA Marshall, they are leveraging advancements in solar sail technology from the past decade, including elements from previous missions. These include:

• NASA’s NanoSail-D mission
• JAXA’s Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun (IKAROS) mission
• The Planetary Society’s LightSail missions
• NASA’s Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout mission

The video features NASA scientists Les Johnson, the Principle Investigator of the NEO Scout mission, which launched with Artemis I (one of ten secondary payloads). As he explained, the purpose of this unfurling was to test how the sail would deploy once it was in space:

“The sail deployment test that we just completed here at NASA Marshall was really a test of [the] functionality of the sail. Could you get these two hundred-foot-long booms coiled up, put in a deployer, attached to a sail that has an area of over four thousand square feet when it’s all folded and rolled, put it in a small box, and get it to deploy unaided? And the answer is yes. We had a very successful test, and the results are evident in the pictures that have been taken and the data we collected during the test.”

Solar sails rely on lightweight highly-reflective material and continuous photon pressure from the Sun’s rays (solar wind) to generate thrust. This does away with the need for propellant that makes up most of a mission’s pre-flight mass or the heavy electric propulsion systems that power Hall-Effect Thrusters (ion engines). In addition to increasing a mission’s mass, they also limit its lifetime and observation locations. This is the purpose of the Solar Cruiser, which will demonstrate a solar sail’s ability to make observations from a sunward-facing position at L1.

The design also includes four 29.5-m (~97-ft) lightweight booms, similar to the metallic Triangular, Rollable and Compressible (TRAC™) booms used by the NEA Scout mission. Designed by the U.S. Air Force and licensed to Roccor, LLC, these booms are similar to those used by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to deploy its Sunshield. For the sake of the Solar Cruiser, Roccor developed TRAC booms using lighter composite materials via NASA’s Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program.

The sail also has embedded Reflective Control Devices (RCDs) that provide propellantless attitude control and help keep the sail stable. The sail membrane consists of a thin-film polyimide successfully flown on NanoSail-D coated with aluminum to make it reflective. This material was selected because of its flight-proven properties and how it is scalable to sails of any size – from the 10 m² (~33 ft²) sail on NanoSail-D to sails greater than 10,000 m² (~32,800 ft²). This is consistent with one of the main objectives of the Solar Cruiser, which is the ability to build sails of increasing size

“The key to enabling some of these missions is having larger and larger sails that are very lightweight,” he said. “And that’s why we’re moving from sails the size of NEA Scout, nine-hundred and twenty-five square feet, to seventeen-thousand eight-hundred square feet. And in the future, we will make sails that are even larger still. And the larger the sail, generally speaking, the better it has a capability to do propulsion and higher thrust.”

The study of heliophysics is vital to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Department of Defense. These government organizations are responsible for issuing alerts for space weather alerts and forecasts and monitoring things like solar flares that cause interference with communications or satellites. The Solar Cruiser will also demonstrate the capability to make sustained in-situ measurements of Earth’s magnetotail – the interaction between Earth’s magnetosphere and solar wind.

Monitoring solar activity and space weather is also of interest to NASA’s human exploration programs. Before this decade is over, the Artemis Program will send astronauts to the Moon for the first time in over fifty years. The long-term aim of Artemis is to create a “sustained program of lunar exploration” that will include the creation of infrastructure and long-duration stays on the lunar surface. By the 2030s, NASA plans to send crewed missions to Mars that will consist of a six to nine-month transit and science operations on the Martian surface.

Knowing how to predict solar events will ensure astronaut health and safety and that their equipment remains operational. Just another exciting field of study that NASA and other space agencies will pursue in the coming years. And it’s fair to say that these efforts will enable new missions to expand our understanding of the Solar System and the Universe.

Further Reading:

• NASA

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11-12-2022 om 01:45 geschreven door peter  

NASA Tests a Solar Sail Segment of its Enormous Solar Cruiser Mission

A team led by NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) was recently selected to develop a solar sail spacecraft that would launch sometime in 2025. Known as the Solar Cruiser, this mission of opportunity measures 1653 m² (~17790 ft²) in area and is about the same thickness as a human hair. Sponsored by the Science Mission Directorate’s (SMD) Heliophysics Division, this technology demonstrator will integrate several new solar sail technologies developed by various organizations to mature solar sail technology for future missions.

In a recent video released by NASA, we see engineers and industry partners at the MSFC in Huntsville, Alabama, unfurling a segment of the prototype solar sail. The video, taken on October 13th, shows how the teams used two 30.5 m (100-foot) lightweight composite booms to unfurl a 400 m² (4,300 ft²) quadrant of the solar sail prototype for the first time. Once realized, the Solar Cruiser demonstrator will validate technologies that enable future missions to study the Sun, its interaction with Earth, and its extended atmosphere (aka. heliosphere).

The Solar Cruiser team includes industry partners like spacecraft and payload developer Ball Aerospace, critical systems manufacturer Roccor, LLC, and subcontractor NeXolve, which specializes in producing thin, lightweight materials and structures (such as solar sail films). Alongside NASA Marshall, they are leveraging advancements in solar sail technology from the past decade, including elements from previous missions. These include:

• NASA’s NanoSail-D mission
• JAXA’s Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun (IKAROS) mission
• The Planetary Society’s LightSail missions
• NASA’s Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout mission

The video features NASA scientists Les Johnson, the Principle Investigator of the NEO Scout mission, which launched with Artemis I (one of ten secondary payloads). As he explained, the purpose of this unfurling was to test how the sail would deploy once it was in space:

“The sail deployment test that we just completed here at NASA Marshall was really a test of [the] functionality of the sail. Could you get these two hundred-foot-long booms coiled up, put in a deployer, attached to a sail that has an area of over four thousand square feet when it’s all folded and rolled, put it in a small box, and get it to deploy unaided? And the answer is yes. We had a very successful test, and the results are evident in the pictures that have been taken and the data we collected during the test.”

Solar sails rely on lightweight highly-reflective material and continuous photon pressure from the Sun’s rays (solar wind) to generate thrust. This does away with the need for propellant that makes up most of a mission’s pre-flight mass or the heavy electric propulsion systems that power Hall-Effect Thrusters (ion engines). In addition to increasing a mission’s mass, they also limit its lifetime and observation locations. This is the purpose of the Solar Cruiser, which will demonstrate a solar sail’s ability to make observations from a sunward-facing position at L1.

The design also includes four 29.5-m (~97-ft) lightweight booms, similar to the metallic Triangular, Rollable and Compressible (TRAC™) booms used by the NEA Scout mission. Designed by the U.S. Air Force and licensed to Roccor, LLC, these booms are similar to those used by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to deploy its Sunshield. For the sake of the Solar Cruiser, Roccor developed TRAC booms using lighter composite materials via NASA’s Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program.

The sail also has embedded Reflective Control Devices (RCDs) that provide propellantless attitude control and help keep the sail stable. The sail membrane consists of a thin-film polyimide successfully flown on NanoSail-D coated with aluminum to make it reflective. This material was selected because of its flight-proven properties and how it is scalable to sails of any size – from the 10 m² (~33 ft²) sail on NanoSail-D to sails greater than 10,000 m² (~32,800 ft²). This is consistent with one of the main objectives of the Solar Cruiser, which is the ability to build sails of increasing size

“The key to enabling some of these missions is having larger and larger sails that are very lightweight,” he said. “And that’s why we’re moving from sails the size of NEA Scout, nine-hundred and twenty-five square feet, to seventeen-thousand eight-hundred square feet. And in the future, we will make sails that are even larger still. And the larger the sail, generally speaking, the better it has a capability to do propulsion and higher thrust.”

The study of heliophysics is vital to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Department of Defense. These government organizations are responsible for issuing alerts for space weather alerts and forecasts and monitoring things like solar flares that cause interference with communications or satellites. The Solar Cruiser will also demonstrate the capability to make sustained in-situ measurements of Earth’s magnetotail – the interaction between Earth’s magnetosphere and solar wind.

Monitoring solar activity and space weather is also of interest to NASA’s human exploration programs. Before this decade is over, the Artemis Program will send astronauts to the Moon for the first time in over fifty years. The long-term aim of Artemis is to create a “sustained program of lunar exploration” that will include the creation of infrastructure and long-duration stays on the lunar surface. By the 2030s, NASA plans to send crewed missions to Mars that will consist of a six to nine-month transit and science operations on the Martian surface.

Knowing how to predict solar events will ensure astronaut health and safety and that their equipment remains operational. Just another exciting field of study that NASA and other space agencies will pursue in the coming years. And it’s fair to say that these efforts will enable new missions to expand our understanding of the Solar System and the Universe.

Further Reading:

• NASA

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

11-12-2022 om 01:45 geschreven door peter  

11-12-2022 om 01:23 geschreven door peter  

Crew chosen For SpaceX's first private Starship mission to the moon, UFO Sighting News.

Crew chosen For SpaceX's first private Starship mission to the moon, 10 total crew members, including two backup crew, will join him on the roughly week-long flight that was originally scheduled to launch in 2023. That timeline will likely push to 2024. 

Guys this is cool. A Japanese billionaire has funded the entire civilian program. This is mind-bogglings stuff. I mean most NASA missions have hard core military, CIA, NSA. I can see by the faces of these individuals picked by SpaceX that they are none of the above, they are us, the people. I can't wait to hear and see what they encounter on the mission. Photos and video is going to be raw and unedited. Don't think for a second this doesn't share the shit out of NASA. The truth coming out, and making NASA look like a fool for lying, always does make the lier look the fool. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

• https://us.yahoo.com/news/crew-revealed-spacexs-first-private-204026412.html

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

10-12-2022 om 23:00 geschreven door peter  

This Went On For 12 Days Straight... Artemis Moon Images Exposed, UFO Sighting News.

 Here is a cool video by Secureteam10, about several anomalies that occurred over the last few weeks that you may have not heard about. Also, he shows a structure that I discovered on the moon at 3:46 into the video, good to see I'm making a difference too. But I was going to post this with or without it, Tyler is a great reporter who really helps the UFO community. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

10-12-2022 om 22:46 geschreven door peter